A dictionary of the English language : in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed, a history of the language, and an English grammar

DICTIONARY

O F T H E

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

VOL I.

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2007 with funding from

IVIicrosoft Corporation

/

http://vyww.archive.org/details/dictionaryofengl01johnuoft

Samuel Johk^son, i..i..d.

A

DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE:

I N W H I C H

THE WORDS ARE DEDUCED FROM THEIR ORIGINALS,

AND ILLUSXaATED IN THEIR DIFFERENT SIGNIFICATIONS BY EXAMPLES" FROM THE BEST WRITERS.

TO WHICH ARE PREFIXED,

A HISTORYoF.THE LANGUAGE,

AND

An ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
By SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D.

IN TWO VOLUMES. V O L. L ^

THE SIXTH EDITION.

Cum tabulis animum cenforis fumet honefti :
Auilebit quKcunque paruin fplendoris habebunt,
Et fine pondere erunt, ct honore indigna ferentur,
Verba moverc loco; quamvis invita recedant,
Et vcrfciituT adhuc intra penetralia Vcftx:
Obfcurata d;u populo bonus eruet, atqUe
Proferct in luccm fpcctolii vocabula rerum,
(^i.x- prifcis mcmorata Catonibus atque Cethsgis
Nunc fitus informis preinit ct delerta vetuftas. HoR.

LONDON

Piinteil for J. F. and C. Rivrrr.TOs, L. Davis, T. Payne and Sos, T. Losgmas, B. I, aw, J. Dodsley, C. Di^ly,
W. LowKors, G. G. J. ariil J. Kobinson, T. Cadeli., Jo. Johnson,, J. Kobson, W. Richardson, J. Nichols,
R. Ealdwih, W. Goldsmith, J. Murray, W. Stuart, P. Elmsly, W. Fox, S. H.vYtf, V. OoiuviE,
W. Bent, T. and J. Eoerton, J. Phillips, nnd M. NjiWBERV.

M.DCC.LXXXV.

R E F A C E.

IT is the fate of thofe who toil at the lower employments of life, to be rather driven by the fear of'
evil, than attrafted by the profpedt of good j to be expofed to cenfure, without hope of praife ; to be
difgraced by mifcarriage, or punifhed for negleft, where fuccefs would have been without applaufe,
and diligence without reward.

Among thefe unhappy mortals is the writer of diflionarlesj whom mankind have confidered, not as the
pupil, but the Have of fcience, the pioneer of literature, doomed only to remove rubbifh and clear ob-
ftruftions from the paths through which Learning and Genius prefs forwai-d to conqueft and glory, without
bellowing a fmile on the humble drudge that facilitates their progrefs. Every other author may afpire to
praife; the lexicographer can only hope to efcape reproach, and even this negative recompenfe has been yet
granted to very few.

I have, notwithftanding this difcouragement, attempted a Dictionary of the Englijh language, which,
■while it was employed in the cultivation of every fpecies of literature, has itfelf been hitherto neglefted j
fuffered to fpread, under the direftion of chance, into wild exuberance ; refigned to the tyranny of time
and fafhion; and expofed to the corruptions of ignorance, and caprices of innovation.

"When I took the firft furvey of my undertaking, I found our fpeech copious without order, and
energetick without rules: wherever I turned my view, there was perplexity to be difentangled, and con-
fufion to be regulated; choice was to be made out of boundlefs variety, without any eftablifhed principle
of feledlion ; adulterations were to be deted:ed, without a fettled tcft of purity ; and modes of expreffion
to be rejefted or received, without the fuffrages of any writers of claflical reputation or acknowledged
authority.

Having therefore no affiftance but from general grammar, I applied myfelf to the perufal of our writers ;
and noting whatever might be of ufe to afcertain or illuftrate any word or phrafc, accumulated in time the
materials of a didionary, which, by degrees, I reduced to method, eftablifliing to myfelf, in the progrefs
of the work, fuch rules as experience and analogy fuggefted to me ; experience, which pradice and ob-
fervation were continually increafing; and analogy, which, though in fome words obfcure, was evident in
Others.

In adjufting the Orthography, which iias been to this time unfetcled and fortuitous, I found it necef-
fary to diftinguilh thofe irregularities that are inherent in our tongue, and perhaps coeval with it, from
others. which the ignorance or negligence of later writers has produced. Every language has its anomalies,
which, though inconvenient, and in themfelves once unneceffary, muft be tolerated among the imperfec-
tions of human things, and which require only to be rcgiflered, that they may not be increafed, and afcer-
tained, that they may not be confounded: but every language has likewife its improprieties and abfurdides,
which it is the duty of the lexicographer to corredl or profcribe.

As language was at its beginning merely oral, all words of neceflary or common ufe 'were ifjolicn be-.
fore they were written ; and while they were unfixed by any vifible figns, muft ha,ve been fpoken with
great diverfity, as we now obferve thofe who cannot read to catch founds imperfeftly, and utter them
negligently. When this wild and barbarous jargon was firft reduced to an alphabet, every penman endea-
voured to exprefs, as he could, the founds which he was accuftomed to pronounce or to receive, and vi-
tiated in writing fuch words as were already vitiated in fpeech. The powers of the letters, when they
were applied to a new language, muft have been vague and unfettlcd, and therefore different hands would
exhibit the fame found by diiFerent combinations,

7 From

PREFACE.

From this uncfrtain pronunciation arifc in a great part the various dialcds of the fame country, which
will alwAVs bcr obfcrved to grow fewer, and lefs different, as books are multiplied ; and from this arbitrary
reprcfc-nt.uion of founds by letters, proceeds that divcrfity of fpclling obfcrvablc in the Saxon remains,
and I fupjx>fc in the firft books of every nation, which perplexes or dcftroys analogy, and produces ano-
maUius formations, that, being once incorporated, can never be afterwards difmiffed or reformed.

Of this kind arc the derivatives length from long, Jirwgth from ftrong, darling from dear, breadth from
kr—d^ from dry^ drought, and from' high, height, which Miltctt, in real for analogy, writes highthi
^id te fxempta JHvat Jpinis de pluribus una ? to change all would be too much, and to change one is
nothing.

Tl)i 'rninty is moft frequent in the Vowels, which are fo capricioufly pronounced, and fo difFer-
cnily i: i, by accident or afFcAation, not only in every province, but in every mouth, that to

them, as Vk well known to ctymologifts, little regard is to be (hewn in the dcdu<5bion of one language from
JUiotlier.

Such defeifls are not errours in orthography, but fpots of barbarity imprefl*ed fo deep in the EtigUJh
language, that criticifm can never wa(h ihcm away : thefe, therefore, muft be permitted to remain un-
touched ; but many words have likcwife been altered by accident, or depraved by ignorance, as the pro-
nunciation of the vulgar has been weakly followed ; and fome ftill continue to be varioufly written, as
authors differ in their care or fkill : of thefe it was proper to enquire the true orthography, which 1 have
always confidcreil as depending on their derivation, and have therefore referred them to their original lan-
guages : thus I write enchant, enchantment, enchanter, after the French, and incantation after the Latin ; thus
tniire is chofcn rather than intire, becaufc it paffcd to us not from the Latin integer, but from the French
tntiir.

Of many words it is difficult to fay whether they were immediately received from the Latin or the
French, fincc at the time v^hen we had dominions in France, we had Latin fcrvice in our churches. It is,
however, my opinion, that the French generally fupplied us j for we hav^ few Latin words, among the
terms of domeftick ufe, which are not French; but many French, which are very remote from Latin.

Even in words of Jwhich the derivation is apparent, I have been often obliged to facrifice uniformity to
cuffom J thus I write. In compliance v ith a numberlefs majority, convey and inveigh, deceit and receipt,
fancy and phantom -, fomctimes the derivative varies from the primitive, as explain and explanation, repeat
4f>d repetition.

' Some combinations of letters having the fame power, are ufed indifirrently without any difcoverable
reafon of choice, as in choak, choke ; /oap,fope ; fewel, fuel, and many others; which I have fomctimes in-
fcrted twice, that thofe who fearch for them under either form, may not fcarch in vain.

! In examining the orthography of any doubtful word, the mode of fpelling by which it is infcrted in the
(cries of the dictionary, is to be confidercd as that to which I give, perhaps not often rafhly, the prefer-
ence. I have left, in the examples, to every author Iiis own praftice unmolefled, that the reader may
J)alar.ce fuffrages, and judge between us: but this qucftion is not always to be determined by reputed or
by rf.n Irirniii'i;; fome men, intent upon greater things, have thought little on founds and derivations;
f) in the ancient tongues, have neglefted tnofe in which our words are commonly to be fought.

T' .' writes " ■" '> (or feajillenejs, becaufe I fuppofe he imagined it derived immediately

Tr'' . _ ; ; and I uds, fuch as dependant, dependent; dependance, dependence, vary their final

lyllablc, as one or another language is prefent to the writer.

, Jn this part of the work, where caprice has long wantoned without controul, and vanity fought praife
by petty reformation, I have endeavoured to proceed with a fcholar's reverence for antiquity, and a gram-
piarian's regard to die genius of our tongue. I have attempted few alterations, and among tiiofe few,
perhaps the greater part is from the modern to the ancient praftice ; and I hope I may be allowed to re-
corv — ' to thofe, whofe thoughts have been perlnps employed too anxioufly oii verbal fingularitics, not
|(> upon narrow views, or for minute propriety, the orthography of their fatliers. It has been

afll-rted, that for tlie law to be kninvn, is of more imf)ortance than to be right. Change, fays Hooker, is
rot made without inconvenience, even from worfe to better. There is in conft^ancy and Itability a general
and lafling advantage, which wiU always overbalance the flow improvements of gradual correction.

$ " Much

PREFACE.

Much lefs ought our written language to comply with the corruptions of oral utterance, or copy that
which every variation of time or place makes different from itfelf, and imitate thofe changes, which will
again be changed, while imitation is employed in obferving them.

This recommendation of fteadinefs and uniformity does not proceed from an opinion, that particular
combinations of letters have much influence on human happinefs ; or that truth may not be fuccefsfully
taught by modes of fpelling fanciful and erroneous : I am not yet fo loft in lexicography, as to forget that
wcrds are the daughters of earth, and that things are the Jons of heaven. Language is only the inftrument
of fcience, and words are but the figns of ideas : I wifh, however, that the inftrument might be lefs apt to
decay, and that figns might be permanent, like the things which they denote.

In fetding the orthography, I have not wholly negleded the pronunciation, which I have direfted,
by printing an accent upon the acute or elevated fyllable. It will fometimes be found, that the accent
is placed by the author quoted, on a different fyllable from that marked in the alphabetical feries ; it is
then to be underftood, that cuftom has varied, or that the author has, in my opinion, pronounced wrong.
Short directions are fometimes given where the found of letters is irregular ; and if they are fometimes
omitted, defedl in fuch minute obfervations will be more eafily excufed, than fuperfiuity.

In the inveftigation both of the orthography and fignification of words, their Etymology was necef^
farily to be confidered, and they were therefore to be divided into primitives and derivatives. A pri-
mitive word, is that which can be traced no furdier to any Englijh root ; thus circumfpe£ty circumvent, cir-
cumjiance, delude, concave, and complicate, though compounds in the Latin, are to us primitives. Deri-
vatives are all thofe that can be referred to any word in Englijh of greater fimplicity.

The derivatives I have referred to their primitives, with an accuracy fometimes needlefs ; for who does
not fee that remotenejs comes from remote, lovely from love, concavity from concave, and demonftrative from
demonftrate ? but this grammatical exuberance the fcheme of my work did not allow me to reprcfs. It is
of great importance, in examining the general fabrick of a language, to trace one word from another, by
noting the ufual modes of derivation and inflexion ; and uniformity muft be preferved in fyftematical
v.orks, though fometimes at the cxpence of particular propriety.

Among other derivatives I have been careful to infert and elucidate the anomalous plurals of nouns and
preterites of verbs, which in the Teutonick dialcfts are very frequent, and, though familiar to thofe who
have always ufed them, interrupt and embarrafs the learners of our language.

The two languages from which our primitives have been derived are the Roman and Teutonick : under
tlic Roman I comprehend the French and provincial tongues ; and under the Teutonick range the Saxony
German, and all their kindred dialecfts. Moft of our polyfyllables are Roman, and our words of one fyl-
lable are very often Teutonick.

In afllgning the Roman original, it has perhaps fometimes happened that I have . mentioned only the
Latin, when the word was borrowed from the French; and confidcring myfelf as employed only in the
ilhiftration of my own language, I have not been very tarefulto obferve whether the Latin word be pure
or barbarous, or the French elegant or obfolete.

For the Teutonick etymologies I am commonly indebted to Junius and Skinner, the only names which I
have forborn to quote when I copied their books ; not that I might appropriate their labours or ufurp their
honours, but that I might fpare a general repetition by one general acknowledgment. Of thefe, whom I
ought not to mention bur with the reverence due to inftruflors and benefaftors, Junius appears to have
excelled in extent of learning, and Skinner in re6litude of underftanding. Junius was accurately flcilled in
all tiie northern languages. Skinner probably examined the ancient and remoter dialefts only by occafional
infpedion into diftionaries ; but the learning of Junius is often of no other ufe than to fliow him a track by
which he may deviate from his purpofe, to v/hich Skinner always prcffes forward by the Ihorteft way.
Skinner is often ignorant, but never ridiculous : Junius is always full of knowledge j but his variety diftracts
his judgment, and his learning is very frequently difgraced by his abfurditics.

The votaries of the northern mufes will not perhaps eafily reftrain their indignation, when they find the
name o( Junius thus degraded by a difailvantageous comparifon ; but whatever reverence is due to his di-
ligence, or his attainments, it can be no criminal degree of cenibiioufnefs to charge that etym.ologift with
want of judgment, who can ferioufly derive dream from drama, becaufe life is a drama, and a drama is a

dream j

PREFACE.

dreant ; and who declares with a tone of defiance, that no man can fail to derive moan from /^e'l-of, mono$y
Jingle or Jolitary, who confiders that grief naturally loves to be alone *.

Our knowledge of the northern literature is fo fcanty, that of words undoubtedly 7V7</o»/V^, the original is
not always to be found in any ancient language ; and I have therefore infcrted Dutch or German fubftitutes>
which I confider not as radical, but parallel, not as the parents, but fifters of the Englijh.

The words which are reprefented as thus related by defcent or cognation, do not always agree in fenfe j
for it is incident to words, as to their authors, to degenerate from their anceftors, and to change their manners
when they change their country. It is fufficient, in etymological enquiries, if the fenfcs of kindred words
be found fuch as may eafily pafs into each other, or fuch as may both be referred to one general idea.

The etymology, fo far as it is yet known, was eafily found in the volumes where it is particularly and
profelTedly delivered ; and, by proper attention to the rules of derivation, the orthography was foon ad-
jufted. But to COLLECT the Words of our language was a tafk of greater difficulty : the deficiency of
diftionaries was immediately apparent -, and when they were exhaufted, what was yet wanting muft be
fought by fortuitous and unguided excurfions into books, and gleaned as induftry fhould find, or chance
fhould offer it, in the boundlefs chaos of a living fpeech. My fearch, however, has been either fkilful or
lucky i for I have much augmented the vocabulaiy.

x\s my defign was a diftionary, common or appellative, I have omitted all words which have relation to
proper names ; fuch as Avian, Socinian, Calvinijt, Benediifine, Mahometan ; but have retained thofe of ^
more general nature, as Heathen, Pagan.

Of the terms of art I have received fuch as could be found either in books of fcience or technical dic-
tionaries ; and have often inferted, from philofophical writers, words which are fiipported perhaps only by
a fingle authority, and which being not admitted into general ufe, ftand yet as candidates or probationers,
and muft depend for their adoption on the fuffrage of futurity.

The words which our authors have introduced by their knowledge of foreign languages, or ignorance
of their own, by vanity or wantonnefs, by compliance with falhion or luft of innovation, I have regiftered
as they occurred, though commonly only to cenfure them, and warn others againft the folly of naturalizing
ufelefs foreigners to the injury of the natives.

I have not rejefted any by defign, merely becaufe they were unnecefliary or exuberant ; but have re-
ceived thofe which by different writers have been differently formed, as vi/cidy and vijcidity, vifcous, and
vijajity.

Compounded or double words I have feldom noted, except when they obtain a fignification different
from that which the components have in their fimple ftate. Thus highwayman, woodman, and horfecourfer,
require an explanation ; but of thieflike or coachdriver no notice was needed, becaufe the primitives Contain
the meaning of the compounds.

Words arbitrarily formed by a conftant and fettled analogy, like diminutive adjeftives in ijh, as greenijkf,
lluijb ; adverbs in ly, as dully, openly ; fubflf Aiitives in nejs, as vilenejs, faultinejs ; were lefs diligently fought,
and fometimes have been omitted, when I had no authority that invited me to infert them; not that they

• That I may not appear to have fpoken too irreverently of ubi antique fcriptuminvenimns jemoeteb hit emerij. " Inve-

Junius, I have here fubjoined a few fpeciraens of hii ctyinolo- " nit earn vacantem."
gical extravagance. ' ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ p^ g. hyll. Quod videri poteft abfcifum

Bamish, religare, ex banno vel territorio exigere, in exiliiim ex koX/'mi vel w^utl^. Collit, tumulus, locus in piano editior,

»gere. G. bannir. It. bandire,bandeggiare. H. bandir. B. ban- Horn. II. b. v. 8il. tri ^s ti? ir^o9ra^oi8t «■o^so{ amiia, xoPiinj.

nen. M\\ tnedii fcriptores bannire dicebant. V. Spclm. in Ban- Ubi authori brevium fcholiorum xoAwnj exp. tojtov iij a^a^ atn*.u*,

num iV in Banleuga. Quoniam vcro regionum urbiumq; limites yixMipof e4''X''*

ar^uis plerumq; montibi.s altis fluminibus, longis deniq; Qcx- iSIap, to take a nap. Dormire, condormifcere. Cym. heppian.

uofifq; anguftilfimarum viarum amfraaxbus includebantur, fieri p^^ g. hna:ppan. Quod poftremum videri potcll defuraptiim ex

poteft id genus l.mites *fl«diciab eo quod Ba.,»Ta. & B«»a\« ^^..^aj, obfcuritas, te.iebra; : nihil enim a-que folet conciliare

Tarentiais ol.m, ficuti tradit Hefychius, vocabantur «: Xo^i. >.fx\ fomnum, quam caliginofa profunda noai^obfcuritas.
ftn ^9i/Ti»iK JJoi, "obliquae acminimc inreaum tendcntes vi^." t> il ui r /^ .i. c-i- mx^a/to a o _

Ac fortafTe quoque hue facit quod B..J,«, eoden. Hefychio telle. Stammerer, Balbu^, Wa:fus. Goth. STAMMb, A. S. pra-

dicebant %^ re«yyv'A„ montes arduo... '"en. J^amun. D. ftam. B. ftamder. Su. ftam.na. fft. ftamr. bunt

_ . a TuiMhut vel fuu.i?^>^i"r nimia loquacitate alios oftendere ; quod

fcMPxy, emie, -vacuus, UamS. A. S. ^mti^. Ncfcio an fint jnip^aue loquentcs libentillime garriie foleant ; vel quod aliis
ab .f«« vel i^ilao,. Vomo, evomo, vomitu evacuo. Videtur intcvjm ■^■■, r,.„,n„ vi-jcantur. etiam oarciffimc loauentcs.

arc

PREFACE.

arc not genuine and regular ofFsprlngs of EngUjh roots, but becaufe their relation to the primitive being
always the fame, their fignification cannot be miftaken.

The verbal nouns in in^, fuch as the keeping of the caftle, the leading of the armyy are always neglefted,
or placed only to illuftrate the fenfe of the verb, except when they fignify things as well as adioiis, and
have therefore a plural number, as d-welling, living 5 or have an abfolute and abftrad: fignification, as colcur-
ifig, painting, leanring. ^

The participles are likewife omitted, unlefs, by fignifying rather habit or quality than adlion, they take
the nature of adjeftives j as a.- thinking man, a man of prudence j a pacing horfe, a horfe that can pace: thefe
I have ventured to call participial adjcSlives. But neither are thefe always inferted, becaufe they are com-
monly to be underftood, without any danger of miftake, by confulting the verb.

Obfolete words are admitted, when they arc found in authors not obfolcte, or when they have any force
or beauty that may defcrve revival.

As compofition is one of the chief charafterifticks of a language, I have endeavoured to make fbme
reparation for the univerfal negligence of my predeceflbrs, by inferting great numbers of compounded-
words, as may be found under after, fore, new, night, fair, and many more. Thefe, numerous as they
are, might be multiplied, but that ufe anfl curiofity are here fatisfied, and tlie frame of our language an^
modes of our combination amply difcovered. ,

Of fome forms of compofition, fuch as that by which re is prefixed to note repetition, and «« to fignify
tontrariety or privation^ all the examples cannot be accumulated, becaufe the ufe of thefe particles, if not
wholly arbitrary, is fo little limited, that they arc hourly affixed to new words as occafion requires, or is
imagined to require them.

There is another kind of compofition more Frequent in our language than perhaps in any other, from
which arifes to foreigners the ereateft: difficulty. We modify the fignification of many words by a particle
fubjoined 5 as to come off, to elcape by a fetch ; to fall on, to attack j to fall off, to apollatize ; to break
off, to ftop abruptly; to bear out, to julbfy; to fall in, to comply ; to give over, to ceafe j to Jet off, to
embellifli ; to Jet in, to begin a continual tenour j to Jet out, to begin a courfe or journey j to lake off^ td
<opy ; with innumerable expreflions of die fame kind, of which fome appear widely irregular, being fci
far diftant from the fenfe of the fimple words, that no fagacity will be able to trace the fteps by which
they arrived at the prefent ufe. Thefe I have noted with great care ; and though I cannot flatter myfelf
that the coUeftion is complete, I believe I have lb far aflifted the fiiudents of our language, that this kind
of phrafeology will be no longer infuperable ; and the combinations of verbs and particles, by chance
©mitted, will be eafily explained by comparifon with thofe that may be found.

Many words yet ftand fijpported only by the name of Bailey, Ainjworth, Philips, or the contra(5ted 'DiSt.
for Diffionaries fubjoined; of thefe I am not always certain that they are read in any book but the works
of lexicographers. Of fuch I have omitted many, becaufe I had neverread them ; and many I have in-
ferted, becaufe ' they may perhaps exifl:, though they have efcaped my notice : they are, however, to be
yet confidered as refiling only upon the credit of former diftionaries. Others, which I confidefed as ufeful,
or know to be proper, though I could not at prefent fupport them by authorities, I have fuffwed to ftand
upon my own atteftation, claiming the fame privilege with my predeceflTor*, of being fometimes credited
"without proof.

The words, thus fdefted and difpofcd, are grammatically confidered ; they are referred to the diff*erent
parts of fpcech ; traced, when they are irregularly inflefted, through their various terminations^; and il-
luftratcd by obfcrvations, not indeed of great or firiking importance, feparately confidered, but neccfifary
to the elucidation of our language, and hitherto neglefted or forgotten by Englifh grammarians.

That part of my work on which I expeft malignity mod frequently to faften, is the Explanation; in
which I cannot hope to fatisfy thofe, who arc perhaps not ini lined to be pleafed, fince I have not always
been able to fatisfy myfelf To interpret a language by itfelf is very difficult; many words cannot be
explained by fynonimes, becaufe the idea fignified by them has not more than one appellation ; nor by
paraphrafe, becaufe fimple ideas cannot be dtfcribed. When the nature of things is unknown, or the
notion unfcttlcd and indefinite, and various in various minds, the words by which fuch nodons are con-
veyed, or fuch things denoted, will be ambiguous and perplexed. And fuch is the fate of haplefs lexico-
graphy, that not only darknefs, but light, impedes and diftreflcs it ; thinjgs may be not only too little, but

Vol. I. b ' tq©

PREFACE.

too mnch kno^'tt, to br happily ilkiftrated. To explain, require^ the ufc of terms Icfs abftrufe than that
which is to be explained, and fuch terms cannot always be found ; for as nothing can be proved but the
fuppofmg fomething intuitively known, and evident without proof, fo nothing can be defined but by die
uie of words too plain to admit a definition.

Other words there are, of which the fenfe is too fubtle and cvanefcent to be fixed in a paraphrafe j fuch
are all thofc which are by the grammarians termed expUiives, and, in dead languages, are fuffered to pafs
for empty founds, of no other ufe than to fill a verfe, or to modulate a period, but whicJi are eafily per-
ceived in living tongues to have power and emphafisj though it be fometimes fuch as no other form of
exprelTion can convey.

My labour has likewifc been much increafed by a clafs of verbs too frequent in the Englijh language,
of which the lignification is fo loofe and general, tlie ufe fo vague and indeterminate, and tlie fenfes de-
tortcd fo widely from the firft idea, that it is hard to trace them through the maze of variation, to catch
them on the brink of utter inanity, to circumfcribe them by any limitations, or interpret them by any
words of diftinft and fettled meaning; fuch are bear, break, come, caft,full, get, give, do, put. Jet, go, run, make,
take, turn, throw. If of thefe the whole power is not accurately delivered, it muft be remembered,
that while our language is yet living, and variable by the caprice of every one that Ipeaks it, thefe words
arc hourly fhifting their relations, and can no more be afcertained in a diftionary, than a grove, in the agi-
tation of a ftorm, can be accurately delineated from its piflure in the water.

The particles are among all nations applied with fo great latitude, that they are not eafily reducible wmder
any regular fcheme of explication : this difficulty is not lefs, nor perhaps greater, in Englijh, than in other
languages. I have laboured them with diligence, I hope with fuccefs ; fuch at leaft as can be expeifted in
a tafk, which no man, however learned or fagacious, has yet been able to perform.

Some words there are which I cannot explain, becaufe I do not underftand them ; thefe might have

been omitted very often with little inconvenience, but I would not fo far indulge my vanity as to decline

this confcfTion : for when Tully owns himfelf ignorant whether lejjus, in the twelve tables, means a Juneral

Jong, or mourning garment ; and Arijlctle doubts whether ouf luj, in the Iliad, fignifies a mule, or mtileteery

I may furely, without fhame, leave fome obfcurities to happier indufb-y, or future information.

The rigour of interpretative lexicography requires that the explanation, and the word explained, Jhould be
»lways reciprocal j this I have always endeavoured, but could not always attain. Words are fcldom cx-
aftly fynonimous; a new term was not introduced, but becaufe the former was thought inadequate:
names, therefore, have often many ideas, but few ideas have many names. It was then necefTary to ufc
the proximate word, for the deficiency of lingle terms can very feldom be fupplied by circumlocution ;
nor is the inconvenience great of fuch mutilated interpretations, becaufe the fenfe may eafily be coUefted
entire from the examples.

In every word of extenfive ufe, it was requifite to mark the progrefs of its meaning, and fhow by what
gradations of intermediate fenfe it has pafTcd from its primitive to its remote and accidental fignification ;
{o that every foregoing explanation fhould tend to that which follows, and die ferles be regularly concate-
nated from thcfiril notion to the laft.

This is fpecious, but not always prafticable ; kindred fenfes may be fb interwoven, that the perplexity
cannot be difentangled, nor any reafon be afligned why one (houkl be ranged before the other. When the
radical idea branches out into parallel ramifications, iiow can a confecutive feries be formed of fenfes in
their nature collateral ? The thades of meaning fometimes pafs imperceptibly into each other ; fo that
tliough on one fide they apparently tlifi'er, yet it is impofTible to mark the point of contaft. Ideas of the
fame race, though not exaffly alike, are fometimes fo little different, diat no words can exprefs the difTimi-
litudc, though the mind eafily perceives it, when they are exhibited together ; and fometimes there is fuch
a confufion of acceptations, that difcernment is wearied, and diflinftion puzzled, and perfcverance herfelf
hurries to an end, by crowding together what flie cannot feparate.

Thefe complaints of difficulty will, by thofe that have never confidered words beyond their popular wie,
be thought only the jargon of a man willing to magnify his labours, and procure veneration to his ftudies
by involution and obfcurity. But every art is obfcure to thofe that have not learned it : this uncertainty of
terms, and commixture of ideas, is well known to diofe who have joined philofopliy with grammar ; and if

I have

.:p R E F A C E.

I have not exprefled them very clearly, it muft be remembered that I am fpeaking of that which words arc.
infufficient to explain.

The original fenfe of words is often driven out of ufe by theii" metaphorical acceptations, yet muft be
inferted for the fake of a regular origination. Thus I know not whether ardour is ufed for material heat,
or ■vihcxher flagrant, in Englifi, ever fignifies the fame with burning -, yet fuch are the primitive Ideas of thefc
words, which are therefore let firft, diough without examples, that the figurative fenfes may be comniOr-
dioufly deduced.

Such is the exuberance of fignification which many words have obtained, tha.t it was fcarcely poffible to
colieft all their fcnles ; fometimes the meaning of derivatives mull be fought in the mother ternri, and
fometimes deficient explanations of the primitive may be fupplied in the train of derivation. In any cafe
of doubt or difficulty, it will be always proper to examine all the words of the fame race ; for fome words
are fiightly pafied over to avoid repetition, fome admitted eafier and clearer explanation than others, and all
will be better undeiilood, as they are confidered in greater variety of ftruftures and relations.

All the interpretatipns of words are not written with the fame flcill, or the fame happinefs : things equally
eafy in themfelves, are not all equally eafy to any fingle mind. Eveiy writer of a long work cornmits
errours, where there appears neither ambiguity to miflead, nor obfcurity to confound him ; and in a fearch
like this, many felicities of expreffion will be cafually overlooked, many convenient parallels will be
forgotten, and many particulars will admit improvement from a mind utterly-unequal to the whole
performance.

But many feeming faults arc to be imputed rather to the nature of the undertaking, than the negligence
of the performer. Thus fome explanations are unavoidably reciprocal or circular, as hind, the female of
the flag; flag, the male of the hind: fometimes eafier words are changed into harder, as hurial into feptil-
ture or interment, drier into deficcative, drynefs into ftccity or aridity, fit into paroxyfm ; for the eafieft'word,
•whatever it be, can never be tranflated into one more eafy. But eafinefs and difficulty are merely relative,
and if the prefent prevalence of our language Ihould invite foreigners to this diftionary, many will be af-
fifted by thofe wordp which now feem only to increafe or produce obfcurity. For this reafon I have en-
deavoured frequently to join a Teutonick and Roman interpretation, as to cheer, to gladden, or exhilarate,
that every learner of Englijh may be affifted by his own tongue.

The folution of all difficulties, and the fupply of all defefts, muft be fought in the examples, fubjoined
to the various fenfes of each word, and ranged according to the time of their authors. r^

When I firft collefted thefe authorities, I was defirous that every quotation ftiould be ufeful to fome
other end than the illuftration of a word ; I therefore extrafted from pliilofophers principles of fcience ;
from hiftofians remarkable faifls ; from chymifts complete procefles ; from divines ftriking exhortations ;
and from poets beautiful defcriptions. Such is defign, while it is yet at a diftance from execution.
"When the time called upon me to range this accumulation of elegance and wifdom into an alphabetical
fcries, 1 foon difcovered that the bulk of ray volumes would fright away the ftudent, and was forced to
depart from my fcheme of including all that was pkafing or ufeful in Englijh literature, and reduce my
trar/crlpts very often to clufters of words, In which fcarcely any meaning is retained ; thus to tiie wearinefs
of copying, I was condemned to add the vexation of expunging. Some pafTages I have yet fpared, which
may relieve the labour of verbal fearchcs, and interfperfe with verdure and flowers the dully defarts of
barren philology.

'I*he examples, thus mutilated, are no longer to be confidered as conveying the fentiments or dodlrinc
of their authors ; the word for the fake of which they are inferted, with all its appendant claufes, has been
carefully preferved ; but it may fometimes happen, by hafty detruncation, that die general tendency of
the fcntencc may be changed : the divine may defert his tenets, or the philofopher his fyilem.

Some of the examples have been taken from writers who were never mentioned as mailers of elegance
or models offtylc; but words muft be fought where they arc ufcd ; and In wluit pages, eminent for purity,
can terms of manufadlure or agriculture be found? Many quotations fcrve no other purpofe, than that
of proving the bare exiftence of words, and are therefore feledled with Icfs fcrupuloufnefs than thofe which
are to teach their ftru<flures and relations.

My purpofe was to admit no teftimony of living authors, that I might not be mifled by partiality, and
•that none of my contemporaries might have reafon to complain ; nor have I departed from this refolutlon,

h % . but

r ft B P A C E.

but when fomc performance of uncommon excellence excited my veneration, when my memory fuppHecf
me, from late books, with an example that was wanting, or when my heart, in the tendernefs of friendfhip,
folicited adiniilion for a favourite name.

So far have I been from any care to grace my pages with modern decorations, that I have ftudioofly en-
deavoured to colle<5l examples and authorities from the writers before the reftoration, whofe works I re-
gani as the wells of Engliflj undeJUed, as the pure fources of genuine diftion. Our language, for almoft
a century, has, by the concurrence of many caufes, been gradually departing from its original 'Teutonick
xharafter, and deviating towards a Gallick ftnu5hjre and phrafeology, from which it ought to be our en-
deavour to recal it, by making our ancient volumes the ground-work of ftyle, admitting among the ad-
ditions of later times, only fuch as may fupply real deficiencies, fuch as are readily adopted by the genius
of our tongue, and incorporate eafily with our native idioms.

But as every language has a time of rudenefs antecedent to perfefbion, as well as of falfe refinement and
declenfion, I have Iseen cautious left my zeal for antiquity might drive me into times too remote, and
crowd my book with words now no longer underftood. I Iiave fixed Sidney's work for the boundary, be-
yond which I make few excurfions. From the authors which rofe in the time of Elixabetb, a fpeech might
be formed adequate to all the purpofes of ufe and elegance. If the language of theology were extraftcd
from Hooker and the tranflation of the Bible j the terms of natural knowledge from Bacon ; the phrafes of
|X)licy, war, and navigation from Raleigh -, the dialed of poetry and fidlion from Spenfer and Sidney ; and
the didion of common life from Sbakefpeafe, few ideas would be loft to mankind, for want of Englijh words,
in which they might be exprefled.

It is not fufficient that a word is found, unlefs it be fb combined as that its meaning is apparently deter-
Aiined by the tra£t and tenour of the fentence ; fuch paflages I have therefore cliofen, and when it happened
rhat any author gave a definition of a term, or fuch an explanation as is equivalent to a definition, I have
placed his authority as a fupplement to my own, without regard to the chronological order, that is other-
wife obferved. '

Some words, indeed, ftand unfupported by any authority, but they are commonly derivative nouns, or
adverbs, formed from their primitives by regular and conftant analogy, or names of things feldom occur*
ring in books, or words of which I have reafon to doubt the exiftence.

There is more danger of cenfure from the multiplicity than paucity of examples ; authorities will
fomerimes feem to have been accumulated without necelTity or ufe, and perhaps fome will be found, which
might, without lofs, have been omitted. But a work of this kind is not haftily to be charged with
fuperfluities : thofe quotations, which to carelefs or unfkilful perufers appear only to repeat the fame
fenfe, will often exhibit, to a more accurate examinep, diverfities of fignification, or, at leaft, afford different
fhades of the fame meaning; one will lliew the word applied to perfons, another to things; one will ex-
prefs an ill, another a good, and a third a neutral fenfe j one will prove the exprefTion genuine from aft
ancient author ; another will fhew it elegant from a modern : a doubtful authority is corroborated by
another of more credit ; an ambiguous fentence is afcertained by a paflage clear and determinate ; the
word, how often foever repeated, appears with new affociates and in different combinations, and every quo-
tation contributes Ibmething to the ftability or enlargement of the language.

"When words are ufcd equivocally, I receive them in either fenfe ; when they are metaphorical, I adopt
them in their primitive acceptation.

1 hare fometimes, though rarely, yielded to the temptation of exhibiting a genealogy of fentiments, by
(hewing how one author copied the thoughts and diftion of another: fuch quotations are indeed little more
than repetitions, which might juftly be cenfured, did they not gratify the mind, by affording a kind of in-
telleftual hiftory.

The various fyntadlical ftruftures occurring in the examples have been carefully noted j the licence or
negligence with which many words have been hitherto ufed, has made our ftyle capricious and indeter-
minate ; when the different combinations of the fame word are exhibited together, the preference is readily
given to propriety, and I have often endeavoured to direfb the choice.

Thus have I laboured by fetding the orthography, difplaying the analogy, regulating the ftruftures, and
afceruining the fignification of Englijb words, to perform all the parts of a faithful lexicographer : but I

have

4

PREFACE.

have not ^ways executed my own fchernc, or fatisfied my own expeftations. The work, whatever proofs
of diligence and attention it may exhibit, is yet capable of many improvements: the orthography which
I recommend is ftill controvertible, the etymology which I adopt is uncertain, and perhaps frequently er-
roneous ; the explanations are fometimes too much contrafted, and fometimes too much difFufed, the
fignifications are diftinguiflied rather with fubtilty than fkill, and the attention is harafled with unneceflary
minutenefs.

The examples are too often injudicioufly truncated, and perhaps fometimes, I hope very rarely, alleged
in a miftaken fenfe ; for in making this colledlion I trufted more to memory, than, in a flate of difquiet and
embarraffinent, memory can contain, and purpofed to fupply at the review what was left incomplete in the
firft tranfcription.

'. Many terms appropriated to particular occupations, though neceffary and figniFxant, are undoubtedly
omitted ; and of the words moft ftudioufly confidered and exemplified, many fenfes have efcaped ob-
fervation.

Yet thefe failures, however frequent, may admit extenuation and apology. To have attempted
much is always laudable, even when the enterprize is above tiie ftrength that undertakes it : To reft
below his own aim is incident to every one whofe fancy is aftive, and whofe views are comprehenfive ;
nor is any man fatisfied with himfelf becaufe he has done much, but becaufe he can conceive httle-
When firft I engaged in this work, I refolved to leave neither words nor things unexamined, and pleafed
myfelf with a profpeft of the hours wiiich I ftiould revel away in feafts of literature, the obfcure
recefles of northern learning which I Ihould enter and ranfack, the treafures with which I expefted
every fearch into thofe neglected mines to reward my labour, and the triumph with which I ftiould dis-
play my acquifitions to mankind. When I had thus enquired into the original of words, I refolved to
Jhow likewife my attention to things ; to pierce deep into every fcience, to enquire the nature of every
fubftance of which I inferted the name, to limit every idea by a definition ftridly logical, and exhibit every
produftion of art or nature in an accurate defcription, that my book might be in place of all other di£tio-»
naries whether appellative or technical. But thefe were the dreams of a poet doomed at laft to wake a,
lexicographer. I foon found that it is too late to look for inftruments, when the work calls for execution,
and that whatever abilities I had brought to my tafk, with thofe I muft finally perform it. To deliberate
whenever I doubted, to enquire whenever I was ignorant, would have protracted the undertaking without
end, and, perhaps, without much improvement j for I did not find by my firft experiments, that what I
had not of my own was eafily to be obtained : I faw that one enquiry only gave occafion to another, that
book referred to book, that to fearch was not always to find, and to find was not always to be informed ;
and that thus to purfue perfection, was, like the firft inhabitants of Arcadia, to chafe the fun, which,
when they had reached the hill where he fcemed to reft, was ftill beheld at the fame diftance from them.

I then contraded my defign, determining to confide in myfelf, and no longer to folicit auxiliaries, which
produced more incumbrance than afTiftance : by this I obtained at leaft one advantage, diat I fet limits to
my work, which would in time be ended, though not completed.

Defpondency has never fo far prevailed as to deprefs me to negligence ; fome faults will at laft appear
to be the effeds of anxious diligence and perfevering aftivity. The nice and fubtle ramifications of
meanihg were not eafily avoided by a mind intent upon accuracy, and convinced of the necefllty of dif- ■
entangling combinations, and fcparating fimilitudes. Many of the diftinftions, which to common readers
appear ufelefs and idle, will be found real and important by men verfed in the fchool philofophy, without
which no dictionary can ever be accurately compiled, or fkilfully examined.

Some fenfes however there are, which, though not the fame, are yet fo nearly allied, that they are
often confounded. Moft men think indiftinftly, and therefore cannot fpeak-with exaftnefs ; and con-
fequently fome examples might be indifi^erently put to either fignification : this uncertainty is not to be
imputed to me, who do not form, but regifter the language ; who do not teach men how they fliould
think, but relate how they have hitherto exprelTcd their thoughts.

The imperfeft fenfe of fome examples I lamented, but could not remedy, and hope they will be com-
penfated by innumerable paffagfs fele£t':d with propriety, and preferred with exaftnefs -, fome Ihining
with fparks of imagination, and fome replete with treafures of wifdom.

The orthography and etymology, though imperfed, are not imperfect for want of care, but becaufe
care will oot always be fucccfsful, and recolk^iwn of iftformation coine too late for ufe.

Thai

P R E 1*' A. C E.

That many terms of art and manufafture are omitted, muft be frankly acknowledged ; bat for this
dcfcil I may boldly allege that it was unavoidable: I could not vifit caverns to learn the miner's
language, nor take a voyage to perfcdl my (kill in the dialed of navigation, nor vifit the warehoufes
of merchants, and fhops of artificers, to gain the names of wares, tools and operations, of which no
mention is found in books ; what favourable accident, or eafy enquiry brought within my reach, has
not been neglcdled ; but it had been a hopclefs labour to glean up words, by courting living informa-
tion, and contcfting with die fuUennefii of one, and the roughnefs of another.

To furnifli the academicians della Crujca with words of this kind, a feries of comedies called U
Tiera, or the Fair, was j^rofcflcdly written by Buonaroti; but I had no fuch afliftant, and therefore
was content to want wiiat they muft have wanted likewife, had they not luckily been fo fupplied.

Nor are all words which are not found in the vocabular)-, to be lamented as omiflions. Of the
laborious and mercantile part of* the people, the diflion is in a great meafure cafual and mutable ; many
of their terms are formed for fome temporary or local convenience, and though current at certain times
and places, are in others utterly unknown. This fugitive cant, which is always in a ftate of increafe cw
decay, cannot be regarded as any part of the durable materials of a language, and therefore muft be
differed to pcrifh with other things unworthy of prefervation.

Care -will fometimes betray to the appearance of negligence. He that is catching opportunities wliich
feldom occur, will fufFer thofe to pafe by unregarded, which he expefts hourly to return ; he that is fearch-
ing for rare and remote things, will negleft thofe that are obvious and familiar : thus many of the moft
common and curfory words have been inferted with little illuftration, becaufe in gathering the authorities,
I forbore to copy thofe which i thought likely to occur whenever they were wanted. It is remark-
able that, in reviewing my colleftion, I found the word Sea unexemplified.

Thus it happens, that in things difficult there is danger from ignorance, and in things eafy from
confidence ; the mind, afraid q{ greatnefs, and difdainful of littlenefs, haftily withdraws herfelf from
painful fearches, and pafles with fcornful rapidity over tafks not adequate to her powers, fometimes too
fecure for caution, and again too anxious for vigorous effort ; fometimes idle in a plain path, and fome-
times diftraftcd in labyrinths, and diflipated by different intentions.

A large work is difficult becaufe it is large, even though all its parts might fingly be performed with
facility ; where there are many things to be done, each muft be allowed its (hare of time and labour,
in the proportion only which it bears to the whole ; nor can it be expecfted, that the ftones which form
the dome of a temple, (hould be fquared and polilbed like the diamond of a ring.

Of the event of this work, for which, having laboured it with fo much application, I cannot but
have fome degree of parental fondnefs, it is natural to form conjedtures. Thofe who have been per-
fuaded to think well of my dcfign, will require that it (liould fix our language, and put a ftop to
thofe alterations which time and chance have hitherto been fuffered to make in it without oppofition.
"With this confequence I will confefs that I flattered myfelf for a while ; but now begin to fear that I
have indulged expectation which neither reafon nor experience can juftify. When we fee men grow old
»nd die at a certain time one after another, from century to ccn'^ury, we laugh at the elixir that promifcs
to prolong life to a thoufand years ; and with equal jultice may the lexicographer be derided, who
being alile to produce no example of a nation that has preferved their words and phrafcs from mutability,
ihall imagine tlut his didionary can embalm his language, and fecure it from corruption and decay,
that it is m his power to change fublunary nature, and clear the world at once from folly, vanity, and
^ffeftation^

With this hope, however, academies have been inftituted, to guard the avenues of dieir languages,
to retau» fugitives, and repulfe intruders -, but their vigilance and aftivity have iiitherto been vain ;
founds are too volatile and fubtile for legal reftraints ; to enchain fyllables, and to lafh the wind, are
equally the undertakings of pride, unwilling to meafure its'defires by its ftrc'ngch. The French language
Jias vifibly changed under the infpedion of the academy; the ftyle of Jmelot's tranfiation of father Paul
is obfcrved by Le Courayer to be un peu pajfe ; and no Italian will maintain, that the didion of any
modem writer is not perceptibly different from that of Boccacty Machiavel, or Caro.

Total and fudden transformations of a language feldom happen ; conqucfts and migrations are now
very /are .: but there arc other caufcs of change, which, tliough flow in their operation, and invifi-ble in

riieir

PRE FACE.

their progrefs, are perhaps as much Tuperiour to human refiftance, as the revolutions of the fky, or
intumefcence of the tide. Commerce, however neceflaiy, however lucrative, as it depraves the manners,
corrupts the language j they that have frequent intercourfe with ftrangers, to whom they endeavour to
accommodate themfelves, muft in time learn a mingled dialedt, like the jargon which ferves the traffickers
on the Mediterranean and Indian coafts. This will not always be confined to the exchange, the warehoufe,
or tlie port, but wi'l be communicated by degrees to other ranks of the people, and be at laft incorporated
with the current fpeech.

There are likewife internal caufes equally forcible. The language mod likely to continue long
without alteration, would be that of a nation raifed a little, and but a little, above barbarity, fecluded
from ftrangers, and totally employed in procuring the conveniencies of life ; either without books, or,
fike fome of 'the Mahometan countries, with very few : men thus bufied and unlearned, havuig only fucl>
words as common ufe requires, would perhaps long continue to exprefs the fame notions by the fame
figns. But no fuch conftancy can be expefted in a people polifhed by arts, and clafled by fubordination,
where one part of the community is fuftained and accommodated by the labour of the other. Thofe
who have much leifure to think, will always be enlarging the ftock of ideas; and every increafe of
knowledge, whether real or fancied, will produce new words, or combinations of words. When the
mind is unchained from neceflity, it will range after convenience ; when it is left at large in the fields
of fpeculation, it will fhifc opinions ; as any cuftom is difufed, the words that exprefled it muft perifti witli
it i as any opinion grows popular, it will innovate fpeech in the fame proportion as it altera praftice.

As by the cultivation of various fciences a language is amplified, it will be more furnifhed with*
words deflefted from their original fenfe ; the geometrician will talk of a courtier's zenith, or the
eccentrick virtue of a wild hero, and the phyfician of fanguine expedtations and phlegmatick delays.
Copioufnefs of fpeech will give opportunities to capricious choice, by which fome words will be pre-
ferred, and others degraded; vicifTitudes of fafhion will enforce the ufe of new, or extend the figrviftcatioa
of known terms. The tropes of poetry will make hourly encroachments, and the metaphorical will
become the current fenfe: pronunciation will be varied by levity or ignorance, and the pen muft
at length comply with the tongue ; illiterate writers will, at one time or other, by publick infatuation,
rife into renown, who, not knowing the original import of words, will ufe them with colloquial Ficen-
tioufnefs, confound diftinftion, and forget propriety. As politenefs increafes, fome cxpreffions will be-
confidcred as too grofs and vulgar for the delicate, others as too formal and ceremonious for the gav
and airy; new phrafes are therefore adopted, which muft, for the fame rcafons, be in time difmifleJ.
Swift, in his petty treatife on the Eng/ijh language, allows that new words muft fometimes be intro-
duced, but propofes that none fhould be fufFered to become obfolete. But what makes a word obfolete,
more than general agreement to forbear it ? and how ftiall it be continued, when it conveys an ofFenfivcr
idea, or recalled again into the mouths of mankind, when it has once become unfamiliar by difufe, and
unpleafing by unfamiliarity ?

There is another caufe of alteration more prevalent than any other, which yet ia the prelent ftate of the
world cannot be obviated. A mixture of two languages will produce a third diftinft from both, and
they will always be mixed, where the chief part of education, and the moft confpicuous accompliftiment,
is (kill in ancient or in foreign tongues. He that has long cultivated another language, will find its
words and combinations crowd upon his memory ; and hafte and negligence, refinement and affediation;,
will obtrude borrowed terms and exotick expre/Tions.

The great peft of fpeech is frequency of tranflation. No book was ever turned from one lanrgaage into-
another, without imparting fomething of its native idiom > this is the moft mifchievous and comprehen-
five innovation ; fingle words may enter by thoufands, and the fabrick of the tongue continue the fame ;
but new phrafeology changes much at once ; it alters, not the fingle ftones of the building, but the order
of the columns, if an academy fhould be eftablifhed for the cultivation of our ftyle, which I, who care
never wifh to fee dependance multiplied, hope the fpirit of Engiijb liberty will hinder or deftnoy, let them,
inftead of compiling grammars and didlionaries, endeavour, with all their influence, to flop the licence of
tranflators, whofe idlenefs and ignorance, if it be fuffered to proceed, will reduce us ta babble a diaJeit
of France.

If the changes that we fear be thus irrefiftible, what remains bat to acquiefce with filence, as in the other
infurmountable diftrefTes of humanity ? It remains that we retard what we cannot repel, that we palliate
what we cannot cure. Life may be lengthened by care, though death cannot be ultimately defeated?

. . 5 t<>ngues*

PREFACE.

tongues, like governments, have a natural tendency to degeneration i wc have long prefcrved our confti-
tution, let us make feme ftruggles for our language.

In hope of giving longevity to that which its own nature forbids to be immortal, I have devoted this
book, the labour of years, to the honour of my country, that we may po longer yield the palm of philology,
without a conteft, to the nations of the continent. The chief glory of every people arifes from its au-
thors : whether I fhall add any thin^ by my own writings to the reputation of Englijh literature, muft be •
left to time : much of my life has been loft under the preflures of difeafe ; much has been trifled away ;
and much has always been fpent in provifion for the day that was paffing over me ; but I fliall not think ,
my employment ufelefs or ignoble, if by my afliftance foreign nations, and diftant ages, gain accefs to
the propagators of knowledge, and underftand the teachers of truth j if my labours afford light to die
repofitorics of fcience, and add celebrity to Bacon, to Hooker, to Milion, and to Btyle.

When I am animated by this wi(h, I look with pleafure on my book, however defeftive, and deliver
it to the world with the fpirit of a man that has endeavoured welL That it will immediately become
popular I have not promifed to myfelf : a few wild blunders, and rifible abfurdities, from which no work
of fuch multiplicity was ever free, may for a time furnifh folly with laughter, and harden igrwrance in
contempt ; but ufeful diligence will at laft prevail, and there never can be wanting fome who diftinguilh
defert; who will confider that no didtionary of a living tongue ever can be perfecl, fince while it is haftcn-
ing to publication, fome words are budding, and fome falling away ; that a whole life cannot be fpent upon
fyntax and etymology, and that even a whole life would not be fufficient j that he, whofe dcfign includes
•whatever language can exprefs, muft often fpeak of what he does not underftand ; that a writer will
fometimes be hurried by eagcrnefs to the end, and foraetimes faint with wcarinefs under a talk, which
Scaliger compares to the labours of the anvil and the mine ; that what is obvious is not always known,
and what is known is not always prefent ; tliat fudden fits of inadvertency will furprize vigilance, fligJTt
avocations will feduce attention, and cafual eclipfes of the mind will darken learning ; and that the writer
lliall often in vain trace his memory at the moment of need, for that which yefterday he knew with intui-
tive rcadinefs, and which will come uncalled into his thoughts to-morrow.

In this work, when it fliall be found that much is omitted, let it not be forgotten that much likewifc
IS performed ; and though no book was ever fpared out of tendcrnefs to the author, and the world is
little folicitous to know whence proceeded the faults of that which it condemns ; yet it may gratify curio-
fity to inform it, that the Englijh DiHionary was written with little affiftance of the learned, and without
any patronage of the great ; not in the foft obfcuriries of retirement, or under the flicker of academick
bowers, but amidft inconvenience and diftraftion, in ficknefs and in forro\y. It may reprefs the triumph
of malignant criticifm to obferve, that if our language is not here fully difplayed, I have only failed in an
attempt which no human powers have hitherto completed. If the lexicons of ancient tongues, now im-
mutably fixed, axid comprized in a few volumes, be yet, after the toil of fucceffive ages, inadequate and
delufive ; if the aggregated knowledge, and co-operating diligence of the Italian academicians, did not
fecure them from the cenfu.'-e of Beni ^ if the embodied criticks of France-, when fifty years had been
fpent upon their work, were obliged to change its ceconomy, and give their fecond edition another form,
I may furcly be contented without the pr?tifc of perfection, which, if I could obtain, in this gloom of fo-
litude, what would it avail me? I have jirotrafted my work till moft of thofe whom I wiScd to pleafc
have funk into the grave, and fuccefs and mifcarriage are empty founds ; I therdbre Jifmifs it with frigid
tranquillity, having little to fear or hope fcom cenfure or from praifc.

THE

/

THE

HISTORY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

THOUGH ihe Britains or Weljh were the
firft pofleflbrs of this ifland, whofe names
are recorded, and are therefore in civil hif-
tory always confidered as the predeceflbrs of the
prelent inhabitants; yet the dedu6lion of the Eng-
lijh language, from the earlieft times of which we
have any knowledge to its prefent Hate, requires
no mention of them: for we have fo few words
which can, with any probability, be referred to Bri-
tijh roots, that we juftly regard the Saxom and fVe'Jh
as nations totally diftindl. It has been conjedlured,
that when the Saxons feized this country, they fuf-
fered the Britains to live among them in a ftate of
vaflalage, employed in the culture of the ground,
and other laborious and ignoble fervices. But it is
fcarctly poffible, that a nation, however depreflcd,
fhould have been mixed with another in confidcr-
able numbers without fome communication of their
tongue, and therefore, it may, with great reafon, be
imagined, that thofe, who were not fheltered in the
mountains, pcriihed by the fword.

The whole fabrick and fcheme of the Englifl}
language is Golhick or Teutonick : it is a dialeft of
that tongue, which prevails over all the northern
countries of Europe^ except thofe where the Scla-
vonian is fpokcn. Of thefe languages Dr. Hickes
has thus exhibited the genealogy.

G O T H I C K,

Anglo-Saxon, Francick,

Dutch German.

Frifick,

tnglifh,

Vol. I.

CiMBRICK,
' " »

Idandick,
Norwegian,
Swedifli,
Danifli.

Of the Cothick, the only monument remaining
is a copy of the gofpels fomewhat mutilated, which,
from the filver with which the charaders are adorn-
ed, is called the^Iver bock. It is now preferved at
Upfal, and having been twice publiihed before, has
been lately reprinted at Oxford, under the infpec-
tion of Mr. Lye, the editor of Junius. Whether
the didtion of this venerable manufcript be purely
Gothick, has been doubted j it feems however to
exhibit the moft ancient dialed now to be found of
the Teutonick race ; and the Saxon, which is the
original of the prefent Englijh, was either derived
from it, or both have defcended from fome com-
mon parent.

What was the form of the Saxon language, when,
about the year 450, they firft entered Britain, can-
not now be known. They feem to have been a
people without learning, and very probably with-
out an alphabet ; their fpeech, therefore, having
been always curfory and extemporaneous, muft
have been artlefs and unconnefted, without any
modes of tranfition or involution of claufes; which
abruptnefs and inconnedion may be obferved even
in their later writings. This barbarity may be
fuppofed to have continued during their wars with
the Britains, which for a time left them no leifurc
for fofter ftudics; nor is there any reafon for fup-
pofing it abated, till the year 570, whei) Augujline
came from Rome to convert them to Chriftianity.
The Chriftian religion always implies or produces
a certain degree of civility and learning; they
then became by degrees acquainted with the Ro-
man language, and ib gained, from time to time,
fome knowledge and elegance, till in three centu-
ries they had formed a language capable of ex-
prefling all the fentimcnts of a civilifcd people, as
c appears

THE HISTORY OF THE

appears by k'ng Alfreds paraphrafe or imitation of CAP. II.

Bcethius, and his Ihort preface, which I have fe- ^^ ^^^^ , ^ ,^. ^^^^ lurr'jcnlice ronr.

Icdtcd as the firft fpecimcn of ancient EngUJb. ^^ ^^^^^ ^^ heopienoe j-in^in. ■] mit) j-pi ur^cpa-

t)um pojitJum jcferran. |)cah ic jeo npilum je-

C A P. I. coplice puntie, ac ic nu pepenfce ^ 5ij-cierit?e op

>cx L ' T;cnat»rii pont>a mirpo. me ablentsan bar unxer-

/-\N «a;pe ribe fe Doran op 8iSSiu mrrj^e j^^.^ j^j ,j,^_ ^ ^^ 1,^ ponleran^-pa

^-^ pi)7 Komana jiice jepin upahoron. •] mi]? hi,„^ne on |7i)^ Dinime hoi. Bx bepeapoCon

heopa cynin^um. Rxbjora ant) eallepica pxjioii j^i^ene luprba-nnerre pa Sa ic hun a-pne berrr

harne. Romane bupij abparcon. anb eall Iralia ^p^pp^e. Ba pentjon hi me heopa bxc ro anD me

jiice jJ ip berpux )7am munrum •] Sici'ia ^am ^^,^ ^^„^^ p^omjepiran. To phon pceolmi la

ealonT5e m anpaib jepehron. -^ fa je^rep Jam j^,^^^ pnient) reTTan bsr ic Terjch-r men pa:ne.

popepppecenan cyninjum Deot)pic peiij ro f am ,,^ ,^^ 5,^^,^ xepiEhr re Se on 6am Teralbum

ilcan pice, j-e Deobpic pa.-p Amulmja. he pasp ^uphpuman ne mor:-

Epipren. feah he on f am Appianipcan jetjpolan . *

Suphpunot>e. pe ^eher Romanum hir ppeont>- CAP. HI.
rcine. ppa •* hi morran heopi ealt)pihra pypbe , ^ , , \cr^
beon. Ac he ba xehar ppiSe ypele selspre. DA ic fa Sip leoj?. cpa^SBoerIlIp.3eomplent)e■
^ ppiSe ppabe Teenl>ot)e mib mancTum mane, apun^en hreptse. «a com ?iajp jan in ro me heo-
•« pir ro eacan ofpum unapimet)um yplum. f he F^^cunt) pipt)om. •] -p min miipnentse COot) mit>
lohannep bone papan her opplean. Da y.vy pum hippopbum jejperre. T flip cpasf . ^u ne eapr
conpul. -p pe heperoha haraf . Boeriup y^y f " f^ »""" )'* "" "i'"r& F^le pa?pe apet) •] ^e-
haren. re yxr in boccpreprum -j on popult) lappet). Ac hponon pupt)efu mm fippum popult>
bcapumpepihrpirepra. 8e Sa onrear f a manij- FPS""! f^r TP'l'e jeppencet). buron ic par f
pealmn ypel fe re cynin3 Deojpic pif f am f u hteppr Sapa pxpna ro hpaf e pop^iren 6e ic
fcpiprenantjome ^ pif fam Romanipcum piriim fe aep pealne. Da clipot)e pe pipt)om •] cpsf.
tjyoe. he b a •remunt5e «apa ef neppa -j f apa e.il- Depiraf nu apipjet^e popult) popja op minep
DpihraSehiunr)epSamEarepumhaspt>onheopa f^S^nep C0ot5e. popfam Te pinb fa maspraa
ealT>hlapopt5Lim. Da onran he pmeajan -] leopni- pceafan. Ljeraf hme epr hpeoppan ro mmiim
ran on him j-elpum hu he j5pice 'Sam unpihrpipan iapum. Da eot)e pe pij-tjom neap, cpref Boeriup.
cy-niHTe apeppan mihre. •] on pyhr ^eleappul- minum hpeoppienTJan jefohre. •] hir ppa mopolil
pa anb on pihrpippa anpaib jebpmjan. 8ent5e ^ip^'^ hpeja upapst)e. at)pi3be fa minenep
fa biTelhce spenbreppiru ro fam Eapepe ro COot)ep eajan. ant) hir ppan bhf urn popuim.
tonpranrinopohm. fsp ip Upeca heah bupj ^ hpsfep hir oncneope hip poprepmotjop. mit>
heopa cyneprol. pop fam pe Daj-epe psep heopa ^am fe Sa f COob pif bepent>e. 6a ^ecneop hir
ealbhlapopt) cynnep. ba^bon hine f.-er he him ro rP'?^ ppeorele hip ajne mot)op. -p pasp pe pip-
heopa Epiprent)ome ■] ro heopa ealopihrum je- ^^m fe •'r^ ^anje asp rybe ■] la^poe. ac hir on-
pulrumebe. Da -f onrear pe paslhpeopa cyninj ^ear hip lape ppife roropenne •] ppif e robpo-
Deobpic. «a hjer he hine jebpinjanon capcepne cenne mit) tjypijpa honbum. ■] hine fa ppan hu
■] frp mne belucan. Da lur 6a jelomp -p je f jepupbe. Da ant)ppypt)e pe pipbom him 7
appypSa psep on ppa m'celpe neapaneppe be- pa:be. •^ hip jmjpan htepbon hine ppa roropenne.
com. fa yxr he ppa micle ppi6op on hip COot)e P^P- fa^J^ hi reohhot)on f hi hine eallne habban
rebpepeb. ppa hip CDo» xp. ppi6on ro f im pceotoon. ac hi 3e3at5epu6 monipealb toypij on
popult) pa f um unjepot) pa:p. -] he 6a nanpe ]p^'?^ poprp'upunja. -j on fam jilpe buran heopa
ppoppe be innan fam capcepne ne jemunbe. ac hpelc epr ro hype bore jecippe:-
he jepeoll nipol op t>une on fa plop. •] hine -phis' may perhaps be confidered as a fpecimen
aprpehre ppife unpor. anb opmob hine pelpne of the Saxcn in its higheft ftatc of purity, for here
pon^an pepan ^ fup pingenbe cpef , are fcarcciy any words borrowed from the Roman

dialeds.

Of

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Of the follov/ing verfion of the gofpels the age
is not certainly known, but it was probably writ-
ten between the time of /IlfreJ and that of the Nor-
man conqueft, and therefore may properly be in-
ferted here.

Tranflations fcldom afford juft fpecimehs of a
language, and ieaft of all thofe in which a fcrupu-
lous and verbal interpretation is endeavoured, be-
caufe they retain the phrafeology and ftrufture of

L UC^, Cap. I.

TJ^ ORD^QD pe: pirot)lice maneji Jjohron jjapa
jiiinja jiace 5e-ent)eby_pt>an pe: on uy ^epyl-
]et)e f ynt:.

' 2 Spa uy bershrun pz Se hir oj? pfiymSe
Tcppon. aiib jjtjie j'pjiarce j^enaj- prejion.

3 OOe j;e]7uhre [o_p-pylijt)e pjiom pjauma]
jeojiniice eallum. [miS] enoebyptinej'j'e pjiiran
fee. pu 'Se j'eluj'ra Theophilup

4 D.er ]ju oncnape f»apa popt)a yo'SfXfTn&jje.
op ):'am 'Se j?u jel^ejiet) eapr:-

5 On ^ejiooep Oajum lutJea cynmcjej-. pjep
piim pacejit) on naman Zachajiiap op Sbian rune.
3 hip pip psep op Sajionep Oohrjium. ant) hype
nama pa?p Glizaberh:-

6 SoSiice hij pasjxon buru pihtrpipe bepojaan
Ifu'De. j.injentie on eallum hip bebot>um ■] jiihr-
pipneppuni buran pjiohre:-

7 Ant5 hij nEejOon nan beapn. pojifjam ^e
eiizaberh p{ep unbej\ent)e. •] hy on hyjia Oagum
buru jojiSeotJun:-

8 SoSlice p3ep jepojiben pa. Zachapiap hyp pa-
cept);iatiep bpeacon hip jeppixlepentiebyjiDneppe
bepopan Eot)e.

9 iEprep jeponan ptey paceptihaioep hlorep.
he eot)e f he hip opppunje perre, Sa he on
Cot5ep rempel eobe.

ID Gall pepot) pxy polcep pasp ure 3ebit)t)ent)e
on Jjjepeopppunjenman:-

1 1 Da asryptie him Dpihrnep enjel prant)ent>e
on pxy peopobep ppiSpan healpe.

12 Di peapt) Zachapiap jetspepet) f S^f^'
ont5e. ~] him ere onhpeap:-

1 3 Da cpa;S pe enjel him ro. Ne onttpret) pu
Se Zachapiap. popj;am Jjin ben ip jehypet). ■]
j;in pip eiizaberh pe: punu cen^. ant) ]ju nempr
hyp naman lohannep.

14 ■] he byS pc ro jepean ■] ro blippe. •]
maneja on hyp acennebneppe jepajniaS:-

15 SuSIice he byS m.tpe bepopan Dpihrne.
anb he ne topincSpin ne beop. •] lie biS -s^epyllet)
on halijum Dapre. );onne jyr op hip motiop in-
r.oSe.

1 6 Snb maneja Ippahela beapna he jecypS ro
Dpihrne iiypa Dobc.

6 17 Snb

the original tongue; yet they have often this con-
venience, that the fame book, being tranflated in
different ages, affords opportunity of marking the
gradations of change, and bringing one age into
comparifon with another. For this purpofe I have
placed the Saxon verfion and that of Wickliffe, writ-
ten about the year 1380, in oppofite columns, be-
caufe the convenience of eafy collation feems greater
than that of regular chronology.

LUK, Chap. L

"IN the dayes of Eroude kyng of Judee ther was a
■*■ preft Zacarye by name : of the fort of Abia, and
his wyf was of the doughtris of Aaron : and hir
name was Elizabeth.

2 An bothe weren jufte bifore God : goynge in
alle the maundementis and juftifyingis of the Lord
withouten playnt.

3 And thei hadden no child, for Elizabeth was
bareyn and bothe weren of greet age in her dayes.

4 And it bifel that whanne Zacarye fchould do
the office of prcfthod in the ordir of his courfe to
fore God.

5 Aftir the cuftom of the prefthod, he wente
forth by lot and entride into the temple to encenfen.

6 And at the multitude of the puple was with-
out forth and preyede in the our of encenfying.

7 And an aungel of the Lord appcride to him:
and flood on the right half of the auter of en-
cenfe.

8 And Zacarye feynge was afrayed : and dredc
fcl upon him.

9 And the aungel fayde to him, Zacarye drede
thou not: for thy preier is herd, and Elizabeth
thi wif fchal here to thee a fone: and his name fchal
be clepid Jon.

10 And joye and gladyng fchal be to thee: and
manye fchulen have joye in his natyvyte.

1 1 For he fchal be great bifore the Lord : and
he fchal not drinke wyn ne fydyr, and he fchal be
fulfild with the holy goft yit of his modir wombe.

12 And he fchal converte manye of the children
of Ifrael to her Lord God.

13 And

THE HISTORY OF THE

58 -] hype nehchebupaj- •} hyjie cu^an f je-
hyptxjn. -p Dpihren hij^ nult>-heoprne)-)-e nut)
hype m.TppJt)e -j hij mit) hype blij-)roDon:-

59 Di <'n bam ehreo^an tjsje 1115 comon j)
ciIt> yir.bj-nifean. ant) ncmt>on hir.e hij- jrrcCep
naman Zachapiam:-

60 Da ant5ppapot>e hi)' mot)op. Ne y& yo'Sty.
ac he bib lohanner jenemnet):-

61 Da cpstx)n.hi ro hype. Nijr nan on j:inpe
ma j^e |-yppum naman jenemnet):-

6a Da bicnobon hi ro hif pttiep. hysfc he
poIt>e hyne jenemneDne beon:-

63 pa ppar he5ebet)enum pex-bpebe. lohan-
nejr hiy nama. 6a punOpoCon hij ealle:-

64 Da peapS fona hiif muS ■] hij" runje je-
openoo. •] he ]-ppasc. Dpihren blerpjenoe:-

65 Di. peap'^ eje 5epopt)en opep ealle hypa
nehchebupaj". ant) opep ealle Iut>ea munr-lant>
p.Epon y^Y poptJ 5epib;ii£eppot)e.

66 ■] ealle pa be hir jehyptx>n. on hypa heop-
ran j-errun ■] cprebon. penp: Su hpsr byS jjejf
cnapa. pirot)lice Dpihrnej" hant) pasp mit) him:-

67 Ant) Zachapiap hiy )::ast)ep pasp mit> hale-
jum tjapre jepyllet). •] be pirejotJe anb cyse.'S.

68 Deb!erj-ut) py Dpihren Ippahela Got), pop-
])jm ]:ehe jeneopuCe. "3 hip polcep alypetjneppe
tjytje.

6g Snt) he up hcele hopn apxpbe on Dauit»ep
hope hip cnihrep,

70 Spa he pppsEC ])uph hip halejpa pirejena
muS. |Ja Se op poplt)ep ppym Se ppprecon.

71 •] he alypCe up op iipum peont)um. anb op
ealpa Jjapa hant)a ^e up harebon,

yi COilt)-heoprneppe ro pypcenne mit) upum
paetjepum. ■] Temunan hip halejan cy'Sneppe.

73 ^yne uy ro pyllenne jjone aS jje he upum
pa;t)ep Sbpahame fpop.

74 D.Er pe buraii eje. op upe peonDa hant)a
alypebe. him )?eopian

75 On halijneppe bepopan him eallum upum
toajum:- •

76 SnT) pu cnapa bipt: J)acp hehpran pireja
jenemneb. J?u jaepr bepopan Dpihrnep anpyne.

77 '1 o pyllene hip poke haele jepic on hypa '
pynna popTypneppe.

78 Duph inno^ap upep Eot)ep milt)-heopr-
neppe. on Jjam he up jeneoputje op eaprbasle
up-pypinjenoe.

79 Onlyhran J>am p& on )yprpiim "} on tieaSep
pceabe pirraS. upe per ro jepeccenne on pibbe

80 Soolice pe cnapa peox. •;] pasp on japre
jeprpanjot). -] p«p on peprenum 00 jjone X)x-^
hyp ierypeOneppum on Ippahel:-

6

54 And the neyghbouris and cofyns of hir
herdcn that the Lord hadde magnyfied his mercy
with hir, and ihci thankiden him.

55 And it was doon in the eightithe day tl>ei
camen to circunifide the child, .nrd thei clepiden
him Zacarye by the name of his fad:r.

56 And his modir anfweridc and fcide, nay,
but he fchal be clepid Jon.

57 And thci fciden to hir, for no man is in tht
kyndrede that is dtpid this name.

58 And thei bikcnydcn to his fadir, what he
wolde that he were clepid.

59 And heaxinge a poyntel wroot feyinge, Jon
is his name, and allc men wondridcn.

60 And annoon his mouth was openyd and his
tunge, and he fpak and blcffide God.

61 And drede was maad on all hir neighbouris,
and all the wordis wercn puplifchid on aile the
mounteynes of Judee.

62 And alle men that hcrden puttiden in her
herte, and feiden what manner child fchal this be,
for the bond of the Lord was with him.

63 And Zacarye his fadir was fulfiUid with the
holy Goft, and profcciede and feide.

64 Bleffid be the Lord God of Ifrael, for he has
vifitid and maad redempcioun of his puple.

6g And he has rered to us an horn of helthe in
the hous of Dauith his child.

66 As he fpak by the mouth of hife holy pro*
phetis that weren fro the world.

67 Helth fro oure enemyes, and fro the hond of
alle men that hatiden us.

68 To do merfy with oure fadris, and to have
mynde of his holy teftament.

69 The grete ooth that he fwoor to Abraham our
fadir,

70 To geve himfelf to us, that we without
drede delyvered fro the hond of our enemyes ferve
to him,

71 In holynefTe and rightwifncfle before him,
in alle our dayes.

72 And thou child fchalt be clepid the profete of
the highede, for thou fchalt go before the face of
the Lord to make redy hife weycs.

73 To geve fcicncc of heelth to his puple into
remiffioun of her fynncs.

74 By the inwardenefs of the merfy of oure God,
in the which he fpringyng up fro on high hath
vifued us.

75 To g^v^ ^'ght to them that fitten in dark-
reffis, and in fchadowe of dceth, to drefTe our feet
into the weye of pecsj

76 And the child wexide, and was confortid in
fpiryt, and was in dcfert placis till to the day of his •
fthcwing to Yfrael.

Of

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Of the Siixoft poetry fome fpecimen is neceflary,
though our ignorance of the laws of their metre and
the quantities of their fyllables, which it would be
very dillicult, perhaps impoflible, to recover^ ex-
cludes us from that pleakire which the old bards
undoubtedly gave to their contemporaries.
■I The firfl: poetry of the Saxons was without rhyme,
anJ confcqoently muil have depended upon the
quantity of their fyllables ; but they began in time
to imitate their neighbours, and clofe their verfes
with correfpondent founds.

The two paflages, whicli I have felcfted, contain
apparently the rudiments of our prefent lyrick mea-
fures, and the writers may be juftly confidered as
the genuine anceftors of the Englijh poets.

^e mai him fojte at)jiet)en,

Da^r he Sanne ojre bitit)e ne mujen^

Uoji -^ bihmpeS dome.

^s; If pi]" f bir ant> bore

Ant) ber biuojien bome.

DeaS com on Sij- mitielajit)

DujaS 'Sxy Oeplej" ont>e,

"RnXi j*enne ant» foj^e ant) ij'pinc.

On J"e ant) on lont)e.

Ic am eltiep. Sanne ic pe|",

A pinrjie ■] ec a lope.

Ic ealtii mope Sanne ic t)et)e,

ODi pir ojlire ro bi mope.
8e ■^ hine )-elue uopjer,

Uop piue oj:ep uop chilt»e.

J)e ]-al comen on euele jretie*

Bure jot) him bi milt)e.
Ne hopie pip ro hipe Yt\ity

Ne pepe ro hip piue.

Bi pop him pelue eupich man,

Daep pile he bieS aliue.
' Gupich man mit) j5 he haueS,

ClDai bejjen heuepiche.

Se Se leppe ~] pe oe mope,

^epe aitiep iliche.

^euene ant) epSe he oueppie^,

^ip ejhen biS pulbpihr.

Sunne ~] mone ■] alle preppen,

BieS Sieprpe on hip lihre.
^e por hper SencheS ant) hper DoJ>,

Alle quike pihre.

Nip no louepT) ppich ip xipr,

Ne no kinj ppich ip t)pihre.
^euene -] epSe -j all Sar ip,

Biloken ip on hip hont)e.

^e t)eS ai ■f hip pille ip.

On pea ant) ec on lonCe.
^e ip opt) alburen opt)e,

T^nt) ent)e alburen eiit)e.

pe one ip eupe on eche pret)e,

Ulent>e pep Su pentJe.

pe ip buuen up ant) bineSen,
Biuopen ant) ec bihint).
8e man •f jotiep pille t)eS,
pie mai hine aihpap uint)e.

eche pune he ihep'S,
Snt) por eche tietje.
pe Suph pixS echep iSanc,
lUai hpar pel up ro ]\.€o&.

8e man neupe nele t)on T;ot),
Ne neupe jot) lip let)en.
Gp t)eS •] t)om come ro hip t)upe,
pe mai him pope at)pet)en.

punjep ■] Suppr here •] chele,
GcSe ant) all unhel'Se.
£5uph t)eS com on ^ip mit)elapt),
Hnt) oSep unipelSe.

Ne mai non hepre hir ijjenche,
Ne no runje relle.
pu muchele pinum ant) hu uele,
BieS inne helle.

Louie Dot) mit) upe hiepre.
!Snt) mit) all upe mihre.
!Snt) upe emcpiprene ppo up pelp,
8po up lepeS t)pihre.

8ume Sep habbeS leppe mepjSe,
Snt) pume Sep habbeS mope,
ech eprep San -^ he t)et)e,
eprep -^ he ppanc pope.

Ne pel Sep bi bpet) ne pin,
Ne oj;ep kennep epre.
Dot) one pel bi echep lip,
Snt) blipce ant) eche pepre.

Ne pal Sap bi pcere ne pcputs, ■*
Ne poplfcep pele none.
"Kc pi mepjjje •^ men up bihar,
"KW pall ben jot) one.

Ne mai no mepjj^e bi ppo muchel,
8po ip jotjep ipihSe.
pi ip poj) pune ant) bpihr,
Hnt» t)ai Dure nihre.

E)s:\i ip pele bure pane,
7?nt) pepre buren ippinche.
8e ■f mai ant) nele Set)ep come,
Sope hir pel uopSenche,

Dep ip blipce buren rpeje,
"Knt) lip buren t)eaSe.
Der eupe pullen punie Sep,
BliSe hi bie]) ant) eaSe.

Dep ip jeujej^e buren eltie,
!Snt) elt)e buren unheljje.
Nip Sep popje ne pop non,
Ne non unipelSe.

Dep me pel t)pihren ipen,
8po ape he ip mit) ipippe.
pe one mai ant) pel al bien,
Giijlep ant) mannep blipce.

To

*rHE HISTORY OF THE

To ^ape blij-ce oj* bpinj 30T),
Per pixett buren ence.
Danrie he upe piula unbinr,
Ojr lichamlice bent>. -

Cpipr jeue uf lel)e fpich lijr,
Snt) habbe j-pichiie ent)e.
♦)cr pe moren Sit5ep cumeii,
Danne pe hennej* pentje.

About the year 1 150, the S.-ixoh began to take a
form in which the beginning of the prefent Englijh
may be plainly difcovcrcd ; this cliange I'eems not to
have been the cffcdl of the Norman conqucft, for
very few French words are found to have been in-
troduced in the firft hundred years after it; the
language mud therefore have been altered by caufes
like thofe which, nottwithltanding the care of writers
and focieties InQituted to obv'ute them, are even
now daily making innovations in every living lan-
guage. I have exhibited a fpecimen of the lan-
guage of this age from the year 1 1 35 to 1 140 of the
Saxon chronicle, of which the latter part was ap-
parcritly written near the time to which it relates.

Dip jsepe pop Jtc kmj 8rephne opep pjc ro
Nopmant)!. ~\ Jjcp pep unt^ep-pan^en. popSi -f
hi pent)en -^ he pciiltx ben alpuic aipe jje com y^Y'
-\ pop he hat)t»e jer hip rjiepop. ac he ro t5elt)
ir -] pcarepet) poriicc. ODicel hat)t>e ^cnpi kinj
jatsenet) 30IT) -j pyluep. ant) na jot? ne t>it)e me
pop hir paule );ap op. Da be kmj Srephne ro
enjIa-IanO com \>a macot) lie hip jabepinj asr
Oxene-popt). 1 bap he nam be bipcop Rojep op
8epcp-bepi. ■] SlexanTsep oipcop op Lincoln.
"] re Hancelep Rojep hipe neuep. •] t)it»s lelie
in ppipun. ril hi japen up hepe caprlep. Da jje
puikep unt5ep5£eron jJ he miltx man j^ap •] popre
"3 jot). -} na jupcipe ne t)it)e. j^a t)it)en hi alle
punt)ep. pi hat)ben him manpet) maket> ant)
a^p puopen. ac hi nan rpeuSc ne heolt)en. alle
he pspon pop ppopen. •] hepe rpeoSep pop-
lopcn. pop ffupic pice man hip caprlep makete
antj ajaioep him heolticn. ant) pylDen j^e lant) pull
op caj-rU-p. ^1 puencren pui^c )?e ppccce men
op I?'* lant) mit) caprcl-peopcep. j^a ))e caprltp
papen makit). \i j:ylt)en hi mit) t)eou'ep ant)yuele
mtn. Da namen hi J^a men J7e hi pentitn ^ am
jot) he):t)en. ba& be r.ihrep ?.nt) be t).Tipp. capl-
m n ■] pimmen. ant) t)it);n hcom in jpipun eprep
jolt) ant) pyluep. -] pmcb heom un-rellcnt5!ice
pininj. pop n p!Fpen nasupe nan maprypp ppa
pinct) alpi- hi ptcpon. COe henjet) up bi |)c per
ant) pmoket) hcom mit) pul pmoke. me henjet)
"bi j)t- jjumbrp. o^ep bijie hcpet). -] ■ cnjen bpynijep
on hep per. OQe bitie cnorret) prpen ji p aburon
hepe iisuet). -j uupySen ro j5 ir TEt)e ro j?
hxpnep. pi t)it)cn heom in quaprejxnc pap natipep

•3 pnakep ■] pibep pscpon mne. ■] bpapen heom
ppj. 8umc hi t)it)en in cpucer hup. ■^ ip in an
cepre jJ pap pcopr •] napeu. •] un t)ep. •] t)it>e
pcfeppe rranep fiep inne. •] ppenjt)e J)e man \>x^
inne. jJ ni bp^^con alle ^t limep. In mam op j)e
caprk-p pa?pon lop -j jpT. -JJ ps.pon pachenrejep'
■jj rpa o^ep J)pe men hatiben onoh ro bjepon
onne. -f pap ppa macet) j5 ip pjeprnet) ro an
beom. •] t)it)en an pcjepp ipen aburon }pi mannep
l^pore ■] hip halp. -jJ he ne mihre nopit)eppapt)ep
ne pirren. ne lien, ne plepen. oc bjepon at jJ ipen.
COani ])upen hi bpapen mit) hunja?p. J ne canne.
•] ne mai rellen alle j)e puntiep, ne alle fe pinep -f
hi t)it)en ppecce men on hip lant). •] ■;p lapretoe |:'a
XIX. pmrpe pile Srephne pap kinj. -\ asupe ir pap
uueppe ant) uueppe. pi lasit)enj^iit)ep on j^e
runep jeupeu pile. -] clepetjen ir renpepie. pa
|)e ppecce men ne hat)t)en nan mopero jiuen. |ja
p£uet)en hi ant) bpent)on alle ]?€ runep. -f pel pu
mihrep papen all aoaeip pape pcult)ej-r j^u neupe
pint)en man in rune pirrentje. ne lant) rilet). Da
pap copn baspe. *] plec. ~\ ctepe. ■] burepe pop
nan ne pjep o |)e lant). Ujpecce men prupuen op
hunjsep. pume jcben on aelmep pe papen pum
pile pice men. pum plujen ur op lantie. lUep
nasupe jasr mape ppeccehet) on lant). ne nasupe
he'^en men peppe ne t)it)en pan hi t)it)en. pop
ouep piSon ne pop-bapen hi nouSep cipce. ne
cypce-ijept). oc nam al |?e jot> f j^ap inne pap.
~] bpentJcn pySen |7e cypce •] alrejst)epe. Ne hi
ne pop-bapen bipcopep lant). ne abborep. ne
ppeoprep. ac pasueben munecep. -3 clepckep. ■]
afupic man o^ep |7e ouep myhre. Dip rpa men
oSep jjpe coman piticnt) ro an run. al jje run-
pcipe piujain pop heom. penben -f hi prepon
psuepcp. De bipcopep -] lepet) meh heom cup-
iftT>c a;upe. oc pap heom nahr j^ap op. pop hi
pa?pon all pop-cupj-set) -3 pop-puopen -3 pojiiopen.
map pjE me rilct)e. J)e epSe ne bap nan copn. pop
]je lant) pap all popbon mit» puilce t)aEt)ep. -3 hi
pnEt)en openlice -f Lpij-r p!ep. -3 hip halechen. 8uilc
•3 mape Jeanne pe cunnen pajin. pe ]iolent)en xix.
pinrpe pop upe pinnep. On al pip yucle rime
hcolt) ClDaprm abbor hip abborpice xx. pinrep
■3 halp Jsp. T VIII. t)aE'ip. mit) micel puinc. -3
pant) |-e munekep. -3 re jej-rep al ■^ heom behouet).
•3 heolb mycel capireb in rhe hup. ant) |7oS pe-
£epe ppohre on |ie cipce -3 perre j?ap ro lanbep -3
penrtp. -3 jottt) ir puy^c ant) Isr ir pepen. ant)
bpohre htom inro ]:e neps mynprpe on p. Pcrpep
niaype-t)a:i mib micel puprpcipe. f pap anno ab
incapnarione Dom. mcxl. a combuprione loci
XXIII. Knt) he pop ro Rome -3 ]i)^^ pa?p pasl
unt)ep-p.in5fn ppam |7e Pape Gujenie. -3 bejjer
rbape ppiuilejiep. an op alle \>c lanticp op pabbor-
pice. -3 an oSep op ])e lanSep ])e lien ro \>t cipce-
pican. -3 jip he lenj mopre liuen. aIpe he minr

CO

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

ro T)on op f>e hojibeji-pycan, "Knt) he bejjcr m j'pac pib Robbejit eojil ^ pib f»empejMce anb|-pofi

lantjer -p jtice men heptien mit) yvjien-^pe. op heom aSaj-'iphe neujiema mib rekinjhij" bjio^eji

U3il!elm CDalOuir pe heolo Rojinjham |;fe caprel polbe halben. "] ciijipbe alle fe men fe mib hitn

he pan Eorinjham •] ej^run. -^ op pujo op Ulalr- heolben. anb psbe heom -p he polbe ifuen heom

uile he pan ^f^iTlw^i). -3 Sranepij. •] lx. pof. up tUin-ceprji.. ■} bibe heom cumen |7ibe]i. Da

op Stoepinjle £ek jasji. Snti he maket)e n anie hi |7asp inne pa^jxen |7a com f»e kinjep cuen .^ i

munekep. -} planrct5e piniasjit). ■] maket>; manie hijie prpenjSe ■^ bepsc heom, -p pep. y^ey inne

peojikep. -] pent5e |7e run berejie fian it asp pasp. micel hunjjep. Da hi ne lenj ne muhren jjolen. j^a

anb p tp jot) munec •] joT) man. ■] popSi hi luuetien prali hi ur ~\ plu jen. •] hi piipSen pip piSuren "]

Cot) anb TOiDe men. Nu pe pillen psejen pum tjel polecheben heom. anb namtn RotDbepr eopi op

par belamp on Srephne kinjep rime. On hip DIou-ceprpe ant) lebben him ro Roue-ceprpe. ant>

rime f»e Jut>eup op Nop-pic bohron an Epipren t)iben him j^ape m ppipun. anb re empepice pleh

ciltJ bepopen Sprpen. ant> pinet)en him alle pe inro an mynprpe. Da peopt)en Sa pipe men be-

ilce pininT -f upe Dpihrin pap pinet). ant) on lanj- rpyx. pe kinjep ppeonb ~] re eoplep ppeonb. ant)

ppit)aei him on potie henjen pop upe Dpihrnep pahrlebe pua ■f me pculbe leren ur pe kinj op

luue. ■] py^sn bypiet)en him. liUent)en -f ir ppipun pop f»e eopl. ■] reeopi pop f>e kinj. "] pua

pcutee btn pop holen. oc upe Dpihrin arypet)e bit)en. 8i^en ^ep eprepparhleben f>e kmj-] Ran-

•p he pap hall mapryp. ~\ ro munekep him namen. toolp eopi ar 8ran-popt» *] aSep ppopen ant)

•] bebypiet) him hejiicc. in Se mynprpe. ■] he rpeuSep psepron f hep nou'Sep pculbe bepuiken

maker |7up upe Dpihrin punt)eplice ant) mam- o^ep. -3 ir ne pop-prob nahr. pop pe kinj him

paelt)!ice mipaciep. ■] harre he p. Ulillelm:- pi'Sen nam m ^amrun. J^uphe ])icci past). ■] bitjc

On |3ip jafp com Dauit) kinj op Scorlant) mit) him in ppipun. ^ ep ponep he ler him ur fiuphe

opmere parpt) ro piy lant) polDe pinnan piy lanti." •] pasppe pet)ro -p popepaptie -p he puop on halitiom.

him com rojEeneplUillelmeoplopSlbamapljekinj •] jyplep panb. f he alle hip caprlep pcult)e iiuen

at)t)eberehr 6uop-pic. ■] ro oScp a^uez men mit» up. Sume he lap up anb pume ne lap he nohr.

pasu men -] puhren pit) heom. •] plemt)en pe king a;r anb bibe |janne pjeppe Sanne he hasp pculbe. Da

re prant)apt». ■] plojen pG^e micel op hip jenje:- pap Gnjle-lanb puioe ro-belcb. pume helben mib

Un f»ip jjep poloe pe kinj Srephne raecen Rot)- re kinj. -j pume mib f empepice. pop jja j^c king

bepreoplop Dlouceprpe. jjekinjeppune^enpiep. pap in ppipun. fa penben pe eoplep "j re pice

ac he ne mihre pop he papr ir pap. Da cprep hi men -p he neupe mape pculbe cumme ur. "j

pe lenjren jjeprepebe pe punne •] re tsrei aburon pashrleben pyb ]?empepice. -j bpohren hipe inro

nonrit) oejep. pi men eren "p me lihret)e canblep Oxen-popb. ant) lauen hipe pe bupch:- Da Se kinj

ro a.'ren bi. ~] -p pap xiii. kr. Appil. paspon men pap ure. J7a hepbe f paejen. anb roc hip pcopb

I'uiSe oppuntipet). Dejx eprep popt)-peopt)e Ujil- ■] bepasr hipe in pe rup. "3 me lasr hipe bun on

elm ^pce-bipcop op Eanrpap-bypij. -j re king nihr op pe rup mib papep. -j pral ur •] peas pleh

maket)e Teobalt) ^ffipce-bipcop, l^epap abbor in Jje ^ isebe on pore ro lUalinj-popb. Dasp eprep

Bee. Dej\ eprep psx puiSe micel uueppe beruyx pes pepbe opep pas. •] In op Nopmanbi penben

J^e kinj -j Ranbolp eopl op Useprpe nohr popSi alle ppa pe kinj ro pe eopl op Snjasu. pume hepe

•p he ne jap him a! -p he cuSe axen him. alpe he Jjankep -] pume hepe un-j^ankep. pop he bepser

tiitx; alle oSpe.ocjeppe femape lap heom J?e psppe heom ril hi aiauen up htpe caprlep. •] hi nan

hi paepon him. De eopl heolb Lincol ajsenep pe helpe ne haepben op jje kinj. Da pepbe Gupracc

kinj. ~] benam him al ■f he ahre ro hauen. -j re |je kinjeppuneroFpance. -jnamljekinjeppuprep

kinj pop pitiep. ■] bcpasrre him -] hip bpoSep op Fpance ro pipe. pent)e ro bijxron Nopmant)i

lUilielm t)2 R . . . ape in pd caprel. •] re eopl |7.cp Jjuph. oc he ppet)t)e lirel. ■] be jotJe pihre.

prjel ur -] p^ptie eprep Rotibcpr eopl op Clou- pop he pap an yucl man. pop papepe he ... . l)it)e

ceprpe. -3 bpohr him jjitsep mit> micel pepb. mape yuel Jeanne jot), he peuet)e pe lantiep •] Iasit)c

anb puhren ppiSe on Eantielmappe-t)asi ajenep mic pon. hebpohre hippiproGnjle-lant).

hcope lauept). ~j namen him. pop hip men him ~} t)it)e hipe in pe capre reb. Tot) pimman

puykcn -j plujaen. ant) liet) him ro Bpiprope ant) pea? psep. oc pcse het)t)e lirel blippe mit) him. *]

oitJcn flap in ppipun. "] . . . repep. Da pap all xpij^r ne polt)e f he pcult)e lanje pixan. -j paspb

Gnjlc-lant) prypet) map ])an aep ysey. ant) all yuel t)eb ant) hip moticpbelen. -jreeoplopSnjEupjept)

fxy in lant)e. Deji eprep com pe kinjep t)ohrep t)et). •] hip pune ^enpi roc ro pe pice. "Knb re cuen

^enpi'p p: hepbe ben Gmpepic on Tvlamanie. ■] nu op Fpance ro-t)s:lbe ppa pe kinj. "] peas com ro pe

pasp cunrepfe in T^njou. •] com ro Lunt)ene. -j re lunje eopl ^enpi. •] he roc hipe ro pipe. -3 al Peirou

Luntsenippce pole hipe polt)e ra;cen •] ycx pleh. T mit» hipe. Da pepbe he mit) micel pspb inro

poplep pap micel:- Deji eprep be bipcop op Gnjle-lanb. ■] pan caprlep. -] re km j pepbe ajencp

Ujin ceprpe ^enpi. pe kmjcp bpg^cp Srephnep. him micel mapepepS. Tfo^pjEfepepurcnhinohr.

Vol. I. c oc

THE HISTORY OF THE

oc |-cpbcn Jtc ^pce biprop -j re ]>\ye men be-
rpux hcom. •] makcbc jJ pahrcfrc kinj pculbe
btii laui j\b •} kinj pile he liutbe. •] aprep hij- bsi
p;)pe ^i npi kin J. •} he helbe him poji pabeji ■] he
nim poji pune. ant> pib -] psehre pcultJe ben bcrpyx
hconi -] on al Gnjlc lanO. i5ip ant) re oSpe
jrojimiapbrp Jjtr hi makcben poojien ro halbcn
pc kinj •} re eojl'. ant) re bipcop. •] re eojilrp.
-J picciren alle. Da pap pe eopl untjejxpanjcn
^r lUin ceprjie ar.b ser L.unbene mib miccl
pujirpcipe. anb alle t)iT)en him man-pcb. ant)
puoptrn pe paip ro halt>en. ant) hir papb pone

giSc job paip pua -p ncujie pap hejie. Da pap
ki('5 prjvtrnjcjie Jjanne he seuejar hep pap. •] re
f opt pepbe oucp pas. •] al pole him luuebe. pop he
XnX)c got) jupripe -j maktt)e paip:-

Nearly about this time, the following pieces of
poetry fecm to have been written, of which 1 have
inferted only (hort fragments ; the firft is a rude
attempt at the prefent meafure of eight fyllables,
and the fccond is a natural introduftion to Robert
of Gloucejier, being compofed in the fame meafure,
which, however rude and barbarous it may feem,
taught the way to the AUxandrines of the French
p6etry.

■p* U R in fee bi wefr fpaynge.

•*• If a lont) ihorc cokaygne.

Dcr nif lont) unt)er heuennchc.

Of wel of gotJnif hir iliche.

Doy paraDif be miri anD briyr.

Eokaygn if of fairir fiyr.

Whar if fer in parat)if.

Bor graffe ant) flure anD grenerif.

Doy Jjer be loi ant) grcr t)urc.

Der nif mer bore frurc.

Dcr nif halle bure no bench.

Bor wanr man if furfro quench.

Beb per no men bur rwo.

^ely ant) cnok alfo.

Oinghch may hi go.

Whar |?er woni|) men no mo.

In cokaygne if mer ant) t)rink.

Wi])ure care how ant) fwink.

De mtr if rrie |)e brink fo clere:

To none ruflin ant) fopper. '

I figge for fo|) boure were.

Der nif lont) on er|?e if pere.

Unt)cr hcuen nif lont) i wifle.

Of fo mochil loi ant) blifle.

Dcr if mam fwerc fiyre.

Al if l)ai nif ))er no niyre.

Der nif barer no)'er frrif.

Nif ptr no t>ej7 ac eucr lif.

Dcr nif lac of mer no clojr.

Der nif no man no woman wrolr.

Der nif ferpenr wolf no fox.
^orf no capil. kowe no ox.
Dcr nif fchepe no fwine no gore.
No non horwyla got) ir wore.
Noficr harare nober frot)'*.
De lant) if ful of o])er got>e.
Nif f^er flei fie no lowfc.
In clo|) in roune bet) no houfe.
Der nif tounnir flere no hawje.
No non vile worme no fnawile.
No non frorm rem no wint>e.
Der nif man no woman blint)e.
Ok al if game loi anr gle.
Wel if him pax: J7er mai be.
Der be)) riverf grer ant) fine.
Of oile mclk honi ant) wine.
Wanr feruij) jjer ro nojjing.
Bor ro fiyr ant) ro waufling.

SANCTA MARGARETTA.

r^ LD E anr yonge i preir ou oure folief for ro

^^ iere.

Dencher on gob ])ar yef ou wir oure funnef ro

bere.
^ere mai reilen ou. wit) wort)ef feire ant) fwere.
De vie of one meitian. waf horen COaregrere.

;^ire fat)er waf a parriac. af ic ou reilen may.
In aunrioge wif echef i Se fajic lay.
Deve gotJcf anr t)oumbe. he fervet) nitt anr t)ay.
So t)et)en mony ojpere. picc finger weilawey.
Theot)ofius wafif nome. on crift Ae levet>e he

noutt.
pe levet)e on pt falfe got)ef. Sar peren wit) hontoen

wroutt.
Do jjar chilt) fcult^e chnftine ben. ic com him well

in |?outt.
€ bet) wen ir were ibore. ro t)tpt ir were ibpoutt.
De mot)er waf an hejjene wif pax hire ro wyman

bere.
Do ^ar chilD ibore waf. nolt)e ho hir furfare.
^o rent)e ir inro afye. wib meflagerf ful yare.
To a nopice far hire wifte. anr ferre hire ro

lore.
De nonce |)ar hire wifte. chilt)ren aheuet)e feuene.
De eitte|)e waf maregrere. crifref may of heuene.
Talef ho am rolt»e. ful feire anr ful euene.
Wou ho ])olct)en marrirt)om. fern Laurence anr

feinre Sreuene.

In thefe fragments, the adulteration of the Saxon
tongue, by a mixture of the Norman^ becomes
apparent ; yet it is not lb much changed by the
admixture of new words, which might be imputed
to commerce with the continent, as by changes
of its own forms and terminations \ for which no
reafon can be given.

Hitherto

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Hitherto the language ufed in this illand, how-
ever different in fucccffive time, may be called
Saxon; nor can it be expeded, from the nature of
things oradually changing, that any time can be
afiigned, when the Saxon may be faid to ceafe, and
the Englilh to commence. Rokrt of Gloucejltr
however, who is placed by the criticks in the thir-
teenth century, fecms to have ufed a kind of in-
termediate diction, neither Saxon nor Englijh ; in
his work therefore we fee the tranfition exhibited,
and, as he is the firft of our writers in rhyme, of
whom any large work remains, a more cxtenfive
quotation is extraded. He writes apparently in the
fame mcafure with the foregoing authour of St.
Margarite, which, polifhrd into greater exadnefs,
appeared to our anceftors fo fuitable to the genius
of the Englijh language, that it was continued
in ufe almoft to the middle of the feventeenth
century.

/^F fe batayles of Denemarch, J^at hii dude in

^-^ \ys londe

J>at worft were of alle ojjere, we mote abbe an

honde.
Worft hii were, vor ojrere adde fomwanne ydo,
As Romeyns & baxons, & wel wufte J^at lond

|jerto.
Ac hii nc kept yt holde nojt, bote robby, and

flcnde.
And deftrue, & bernc, & fle, & ne coujje abbe non

ende.
And bote lute yt nas wor]?, |?ey hii were ouercome

^lome.
Vor myd flypes and gret poer as preft effone hii

come.
Kyng Adelwolf of ]py% lond kyng was tuenty jer.
|7e Deneys come.by hym ryuor |7an hii dude cr.
Vor in ^e al our vorft jer of ys kynedom
Myd j^re & frytty flypuol men her prince hyder

come.
And at Sou]?hamtone aryuede, an hauene by SouJ^e.
Anojjer gret oft jjulke tyme aryuede at Portef-

mou{;e.
}jc kyng nufte wejjer kepe, at delde ys oft atuo.
J7e Denes adde j^e mayftrc. \o al was ydo.
And by Eftangle and Lyndcfeye hii wende vorb atte

lade.
And fo hamward al by Kent, & (lowe & barnde

vafte,
Ajen wynter hii wende hem. anojjer jer eft hii

come.
And deftrude Kent al out, and L.ondone nome.
jjus al an ten jer J?at lond hii brojte j^er doune,
*So fiat in \ic te|je jer of |)e kynge's croune,
Al byfou|3e hii come alond, and f'et folc of Somer-

fete
foru J?e byflbp Alcfton and j^et folc of Dorfete
6

Hii come & fmytc an batayle, & Jjere, Jf>oru Code's

grace,
fe Deneys were al bynej^e, & J^e lond folc adde J^e

place,
And more prowelTe dude ]jo, fan J>e kyng my^te

byuore,
jjeruore gode lond men ne be]? nojt al verlore.
\>c kyng was |?e boldore ]?o, & ajen hem fe more

drou.
And ys foure godes fones woxe vafte y nou,
Edclbold and Adelbryjt, Edelred and Alfred,
jpys was a ftalwarde tern, & of gret wyfdom & red.
And kynges were al foure, & defendede wel Jjys

lond.
An Deneys dude flame ynou, J^at me volwel vond.
Is fyxte)7e jere of j^e kynge's kynedom
In eldeftc lone Adelbold gret oft to hym nome.
And ys fader alfo god, and ofiere heye nfen al fo.
And wende ajenj^ys Deneys, j^a't muche wo adde

y do.
Vor myd tuo hondred flypes 8c an alf at Temfe

mou]j hii come.
And Londone, and Kancerbury, and ojjer tounes

nome.
And fo vor|) in to Soj^ereye, & floweSc barnde vafte,
fere fe kyng and ys fone hem mette atte lafte.
fere was batayle ftrong ynou yfmyte in an frowe.
f e godes kynjtes leye adoun as gras, wan medef

mowe.
Heueden, (fat were of yfmyte,) & oferlymes alfo,
Flete in blode al fram fe grounde, ar f e batayle were

ydo.
Wannef at blod ftod al abrod, vas fer gret wo y nou.
Nys yt reufe vorto hure, fat me fo vole flou ?
Ac our fuete Louerd atte lafte fl'ewede ys fuete grace.
And fende fe Criftyne Englyfl^e men f e mayftrye in

fe place.
And fe hefcne men of Denemarch bynefe were

echon.
Nou nas fer jut in Denemarch Criftendom non ;
fe kyng her after to holy chyrche ys herte fe morfe

drou.
And tefejede wel & al ys lond, as hii ajte, we! y

nou.
Seyn Swythyn at Wyncheftre byflTop fo was,
And Alcfton at Syrebourne, fat amendede muche

fys cas.
f e kyng was wel f e betere man f oru her beyre red,
Tuenty wynter he was kyng, ar he were ded.
At Wyncheftre he was ybured, as he jut lyf fere.
Hys tueye fores he jef ys lond, as he byjct ham ere,
Adelbold, the eldore, fe kynedom of Kftfex,
And fuffe Adelbryjc, Kent and Wcftfex.
Eyjtc hondred jer yt was and feuene and fyfty al fo.
After fat God anerfe com, fat fys dcde was ydo.
Bofe hii wufte by her tyme wel her kynedom.
At f e vyfte jer Adelbold out of fys lyue nome.

At

THE HISTORY OF THE

At Sfyrcbourne he was ybured, & ys broker Adel-

bryjt
His kynedotn adde after hym, as lawe was and ryjt.
By ys daye pe verde com of )je hej^ene men wel prout.
And Hamteflyrc and deftrude Wyncheftre al out.
And |jat lond folc of namteflTyre her red ]jo nome
And of Barcflyre, and fojte and pc ffrewen ouer-

come.
AdelbryTC was kyng of Kent jeres folle tene.
And of Wcftfex bote vyue, fo he dcyde ych wenc.

A DEL RED was after hym kyng y mad in J?e
**• place,

Eyjtehondred&feuene&fyxty as in|jejerof grace.
pc vorfte jer oi ys kynedonf J^e Deneys pycke com.
And robbedc and deftrude, and cytes vafte nome.
Mayftrcs hii addeof her oft, as yt were dukes, tueye,
Hynguar and Hubba, J^at flrewen were beye.
In Eft Angle hii byleuede, to reft hem as yt were,
Myd her oft al pe wynter, of pe vorft jerc.
feojjerjerhiidudehemvor]?, &ouerHombercomc,
And flowe to grounde & barnde, &Euerwyk nome.
fer was batayle ftrong y nou, vor yflawe was )jere
Ofryc kyng of Hombcrlond, & monye jjat with hym

were.
|?o Homberlond was j?us yflcnd, hii wende & tounes

nome.
So Jjat atte lafte to Eftangle ajen hym come,
^cr hii barnde & robbcde, and j^at folc to grqunde

flowe.
And, as wolues among ffep, reulych hem to drowe.
Seynt Edmond was )70 her kyng, & jjo he fey Jjac

deluol cas r

fat me morjjrede fo jjat folc, & non amendemcntnas.
He ches leuere to deye hymfulf, Jjat fuch forwe to

yfey.
He dude hym vorjj among hys fon, nolde he no)?yg

fle.
Hii nome hym & fcourged hym, & fujjjje naked

hym bounde
To a tre, & to hym flbte, & made hym mony a

wounde,
fat J?e arewe were on hym jjo fycce, f>at no ftede

nas byleuede.
Atte lafte hii martred hym, and fmyteof ys heued.
pc fyxte 3;cr of pe crounement of Alderecl be kyng
A nywe oft com into fys lond, gret)7oru allc fyng.
And anon to Redynge robbedc and flowe.
be king and Alfred ys broker nome men ynowe,
Mette hem, and a batayle fmyte vp Aftefdoune,
fer was mony moder chyld, fatfonelay jjerdoune.
be batayle ylalte vorte nyi^t, and fer were aflawe
Vyf dukes of Dcnemarch, ar hii wolde wyf drawe.
And mony foufend of ofer men, & fo gonne hii

to fle;
Ac hii adde alle ybc affcnd, gyf fe nyjt madde y be.

Tueye batayles her after in pc fuif jere

Hii fmyte, and at boj^e fe hefene mayftres were."

pc kyng Aldered fone )jo fen wey of def nome.

As yt vel, pe vyfty jer of ys kynedom.

At Wymbourne he was ybured, as God jef fat cas,

fc gode Alfred, ys brof er, after hym kyng was.

A LFRED, fys noble man, as in f e jer of grace
■^ he nom

Eyjte.hondred & fyxty & tuelue fe kynedom.
Arft he adde at Rome ybe, &, vor ys grete wyfdom,
fe pope Leon hym bleflfede, fo he f uder com.
And f e kynge's croune of hys lond, fat in fys lond

Tut ys:
And he led hym to be kyng, ar he kyng were ywys.
An he was kyng of Engelond, of alle fat fer come,
fat vorft f us ylad was of f e pope of Rome,
An fuffe ofer after hym of fe erchebyflbpes echon.
So fat hyuor hym pore kyng nas fer non.
In f e Souf fyde of Temefe nyne batayles he nome
Ajen fe Deneys fe vorft jer of ys kynedom.
Nye Ter he was f us in fys lond in batayle & in wo.
An oTte fypt aboue was, and bynef e oftor mo ;
So longe, fat hym nere by leuede bote f re flTyren in

ys hond,
Hamteflfyre, and WylteflTyre, and Somerfete, of al

ys lond.
A day as he wery was, and afuoddrynge hym nome
And ys men were ywend auyflfef , Seyn Cutbert to

hym com.
" Icham," hcfeyde, "-Cutbert, to fe ycham ywend
" To brynge f e gode tytynges. Fram God ychani

yfend.
" Vor fat folc of fys lond to fynne her wylle al

jeue,
" And jut nolle herto her fynnes byieue
" foru me & ofer halewen, fat in fys lond were

ybore ;
" fan vor jou byddef God, wanne we bef hym

byuore,
" Hour Louerd myd ys cyen of milce on fe lokef

feruore,
" Andfy poer fe wole jyue ajen, fat fou aft ney

verlore.
" And fat fou fer of fof yfe, fou fl*alt abbe

tokynynge.
" Vor fym men, fat bef ago to day auyflynge,
" In lepes & in coufles fo muche vyls hii ifolde

hym brynge,
" fat ech man wondry flfal of fo grec cacchynge.
*' And fe mor vor fe harde vorfte, fat fe water

yfrore hys,
*' fat be more ajen fe kunde of vyflTynge yt ys.
" Of ferueyt welajenGod, andylefmeys mefl"3ger,
*' And fou flail fy wylle abyde, as ycham ytold

her."

A«

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

\

As |?ys kyng herof awoc, and of |?ys fyjte jjojte,
Hys vyflTares come to hym, & io gret won of fyfs

hym brojte^
pit wonder yt was, & namelyche vor pe weder was

fo colde.
j-o lyuede J3e god man wel, pn Seyn Cutbert adde

ytold.
In Deuenyfiyre |5er after aryiiede of Deneys
bre and tuenty ffypuol men, all ajen pe peys,
be kynge's brojjer of Denemarcli tiuc of oft was.
Oure kynge's men of Engelond mette hem by cas,
And fmyte j^er an batayle, and her gret due flowe.
And ey jte hondred & fourty men, & her caronyes

to drowe.
po kyng Alfred hurde j;ys, ys herte gladede )jo,
f>at lond folc to hym come fo j^ycke fo yt myjte go,
Of Somerfcte, of Wyltefiyre, of Hamteffyre jjcrio,
Euere as he wende, and of ys owe folc ai fo.
So jjat he adde poer ynou, and atte lafte hii come.
And a batayle at Edendone ajen pe Deneys nome.
And flowe to grounde, & wonne pe mayftre of the

velde.
pe kyng & ys grete duke bygonne hem to jeldc
To pe kyng Alfred to ys wylle, and oftages toke,
Vorto wende out of ys lond, jyf he yt wolde loke ;
And jut ]?erto, vor ys loue, to auonge Criftendom.
Kyng Gurmund, pe hexte kyng, vorft jjer to come.
Kyng Alfred ys godfader was. & ybaptyfcd ek |7er

were
fretty of her hexte dukes, and muchc of j^at folc fiere
Kyng Alfred hem huld wyf> hym tuelf dawes as he

hcnde.
And fuj)]7e he jef hem large jyftcs, and let hym

wende.
Hii, )7at nolde Criftyn be, of lande flcve {jo.
And byjonde fte in France dude wel muche wo.
jut |7e (Irewen come ajcn, and muche wo here wrojte.
i\c|jekyng Alfred atte iafteto flame hem euere brojte.
Kyng Alfred was pt wyfofl: kynj, ]7at long was

byuore.
Vor l^ey mefegge Jjelawes be)? in worre tyme vorlore,
Nas yt nojt fo hiis daye. vor |7ey he in worre were,
Lawes he made ryjtuoUore, and ftirengore ]?an er

were.
Clerc he was god ynou, and jut, as me tellej? me.
He was more- j^an ten jer old, ar he couj^e ys abece.
Ac ys gode moder otte fmale jyftes hym tok,
Vor to byleue ojjer pie, arKi loky on ys boke.
So j:iat by por clergyc ys rvjt lawes he wonde,
pu ncuere er nere y mad, to gouerny ys lond.
And vor pc worre was fo muche of J^e lu|7er Deneys,
pe men of J?ys fulue lond were of j^c worfe peys.
And robbedc and flowe oj^ere, jjeruor he byuondc,
[;at Jjer were hondredcs in eche contreye of ys lond.
And in ech toune of pe hondred a te^^ynge were alfo,
And J)at ech man wvjioute gret lond in tej'ynge were

Vol. 1.

And jjat ech man knewe o|»er J^at in te|5ynge were.
And wufte fomdei of her flat, jyf me pa vp hem here.
So ftreyt he was, j^at ptf me ledde amydde weyes

heye
Seluer, jjat non man ne dorfte yt nyme, |7ey he yt

feye.
Abbeys he rcrde mony on, and mony fliudes ywys.
Ac Wyncheftrye he rerde on, jjat nywe munftre

ycluped ys.
Elys lyf eyTte and tuenty jer in ys kynedom ylafl;e.
After ys dep he wos yburcd at Wynciftcllre atte lafte.

Sir John Maudeville wrote, as he himfelf informs
us, in the fourteenth century, and his work, which
comprifing a relation of many different particulars,
confequcntly required the ufe of many words and
phrafes, may be properly fpecified in this place.
Of the following quotations, I have chofen the firft,
bccaufc it fliows, in fome meafure, the ftate of Eu-
ropean fcience as well as of the Engli/h tongue ; and
the fecond, becaufe it is valuable for the force of
thought and beauty of exprefllon.

TN that lond, ne in many othere bezonde that,
•^ no man may fee the fterre tranfmontanc, that
is clept the fterre of the fee, that is unmevable,
and that is toward the Northe, that we clepen
the lode fterre. But men feen another fterre, the
contraric to him, that is toward the Southe, that
is clept Antartyk. And right as the fchip men
taken here avys here, and governe hem be the lode
fterre, right fo don fchip men bezonde the parties,
be the fterre of the Southe, the which fterre ap-
percthc not to us. And this fterre, that is toward
the Northe, that wee clepen the lode fterre, ne
apperethe not to hem. For whiche caufe, men may
wel pcrceyve, that the lond and the fee ben of
rownde fchapp and forme. For the partie of the
firmament fchewethe in o contrce, that fchewethc
not in another contrce. And men may well preven
be experience and foty le compaflTement of wy tt, that
zif a man fond paflTages be fchippes, that wolde go
to ferchen the world, men myghte go be fchippc
alie aboutc the world, and aboven and benethen.
The v/hiche thing I prove thus, aftre that I have
fcyn. For I have been toward the parries of Bra-
ban, and beholden the Aftrolabre, that the fterre
that is clept the rranfmontayne, is 53 degrees highc.
And more forthcre in Almayne and Bewme, it
hathe 58 degrees. And more forthe toward the
parties feptemtrioneles, it is 62 degrees of hcghte,
and certvn mynutes. For I my lelf have mefured
it by the Aftrolabre. No*/ fchulle.ze knowe, that
azen the Tranfmontayne, is the tother fterre, that
is clept Antartyke-, as I have feyd before. And
tho 2 fterres ne mecven neverc. And be hem
f turnechs

THE HISTORY OF THE

tiirnethe alle the firmamcnr, righte as dothe a wheel,
that turneche be his axille tree: fo that tho fterres
bercn the firmament in 2 egallc parties; fo that it
hathe als mochel aboven, as it hath benethcn. Aftre
this, I have gon toward the parties meridionales,
that is toward the Southe : and I have founden,
that in Lybye, men fccn firft the fterre Antartylc.
And lb ter I have gon more in tho contrees, that I
have f'ounde that tterrc more highe ; fo that to-
ward the highe Lybye, it is 18 degrees of hcghte,
and certeyn rrtinutcs (of the whiche, 60 minutes
maken a degree) after goynge be fee and be londe,
toward this contree,'of that 1 have fpoke, and to
other yles and londes bezonde that contree, I have
founden the fterre Antartyk of 33 degrees of
heghte, and mo mynutes. And zif 1 hadde had
companye and fchippynge, for to go more bezonde,
1 trowe wcl in certyn, that wee fcholde have feen
alle the roundnefle of the firmament alle aboute.
For as I have fcyd zou be forn, the half of the
firmament is betwene tho 2 fterres : the whiche
Kalfondellc I have feyn. And of the other halfon-
delle, I have feyn toward the Northe, undre the
Tranfmontane 62 degrees and 10 mynutes ; and
toward the partie meridionalle, I have feen undre
the Antartyk 3^ degrees and 16 mynutes : and
thanne the halfondelle of the firmament in alle, ne
holdcthe not but 180 degrees. And of tho 180, I
have feen 62 on that o part, and 33 on that other
part, that ben 95 degrees, and nyghe the halfondelle
of a degree •, and fo there ne faylethe but that I
have feen alle the firmament, faf 84 degrees and
the halfondelle of a degree ; and that is not the
fourthe p.)rt of the firmament. For the 4 partie of
the roundnefle of the firmament hole 90 degrees :
fo there faylethe but 5 degrees and an half, of the
fourthe partie. And alfo I have feen the 3 parties
of alle the roundntfle of the firmament, and more
zit 5 degrees and an half. Be the whiche I feye
zou certrynly, that men may envirowne alle the
erthe of alie the world, as wel undre as aboven,
and turnen azen to his contree, that hadde com-
panye and fchippynge and conduyt: and alle wcyes
he fcholde fynde men, londes, and yles, als wel as
in this contree. For zee wyten wclle, that ihei
that ben toward the Antartyk, thei ben ftreghte,
feet azen feet of hem, that dweilen undre the Tranf-
montane j als wel as wee and thei that dwellyn
undre us, ben feet azenft feet. For alle the parties
of fee and of lond han here appofiiees, habirablcs
or trepiflfiblcs, and thei of this half and bezond
half. And wytethe wel, that afire that, that I
may parccyve and comprehendt-, the londes of
Preftre John, cmperour of Yndc ben undre us.
For in goynge from Scotlonu or from Hnglond to-
ward Jc-rufalem, men gon upward alwcys. For
oure lond is in th«- lowe partie of the crihe, toward

the Weft: and the lond of Preftre John is the lov/e
partie of the erthe, toward the Eft : and thei harj
there the day, whan wee have the nyghte, and alfo
highe to the contrarie, thei han the nyghte, whan
wee han the day. For the erthe and the fee ben of
round forme and fchapp, as I have feyd beforn.
And than that men gon upward to o coft, men goa
dounward to another coft. Alfo zee have herd me
feye, that Jerufalcm is in the myddes of the world;
and that may men preven and Ichewen there, be a
fpere, that is pighte in to the erthe, upon the hour
of mydday, whan it is equenoxium, that i'chewcche
no fchadwe on no fyde. And that it fcholde bea
in the myddes of the world, David wytnefTethe it
in the Pfautre, where he feythe, Deus operatus eft
falute in medio terre. Thanne'thci that parten fro
the parties of the Weft, for to go toward Jcrufa-
lem, als many iorneyes as thei gon upward for ta
go thidre, in als many iorneyes may. thei gon fra
Jerufalem, unto other confynyes of thefuperficialtie
of the erthe bezonde. And whan men gon bezonde
tho iourneycs, towarde Ynde and to the foreyn yies,
alle is envyronynge the roundnefle of the erthe and
of the fee, undre oure contrees on this half. And
therfore hathe it befallen many tymes of o thing,
that I have herd cownted, whan I was zong ; how
a worthi man departed fometyme from oure con-
trees, for togoferche the world. And fo he pafted
Ynde, and the yles bezonde Ynde, where ben mo
than 5000 yles : and fo longe he wente be fee and
lond, and fo enviround the world be many feyfons,.
that he fond an yle, where he herde fpeke his owne
langage, callynge on oxen in the plowghe, fuchc
wordes as men fpekcn to beftes in his own contree:
whereof he hadde gret raervayle: for he knevve
not how it myghte be. But I feye, that he had
gon fo longe, -be londe and be fee, that he had-
envyround alle the erthe, that he was comen azer\
cnvirounynge, that is to feye, goynge aboute, un-
to his pwne marches, zif he woide have pafled
torthe, til he had founden his contree and bis owne
knouleche. But he turned azen from thens, from
whens he was come fro ; and fo he lofte moche
peynefiille labour, as him felf feyde, a gret while
aftre, that he was comen horn. For it befclle aftre,
that he wente in to Norweye-, and there tempelt of
the fee toke him; and he arryved in an yle; and
whan he was in that yle, he knew wel, that it wa»
the yle, where he had herd fpeke his owne lan-
gage before, and the callynge of the oxen at the
plowghe: and that was poftible thinge. But how
it femethe to lymple men unlerned, that men ne
mowc not go undre the erthe, and alfo that men
fcholde fallc towarde the hevene, frotn undre! But
that may not be, upon lefie, than wee mowe f.iile
toward hevene, fro the erthe, where wee ben. Fof
;.ro what partie of the erthe, that naen du?!ie,

outher

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

outher aboven or benethen, it femethe alweyes to
hem that duellen, that thei gon more rights than
ony other folk. And righte as it femethe to us,
that thti ben undre us, righte fo it femethe hem,
that wee ben undre hem. For zif a man myghte
falle fro the erthe unto the firmament; be grettere
rrfoun, the erthe and the fee, that ben fo grete and
fo hevy, fcholde fallen to the firmament: but that
may not be: and therfore feithe oure Lord God,
Non timeas me, qui fufpendi terra ex nichilo? And
alle be it, that it be poflible thing, that men may
fo envyronne al!e the world, natheies of a looo
perfones, on ne myghte not happen to returncn in
to his contrce. For, for the grecnefle of the erthe
and of the fee, men may go be a looo and- a lOoo
other weyes, that no man cowde reyde him pcrfitely
toward the parties that he cam fro, but zif it were
be aventure and happ, or be the grace of God.
For the erthe is fulle large and fulle gret, and holt
in roundneffe and aboute envyroun, be aboven and
be benethen 20425 myles, aftre the opynyoun of
the old wife aftronomeres. And here feyenges I
repreve noughie. But aftre my lytylle wyt, it
femethe me, favynge here reverence, that it is
more. And for to have bcttere underftondynge, I
fcye thus, be ther ymagyned a figure, that hathe a
gret compas; and aboute the poynt of the gret
compas, that is clept the centre, be made another
litille compas: than aftre, be the gret compafs de-
vifed be lines in manye parties ; and that alle the
lynes meeten at the centre •, fo that in as many
parries, as the grete compas fchal be departed,
in als manye, fchalle be departed the litille, that
is aboute the centre, alle be it, that the fpaces
ben Icfle. Now thanne, be the gret compas repre-
fentcd for the firmament, and the litille cornpas
reprcfented for the erthe. Now thanne the firma-
ment is devyfed, be aftronomeres, in 12 fignes ;
and every figne is devyfed in 30 degrees, that is
360 degrees, that the firmament hathe aboven.
Alfo, be the erthe devyfed in als many parties, as
the firmament; and let every partye anfwere to a
degree of the firmament: and wytethe it wel, that
afire the audoures of aftronomye, 700 furlonges of
erthe anfweren to a degree of the firmament ; and
tho ben 87 miles and 4 furlonges. Now be that
here multiplyed be 360 fithes; and then thei ben
315000 myles, every of 8 furlonges, aftre myles of
oure coniree. So moche hathe the erthe in round-
neffe, and of heghte enviroun, aftre myn opynyoun
and myn undirftondynge. And zee Ichulieundir-
ftonde, that aftre the opynyoun of olde wife philofo-
phrcs and aftronomeres, oure contrce ne Irelond ne
Wales nc Scotlond ne Norweye ne the other yies

coHiynge to hem, ne ben not in the fuperficyalte
cownted aboven the erthe; as it fchewethe be alle
the bokes of aftronomye. For the fuperficialtee nf
the erthe is departed in 7 parties, for the 7 planetes:
and tho parties ben clept cly mates. And oure par-
ties be not of the 7Xlymates: for thei ben defcend-
ynge toward the Weft. And ajfo thofe yles of
Ynde, which beth evene azenft us, beth noghc
reckned in the clymates : for thei ben azi-'nft us,
that ben in the lowe contree. And the 7 clymates
ftrecchen hem envyrounynge the world.

II. And I John Maundevylle knyghteabovefeyd,
(alle thoughe I be unworthi) that departed from
ou.e contrees and paflTcd the fee, the zeer of grace
1322. that have pafltfd manye londes and manye
yles and contrees, and cerched manye fulle ftraunge
places, and have ben in many a fulle gode ho-
nourable companye, and at many a fairc dede of
amies, (alle be it that 1 dide none myle'f, for myn
unable infuffifince) now I am comen horn (mawgrce
my lelf) to rcfte : for gowces, arteiykes, that me
diftreynen, tho diffynen the ende of my labour,
azenft my wille (God knowethe.) And thus tak-
ynge folace in my wrecched rcfte, rccordynge the
tyme paffed, I have fulfilled tlicife thinges and
pucte hem wryten in this boke, as it wolde come
in to my mynde, the zeer of grace 1356 in the 34
zeer that I depjrtede from oure contrecs. Wher-
fore I preye to alle the redcres and hereres of tnis
boke, zif it plcfe hem, that thei wolde preycn to
God for me : and J fchalle preye for hem. And
alle tho that feyn for me a. Pater nofter, with ar»
Ave Maria, that God forzeve me my fynnts, I
make hem partneres and graunte hem part of alle
the gode pilgrymages and of alle the gode dedes,
that I have don, zif ony be to his plefance : and
noghte only of tho, but of alle that evere I fchalle
do unto my lyfes ende. And I befeche Almyghty
God, fro whom alle godcntfle and grace comethe
fro, that he vouchefaf, of his excellent mercy and
habundant grace, to fulle fyUe hire foules with infpi-
racioun of theHolyGoft, in makynge defence of alle
hire goftly enemycs here in erthe, to hire falvacioun,
botheof body andfoule; toworfchipeandthankynge
of him, that is three and on, with outen begy nny nge
and withouten endynge; that is, with outen qua-
litee, good, and with outen quantytee, gret ; that
in alle places is prefent, and alle thinges contenyn-
ynge ; the whichc that no goodneffe may amende,
ne non evelle empeyre; that in perfeyte trynytee
lyvethe and rcgnethe God, be alle worldes and be
alle cymes. Amen, Amen, Amen.

The

THE HISTORY OF THE

The fifft of our authours, who can be properly
ijiid to have written Englijh, was Sir John Govoer^
who, in his Confejfton of a Lover, calls Chaucer his dif-
ciplc, and may therefore be confidercd as the father
of our poetry.

"VJOWE for to fpeke of the commune,
■^ It is to drcde of that fortune,
Whiche hath befalle in fondryc londes:
But ot'te for dcfaute of bondes
All fodcinly, er it be wift,
A tunne, when his lie arift
Tobreketh, and renncth all aboute,
Whi.hc els (liulde nought gone out.

And eke full ofte a littcll Ikarc
Vpon a banke, er men be ware.
Let in the ftrcme, whiche with gret peine.
If any man it Ihall rcftreine.
Where lawe failleth, errour groweth.
He is not wife, who that nc trowcth.
For it hath proucd oft er this.
And thus the common clamour is
In euery londe, where people dwelieth:
And eche in his complainte tellethj
How that the worlde is mifwent,
And thervpon his argument
Yeueth euery man in fondrie wife:
But what man wolde him fclfe auife
His confcience, and nought mifufe,
He maie well at the firft excufe
His god, whiche euer ftant in one.
In him there is detaute none
So muft it ftand vpon vs felue.
Nought only vpon ten ne twelue.
But plcnarly vpon vs all.
For man is caufe of that fliall fall.

CHAUCER.

ALAS! 1 wepyngamconllrained to begin verfe
*^ of forowfull matter, that whilom in florifhyng
ftudie made delitable ditees. For lo ! rendyng
mufes of a Poctes cditen to me thingcs to be
writcn, and dreric teres. At lade no drede ne
might overcame tho inufes, ihat thci ne werren fel-
lowcs, and foloweden my waic, that is to faie,
when I was exiled, thei that weren of my youth
whilom wclfull and grene, comforten now forow-
full wcirdcs of me olde man : for clde is comcn
unwarely upon mc, haflcd by the harmes that I
have, and forowc hath commaunded his age to be
in mc. Heres hore arcn fhad overtimcliche upon
my hed : and the flackc fkinne irembleih of mine
cmptcd bodie. Thilke dtth of men is wclefuil,
that he ne comcth not in ycrcs that be fwete, but
5 comcth

The hiftoryof our language is now brought to the
point at which the hiftory of our poetry is generally
fuppofed to commence, the time of the illuftriou«
Geoffry Chaucer, who may, perhaps, with great juf-
tice, be ftiled the firft of our verfifiers who wrote
poetically. He does not, however, appear to have
defervcd all the praifc which he has received, or all
the cenfure that he has fufFered. Dryden, who,
miftaking genius for learning, in confidence of his
abilities, ventured to write of what he had not ex-
amined, afcribes to Chaucer the firft refinement of
our numbers, the firft produftion of eafy and natural
rhymes, and the improvement of our language, by
words borrowed from the more polilhed languages
of the continent. Skinner contrarily blames him in
harftj terms for having viiiatcdhis native fpeech by
'whole cartloads of foreign words. But he that reads
the works of Cower will find fmooth numbers and
eafy rhymes, of which Chaucer is fuppofed to have
been the inventor, and the Frorch words, whether
good or bad, of which Chaucer is charged as the
importer. Some innovations he might probably
make, like others, in the infancy of our poetry,
which the paucity of books does not allow us to dif-
cover with particular exadnefs ; but the works of
Ccmer and Lydgate fufficiently evince, that his dic-
tion was in general like that of his contemporaries :
and fome improvements he undoubtedly made by
the various difpofitions of his rhymes, and by the
mixture of different numbers, in which he feems to
have been happy and judicious. I have fcleftcd
feveral fpecimens botii of his profe and verfe ; and
among them, part of his tranflation of Boetius, to
which another vcrfion, made in the time of queen
Mary, is oppolcd. It would be improper to quote
very ff.aringly an author of fo much reputation, or
to make very large extradts from a book fo gene-
rally known.

C O L V I L E.

T That in tyme of profperite, and floryfhing
-^ ftudye, made plcaHiunte and delegable dities,
or verfes : alas now beyng heauy and fad ouer-
throwen in aduerfuie, am compelled to fele and taft
hcuines and greit. Beholde the mufes Poeticall,
that is to laye : the pleafure that is in poetes
verfes, do appoynt me, and compel mc to writ
thefe verfes in meter, and the forowfull verfes do
wet my wretched face with very watcrye teares,
yffuinge out of my eyes for forowe. Whiche mufes
no icare without doute could ouercome, but that
they wold folow me in my iourney of exile or ba-
niflimcnt. Soniecyme the ioye of happy and lufly
delegable youth dyd comfort me, and nowe the
rourfe of forowfull olde age caufeth me to reioyfe.
For hafty old age vnloked for is come vpon me

with

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

comcth to wretclies often icleped : Alas, alas !
with how defe an ere deth cruell turneth awaie fro
wretches, and naieth for to clofe wepyng eyen.
While fortune unfaithful! favoured me with light
godes, that forowfull houre, that is to faie, the
deth, had almofte t'rente myne hedde : but now
for fortune cloudie hath chaunged her decevable
chere to mewarde, myne unpitous life drawech
along ungreable dwellynges. O ye my frendes,
what, or whereto avaunted ye me to ben welfuU ?
For he that hath fallin, (lode in no ftedfaft degre.

with al her incommodities and euyls, and forow
hath commaunded and broughteme into the fame
old age, that is to fay : that forowe caufcth me to
be oide, before my time come of olde age. The
hoer heares do growe vntimely vpon my heade,
and my reuiled (kynne trembleth my flefh, cleane
confumed and wafte with forowe. Mannes death
is happy, that cometh not in youth, when a man
is luftye, and in pleafure or welth: but in time of
aduerfitie, when it is often defyred. Alas Alas
how dull and deffe be the eares of cruel death vnto
men in mifery that would fayne dye : and yet re-
fufythe to come and (hutte vp thcyr carefuU wep-
yng eyes. Whiles that falfe fortune fauoryd me
with her tranfitorye goodcs, then the howre of
death had alnioft oucrcome me. That is to fay
deathe was redy to opprefTe me when I was in pro-
fperitie. Nowe for by caufe that fortune beynge
turned, from profperitie into aduerfuie (as the clere
day is darkyd with cloudes) and hath chaungyd her
deceyuable countenaunce : my wretched life is yet
prolonged and doth continue in dolour. O my
ftendes why haue you fo often bofted me, fayinge
that I was happy when I had honour pofleflions
riches, and authoritie whych be tranfitory thynges.
He that hath fallen was in no ftedefaft degre.

TN the mene while, that I ftill record thcfc thynges
■*• with my felf, and marked my wepelie complainte
with office of poin(n:c!l : I faugh (londyng aboven
the hight of myn hed a woman of full grcte reve-
rence, by femblaunt. Her eyen brennyng, and
clere, feyng over the common m'.ght of menne,
with a lively colour, and with fothe vigour and
ftrength that it nc might not be nempned, all were
it fo, that fhc were full of fo grete age, that menne
wouKirn not trowcn in no manere, that Ihe were of
our elde.

The ftature of her was of dourous Judgemente,
for fometyme flie conftrained and (hronke her felven,
like to the common mefure of menne : And fome-
tyn-e it femed, that fhe touched the heven with
the hight of her hedde. And when flie hove her
hedde higher, fhe perced the felf heven, fo that the
fight of menne lokyng was in ydell : her clothes
wer maked of right dclie thredes, and fiibtel craft
of perdurable matter. The whiche clothes (he had
woven with her owne handes, as 1 kncwe well after
by her felf declaryng, and fhewyng to me the
beautie : The whiche clothes a darknefle of a for-
leten and difpifed eldc had dufked and darked, as
it is wonte to darke by fmoked Images.

In the nethereft hemme and border of thefe
clothes menne reddc iwoven therein a Grekifhe A.
that fignifieth the life adive, and above that letter,
in the hieft bordure, a Grekifhe C. that fignifieth
the life contemplatife. And betwene thefe two

Vol. I. letters

Y\7"HYLES that I confiderydde pryuylye with
' my felfe the thynges before fayd, and defcry-
bed my wofuU complaynte after the maner and
ofFyce of a wrytter, me thought I fawe a woman
ftand oucr my head of a reuerend countenaunce,
hauyng quycke and glyflcryng clere eye, aboue
the common forte of men in lyuely and delegable
coloure, and ful of ftrength, although fhe femed fo
olde that by no meanes fhe is thought to be one of
this oure tymc, her ftature is of douteful know-
ledge, for nowe fhe fhewethe herfclfe at the corn-
men length or ftatur of men, and other whiles fhe
femeth fo high, as though flie touched heuen with
the crown of her hed. And when (he wold ftretch
fourth her hed hygher, it alfo perced thorough
heauen, fo that mens fyghte coulde not attaine to
behold her, Her veftures or cloths were perfyt of
the finyfte thredes, and fubtyll workemanfliyp, and
of fubliaunce permanent, whych vefturs fhe had
wouen with her own hands as I perceyued after by
her owne faiynge. The kynde or beawtye of the
whyche veftures, a certayne darkenes or rather ig-
noraunce of oldenes forgotten hadde obfcuryd and
darkened, as the fmoke is wont to darken Images
that ftand nyghe the fmoke. In the lower parte of
the faid veftures was read the greke letter P. wouen
whych fignifyeth praftife or aftyffe, and in the
hygher parte of the veftures the greke letter T.
whych ettandeth for theorica, that fignifyeth fpecu-
lacion or contemplation. And betwene both the
[ g ] fayd

THE HISTORYOF THE

letters there were ken degrees nobly wrought, in
mancr of lad^icrs, by whiche degrees mcnne might
climben from the ncthercfl: letter to the uppercrt:
nathclcne handes of fomc men hadden kerve that
clothe, by violence or by ftrcngth, and evcriche
marine of 'hem had borne awaic Ibche ptrces, as he
might getten. And forfothe this forlaied woman
bare fmalc bokes in her right hande, and in her left
hand fhe bare a fcepter. And when flie fawe thefe
Pocticall miifes approchyng about my bed, and
endityng wordes to my wtpynges, (he was a litle
amoved, and glowed with cruell cycn. Who (q^
fhe) hath fuffcrcd approchen to this fike mannc
ihcfe commen ftrompettes, of which is the place
that mcnne callen Theatre, the whiche onely ne
iffwagen not his forowcs with renrwdies, but thei
would feden and norifhe hym with fwete venime ?
forfothe, that ben iho that with thornes, and
prickynges of talentesof affeccions, whiche thatben
nothyng fruftuous nor profitable, diftroicn the
Corne, plcntuous of fruiites of refon. For thei
holden hcrtes of men in ufage, but thei ne deliver
no folke fro maladie. But if ye mufes had with-
drawcn fro me with your flatteries any unconnyng
and unprofitable manne, as ben wont to finde com-
menly emong the peple, I would well fuffre the
lafle grcvoufly. For why, in foche an unprofitable
man myn ententes were nothyng endamaged. But
ye withdrowen fro me this man, that hath ben
nourifhed in my ftudies or fcoles of Eleaticis, and
of Academicis in Grece. But goeth now rather
awaie ye Mermaidens, whiche that ben fwete, till
it be at the laft, and lufFreth this man to be cured
and hcled by my mufes, that is to fay, by my note-
full fciences. And thus this companie of mufes
iblamed caften wrothly the chere dounward to the
yerth, and Ihewing by rcdnelTc ther fhame, thei
pafTeden forowfully the threlholde. And I of whom
the fight piounged in teres was darked, fo that I ne
might not know what that woman was, of fo Im-
perial audthoritie, I woxe all abalhed and ftonied,
and caft my fight doune to the yerth, and begin
ftill tor to abide what fhe would doen afterward.
Then came flie nere, and fct'her doune upon !.he
uttereit corner of my bed, and fhe beholdyng my
chere, 'hat was caft to the yerth, hevie and grevous
of wei-yng, complained with thefe wordes (that I
fliall fainc) the periurbacion of my thought.

fayd letters were fcne ccrtayne degrees, wrought
after the maner of ladders, wherein was as it were
a paflage or waye in lleppes or degrees from the
lower part wher the letter P. was which is vnder-
ftand from pradtys or aftyf, unto the hygher parte
wher the letter T. was whych is vnderfland fpecu-
!acion or contemplacion, Neucrthcles the handes
of fome vyolente perfones had cut the faydc veftures
and had taken awaye certayne pecis thereof, fuch
as euery one coulde catch. And fhe her lelre dyd
bare in her ryght hand litcl bokes, and in her lefce
hande a fcepter, which forefayd phylofophy (when
fhe faw the mufes poetycal prefent at my bed, fpck-
yng forowfull wordes to my wepynges) beyng angry
iayd (with terrible or frownynge countenaunce) who
fuffred thefe crafty harlottes to com to ihys fycke
man ? whych can help hym by no means of hys
griefe by any kind of medicines, but rather increaie
the fame with fwete poyfon. Thefe be they that
doo dyftroye the fertile and plentious commodytyes
of reafon and the fruytes therof wyth their pryck-
ynge thornes, or barren affecles, and accuftome or
fubdue mens myndes with fickenes, and heuynes,
and do not delyuer or heale them of the fame. But
yf your flatterye had conueyed or wythdrawen from
me, any vnlernyd man as the comen forte of people
are wonte to be, I coulde haue ben better con-
tentyd, for in that my worke fbould not be hurt or
hynderyd. But you haue taken and conueyed
from me thys man that hath ben broughte vp in the
fludyes of Arif^otel and of Plato. But yet get you
hence maremaids (that feme fwete untyil you haue
brought a man to deathe) and fuffer me to heale
thys my man wyth my mufes or fcyences that be
holfome and good. And after that philofophy had
fpoken thefe wurdes the fayd companyeof the mufys
poeticall beyng rebukyd and fad, cafle down their
countenaunce to the grounde, and by blulTyng con-
feffed their fhamfaftnes, and went out of the dores.
But I (that had my iyght dull and blynd wyth
wepyng, fo that 1 knew not what woman this was
hauing foo great audthoritie) was amalyd or afto-
nyed,and lokyng downeward, towarde ehe grounde,
I began pryvylye to look what ihyng fhe would
faye ferther, then fhe had fa id. Then fhe ap«
proching and drawynge ncre vnto me, fat downe
vpon the vttermoll part of my bed, and lokyng
vpon my face fad with weplng, and declynyd
toward the earth for Ibrow, bewayied the trouble of
my minde wyth thde layinges folowynge.

The

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

The condufions of the Astrolabie.
This book (written to his fon in the year of our
Lord 1391, and in the 14 of King Richard II.)
ftandeth fo good at this day, efpecially for the
horizon of Oxfcrd, as in the opinion of the
learned it cannot be amended, fays an Edit, of
Chaucer.

T Y T E L Lowys my fonne, I perceve well by
■■-' certaine evidences thync abylyte to lerne fcy-
ences, touching nombres and proporcions, and
alfo well conlydre I thy bcfye prayer in efpecyal
to lerne the tretyfe of the alfrolabye. Than for
as moche as a philofophcr faithe, he wrapeth hym
in his frende, that condilcendeth to the ryghc-
full prayers of his frende : therfore I have given
the a I'ufficient aftrolabye for oure orizont, com-
powned after the latitude of Oxenforde : upon the
•whiche by mediacion of this lytell tretife, I pur-
pole to teche the a certaine nombre of conclufions,
pcrtainynge to this fame inllrumcnt. 1 lay a cer-
taine nombre of conclufions for thre caufcs, tUe
firft caule is this. Trufte wel that al the conclufions
that have be founden, or ells pofliblye might be
founde in fo noble an inftrument as in the aftro-
labye, ben unknowen perfitely to anye mortal man
in this region, as 1 iuppofe. Another caule .
this, that foihely in any cartes of the aftrolabye
that I have yff ne, ther ben fome conclufions, that
wol not in al thinges perfourme ther beheftes: and
fome of 'henj ben to harde to thy tender age of
ten yere to conceve. This tretife divided in five
partes, wil 1 fhewe the wondir *lighi rules and
naked wordes in Engliftie, for Latine ne canft
thou nat yet but fmale, my litel fonne. But ne-
verthclerTe luffifcth to the thefe trewe conclufyons
in Engliftic, as wel as fufHfeth to thefe noble
clerkes grekes thefe fame conclufyons in greke,
• and to the Arabines in Arabike, and to Jewes
in Hebrewe, and to the Latin folke in Latyn:
whiche Latyn folke had 'hem firfte out of other di-
vers langages, and write 'hem in ther owne tonge,
that is to faine in Latine.

And God wote ihat in all thefe langages and in
manyc mo, have thef^ conclufyons ben fufficientlye
lerned and taught, and yet by divers rules, right
as divers pathes ledcn divers folke the right waye
to Rome.

Now wol I pray mekely every perfon difcrete,
that redcth or hereth this lityl tretife to have my
rude ententing cxcufed, and my fupcrfluite of
wordes, for two caufcs. The firft caufe is, for
that curious eniiityng and harde fentences is ful
hevy at ones, for foch a childe to lerne. And the
feconde caufe is this, that fothely me femeth better
to writen unto a childe twife a gode fentence, than

5

he foriete it ones. And, Lewis, if it be fo that I
(hewe the in my lith Engliftie, as trew conclu-
fions touching this mater, and not only as trewe
but as many and fubtil conclufions as ben yftiewed
in latin, in any comon tretife of the aftrolabye,
conne me the more thanke, and praye God fave the
kinge, thaf is lorde of this langage, and all that
him faith bereth, and obeieth everiche in his de-
gree, the more and the lafle. But confydreth
well, that I ne ufurpe not to have founden this
werkc of my labour or of myne engin. I n'ame
but a leude compilatour of the laboure of olde
aftrologiens, and have it tranllated in myn engliftie
onely for thy dodrine : and with this fwerde ftial
1 ftene e.^vy.

The firft party.

The firft partye of this tretife ftial reherce the
figures, and the membres of thyne aftrolaby, by-
caufe that thou ftialte have the greter knowinge of
thine owne inftrument.

The feconde party.

Th feconde partye ftial teche the to werken the
very praftike of the forefai i conclurn>ns, as fer-
forthe and alfo narowe as may be fnewed in ft>
fmale an inftrument portatife aboute. For wel
wote every aftrologien, thai fmalleft frailions ne
wol not be ftiewe i in fo i'mal an inftrument,, as in
fubtil tables caculcd for a caufe.

The Prologue of the Testament of LOVE.

I
■jV/TANY men there ben, that with eres openly
^^■^ fprad fo moche fwalowen the delicioufnefte of
jeftes and of ryme, by queint knittinge coloures,
that of the godenefle or of the badneffe of the fen-
tence take they lilel hede or els none.

Sothelye dulle witte and a thoughtfuUe foule fo
fore have mined and grafted in my fpirites, that
foche craft of enditingc woll nat ben of mine
acquaintaunce. And for rude wordes and boiftous
percen the herte of the herer to the inreft point, and
planten there the fentence of thinges, fo that with
litel helpe it is able to fpring, this boke, that no-
thynge hath of the grete flode of wytte, ne of
fcmelyche colours, is dolven with rude wordes and
boiftous, and fo drawe togiSer to maken the catch-
ers therof ben the more redy to hent fentence.

Some men there ben, that painten with colours
riche and fome with wers, as with red inke, and
foine with coles and chalke : and yet is there gode
matter to the leude peple of thylke chalkye pur-
trcyture, as 'hem thinketh for the time, and after-
ward

THE HISTORY OF THE

ward the fyght of the better colours yeven to 'hem
more joyc tor the firft leudncflTe. So foihly this
Icude clowdy occupacyon is not to prayfe, but by
the leude, for comenly leude leudeneflc commend-
eth. Eke it (hal ycve fight that other precyous
thynges fhall be the more in reverence. In Latin
and French hath many foveraine wittes had grete
dclyte to endite, and have many noble thinges ful-
fildc, but ccrtes there ben fome that fpeken ther
poifye mater in Frenche, of whiche fpcche the
Frenche men have as gode a fantafye .as we
have in hcryng of Frenche mens Engliflie. And
many termes there ben in Englyfhe, whiche
unncth we Englifhe men connen declare the
knowkginge : howe fhould than a Frenche man
borne ? loche tcrmcs connejumperc in his matter,
but as the jay chatcreth Englifhe. Right fo truely
the underftandyn of Englifhmen woll not ftretche
to the privie termes in Frenche, what fo ever we
boften of ftraunge langage. Let then clerkes en-
■ditcn in Latin, for they have the propertie of
fcience, and the knowinge in that facultie: and
lette Frenche men in iher Frenche alfo enditen ther
queint termes, for it is Jcyndcly to ther mouthes ;
and let us (hewe our fantafies in fuch wordes as we
lernedcn of our dame's tonge. And although this
boke be lytel thank worthy for the leudnefTe in
travaile, yet foch writing exiten men to thilke
thinges that ben neceffarie ; for every man therby
may as by a perpetual myrrour fcne the vices or ver-
tues of other, in whyche thynge lightly may be
conceved to cfchue perils, and neceffarics to catch,
after as aventures have fallen to other peplc or
perfons.

Certcs the foverainft thinge of defirc and mod
creture refonable, have or els (huld have full ap-
petite to ther perfeccyon : unrefonable beftes
mowcn not, fithe rcfon hath in *hem no workinge :
ihan refonable that wol not, is compari'bned to un-
refonable, and made lyke 'hem. Forfothe the molt
foveraine and finall pcrfeccion of man is in know-
-yngc of a fothe, withouten any entent dccevable,
and in love ot one very God, that is inchaungeable,
*hat is to knowe, and love his creator.

Nowe principally the menc to brynge in know-
leging and lovynge his creatour, is the confidera-
<yon of thynges made by the creatour, wher through
by thylke thinges that ben made, underltandynge
here to our wyttes, arne the unlcne pryvities of
God made to us fyghtfuU and knowinge, in our
contcmplacion and underftondinge. Tnele thinges
than forfothe moche bringen us to the ful know-
leginge fothe, and to the parfyte love of the maker
ot htvenly thynges. Lo! David laith: thou hade
dclitcd mc in makinge,as who faith, to have deiite
in the tunc how God hat lent me in confideracion
of thy inakinge. Whcrof Ariftotle in the boke

de Animalibus, faith to naturell philofophcrs : it is
a grete likynge in love of knowinge ther cretourc:
and alfo in knowinge of caufes in kindelye thynges,
conQdrid forfothe the formes of kindelye thinges
and the fhap, a gret kyndely love we fliulde have
to the werkman that 'hem made. The crafte of a
werkman is fhewed in the werk. Herefore trulie
the philofopliers with a lyvely ftudie manie noble
thinges, righte precious, and worthy to memoryc,
writen, and by a gret fwet and travaille to us leften
of caufes the properties in natures of thinges, to
whiche therfore philofophers it was more joy, more
lykinge, mere herty lull in kindely vertues and
matters of refon the perfeccion by bufy ftudy to
knowe, than to have had all the trefour, al the
richeflTe, al the vainctglory, that the pafled empe-
rours, princes, or kinges hadden. Therfore the
names of 'hem in the boke of perpetuall memorie
in vertue and pece arne writen -, and in the con-
trarie, that is to faine, in Styxe the foule pitte of
helle arne thilke prefled that foch godenes hated.
And bicaufe this boke fliall be of love, and tha
prime caufes of ftering in that doinge with paf-
fions and dilefes for wantinge of defire, I wil that
this boke be clcped the teftament of love.

But nowe thou reder, who is thilke that wirtnot
in fcorne laughe, to here a dwarle or els halfe a
man, fay he will rende out the fwerde of Hercules
handes, and alfo he fhulde fet Hercules G;ides a
mile yet ferther, and over that he had power of
ftrengch to pull up the fpere, that Alifander the
noble might never wagge, and that paflmge al
thinge to ben mayfter of Fraunce by might, there
as the noble gracious Fdwarde the thirde for al his
grete prowelTe in viftories nc might al yet conquere?
Certes I wote well, ther fiiall be made more
fcorne and jape of me, that I fo unwortheiy clothed
altogither in the cloudie cloude of unconning, wil
putten me in prces to fpeke of love, or els of the
caufes in that matter, fuhen al the grettefl; clerkes
han had ynough to don, and as who faith gathered
up clene tofornc 'hem, and with ther fharp fithes of
conning al mowen and made cherof grete rekes and
noble, ful of al plenties to fede me and many an
other. Envye forfothe commendeth noughte his
refon, that he hath in hain, be it never fo trulty.
And although thefe noble repers, as gode work-
men and worthy ther iiier, han al draw and bounde
up in the Iheves, and made many fhockcs, yet have
1 enfample to gaScr the fmale crommes, and fullin
ma walet of tho that fallen from the bourde among
the fmalle houndes, notwithftanding the travaile of
the almoigner, that hath draw up m il)e cloth al
the remilfiiles, as trenchours, and the relefe to
bere to the almeire. Yet alfo have 1 ieve of the
noble hulbande Boece, although I be a (Iraunger
of conningc to come after his dodrinc, and thefe

grete

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

I

grete workmen, and glene my handfuls of the
Ihedynge after ther handes, and yf me faile ought
of my ful, to encrefe my porcion with that I fhal
drawe by privy ties out of fhockes-, a flye fervaunte
in his owne heipe is often moche commended 5
knowynge of trouthe in caufcs of thynges, was
more hardier in the firfte fechers, and fo fayth
Ariftotle, and lighter in us that han folowed after.
For ther pafTing ftudy han freflied our wittes, and
oure underftandynge han excited in confideracion
of trouth by fliarpenes of ther refons. Utterly
thcfe thingcs be no dremcs ne japes, to throwe to
hoc^tres, it is lifelych mete for children of trouth,
and as they me betiden whan I pilgramed out of
my kith in wintere, whan the wether out of mefure
was bolftous, and the wyld w.ynd Boreas, as his
kind afketh, with dryingc coldes maked the wawes
of the ocean fe fo to arife unkindely over the com-
mune bankes that it was in point to fpill all the
crche.

The Prologues of the Canterbury Tales of
CHAUCER, from the MSS.

XX/HEN that Aprilis with his (houris fote,
^ ^ The drought of March had percid to the rote.
And iiathid every veyn in fuch licpur,
Of which vcrtuc engendrid is the flour.
When Zephyrus eke, with his fwete brcth
Enfpirid hath, in every holt and heth
The tender croppis ; and that the yong Sunn
Hath in the Kamm his halve cours yrunn :
And fmale foiriis makin melodye.
That Qepin alle night with opin eye,
(So prickith them nature in ther corage)
Then longin folk to go on pilgrimage :
And palmers for to fekin ftrange ftrondes,
To fervin hallowes couth in fondry londes:
And fpeciaUy fro every fhir'is end
Of England, to Canterbury they wend.
The holy blisfull martyr for to fckc.
That them hath holpin, whan that they were feke.

Befell that in that fefon on a day
In Southwerk at the Tabberd as I lay,
Redy to wcndin on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury, with devote corage.
At night wer come into that hoftery
Wcle nine and twenty in a cumpany
Of lundrie folk, by aventure yfall
In felafhip ; and pilgrimes wer they all:
That toward Canterbury wouldin ride.

The chambers and the ftabiis werin wide,
[And well we werin efid at the beft :
And fhortly whan the funne was to red.
So had I ipokin with them everych one.
That I was of ther felalhip anone j

Vol. I.

And made forward erli for to rife.

To take our weye, ther as I did devife.

But nathlefs while that I have time and fpace,
Er' that I farther in this tale pace,
Methinkith it accordaunt to refon.
To tell you alle the condition
Of ech of them, fo as it femid me.
And which they werin, and of what degree.
And eke in what array that they wer in :
And at a knight then woll I firft begin.

The Knight.

A knight ther was, and that a worthy man,
That fro the time that he firft began
To ridin out, he lovid Chevalrie,
Trouth and honour, fredome and curtefy.
Full worthy was he in his lordis wcrre.
And thereto had he riddin nane more ferre
As well in Chriftendom, as in Hethnefs j
And evyr honoured for his worthinefs.

At Aleflandre' he was whan it was wonj
Full oft timis he had the bord begon
Abovin alle naciouns in Pruce -,
In Lettow had he riddin, and in Luce,
No Chriften-man fo oft of his degree
In Granada •, in the fege had he be
Of Algezir, and ridd in Belmary ;
At Leyis war he, and at Sataly,
Whan that they wer won ; and in the grete fee
At many'a noble army had he be :
At mortal battails had he ben fiftene.
And foughtin for our feith at Tramefcne,
In liftis ihrys, and alwey flein his fo.

This ilke worthy knight hath ben alfo
Sometimis with the lord of Palathy,
Ayens anothir hethin in Turky j
And evirmore he had a fov'rane prize ;
And though that he was worthy, he was wife j
And of his port as mtke as is a maid.
He nevir yet no villany ne faid
In all his life unto no manner wight:
He was a very parfit gentil knight.
But for to tellin you of his array.
His hors wer good ; but he was nothing gay j
Of fuftian he werfd a gipon,
Alle bcfmottrid with his haburgeon.
For he was late ycome from his viage,
And wcnte for to do his pilgrimage.

The House of FAME.

The Firft Boke.

"XT O W herken, as I have you faied,
■*-^ What that I mette or I abraied,
Of December the tenith daie.
When it was night, to flepe 1 laie,
[h]

Right

THE HISTORY OF THE

Right as I was wontc for to docn.
And fill aQcpe wondir lone.
As he that was weiie forgo
On pilgrimage milis two
To the corps of fainft L.eonarde,
To makin lith that erll was harde.

But as mc flcpt mc mette I was
Within a temple' imadc of glas,
In whiche there wcrin mo images
Of golde, ftandyng in fondric lbge»,
Sette in mo riche tabirn-icles.
And with perrc mo pinnacles.
And mo curious portraituris,
And qucint manir of figuris
Of goldc worke, then 1 fawc CTir.

But certainly 1 n'ift ncvir
Where that it was, but well wift I
It was of Venus rcdily
This temple, for in purtrciture
1 fawe anone right her figure
Nakid yfletyng in a fe.
And alfo on her hedde parde
Her rofy garUnd white and redde.
And her combe for to kcmbe her hcddc.
Her dovis, and Dan Cupido
Her blinde fonne, and Vulcano,
That in his face ywas full broune.

But as I romid up and doune,
I founde that on the wall there was
Thus writtin on a table* of bras.

I woll now fyng, if that I can.
The armis, and alio the man.
That firll came through his deftine
Fiigitific fro Troye the countre
Into itaile, with full mochc pine.
Unto the ftrondis of Lavine,
And tho began the ftoric' anone.
As I (hall tellin you ecbone.

Firll fawe I the dilUuccion
Of Troie, thorough the Grcke Sinon,
With his falTc untrue forfwcryngcs.
And with his chere and his Icfynges,
That made a hori'e, brought into Troye,
By whiche Trojans lofte all their joye.

And aftir this was graved, alas !
How llions calhll aHailed was.
And won, and kyng Friamus llain.
And PoJites his ionre certain,
Difpitoutly of Dan Pyrrhus.

And next that fawc I howc Venus,
When that (he fawe the caftill brcnde,
Doune from hevin (he gan difccnde.
And bade her fonne ^neas He,
And how he fled, and how that he

Efcapid was from all the pre?,
And toko his fathrc*, old Anchifes,
And bare hym on his backe awaie.
Crying alas and wclawale !
The whiche Anchifes in his hande.
Bare tho the godJis of the lande
I mene thilke that unbrcnnid were.
Then fawe 1 next that all in fere
How Creufa, Dan /Eneas wife.
Whom that he lovid all his life.
And her yong fonne clepid Julo,
And eke Afcanius alio,
Fleddin eke, with full dreric chere.
That it was pile for to here.
And in a foreft as thei went
How at a tournyng of a went
Creufa was ilollc, alas !
That rede not I, how that it was
How he her fought, and how her ghofte
Bad hym to flic the Grekis hofte.
And faied he mufl: into Itaile,
As was his deftinie, fauns faile.
That it was pitic for to here.
When that her fpirite gan appere.
The wordis that Ihe to hym laied.
And for to kepc her fonne hym praied.
There fawe I gravin eke how he

His fathir eke, and his meine

With his Ihippis began to faile

Toward the countrey of Itaile,

As llreight as ere thei mightm go.
There fawe I eke the, cruill Juno,

That art Dan Jupiter his wife.

That hsft ihated all thy life

Mercilefs all the Trojan blode,

Rennin and crie as thou were wodc

On j^olus, the god of windcs.

To blowin out of alie kindes

So loude, that he (hould ydrenche

Lorde, and ladie, and grome, and wenche

Of all the Trojanis nacion.

Without any* of their falvacion.
There fawe I foche tempell arife.

That every herte might agrife.

To fe it painiid on the wall.
There lawe I eke grawin withall,

Venus, how ye, my ladie dere,

Ywcpyng with full wofuU cherc

Yprayid Jupiter on hie.

To lave and kepin that navie

Of that dere Trojan ^neas,

Sithins that he your fonne ywas.

Code

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Gode counfallc of Chaucer.

17 L I E fro the prcfe and dwell with fothfallnefle,
■*■ Suffife unto the gode though it be Jmali,
For horde hath hate, and climbyiig tikilneirc,
Prtce hath cnvie, and wcle it brent oer ail,
Savour no more4bcn the bchovin fhall.

Rede well thy felf, that othir folkc canft rede.
And trouthe the ihall delivir it 'is uodrcdc.
Paine the not cche crokid to rcdrefle.

In truft of her that tournith as a balle,
Crete reft ft.jndith in litil bulincfle.
Beware alio to fpurne ag^in a nalle.
Strive not as doith a crockc with a walle,
Dcmirh thy felf that demill othir's dcde.
And trouthe the fhall deliver it 'is no drede.
That the is fcnt rcceve in buxomentfll- •,

The wralUyng of this worlds aikith a fjU ;
Here is no home, here is but wildirncflV,
For'.he pilgrim, forthe o befl: out of thy flail,
Loke up on high, and thanke thy God of all,
Wcivith thy luile and let thy gholl the lede.
And trouthe the fhall delivir, it 'is no drede.

Balade of the village without paintyng.

'T' H 1 S wrctchid world'is tranfmutacion
■*• As wcle and wo, nov/e pore, and now honour.
Without ordir cr due difcrecion
Govirnid is by fortun'is crrour.
But nathelefle the lacke of her favour

Nc male not doc me fyng though that I die,
J'ay tout perdu, mon temps & mon labcur
For finally fortune I doc defie.
Yet is me left the fight of my rcfoun

To knowin frende fro foe in thy mirrour.
So moche hath yet thy tournyng up and doun,
I taughtin me to knowin in an hour,
But truily no force of thy reddour

To hym that ovir hymfelf hath maiftrie,.
My fuffifaunce yflial be my fuccour.
For finally fortune I do defie.
O Socrates, ihou ftedfalt champion.

She nc might nevir be thy turmcntour.
Thou nevir dreddilt her oppreffion,

Ne in her chcrc foundin thou no favour,
Thou knewe wcle the difccipt of her colour.

And that her mofte worfliip is for to lie,
1 knowe her eke a falfe dilTimulour.
For finally fortune I do defie.

The anfwerc of Fortune.

No man is wretchid but hymfelf it wene.
Me that yhaih hymfelf hath fuffifaunce.

Why faiert thou then I am to the fo kene,
1 hat hath ihyfclf out of my govirnaunce ?

Sale thus grant mercie of thin iiabundauncr,.

That thou hafl lentor this, thou (lialt not llrivej.
What wort thou yet how 1 the woll avauncc?
And eke thou hall thy beflc frende alive.
1 have the taught divifion bctwene

Frende of effcde, and frende of countinaunce.
The nedith not the galle of an hine.

That curith eyin derke for ther penaunce,
Now feeft thou clere that wcr in ignoraunce.
Yet holt thine anker, and thou maicfl arive
There bountie bereth the key of my fubftauncc,
And ckc thou hartc thy befte frende alive.
How many have I refufed to fuftene,

Sith I have the follrid in tliy pltfaunce ?

Wolt thou thcrn make a (latute on thy quene,

That I fhall be aie at thine ordinaoncc?

Thou born art in my reign of variaunce,

About the vi'hde with othir muft thou drive
My loie is bet, then wickc is thy grevaunce.
And ckc thou haft thy befte frende alive.

The anfwere to Fortune.
Thy lore I dampne, it is adverfitie.

My frcnd maill thou not revin blind goddefle,
That I thy frendis knowe I thanke it the,
Take 'hem again, let 'hem go lie a preftc-.
The nigardis in kepyng ther richcfTe

Pronoftike is thou wolt ther toure afTailf,
Wicke appetite comcth aie before fickenclle.
In gcncrall this rule nc maie not failc.

Fortune.
Thou pinchift at my mutabilitie.

For I the lent a droppe of my richcfte.
And now me likith to withdrawin me.
Why fliouldirt thou my roialtie opprclle ?
The fe maie ebbe and fl>)win more and lefTc,

Thewclkin hath might to ftiine, rain, and haile.
Right fo muft I kithin my brotilnefti?.
In generall this rule ne maie not faile.

The PlaintiiTe.
Lo, the' execucion of the majcftie,

That all purveighith of his rightwifencfTe,
That fame thyng fortune yclcpin ye;
Ye blinde beftia full of leudenefs !
The hevcn hath propirtie of fikirnefs.

This worldc hath evir reftlefTe travailc.
The laft dale is the ende of myne cntrcfTe,
In generall this rule nc maie not failc.

Th' cnvoye of Fortune.
Princes I praie you of your gentilncfTe,

Let not this man and me thus crie and plain.
And I fhall quitin you this bufinelTe,

And if ye lifte rcleve hym of his pain,
Praie ye his bcft frende of his nobltnefTc
1 hat to fome bettir ftate he maie attain.

Lydgsle

THE HISTORY OF THE

Lyigale was a rrtonk of 5«ry. who wrote about
the fame time with Chaucer. Out of his prologue
to his third book of The Fall of Princes a few
(lanzas are fclefted, which, being compared with
the ftylcof his two contemporaries, will fhow that
our language was then not written by caprice, but
was in a fettled (late.

T IKE a pilgrime which that goeth on foote,
•*-* And hath none horfe to releue his trauayle,
Whote, drye and wery, and may finde no bote
Of wel cold whan thruft doth hym aflayle.
Wine nor licour, that may to hym auayle.
Tight fo fare I which in my bufinefle,
No fuccour fynde my rudenes to redrefTe.

1 meane as thus, I haue no frcfh licour
Out of the conduices of Calliope,
Nor through Clio in rhetorike no floure.
In my labour for to refrefh me :
Nor of the fufters in noumber thrife three.
Which with Cithera on Parnafo dwell, '

They neuer me gaue drinke once of their wel.

Nor of theyr Ipringes clere and chriftaline,
' That fprange by touchyng of the Pegafe,
Their fauour lacketh my making ten lumine
I fynde theyr bawme of fo great fcarcitie.
To tame their tunnes with fome drop of plentie
For Foliphemus tTirow his great blindnes,
Hath in me derked of Argus the brightnes.

Our life here fliort of wit the great dulnes
The heuy foule troubled with trauayle.
And of memorye the glafyng brotelnes,
Drede and vncunning haue made a ftrong batail
With werines my fpirite to affayle.
And with their fubtil creping in mod queint
Hath made my fpirit in makyng for to feint.

And ouermore, the ferefull frowardnes
Of my ftepmother called obliuion.
Hath a baftyil of foryetfulnes,
To ftoppe the paflagc, and Ihadow my reafon
That I might haue no clere direccion.
In tranflatinf^ of new to quicke me,
Stories to write of olde antiquite.

Thus was I fet and ftode in double werre
At the metyng of fearefiil wayes tweyne.
The one was this, who cuer lift to lere,
"Whereas good wyll gan me conftrayne,
Bochas taccomplifli for to doe my payne.
Came ignoraunce, with a menace of drede,
My penne to reft I durft not procedc.

Fortefcue was chief juftice of the Common Plea's,
in the reign of king Henry W. He retired in
147 1, after the battle of Tcwkefbury, and pro-
bably wrote mod of his works in his privacy.
The following pafla^e is fclectcd from his book

of the' Difference between an abfolute and limited Mo-
narch/.

TJYT may peraventure be marvelid by fome men,
■*■•■• why one Realme is a Lordlhyp only Royally
and the Prynce thereof rulyth yt by his Law, callid
Jus Regale ; and another Kyngdome is a Lordfchip,
Royalland Polilike, and the Prince thereof rulyth by
a Lawe, callyd Jus Politicum^ Regale-, fythen thes
two Princes bcth of egail Aftate.

To this dowte it may be anfwcryd in this man-
ner; The firft Inftitution of thes twoo Rcalmys,
upon the Incorporation of them, is the Caufe of
this diverfyte.

When Nembroth by Might, for his own Glorye,
made and incorporate the firft Realme, and lub-
duyd it to hymfelf by Tyrannye, he would not
have it governyd by any other Rule or Lawe,
but by his own Will ; by which and for th' ac-
complifliment thereof he made it. And therfor,
though he had thus made a Realme, holy Scripture
denyyd to cal hym a Kyng, ^da Rex dicitur a Re-
^ende; Whych thyng he dyd not, but oppreflyd
the People by Myght, and therfor he was a Ty-
rant, and callid Primus Tyranmrum, But holy
Writ callith hym Robuftus Venator coram Deo. For
as the Hunter takyth ttie wyld befte for to fcleand
eatehymj fo Nembroth fubduyd to him the People
with Might, to have their fervice and their goods,
ufing upon them the Lordfchip that is callid Domi-
vium Regale tantum. After hym Bclus that was
callid firft a Kyng, and after hym his Sone Nynus,
and after hym other Panyms ; They, by Example
of Nembroth, made them Realmys, would not
have them rulyd by other Lawys than by their own
Wills. Which Lawys ben right good under good
Princes; and theirKyngdoms a then moftrefemblyd
to the Kyngdome of God, which reynith upon Man,
rulyng iiim by hys own Will. Wherfor many
Cryftyn Princes ufen the fame Lawe; and therfor it
is, that the Lawys fay en, ^od Principi placuit Legis
habet vigorem. And thus I fuppofe firft beganne in
Realmy-s, Dominium tantum Regale. But afterward,
whan Mankynd was more manfuete, and better dif-
pofyd to Vertue, Grete Communalties, as was the
Felifhip, that came into this Lond with Brute,
wyllyng to be unyed and made a Body Politike
callid a Realme, havyng an Heed to govcrne it ; as
after the Saying of the Philofophcr, every Com-
munahie unyed of many parts muft needs have an
Heed ; than they chole the fame Brute to be their
Heed and Kyng. And they and he upon this In-
corporation and Inftitution, and onyng of themfclf
into a Realme, ordeynyd the fame Realme fo to be
rulyd and juftyfyd by fuch Lawys, as they al would
aflcnt unto ; which Law therfur is callid Politicum;
and bycaufe it is mynyftrid by a Kyng, it is callid

Regale.

\

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Regale. Dominium Poliiicum dicitur quafi Regimen,
flurium Scientia,Jive Confiiio tnimfiratum. The Kyng
of Scotts reyniih upon his People by this Lawc,
videlicet, Regimine Politico fc? Regali. And as Dio-
dorus Syculus faith, in his Boke de prifcis Hijloriis,
The Realme of Egvpre is rulid by the fame Lawe,
and therfor the Kyng therof chaungith not his
Lawes, without the Aflent of his People. And in
like forme as he faith is ruled the Kyngdome of
Saba, in Felici Arabia, and the Lond of Libie;
And alfo the more parte of al the Realmys in
Afrike. "Which manner of Rule and Lordfljip, the
fayd Diodorus in that Boke, prayfith gretely. For
it is not only good for the Prince, that may thereby
the more fewerly do Jurtice, than by his owne Ar-
bitriment ; but it is alfo good for his People that
receyve therby, fuch Jullice as they defyer them-
feif. Now as me feymth, it ys fhewyd opinly
ynough, why one Kyng rulyth and re_ynith on his
People Dominio tantum Regali, and that other rey-
nith Dominio Politico ^Regali: For that one Kyng-

dome beganne, of and by, the Might of the Prince,
and the other beganne, by the Defter and Inftitu-
tion of the People of the fame Prince.

Of the works of Sir Thomas More it was necefTary
to give a larger fpecimcn, both becaufe our lan-
guage was then in a great degree formed and
fettled, and becaufe it appears from Ben Jonjon,
that his works were confidered as models of pure
and elegant ftyle. The tale, which is placed firft»
becaufe earlicft written, will Ihow what an atten-
tive reader will, in perufing our old writers, often
remark, that the familiar and colloquial part of
our language, being diffufed among thofe clafles
who had no ambition of refinement, lOr affedlation
of novelty, has fuHered very little change. There
is another reafon why the extrads from this author
are more copious : his works are carefully and cor-
rectly printed, and may therefore be better f ulled
than any other edition of the Engltjh books of that,
or the preceding ages.

A merry iefl how a fergeant would
Icarne to playe the frere. Writ-
ten by maifter Thomas More in
hys youth.

"IXT'YSE men alway,

" Affyrmc and fay.

That beft is for a man :
Diligently,
For to apply,

The bufincs that he can.
And in no wyfe,
To enterpryfe.

An other faculte.
For he that wyll.
And can no fkyll.

Is neuer lyke to the.
He that hath lafte.
The hofiers crafte.

And falleth to making fhone,
The fmythe that (hall,
To payntyng fall.

His thrift is well nigh done.
A blacke draper.
With whyte paper.

To goe to writyng fcole,"
An olde butler,
Becum a cutler,

I wene fhall proue afole.
And an olde trot.
That can I wot,

Nothyng but kylTc the cup.
With her phifick,
Wil kepe on ficke,

Tyll (he have foufed hym vp.

Vol. I.

A man of lawe.
That neuer fawe.

The wayes to bye and fell,
Wenyng to ryfe.
By marchaundife,

I wi(h to fpede hym well,
A marchaunt eke.
That wyll goo feke.

By all the meanes he may,
To fall in fute,
Tyll he difpute.

His money cleane away,
Pletyng the lawe.
For euery ftrawe.

Shall proue a thrifty man,
With bate and ftrifc,
But by my life,

I cannot tell you whan.
Whan an hatter
Wyll go fmattcr

In philofophy.
Or a pedlar.
Ware a medlar.

In theology.
All that enfufc,
Suche craftes new.

They driue fo farre a caft,
That euermore.
They do therfore,

Befhrewe themfelfe at laft.
This thing^was tryed
And verefyed.

Here by a fergeaunt late.

[i]

That thriftly was.
Or he coulde pas,

Rapped about the pate,
Whyle that he would
See how he could,

A little play the frere :
Now yf you wyll,
Knowe how it fyll,

Take hede and ye (hall here.
It happed fo.
Not long ago,

A thrifty man there dyed.
An hundred pounde.
Of nobles rounde.

That had he layd a fide :
His fonne he wolde.
Should haue this golde.

For to beginne with all :
But to fuffife
His chylde, well thrife.

That money was to fmal.
Yet or this day
1 have hard fay.

That many a man certefle,
Hath with good cafl,
Be ryche at laft.

That hath begonne with lefle.
But this yonge manne,
So well beganne,

His money to imploy.
That certainly.
His policy.

To fee it was a joy.

For

THE HISTORY OF THE

For left fum blaft,
Myght ouer raft.

His (hip, or by mifchauncc,
Men with fum wile,
Myght hym begyle.

And mini(h his fubftaunce,
For to put out.
All mancr dout.

He made a good puruay.
For euery whyt.
By his owne wyr,

And toke an other way :
Firft fayrc and wele,
Therof much dele.

He dygged it in a pot,
But then him thought.
That way was nought.

And there he left it not.
So was he faine.
From thence agayne.

To put it in a cup.
And by and by,
Couetoufly,

He fupped it fayre vp.
In his owne brcft.
He thought it bcft.

His money to cnclofe,
Therv wift he well,
"What euer fell,

He coulde it neuer lofe.
He borrowed then,
Of other men,

Money and marchaundife :
Neuer payd it.
Up he laid it.

In like maner wyfe.
Yet on the gere.
That he would were,'

He reight not what he fpent.
So it were nyce.
As for the price.

Could him not mifcontent.
"With lufty fporte,
And with rclort,

Of ioly company,
In mirth and play.
Full many a day.

He liU'.d merely.
And men had fworne.
Some man is borne.

To haue a lucky howre.
And fo was he.
For fuch dcgrc,

He gat and fuche honour.
That without dour,
"Whan he went our, ^

A fergcaunt well and fayrc,

Was redy ftrayte.
On him to wayte.

As fone as on the mayre.
But he doubtlefTe,
Of his mckcnefrc.

Hated fuch pompc and pride.
And -would not go,
Companicd fo.

But drewe himfelf a fide.
To faint Kaiharin?,
Strei^ as a line.

He gate him at a tyde.
For deuocion.
Or promocion.

There would he nedcs abyde.
There fpent he f^ft,
Till all were paft.

And to him came there meny.
To afke theyr debt.
But none could get.

The valour of a peny.
With vifage ftout,
He bare it our,

Euen vnto the harde hedge,
A month or twaine,
Tyll he was fayne.

To lay his gowne to pledge.
Than was he there.
In greater feare.

Than ere that he came thither.
And would as fayne.
Depart againe.

But that he wift not whither.
Than after this.
To a frende of his,

He went and there abode,
Where as he lay.
So fick alway.

He myght not come abrcde.
It happed than,
A marchaunt man.

That he ought money tro.
Of an officere,
That gan enquere.

What him was bcft to do.
And he anfwerde.
Be not aferde.

Take an accion thcrfore,
I you belicrte,
I ftiall hym rcfte.

And than carc for no more.
I feare qviod he.
It wyll not be.

For he wyll not come out.
The fergc,!unt faid.
Be not afra\d.

It ftiall be brought about.

In many a game,
Lyke to the fame,

Haue I bene well in vre.
And for your fake.
Let me be bake.

But yf I do this cure.
Thus part they both.
And foorth then goth,.

A pace this officere.
And for a day.
All his array.

He chaunged with a frcre.
So was he dight,
That no man might,

Hym for a frere deny.
He doppcd and dooked.
He fp>ike and looked.

So religioofly.
Yet in a glafle.
Or he would pafie.

He toted and he peered,'
His harte for pryde,
Lepte in his fyde.

To fee how well he freeied.
Than forth a pace.
Unto the place.

He goeth withouten ftiame
To do this dede.
But now take hede.

For here begynneth the game.
He drew hym ny.
And foftely,

Streyght at the dore he knocked :
And a damfeil,
That hard hym well.

There came and it vnlocked.
The frere fayd.
Good fpede fayre mayd.

Here lodgeth fuch a man,
It is told me :
Well fyr quod flie.

And yf he do what than.
Qiiod he mayftrefTe,
No harm doutieffe :

It longeth for our order.
To liurt no man.
But as we can,

Euery wight to forder.
With hym truly,
Fayne fpeake would I.

Sir quod flie by my fay.
He is fo fike.
Ye be not lyke.

To fpeake with hym to day.
Qiiod he fayrc may.
Yet I you prjy.

This muclr at my defire,

Vcucliefafc

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Vouchefafe to do,
As go hym to.

And fay an auften frere
Would with hym Tpeke,
And matters breake.

For his auayle certayn.
Quod fhe I wyll,
Stonde ye here ftyll,

Tyll 1 come dovvne agayn.
Vp is (he go.
And told hym fo,

As fhe was bode to fay.
He miftruftyng,
No maner thyng,

Sayd mayden go thy way.
And fetch him hyder.
That we togyder.

May talk. A downe (he goth
Vp fhe hym brought.
No harme (he thought.

But it made fome foike wrothe,
This officere.
This fayned frere.

Whan he was come aloft,
He dopped than,
And grece this man,

Religioudy and oft.
And he agayn,
Ryght glad and fayn,

Toke hym there by the hande.
The frere than fayd.
Ye be difmayd.

With trouble I underllande.
In dede quod he.
It hath with me,

Bene.better than it is.
Syr quod the frere.
Be of good cherr.

Yet (hall it after this.
But I would now,
Comen with you,

In counfayle yf you pleafe,
Or ellys nac
Of matters that.

Shall fet your heart at cafe.
Downe went the mayd.
The marchauni fayd.

No fay on gentle frere,
Of thys tydyng.
That ye me bryng,

I tong full fore to here.
Whan there was none,
But they alone,
The frere with cuyll gracp,

Sayd, I reft the.
Come on with me.

And out he toke his mace :
Thou (halt obay.
Come on thy way,

I have the in my douche.
Thou goeft not hence.
For all the penfe

The mayre hath in his pouche.
This marchaunt there.
For wrath and fere,.

He waxyng welnygh wood,
Sayd horlbn thefe,
Witli a mifchefc.

Who hach taught thee thy good.
And with his filb,
Vpon the lyft,
e. He gaue hym fuch a blow.
That backward downe,
Almoft in fowne.

The frere is ouerthrow.
Yet was this man.
Well fearder than.

Left he the frere had flayne.
Till with good rappes.
And heuy clappes.

He dawde hym vp agayne.
The frere toke harte.
And vp he ftarte.

And well he layde about,
And fo there goth,
Bctwene them both.

Many a lufty clout.
They rent and tcre,
Eche others here.

And claue togyder faft,
Tyll with luggyng.
And with tuggyng.

They fell downe bothe at laft.
Than on the grounde,
Togyder rounde.

With many a fadde ftroke.
They roll and rumble.
They turne and tumble.

As pygges do in a poke.
So long aboue.
They heus and (houe,

Togider that at laft.
The mayd and wyfc.
To breake the ftrife,

Hyed ihem vpward fafl-.
And whan they fpye,
The captaynes lye.

Both wahring on the place.

The freres hood.
They pulled a good,

Adowne about his face.
Whyle he was blynde.
The wenche behynde.

Lent him leyd on'^he flore,
M;'.ny a ioule.
About the noule.

With a great batyldore.
The wyfe came yet.
And with her fete.

She holpe to kepe him downe.
And with her rocke.
Many a knocke.

She gaue hym on the crowne.
They layd his mace.
About his face.

That he was wood for payne :
The fryre frappe,
Gate many a fwappe,

Tyll he was full nygh flayne.
Vp they hym life.
And with yll thrift,

Hedlyng a long the ftayre,
Downe they hym threwe.
And fayde adewe,

Commcnde us to the mayre.
The frere arofe.
But I fuppofe,

Amafed was his hed.
He Pnoke his eares.
And from grcte feares.

He thought hym well yfled.
Qiiod he now loft.
Is all this coft.

We be neuer the nere.
Ill mote he be.
That caufcd me.

To make my felf a frere.
Now mafters all.
Here now I ftiall,

Ende there as I began.
In any wyfe,
1 would auyfe.

And counfayle euery man,
His owne craft vfe.
All newe rcfufe.

And lyghtly let them gone:
Play not the frere.
Now make good chere.

And welcome euerych one.

[ij 2

A ruful

THE HISTORY OF THE

A ruful lamentacion (writcn by maftcr Thomas
More in his youth) of the dcth of quene Elifa-
beth mother to king Henry the eight, wife to
king Henry the feucnth, and the cldeft doughter
to king Edward the fourih, which quene Elifa-
bcth dyed in childbed in February in the yere of
our Lord 1503, and in the 18 yere of the raigne
of king Henry the feucnth.

/^ Y li that put your truft and confidence,

^^ In worldly ioy and frayle profperiie.

That fo lyue here as ye (hould neuer hence,

Remember death and loke here vppon me.

Enfaumple I thynke there may no better be.

Your felfc wottc well that in this realme was T,

Your quene but late, and lo now here I lye.
Was I not borne of olde worthy linage ?

Was not my mother quecne my father kyng ?

Was I not a kinges fere in marriage ?

Had I not plenty of euery plcafaunt thyng ?

Mercifull god this is a ftraunge reckenyng :

Rychcffc-, honour, welth, and aunceftry.

Hath me forfaken and lo now here I ly.

If worfhip myght haue kept me, I had not gone.

If wyt myght haue me faued, I neded not fere.

If money myght haue holpe, I lacked none.

But O good God what vayleth all this gere.

When dtth is come thy mighty mefTangcre,

Obey we muft there is no remedy.

Me hath he fommoned, and lo now here I ly.
Yet was I late promifed otherwyfe.

This yere to liue in welth and delice.

Lo where to commeth thy blandifhyng promyfe,

O falfe aftrolagy and deuynatrice.

Of goddes fecretes makyng thy felfe fo wyfe.

How true is for this yere thy prophecy.

The yere yet lafteth, and lo now here I ly.
O bryttil welth, as full of bitternefle.

Thy fingle pleafure doubled is with payne.

Account my forow firft and my diftrefTe,
In fondry wyfe, and recken there agayne.
The ioy that I haue had, and I dare fayne.
For all my honour, endured yet haue ly,
More wo than welth, and lo now here 1 ly.

Where are our cartels, now where are our towers.
Goodly Rychmonde foiie arc thi)U gone from me,
Al Weftminfter that coftly worke of yours,
Myne owne derc lorde now (hall I neuer fee.
Almighty god vouchefafe to graunt that ye.
For you and your children well may edety.
My paly.e bylded is, and lo now here I ly.

Adew myne owne dcre fpoufe my worthy lorde,
The faithfull loue, that dyd vs both combyne.
In mariagc and peafable concorde.
Into your han.ies here 1 clcane refyne.
To be beftowed vppon your children and myne.
Erft wer you father, and now muft ye fupply.
The mothers part alfo, for lo now here 1 ly.

Farewell my doughter lady Margerete.
God wotce full oft it greucd huh my mynde,
That ye fliould go where we fliould feldome metCt
Now am 1 gone, and haue left you behynde.
O mortall folke that we be very blyndc.
That we leaft feare, full oft it is moft nyc.
From you depart I fyrft, and lo now here I ly.

Farewell Madame my lordes worthy mother.
Comfort your fonne, and be ye of good chere.
Take all a worth, for it will be no nother.
Farewell my doughter Katherine late the fere,
To prince Arthur myne owne chyld fo dere.
It booteth not for me to wepe or cry.
Pray for my foule, for lo now here I ly.

Adew lord Henry my louyng fonne adew.
Our lorde encreafe your honour and eftate,
Adew my doughter Mary bright of hew,
God make you vertuous wyfe and fortunate.
Adew fwete hart my litle doughter Kate,
Thou (halt fwete babe fuche is thy defteny.
Thy mother neuer know, for lo now here I ly.

Lady Cicyly Anne and Katheryne,
Farewell my welbeloved fillers three,

0 lady Briget other fifter myne,

Lo here thcende of worldly vanitee.
Now well are ye that earthly foly fiee.
And heuenly thynges loue and magnify.
Farewell and pray for me, for lo now here I ly,

A dew my lordes, a dew my ladies all,
A dew my faithful feruauntes euerych one,
A dew my commons whom 1 neuer fliall,
See in this world wherfore to the alone.
Immortal! god verely three and one,

1 me conimende. Thy infinite mercy.
Shew to thy feruant, for lo now here I ly.

Certain meters in Englilh written by mafter Thomas
More in hys youth for the boke of fortune, and
caufed them to be printed in the begynnyng of
that boke.

The wordes of Fortune to the people.

TV/TINE high eftate power and audtoritie,
■^ ■*■ If \e ne know, enferche and ye (hall fpye.
That riche{re, worfhip, welth, and dignirie,
Joy, reft, and peace, and all thyng fynally.
That any pleafure or profit may come by.
To mannes comfort, ayde, and fuftinaunce.
Is all at my deuyfe and ordinaunce.

Without my fauour there is nothyng wonne.
Many a matter haue I brought at laft,
To good conckifion, that fondly was begonne.
And many a purpofe, bounden fure and taft
With wife prouifion, I haue ouercaft.
Without good happe there may no wit fufEfe.
Better is to be fortunate than wyfe.

And

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

And therefore hath there fome men bene or this.
My deadly foes and written many a boke.
To my diiprayfe. And other caufe there nys.
But for me hft not fiendly on them loke.
Thus lyke the fox they fare that once iorfoke,
The pleafaunt grapes, and gan for to defy them,
Becaufe he Icpt and yet could not come by them.

But let them write thcyr labour is in vayne.
For well ye wote, myrth, honour, and ticheffe.
Much better is than penury and payne.
The nedy wretch that iihgereth in diftrefle.
Without myne helpe is euer comfortlefle,
A wery burden odious and loth.
To all the world, and eke to him felfe both.

But he that by my fauour may afcende.
To mighty power and excellent degree,
A common wele to gouerne and dcfendc,
O in how blift condition ftandeth he:
Him felf in honour and fclicite,
And ouer that, may forther and increafe,
A region hole in ioyfull reft and peace.

Now in this poynt there is no more to fay,
Eche man hath of him fclf the gouernaunce.
Let euery wight than folowe his owne way.
And he that out of pouertee and mifchaunce.
Lift for to liue, and wyll him fclfe cnhaunce.
In wealth and richefle, come forth and wayie on

me.
And he that wyll be a beggar, let hym be.

Thomas More to them that truft in Fortune.

'T'HOU that art prowde of honour (hape or kynne,
"*• That hepeft vp this wretched worldes treafure.
Thy fingers ftirined with gold, thy tawny fkynne.
With freftj apparyle garnilhed out of meafure.
And weneft to haue fortune at thy plcafure,
Caft vp thyne eye, and loke how flipper chaunce,
llludeth her men with chaunge and varyaunce.

Sometyme ftie lokcth as louely fayre and bright,
As goodly Ucnus mother of Cupydc.
She becketh and ftie fmileth on eucry wight.
But this chere fayned, may not long abide.
There comcth a cloude, and farewell all our pryde.
Like any ferpcnt ftie beginneth to fwell.
And looketh as fierce as any fury of hell.

Yet for all that we brotle men are fayne,
(So wretched is our nature and fo blynde)
As foone as Fortune lift to laugh agayne,
With fayre countenaunce and difceitfull mynde.
To crouche and knele and gape after the wynde.
Not one or twayne but thoufandes in a rout,
Lyke fwarmyng bees come flickeryng her aboute.

Then as a bayte ftie bryngeth forth her ware,
Siluer, gold, riche perle, and precious ftone;
On whiche the mated people gafe and ftare.
And gape therefore, as dogges doe for the bone,
l^criune ac them laughctb, and in her trone

Amyd her treafure and waueryng rychefle,
Prowdly ftie houeth as lady and emprefic.

Faft by her fyde doth wery labour ftand.
Pale fere alfo, and forow all bewept,
Difdayn and hatred on the other hand.
Eke reftles watchefro flepe with trauayle kept.
His eyes drowfy and lokyng as he flept.
Before her ftandeth daunger and enuy.
Flattery, dyfceyt, mifchitfe and tiranny.

About her commeth all the world to begge.
He afl<e:h lande, and he to pas would bryng.
This toye and that, and all not worth an cgge:
He would in loue profper aboue all thyng:
He kneleth downe and would be made a kyng:
He forceth not fo he may money haue,
Though all the worlde accompt hym for a knauc.

Lo thus ye fee diucrs heddes, diuers wittes.
Fortune alone as diuers as they all,
Vnftable here and there among them flittesr
And at auenture downe her giftcs fall.
Catch who fo may ftie throweth great and fmall
Not to all men, as commeth fonne or dewe.
But for the moft part, all among a fewe.

And yet her brotell giftes long may not laft.
He that ftiegaue them, loketh prowde and hyc.
She whirlth about and pluckth away as faft.
And geueth them to an other by and by.
And thus from man to man continually.
She vfeth to geue and take, and flily tofle.
One man to wynnyng of an others lofte.

And when ftie robbeth one, down goth his pryde.
He wepeth and wayleth and curfeth her full fore.
But he that receueth it, on that other fyde.
Is glad, and blefth her often tymes therefore.
But in a whyle when ftie loueth hym no more»
She glydeth from hym, and her giftes to.
And he her curfeth, as other fooles do.

Alas the folyfti people can not ceafe,
Ne voyd her trayne, tyll they the harme do fele.
About her alway, befely they preace.
But lord how he doth thynk hym felf full wele.
That may fct once his hande vppon her whele.
He holdeth faft: but vpward as he flieth.
She whippeth her whele about, and there he lyeth.

Thus fell Julius from his mighty power.
Thus fell Darius the worthy kyng of Perfe.
Thus fell Alexander the great conquerour.
Thus many mo then I may well reherfe.
Thus double fortune, when flie lyft reuerfe
Her flipper fauour fro them that in her truft.
She fieeth her wey and leyeth them in the duft.

She fodeinly enhaunceth them aloft.
And fodeynly mifcheueth all the flocke.
The head that late lay eafily and full loft.
In ftede of pylows lyeth after on the blocke.
And yet alas the moft crucll proude mocker
1 he deynty mowth that ladyes kifled haue.
She bryngeth in the cafe to kyCfe a knaue.

In

THE HISTORY OF THE

In chaungyngof her courfe, the chaunge {hcwth
tRis,
Vp ftartth a knaue, and downe there faith a knight,
The beggar ryche, and the ryche man pore is.
Hatred is turned to loue, loue to defpyght.
This is her fporr, thus proueth fhe her myght.
Great bode flie maketh yf one be by her pov/cr,
Wclthy and wretched both within an howre.

I'oucrtec that of her giftcs wyl nothing take,
"Wyth mery chere, looketh vppon the prece.
And feeth how fortunes houlhold goeth to wrake.
Faft by her ftandeth the wyfe Socrates,
Arriftippus, Pythagoras, and many a Icfe,
Of olde philofophcrs. And eke agaynft the fonnc
Btrkyth hym poors Diogenes in his tonne.

With her is Byas, whofe countrey lackt defence,
And whylom of their foes ftode fo in dout.
That eche man hartely gan to cary thence.
And afked hym why he nought caryed out.
1 bere quod he all myne with me about:
Wiledom he ment, not fortunes brotle fees.
For nought he counted his that he might leefe.

Heraclitus eke, lyft felowfliip to kepe
With glad pouertee, Democritus alio:
Of which the fyrfl: can neuer ceafe but wepe,
To fee how thick the blynded people go,
"With labour great to purchafe care and wo.
That other laughcth to fee the foolyfh apes,
How earneftly they walk about theyr capes.

Of this poore fcft, it is comen vfage,
Onely to take that nature may foftayne,
Binilhing cleane all other furplufage.
They be content, and of nothyng complayne.
No nygarde eke is of his good lo fayne.
But they more ple^fure haue a thoufande folde,
'1 he i'ecrete draughtes of nature to beholde.

Set fortunes lervauntes by them and ye wull,
Ti.at one is free, that other euer thrall.
That one content, that other neuer full,
'I'hat one in furetye, that other lyke to fall.
"Who lyrt to adiiile them bothe, parceyue he (hall.
As great difference between them as we fee,
Betv.ixte wretchcdnes and fciicite.

No.ve haue I fhewed you bothe: thefe whiche ye

lyft.

Stately fortune, or humble poucrtec:
That is to fay, nowe lyeth it in your fyft.
To take here bondag'e, or free liberiee.
But in thys poynte and ye do after me,
Dr.iw you to fortune, and labour her to pleafe,
If that ye thynke your fclfe to well at eafe.

And fyrft vppon the louely (hall (he fmile,
And frcndlv on the caft her wandering eyes
Embrace the in her armes, and for a whyle,
Put the and kepe the in a foolcs paradifc:
And foorth with all whit fo thou lyft deuife.
She wyll the graunt it liberally perhappes :
But for all that beware of after clappcs.

Recken you neuer of her fauoure fure:
Ye may in clowds as eafily trace an hare.
Or in drye lande caufe fiflies to endure.
And make the burnyng fyrc his hcate to fpare.
And all thys worlde in compace to forfare,
As her to make by craft or engine (lable.
That of her nature is euer variable.

Serue her day and nyght as reuerently,
Vppon thy knees as any feru^unt may.
And in conclufion, that thou flialt winne thereby
Shall not be worth thy fervyce I dare fay.
And looke yet what Ihe geueth the lo day.
With labour wonne (he (hall happly to morow
Plucke it agayne out of thyne hand with forow.

Wherefore yf thou in furetye lyft to ftande.
Take pouerties parte and let prowde fortune go-,
Receyue nothyng that commeth from her hande.
Loue maner and vertue: they be onely tho.
Whiche double fortune may not take the fro.
Then may ft th6u boldly defye her turnyng chaunce :
She can the neyther hynder nor auaunce.

But and thou wylt nedes medie with her treafure/
Truft not therein, and fpende it liberally.
-Beare the not proude, nor take not out of meafure.
Bylde not thyne houfe on heyth vp in the (kye.
Nonne falleth farre, but he that climbeth hye.
Remember nature fent the hyther bare.
The gyftes of fortune count them borowed ware.

Thomas More to them that fcke Fortune.
\

WHO {o delyteth to prouen and aCfay,
Of waveryng fortune the vncertayne lot,
If that the aunfwere pleafe you not alway.
Blame ye not tne: for I commaunde you nor.
Fortune to truft, and eke full well ye vvor,
I haue of her no brydle in my lift,
She rcnneth loofe, and turnetn where (lie lyft.

TheroUyngdyfe inwhomeyourluckedothltande.
With whole vnhappy chaunce ye be fo wroth.
Ye knowe your felfe came neuer in myne hande.
Lo in rjiis ponde be fydie and frogges both.
Caft in your nette : but be you liefe or lotiie.
Hold you content as fortune lyft ailyne:
For it is your owne fylhyng and not myne.

And though in one chaunce fortune you oftcnd.
Grudge not there at, but beare a mery face.
In many an other Ihe (hall it amende.
There is no manne fo farre out of her grace.
But he Ibmetyme hath comfort and folace:
Ne none agayne fo farre foorth in her fauour.
That is full fatisfyed with her behauiour.

Fortune is llately, folemne, prowde, and hye:
And rychelTe geueth, to haue feruyce therefore.
The nedy begger catcheth an halfpeny.
Some manne a thoufande pounde, fome lefie feme

more.
But for all chat (he kepcth euer in (lore.

From

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

From euery manne fome parcell of his wyl!.
That he may pray therfore and ferue her ftyll.

Some manne hath good, but-chyldren hath he
none.
Some manne hath both, but he can get none health.
Some hath al thre, but vp to honours trone,
Can he not crepe, by no maner of ftelth.
'J"o fome fhe fendt-ih, children, ryches, welthe.
Honour, woorfhyp, and reuerence all hys lyfe:
But yet fhe pynchech hym with a fhrewde wyfe.

Then for afmuch as it is fortunes guyfe.
To graunt to manne all thyng that he wyll axe.
But as her felfe lyft order and deuyfe,
Toth eucry manne his parte diuide and tax,
1 counlayle you eche one trufTe vp your packes.
And take no thyng at all, or be content.
With fnche rcvvarde as fortune hath you fent.

All thynges in this boke that ye fhall rede.
Doe as ye lyft, there Jhall no manne you bynde.
Them to beleue, as furely as your crede.
But notwithltandyng certes in my mynde,
I durft well fwere, as true ye (hall them fynde.
In euery poynt eche anfwere by and by.
As are the iudgementes of aftronomye.

R'

The Defcripcion of Richard the thirde.

ICHARDE the third fonne, of whom we
nowe entrcate, was in witte and courige egall
with cither of ihem, in bodye and prowefle farre
vnder them bothe, little of ftature, ill fetured of
limmes, croke backed, his left (boulder much
higher than his right, hard fauoured of vifage, and
fuch as is in ftates called warlye, in other menne
otherwife, he was malicious, wrathfull, cnuious,
and from afore his binh, euer frowarde. It is for
trouth reported, that the duches his mother had fo
much a doe in her trauaile: that fhee coulde not
bre deliuered of hym vncutte, and that he came
into the world with the feete forwarde, as menne
bee borne outwarde, and (as the fame runneth) alfo
not vntothed, whither menne of hatred reporte
aboue the trouthe, or elles that nature chaungcd
her courfe in hys beginninge, whiche in the courfe
of his lyfe many thinges vnnaturallye committed.
None euill captaine was hce in the warre, as to
whiche his difpoficion was more metcly then for
peace. Sundrye viftories hadde hee, and fomme-
time ouerthrowes, but neuer in defaulte as for his
owne parfone, either of hardineffe or polytike order,
free was hee called of dyfpence, and fommcwhat
aboue hys power liberall, with large giftes hee get
him vnftedfarte frendelhippe, for whiche hee was
fain to pil and fpoyle in other places, and get him
p ...u a t-ijtrt-d, Hee was dole and fecrete, a deepe
< T, lowlye of'couiiteynaunce, arrogant of

heart, outwardly coumpinable where he inwardf ly

hated, not letting to kifle whome he thoughte to
k\l!: difpitious and crucll, not for euill will alway,
but after for ainbicion, and either for the I'uretie arvd
encreafe of his eftate. Frende and foo was muche
what indificrent, where his aduauntage grew, he
fpared no mans deathe, whofe life withltoode his
purpofe. He flewe with his owne handes king
Henry the fixt, being piiloner in the Tower, as
menne ccnftantly fayc, and that without com-
maundemcnt or knoweledge of the king, whiche
woulde vndoubtedly yf he had entended thatthinge^
haue appointed that boocherly office, to foirie other
then his owne borne brother.

Somme wife menne alfo weene, that his drift
couertly conuayde, lacked not in helping furth his
brother of Clarence to his death: whiche hee refifted
openly, howbcit fomwhat (as menne deme) more
faintly then he that wer hartely minded to his
welth. And they that thus dcnic, think that he
long time in king Edwardes life, forethought to be
king in that cafe the king his brother (whole life
hee looked that euil dyete Ihoulde (horten) flioulde
happen to deceafe (as in dede he did) while his
children wer yonge. And thci deme, that for thys
intente he was gladde of his brothers death the
duke of Clarence, whofe life muft nedes haue hin-
dered hym (o entendynge, whither the fame duke
of Clarence hadde kepte him, true to his nephew
the yonge king, or enterprifed to be kyng him-
felfe. But of al this pointe, is there no certain tie,
and whofo diuineih vppon conicdhures, maye as wel
fliote to farre as to fliort. Howbcit this h -ue I by
credible informacion learned, that the felfe nighte
in whiche kynge Edwarde died, one Myftlebrooke
longe ere mornynge, came in greate hafte to the
houle of one Pottyer dwellyng in Reddecroffe ftrete
without Crepulgate : and when he was with haftye
rappyng quickly Ictten in, hee fhcwed vnto P?ttyer
that kynge Edwarde was departed. By my trouthe
mjfhne quod Pettier then wyll my mayfter the duke
of Gloucefter bee kynge. What caufe hee hailde foo
to thynke hirde it is to faye, whyther hce being to-
ward him, anye thynge knewe that hee fuche tnynge
purpofed, or otherwyfe had anye inkclyngc thereof:
for hce was not likelye to fpeake it of noughte.

But nowe to recurne to the courfe of this hyftorye,
were it that the duke of Gloucefter hadde of old
fore-minded this conclufion, or was nowe at erfte
thereunto moued, and putte in hope by the occa-
fion of the tender age of the younge princes, his
nephues (as opportunitye and lykcly hoode of fpede,
putteth a manne in cdurage of -that hee neuer en-
tended) certayn is it that hee contriued theyr de-
ftruccion, with the vfurpacion of the regal dig-
nitye vppon hymfelfe. And for as muche as hee
well wifte and holpe to mayntayn, a long continued
grudge and hearce brennyngc bccwcnc the quenes
5 kinrpd

'THE HISTORY OF THE

kinred and the kinges blood eyther partye enuying
others authorityc, he nowe thought that their dc-
uifion ihoulde bee (as it was in dcdc) a fortherlye
begynnynge to the purfuite of his intente, and a
lure ground for the foundacion of al his building
yf he might firlle vnder the pretext of reucngynge
of olde diipleafure, abufe the anger and ygnorauncc
of the tone partie, to the deftruccion of the tother:
and then vvynne to this purpofe as manye as he
coulde: and thofe that coulde not be wonne, myght
be lode ere they looked therefore. For of one
thynge was hee certayne, that if his entente were
perceiued, he fhold loone haue made peace bee-
twene the bothe parties, with his owne bloude.

Kyngc Edwarde in his life, albeit that this dif-
cencion beetwene hys frendes fommewhat yrked
hym : yet in his good healthe he fommewhat the
Icflc regarded it, becaufe hee thought whatfocuer
bufines fliouldc falle betwene them, hymfelfe
Ihould alwaye bee hable to rule bothe the parties.

But in his laft ficknefie, when hee receiued his
natural! ftrengthe foo fore cnfebled, that hee dyf-
payred all recouerye, then hee confyderynge the
youthe of his chyldren, albeit hee nothynge lefle
miftrufted then that that happened, yet well for-
fcynge that manye harmes myghtc growe by theyr
debate, whyle the youth of hys children ihoulde
lackc difcrecion of themfclf, and good counfayle of
their frendes, of whiche either party (hold coun-
fayle for their owne commodity and rather byplea-
faunte aduyfe toowynne themfelfe fauour, then by
profitable aduertifemente to do the children good,
he called fome of them before him that were at
variaunce, and in efpecyall the lorde marques Dor-
fette the quenes fonne by her fyrlle houfebande,
and Richarde the lorde Haftynges, a noble man,
than lorde chaumberlayne agayne whome the quene
fpecially grudged, for the great fauoure the kyng
bare hym, and alio for that ihee thoughte hym fe-
cretclye familyer with the kyngc in wanton coom-
panye. Her kynred alio bare hym fore, as well
for that the kynge hadde made hym captayne of
Calyce (whiche oflke the lorde Ryuers, brother to
the quene, claimed of the kinges former promyfe)
as for diuerfe other great giftes whiche hee receyued,
that they loked for. \Vhen thefe lordes with di-
ueiTc other of bothe the parties were comaie in
prefence, the kynge liftinge vppe himfelfe and
vnderfettc with pillowcs, as it is reported on this
wyfe fayd vnto them, My iordcs, my dere kinf-
menne and alies, in what plighte I lye you fee, and
I feele. By whiche the lelTc whyle I lookc to
lyue with you, the more depelye am I moued to
care in what cafe I leaue you, for fuch as 1 leauve
you, fuche bee my children lyke to fynde you.
"Whiche if they (houlde (that Godde forbydde)
fynde you at varyaunce, myght happe to fall thtm-

felfe at warrc ere their difcrecion woulde ferue to
fette you at peace. Ye fee their youthe, of whiche
I recken the onely furetie to refte in youre con-
cord. For it fuffifeth not that al you loue them,
yf eche of you hate other. If they wer menne,
your faithfulneffe happelye woulde fuflife. But
childehood mull be maintained by mens authoritye,
and flipper youth vnderpropped with elder coun-
fayle, which neither they can haue, but ye geue it,
nor ye geue it, yf ye gree not. For wher eche la-
boureth to breake that the other maketh, and for
hatred of eche of others parfon, impugneth eche
others counfayle, there muft it nedes bee long ere
anye good conclufion goe forwarde. And alfo
while either partye laboureth to be chiefe, flattery
(hall haue more place then plaine and faithful! ad-
uyfe, of whyche mufte needes enfue the euyll bring-
ing vppe of the prynce, whofe mynd in tender
youth infedl, (hal redily fal to mifchief and riot, and
drawe down with this noble relme to ruine: but if
grace turn him to wifdom, which if God fend,
then thei that by euill menes before pleafed him
beft, (hal after fall fartheft out of fauour, fo that
cuer at length euil driftes dreue to nought, and
good plain wayes profper. Great variaunce hath
ther long bene betwene you, not alway for great
caufes. Sometime a thing right wel intended, our
mifconftruccion turneth vnto worfe or a fmal dif-
pleafure done vs, eyther our owne affeccion or euil
tongues agreueth. But this wote I well ye neucr
had fo great caufe of hatred, as ye have of loue.
That we be al men, that we be chrillen men, this
(hall I leave for prechers to tel you (and yet 1 wote
nere whither any prechers wordes ought more to
nioue you, then his that is by and by gooyng to
the place that thei all preache of.) But this (hal I
defire you to remember, that the one parte of you
is of my bloode, the other of myne alies, and eche
of yow with other, eyther of kinred or afhnitie,
which fpirytuall kynred of affynyty, if the facra-
mentes of Chriftes churche, beare that weyghte
with vs that would Godde thei did, flioulde no
IcfTe moue vs to charitye, then the refpeifle of
fleihlye confanguinitye. Oure Lorde forbydde, that
you loue together the worfe, for the felfe caufe that
you ought to loue the better. And yet that hap-
pcneth. And no where fynde wee fo deadlye de-
bate, as amonge them, whyche by nature and lawe
moltc oughte to agree together. Such a peftilcntc
ferpente is ambicion and defyre of vainc glorye and
foueraintye, whiche amonge ftatcs where he once
entreth crepeth foorth fo farre, tyll with deuifion
and variaunce hee turneth all to mifchiefe. Firfte
longing to be nexte the befl, aftcrwarde egall with
the belle, and at lafte chiefe and aboue the befte.
Of which immoderate appetite of woorfliip, and
thereby of debate and diflencion what lofle, what

Ibrowe,

ENGLISH LANGUA^^

E.

forowe, what trouble hathe within thefe feweyeares
growen in this realme, I praye Godde as wel for-
geate as wee wel remember.

Whiche thinges yf I coulde as wel haue forefene,
as I haue with my more payne then pleafure proucd,
by Goddes bleffed Ladk (that was euer his bthe)
1 woulde neuer haue won the courtefye of mennes
knees, with the lofle of foo many heades. But fithen
thynges pafled cannot be gaine called, muche oughte
wee the more beware, by what occafion we haue
taken foo greate hurte afore, that we eftefoones fall
not m that occafion agayne. Nowe be thofe griefes
pafled, and all is (Godde be thanked) quiete, and
Jikelie righte wel to profper in wealthfull peace
vnder youre cofeyns my children, if Godde fende
them life and you loue. Of whiche twoo thinges,
the lefTe lofle wer they by whome thoughe Godde
dydde hys pleafure, yet fhoulde the realme alway
finde kinges and paraducnture as good kinges. But
yf you among your felfe in a childcs reygne fall at
debate, many a good man fhall perifli and happcly
he to, and ye to, ere thys land finde peace again.
VVherfore in thefe lafl: wordes that euer 1 looke to
fpeak with you : 1 exhort you and require you al,
for the loue that you haue euer borne to me, for
the loue that I haue euer borne to you, for the loue
that our Lord beareth to vs all, from this time for-
warde, all grieues forgotten, eche of you loue
other. Whiche I verelye trufte you will, if ye any
thing earthly regard, either Godde or your king,
affinitie or kinrcd, this realme, your owne coun-
trey, or your owne furcty. And therewithal the
king no longer enduring to fitte vp, laide him
down on his right fide, his face towarde them: and
none was there prefent that coulde refrain from
weping. But the lordcs recomforting him with as
good wordes as they could, and anfwcring for the
time as thei thought to ftand with his pleafure,
there in his prefence (as by their wordes appercd)
eche forgaue other, and ioyned their hands toge-
ther, when (as it after appeared by their dedes)
their hearcs wer far a fonder. As fone as the king
was departed, the noble prince his fonne drew to-
ward London, which at the time of his deceafe,
kept his houfliold at Ludlow in Wales. Which
countrey being far of from the law and recourfe to
iuftice, was begon to be farre cute of good wyll
and waxen wild, robbers and riucrs walking at li-
bcrtic vncorreded. And for this encheafon the
prince was in the life of his father fcnte thither, to
the cnde that the authoritie of his prefence fliould
refraine euill difpofed parfons fro the holdnes of
their former outerages, to the gouernaunce and or-
dering of this yong prince at his fending thyther,
was there appointed Sir Anthony Woduile lord
Kiucrs and brother vnto the quene, a right ho-
nourable man, as valiaunte of hande as politike in

Vol. 1.

counfaylc Adioyned wer there vnto him other of
the fame partie, and in effcft euery one as he was
nereft of kin vnto the quene, fo was planted next
about the prince. That drifte by the quene not
vnvvifely deuifed, whereby her bloode mighte of
youth be rooted in the princes fauour, the duke of
Gloucefler turned vnto their defl:ruccion, and vpon
that groLinde fet the foundacion of all his vnhappy
building. For whom foeuer he perceiued, either
at variance wi?h them, or bearing himfelf their fauor,
hee brake vnto them, forne by mouth, fom by
writing or fecret melfengers, that it neyther was
reafon nor in any wife to be fuffered, that the yong
king their mafl:cr and kinfmanne, (hoold bee in the
handcs and cuftodye of his mothers kinred, fe-
quefl:red in maner from theyr compani and at-
tendance, of which eueri one ought him as faith-
ful fcruice as they, and manye of them far more
honorable part of kin then his mothers fide :
whofe blood (quod he) fauing the kinges pleafure,
was ful vnmetely to be matched with his; whiche
nowe to be as who fay remoued from the kyng,
and the leflTe noble to be left aboute him, is (quod
he) neither honorable to hys magefl:ie, nor vnto
V5, and alfo to his grace no furety to haue the
niightieftof his frendes from him, and vnto vs no
little ieopardy, to fuffer our welproued cuil willers,
to grow in ouergret authoritie with the prince in
youth, namely which is lighte of beliefe and fone
perfvvadcd. Ye remember 1 trow king Edward
himfelf, albeit he was a manne of age and of dif-
crecion, yet was he in manye thynges ruled by the
bende, more then (lode cither with his honour, or
our profite, or with the commoditie of any manne
els, except onely the immoderate aduauncemcnt of
them felfc. Whiche whither they forer thidled
after their owne weale, or our woe, it wer hard I
wene to geflJe. And if fome folkes frendfliip had
not holden better place with the king, then any re-
fpe6b of kinred, thei might peraduenture eafily
haue be trapped and brought to confufion fomme
of vs ere this. Why not as eafily as they haue
done fome other alreadye, as neere of his royal
bloode as we. But our Lord hath wrought his wil,
and thanke be to his grace that peril is paite. Howe
be it as great is growing, yf wee fuffer this yonge
kyng in oure enemyes hande, whiche without his
wyttyng, might abufe the name of histommaun-
dement, to ani of our vndoing, which thyng God
and good prouifion forbyd. Of which good pro-
uifion none of vs hath any thing the lefl"e ncde, for
the late made attonemente, in whiche the kinges
pleafure hadde more place then the parties wilies.
Nor none of vs I beleue is fo vnwyfe, oucrfone to
trufte a newe frende made of an olde foe, or to
think that an houerly kindnes, fodainely contradl in
one houre continued, yet fcant a fortnight, Ihold
Lk] be

THE HISTORY OF THE

be df per fetlcd in their ftomackcs : then a long
accuflomed malice many yercs rooted.

With thefe wordes and writynges and fuche other,
the duke of Gloucefter lone fet a fyre, them that
were of thcmfclf cihe to kindle, and in efpeciall
twayne, Edwardc duke of Buckingham, and Rich-
arde lordc Haftinges and chaumbcrlayn, both men
of honour and of great power. The cone by longe
fucceflion from his anceftrie, the tother by his office
and the kinges fauor. Thefe two n^Jyearing cche
to other fo muchc loue, as hatred bothe vnto the
quenes parte : in this poynte accorded together
wyth the duke of Gloacefter, that they wolde
vtterlye amoue fro the kinges companye, all his
mothers frendes, vnde'rthe name of their enemycs.
Vpon this concluded, the duke of Gloucefter vnder-
ftandyng, that the lordes whiche at that tyme were
aboute the kyng, entended to bryng him vppe to
his coronacion, accoumpanied with fuchc power of
theyr frendes, that ic fhoulde bee harde for hym to
brynge his purpofe to paflc, without the gathering
and great aflemble of people and in maner of open
■warre, whereof the ende he wide was doubtous,
and in which the kyng being on their fide, his part
fhould haue the face and name of a rebellion: he
fecretly therefore by diuers meanes, caufed the
quene to be perfwaded and brought in the mynd,
that it neither wcr nede, and alfo fhold be ieopard-
ous, the king to come vp ftrong. For where as
nowe euery lorde loued other, and none other thing
ftudyed vppon, but aboute the coronacion and ho-
noure of the king : if the lordes of her kinred
(hold aflemble in the kinges name muche people,
thei Ihould geue the lordes atwixte whome and
them haddc bene fommetyme debate, to fcare and
fufpedle, Icfte they fhoulde gather thys people, not
for the kynges faucgarde whome no manne em-
pugned, but for theyr dcftruccion, hauying more
rcgarde to their old variaunce, then their newe at-
tonement. For whiche caufe thei fhoulde aflemble
on the other partie muche people agayne for their
defence, whofe power (he wyfte wel farre ftretched.
And thus (hould all the realme fall on a rore. And
of al the hurte that therof fhould enfue, which was
likely not to be litle, and the moft harme there like
to fal wher (he left would, al the worlde woulde
put her and her kinred in the wyght, and fay that
thei had vnwyfelye and vntrewlye alfo, broken the
amitie and peace that the kyng her hufband fo pru-
denttlye made, betwene hyskinne and hers in his
death bed, and whiche the other party faithfully
obferucd.

The quene being in this wife perfwaded, fuche
woorde lent vnto her fonne, and vnto her brother
being aboute the kynge, and ouer that the duke of
Gloucefter hymltlfe and other lordes the chiefe of
hys bende, wrote vnto the kyhge foo rcuercntlye.

and to the queenes frendes there foo louyngelye,
that they nothyngeearthelye my ftruftynge, broughtc
the kynge vppe in greate hafte, not in good fpede,
with a fober coumpanye. Nowe was the king in
his waye to London gone, from Northampton,
when thefe dukes of Gloucefter and Buckynghann
came thither. Where remained behynd, the lordc
Riuers the kynges vncle, entendyng on the mo-
rowe to folow the kynge, and bee with hym at
Stonye Stratford miles thence, earcly or

hee departed. So was there made that nyghte
muche frendely chere betwene thefe dukes and the
lorde Riuers a greate while. But incontinente after
that they wereoppenlye with greate courtelye de-
parted, and the lorde Riuers lodged, the dukes
fecretelye with a fewe of their mode priuye frendes,
fette them downe in counfayle, wherin they fpent a
great parte of the nyght. And at their rifinge in the
dawnyng of the day, thei fent about priuily to their
feruantes in the innesand lodgynges about, geuinge
them commaundemente to make them felfe fhortely
readye, for their lordes wer to horfebackward.
Vppon whiche melTages, manyeof their folke were
aitendaunt, when manye of the lorde Riuers fer-
uantes were vnreadye. Nowe hadde thefe dukes
taken alfo into their cuftodye the kayesof the inne,
that none flioulde pafTe foorth without theyr li-
cence.

And ouer this in the hyghe waye toward Stonye
Stratforde where the kynge laye, they hadde bee-
ftowed certayne of theyr folke, that fhoulde fcnde
backe agayne, and compell to retourne, anye manne
that were gotten oute of Northampton toward
Stonye Stratforde, tyll they fhould geue other
lycence. For as muche as the dukes themfelfe en-
tended for the (hewe of theire dylygence, to bee the
fyrfte that (houldc that daye attende vppon the
kynges highnelTe oute of that towne : thus bare
they folke in hande. But when the lorde Ryuers
vnderflrode the gates clofed, and the wayes on cueryc
fide befette, neyther hys fcruauntes nor hymfelf fuf-
fcred to.gooute, parceiuyng well fo greaie a thyng
without his knowledge not begun for noughte,
comparyng this maner prefent with this laft nightcs
chere, in lb few houres fo gret a chaunge maruel-
ouflye mifliked. How be it fithe hee coulde not
geat awaye, and keepe himfelfe clofe, hee woulde
not, lefte he fhoulde feeme to hyde himfelfe for
fbme fecret feare of hys owne faulte, whereof he
faw no luch caufe in hym felf : he determined vppon
the furetie of his own confcience, to goe boldelye
to them, and inquire what this matter myghte
mcane. Whome as foone as they fa we, they be-
ganne to quarrell with hym, and faye, that hee in-
tended to fette diftaunce beetweenc the kynge and
them, and to brynge them to confulion, but it
fhoulde not lye in hys power. And when hee be-
6 ganne

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

ganne (as hee was a very well fpoken manne) in
goodly wife to excufe himfclf, they taryed not the
cndc of his aunfwere, but fhortely tooke him and
putte him in warde, and that done, foorthwyth
•wente to horfebacke, and tooke the waye to Stonye
Stratforde. Where they founde the kingc with his
companie readye to leape on horfebacke, and departe
forwarde, to leaue that lodging for them, becaufe it
was to ftreighte for bothe coumpanies. And as
fone as they came in his prefence, they lighte
adowne with all their rompanie aboute them. To
whome the duke of Buckingham faide, goe afore
gentlemenne and yeomen, kepe youre rowmes.
And thus in goodly arraye> thei came to the kinge,
and on theire knees in very humble wife, faiued his
grace; whiche receyued them in very ioyous and
amiable maner, nothinge eirthlye knowing nor
miftrullinge as yet. But euen by and by in his
prefence, they piked aquarell to the lorde Richarde
Graye, the kynges other brother by his mother,
fayinge that hee with the lorde marqu.s his brother
and the lorde Riuers his vncle, hadde coumpafled
to rule the kinge and the realme, and to fette vari-
aunce among the ftates, and to fubdcwe and de-
ftroye the noble blood of the realm. Toward the
accoumplifhinge whereof, they fayde that the lorde
Marques haddt- entered ioto the Tower of London,
and thence taken out the kinges treafor, and fent
menne to the fea. All whiche thinge thcfc duke*
wille well were done for good purpoles and neceflari
by the whole counfaile at London, fauing that
fommewhat thei muft fai. Vnto whiche woordes,
the king aunfwcred, what my brother Marques hath
done I cannot faie. But in good faith I dare well
aunfwere for myne vncle Riuers and my brother
here, that thei be innocent of any fuch matters.
Ye my liege quod the duke of Buckingham thei
haue kepte theire dealing in thefe matters farre fro
the knowledge of your good grace. And foorth-
with thei arretted the lord Richarde and Sir Thomas
Waughan knighte, in the kinges prefence, and
broughte the king and all backe vnto Northampton,
where they tooke againe further counfaile. And
there they fent awaie froni the kinge whom itpleafed
them, and fette newe feruantes aboute him, fuche as
lyked better them than him. At whiche dealinge
hee wepte and was nothing contente, but it booted
nor. And at dyner the duke of Gioucefler fente a
dilhefrom hisowne table to the lord Riuers, prayinge
him to bee of goodchere, all fhould be well inough.
And he thanked the duke, and prayed the meflenger
to bcare it to his nephewe the lorde Richarde with
tlie fame meffage for his comfort, who he thought
had more nede of coumfort, as one to whom fuch
aducrfitie was ftraunge. But himfclf had been al

his dayes in vre therewith, and therfore coulde
beare it the better. But for al this coumfortable
courtefye of the duke of Gloucefter he fent the
lord Riuers and the lorde Richarde with Sir Tho-
mas Vaughan into the Norrhe countrey into.diuers
places to prifon, and afterward al to Pomfrait,
where they were in conclufion beheaded.

A letter written with a cole by Sir Thomas More
to hysdougnxermaiftresMAR GAR etRoper, with-
in a whyle after he was prifoner in the Towre.

■jVyiYNE own good doughter, our lorde be
■^^^ thanked I am in good helthe of bodye, and
in good quiet of minde : and of worldly thynges I
no more defyer then I haue. I bcfeche hym make
you all mery in the hope of heauen. And fuch
thynges as I fomewhat longed to talke with you all,
concerning the worlde to come, our Lorde put theim
into your myndes, as I trufte he dothe and better to
by hys holy fpirite : who blefie you and preferue
you all. Wrnicn wyth a cole by your tender louing
father, who in hys pore prayers forgetteth none of
you all nor your babes, nor your nurfes, nor your
good hufbandes, nor your good hufbandes Ihrewde
wyues, nor your fathers flirewde wyfe neither, nor
our other frendes. And thus fare ye hartely well
for lacke of paper.

Thomas More, knight.

Two fliort ballettes which Sir Thomas More made
for hys paftyme while he was prifoner in the
Tower of London.

Lewys the loft louer.

E

Y flatering fortune, loke thou neuer fo fayre.
Or neuer fo plefantly begin to fmile.
As though thou wouldft my ruine all repayre,
During my life thou fhalt not me begile.
Truft (hall 1 God, to entre in a while.
Hys hauen or heauen fure and vniforme.
Euer attcr thy calme, loke I for a (lorme.

Dauy the dycer.

1" O N G was 1 lady Luke your feruing man,

And now haue loft agayne all that 1 gat,
Wherfore whan I thinke on you nowe and than,
And in my mynde refiicmber this and that.
Ye may not blame me though 1 beftirew your cat.
But in fayth I bleflc you agayne a ihoufand times.
For lending me now fome laylurc to make rymes.

At the fame time with Sir Thomas Mere lived

Skelten, the poet laureate oi Henry Vlll. from whofc

L^] 2 works.

THE HISTORY OF THE

works it fcems proper to infcrt a few ftanzas, though
he cannot be faid lo have attained great elegance of
language.

The prologue to the Bougc of Courte.

TN Auturnpne whan the fonne in vjrrgyne

■*■ By radyante hete enryped hath our corne

When Luna full of mutabylytc

As Emperes the dyndcme hath worof

Of our pole artyke, fmylynge halfe in fcorne

At our foly and our v: Itedfaftnefle

The tinnc whan Mars to warre hym dyd dres,

I callynge to mynde the grcate auftorytc
Of poeces olde, whiche full craftely
Vnder as couerte termes as coulde be
Can touche a trouth, and cloke fubtylly
With fresfhe vtteraunce full fentcncyoully
Dyuerfe in ftyle feme fpared not vycc to wryte
Some of mortalitie nobly dyd cndyte

Whereby I rede, thcyr renome and theyr fame
May neuer dye, but eucrmore endure
I was fore moued to a forfe the fame
But ignoraunce full foone dyd me dyfcure
And (hewed that in this al^c I was not fure
For to illumine (he fayd I wjs to duUe
Aduyfynge me my penne awaye to pulle

And not to wryte, for he fo wyll atteync
Excedyng ferther than his connynge is
His heed maye be harde, but feble is brayne
Yet haue I knowen fuche er this
But of rcproche furely he maye not mys
That clymmeth hycr than he may fotinge haue
What and he flyde downe, who (hall him faue ?

Thus vp and downe my mynde was drawen and
caft
That I ne wyfte what to do was befte
So fore enwered that I was at the lafte
Enforfed to flepe, and for to take fome refte
And to lye downe as foone as I my drefte
At Harwyche porte flumbrynge as I hye
In myne hoftes houfe called powers keye.

Of the wits that flourilhed in the reign of
Henry VIII. none has been more frequently cele-
brated than the earl of Surry ; and this hiftory would
therefore have been imperfed without fome fpeci-
mens of his works, which yet it is not eafy to diftin-
gui(h from thofe of Sir Thomas li^yat and others,
with which they are confounded in the edition that
has fallen into my hands. The three firft are, I
believe, i'wrr/s \ the re(l, being of the fame age,
are fcxfted, (bme as examples of different meafurcs,
and one as the oldett Compofition whi.h I have
found in blank verfe.

Defcription of Spring, wherein echc thing rcnewcs,
fave only the lover.

'T' H E foote feafon that bud, and bloome fourth
"'■ bringes,

With grcne hath cladde the hyll, and eke the vale.
The Nighringall with fethcrs new flie finges j
The turtle to her mate hath told the talc :
Somer is come, for every fpray now fpringes.
The hart hath hunge hys olde head on the pair.
The bucke in brake his winter coate he flyngcs ;
The (ifhes flete with newc repayred fcale :
The adder all her Hough away (lie flynge?.
The fwift fwallow purfueth the flyes fmalle.
The bufy bee her honey how (he mynges i
Winter is worne that was the flourcs bale.
And thus I fee among thefc pleafant thynges
Eche care decayes, and yet my forrow fpryiifres.

Defcripcion of the reftlefs eftate of a lover.

W

HEN youth had led me half the race.
That Cupides fcourge had made me runnej
I looked back to meet the place.
From whence my weary courfe begunne :

And then I faw howe my delyre
Mifguiding me had led the waye,
Myne eyne to greedy of theyre hyre,
Had made me lofe a better prey.

For when in fighes I fpcnt the day,
And could not cloake my grief with game ;
The boyling fmokedyd ftill bewray.
The prelent heat of fecret flame :

And when fait teares do bayne my breaft.
Where love his plealent traynes hath fown.
Her beauty hath the fruytcs oppreft.
Ere that the buddes were fpron gc and blowne.

And when myne eyen dyd Hill purfue.
The flying chafe of theyre requefl: ;
Theyre greedy looks dyd oft renew.
The hydden wounde within my brefte.

When every loke thefe cheekes might ftayne.
From dcdly pale to glowing red ;
By outward fignes appeared playne.
To her for heipe my harte was fled.

But all to late Love learneth me.
To paynt all kynd of Colours new ;
To blynd theyre eyes that elfe fliould fee
My fpeckled chekes with Cupids hew.

And now the covert brc(t I clame.
That worfhipt Cupide fecretely j
And nourifhed hys facred flame.
From whence no blairing fparks do flye.

Defcripcion

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Defcripcion of the fickle AfFedions, Pangs, and
Sleightes of Love.

CUCH wayward wayes hath Love, that moft part

•^ in dilcord

Our willes <io (land, whereby our hartes but fel-

dom do accord :
Decyte is hysdelighte, and to begyle and mocke
The fimple hartes which he doth ftrike with fro-

ward divers ftroke.
He caufeth th' one to rage with golden burning

darte.
And doth alay with Leaden cold, again the others

harte.
Whofe gleames of burning fyre and eafy fparkes of

flame.
In balance of unequal weyght he pondereth by ame
From eafye ford where 1 tnyghte wade and pafs full

well.
Heme withdrawes and doth me drive, into a depe

dark hell:
And me witholdes where I am calde and offred place.
And willes me that my mortal foe 1 do befcke of

Grace j
He lettes me to purfue a conqueft welnere wonne
To follow where my paynes were loft, ere that my

fute begunne.
So by this means i know how foon a hart may turne
From warre to peace, from truce to ftryfe, and fo

agayne returne.
I know how to content my fclf in others luft.
Of little Ituffe unio my Iclf to weave a webbe of

truft :
And how to hyde my harmes with fole dyflembling

chere.
Whan in my face the painted thoughtes would out-
wardly appeare.
I knot* how that the bloud forfakes the face for

dred.
And how by fliime it ftaynes agayne the Chckes

with flaming red :
I know under the Grene, the Serpent howhelurkes :
The hammer of the reftlefs forge 1 wote eke how it

workes.
I know and con by roate the tale that I woulde tell
But oftc the woordes come fourth awrye of him that

loveth well.
I know in hcate and colde the Lover how he (hakes.
In fynging how he doth complayne, in flecping how

he v.. kes
To languifli without ache, fickelelTe for to confume,
A thoufand thynges for to devyfc, rclblvyngeof his

fume ;
And though he lyfte to fee his Ladyes Grace full

lore
Such pleafurcs as delyght hys Eye, do not his heiihc

reftorc.

I know to fcke the trafte of my defyred foe.
And fere to fynde that 1 do feek, but chiefly this I

know,
That Lovers muft transfourme into the thynge be-
loved.
And live (alas ! who would believe ?) with fprite

from Lyfe removed.
I knowe in harty (ighesand laughters of the fpleene,
At once to chaunge my ftate, my will, and eke my

colotfl- clene.
I know how to deceyve my felf wythe others helpe.
And how the Lyon chaftiled is, by beatynge of the

whelpe.
In ftandyngc nere the fyre, I know how that I freafe ;
Farre of I burne, in bothe I wafte, and fo my Lyfe

I leefe.
I know how Love doth rage upon a yeyldingmynde.
How fmalle a nete may take and male a harte of

gentle kyndc :
Or elfe with feldom fwete to feafon hepes of gall.
Revived with a glympfe of Grace old lorrowes to

let fall.
The hydden traynes I know, and fecret fnares of

Love,
How foone a loke will prynte a thoughte that never

may remove.
The flypper ftate I know, the fodein turnes from

welthe
The doubtfuU hope, the certaine wooe, and fure

defpaired helthe.

A praife of his ladie.

/^EVE place you ladies and be gone,
^-^ Boaft not your felves at all.
For here at hande approcheth one,
Whofe face will ftayne you all.

The vertue of her lively lookes
Excels the precious ftone,
I wifhe to have none other bookes
To reade or look upon.

In eche of her two chriftall eyes,
Smyleth a naked boy -,
It would you all in heart fuffife
To fee that lampe of joye.

I think nature hath loft the moulde.
Where (he her ftiape did take;
Or elfe 1 doubte if nature coulde
So fayre a creature make.

She may be well comparde
Unto the Phenix kinde,
Whofe like was never feene nor heard,
That any man can fynde.

In lyfe (he is Diana chalt
In trouth Penelopey,
In woord and eke in dede ftedfaft j
What will you more we fay ;

If

THE HISTORY OF THE

If all the world were fought fo farre.
Who coulJ findc fuche a wight,
Hier beaury twinkleth lykc a ftarre
"Within the frofty night.

The Lover rcfufed of his love, embraccth vertue.

TVyTY youthfull yeres are paiT,
"^^■^ My joyfuil dayes are gone.
My lyfe it may not laft.
My grave and I am one.

My myrth and joyes are fled.
And I a Man in wo,
Defirous to be ded.
My mifciefe to forego.

I burne and am a colde,

1 freefe amyddes the fycr,

2 fee fhe doth witholde
That is my honeft defyre.

I ice my helpe at hande,
I fee my lyfe alfo,
I fee where file doth (Vande
That is my deadly fo.

I fee how Ihe dorh fee.
And yet flie wil be blynde,
1 fee in helpyng me, ^

She fekes and wil not fynde.

I fee how fhe doth wrye,
"When I begynne to mone,
I fee when 1 come nye.
How fayne (he would be gone.

I fee what wil ye more,
She will me gladly kill.
And you fhall fee therfore
That fhe fhall have her vyill.

I cannot live with (tones,
It is too hard a foode,
I wil be dead at ones
To do my Lady good.

The Death of ZOROAS, an Egiptian aftronomer,
in the firft fight that Alexander had with the
Perfians.

^^OW clattring armes, now raging broyjs of warre,
•*' Gan palTc the noys of dredfuU trumpctts clang,
Shrowdcd with fhaftsi the heaven with cloude of

dartes.
Covered the ayre. Againft full fatted bulles,
As forccth kyndled yrc the lyons kecne,
Whofe greedy gutts the gnawing hunger prickes;
So Macedons againft the Perfians fare.
Now corpfes hyde the purpurdc foyle with blood ;
Large (laughter on eche fide, but Perfcs more,
Moyft ficldes bebled, theyr heartes and numbers

bate,
Fainted while ihey gave backe, and fall to flighte.

The litening Macedon by fwordes, by gleaves.
By bandcs and troupes of footennn, with his garde,
Specdcs to Dary, but hym hii mereft kyn,
Oxate prefcrves with horfeiren on a plumpe
Before his carr, that none his charge fhould give.
Here grunts, here groans, eche where ftrong youth

is fpent:
Shaking her bloudy hands, Bellone among
The Perles foweth all kind of cruel death:
With throte yrent he roares, he lyeth along
His cntrailes with a launcc through gryded quyte,
Hym fmytes the club, hym woundes farre ftryking

bowe.
And him the fling, and him the (hining fwordj
He dyeth, he is all dead, he pantes, he reftcs.
Right over ftoode in fnowwhite armour brave.
The Memphite Zoroas, a cunnyng clarke.
To whom the heaven lay open as his booke;
And in celeftiall bodies he could tell
The moving meeting light, afpedt, eclips,
And influence, and conftellations all;
What earthly chaunces would betyde, what yere.
Of plenty (torde, what figne forewarned death.
How winter gendreth fnow, what temperature
In the prime tyde doih feafon well the foyle.
Why fummer burncs, why autumnehath ripe grapes,
. Whither the circle quadrate may become,
Whether our tunes heavens harmony can yelde
Of four begyns among themlelves how great
Proportion is-, what (way the erryng lightes
Doth fend in courfe gayne that fy rfl movy ng heaven ;
What grees one from another diftancc be.
What (tarr doth let the hurtfull fyre to rage.
Or him more mylde what oppoficion makes.
What fyre doth qualifye Mavorfes fyre.
What houfe eche one doth fecke, what plannett

raignes
Within this heaven fphere, nor thatfmall thynges
I fpeake, whole heaven he clofeth in his breit.
This fage then in the ftarres hath fpyed the fates
Threatncd him death without delay, and, flth,
He faw he could not fatal! order chaunge,
Foreward he prefl: in battayle, that he migiit
Mete with the rulers of the Macedons,
Of his right hand defirous to be flain.
The bouldeft borne, and worthieft in the feilde;
And as a wight, now wery of his lyfe.
And feking death, in fyrll front of his rage.
Comes defperately to Alexanders face.
At him with dartes one after other throwes.
With recklefle wordes and clamour him provokes,
And I'ayth, Nedanaks bartard (hamefull ilayne
Of mothers bed, why lofeft thou thy ftrokes,
Cowardes among. Turn thee to me, in cafe
Manhood there be fo much left in thy heart.
Come fight with mc, that on my helmet weare

Apollo's

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

Apollo's laurell both for learnings laude.
And eke for martiall praife, that in my fhieldc
The feven fold Sophi of Minerve contein,
A match more mete, Syr King, then any here.
The noble prince amoved takes ruth upon
The wilful) wight, and with foft words ayen,

0 monflrous man (quoth he) what fo thou art,

1 pray thee live, ne do not with thy death
This lodge of Lore, the Mufes manfion marre;
That treafure houfe this hand ihall never fpoyle,
My fword fliall never bruife that (killful brayne.
Long gather'd heapes of fcience fone to fpill ;

O howe fayre fruites may you to mortall men
From Wifdoms garden give; how many may
By you the wifcr and the better prove;
'What error, what mad moode, what frenzy thee
Perfwades to be downe, fent to depe Avernc,
"Where no artes flourifb, nor no knowledge vailes
For all thefe fawes. When thus the fovereign

faid.
Alighted Zoroas with fword unfheathed.
The carelefs king there fmoate above the greve,
At th' opening of his quifhes wounded him.
So that the blood down trailed on the ground :
The Macedon perceiving hurt, gan gnafhe.
But yet his mynde he bent in any wife
Hym to f rbeare, fett fpurrs unto his ftede.
And turnde away, left anger of his fmarte
Should caufe revenger hand deale baleful! blowes.
But of the Macedonian chicftaines knights.
One Meleager could not bear this fight.
But ran upon the faid Egyptian rude.
And cut him in both knees: he fell to ground.
Wherewith a whole rout came of fouldiours

fterne.
And all in pieces hewed the fely feg,
But happely the foule fled to the ftarres,
Where, under him, he hath full fight of all.
Whereat he gazed here with rcachmg looke.
The Perfians waild fuch fapience to forgoe.
The very fone the Macedonians wifht
Me would have lived, king Alexander felfe
Demde him a man unmete to dye at all;
Who wonne like praife for conqucft of his Yre,
As for ftoute men in field that day fubdued.
Who princes taught how to difcerne a man.
That in his head fo rare a jewel beares,
But over all thofe fame Camenes, thofe fame.
Divine Camenes, whofe honour he procurde,
As tender parent doth his daughters wcale.
Lamented, and for thankes, all that they can.
Do cherirti hym deceaft, and fett him free.
From dark oblivion of devouring death.

Barclay wrote about 1550 ; his chief work is the
Ship of Fooks, of which the following extradl ^ill
ihew his ftyle.

Of Mockers and Scorners, and falfe Accufers.
r\ Heartless fooks, hafte here to our dodrine,

Leaue off the wayes of your enormitie,
Enforce you to my preceptes to encline.
For here Iball I (hcwe you good and veritie :
Encline, and ye finde fhall great profperitie,
Enfuing the dodrine of our fathers olde.
And godly lawes in valour worth great golde.

Who that will followe the graces manyfolde
Which are in vertue, (hall finde auauncement:
Wherfore ^e fooles that in your finne are bolde,
Enfue ye wifdome, and leaue your lewde intent,
Wifdome is the way of men molt excellent:
Therfore haue done, and fliortly fpede your pace.
To quaynt your felf and company with grace.

Learne what is vertue, therin is great iblace,
Learne what is truth, fadnes and prudence.
Let grutche be gone, and grauitie purchafe,
Forfake your folly and inconueniencc,
Ceafe to be fooles, and ay to fue offence,
Followe ye vertue, chiefe roote of godlynes.
For it and wifedome is ground of clenlynes.

Wifedome and vertue two thinges are doubtles,
Whiche man cndueth with honour fpeciall,
But fuche heartes as flepe in foolithnes
Knoweth nothing, and will nought know at all:
But in this little barge in principall
All foolifli mockers 1 purpofe to repreue,
Clawe he his backe that fecleth itch or greue.

Mockers and fcorners that are harde of beleue.
With a rough comb here will I clawe and grate,
Toproue if they will from their vice remeue.
And leaue their folly, which caufeth great debate:
Suche caytiues fpare neyther poore man nor eftate.
And where their felfe are moft worthy derifion.
Other men to fcorne is all their moft condition.

Yet are mo fooles of this abufion,
Whiche of wife men dcfpifeth the doftrine.
With mowes, mockes, fcorne, and coUufion,
Rewarding rebukes for their good difcipline:
Shewc to fuche wifdome, yet (hall they not encline
Unto the fame, but fet nothing therby,
But mocke thy doftrine, ftiil or openly.

So in the worlde it appeareth commonly.
That who that will a foole rebuke or blame,
A mocke or mowe (hall he haue by and by:
Thus in derifion haue fooles their fpeciall game.
Correct a wife man that woulde cfchue ill name.
And fayne would learne, and his lewde life amende.
And to thy wordes he gladly (hall intende.

If

THE HISTORY OF THE

If by misfortune a rightwife man offende,
He gUdly fuffercth a iuftc corredion,
And him that him teacheth laketh for his frende,
Him fclfe putting mekely unto fubiedtion,
Folowing his preceptes and good diredion:
But yf that one a foole rebuke or blame.
He fliall his teacher hate, Qaunder and diffame.

Howbeit his wordes oft turne to his own fliame,
And his owne dartes rttourne to him agayne.
And fo is he fore wounded with the fame.
And in wo endeth, great mifery and payne.
It alfo proued full often is certayne.
That they that on mockers alway their mindes caft,
Shall of all other be mocked at the laft.

He that goeth right, ftedfaflr, fure, and faft.
May him well mocke that goeth halting and lame,
And he that is white may well his fcornes caft,
Agaynft a man of Inde : but no man ought to blame
Anothers vice, while he vfeth the fame.
Butwhothatof finne is cleaneindeedeand thought.
May him well fcorne whofe liuing is ftarke nought.
The fcornes of Naball full dere fliould haue been

bought.
If Abigayl his wife difcrete and fage.
Had not by kindnes right crafty meanes fought,
The wrath of Dauid to temper and affwage.
Hath not two beares in their fury and rage
Two and furtie children rent and tome.
For they the prophete Helyfeus did fcorne.

So might they curfe the time that they were borne,
For their mockmg of this prophete diuine:
So many other of this fort often mourne
For their lewde mockes, and fall into ruine.
Thus is it foly for wife men to encline.
To this lewde flockc of fooles, for fee thou fliall
Them mofte fcorning that are moft bad of all.

The Lenuoy of Barclay to the fooles.

Ye mocking fooles that in fcorne fet your ioy.
Proudly defpifing Gods punition:
Take ye example bv Cham the fonne of Noy,
"Which laughed his father vnto derifion,
Which him after curfed for his tranfgrefTion,
And made him feruaunt to all his lyne and ftocke.
So fliall ye caytifs at the conclufion,
Since ye are nought, and other fcorne and mocke.

About the year 1553 wrote Dr. Wtlfon, a man
celebrated for the policcnefs of his ftyle, and the
extent of his knowledge: what w.is the ftate of our
language in his time, the following may be of ufe
to fliow.

■pRonunciation is an apte orderinge bothe of the
■*• voyce, countenaunce, and all the whole bodye,
accor lynge to the worthines of fuche woordes and
mater as by fpeache are declared. The vfc
hereof is fuche for anye one that liketh to haue
prayfe for tellynge his talc in open aflc;mblie, that
hauing a good tongue, and a comelye countenaunce,
he flial be thought to paflTe all other that haue the
like vtteraunce : thoughe they haue much better
learning.. The tongue geueth a certayne grace to
euerye matter, and beautifieth the caufe in like
maner, as a fwete foundynge lute muche fetteth
forthe a meane deuifed ballade. Or as the founde
of a good inftrumente ftyrreth the hearers, and
moueth muche delite, fo a cleare foundyng voice
comforteth muche our deintie cares, with muche
fwete melodic, and caufeth vs to allowe the matter
rather for the reporters fake, then the reporter for
the matters fake. Demofthenes therforc, that fa-
moufe oratour, beyng aflced what was the chiefeft
point in al oratorie, gaue the chiefe and oncly
praife to Pronunciation ; being demaunded, what
was the feconde, and the thirde, he ftill made
aunfwere. Pronunciation, and would make none
other aunfwere, till they lefie afliyng, declaryng
hereby that arte without vtteraunce can dooe no-
thyng, vtteraunce without arte can dooe right
muche. And no doubte that man is in outwarde
apparaunce halfe a good clarke, that hath a cleane
tongue, and a comely gefture of his body, ^fchines
lykwyfe L'eyng banniflied his countrie through De-
mofthenes, when he had redde to the Rhodians his
own oration, and Demofthenes aunfwere thereunto,
by force whereof he was banniflied, and all they
marueiled muche at the excellencie of the fame :
then (q d ^fchines) you would have marueiled
muche more if you had heard hymfelfe fpeak it.
Thus beyng caft in miferie and banniflied foreuer,
he could not but geue fuch greate reporte of his
deadly and mortal ennemy.

Thus have I deduced the Englijh language from eafily traced, and the gradations obferved, by which

the age of /f//r(f^ to ihzioi Elizabeth; in fome parts it advanced from its firll rudenefs to its prefeat

imperfedty for want of materials; but 1 hope, at elegance,
Icaft, in fuch a manner that its progrefs may be

A GRAM^

R

M M A R

OF THE

ENGLISH TONGUE.

G

RAMM AR, whlchisyhart of ufing'wards properly , com-
prifes four parts; Orthography, Etymology, Syntax,
and Profody.

In this divirton and order of the parts of grammir I follow the common gr»m-
mwians, without enquiring whether t fitter diftributiim might not be tound.
Experience ha; long Ikown this method to be fo diftinft a» to obviate confulion,
and fo comprchcnfive as to prevent any inconvenient omiflions. I likcwife ufe
•the terms already received, and ah-cady (nderftood, though perhaps others more
proper might fometimes be invented. Sylbnrgius, and other innovators, whofe
new terms have fanlc their learning into negled, have left fufficieot warning
againft the trifling ambition of teaching arts in a new language.

ORTHOCRAPHy is the art of combining Utters itito fyllahhs,
4mdfyllabhs into nuords. It therefore teaches previoufly the form
and found of letters.

The letter* of the Eagliih language are.

Saxon.

Roman.

Italick.

OldE

nglith.

Name.

X

a

A

a

A

a

»

a

a

fi

b

B

b

B

b

s

b

it

E

c

C

c

C

e

«c

c

fi*

D

b

D

d

D

d

®

l»

det

e

i.

E

e

£

t

«

e

€

F

F

F

f

F

f

3P

f

'I

c

7>

G

g

G

S

<3

8

jet

fe

h

H

h

H

h

»

1

aitcb

i

1

I

i

I

i

i

i (.wja

J

J

7

j

3

t

J confonant.

K

k

K

k

K

k

{{

ia

L

1

L

1

L

I

%

I

tl

ro

m

M

m

M

m

M

m

tm

N

n

N

n

N

n

Mi

n

tn

O

o

O

o

0

0

<o

o

0

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

pee

Q.

«T

SL

q

f-

?

^

q

cut

R

n

R

r

R

r

fR

tf

or

8

r

S

fs

S

f>

A

fs?

'fi

T

e

T

t

T

t

C

t

tit

U

a

U

a

U

u

u

u (or 'Va

V

V

V

T

V

•V

D

b

•V confonant.

u;

P

w

W

w

IM

m

bj

doable «

X

X

X

X

X

X

f

tx

Y

y

Y

y

r

y

P

t

nvy

Z

z

Z

z

X

K

^

i

xed, more

commonly izz^rd

or

uxxard, that is

mt

- _ »

fhard.

Vol. I

To thefe may be added certain combinations of letters univer-
fally ufed in printing ; as ft. ft, fl, fl, (b, flc, fF, ff, fi, fli, fi, ffi, ffl,
and &, or and per ft, and. a,ft,fl,f,fi,fi,ff,j;f,ffi,f,ffi.ff. H.

(t, a, a, a, ff, tr, a, s, ffi, ffi, i»

Our letters are commonly reckoned twenty-four, bccaufe anciently i and/,
■s well as u and v, were exprefled by the fame charafler ; but as thofc letters,
which had always different powers, have now diflFcrent forms, our alphabet may
be properly faid to coniill of twenty-fix letters.

None of the fraall confunants have a double form, excepty^ ij of whichyit
ufed in the beginning and middle, and < at the end.

Vowels are five, a, e, i, o> u.

Such is the number generally received ; but for i it is the
praftice to write y in the end of words, as thy, holy ; before /,
as from die, dying ; from beautify, beautifying ; in the words y5yi/,
■days, eyes ; and in words derived from the Greek, and written
originally with v, Zifiijiem, avmft» 5 fympathy, av^iti^uct.

For u we often write w after a vowel, to make a diphthong j
as rarw, grew, n/itvj, •vovi,floTMing, loivnefs.

The founds of all the letters are various.

In treating on the letters, 1 fliall not, like fome other grimmarUni, enquire
into the original of their form, as an antiquarian j nor into their formation and
prolation by the organs of fpccch, as a mechanick, anatomiH, or phyfiologift :
nor into the properties and gradation of founds, or the elegance or harlhnefs of
particular combinations, as a writer of univerfal and tranfcendental grammar. I
confider the Englilh alphabet only as it is Englilh ; and even in this narrow dif..
quifition, I follow the example of former grammarians, perhaps with more reve-
rence than judgment, bccaufe by writing in Englilh i fuppofc my reader already
acquainted with the EngliOi language, and confequenilv able to pronounce the
letters, of which I teach the pronunciation; and becaufc of founds in gcnc.-.il it
may be obfcrved, that words are unable to defcribe them. An account therefore
of the primitive and fimple ietttrs is ufclefs almoft alike to thofe who know their
found, and thofe who know it not.

Of VOWELS.

A.

J has three founds, the flender, open, and broad.

A flender is found in moft words, zaface, mane ; and in word*
ending in atiotr, as creation, fal'vation, generation.

The a flender is the proper Englilh a, called very juftly by Erpenius, in hii
Arabick Grammar, a Anglicum turn c miftum, as having a middle found between
the open a and the t. The French have a fimilar found in the woid /a/i, and in
their e mafculiuc. ^

A open is the a of the Italian, or nearly refembles it j as
father, rather, congratulate, fancy, glafs.

A broad refembles the a of the German ; as all, 'wall, call.

Many words pronounced with a broad were anciently written with au, at

ftnlt, mauli ; and we fliU tty fault, vault. This was probably the Siaon found,

S /or

A GRAMMAR OF THE

for it II yet retained in the northern dialeAst aod in the ruftick pronunciation ;
u naan for au«, taunj lor bard.

^

The fliort a approaches to the a open, as griz/i.

The long «, it prolonged by e at the end of the word, is al-
ways (lender, is graze, fame.

A forms a diphthong only with ;' or j, and u or w. Ai or 4)'>
as in plain, ivain, gey, clay, has only the found of the long and"
flender a, and differs not in the pronunciation froin flane, -wane.

Au or o'w has the found of the German a, as reew, naughty.

^e is fometimcs found in Latin words not completely naturalifcd or aflimi-
lattd, but is no EngUfli diphthong ; and is more properly exprclled by fing'.e t,
as C'jir, £mas. - ■ . ■

E.

£ I] the letter which occurs rood frequently in the Englifli language.
. E is long, as m feint ; or fliort, as in cellar, feparate, celebrate.

mtn

t/bei.

fFomttt is pronounced nuimen.

The ihort e has fometimes the found of a clofe u, tsfon, ttme.

It is always Ihort befor© a double confonahti' or tw(i.confo-
nants, as in ft.v, perplexity, relent, medlar, reptile, fer pent, cellar,
cjfation, bleJJ{ng, fell, felling, debt.

E is always mute at the end of a word, except in monofylla-
bles that have no other vowel, as the ; or proper names, as Pe-
nelope, Phebe, Derbe ; being ufcd to modify the foregoing con-
fonant, asyiWiT^, tnce, hedge, oblige ; or to lengthen the preceding
vowelj as bun, b^.ne ; can, cane; pin, p'tne ; tun, tiene ; rob,
rihe ; popt fopt ; fir, ftre ;, cur, .cure i tub, tube.

Almoft all words which now tcrmioate.in canfonants ended anoicntly in «, as
year, yean; -u/'ildnifs, •wildvejji; which ir probably 'had the force of the French e
feminine, and ranftituted a lyllahle with its adbtiat^ conionant ; for, in old edi-
tions, words are fometimes di\ided thus, clca-rt, fcl-k, icciuled-ge. This e
was perhaps for a tiqie vocal or filent in poetry, as convenience requircJ ; but it
has been long whi'Hy mute. Camden in his Himains calls it the iilent e.

It does not always lengthen the foregoing vowel, as ^/s-v?, live,
gltie.

It has fometimes in the en<J pf words a found obfcure, and
fcarcely perceptible, as open, papen, Jhotteut'thijile, participle,

iitc?e. '■ ■ ■ , ■ ; '; ' :-'• ■ '•

. This faintnefe of found is found when « feparates a muce from a liquid, at in
rotten; or follows a mute and liquid, as in raff/e.

E forms a diphthong with a, as near ; with /', as deign, receive ;
and with uotiu, asne^VfJieiv.

Ea founds like e long, as mean ;. or like^^, as dear, cJefrxfuar..^

Ei is founded like e lon^, as/eize, perceiving. v '\ -,i •'

£u founds as u long and foft.

E, a, u, are combined in beauty and its derivatives, but have
only the found of u.

E m2Ly be faid to form a diphthong by reduplication, as agree,
fueping.

Ea is found inyecmen, where It is founded as e (hort; and 'in feifle, where it
is pronounced like et.

/has a found, long, as fine; and Ihort, as fin.

That is eminently obfervable in i, which may be lllcewife remarked in other
letters, that the Ihort found, is not the long found contrafled, but a found wholly
diA'etent.

The long fonnd in monofyllables u always marked by the e
final, as thin, thine.

J is often founded before r as a fliort a ; i.% flirt, firft, Jhiri.

It forms a diphthong only with e, a& field, Jhield, which is
founded as the double ee ; except friend, which is founded as
frend.

I is joined with ai in lieu, and rui in •uie^ii ; which triphthong) ate founded as
tbe oprn *.

o.

O is long, as bZiu, aiidiint, corriding ; or fliort, hillock, knock,
iili^ue, /«//.

O coalefces into a diphthong with a, as moan, groan, approach {
oa has the found oio long.

(n% united to f in fome words derived from Greek, as cecontmy ; but ne being
not an Englilh diphthong, they are better written a^ they are luusdcd, with only t,
'ecoixiriy. *

With I, as oil, foil, moil, neifome,

, This ^oalition of letters fcems to unite the founds of the two letters as bet as-
two f»un>& can be united without being dcftroyed, atid therefore approaches more
nearly than any combination in our tongue to the notion of a diphthong.

With 0, as boot, hoot, cooler ; eo has the found of the Italian u.

With K or iv, as our, poiver, flo'wer ; but in fome words has-
only the found'cf o long, as in. foul, bmul, fovj , grtnu. Tiiefe dif-
ferent founds are ufed to dittinguifli difPercnt iigoificatipns ; as
bo^u, an inllrument for (hooting ; boiv, a depreiiion of the head :
fan.!}, the (he of a boar ; foi>j, to fcatter feed : bowl, an orbicular
body ; botxl, a wooden veflel.

Ou is fometimes pronounced like o foft, as court ; fometimes
like 0 (hort, as cough ; fometimes like u clofe, as could ; or ;/ open,
as rough, tough ; which ufe only can teach.

' Ou is frequently ufed in the laft fyllable of words which in Latin end in cr, and
arc made Engliih, as hcncur, labour, favour, from bcno/j tabor ^ fat' or.

Some late innovators havtejefted the u, without coiirtJtring that the lad fyl-
lable gives the found neither of er nor ur, but a found between them, if not com-
pounded of both; befidrt that they are probably dL-rJv.ed to us from the French,
f\ontta in err, as bnnieur, Jivcur.

u.

U is long in /fe, confuflon ; or (hort, as us, concujjion.

It coalefces with a, e, i, o ; but has rather in theie combina-
tions the force of the ou, as quaff, qnefl, quit, quite, languijh ;
fometimes in ui the / lofes its found, as in juice. It is fometimes
mute before a, e, i,y, as guard, guefl, guije, buy.

U is followed by e in virtue, but jhe e has no fojjnd.

Ue is fometimes mute at the end of a word, in imitation of the French, ispro"

rogue, fynagogue, fitgue, vague, harangue.

7" is a vowel, whichi as Quintilian obferves of one of the Ro-
man letters, we might want without inconvenience, but that we
have it. It fupplies the place of; at the end of words, as thy ; ,
before an f, as dying ; and is commonly retained in derivative
words where it was part of a diphthong in the primitive j as de-
Jlroy, dejlroyer ; betray, betrayed, bttrayer ; pray, prayer j fay,
fayer ; day, days.

J'b^ng the^aton vowel y, which was commonly ufcd wher? / is now put, ,
occuts very frequently in all old boolc£>

General Rules.

A vowel inthe beginning or middle fyllable, before two con-,
fonants, is commonly (hort, as opportunity.

In monofyllables a fingle vowel before a fingle confonant is-
ftiort, as flag,. frog.

Many is pronounced as if it were wrote mermy.

Of C O N S O N AN T S..
B.

3 has one unvaried found, fuch as it obtains in other Ian-

guages. , t I L J /

It is mute in debt, debtor, fubtk, doubt, lamb, limb, dumb,

thumb, climb, comb, ivomb.
It is vifed before I and r, »j */«*, hrvaa.

E :N ,G L I S -H ./TON G;.U ]E.

c.

C has before e and / the found of/; a.s^)itere!j, centrLi, cen-
tury, circular, cijiern, city , Jicc'.ty : before a, o, and », it founds
like k, as calm, concavity, copper, incorporate, curiojity, concupij-
cence. ...... ^ . . - _

C might be omitted in the language without lofs,,(ince o«e of its founds might
be fupplicd by/, and the oth* by k, but that it prefervcs to the eye the etymology
0/ words, as fact from fades, captive from captfvus,

Cb has a found which is analyfed into tjh, as church, chin,
crutch, ft is the fame found which the Italians give to the c
fimple before ; and e, as citta, cerro. , 1,

Ch is founded like k in words derived from the Greek, as
chymiji, /cheme, chohr. Arch is commonly founded ark befor* a
vowel, as archangel; and with the Englifti found of ch before a
confonant, as arf^^y^^o/.

Cb, in fame Freoch words not yet affimilatcd, founds lilce fi, as mach'au,
cba'jfe,

C, having no determinate found, according to Engliih ortliography, never ends
a word ; therefore wc write y?iV*» i/s.-,4, which wcc vr'^'mi^l-, fluke, ixcke, in
fjch words, C is now mute. ,

It is ufed before / ajid r, as clxk, crofst

D.

Is uniform in its found, as death, diligent.

It is ufed before r, as drtv), draft ; and vi, as divelK

/", though having a name beginning with a vowel, is num-
bered by die grammarians among the ienii-vowels ; yet has tliis
quality of a mute, that it is commodioudy founded before a
liquid, z%jiajk,jly, freckle. It has an unvariable found, except
that of is fometimes fpokcn nearly as ov.

G.

G has two found?, one hard, as in gay, go, gun ; tlie other
foft, as in gem, giant.

At the end of a word it is always hard, ring, fnug, fong, frog.

Before e and / the found is uncertain.

G before e is foft, as gem, gcicralion, except in gear, geld,
geej'e, get, genvgaiu, and derivatives from words ending in g, as
finging, ftrtnger, and generally before er at the end of words, as
fiiger.

G is mute before n, as gnafh,ftgn, foreign.

G before i is hard, as gi've, except in giant, gigantic, gibhtt,
gibe, giblets, Giles, gill, gdlifiimier , gin, ginger, gingle, to which
may be added Egypt zxiL gypfey .

Gh, in the beginning of a word, has the found of the hard g,
as ghoflly ; in the middle, and fometimes at the end, it is quite
filent, as though, right, fought, fpoken tho', rite, foute.

It has often at the end the found of/, as laugh, whence laugh-
ter retains the fame found in the middle ; cough, trough, fough;
ttugh, enough, Jlough.

It is not to be daobted, but that in the original pronunciation gh hid
the force of a confonant, deeply guttural, which is ftill continued unung the
Scotch.

G is ufed before i, 1, and r.

H.

W is a note of afpiraiion, and (hows that the following vowel
muft be pronounced with a ftrong emiffion of breath, as hat,
horfe.

It feldom begins any but the firll fyllable, in which it is
always founded with a full breath, except in heir, herb, hofller,
honour, humble, honefl, humour, and their derivatives.

It fometimei begins middle or final fyllablesln words compouadcdi as hliik-
It^J; ot derived lium the Lacin,,as ctmprtbetuUd.

h
J confonant founds uniformly like the foft g, and is therefore
a letter efelefs, except in ctynwlog)', as ejaculation, jcftir, jocund,

jlflcti

• • K. ■ ,..'''■

K has the found of hard c, and \i ufed before e and C wKctc,

according to Englirti analogy, c would be foft, 'as kept, king,

Jl-!rt,Jieptick, for fo it Ihould be written, not fceptick, becaufey^

is founded like/, ag in fane. ■

It is ufed before «, as knell, knot, but totally lofes its found in modem pro-
nunciation. . . !

K is never doubled; but c is ufed before it to Ihorten'tha
vowel by a double confonant, as cockle, flc,iU,

L has in Englifh the fame liquid found as in other languages. '

Thecuftom is to double the / at the end of monofyllablcs, as HI!, iv'ill,Ju/f.
Thefe words were originaHy writteiT H/le, tville, fuUc ; and when the e firft
grew filcnt, and was afterwards omitted, tiic //was retained, to give force, ac-
cording to the analogy of our language, to the foregoing vowel.

L is fometimes mute, as in calf, half, halves, calites, could,
•would, fhould, pjalm, talk, faltnon, falcon.

The Saxo.is, who delighted in guttural founds, fometimes afpirated the / af
the beginning of words, as hbj:, a loaf, or bread; hlapolift, a lord; but this
pronunciation is now difufed.

Le at the end of words is pronounced like a weak el, in which
the e is almofl mute, as table, puttie.

M.
Mhas always the fame found, as murmur, monumental.

N.

A'^ has always the fame (bund, as noble, manners.

N is fometimes mute after m, as damn, condemn, hymn.

P has alv/ays the fame found, which the Welfli and Germans
confound with B.

P is fometimes mute, as in pfalm, and between m and /, as
tempt.

Pb is ufed for/ in words derived from the Greek, as philofo-
pher, philanthropy , Philip,

^, as in other languages, is alw.iys followed by «, and has a.
found which our Saxon anceftors well exprefled by cp, ciu, as
quadrant, queen, equeflrian, quilt, enquiry, quire, quotidian. ^ is
never followed by u.

S^u is fometimes founded, in words derived from the French,
like k, as conquer, liquor, rifque, chequer.

R.
R has the fame rough fnarling found as in other tongues.

The Saxons nfed often to put h before it, as before / at the beginning of
words. . .

Rh is ufed in words derived from .the Gteck, as myrrb, mjrrbiiu, catarrhous,
rheum, rbeumdiuk, rhjmt. ,

Re, .It the end of fome words derived from the Latin or
French, is pronounced like a weak er, as theatre, fepulcbre.

S.
£ has a hifling found, 9a fibilation, fiftet.

A Angle > feldom ends any word, except in the third perfon of verbs, as
'Imci, frovii ; and the pkitall of nouns, M (rets, hufits, diftrejfei j th« prontuns
' B » V this,

A 'Grammar of the

tth, th, tan, ynn, u) ; tfie lirerb tbui ; and worJs derived from Latin, as
niat, jufflui ; Che f IcWe being always either in Jt, at himjt, berjc, or inyt) as
grsji, drejt, i/ijs, lifs, anciently gmji, ttrrji.

S fingle, at the end of words, has a wofler found, like that of
», as trees, eyes, except this, thus, us, rebus, furplus.

It fpundj like % before ion, if a vowel goes before, as intrufion ;
and like^ if it follows a confonant, as con'verjton.

It founds like z. before e mute, as refu/e, and before _)i final, as
rejy; and in thofe words ho/om, dejire, •u.-ifjom, prifon, prifoner,
frejint, prefent. Jam/el, ca/ement.

It it the peculiar quality o( f, that it may be founded before all confonants,
except * and as, in which / \% comprifcd, x being only ij, and K a hard or
gftifsf, Tbb / is therefore termed by grammarians fi»te pitifiat'u Ultra ; the
reafon of which the learned Dr. Clarke erroneoully fuppoled to be, that in
fome words it might be #jublcd at plealure. Thus wc find in feveral lan-
guages :

iZ'invfxt, fcatter, Jdcgno, fdrucdolo, ffavetlari, ff"*jH>^, Jgamhrart, jgranare-,
Jhake, Jiumber, fmtli, jnipe, fpace,^iendiiur, fpring, fquax^e, Jbrnv, fi^p, firt^gtb,
^ramen, Jh'ipe, J'vnttura, ftvell,

S is iDUtC in ij!e, ijland, demefnt, vi/cqunl.

7* has its cuHonary found, as take, temptation,

Ti before a vowel has the found of _/f, as/ai'vatioH, except an
/ goes before, as quejiion ; excepting likewife derivatives from
words ending in ty, as mighty, mightier.

Th has two founds ; the one foft, as thus, <whcther ; the other
hard, as thing, think. Thie found is foft in thcfe words, then,
thenct, and there, with their derivatives and compounds ; and in
that, thefe, thou, thee, thy, thine, their, they, this, thofe, them,
though, thus, and in all words between two vowels, as father,
tvhether ; and between r and a vowel, as burthen.

In other words it is hard, as tbici, thunder, faith, faithful.
Where it is foftened at the end of a woid, an e filent mult be
added, as breath, breathe; cloth, clothe.

V.

y has a found of near affinity to that ofy*, vain, vanity.

From f, in the Iflaadjck alphabet, 1/ ir ocly diftinguiihcd by a diacritical
pel IK.

W.

Of Of, which in diphthongs is oftea an undoubted vowel,
fome grammarians have doubted whether it ever be a confonant ;
and not rather, as it is called, a double u or ou, as luater may be
refolved into ouater ; but letters of the fame found are always
reckoned confoaants in other alphabets : and it may be ob-
ferved, that lu follows a vowel without any hiatus or difficulty of
utterance, a frofiy ^winter.

Wh has a found accounted peculiar to the Engllfh, which the
Saxons better cxpreffed by hp, htu, as ivhat, 'whence, -whiting ;
in luhore only, and fometimes in •wholefome, 'wh is founded like
a fimple h.

JT begins no Englilh word ; it has »he found of is, as axle,
Miraneouj.

Y.

y, when it follows a confonant, is a vowel ; when it precedes
•ither a vowel or dipththong, is a confonant, ye, young. It is
thought by fome to be in all cafes a vowel, But it may be ob-
ferved ofy as of 'iu, that it foUoivs a vowel without any hiatus,
as rofy youth.

The thief argument by which •» and y appear to be always vowels is, that
the founds which they arc fuppofed to have as confonant^, cannot be uttercJ
ai^ter • vowel, like that of a'l nther confonants : thus we fay, tu, vt ■■, do, odd ;
tat <A wM, Unu, the two founds »t'«r ha?e ao ickialilaiicc tu ewih «tlic[>
8

Z.

Z begins no word originally EnglLfli ; it has the fonnd, a»
its name ixxard, or f hard exprefles, of an / uttered with clofer
compreffion of the palate by the tongue, in freeze, froxe.

In orthography I have fuppoltd trtbetpj, orjufl utterance tf wurjt, to be in-
cluded ; orthography being only the art of expreiring certain founds by proper
characters. 1 have therefore obferved in what words any of the letters are
mute.

Mod of the writers of Englilh gramtnar have given long tables of words pro-
nounced othcrwifc than they arc written, and feem not fufHclently to have
confidcrcd, that of £nglilh, as of all living tongues, there is a double pro-
nunciation, one curfory and colloquial, the other regular and folemn. The
cjirlory pronunciation is always vague and uncertain, being made diflferent in
diiiercnt mouths by negligence, unikilfulnefs, or an'eilation. The folemn pro-
nunciation, though by no means immutable and permanent, is yet always
Icfs remote from the orthography, and Icfs liable to capricious innovation.
They have however generally formed their tablet according to the curfory
fpccch of thofe with whom they happened to converfe ; and concluding that
the whole nation combines to vitiate language in one manner, have oftea
eftabliflicd the jargon of the lowed of the people as the model of fpeech.

For pronunciation the beft general rule is, to confider thofe of the moft ele-
gant fpeakers who deviate lead from the written words.

There have been many fchcmcs offered for the emendation and fcttlement of
our orthography, which, like that of other nations, being formed by chance,
or according to the fancy of the earlled writers in rude ages, was at fird very
various and uncertain, and is yet fufficlently irregular. Of thefe reformers
fome have endeavoured to accommodate orthography better to the pronunci-
ation, without confiderlng that this is to mcafure by a ihadow, to take that for
a mod^l or ilandard which is changing while they apply it. Others, lefs
abfurdly indeed, but with equal unlikelihood of fuccels, have endeatoured to
proportion the number of letters to that of founds, that every found may have
its own charaftcr, and every character a lingle found. Such would be the.
ortliography of a new language to t% formed by a fynod of grammarians
upon principles of fcience. But who can hope to prevail on nations to change
their praftice, and make all their old books ufelefs ? or what advantage would
a new orthography procure equivalent to the confulion and perplexity of fuch
an alteration f

Some of thefe fchemes I fliall however exhibit, which may be ufcd according
to the diverfitics of genius, as a guide to reformers, or terrour to innovators.

One of the fird who propofed a fcheme of regular orthography, was Sir
Thomas Smith, fecretary of date to Queen Elizabeth, a man of real learning,
and much pra£llfed in grammatical difquiQtions. Had he written the following
lines according to his fcheme, they would have appeared thus 1

At length Erafmus, that great injur'd name,
The glory of the ptiedhood, and the fhame,
Stemm'd the wild torrent of a barb'rous age.
And drove thofe holy Vandals off the dage.

Ac IcngiS Erafmus, Sat gret Vngurd nam.
At glorV of So priidhtid, and Se zam,
Stcmmd Se TOild torrent of a barb'rous aj.
And drijv S'os hiili Vandals off Se daj.

After him another mode of writing was offered by Dr. Gill, the celebrated
maftcr of St. Paul's fchool in London ; which I cannot reprcfent cxa^ly for
want of types, but will approach as nearly as 1 can by means of charattcr^
now in ufe, fo as to make it undcrftood, exhibiting two ftanzas of Speofeiia tlie
reformed orthography.

Spenfer, book iii. canto 5.
tTnthankful wretch, faid he, is this the meed.
With which her fovereign mercy thou dod quite f
Thy life fhe faved by her gracious deed j
But thou dod ween with viiianous defpight.
To blot her honour, and her beav'nly light.
Die, rather die, than fo difloyally
Deem of her high defert, or feem fo light.
Fair death it Is tj ihun more Ihame ; then die*
Die, rather die, than ever love difloyally.

But if to love difloyalty it be,
Shall I then hate her, that from deathes door
Me brought ? ah ! far be fuch reproach fi om ms>
What can 1 lefs do, than her love therefore,
Sith I her due reward cannot redore ?
Die, rather die, and dying do her fcrvc.
Dying her ferve, and living her adore.
Thy life (he gave, thy life fhe doth deferve ;
Die, rather die, than ever from her (enice fwtrvt.

VrJlonkful wrs:i, faid hj, iz Sis Se mjd,
Wi|j lob hrr fotcrdin miifi Sou dud qujt ^
Dj Ijf rj '"tt!''- bj htr grafius djd ;
Sue Sou duil wca wi|i V'iinus diipjt,

T»

ENGLISH TONGUE.

Tu blot btr honor, and her hctlalj lL6ti
Pj, ra^ir dj, iScn Co diflolalj
Pjm o( hir hii> dizirt, or fjm fo liit.
Fair dt|| ic iz tu fun mwr film ; ^in dj*
Pj, nSer dj, Ssn itlfr lub difloulj.

But it" tu lub difloialtj it bj, ~

Sal 1 ^in hat htr ^at iVom diSez dxr
Mj brouit ? oh ! f#' bj fuo nproj from mj.
Wat kan I iis du iStn hir iuti Scrfvr,
Siir i her du riw^rd icanot reitur ?
Dj, rjiJSer dj, and djij du htr firto,
DJ!5 hir fiib, and lib.; hsr adir.
Dj Ijf f j 6«*'> *j Ijf rj <iuA dizerVl ;
Dj, raiit dj, ita (btr r'rom hir I'tibii fwirb.

Dr. Gill was followed by Charles Butler, a man who did not want an un-
derftanding which might have qualified him for better emp'.i'yiricnt. He ferns
to have been more fanguine than his predccefTors, for he prjnted his book ac-
cording to his own I'chenke ; which the following fpecimcn will make eafily un-
derwood.

But whenfoerer you have occaflon to trouble their patience, or to come
ireong them being troubled, it is better to ftanJ upon your guard, than to
truft to their gentlenefs. For the fafeguard of your face, which they have
moft mind unto, provide a purfttiood, made of coarfc bouUering, to be drawn
and knit about your collar, which fur more fafety is to be lined againft the
eminent parts with woollen cloth. Firfl cut a piece about an inch and a half
broad, and half a yard l;ing, to reach round by the temples and forehead, from
one ear to the o^her; which being fowcd in his place, join unto it two Ihort
pieces of the fame breadth under the eyes, for the balls of the cheeks, and then
fet another piece about the breadth of a (hilling againft the top of the aofe.
At other times, when they are not angered, a little piece half a quarter broad,
to cover the ejes and parts about them, may lerve, though it be in the heat of
the day.

Bet penfocver you hay' occafion to trubble 8eir patlenc', or to c«»m among
tern hiring trubled, it is better to ftand upon your gard, San to truft to 8eir
gentlenes. For *e faf gard of your fac', pi? 8ey hav' moft mind' unto,
provid' a purfehjod, mad' of coorfe boultering, to b« drawn and knit about
your collar, pis for raor' faf'ty is to b« lined againft S' eminent parts wit
wecUen clot. Firft cut a free' about an jna and a half broad, and half a \ard
long, to ten round by Se temples and for'head, from one ear to 8e o8er j
yia bfcing fowrd in his plac', join unto it two fort paces of the fam breadT
under 'Se eys, for the bails of ie chirks, and then fet an oSer p«c' about 8t
breadr of a filling againft the top o 8c nofe. At o8er tim's, fen 8ey at'
not angered, a little pice' half a quarter broad, to cover 8e eys and parts about
them, may fcrve, 8owj it be in the heat of 8e day. Buikr m Ihi Nature anj
Frtfcrlits cf Beit, 1634.

In the time of Charles I. tber« was a very prevalent Inclination to change
the orthography; as appears, among other books, in fuch editions of the
works of Miltun as were publilhed by himlilf. Of thefe reformers, every
man bad his own fchcme ; but they agreed in one general delign of accommo-
dating the letters to the pronunciation, by ejcfting fuch as they thought fu-
perfluous. Seme of them would have writun thefe lines thus :

-All the erth

Shall then be paradis, far happier place
Than this of Eden, and far happier dais.

Birtiop Wllklns afterwards, in his great work of the philofophital Janjuage,
f ropofed, without expeSing to be followed, a regular orthography ; by which
(he Lord't prayer i» 10 be written thus :

y»r Fadher hnitfli art in hcven halloed bi dhyi nam, dhyi cingdym cym, dhy
•ni bi dyn in erth as it is in heven, ic.

We have finee had no general reformers ; but fome ingenious men have
endeavoured to deferve well of their country, by writing bcmr and iaior for
iimur and Uinur, rtd for riad in the preter-tenfe, ja'is (or Jay t, rtfett for rtfeai,
txf'.am for ixflam, or dutamt for dicta'm. Of thefe it may be laid, that as they
have done no good, they have done little harm ; both bccaufe they have inno-
vated little, and becaule few have followed them.

The Englilh language has properly no dialefls ; the ftyle of writers has no
profeffed diverfity in the ufe of words, or of their flexions, and terminations,
■or differs but by diflferent degrees of (kill or care. The oral diiftion is uniform
is no fpacious country, but has lefs variation in England than in moft other
nations of equal extent. The language of the northern counties retains many
word* novv out of ufe, but which are commonly of the genuine Teutonick
lace, and is uttered with a pronunciation which now fccms harlh and rough,
but wai probably ufed by our anceftors. The northern fpcrch is therefore not
barbarous but obfoletc. The fpcech in tiic wcftern provinces fecms to differ
Xrom the general diflion rather by a depraved ptunwicistioD, thao by any real
4iS<T<i)ce which JctKn would cxprcii.

ETYMOLOGY,

ETYMOLOGY teaches the deduftion of one word from
atiother, and the various modifications by which the fenfe
of the fame word is diverfified ; as horj'e, horfes ; I love, I loved.

0/ tie A R T I c V t.
The Englilh have two articles, an or a, and t&e.

An, a.

ji Jias an indefinite fignification, and means one, with fome
reference to more ; as T/jis ii a good hook, that is, one among the
books that are good. He tvas killed by a fvjord, that is, yZfa#
/•word. This is a better book for a man than a boy, that is, for
one ofthoje that are men than one of thofe that are boys. An army
might enter ivithout refiftance, that is, any army.

In the fenfes in which we ufe a or an in the fingular, we fpeak
in the plural without an article ; as, thefe are good books.

1 have made an the original article, becaufe it is only the Saxon an, or arn,
on.', applied to a new ufe, as the German tm, and the French un : the n being
cut off before a conibnant in the fpeed of utterance. ~

Grammarians of the laft age direft, that an fhould be ufed
before h ; whence it appears that the Englilh anciently afpirated
lefs. Jn is ftill ufed before the filent b, as, an herb, an haneft
man : but otherwife a ; as,

A horfe, a horfe, my kingdom for a horfe. Shakefpeatt.

An or a can only be joined with a ftngular, the correfpondent
plural is the noun without an article, as Iivant a fen ; J ivant
fens : or with the pronominal adjt&'ivefome, as / luant fome fens.

The has a particular and definite fignification.

The fruit
Of that forbidden tree, whofe mortal talle
Brought death into the wor!d. Milton.

That is, that f articular fruit, and this tvorld in ivhich iiiie live.
So, He giveth fodder for the cattle, and green herbs for the ufe of
man ; that is, for thofe beings that are cattle, and his ufe that
is man.

The is ufed in both numbers.

I am as free as Nature firft made man.

Ere the bafe laws of fervitude began.

When wild in woods the noble favage ran. D'ryden.

Many words are nfed without articles ; as,

1. Proper names, as John, Alexander, Longinus, Arijlarchus,
ferufalem, Athens, Rome, London. GoD is ufed as a proper name.

2. AbftraA names, as blacknefs, nuitchcraft , virtue, vice, beauty,
uglinefs, love, hatred, anger, good-nature, kindnefs,

3. Words in which nothing but the mere being of any thing
is implied : This is not beer, but water : this is not brafs, but

fleel.

Of Nouns Substantives,

The relations of Englilh nouns to words going before or fol-
lowing, are not exprelfed by cafes, or changes of termination,
but as in moft of the other European languages by prepofitiont,
unlefs we may be faid to have a genitive cafe.

I

Nom.
Gen.

Dat.
Ace.
Voc.
Abl.

Singular.
Magifter, a Mailer, the Mailer.

Magillri, of a Mailer, of the Mailer, or Mailers,

the Mallert.
Magillro, to a Mailer, to the Mailer.
Magillrum, a Mailer, the Mailer.
Magifter, Mafter, O Mafter.

Magillro, from » Mafter, from tbt Mailer.

Plural.

A GRAMMAR OF THE

Plural.

Nom. Magillrl, Madcrs, the Matters.

Gen. Magillrorum, e/"Mailfrs, of the yiiAex%.

Dat. Magiftris, to Mailers, to the Matters.

Ace. Magiftros, Matters, the Matters.

Voc. Magiftii, Matters, O Matters.

Abl. Magiftris, from Matters, from the Matters.

Our nouns are therefore only declined thus :

Matter, Gen. Matters. Plur. Matters.

Scholar, Cen. Scholars. Tlur. Scholars.

Thcfe genitives are always written with i mark of clifion, majier't, fcholar's,
according to an opinion long received, tliat the '» is a contraction of hit, as the
foldier't valour, for ihifild'ier his vaUur i but this cannot be the true original,
bccaufe 's is put to femile nouns, ff^anan's htauiy ; the Virgin' t delicacy ; Haughty
^/»'i unrtltntmg bate : and collcflivc nouns, as fVomcn's paffant, the rahik't
mfilence, the multitude'' t felly ; in all thefe cafes it is apparent that his cannot be
underftood. We fay liiccwifc, thefouitdaiion'sjlrengih, the diamord's lujire, the
lyinter's ftvcrity ; but in thefe cafes bis may be underftood, he and bis having
tormirly been applied to neuters in the place now fupplied by it and its.

The learned and fagacinus Wilis, to whom cveiy Engliili grammarian owes a
tribute of reverence, calls this modification of the noun an adjeHiv: Ix.JJiJJlvc ;
1 think with no more propriety than he might have applied the fame to rhe geni-
tive in iqultuin decus, Trjte oris, or any other Latin genitive. Dr.Lowth, on the
Other part, fuppofes the pofTelfive pronouns i«i«r and thir:t to be genitive cafes.

This termination of tnc noun feems to conftitute a leal genitive indicating
pofleflion. It is derived to us from thofe who declined rmi8, afmiih; Gen.
.r.TlScp, ofafmith ; t'lur. J-mxiScJ-, or rmi8aJ-,_/»H»i>j ; and fo in two other of
tlicir fevcn decletiHons.

It is a further confirmation of this opinion, that in the old poets both the
genitive anj plural were longer by a fyliable than the original word ; kiitis, for
knight's, in Chaucer ; Uavis, for haves, in Spenfcr.

When a word ends in s, the genitive may be tile fame with the nominative, as
Vertis Temple.

The plural is formed by adding /, as table, tables ; fly, flies ;
fifler,fij}ers ; •vjood, ivoods ; or es where s could not other^vife be
founded, as after ch, s, Jh, x, a ; after c founded like s, and g
I'lkej ; the mute e is vocal before s, as lance, lances ; outrage,
tut rages.

The formjtion of the plural and genitive fingular is the fame.

A few words yet mak.e the plural in a, as men, nvotncn, oxen, fwine, and more
anciently eyin -^ni finon. This f jrmation is that which generally prevails in the
Xeutonick dialects.

Words that end in /"commonly form their plural by -ves, as
haf, loaves ; calf, calves.

Except a few, muff, muffs ; chitf, chiefs. So bttf, reof, frtKf, relief, mifcbief,
fuff, cuff, dwarf, handkerchief, grief.

Irregular plurals are teeth from tmib, Hce from hufe, mice from mcufe, ge.fe
{com gotfe, feel from/of-r, dice from die, fence Uom penny, br^:hren from brother,
children from child.

Plurals -ending in s have for the moft part no genitives ; but
we fay, Womens excellencies, and ff''ei^h the mens ivits again/l the
ladies hairs. Pope.

Dr. Wallis thinks the Lords' hmfe may be faid for the houjt if Lords ; but fuch
phrafes are not now in ufe ; and furcly an Englilh ear rebels againll them. They
would commonly produce a troublefome ambiguity, as the L'.rd's buufe may be
the beuje of Lords, or the houfe of -x Lord. Belidcs that the mark of clifion is
in>proper, for in the Lords' houfe nothing is cut off.

Some Englifli fubftantives, like thofe of many other languages, change their
tarr.iinatjon as they exprefs diftei ent fexcs, as prince, princefs ; alJor, aSrcfs ; Rm,
Hone's ; hero, heroine. To thefe mentioned by Dr. Lowth may be added arb'iirefs,
poetifs, ehaunlrejs, duchefs, ligrefs, governefs, tuirefs, pecrefs, authorefs, traytrefs,
and perhaps others. Of thefe variable terminations we have only a fufficient
number to make us feel our want ; for when we fay of a woman that flie is a
ph'tUfpher, an ajlroncmer, a builder, a iveaver, a dancer, we perceive an impro-
priety in the terminatii'n which we cannot avoid ; but we can fay that (he is an
trehiliH, a hotaniJI, ifudtni, becaufe thefe terminations have not annexed to
tinm tlie notion of (ex. Jn words which the nece(rities of life are often re-
quiring, the fex is dift.njuilhcd not by different terminations, but by dift'ercnt
names, as, a bull, a conu ; a hcrfe, a mare ; eijuus, ejua ; a cock, a hen j and fome-
times by pronouns prefixed, as a he.goai, u (kc-goat.

Of Adjectives.
Adjeflives in the finglifti language are wholly indeclinable ;
having neither cafe, gender, nor number, and being added to
fubftantives in all relations without any change ; as a good wo-
man, good luomen, of a good nuoman ; a good man, good men, of
good men.

The ComparifoH of AdjeSllves.

The comparative degree of adjeftives is formed by adding «•,
the fuperlative by adding efl, to the pofitive ; as fair, fairer,
iwefl ; lo--jely,\ost\\er, loveli^y? ; /ivtv/, fweet^r, fweet^ ; lotti,
lower, \cwfjl ; high, liighrr, high;-/?.

Some words are irregularly compared ; as good, better, hcjl ;
bad, eworfe, tvorfi ; little, lifs, leaft ; near, nearer, next ; much,
more, moj} ; many (or mce), more (for moer), mofl (for moeji') ; late,
later, latefl or laj}.

Some comparatives form a fuperlative by adding tnofl, as
nether, ncthcrmofl ; outer, oiUermofi ; under, undermofl ; up, upper,
upper mojf ; fore, former, for emoji.

Moft is fometimes added to a fubftantive, as topmoft , fiuthmoft .

Many adjeftives do not admit of comparifon by terminations,'
and are only compared by more and mojl, as benevolent, mart
bene'volent , moft benevolent.

All adjeiSives may be compared by more and m»ft, even when
they have comparatives and fuperlatives regularly formed ; as
fair ; fairer, or more fair ; faireft, or moft fair.

In adjectives that admit a regular comparifon, the comparative mive !< oftener
ufed than the fuperlative rmfi, as more fair is oftener written lot fairer, than molt
fair for faircf.

The comparifon. of adjeftives is very uncertain ; and being
much regulated by commodioufnefs of utterance, or agreeable-
nefs of found, is not eafily reduced to rules.

Monofyllables are commonly compared.

Polyfyllables, or words of more than two fyllables, are feldom
compared otherwife than by more and moft, as deplorable, tnort
deplorable, moft deplorable.

Diflyllables are feldom compared if they terminate in feme,
as fiilfome, toilfome ; in ful, as careful, ffleenfiil, dreadful ; in
ing, as trifling, charming ; in ous, as porous ; in lefs, as carehfs,
harmlefs ; in ed, as luretched ; in id, as candid ; in al, as mortal ;
in enf, as recent , fer'vent ; in ain, as certain ; in ive, as mijjive ;
XTsdy, zs luoody ; vn. ff, as pttfly ; in ^Vj is.rociy, except IticHy ;
in my, as roomy ; in ny, asjkinny ; in py, as ropy, except happy ;
in ry, as hoary.

Some comparatives and fuperlatives are yet found in good writers, formed
without regard to the foregoing rules : but in a language fubjeCted fo little and fo
lately to grammar, fuch anomalies mull freijuently occur.

Sojtady is compared by Milton.

She '\t\padieji covert hid,
Tun'd her ooCturnal note. Faradife Lojt.

And virtuws.

What (he wills to fay or do.
Seems wifefl, virtutujeji, difcreetcft, bell. Paradije Lefl.

So trifing, by Ray, who is indeed of no great authority.

it is not fo decorous, in refpeCl of God, that he (hould immediately
do all 'the meaneft and trifingrj} things himfclf, without making ufe of
any inferior or fubordinate minider. Ray on the Creation.

Famous, by Milton.

1 (hall be nam'd among the famoufcjl
Of women, fung at folemn fellivals. Milton's Agtniftes.

In-vent'nie, by jijcham. '

Thofe have the invent'eveft beads for all purpofes, and roundell tongues
in all matters. uijebam's Schoolmafier.

Mortal, by Bacon.

The martalefl poifons praClifed by the Weft Indians, have fomc mixture
of the blood, fat, or flclh of man. Bacon,

Natural, by Wottos.

I will now deliver a few of the properefl and naturolkfi confiderations
that belong to this piece. Wotlon's Arcbitcciure.

IVretehed, by Jonfon.

The ivretcheder are the contemners of all helps j fuch as prefuming on
tiieir own naturals, deride diligence, and mock at terms when they un-
dcrdand not things. Ben fonfm.

Vnverful, by Milton.

We have fuftain'd one day in doubtful fight,
What heav'n's great King hath f.w'rfifl.'eji to fend
Againft us from about his throne. Paradije Lcfi,

■ The

ENGLISH TONGUEi

The term!«»t!on \n !Jh any be acceunteJ In fome fort 9 degree of comparifon,
by which the fignlnca.ioa is diminiihed below the poficive, as ilacky black'ijhy or
tending to bbcknefs ; jah,Jahijk, or having a little tafte of fait : they therefore
admit no comparifon. This termination is fddom added bntto words expreiling
fenfible qualities, nor often to words of above one fy)Uble, and is fcaredy ufed
io the foiemn or fubiimc llyle. ' ■

CyPRONOUNS.

Pronouns, in the EngHfti language, are, /, thtu, be, with fHeir
plurals, ttie, ye, they ; it, ivho, luhich, •what, ivhether, ivho/oe-ver ,
<vibalfoen:er , m/, mine, our, ours, thy, thine, your, yours, his, hir,
hers, their, theirs, this, that, other, another , ^x\\c fame , fame.

The pronoans perfonal are irregularly inflefted.
Singular. Plural.

Nom. I

We

Accuf. and other ) -^
oblique caies. ]

Us

AW. Thou

Ye

Oblique. Thee

You

Ysu is commonly ufed ia modern writers foryr, particularly in the language of
cere:aonJr, where the fccond perfon plural is ufed for the fecond perfon fingular,
Yi,u art my fr':ei:tt'

Singular. Plural.

Ouique. Sfm TheL } ^^^^"^ " mafcuHnes.

Nom. She Thev 1 , ,• . r • •

Ohl,que. Her Them } '^PP^'^'^ '° fem.nines.

rpi ^ {• Applied to neuters or things.

Nom.
Obliqut,

It

Its

For // the praflice of ancient writers was to ufe he, and for
;■//, his.

The poffeflive pronCuns, like other adjeftives, are without
cafes or change of termination.

The pofleflivk of the fitH perfoa is my, mine, our, tun ; of the
fecond, thy, thine, your, yours ; of the third, from he, his ; hoxajhe,
her, and hers ; and in the plural their^ theirs, for both fexes.

Ouri, yeurt, km, tle-rt, are ufed *hen the ftblantive preceding is fcparatcd
by a ve;b, at T^^jirr our Ae«>i. Theft kaki art van. Your ebiUm tsKti oars
infijttirej hut ours Jurpajx yours tn /ei:rn'!Jig.

Can, yiuri, ten, ibtiri, notwithllanding their feeming plural termination,
are applied equally to Angular and plural fubltaotives, as, Ti!>;i hock ii ourt. Theft
betki are ours.

Mitu and ih'mt were formerly ufed before a vowel, as mine amUblthdy ; which,
though now difufed in profe, might be ftill properly continued in poetry : they are
ofed as tun and j'»r>, and are referred to a fubftantive preceding, as thy houfe is
larger than mine, but jny garden if more fpacioui than thim.

Their znd. theirs are the pofleflives likewife o{ they, when they
it the plural of ;>, and are therefore applied to things.

Pronouns relative ZKriuh*, -which, ivhat, tuhether, •who/oever,
%ohatfoei:er.

Sing and Plur.
Nom. Who

Gen. Whofe

Other oblique cafes. Whom

Sing, and Plur.
Nom. Which
Gen. Of which, or whofe
Other oblique cafes. Which.

Wba is now ufed in relation to perfons, and ivhkb in relation to things ; but
they were anciently confounded. At leatt it was common to fay, the roan Vfhlcb,
though 1 remember no example of the thing lubo,

Whaft if rather th« poetical than regular genitive of vihkb :.
The fruit
Of that forbidden tree, ivbefe nwrtal tafie
Brought death into the world. Mitlon,

H^tbtr is only ufed in the nominative and accufative cafei ; and has nc plural,
being applied only to on< of a number, commonly to one of two, as Whether of
Ihtfi ij lift liitvtu not. Whether flyall I tboofe ? It Is now almod obfolete.

What, whether relative or interrogative, is without variation.
IVhofoe'ver, nvhatfoever , being compounded of who 01 "what,
zadfoevcr, follow th« rule of their primitives,

Si

In all cafes, <

Singular.
This
That
Other
Whether

Plural.
Thefe
Thofe
Others

The plural ctbers is not ufed but when it is referred to a fubllantive preceding,
as / huvcfent other korfes. I have nctfint the fame horfcs, but others.

Another, being only an other, has no plural.

Here, there, and 'where, joined with certain particles, have a
relative and pronominal ule. Hereof, herein, hereby, hereafter,
herei'jith, thereof, therein, thereby, thereupon, there-tuith, luhereof,
•wherein, •ivherehy, luhereupon, ivhereivtth, which lignify, of this,,
in this, &c. of that, in that, &C. ofivhieh, inivhich, &C.

Therefore and ivherefore, which are properly, there for and
•where for, for that, for •which, are now reckoned conjunflions,
and continued in ufe. The reft feem to be paffing by degrees
into negleft, though proper, ufeful, and analogous. They are-
referred both to lingular and plural antecedents.
• There are two more words ufed only in conjunftion with pro*
nouns, ciun ^ndfelf.

Oiun is added to polTeflives, both lingular and plural, as my
own hand, our own hciife. It is emphatical, and implies a filent
contrariety or oppofition ; as / li^ve in my oiun houfe, that is, not
in a hired houfe. This 1 did •with my OTvn band, that is, ivithotit
help, or not by proxy.

Selfh added to pofleflives, as myfclf,yourf elves ; and fometimes
to perfonal pronouns, as himfelf, itfelf, themfel-ves. It then, like
own, exprefles emphafis and oppolition, as / did this myfelf,
tliat is, Mt another ^ or it forms a reciprocal pronoun,- as We
hurt oiirfel'ves by •vain ragi.

IVimfdf, itfelf, ibimfelves, are fuppofed by Wallis to be put, hy corruption, for
bit felf, it' JL-lf,. their fjvii ;. (a ihii felf is always a fubllantivc. This feema
juilly obf:rved, for we- fay. He came himfif; Himftlffliall do this ; where himfelf
cannot be an accufatiTC*

Of the V Z V^ ^.

Englifh verb* are afl.iv«, as / lo^ve ;. or neater, z.t.Lliinguif>t
The neuters are formed like the aftives.

Mod verbs fignifying aClhn may likewife fignify condition or hebit, and becoms
neuters, a^ / love, 1 am in luvc j Iflrikc, I am now llrilcing.

Verbs have only two tenfes inflefted in their terminations, the
prefent, and the fimple preterite ; the other tenfes are compounded
of the auxiliary verbs ha've, fhall, •will, let, may, can, and the in*
finitive of the aftive or neuter verb.

The pafiive voice is formed by joining the participle preterite
to the fubftantive verb, as / am loved.

To ha^ve. Indicative Moodi

Prefent Tenfe.
Sing. I have ; thou haft ; he hath or has ;
Fltir. ire have ; ye have ; they have.

Hal is a termination corrupted from hath, hut now more frequently tt<cd botll'-
in verfe and profc.

Simple Preterite.
Sing. I had ; thou hadft ; he had ;
Plur. We had ; ye had ; they had.

Compound Preterite.
Sing. I have had ; thou haft had ; he has or hath had ;
Flur. We have had ; ye have had ; they have had.

PreterpluperfcS.
Sing. I had had ; thou hadft had ; he had had ;-
Plur. We had had ; ye had had ; they had had.

Future.
Sing. I (hall have ; thou (halt have ; he fliall have ;■
Plur. W( (hail have ; yt (hall have ; they Ihall have.

A GRAMMAR OF THE

SeetHd Futurt.
Slug. I will have ; thou, wilt have ; be will have ;
Plur. IVe will have ; ye will have ; they will have.

By Tudiog thele future tcnfci may be obfenred the vuiationt t>{ Jball and
will.

Imperative Mood.
Sing. Have, w have thou ; let him have ;
Plur, Let HI have ; have, or have ye ; let them have,

Conjunflive Mood.

Prefetit.
Sing, I have ; thou have ; he have ; %

Plur. We have ; ye have ; they have.

Preterite fimfle as in the Indicative.

Preterite compound.
Sing, I have had ; /^eu have had ; he have had ;
Plur. Ife have had ; ye have had ; they have had.

Sing, I (hall have ; as in the Indicative.

Second Future,
Sing. I (hall have had ; thou (halt have had ; be (hall have had ;
Plur. We (hall have had ; ye (hall have had j they (hall have had.

Potential.
The potential form of fpeaking is expre(red by may, can, in
the prefent ; and might, could, or Jhould, in the preterite, joined
with the infinitive mood of the verb.

Pre/ent,
Sing. I may have ; thou mayft have ; he may kave{
Plur. We may have ; ye may have; they may ha%'c.

Preterite.
Sing. I might have ; thou mighttt have ; he might have ;
Plur. We might have ; ye might have i they might have.

Prefent.
Sing. I can have ; thoa canft have ; he can have^
Plur. We can have ; ye can have ; they can have.

Preterite.
Sing, /could have ; thou couldft have ; be could have;
J'lur. We could have ; ye could have ; they could have.

In like manner Jhould is united to the verb.

There is likewife a double preterite.
Sing. I Ihould have had ; thou (houldll have had ; be Ihould have

had ;
Plur. We (hould have had ; j'f ihould have had ; they Ihould have
had.
In like manner we ufe, / might have had ; / could have had,
iSc.

In(inttive Mood.

Prefent. To have. Preterite, To have had.

Participle pT if ent. Having. Partiiiple preler. Had.

Verb Aftive. " To lovt.

Indicative. Prefent,
Sing, /love; //^ox loveft ; /v loveth, or loves j
Plur. We love ; ye love ; they love.

Prefer in Jimple.
Sing, /loved; fltoM lovedll ; Af loved;
Plur. We loved ; ye loved ; they lo\'ed.

Prettrperfeit compound. I have loved, ^u

Preterpluperfeil. J had loved, ij(.

Future. J (hall bve, Wc . / will love, ^c.

Imperative.
Sing. Love, «r love thou ; let him love ;
Plur. Let atf love j love, or lovc>* ; let them love.

Conjunftive. Preftnt.
Sing. I love ; thou love ; he love ;
Plur. We love ; ye love ; they love.

Preterite fimple, as in the Indicative.
Preterite compound. I have loved, l^c.
Future. I (hall love, i^c.
Second Future. I fliall have loved, tic.

Potential.
Prefent. I may or can Iwe, t5ff.
Preterite, /might, could, «r (hould Iove,£sf<-.
Double Preterite. J might, could, or (hould have loved, fcff.

Infinitive.
Prtfent. To love. Preterite. To have loved.

Participle prefent. Loving. Participle paft. Loved.

The palTive is farmed by the addition of the participle prete-
rite to the diiFerent tenfes of the verb to be, which muft there-
fore be here exhibited.

Indicative. Prefent,
Sing. I am ; thou art ; he'u;

Plur. We are, or be ; ye are, or be ; they are, or be.
The plural tc is now Uctle in ufe.

Preterite.
Sing. I was ; thou waft, or wert ; A« wa« ;
Plur. We were ; ye were ^ //^{y were.

fyeri is properly of the conjunflive mood, and ought not to be ttfed !a the
indicative.

Preterite compound, /have been, lie-.
Preterpluperfea. I had been, l^c.
Future. I (liall or will be, i£c.

Imperative.
Sing. Be thou ; let him be ;
Plur. Letajbc; be_;v ; Xttthemhe,

Conjunftive, Prefent,
Sing. I be ; thou beeft ; ^^ be ;
Plur. We be ■; _;'^ be ; they be.

Preterite,
Sing. I wpre ; thou wert ; he were;
Plur. We were ; ye were ; they were.

Preterite compound. /Jiave been, ^r.
Future. I (hall have been, ^r.

PotentiaJ.
/ may er can ; would," could, or (hould be ; could, would, w
(hould have been, tSc,

Infinitive.
Prefent, To be. Preterite. To have been.

Participle prefent. Being, Participle preter. Having been.

PalTive Voice. Indicative Mood.
/ an loved, lie. I was loved, ^c I have been loved, He.

If /be loved, ^f.
loved, He,

Conjunftive Mood.
If / were loved, He,

If /ftiall have been
Potential

ENGLISH TONGUE.

Potential Mood,
/may er can be loved, tfr . / might, could, er (hould be loved,
i^c /might, could, er fliould have been loved, (sfc^

Infinitive.
Frtfent. To be loved. Preteriie. To have been loved.
Participle. Loved.

There is another form of Engli(h verbs, in which the infinitive
mood is joined to the verb do in its various infledions, which are
therefore to be learned in this place.

To Do;

Indicative. Prefent,
Sing, I do ; thou doft ; it doth ;
Flur. IVeioijieio; they do.

PreterUf,
Sing. I did ; thou didll ; he did ;
Plur. We did ; ye did ; they did.
Preterite, i^c. / have done, tsfc. /had done, ^c,
Future. I Ihall or will do, ^c.

Imperative.
Sing. Do thou ; let him do;
Flur. Let ut do; ioye; let them do.

Conjunftive. Preftnt.
Sing. / do ; thou do ; ^* do ;
Plur. We do sye do; they do.

The reft are as in the Indicative.

Infiniti've. To do ; to have done.

Participle prefent. Doing. Participle preter. Done.

Do is fometimes ufed fuperfluoufly, as / do love, /did love;
fimply for / love, or / loved; but this is confidered as a vitious
mode of fpeech.

It is fometimes ufed emphatically; as,

/ do love thee, and vihen I love thee net.

Chaos is come again. Shakefpeare.

It is frequently joined with a negative ; " as / like her, hut I
do not love her ; I vjijhed him fuccefi , but did not help him. This,
by cnftom at leaft, appears more eafy than the other form of
cxpreffing the fame fenfe by a negative adverb after the verb, /
like her, but love her not.

The Imperative prohibitory is feldom applied in the fecond
perfon, at leaft in profe, without the word do ; as Stop him, but
do not hurt him ; Praife beauty, but do not dote on it.

Its chief ufe is in interrogative forms of fpeech, in which it is
ufed through all the perfons ; as Do / live ? Doft thou Jlrike
me? Do they rebel ? Did J complain F DidA thou love her? Did
Jhe die ? So likewife in negative interrogations ; Do / not yet
griev!? D\d file not die ?

Do and did are thus ufed only for the prefent and fimple pre-
terite.

There is another manner of conjugating neuter verbs, which,
when it is ufed, may not improperly denominate them neuter
pajjivei, as they are inflefted according to the paffive form by the
help of the verb fubftantive to be. They anfwer nearly to the
reciprocal verbs in Frencli ; as

1 am rifen, furrexi, Latin ; Je me fuis leve, French,
I vjas vjalkedout, exieram ; Je m'etois promene.

In tike manner we commonly exprefs the prefent tenfe ; a;, I am going, to.
1 am grieving, ditto. She is dying, ilia morilur. The temped is raging, /«nf
proctlla. I am purfuing an enemy, brtji^m wjequor. So the other tenfcs, as, tVt
vitr- -uialking, iluyx^nitn <«{iw»lWif, / havt iien v/olkirg, I had ittn walking,
&a^ or ivi/l bt 'walki'^z.

Vol. I.

There Is another manner of ufing the aftive participle, which gives !t a paji
five fignificarion : as, The grammar is now printing, graixmauca jam tiun
charlis mprimilur. The brals is forging, <rrj cxcuduijiur. This is, in my opi-
nion, a vitious exprcflion, probably corrupted from a phrafe more pure, but now
fomewhat obfolete : The took it a printing. The brafs is a forging ; a being pro-
perly at, and printing and forging verbal nouns fignifying ailion, according to
the analogy of this language.

The indicative and conjunflive moods are by modern writers frequently con-
founded, or rather the conjunftive is wholly neglefted, when fome convenience
of verCfication does not invite its revival. It is ufed among the purer writers of
former times after if, though, ere, before, till or until, -whether, except, un/eft,
•whatjofver, luhomfeever, and words of wifhing ; as, Doubilefs ihou art our father,
though Abraham be ignorant of us, and Ifael acknowledge us not,

0/"Irregular Veres.

The Englilh verbs were divided by Ben Jonfon into four con-
jugations, without any reafon arifing from the nature of the lan-
guage, which has properly but one conjugation, fuch as has been
exemplified ; from which all deviations are to be confidered as
anomalies, which are indeed in our monofyllable Saxon verbs,
and the verbs derived from them, very frequent ; but almoft all
the verbs which have been adopted from other languages, follow
the regular form.

Our verbs are obferved by Dr. Wallls to be irregular only in the formation of
the preterite, and its participle. Indeed, in the fcantinefs of our conjugations,
there is fcarcely any other place for irregularity.

The firft irregularity is a (light deviation from the regular
form, by rapid utterance or poetical contraction : the laft plia-
ble ed is often joined with the former by fuppreffionof ^ ; as lov^d
for loved ; after c, cb,fh,f, k, x, and after the confonantsy", th,
when more ftrongly pronounced, and fometimes after m, n, r, if
preceded by a fhort vowel, / is ufed in pronunciation, but very
feldom in writing, rather than d ; as plac't, fnatch't,fjh^t, vjak't,
dvL-eV t , fmel' t ; (or plac'd,/aatch'd,fljh'd, ivak'd, dwel'dffriel'd i
or placed, fnatched,fl/hed, vjaked, divelled , fmelled,

Thofe words which terminate in / or//, or p, m^ke their pre-
terite in /, even in folemn language ; as crept, felt, divelt,
fometimes after *■, ed is changed into /, as vext ; this is not con-
ftant.

A long vowel is often changed into- a Ihort one ; thus, kept,
flept, vjept, crept, f-wept ; from the verbs, to keep, Xajleep, to vieep,
to creep, Xo/iueep.

Where </ or / go before, the additional letter d or /, in thii
contrafted form, coalefce into one letter with the radical d ox t ;
if/ were the radical, they coalefce into / ; but if a' were the ra>
dical, then into d or t, as the one or the other letter may be
more eafily pronounced : as read, kd,fpread, fhed, fhred, bid, hid,
chid, fed, bled, bred,fped,f}rid,Jlid, rid; from the verbs to read,
to lead, tofpread, to Jhed, to /bread, to bid, to hide, to chide, to'
feed, to bleed, to breed, tofpeed, to firide, to flide, to ride. And
thus, caft, hurt, coft, bitrji, eat, beat, fvjeet. Jit, quit, fmit, ivri',
bit, hit, met, jhot ; from the verbs to cafi, to hurt, to ccfl, to
burfi, to eat, to beat, to f-weat, to fit, to quit, to fmite, to vjrite,
to bite, to hit, to meet, to fhoot. And in like manner, lent, fent,
rent, girt ; from the verbs to lend, to fend, to rend, to gird.

The participle preterite or pafTive is often formed in en, in-
ftead of ed ; as been, taken, given, flain, knovjn ; from the verbs
lobe, to take, to give, to flay, to know.

Many words have two or more participles, as not only vuritten,
bitten, eaten, beaten, hidden, chidden, fhotten, chofen, broken ; but
likewife imit, hit, eat, beat, hid, chid, fhot, chofe, broke, arc pro-
mifcuoufly ufed in the participle, from the verbs to vurite, to
bite, to eat, to beat, to hide, to chide, to fhoot, to cboofe, to break,
and many fuch like.

In the fame manneryoTt;^, fhevjn, hevin, movin, loaden, laden,
as well a.sfoiv'd, fhevi'd, hevj'd, moiv'd, loaded, laded, from the
verbs to yoTLu, to fhevi, to hevi, to movj, to load, or lade.

Concerning theie double participles it is difficult to give any
rule ; but he ftiall feldom err who remembers, that when a verb

I has a participle diftinft from its preterite, as tf:riu, ivrote, ivrit-
len, that diftindt participle is more proper and elegaat, as Tite
h iook

A GRAMMAR OF THE

ie*i is written, is better th»n Tin book is wrote. UWoie however
may be oled in poetry ; at lead if we allow any authority to
poets, who, in the exultation of genius, think therafclves perhaps
entitled to trample on grammarians.

There are other anomalies in the preterite.

1. Win, /fin, begin, Jnuim, ftriitt, ftick, ft'ig, fling, fling, ring,
nuring, I'friiig, J'lving, drink. Jink, Jhrink, ftink, come, run,fiitd^
hind, grind, tuind, both in the preterite, imperfeft, and partici-
ple palfive, give -iich, /pun, begun, Jivum, flruck, ftuck, Jung,
flung, flung, rung, iorung,/prung,/'Wiing, drunk,J'unk, Jhrunk, flunk,

camt, run,fouhd, bound, ground, ivound. And moft of them are
alfo formed in the preterite by a, as began, rang, Jang, fprang,
drank, came, nh, and fome others ; but moft of thefe are now
obfolete. Some in the participle paflive likewife take en, as
J}ricken,flrucken, drunken, boundtn.

2. Fight, teach, reach, Jeek, hejeech, catch, buy, bring, think,
rtvork, make fought, taught, raught, Jought, bejoughl, caught,
bought, brought, thought, 'wrought.

But a great many of thefe retain likewife the regular form,
as teached, reached, bejeeched, catcbed, tvorked.

ak,

3. Take, jhake, forjake, luake, axvake, fland, break, Jp.
hear , fljear ,JiMear , tear, t.\iear,iuea've, cleave, flrive, thri-ve, drii/e,
Jhine, rije, arije, Jmile, ivrite, bide, abide, ride, cbooje, chuje,
tread, get, beget, forget, feethe, make in both preterite and partici-
ple tookr Jhook, forjook, ■woke, awoke , flood , broke, Jpoke, bore,Jhorc,

Jwore, tore, 'wore, 'wo've, clove, flrove, thro<ve, dro've, Jhone, rofe,
aroJe,Jmote, lurote, bode, abode, rode, choje, trode, got, begot, for-
got, Jod. But we fay likewife, thri-ve, riJe, Jmit, ivrit, nbid,
rid. In the preterite fome are likewife formed by a, as brake,
/pake, bare, Jhare, /-ware, tare, 'ware, clave, gat, begat, forgat,<
and perhaps fome others, bit more rarely. In the participle
paflive many of them are formed by en, as taken, /haken, J'or-
Jaken, broken, Jpoken, born, Jhorn, J'worn, torn, 'worn, 'wo'ven,
flo'ven, thri'ven, driven, rifen, fmitten, ridden, chojen, troddat, got-
ten, begotten, forgotten, fodden. And many do likewife retain
the analogy in both, as 'waked, a'waked, /beared, txiectved, lea-ved,
abided, feet bed.

4. Gi've, bid, fit, make in the preterite ga've, bade, fate; in
the participle paflive, giijen, bidden, fitten ; but in both lid.

5. Dravj, ino'w, gro'w, throtv, bloiu, croi.u like a cock, fly,
Jlay, Jee, ly, make their preterite dre'w, kne'w, greiv, threvo,

hienu, crevi, flc'w, fle'v>,Ja'w, lay; their participles paflive by »,
dra'wn, knovjn, gro'wn, thro'wn, blovjn, flotvn, flain, Jeen, lien,
lain. Yet from flee is made fled; from go, -went, from the old
nxiend, the participle is gotie.

Of Derivation.

Th»( the Engli(h language may b« more eafily underftnod, it is ntccflary to
encjuire how its derivative words are deduct from their primitives, and how the
primitives are borrowed from other languages. In this enquiry I fhall fome-
times copy Dr. Wallis, and f«mctimes endeavour to fupply his dei'"efts, and rec-
tify his errouts.

Nouns are derived from verbs.

The thing implied in the verb, as done or produced, is com-
monly either the prefent of the verb; as tolove, /e-uf ; to fright,
^fright; to fight, 3i.flght; or the preterite of the verb, as, to
flrike, I ftrick or ftrook, zflroke. ,

The aftion is the fame with the participle prefent, as loving,
frighting, fighting, flriking.

The agent, or perfon afting, is denoted by the fyllable er
added t« the verb, as lo'vcr, fighter, flriker.

Subllantives, adjeftives, and fometimes other parts of fpeech,
are changed into verbs : in which cafe the vowel is often
kngthened, or the confonant foftened ; as a houfe, to houfe ;
brafs, to braze; glafs, to glaze; grzis, to graze ; price, to prize ;
breath, to breathe; a filh, to fi/h ; oil, to oil; further, to fur-
ther ; forward, to forward ; hinder, to hinder.

Sometimes the termination en is added, efpecially to ad-

jc£lives J 34 hafte, t» iaflen ; length, to lengthtn ; Jtrength, to

' I

ftrengthen ; (hort, to flporten ; faft, t§ fsflen j white, te •wbiien p
black, to blacken; hard, to harden ; foft, to /often.

From fubftantives are formed adjeilives of plenty, by adding
the termination y; as a loufe, lou/y ; wealth, 'wealthy ; healths
healthy ; might, mighty ; worth, 'worthy ; wit, 'witty ; luft, lufly ;
water, luatery ; earth, earthy ; wood, a wood, 'woody ; air, airy j
a heart, hearty ; a hand, handy.

From fubltantives are formed adjeftives of plenty, by adding
the termination />//, denoting abundance; as }oy, Joyful ; fruit,
fruitj'ul ; youth, youthful; care, careful; ufe, uj'efuh, delight^
deligbtj'ul; p\twVj , plentiful ; he\p, he/pfut.

Sometimes, in almoft the fame fenie, but with fome kind of
diminution thereof, the termin.ition fome is added, denoting
/oinetbing, or in/ome degree, ; as delight, delight/ome; game, game"
/ome; irk, irkj'ome ; burden, burdenjomei trouble, troublesome i
light, lightjome ; hand, handjome ; alone, lone/ome ; toil, tailjomt.
On the contrary, the termination le/s added to fubltantives,
makes adjectives fignifying want; as ivorthle/s, ivitlefj, heart'
le s, joyleji, careUfs, helflefu Thus comfort, ccmfortlefs ; fap,
faple/s.

Privation or contrariety is very often denoted by the par-
ticle «« prefixed to many adjedtives, or in before words derived
from the Latin ; as pleafant, unpleafant ; Wife, univife ; profit-
able, unprofitable ; patient, impatient. Thus unworthy, unhealthy,,
unfruitful, unufeful, and many more.

The original Englifh privative is un; but as we often borrow from the Latin,
or its defendants, words already fignifying privation, as mtffcac'avs, ttnf'aut^
mi't/rcet, the inleparable particles un and in have fallen into confufion, froia
which it is not cafy to dilentangle them.

Un is prefixed to all words "orginally EngUih ; as untrue, untruth, uniaugbtt
unkandfome.

Un is prefixed to all participles made privative adjcftives, as unfeeling, uruijpjt-
ing, unaided, unddigbud, unendeared.

Un ought never to be prefixed to a participle prefent, to mark a forbearance of
aftion, as unjighing ; but a privation oi habit, as unpitying.

Un is prefixed to moft fubftantives which have an Engliih termination, as un-
fertilcneji^ unpcr/e&nefi, which, if they have borrowed terminations, take in or iw,
as infertility, inpir/e^fion ; uncivil, incivility ; una^ivc, incBl-vity.

In borrowing adjedtives, if we receive them already compounded, it is ufual
tojrctoin the partich prefixed, as indecent, inelegatt, impnJKr; but if we borrow
the adjcftive, and add the privative particle, w,; commonly prefix un, as unfdite,
ungaltant.

The prepofitive particles dit and mis, derived from the det
and mes of the French, fignify almoft the fame as un ; yet dis
rather imports contrariety than privation, fince it anfwers to
the Latin prepofition de. Mis inCnuates fome error, and for
the moft part may be rendered by the Latin words male or fer-
peram. To like, to diflike ; honour, di/honour ; to honour, to
grace, to di/honour, to di/graei; to deign, to di/deign; chance,
hap, mi/chance, mipap ; to take, to miflake ; deed, mi/deed ;
to ufe, to tHifufe ; to employ, to mifemploy ; to apply, to mij-
apply.

Words derived from Latin written with de or dis retain the
fame fignification ; as diflingui/h, diftinguo ; detraS, detraho j
de/ame, defamo ; detain, detineo.

The termination ly added to fubftantives, and fometimes to
adjedives, forms adjeftives that import fome kind of fimilitudc
or agreement, being formed by contraftion of lick or like.

A giant, giantly , giantlike ; earth, earthly ; heaven, beavtiilyi
\vot\6., ivorldly ; God, godly; good, goodly..

The fame termination ly added to adjeftives, forms adverb*
of like fignification ; as beautiful* beautifully ; fweet, fweetly ;
that is, in a beautiful manner ; 'with fome degree ofjhveetnejs.

The termination ijh added to adjeftives, imports diminution;
and added to fubftantives, imports fimilitude or tendency to a
charader; as green, greeni/h ; white, 'whiti/h ; ioit, fofti/h; a
thief, thievi/h; a wolf, •wol'viflj; a child, childi/h.

We have forms of diminutives in fubftantives, thotigh not
frequent; as a hill, a hillock; a cock, a cockrtl; a pike, a
pickrel; this is a French termination: a goofe, a gofiing; this
is a German rfrmination : a lamb, a lambkin ; a chick, a chicken ;
a man, a manikin ; a pipe, a pipkin \ and thus Halkin, whence the
patroniniick, Havikini; Wilkin, Thomkin, and others.

Yet

ENGLISH TONGUE.

Yet ftUl there h »not1>«r fcrm of diminution among the Englilh, by leflening
tJw found itfelf, efpecially of vowels ; as there is a form of augmenting them
by eolargingi or even lengthening it} and that fumetimcs not fo much by
thange of the letters, as o? their pronunciation ; as fuf, Jif, jmf, Jif, fiffit,
where, bolides the extenuation of the vowel, there is added tlie French termina-
tion ft ; tif, up; ffit, Jfoui; hebt, baby ; baby, (iitaic, great pronounced long,
efpecially if with a llroDgcr found, grta-t ; /;Vf/f pronounced long, /«.?/; j ling,
tang, long, imports a fuccelHon of fmaller and then greater founds; and fo in
jinglifjangU, tingle, tangle, am^ many other made words.

Much however if this ii arbitrary and fanciful, Aefcr.d'tng •wltlly on eral ut-
terance, and thcrifort fcarcely lucrihy the notice of ffallis,

Of concrete adjeftives are made abllraft fubftantives, by add-
ing the termination tir/t, and a few in booc/ or btacf, noting
charafter or qualities ; as white, luhitenefs ; hard, harcinefs ;
great, greatnefs ; flcilful, Jkilfulnefs , unjiilfuliiefs ; godhead, man-
hood, maidenhead, luidetvbood, knighthood, priejihood, likelihood,
faljehood.

There are other abftrafts, partly derived from adjeftives, and
partly from verbs, which are formed by the addition of the ter-
mination th, a fmall change being fometimes made ; as long,
\ length; Arong, _firength.; broad, breadth; wide, ixidth ; deep,
depth; true, truth; v/3.rm, luarmth ; desLr , dearth ; How, fleavth ;
merry, mirth ; heal, health; well, weal, ivealth; dry, drtughth ;
yoaag, jcuth; 3.nd {o moon, month.

Like thefe are forae words derived from verbs ; die, death ;
till, tilth ; grow, groimh ; mow, later tnoicth, after niovj'th ;
commonly fpoken and written later math, after math ; (leal,
Jiealth ; bear, birth ; rue, ruth ; and probably earth from to
ear ot plonu; &y,J!ighti weigh, -wei^t ; flay, /right; to draw,
draught.

Tbcfc ^uld rather be written Jligbti, frighih, only that cuftom wiU no'
fuffer i> to be twice repeated.

The fame form retain faith, (fight, v/retlbe, wraib, troth, froth, breath,
J'xth, worth, light, ivigbi, and the like, whofe primitives are either entirely
obfoletc, or feldom occur. Perhaps they arc derived inta fey 0'fy,Jfy, v)ry,
wreak, brew, m9U3,fry, bray, jay, vtcri*

Some ending in Jbip imply an office, employment, or con-
dition ; as kingjhif, luardjhip, guardianfbip, partiurjhip , fieivard-
Jhif, headfhip, lordjhip.

TTios wtrfi'ip, that is, vmtbpif ; whence vmjtiffu!, and to ten-jhif.

Some few ending in dom, rick, •wick, do efpecially denote
dominion, at leaft ftate or condition ; as kingdom, dukedom,
earldom, princedom, popedom, chriflendom, freedom, ivifdom, 'whore-
dom, bijhoprick, hailyiuick.

Ment and age are plainly French terminations, and are of
the (ame import with us as among them, fcarcely ever occur-
ring, except in words derived from the French, as command-
ment, u/age.

There are in Englifli often long train) of words allied by their meaning and
derivation } as f^ iw/, a bat, balcin, a battle, a beetle, a battle-door, id batter,
batter, a kind of glutinous compofition for food, made by beating different bo-
dies into one mal's. All thefe are of fimilar flgnification, and perhaps derived
from the Latin latui:. Thus take, imh, tickle, tack, tackle ; all imply a local
conjunSlofl, from the Latin tango, teiigi, taflum.

From izi'o are formed tivain, twice, twenty, twelme, twins, twine, twill, tivirl,
fwig, twit,B, twinge, between, betwixt, twilight, twibil.

The following remarks, extraQci from Wallis, an ingenious, but of more
fnktlety than folidity, and fuch as perhaps might in every language be enlarged
without end.

Sn ufually imply the n<jft, and what relates to it. From the Latin nafu,
ire deriwd the French mn and the Englilh mfe ; and ne/fe, a promontory, ai
proj-.lir. • like a nnfc. But as if from the cunlonants ai taken from ma/us,
an<i tri-iMfcd, that they may the better correfpond, /« denote nafui ; ini
tlitnrc arc d'a'ived many words that relate to the nofe, as fnout, fneeze, fnore,
fm-r, freer, Jmckir, jm*, Jneyil, fnke, huf, Jnuffle, fmifflc, Jnarle, f nudge.

There is another fn, which may perhaps be derived from the Latin Jinu}, as
fiuif, fneak, fnail, fnare ; (b likewife fnaf and /natch, /nib, /nub.

Bl imply a bh/} ; as A.'«ti, blafl, t(, bhji, to blight, and, metaphorically, to
Halt ones reputation ; bitat, bleak, a bleak place, to look bleak or wcather-
beatrn, bitak, thy, bleach, blufier, blurt, blijier, blab, bladder, bleb, bitfier, blab-
b-r-lit-t, blahh'r-chrtft, bl-jttd, bhte-herring!, blaji, blaM, ttblnu, that is, bh/.
/on, ilo'.m i jnd prrhap, hlood and blu/h.

ia '.he nauvc worJ^ of vur wngue is to bt fwnJ a great agreement between

the letters and the things fignified ; and therefore the founds t>f letters fmjller,
(harper, louder, clofer, fofter, ftronger, clearer, n>nre obfcurc, and more ftridu'
lotts, do very often intimate the like effefls in the things fjgnihed.

Thus words that begin with fr intimate the force and cffeft of the thinj
lignified, as if probably derived from rjiwu/xi, orftrenuus; a jlrong, firergth^
Jtrew, jirike, flreah, jirote, flrife, /frive, /irif:, ftruggle, /irout, /Irut, firetch,
Jirait,firiB, ftreight, that is, narrow, di/fraiti, fircfi, Jiflrt/t, jlring, flraf, Jlream,
jireamer, /irand, /Irip, fray, jiruggle, frangc, /Iride, ftraddte.

St in like manner imply Itrength, but in a lefj degree, fo much only as is

fufficient to preferve what has been already communicated, rather than acquire

any new degree } a» if it were derived from the Latin y?o •• for ixitnyk, /land, Jlay,

chat is, to remain, or to prop; flaff, jlay, that is, to oppnk ; fnp, to fluff,

jl'fie, to /lay, that is, to flop; a flay, that is, an oh^zeXt:; flick, flut, flutter,

jiammer, flaggcr, flickh, flick, flake, a ftiarp pale, and any thing depofited

at play ; /lock, flem, fling, to fling, flink, flitch, flud, j>,anchion, flub, ftubbU, t»

flub up, flump, vihenctflumble, flalk, to flalk,flep, toflnr'f with the feet, whence

to flamp, that is, to make an impreifion and ^ iiamp ; flov:, to floiu, to bcfltrzv,

fleward or floward, /had, fleady, flcadfafl, flahle, a flable, a flail, to flail, flool,

flail, flill, ftall, flallagc, flail, fiagc, fiiU adj. and fill adv. flak, flout, flmdy,

fleed, fleet, flalli'n, fliff, flark-dcad, to flarvc with hunger or cold ; ftore, ftcel,

flem, fiancb, to Jianch blood, to flare, flctp, flecple, /iair,fliindard, a ftated mea-

'(are, flately. In ail thefe, and pcihapsi fome others, yi denote fomethirg £iia

and fixed.

Ter imply a more violent degree of motion, at ibrow, thnfi, throng, throb,
through, threat, threaten, ttrall, thnwi,

Wr imply fomc fi>rt of obliquity or dlftortion, as wry, to vjrcatie, wrejt,
tvrc/ik, lurhtg, wrong, wrinch, ivrench, wrangle, turinkle, wrath, wreak, xvrack,
W'ltcb, •wr/t, wrap.

Sto impiy a filent agitation, or a fofter kiru}. of lateral motion ; as /way,
/wag, to /way, /wagg^r, /wcrve, jnueat, /weep, jwHI, /wim, /wing, /wift , /weet,
Jiviich, Jivir.ge.

Nor is there much djfterence of /« in fmootb, fmug, /mile, /mirk, /mite, which
fignifies the fame as to flrike, but is a fofter word ; Jmall, /mcll, /mack.Jmcihcr,
Jmari, a /mart blow properly fignilie^ futh a kind of llroke as with an originally
filcnt motion, implied in /m, proceeds to »qulck violence, denoted by ar fud-
denly ended, as is (hewn by t.

CI denote a kind of adliefion or tenacity, as in cleave, clay, cling, climb,
clamber, clammy, cla/p, to cla//>, to clip, to clinch, cloak, clog, clo/e, to clo/e, a clod,
a clot, as a clot of blood, chuied cream, ercluitit, a elufler.

Sp imply a kind of diHipation or expanfion, efpecially a quick one, particii-
lariy if tliere be an r, aa if it were from fparpo, or /iparo t for example, /prcad,
f^ffg' jfig, /prout, Jprinkle, /plit, /plinter, /pill, /pit, /putter, /patter.

SI denote a kind of filent fall, or a lefs obfervablc motion ; as in Jlime, Jlidtt
flip, flipper, fly, Jleight, fl:t, flow, flack, flight, fling, flap.

And fo likcwife ajh, in cra/h, ra/b, gap, flalh, cla/h, lejh, fla/h, pla/h, trap,
indicate fonicthing adjing more nimbly and (harply. But u]h, in eru/h, rujh,
gujh, fiujb, blu/h, briifi, hu/b, pup, implies fumething as afling more obtufely
and duily. Yet in bjtli tlierc is indicated a fwlft and fudden motion, not in-
Ihntajicous, but gradual, by the continued foundyS.

Thus in fling, fling, ding, /wing, cling, f.ng, wring, fling, the tingling of
the termination ng, and the tliarpnefs of the vowel j, imply the continuation of
a very ilendcr motion or tremor, at length indeed saniOiing, but not fuddenly
interrupted. But in tir.k, wink, Jink, clink, chink, think, that end in a mute
confonant, there is alfo indicated a fudden ending.

It there be an /, as in jingle, tingle, tinkle, mingle, /prinkle, twinkle, there is
implied a frequency, or iteration of fmall adli. And the fame frequency of a£ls,
hut lefs fubtile by rcafon of the clearer vowel a, is indicated in jangle, tangle,
j'pangle, mangle, tvrangle, brangle, dangle ; as alfo in mumble, grumble, jumble,
tumhlt, flun<hU, rumble, crumble, fumble. But at the fame time the clofc u im-
plies fometliing obfcure or obtunded ; and a congeries of confonants rnbl, dcnotei
a confufed kind of rolling or tumbling, as in ramble, /camble, /cramble, wamble,
amhle ; but in thefe there is fomcthing acute.

In nimble, the acutcnels of the vowel denotes celerity. In /parkle, /p denotes
dilTipatioii, ar an acute crackling, k a fudden interruption, /a frequent iteration j
and in like manner in /prinkle, unlefs in may impiy the fubtility of the diffi.
pated guttulcs. Thick and thin differ, in tliat the former ends with an obtufc
confonant, and the latter with an acute.

In like manner, m/jucck, /jueak,/qucal, /quail, braul, wraul,yaul,/paul, /creek,
/hriei, prill, parp, privel, wrinkle, crack, crafl->, clap, gnap, pla/h, crup, hup,
l"Jp, fijjc, whifl, J'ft, jarr, hurl, curl, whirl, buz:, buflic, /pindle, dwindle, twine,
iwfl, and in many more, we may obfcrvc the agvcemcnt of fuch fort of founds
with the things fignified : and this fo freijuently happens, that fcarce /ny language
which 1 know can be compared viith ours. So that one monofyllabic word, of
which kind are almoft all ours, emphatically expreffes what in other language*
can fcarce be explained but by compounds, or decompounds, or fometimes a
tedious circumlocution.

We have many words borrowed from the Latin ; but the
greateft part of them were communicated by the intervention
of the French ; as grace, face, elegant, elegance, re/emble.

Some verbs, which feem borrowed from the Latin, are form*
ed from the prefent tenfe, and fome from the fiipines.

From the prefent are formed fpend, expend, expendo ; conJuce»
conduce ; defpi/e, defpicio ; approve, approbo ; conitiw, con-
cipio.

h 2 from

A GRAMMAR OF THE

From the Cv^Ims, /npfJicatt, fupplico ; dtmtnftraie, demonftro ;
Jiff oft, difpono ; ixpatiaie, expatior ; /upprefs, fupprimo ; exempt,
cximo.

Nothing It more apparent, than diatWallis goo too far in quell of originals.
Many of tbefe which fcem felejted as immediate defcendanta from the Latin,
are appirentl; Ficnch, as conceive, affrtmt, exfofi, txcmft.

Some words purely French, not derived from the Latin, we
have transferred into our language ; as garden, garter, buckler, to
aJi'ttttce, to cry, to plead, from the French, Jardin,jartier, bouclier,
A-vancer, crier, plaider ; though indeed, even of thefe, part is of
Latin original.

As to many words which we have in common with the Germans, it is doubt-
flU whether the old Teutons borrowed them from the Latins, or the Latins
ftom the Teutons, or both had tlicm from fome common original ; as v)'tnt,
vinum ; ixi'md, vcntus ; wf»f, veni ; icay, via ; •tvall, vallum ; ivalkia, volvo ;
tinol, vtilus ; lu'xll, volo ; imrm, vermis { ■u'tirtb, virtus ; waff, vefpa ; Jay,
dies; Sravt, traho ; tame, domo, i'(t/>caar; yoke, jugum, ^fDy*?; over, upper,
fuper, iir«; ; am, fum, Hfju ; ireji, frango ; fy, volo j ilc^v, flo. I make no
doubt but the Teutonick is more ancient than the Latin; and it is no leff
certain, that the Latin, which borrowed a great number of words, not only
from the Greek, efpccially the ^olick, but from other neighbouring languages,
a) the ©fcan and others, which have long become ohfolete, received not a few
from the Teutonick. It is certain, that the EngliOi, German, and other Teu-
tonick languages, retained fome derived from the Greek, which the Latin has
not ; as ex, aebs, mit, ford, pfurd, daughter, tocbter, mick/e, mingle, moon,
fear, grave, gra^, to grave, tojcrape, vjbole, from i^irn, /j^ira, ma^ixo^, ^yyar^f ,
utyaXo^, fxiyfCv, fMr,m, ^^^ii, y^a'^ai, cXof. Since they received thefc immediate-
ly from the Greeks, without the intervention of the Latin language, why may
not other words be derived immediately from the fame fountain, though they be
likcwife found among the Latins ?

Our anceftors were ftudious to form borrowed words, however
long, into monofyllables ; and not only cut off the formative
terminations, but cropped the firll fyllable, efpecially in words
beginning with a vowel ; and rejefted not only vowels in the
middle, but likewife confonants of a weaker found, retaining the
Wronger, which feem the bones of words, or changing them for
others of the fame organ, in order that the found might become
the fofter ; but efpecially tranfpofing their order, that they might
the more readily be pronounced without the intermediate vowels.
For example, in expendo, _/5>Ma' ; txemp]um, /ample ; excipio,
/cape ; extraneus, grange ; extraftum, ^retch'd ; excrucio, to
/creiv i exfcorio, to/our ; excorio, to/courge ; excortico, to /cratch ;
and others beginning with ^jr .• as alfo, emendo, to mend; epif-
copus, hipop ; in Danifh, hi/p\ epillola, epi/ile; hofpitale, /fit-
tie J Hifpania, Spain ; hiiloria,y?(7ry.

Many of thefe etymologies are doubtful, and fame evidently miftaken.

The following are fomewhat harder, Alexarier, Sander ; Elifabeiha, Betty ;
apis, hee\ aper, bar\ p paOing into h, as in bijhop ; and by cutting off a from
the beginning, which is reftored in the middle : but for the old bar or hare,
We now fay hoar ; as for lartg, long ; for bain, bane ; for fiane, flcne ; aprugna,
braton, p being changed into b, and a tranfpnfed, as in afer, and g changed
intow, as in pignus, paton ; lege, latu ; iXoirnJ, fox; cutting off me begin-
ning, and changing/! into f, as in pellis, a fell; pullus, a foal; pater, father;
pavor,y<ar ; polio, jf/V; pIco, impleo, _^//, /a//; pifcis, ^i ; and tranfpofing o
into the middle, which was taken from the beginning; apex, apiece; peak,
pike; zofhoia$, freeze; muftum, JIum; defenfio, fence; difpenfator, fpencer ;
afculto, efcouter, Fr. fcout ; exfcalpo, /(rape, redoring / indead of r, and hence
fhap, fcrahle, Icrawl; exculpo, /coop ; exterrltus, Jlart ; extonitus, attonitus,
fitnn'd; ftomachus, maw; o&etiio, fined ; obftipo, y7o)> ; audere, dare; cavere,
xvare; whenrc a-iuare, he-tvare, ivary, ivarn, warning, for the Latin .1/ con -
fonant formeilv founded like our w, and the modern found of the v confonant
was formerly that of the letter y, that is, the i^o'.ick digamma, which had the
found of ^, and the modern found of the letter /"was that of the Greek ip or pb ;
ulcus, ulcere, ulcer^ fre, and hence ferry, jorrotv, jorrovjful; ingenium, engine,
gin; fcalenus, leaning, unlrfs you w.juld rather derive it from xXivv, v.-hence in-
clino ; infundibulum, funnel ; gagate:, jctt ; projeilum, to jctt forth, a jetty ;
cucullus, a civil.

There are fyncopes fomewhat harder; from tempore, time; from nomine,
Tame ; domina, eLtme ; as the French b-.mme, femme, r.om, fromlipminc, fceraina,
nomine. Thua pagina, page ; «roTn{im, pot ; tamtWa., cup ; cantharus, can ;
tentorium, lint ; precor, pray ; prxda, prey ; fpecio, fpeculor, Jpy ; plico, ply ;
implico, im^/y ; replico, rrf« ; complico, rom/i/y ; fedes epifcopalis,^v.

■ A vowel is alfo cut off in the middle, that the number of the fyllable?
may be leffened ; ai aroita, aunt; fpiritus, ^ri^i/ ; dcbitum, debt; dubito,
tUnbt ; com^5, comitis, count ; ckticus, clerk ; quietus, ^uit, quite ; acquieto,
(» Mf^t; feparo, r« Jp<irt\ &al>ilis> ^uiU; lUbuluni; Jiable j fa^atiym^ pp-

lace, place ; rabula, rail ; rnel, viraul, Irawf, raile, Irthh \ l]UiefitiO(

queft.

At alfo a confonant, or at lead one of 1 fofter found, or even a whole fyl-
lable ; rotundus, round; fragilis, /rai/ ; fecurus, /vn ; regula, rule; tegula,
tile ; fubtilis, futtle ; nomen, noun ; decanus, dean ; computo, rntiir ; fubita-
ncui, fuddain, foon ; fuperare, tofoar; periculum, ^^i/; mirabile, marvel; as
magnus, mo/R ; dignor, <fW^ii ; Xingo, JIain; tin3um, /.linr ; pingo, ^o>»; prx-
dari, reach,

The contraftions may feem harder, where many of them meet, as xit^ioju;,
kyrk, church; prejbyter, frir/? ; facrillanus,y<x.'cn; frango, fregi, irrj>, irraii j
fagus, ^vya, beech ; f changed into b, and g into cb, which are letters near
a-kin; frigefco,yr«ai£; Wigeko, frefh, fc \n«> p, slz TAioyt in hifbcp, fijh, fo in
fcapha,^iy,yl(^, and refrigefco, refrejh ; butvirefcOj/r^; phlcbotomusjj^rain ;
bovina, huf; vitulina, vtal; fcutifer, fjuire ; pcenitentia, penance; fandtua-
rium, fanHuary, fentry ; qusfitio, chafe; perquifitio, purchaje; anguilla, «/;
Jnfula, ijle. He, iflar.d, i'anJ ; infuletta, iflet, u'el ; eyght ; and more contrafledly
ey, whence Ovijney, Ruhy, Ely ; ciaminare, to fan, namely, by rejeiling from
the beginning and end t and 0, accord'mg CO the ufual manner, the remainder
xamin, which tlie Saxons, who did not ufe *, write cfamen, or fcamen, is con-
tracted into yr an ; as from dominus, don; nomine, noun; Ahomlno, ban ; and
indeed apum cxamen they turned into fciame ; for which we fay ftvjrme, by
inferting r to denote the murmuring ; thefaurus, fiore ; fedile, fiuol ; w'o;,
•uiet ; fudo, fweat ; gaudium, gay ; jocus, joy ; fuccus, juice ; catena, chain j
caliga, calga ; chaufe, chaulTe, Fr. hcfi ; extinguo, ftancb, fquencb, fucnchf
ftint; (otii, forth; {fCcXts, fpice ; recito, read; adjuvo, aid; a\vi, a;vum, erff
age, ever ; noccus, lock ; excerpo, fcrape, fcrahbU, fcratul ; extravagus, flray,
ftraggle; c.o\\t&\itn, clot, clutch; cnlligo, coil; recoUigo, recoil; feveio, fivear ;
iWduluSj^ri//; procurator, ^roxy ; pulfo, ro /i»/!!> ; calamus, a quill; impetere,
to impeach; augeo, auxi, tv<ix; and vanefco, vanui, TJane ; fyllabare, tofpelli
puteus, ^ir; granum, ccrn ; compritno, cramp, crump, crumple, crinkle.

Some may feem harOier, yet may not be reje^ed, for it at lead appears,
that fome of them are derived from proper names, and there are others whofe
etymology is acknowledged by every body ; as Alexander, Elick, Scanjer, San-
der, Sanny, Sandy; Eiizabetha, Eiixabeth, Elifaheth, Betty, Befi; Margareta,
Margaret, Margct, Meg, Peg ; Maria, Mary, Mai, Pal, Malkin, Mawkin,
Matokcs; Matthaeus, Mattlu, Ma'tbew ; Martha, Matt, Pat; Gulielmus,
IVilhelmus, Cirolamo, Guillaume, miliam, fVitl, Bill, fTiUm, HHcken, fTicki,
fTeeh.

Thus cariophyllus, flos ; gerofilo, leal, giriflee, gilofer, Fr. gillifiovter, \vhich
the vulgar call julyfloiuer, as if derived from the month July ; petrofclinum,
parjley; portulaca, ^wr/Jjm ;cydonium, quince; cydoniatum, quiddeny ; perfi-
cum, peach ; cruca, eruke, which they corrupt to ear-viig, as if it took its
name from the ear ; annulus geminus, a gimmal, or gimbal ring ; and thus the
word gimbal and jumbal is transferred to other things thus interwoven ; quelques
chofes, kickfbaivi. Since the origin of thefe, and many others, however forced,
is evident, it ought to appear no wonder to any one if the ancients have thus
disfigured many, efpecially as they fo much affefted monofyllables ; and, to
make them found the fofter, took this liberty of maiming, taking away, chang-
ing, tranfpofing, and foftening them.

But while we derive thefe from the Latin, I do not mean to fay, that many
of them did not immediately 'come to us from the Saxon, DanUh, Dutch, and
Teutonick languages, and other dialedls, and fome taken more lately from the
French, or Italians, or Spaniards.

The fame word, according to its different Cgnifications, often has a diflferent
origin; »s to bear a burden, (com fero; but to bear, whence birth, born, bairn,
comes from pario, and a bear, at leaft if it be of Latin original, (com f era,
Thas perch, a fifli, ftomperca; but perch, a meafure, from pertica, and like-
wife ro^frri. To fpett is from Jyllaba ; hut fpell, an inchantmcnt, by which
it is believed that the boundaries are fo fixed in lands, that none can pafs them
againft the mailer's will, from expello ; and fpell, a me(Tenger, from epijlola ;
whence gofpel, good-fpell, or god-Jpell, Thus frcefe, or freexe, from frigejco ;
but /"«««, an architeflonic word, from xophorus; bat freefe, for cloth, from
Frifia, or perhaps from frigefco, as being more fit than any other for keeping out
the cold.

There are many words among us, even monofyllables, compounded of two or
more words, at leaft ferving inftead of compounds, and comprifing the fignifi-
cation of more words than one ; as from fcrip and roll, comes fcrcll ; from froud
and dance, prance ; from ft of the verb Jlay, or Jland and c:a, is made/oar ;
from flout and hardy, flurdy ; from fp of fpit or fpevi, and out, comes fpout j
from the dmn fp, with the termination in, \% fpin; and iii\n%oul,fpin tut ;
and'from the Um&fp, with /'/, is fpit, which only differs ftom fpout m that it
is fmaller, and with lei's noife and force ; but fputter is, becaufe of the obfcure
V, fomething between fpit and (pout ; and by reafon of adding r, it intimates
a frequent iteration and noife, but cbicurely confufed : whereas fpatter, on ac-
count of the (harper and clearer vowel a, intimates a more diftiniS noife, in
whiih it chiefly differs from fputter. From the dmefp, and the termination
ark, comas fpark, fignifying a fingle cmifiion of fire with a noife ; namely, j^
the cniiOion, ar the more acute noife, and k the mute confonant, intimates its
being fuddenly terminated ; but adding /, is made the frequentative fparkle.
The famc_y^, by adding r, that is fpr, implies a more lively impecus of diffufing
or expanding itfclf; to which adding the termination ing, it becomes J^rjn^ ;
its vigour fpr imports, its fiiarpnefs the termination ing; and lalHy in acute and
tremulous, ending in the mute confonant g, denotes, the fudden ending of any
motion, that it is meant in its primary fignificatioo, of a finglr, not a com-
plicated exilition. Hence we call fpring whatever has an elallick force : as
alfo a fountain of water, and thence the origin of any thing ; and to fpring,

to germinate J and fpring, gnc vf Uis fpur f«afoasi Froio ths faroc ^r and

tut,

ENGLISH TON.GUE.

Hit, U formed ffrtul, «nJ with tie termination ig, ffrig ; of which the follow-
ing, for the moft part, is the difference: ffrout, of a groffer found, imports
a fatter or groffer bud ; fprig, of a tenderer found, denotes a fmaller (hoot.
In like manner, from fir of the verb firhic, and out, comes firout 3ni firut.
From the fame fir, and the termination ugg/e, is made firuggle ; and this g
imports, but without any great noife, by reafon of the obfcure found of the
vowel u. In like manner from threw and nil is made troll ; and almoft in
the fame fenfe is trur:J!e, f")m thrciv or ttrufi, and ruitdle. Thus grajf or
grcugb is compounded of grave and rough j and trudge from tread or trot, and

In thefe obfervations it is eafy to difcover great fagacity and
great extravagance, an ability to do much defeated by the de-
fire of doing more than enough. It may be remarked,

1 . That Wallis's derivations are often fo made, that by the
fame licence any language may be deduced from any other.

2. That he makes no diftinftion between words immediately
derived by us from the Latin, and thofe which, being copied from
other languages, can therefore afford no example of tlie genius
of the Englifti language, or its laws of derivation.

3. That he derives from the Latin, often with great harftinefs
and violence, words apparently Teutonick ; and therefore, ac-
cording to his ovyn declaration, probably older than the tongue
to which he refers them.

4. That feme of his derivations are apparently erroneous.

SYNTAX.

The eftabliflied praftice of grammarians requires that I ihould here treat of
the Syntax; but our language has fo little inflexion, or varietj' of termina-
tions, that its conftruflion neither requires nor admits many rules. Wallls
therefore has totally negleded it ; and Jonfon, whofc defire of following the
writers upon the learneJ languages made him think a fycta^ indifpenfably ne-
ceflary, has publiihed fuch petty obfervatioiw ai weic better omitted.

The verb, as in other languages, agrees with the nomina-
tive in number and perfon ; as Ti/eu flUJi from good ; He runt to
death.

Our adjeAives and pronouns are invariable.

Of two fubftantives the noun poffefliye is the genitive ; as
His father's glory. The fun's heat.

verbs tranfitive require an oblique cafe ; as He lovet me ;
You fear him.

All prepofitions require an oblique cafe : He gave this to me ;
He took thii from me ; He fays this of me ; He came with me*

PROSODY.

It is common for thofe that deliver the grammar of modern languages, to
omit their Profody. So that of the Italians is negleded by Suemaitei ; that of
the French by Dejmarais ; and that of the Englifli by fyatlii, Cmfer, and even
by Jivfon, though a poet. But at the laws of metre are included in the idea
of a grammar, I have thought it proper to iafert them.

Profody comprifes orthoepy, or the rules of pronunciation ;
and orthometry, or the laws of verfification.

Pronunciation is juft, when every letter has its proper
found, and when every fyllable has its proper accent, or, which
in Engliih verfification is the fame, its proper quantity.

The founds of the letters have been already explained ; and rules for the ac-
cent or quantity are not eafily to be given, being fubjeft to innumerable excep-
tioos. Such howcTCi a> I have read or formed, I fliall here ptopote.

1. Of difTyllables formed by affixing a termination, the former
fyllable is commonly accented, as chiUiJh, kingdom, aHeJi, atled,
toilfome, lo'ver, fciffer, fairer, f'oremofl, zealous, fulnefs, godly,
meekly, artijl.

2. Diffyllables formed by prefixing a fyllable to the radical
word, have commonly the accent on the latter ; as to beget, to
tefeem, to hefotxi.

3. Of diffyllables, which arc at once nouns and verbs, the
verb haa commonly the accent on the latter; and ths noun on

the former fyllable j as to defcant, a difcam ', to timent, a e^
ment ; to contraB, a contraB,

This rule has many exceptions. Though verbs feldom have their accent ob
the former, yet nouns often have it on the latter fyllable; as, dtUght, ferfume^

4. All diflyllables ending in y, as cranny ; in aur, as labour,
favour ; in oou, as ivillo'w, 'walloiu, except allovj ; in le, as

battle, bible ; in ijh, as banijh ; in ck, as cambrick, caffock ; in
ter, as to batter ; in age, as courage ; in en, as fajien ; in et, as
quiet, accent the former fyllable.

5. DifTyllable nouns in er, as canker, butter, have the accent
on the former fyllable.

6. DifTyllable verbs terminating in a confonant and e final,
as comprije, efcape ; or having a diphthong in tlie laft fyllable,
as appeafe, reveal; or ending in two confonants, as attend, have
the accent on the latter fyllable.

7. DifTyllable nouns having a diphthong in the latter fyllable,
have commonly their accent on the latter fyllable, as applaufe ;
except words in ain, certain, mountain,

8. TrifTyllables formed by adding a termination, or prefixing
a fyllable, retain the accent of the radical word, as lavelinefs,
tendernefs, contemner, iKagonner, phyfical, befpatter, commenting,
commending, ajjurance.

9. TrifTyllables ending in ous, as gracious, arduous ; in al, as
capital ; in ion, as mention, accent the firfl. "1

10. TrifTyllables ending in ce, ent, and ate, accent the firfl
fyllable, as countenance, continence, armament, imminent, elegant,
propagate, except they be derived from words having the accent
on the laft, as connivance, acquaintance ; or the middle fyllable
hath a vowel before two confonants, as promulgate.

1 1. TrifTyllables ending \ny, as entity, fpecify, liberty, vtBory,
fubfidy, commonly accent the firft fyllable.

1 2. TrifTyllables in re or le accent the firfl fyllable, as legible,
theatre ; except difciple, and fome words which have a pofuion,
as example, tpifile,

13. TrifTyllables in ude commonly accent the firfl fyllable, as
plenitude.

1 4. TrifTyllables ending in ator or atour, as creattur ; or hav-
ing in the middle fyllable a diphthong, as endeavour; or 'a
vowel before two confonants, as domeflick, accent the middle
fyllable.

1 5 . TrifTyllables that have their accent on the laft fyllable arc
commonly French, as acquiefce, repartee, magazine ; or words
formed by prefixing one or two fyllables. to an acute fyllable, as
immature, overcharge.

16. Polyfyllables, or words of n»re than three fyllables, fol-
low the accent of the words from which they are derived, as
arrogating, continency , incontinently , commendable, commiinicablenefs .
We fhould therefore fay difputable, indifputable, rather than dif-
putable, indifputable ; and advertifement rather than advertife~-
ment.

17. Words in ion have the accent upon the antepenult, as
falvation, perturbation, concoBion ; words in atour or ator on the

penult, as dedicator.

1 8. Words ending in le commonly have the acceat on the firfl
fyllable, as amicable, unlefs the fecond fyllable have a vowel be-
fore two confonants, as comb'ujlible.

19. Words ending in ous have the accent on the antepenult,
as uxorious, voluptuous.

20. Words ending in ty have their accent on the antepenult,
as pujillanimity, aBivity.

Thefe rules arc not advanced an complete or infallible, but propofcd as ufefiiU
Almoft every rule of every language hns its exceptions ; and in Erjglifh, as in
other tongues, much muft be learned by example and authority. Perhaps more
and better rules may be given that have efcaped my obfervation.

Versification is the arrangement of a certain number of
f}llables according to certain laws.

The feet of our verfes are either iambiek, as al'ofty create ;
or trochaisk* as kHy, lofty.

Our

A GRAMMAR OF THE

Our lambick meaTure comprife* verfes

Oflburfyllables,

Mod good, moil fair.
Or things as rare.
To call you 's loft ;
For all the coft
Words can beftow.
So poorly Ihow
Upon your praifc.
That all the ways
Senfc hath, come ihort.

Of fix.

With ravilh'd ears
7^he monarch hears.

This while we are abroad.
Shall we not touch our lyre ?

Shall we not fing an ode i
Shall that holy fire.

In us that ftrongly glow'd.
In this cold air expire i

Though in the utmoffi Peak

A while we do remain.
Among the mountains bleak,

Expos'd to fleet and r^in,
No fport our hours fliall break.

To exercife our vein. ♦

What though bright Phoebus' beams
Refrelh the fouthern ground.

And though the princely Thames
With beauteous nymphs aboundj

And by old Camber's Itreams
Be many wonders found :

Yet many rivers clear

Here glide in filver fwathes.

And what of all moft dear,
Buxton's delicious baths.

Strong ale and noble chear,

T' affwage breem winter's fcatlies.

In places far or near.

Or famous, or obfcure.
Where wholfom is the air.

Or where the moft impure.
All times, and every where.

The mufe is ilill in ure.

DrajttH.
Drjdtn.

A thoufand crannies in the walls vit made |
Nor gate nor bars exclude the bufy trade.
'Tis built of brafs, the better to diffufe
The fpreading founds, and multiply the news ;
Where echoes in repeated echoes play :
A mart for ever full ; and open night and day.
Nor filence is within, nor voice exprefs.
But a deaf noife of founds that never ceafe ;
Confus'd, and chiding, like the hollow roar
Of tides, receding from th' infulted fliore:
Or like the broken thunder, heard from far.
When Jove to diftance drives the rolling war.
The courts are fill'd with a tumultuous din
Of crowds, or iifuing forth, or ent'ring in :
A thorough-fare of news ; wheie fome devife
Things never heard, fome mingle truth with lies:
The troubled air with empty founds they beat.
Intent to hear, and eager to repeat.

DryJeni

Drayton.

Of eight, which is the ufual meafure for ftiort poems.
And may at laft my weary age
Find out the peaceful hermitage.
The hairy gown, and mofly cell.
Where I may fit, and nightly fpell
Of ev'ry ftar the flcy doth (hew.
And ev'ry herb that fips the dew. Milton.

Gf ten, which is the common meafure of heroick and tragick
poetry.

Full in the midft of this created fpace,

BctwiSct hcav'n, earth, and flties, there Hands a place

Confining on all three ; with triple bound ;

Whence all things, though remote, arc view'd around.

And thither bring their undulating found.

The palace of loud Fame, her feat of pow'r,

Plac'd OD thefummit of a lofty tow'r;

A thoufand winding entries long and wide

lUceive of frefii reports a flowing tide.

^•1

In all thefe meafures the accents are to be placed on even
fyllables ; and every line confidcred by itfelf is more harmo-*
nious, as this rule is more Aridlly obferved. The variations ne-
ceffary to pleafuxe belong to the art of poetry, not the rules of
grammar.

Our trochaick meafures are

Of three fyllables.

Here we may
Think and pray.
Before death
Stops our breath :
Other joys
Are but toys.

Waltotfs Angler.

Of five.

In the days of old.

Stories plainly told.

Lovers felt annoy. Old Ballad.

Of feven,

Faireft piece of well-form'd earth.

Urge not thus your haughty birth. Waller.

In thefe meafures the accent is to be placed on the odd
fyllables.

Thefe are the meifures which are now in ufe, and above the reft thofe of
feven, eight, and ten fyllables. Our ancient poets wrote verfes fomctimet ai
twelve fyllables, as Drayton's Polyolbion,

Of III the Cambrian (hires their heads that bear fo high.
And farth'ft furvey their foils with an ambitious eye,
Mervinia for her hills, as for their matchlefs crowd:i.
The ncareft that are (aid to kifs the wand'ring clouds,
Efpecial audience craves, oflcnded with the tlirong^
That Iheof all the rcll ncgleclcd was fo long;
Alleging for hcrfelf, when through the Saxon's pride.
The godlike race of Brute to Severn's fctting fide
Were cruelly inforc'd, her mountains did relieve
Thofe vvlmm devouring war clfc every where did grieve.
And when all Wales befide (by fortune or by might)
Unto her ancient foe refign'd her ancient right,
A conftant maiden ftill (he only did remain,
The laft her genuine laws which ftoutly did retain.
And as each one is prais'd for her peculfar things.
So only (he is rich in mountains, meres, and fprings ;
And holds hcrfelf as great in her fuperfluous uafte.
As others by their towns and fruitful tillage grac'd.

And of fourteen, as Chapman's Homer.

And as the mind of fuch a man, that hath a long way gone.
And either Icnowcth not his way, or ell'c would let aloac
His purpos'd journey, is diftract.

The meafures of twelve and fourteen fyllables were often mi>gleJ by out
old poets, fomcumcs iu alternate lUcs, and lometimcs ijt altciaatc cuuplcu.
' The

ENGLISH TONGUE.

Th« »erfe »f tvwtre fylUblM, citlci an Altxandrine, it now only ufe4 to
iiiaif-j heroick lines.

Waller was fmooth, but Dr/den taught to joi«

The varying verfc, the full-refounding line,

7hi lung maj'f-ic murcb, and cncr^ Jivine. Pif'

The paufe in the Alcxaajrine m»ft be at the iixth fyllable.

The verfe of fourteen fyllables is now broken into a foft lyrick meafun of
«rfo conliiling alternately of eight fyllables and fix.

fi. i

She to receive thy radiant name»
Selects a whiter fpace.

When all (hall praife, and ev'ry hj

Devote a wreath to thee.
That day, for come it will, that day

Shall I lament to fee.

Beneath t!>i> tnmb an 'infant liet

To earth whofe body lent.
Hereafter (hall more glorious rife.

But not more innocent.
When the Archangel's trump (hall bI•^r»

And fouls to bodies join.
What crowds thall wilb their lives below

Had been as jhort as thine I

Tcnton.

liwit U Ft^'

WcjllJ.

\

We have another roeifure very quick and lively, and therefore much ufcd
in fongj, which may be called the atutftfiick, in which the accent refts upon
every third fyllable.

May I govern my paiTione with ab&Iute f»'ay.

And grow wiiiir and i)cBer as lile wear& away.. Dr. Popi^

!■ this meafure a fyllable is often retrenched from the firft foot, as

Diogenes furly and proud. Dr. Pafu

When prefent we love, and when abfent agrcCj.

I think not of I'ris, nor I'ris of mc. DryJen.

Thefe meafares are varied by many combinations, and fometimes by double
tS(!jngS| either with w without rhyme, as in the heroick meafure^

'Tij the Divinity that ftirs •within ut,

Tis Heav'n itfelf that points out an htritfitrf

And intimates eternity to roan. AUifoiit-

So ra that of eight fyllables,

' They neither added nor confounded.

They neither wanted nor abounded.. Fritit^

In that of (even,

For refiftsnce I could fear none.

But with twenty ihips ha^ dtme.
What thou, brave and happy Vernon»

H«ft atchiev'd with fix alone. Gtmtr,

In that of fix,

'Tv;as when the feas were roaring*

With hollow blafts of wind,
A damfel lay deploring,

AH en a rock reclin'd. <»<jyv

la the aaapeftick,.

When terrible tempefts alTail us.
And mountainous billows affright,.
-^ Nor grandeur or wealth can avail us.

But flciiful induftry fleers right. Bj/W»

To tbefe meofures, and their laws, may be reduced every fjiecles of Sogllfik
verfe. i

Our verfification admits of few licences,, except tsi. fynaloepha^
or elifion of t in the before a vowel,, as r/j' eternal ; and more
rarely of o in to, as r' accept ; and a fyntrrejis, by which two-
fhort vowels coalefce into one fyllable, as quefiion, fpecial \ or a.
word is contrafted by the expulfion, of a Ihort vowel before a li-
quid, as anPrUtr temf'rance..

Thus have I collected rules and examples,. by which the Englifli language
may be learned, if the reader be already acquainted with grammatical terms,
or caught by a mailer to thofe that arc more ignorant. To have written a
grammar for fuch as are not yet initiated ux the I'clwols, would have been te>
diouS) and peilufs at lall iacfitftual*

ADVERTISE-.

ADVERTISEMENT

TO THE

FOURTH EDITION,

MA N Y are the works of human induftry, which to begin and finifli are hardly granted to
the fame man. He that undertakes to compile a Didionary, undertakes that, which, if it
comprehends the full extent of his defign, he knows himfelf unable to perform. Yet his labours,
though deficient, may be ufeful, and with the hope of this inferior praife, he muft incite his a(5tivity,^
and folace his wearincfs.

Perfection is unattainable, but nearer and nearer approaches may be made ; and finding my Dic-
tionary about to be reprinted, I have endeavoured, by a revifal, to make it lefs reprehenfible. I will
not deny that 1 found many parts requiring emendation, and many more capable of improvement.
Many faults I have correfted, fome fuperfluities I have taken away, and fome deficiencies I have
fupplied. I have methodifed fome parts that were difordered, and illuminated fome that were obfcure.
Yet the changes or additions bear a very fmall proportion to the whole. The critick will now have
lefs to objeft, but the ftudent who has bought any of the former copies needs not repent j he will
not, without nice collation, perceive how they differ j and ufefulnels feldom depends upon little
things.

For negligence or deficience, I have perhaps not need of more apology than the nature of the work
will furnifh : I have left that inaccurate which never was made exadt, and that imperfeft which never
was completed.

A D I C-

DICTIONARY

OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

A The firft letter of the European
alphabets, has, in the Englifti
^ language, three different tounds,
which may be termed the broad, open,
and (lender.

The broad found, refembling that of
the German a, is found in many of our
monofyllables, as all. wall, malt, /alt, in
which a is pronounced as au in cau/e, or
aiv in lazv. Many of thefe words were
anciently written with au, as fault,
I'jauli ; which happens to be ftill retained
\r\ fault. This was probably the ancient
found of the Saxons, fmce it is almoft
uniformly preferred in the ruflic pro
nunciation, and the Northern dialefts,
as maun for man, haund for hand.
A open, not unlike the a of the Italians,
is found in father, rather, and more
obfcurely \n fancy, fafi, &c.
A (lender or clofe, is the peculiar a of the
Englifh language, refembling the found
of the French e mafculine, or diphthong
ai in pais, or perhaps a middle found
between them, or between the a and e ;
to this the Arabic a is faid nearly to ap-
proach. Of this found we have exam-
ples in the wor^i, place, face, luajle, and
all thofe that terminate in ation ; as re-
lation, nation, generation.
A is (hort, as, glafs, grafs ; or long, as,
glaze, graze: it is raarlted long, gene-
rally, by an e final, plane, or by an /
added, as plaia. The ihort a is open,
the long a clofe.
1. A, an article fet before nouns of the
fingular number; a man, a tree ; de-
noting the number one, as, a man is
coming, that is, no more than one ; or an
indefinite indication, as, a man may
come this way, that is, any man. This
article has no plural (ignification. Be-
fore a word beginning with a vowel, it
is written an, as, an ox, an egg, of
which a is the contraction.
Vol. I.

2. A, taken materially, or for itfelf, is a
noun ; as, a great A, a little a.

3. A is placed before a participle, or par-
ticipial noun ; and is confidered by
Wallis as a contraction of at, when it
is put before a word denoting fome aftion
not yet finilhed ; ls, I am a walking.
It alio feeras to be anciently contrafted
from at, when pl.-.ced before local fur-
names ; as, Thomas a Becket. In other
cafes, it feems to fignify to, like the
French a.

/i hunting Chloe went. Trkr.

They go a brgging to a bankrupt's door. Dryi!in.

May peace Hill llumbcr by thcfs purling foun-
tains !
Which we may every year
Find when we come a fifliing here. IfDiUn.

Now the men fell a rubbing of armour, which
a great while had lain oiled. IVcticn.

He will knap the fpears a pieces with his teeth.
M-.rc't Antid. Athm.

Another falls a ringing a Pefcennius Niger, and
judicioufly diftinguiihes the found of it to be
modern. AJJifin on Midah.

4. A has a peculiar fignification, denoting
the proportion of one thing to another.
Thus we fay. The landlord hath a hun-
dred a year ; The (hip's crew gained a
thoufand pounds a man.

The river Inn paflcs through a wide open coun-
try, during all its courfe through Bavaria ; which
is a voyage of two days, after the rate of twenty
leagues a day. Addijin on Italy.

5. A is ufed in burlefque poetry, to lengthen
out a fyllable, without adding to the
fenfe.

For cloves and nutmegs to the line-u,
And even for oranges to China. Vryden.

6. A is fometimes, in familiar writings,
put by a barbarous corruption for he;
as, will a come, for will he come.

7. A, in compofition, fecms to have fome-
times the power of the French « in thefe
phrafes, a droit, a gauche, Sic. and iome-
timet to be contracted from at ; as, afde,
uflope, afoot, ajleep, athirjl, aiuare.

ABA

I 'gin to be a viiary of the fun ;
And wifh the ftate of tli' world were now undone.
Sbakefpearet Miicbetb,

And now a breeze from (hore began to blow.
The Tailors (hip their oars, and ccufe to row ;
Then hoift their yards a-tr'p, and all their fails
Let fall, to court the wind, and catch the gales.

Drydcn'i Ceyx and A/cjmi,

A little houfe with trees a row.
And, like its maftcr, very low. I'lfe, Hor,

8. A is fometimes redundant ; as, arife,
aroufe, a-wake ; the fame with rife, roufe,
wake.

9. A, in abbreviations, (lands for artium,
or arts ; as, A. B. batchelor of arts, ar-
tium haccalaureus ; A. M. mailer of arts,
artium magifier ; or, anno ; as, A. D.
anno domini.

AB, at the beginning of the names of
places, generally (hews that they have
fome relation to an abbey, as Abingdon.

Gibfon,

Aba'cke. adv. [from lack.'\ Backwards.
Obfolete.

But when they came where thou thy (kill didit
(how,
They drew abacke, as half with (hame confound.

S/ievJ. Pafl.

ABACTOR, n.f. [Latin.] One who drives
away or fteals cattle in herds, or great
numbers at once, in didindlion from
thofe that ileal only a (heep or two.

Blount.

A'BACUS. n.f. [Latin.] _

1. A counting- table, anciently ufed ia
calculations. '

2. [In architecture.] The uppermoU mem-
ber of a column, which ferves as a fort
of crowning both to the capital and co-
lumn. Dm.

Aba'ft. adv. [of abapran. Sax. behind.]
From the fore-part of the (liip, towards
the llern. Dia.

Abm'sance. n.f. [from the French abai..
fer, to deprcfs, to bring down.] An aCl
of reverence, a bow. Obeyfance is con-
fidered by Skinner as a corruption bf
ahaifame, but is now univcrl'ally uled.
B 1*

ABA

ABA

ABA

To ABA'LIENATE. -v. a. [from aiallene,
Lat.] To make that another's which
was our own before. A term of the civil
Jaw, not much ufed in common fpeech.

Abalien a'tiox. n.f. [Lat. abalicnaiio.']
The afl of giving up one's right to ano-
ther perfon ; or a making over an eftatc,
goods, or chattels by fal«, or due coiirfc
oflaw. Dia.

To Aba'nd. v. a. [A word con traced from
abandon, but not now in uie. See A-
BANDON.] To forfalce.

Thi y ftr :>nger arc
Than they which fought at firft their helping

band,
Mai Vortiger enforced the kingdom to abatiet,

Sftnftr'i Fairy Sheen, h. li. cuu. to.

To ABA'NDON. -v. a. [Fr. abandonner.
Deriv«d, according to Menage, from the
Italian abandonare, which fignifies to
forfake his colours ; bandum ['vexillum]
deferere. /"a/^a/Vr thinks it a coalition of"
a ban donner, to give up to a profcription ;
in which fenfe we, at this day, mention
the ban of the empire. Ban, in our
own old dialed, fignifies a curfe ; and
to a^aWoa, if confidered as compounded
between French and Saxon, is exaftly
equivalent to diris de-Tjcuere.']

I. To give up, refign, or quit ; often fol-
lowed bv the particle to.

]f Jhe be fo ahand'jn'd to her forrow,
Ac iti* fpokc, file never will admir me.

Shah/j>. -Tivtlfth Night.

The- paflive gods behold the Greeks defile
Their temples, and abandon to the fpoll
Their own abodes ; wc, feeble few, confpire
To fave a finking town, involv'd in ftre.

Dryil. j^miJ.

Who is he fo ahatidomd re fottifli credulity, as
to think, that a clod of earth in a fick, may ever,
fay eternal ihaking, receive the fabric of man's
body ? Bcmley'i Sermom.

Muft he, whofe altars on the Phrygian (hore.
With frequent rites, and pure, avow'd thy pow'r,
Be doom'd the worft of human ills to prove,
Unblefs'd, abaxdon'd to the wrath of Jove ?

Pofi't Odyjfty, h. i. 1. 80.

^. To defert ; to forfake : in an ill fenfe.

The princes ufing the palTions of fearing evil,
and defiring to efcape, only to ferve the rvile of
virtue, not to abandon one's felf, leapt to a rib of
the (hip. Sidney, b. ii.

Seeing the hurt flag alone,
I<eft and abandoned of his velvet friends,
'Tis right, quoth he ; thus mifery doth part
The flux of company. Shakifp. As you lih it.

What face a wretched fugitive attends,
Scom'd by my foes, abandoned by my friends.

Dryd. jUneid, 2.

But to the partisg goddcfs thus (he pray'd j
Propitious dill be prcfcnt to my aid.
Nor quite abandon your oncc-favour'd maid.

Dryd. Fab.

3. To forfake, to leave.

He boldly fpakc, Sir knight, if knight thou be,
.Abandon this Ibreflalled place at crft,
For fear of further harm, 1 ccunfel thee.

Sfenfer'i Fairy Sunn, b. ii. eant. ^. Jlanx. 39.

Te ABANDON OVER. 11. fl. [a fomi of wri-
ting not ufual, perhaps not exacl.] To
give up to, to refign.

Look on me as a man abandon d o'er
To an eternal lethargy of love ;
To puU, and pinch, and wound me, cannot cure,
And but diAurb the quiet of my death.

Dryd. Sp. Friar.

Aba'nooned. farticip. adj. Corrupted
in the higheil degree ; as, an abandoned
%vretch. In this fenfe, it is a contradion

of a longer form, abandoned [given up]
to wickednefs.

Aba'ndoninc. [A verbal noun from
abandon.] Defertion, forfaking.

He hop'd his paft meritorious ailions might out-
weigh his prcfent abandoning the thought of future
action. Clarend. b. viii.

Ab a'k DONMEHT.ir./ [abajtdoanement ,Ft .]

1. The aft of abandoning.

2. The ftate of being abandoned. Dia.
Abanni'tiOn. n./. [LblZ. aiannitio.] A

banifhment for one or two years, for
manflaughter. Obfolete. Dia.

Te Aba're. 1/. a. [abajiian. Sax.] Tomake
bare, uncover, or difclofe. Dia.

Ab ARTicutA'TiON.«.y; [from ab, from,
and articulus, a joint, Lat.] A good and
apt conftruftion of the bones, by which
they move ftrongly and eafily ; or that
fpecies of articulation that has manifeft
motion. Dta.

To Aba'se. 1). a. [Fr. abaijfer, from the
Lat. hajis, or bajfus, a b.arbarous word,
fignifying low, bafe.]

1. "To deprefs, to lower.

It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with
whom you fpeak with your eye; yet with a demure
abajing of it fomctimes. , Baccn.

2. To caft down, to deprefs, to brijig low ;
in a figurative and perfonal fenfe, which
is the common ufe.

Hjppy Ihephcid, to the gods be thankful, that
to thy advancement their wlfdoms have thceabajcd.

Sidney, b, \.
Behold every one that is proud, and abiije him.

'Job, xl. II.
With unrefiftcd might the monarch reigns;
He levels mountains, and he raifes plains j
And, not regarding difl'rence of degree,
jit>as'd your daughter, and exalted me.

Dryd. Fables.

If the mind be curbed and humbled too much

in children ; if their fpirlts be ahafed and broken

much by too ftrlit an hand over them ; they lofe

all their vigour and induftry.

Loekt on Education, § 46.

Aba's ED. adj. [with heralds] a term ufed
of the wings of eagles, when the top
looks downwards towards the point of the
ftiield ; or when the wings are ftiut ; the
natural way of bearing them beingfpread
with the top pointing to the chief of the
angle. Bailey. Chambers.

Aba'sement. n.f. The ftate of being
brought low ; the aft of bringing low ;
deprefiion.

There is an abafenunt becaufe of glory ; and
there is tliat lifteth up his head from a low cftate.
EccUfijJlicus, XX. II.

7ff Aba'sh. ni. a. [See Bashful. Per-
haps from abaiffer, French.]

1. To put into confufion ; to make afha-
med. It generally implies a fudden
impreflion of Ihame.

They heard, and were abap'd.

Milton's Paradife Loft, b, !, /. 3 ji.
This heard, th' imperious queen fat mute with
fear;
Nor further dur(l incenfc the gloomy thunderer.
Silence was in the court at this rebuke :
Nor could the g'^ds, abajb'd, fullain their fove-
reign's look. Dryden's Fables.

2. The paflive admits the particle at, fomc-
times of, before the caufal noun.

1 n no wile (peak againft the truth, but be abnjhed
of the error of thy ignorance. Ecclui. iv. 25.

I faid unto her, From whence is this kid ? Is
it not ftolen ? But (be replied u^on nic, it was

liven fm > gift, more than the wagtji however^
I did not believe her, and 1 was aba/b.-d at lier.

iob. ii. 13, i^
In the ad-nirrtion only of weak minds
Led captive : ccafc t" admire, and all her plumct
Fall Hat, and (ink into a trivial toy.
At every fudden flighting quite abdjht.

Mtlti.n's Paradife Ltji, b. ii. /. 223.
The little Cupiils hov'ring round,
(As pictures prove) with garlands crown'd,
MaJIj'd at what tbey faw and heard,
Ficw off, nor ever more appcar'd.

Sliift's Mifcillariil,

To AB A'TE. V. a. [from the French abba-
ire, to beat down.]

1. To leffen, to diminifli.

Who can tell whether tlie divine wifdoni, to
abate the glory of thoft kings, did not rcfcrve this
wo;k to be done by a* queen, that it might appear
to be his own immediate work?

Sir John Da'vies on Ireland^
If you did know to whom 1 gave the ring.
And how unwillingly I left the ring,
.You would abate the ftreogth of your difpleafure.

Sbattjj>eare,

Here we fee the hopes of great benefit and light

from expofitors and commentators, are in a great

part abated; and thofe who have moft need of their

help, can receive but little from them.

Luke's EJfay on St. Paul's Ef'JiUi.

2. To dejeft, or deprefs the mind.

This iron world
Brings down the llouteft hearts to loweft ftate :
For mifery doth braveft m'indi abate.

Spenf. Hubbird's Tale.
Have the power ftiJl
To hani(h your defenders, till at length
Your ignorance deliver you.
As moft abated captives to fome nation
That won you without blows !

Sbatefpeare's Coriolanus,
Time, that changes all, yet changes us in vain.
The body, not the mind ; nor can controul
Th' immortal vigour, or abati the foul.

Dryd. ^ne'id,

3. In commerce, to let down the price in
felling, fometimes to beat down the price
in buying.

To Aba'te. 'V. »;

1. To grow lefs ; as, his paflion abates;
the ftorm abates. It is ufed fometimes
with the particle of before the thing
leffened.

Our phyficians have obfcrved, that in procefs of
time, fome difeafes have abiitidcfx.)\t\r virulence,
and have, in a manner, worn out their malignity,
io as to be no longer mortal.

Dryden's Hind and Panther,

2. [In common law.]

It is in law ufed both aftively and neuterly ; as,
to abate a catlie, to beat it down. To ithate a writ,
is, by fome exception, to defeat or overthrow it,
A ftranger abatetb, that is, entereth upon a houfe
or land void by the death of him that laft pon(:(red
it, before the heir take his po(rcl1ian, and fo keep-
eth him out. Wherefore, as he that putteth out
him in pofTelTinn, is faid to dilTelfe : fo he that
fteppcth in between the former pofTefTor and hi»
heir is faid to abate. In '.he neuter fignlfication
thus ; The writ of the d niandment ihail abate, that
is, (hall be difabled, fruftrated, or overthrown. The
appeal ahateih by covin, that is, that the accuO-
tion is defeated by deceit. CoiueU

3. [In horfemanlhip.] A horfe is faid to
abate or take down his curvets ; when
working upon curvets,' he puts his two
hind legs to the ground both at once,
and obfervcs the fame exaftnefs in all
the times. Dia,

Aba'tement. n.f. \abatemcnt,^'c.'\
I. The aft of abating or leflening.

Xenophon tells us, that the city contained about
ten theuXond houfes, and ^wing one saaa to every

boufe^

ABB

ABB

A B D

houfc, who could have any (hare in the jorern-
ment (the reft coniiliing of women, children, and
. lervants}, and making orher obvious abatements^
thcfc tyrants, it" they had been careful to adhere
together, might have been a majority even of the
people colle^ive.

Sviift on tbe Ctnteji ofAthem and Romg'

2. The ftate of being abated.

ColTee has, in common with all nuts, an oil
ftrongly combined and entangled with earthy par-
ticles. The moft noxious part of oil exhales in
roafting, to the aiatemtnt of near one quarter of its
weight. Arhuthnct on Al'tmcrts.

3 . The fum or quantity taken away by the
aft of abating.

The law of works is that Ijw, which requires
pcrfefl obedience, without rcmiflion or abatement^
fo that, by thatlav,-, a man cannot be juft, or jufti-
6ed, without an cxa3 performance of ever)' tittle.

Locke.

4. The caufe of abating; extenuation.

As our advantages towards pradt^fing and pro-
moting piety and virtue were greater than thofe ot
other men; fo will our eicufe be lefs, if weneglcil
to make ufe of them. We cannr't plead in abate-
ment of our guilt, that we were ignnrant of our
duty, under the prepolfefiion of ill habits, and the
bias of a wrong education. Atterbury^sSermcm,

5. [Inlaw.] The ad of the abator ; as, the
abatement of t\\e heir into the land before
he hath agreed with the lord. The af-

, feftion or paflion of the thing abated ;
Tis, abatement of ihe ■wnx.. Ctnve/.

6. [With heralds.] An accidental mark,
which being added to a coat of arms,
the dignity of it is abafed, by reafon of
fome Ilain or dilhonourable quality of
the bearer. />.<2.

Aba'ter. n./. The agent or caufe by
which an abatement is procured ; that
by which any thing is leffened.

Abaters of acrimony or fliarpnefs, arc exprciled
oils of ripe vegetables, and all preparations of
fucb ; as of almonds, pillachocs, and ether nuts.
A'butbnot on Diet,

Aba'tor. n./. [a law term.] One who
intrudes into houfes or land, void by the
death of the former poffeflbr, and yet
not entered upon or taken up by his
heir. Di^.

A'batude. n.y; [old records.] Anything
dtminifhed. Bailey.

A'bature. It./, [from aiatre, French.]
Thofe fprigi of grafs which are thrown
down by a ttag irf his pafiing by. Dia.

Abb. «./. The yarn on a weaver's warp ;
a terra among clothiers. Chambers.

ABB J. n.f. [Heb. ns] A Syriac word,
which f\^n\fic% father .

A'bqacv. /;./. \LzX. ahbatla.'\ The rights
or privileges of an abbot. See Abbey.

According to Fctiuu>, an abbacy is tlie iiignity
itfclf, fincc an abbot ia a term ( r word of dignity,
and not of ofSce ; and, therefore, even i fecular
perfon, who has the cue of fouls, is fometimes,
iR the canon law, alf > ftiled an abbot.

^>7'j?='j Parcrgitt 'jitrh Canonhi.

A'bbess.«./ [Lat.. aibali//b, from whence
the Saxon abubij-yi;, then probably ab-
hatefs, and by contrafticn abheffe in Fr.
and abbej'i, Eng.] The fuperiour or go-
verncfs of a nunnery or monaflery of
women.

They fled
Into this al bey, whither we purfued them ;
JVnd here the abhejs Ihuts tbe gate on us.
And will not fuffer us to fetch him out.

Shaltf. Con. ofErrtri.

I hive a filter, aibcfs in Terceraf,
Who loft her lover on her bridal-day.

DiyJ. D. Sebajl.
Conftantia, as foon as the folemnities of her re-
ception were over, retired with the abbefs into h?i
own apartment. Adii'.jon.

A'bbey, or Abby. n.f. [Lat. abbatia;
from whence probably firft Abbacy;
which fee.] A monaftery of religious
perfons, whetlier men or women ; dif-
tinguifhed from religious houfes of other
denominations by larger privileges. See
Abbot.

With eafy roads he came to Leicefler ;
Lodg'd in the abbey, where the reverend abbot,
Y^ithall his convent, honourably receivM him.

Shakejp.

A'bbey- -Lubber, n.f. [See Lubber.]
A flothful loiterer in a religious houfe,
under pretence of retirement and aufte-
rity.

This is no Father Dominic, no huge overgrown
abbey-lubber \ this is but a diminutive fucking
f'iar. ' DryH. Sp. fr.

A'BBOT. H.f. [in the lower Latin abbas,
from i» father, which fenfe was Hill
implied ; fo that the abbots were called
patres, and abbefles matres monajicrii.
Thus Fortunatus to the abbot Paternus :
Namitiis cffieiumjure. Paterae, geris.'j The
chief of a convent, or fellowfliip of ca-
nons. Of thefe, fome in England were
mitred, fome not : thofe that were mi-
tred, were exempted from the jurildic-
tion of the diocefan, having in them-
felves epifcopal authority within their
precinfts, and being alfo lords of parlia-
ment. The oth/r fort were fubjcft to
the diocefan in all fpiritual government.

dive/.
See Abbey.

A'bbotship. n.f. The ftate or privilege
of an abbot. Did.

To ABBRE'VIATE. v. a. [Lat. abbre-
1)1 are.^

1. To Ihorten by contraftion of parts with-
out lofs of the main fubilance ; to abridge.

It is one thing to abbreviate by contradllng, an-
other by cutting off. Baccn, FJJay 26.

The only invenfion of late years, which hath
contributed towards polirenefs in difcnurfc, is that
of abbreviating or reducing words of many fyllablei
into one, by lopping ofF tl.c reft. Sieift.

2. To fliortcn, to cut fliort.

Set the rtrength of their days before the flood j
which were aibreviatej after, and contracted into
hundreds and threefcores.

Bro^vn'i Vulvar Ernun, b. vi. e. 6.
.Abersvi a'tion. n.f. ~

1. The aft of abbreviating.

2. The means ufed to abbreviate, as cha-
rafters fignifying whole words ; words
contrafted.

Such is the propriety and energy in them all,
that they never can be chang(:d, but to difadvan-
fage, except in the circumftance of ufing albrevia-
t'ont. Swi/i.

Abbrevia'tor. n.f, [abbre-viateur,Fr.]
One who abbreviates, or abridges.

.A,-!Ek.e'vi ATURE. n. f [abbrevialura.
La:.]

1. A mark ufed for the fake of (hortening.

2. A compendium or abridgment.

Ht! is a good man, who grieves ra.her lor him
that injures him, tlun f^r hii own fuffering; who
prays fgr bim that wrong!, him, forgiving all bis

faults; who fooner (hews mercy thah anger; wh«
offers violence to his appetite, in ell things endea-
vouring to fubdue the fiefli to the fpirit. This is
an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a
Chri!>ian. 7aylari Guiti< to Dtvoricn,

JBBREUFOI'R. [in French, a watering-
place. Ital. abbe-jerato, dal verbo beiiere.
Lat. bibcre. Abbeverari i cavalli. This
word is derived by Menage, not much
acquainted with the Teutonic dialefts,
from adbibare for adbibere ; but more
probably it comes from the fame root
with bretxi. See Brew.] Among ma-
fons, the joint or junfture of two Hones,
or the interftice between twoftonesto be
filled up with mortar. Di&.

A'bby. See Abbey.

A, B, C.

1. The alphabet; as, he has not learned
his a, b, c.

2. The little book by which the elements
of reading are taught.

Then comes queilion like an a, b, c, book.

Skokefpeare*

To A'BDICATE. -v. a. [Lat. abdicc] To
give up right ; to refign ; to lay down
an office.

Old Saturn, here, with upcaft eyes.

Beheld his abdicatcil Ikics. AJdifon,

Abdica'tion. ?/._/". [abduatio, Lut.] The

aft of abdicating ; refignation ; quitting

an office by one's own proper aft before

the ufual or dated expiration.

Neither duth it appear how a princ«'s abdication
can make any other fort of vacancy in the throne,
than would be caufcd by his death ; fince hecan-
not abdicate for his children, otherwife than by his
own confcnt in form to a bill from the two houfes*
Sivift on the Sentiments of a Church of
England Man.

A'bdicative. adj. That which caufes.or
implies an abdication. Diil.

A'bdicative. adj. [from <? Wo, to hide. j
That which has the power or quality of
hiding. Dia.

ABDO'MEN. n. f [Lat. from abdo, to
hide.] A cavity commonly called the
lower venter or belly : It contains the
Itomach, guts, liver, fpleen, bladder,
and is within lined with a membrane
called the peritoneum. The lower part
is called the hypogallriiim ; the forcmoll
part is divided into the epigaftrium, the
right and left hypochondria, and the
navel ; 'tis boended above by the car-
tilago eufiformis and the diaphragm,
fideways by the flwrt or lower ribs, and
behind by the vertebra; of the loins, the
bones of the coxendix, that of the pubes,
and OS facrum. It is covered with feve
ral mufcles, from whofe alternSle relaxa-
tions and contra(itions in refpiration,.
digeilion is forwarded, and the due mo-
tion of all the parts therein contained
pfomoted, both for fecretion and expul-
fion. ' ^iiicy.

The abJonun confifts of parts containing and con-
tained. py)fem:in^s Surgery.

Abdo'minal. Xadj. Relating to the ab-

Abdo'm INDUS. 5 domen.

To A.'JDU'CE. 'u. a. [Lat. abduco.'\ Tq
draw to a diffcrcHt part ; to withdraw
one part from another. A word chiefly
ufed in phylic or fcience.

B i If

ABE

A B H

A B I

If w« tUtict the eye unto either tomar, the
ohjcA will not duplicKe; (ur, in that porition,che
axis of (he cones remain in the Tame plain, as is
demonftrated in the optics delivered by Galen.

Browit'i yulgar Ernun, b, iii. c. 20.

Abou'cent. aajr. Mufcles abducent are
thofe which ferve to open or pull back
divers parts of the body ; their oppofites
being called adducent. Di8.

Abduc'tion. n.f. [aiduSHi, Lat.]

1. The art of drawing apart, or withdraw-
ing one part from another.

2. A particular form of argument.
JBDirCTOK. n.f. {^abduaor, Lat.] The

name given by anatomitts to the muf-
cles, which ferve to draw back the fe-
veral members.

He fuppofed ih ; conftriftors of the eye-lid» muft
he ftresgthened in the fupercilious j the aidulfsn
in drunkards, and contemplarive men, who have
the fame fteady and grave motion of the eye.

jirtuititot anil Pofi'i A''arlinus Scriilcrus.

Abeceda'rian. »./ [from the names of
a, b, c, the three firtt letters of the al-
phabet.] He that teaches or learns the
alphabet, or firft rudiments of literature.
This word is ufed by ff^ood in his
Athena Oxoninfes, where mentioning
Farnaby the critic, he relates, that, in
fome part of his life, he was reduced to
follow the trade of an abecedarian by his
misfortunes.

A'BECEDARY.fli^'. [See Ab ECED A R I AN.]

1. Belonging to the alphabet.

2. Infcribed with the alphabet.

This is pretended from the fympathy of two
needles touched with the loadllonc, and placed in
the center of two ahtcedary circles, or rings of let-
ters, defcribed round about them, One friend keep-
ing one, and another the other, and agreeing upon
' i^Ki hour wherein they will communicate.

Brovin^i Vuhar Errcurs^ b* n. r. 3.

Abe'o. aJv. [from a, for at, and bed.] In
bed.

It was a (hame for them to mar their com-
plexions, yea and conditions too, with long lying
tfW : when fiie was of their age, file would have
in»ie a handkerchief by that time oMay.

Suliy, b» ii.
She has not been ahed, but in her chapel
All night devoutly watch'd. Dryd. Span. Friar.
-Abe'rrance. ?«./. [from a berro, La.t.
Abe'rrancy. 5 to wander from the
right way.] A deviation from the right
way ; an crrour ; a miftake ; a falfe opi-
nion.

They do not only fwarm with errours, but vices
depending thereon. Thus they commonly aft'edl
no man any farther than he dcferts his reafon, or
complies with thrir ahcrrartc'm.

Brotim't y^ulgar Ernurs, h. i. f. 3.
Could a man be compofed to fuch an advantage
of conftitution, that it ihould not at all adulterate
the images of his mind ; yet this fecond nature
would alter the cr.^iis of his underilanding, and
render it as obnoxious to aherraricetf as now.

CfoBvilU^i Supjit Scientijicat c. 16.
Abe'rrant. adj. [from aberraris, Lat.]
Deviating, wandering from the right or
known way. DiJl,

Aberra'tio.n. n.f. [from «i«rra//o, Lat.]
The act of deviating from the common
or from the right track.

If it be a miilake, there is no hercfy in fuch an
barmlefs aherratkn ; the probability of it will ren-
der it a lapfe of eafy pardon.

CUn-vilU'i Sceffit Seienllfica, c. 11.

ABE'jLRiKC./«r/. [from the \<iih aberr.

cf abini, Lat.] Wandering, going a-
Ibray.

Of the verb aberr I have found no
example.

Divers were out in their account, aterr'mg feve-
ral ways from the true and jult compute, and call-
ing that one year, which perhaps might be another.
Bri/ivns yulg.ir Errourif b. iv. r. 12.
To Aberu'nc ATE. I". «. [averunco, Lat.]
To pull up by the roots ; to extirpate
utterly. D'^-

To ABE'T. "v. a. [from betan. Sax. Cg-
nifyine to enkindle or animate.] To
pulh forward another, to fupport him in
his defigns by connivance, encourage-
ment, or help. It was once indifferent,
but is almoA always taken by modern
writers in an ill fenfe : as may be feen
in Abetter.

To abd fignifieth, in our common law, as much
as to encourage or fet on. Co^vel.

Then fliall I foon, quoth he, return again,
Abet that virgin's caufe difconfolate.
And ftiortly back return. Fairy Siueen, b. i.

A widow who by folemn vows,
Contrafted to me, for my fpoufe,
Combin'd with him to break her word.
And has abetted all. Hudibras, p. iii. cant. 3.

Men lay fo great weight upon right opinions,
and eagernefs of abetting them, tliat they account
that the unum neceflarium. Decay of Piety.

They abetted both parties in the civil war, and
always furnifiied fupplies to the weaker fide, left
there fliould be an end put to thcfe fatal divifions.
Jlddifin. Freehulder, No 2S.

Abe'tment. n.f. The aft of abetting.

Dia.
Abe'tter, or Abe'ttor. ».yi He that

abets ; the fupport«r or encourager of

a :v) titer.

Wliilft calumny has two fuch potent abetters,
we are not to wonder at its growth ; as long as
men are malicious and defigning, they will be tra-
ducing. Govertl. of tbe Tongue.

You (hall be ftill plain Torrifmond with me,
Th' abfttir, partner (if you like the name),
The hulband of a tyrant, but no king ;
Till you dcferve that title by yourjullice.

Dryden^s Spjnijh Friar.
Thefe confiderations, though they may have no
influence on the multitude, ought to fink into the
minds of thofe who are their abettors, and who,
if they cfcape puniihment here, muft know, that
thcfe fcvcral mifchiefs will be one day laid to their
charge. Addijor. Freeholder, No 50.

Abey'ance. n.f. [from the French abo-
yer, allatrare, to bark at.] This word,
in Littleton, cap. Difcontinuance, is thus
ufed. The right of fee-fimple lieth in
abeyance, when it is all only in the re-
membrance, intendment, and confidera-
tion of the law. The frank tenement of
the glebe of the parfonage, is in no man
during the time that the parfonage is
void, but is in abeyance. Co-ivel.

Aboreca'tion. n.f. [abgregatio, LtA.]
A reparation from the flock. Diil.

To ABHO'R. T/. a. [abborrea, Lat.] To
hate with acrimony ; to detell to extre-
mity ; to loath ; to abominate.

■Whilll I was b g in claraout, came a man.
Who having freii ;iie in my worferftate,
Shunn'd my abhorrd fociety.

Sl'akefpcaie's K. Lear,
Juftly thou abb:^rryi
That fon, who on the qaict ftate of men
Such trouble brought, aflfefting Co fubdue
Rational liberty.

Mill. ParaJ, Loji, 6. xii. /. 79.

The felf.fame thing they wilt abbn>
One way, and long another for.

Hudibras, p, i. cant, f ,

A church of England man abhors the humour
of the age, in delighting to Aing fcandals upon the
clergy in general i which, befides the difgracsto
the reformation, and to religion itfcif, cafts an ig-
nominy upon the kingdom. Stvift, Ch, ofEng,

AbHo'rRENCE. 1 r re II 1

A r > n.f, I from aoMr.l

Abho rrencv. i -^ '• ■•

1 . The a£t of abhorring, deteflation.

It draws upon him the hatred and abhorrence of
all men here ; and fubjedts him to the wrath of
God hereafter. Soutb's Hcrmmst

2. The difpofition to abhor, hatred.

Even a juft arid neceflary defence does, by giv.
ing men actguaintance with war, take oS' Ibine-
what from the abhorrence of it, and infenfibly dif-
pol'e them to hoftilities. Dec<iy of Piety,

The firft tendency to any injuftlce that appears,
muft be fupprerted with a (how of wonder and ai-
borrency in the parents and governours.

Locke on Education, § 1 10.

Abho'rrekt. adj. [from fl^ar.]

1 . Struck with abhorrence ; loathing.

For if the worlds
In worlds inclos'd could on his fenfes burft.
He would abhorrent turn.

Thomjons Summer, I. 3io»

2. Contrary to, foreign, inconfiflent with.
It is ufed with the particles from or to,
but more properly w\t.\ifrom.

This I conceive to be an hypothefis, well worthy
a rational belief; and yet it is fo abhorrent frr.m
the vulgar, that they would as foon believe Anaxa.
goras, that fnow is black, as him that Ihould af-
firm it is not white.

GlantiiUe' s Sceffis Sciem. c. 12.
Why then thefe foreign thoughts of ftate em-
ployments.
Abhorrent to your funftjon and your breeding ?
Poor droning truants of unpraftis'd cells,
Bred in the fcUow(hip of bearded boys.
What wonder is it if you know not vntrs ?

Dryden,
Abho'rrer. n.f. [from abhor.] The per-
fon that abhors ; a hater, deteller.

The lower clergy were railed at, for difputing
the power of the bilhops, by the known ahborrers
of cpifcopacy, and abuli^d for doing nothing in
the convocations, by thefe very men who wanted
to bind up their hands. Siuifl. Examiner, N° 2i.

Abho'rring. The objeft of abhorrence.
This feems not to be the proper uie of
the participial noun.

They (hall go forth, and look upon the carcafes
of the men that have tranlgreflcd againft Me :
for their worm (hall not die, neither (hall their
fire be quenched, and they ihall be an abhorring
unto all fie(h. Ij'aiab, Ixvi. 44.

To ABI'DE. -K. n. I abode or abid. [from
bibian, or aubibian. Sax.]

1 . I'o dwell in a place ; not remove ; t»

ilay.

Thy fervant became furety for the lad unto my
father, faying. If 1 bring him not unto thee, then
I (hall bear the blame to my father for ever. Now
therefore I pray thee, let thy fervant abide inftead
rf the lad, a bondman to my lord j and let the
lad go up with his brethren. Gen. xliv. 31, 33-.

2. To dwell.

The Marquis Dorfet, as I hear, is fled
To Kichmond, in the parts where he abides. ■

Shakejp. Richard III.

Thofe who apply themfclves to learning, are
forced to acknowledge one God, incoriuptible and
unbegotten ; who is the only true being, anu aliJei
for ever ibove th- higheft heavens, from whence
He beholds all the things thac are done in heaven
Md earth.

StilHngfi. Defence of Di/c. on Rom. Ido/ai,

3. To

A B I

3. To remain ; not ceafe or fail} to be
immoveable.

They chat truft in the Lord (hall be as mount
ZioPi whxh cannot be removed, but ahUdtb for
ever. PJa/m cxxv. 1.

4. To continae in the fame ftate.

The tejr of the Lord toiJcth to life ; and hs
that hath it (hall ao:Je fatistied. Pr',v. xix. 23

There can be no ftuJy without time; and the
mind mull j&iJi and dwell upon things, or be al-
ways a ftranger to the infijc of them. South.

5". To endure without offence, anger, or
contradiftion.

Who canaiiVr, that, againli their own doilors,
fix whole books ^ould by their fatherhoods be im-
periuuOy obtruded upon God and his church ?

Ha!!.

6. It is ufed with the particle ivit/f be-
fore a perfon, and at or in before a place.

It is tetter that I give her to thee, than that 1
Jhould give her to another man : ylMde ivith me.

G-.r, xx'ix, 19.

For thy fervant vowed a vow, while I atoJt at
Ge/hur in Syria, faying, if the Lord {ball bring me
again indeed to Jerufalem, then 1 will ferve th::
Lord. 2 Sam. xv. S.

7. It is ufed with hy before a thing; as, to
abide by his teftimony ; to abide by his
own (kill ; that is, to rely upon them ; to
abide by an opinion ; to maintain it ; to
abide by a man, is alfo, to defend or /up
fort him. But thefe forms are fome-
thing low.

Of the participle aiid, I have found
only the example in Woodward, and
(hould rather determine thztabidein the
aftive fenfe has no paflive participle, or
compounded preterite.
To Abi'de. t/. a.

1. To wait for, e.-cpeft, attend, wait upon,
await : ufed of things prepared for per-
fons, as well as of perfons expecting
■things.

Home is be brought, and laid in fumptuous bed,
Where many Ikilful leeches him aliuie.
To f:.Iwe his hurts. Fairy S^ueen, b. i. c, ^. fi. 17.

Whil': lions war, and battle for their dens,
Poor harmief; iambs thidt their enmity.

Sbah^f. Hen. VI. f. 3.

Bonds and affliOinns aiije mc. y^ffs, xx. 23.

2. To bear or fupport the confequences of
a thing.

Ah me ! they little know
How dearly I tt'ule that bead fo vain.

Milloit'i Par. Left.

3. To bear or fupport, without being con-
quered or deftroyed.

But the Lord lie is the true God, he is the
living Cod, and an everlafling Icing : At his
wrath the earth (hall tremble, and the nations
Aallntbe .ible tOd^;i/r his indignation. Jtr. x. 10.

It muft le allowed a fair prefumption in favour
of the truth of my doilrines, that they hav3 abid
a very rigorous teft now for above thirty years,
and the mote ftiirtly they are looked into, the
moie they are confirmed. IVxdviard, Litter i.

4. To bear without averfion ; in which
fenfe it is commonly ufed with a nega-
tive.

Thou canit not abide Tiridates; thia is but
iove of th)fcl(. Sidney, b. ii.

Thy vile race,
Though thou didA learn, had that io't, which

g!>)i natures
Gould not abide tube with; therefore wall thou
Oefervcdly confin d unto this rock.

Sbahff. Ttmfrft.

J. To bear or uffcr,

A B J

Girl witk circumfluous tides,
He ftiU calamitous conllraint abides.

Pope'i Odyf b. iv. /. 750
Abi'der. n.f. \^{iom abide.] The perfon
that abides or dwells in a place ; per-
haps that lives or endures. A word
little in ufe.
Abi'ding. ti.f. [from abide."] Continu-
ance ; (lay ; fixed ftate.

We arc (Irangers before Thee and fojourners, as
were all our fathers : our days on the earth ate as
a fliadow, and there is none abidirg.

1 Ciyran. xxix, 15.
The air in that region is fo violently removed,
and carried about with fuch fwiftnefs, as nothing
in tlut place can confifl or have abidirg.

Raiv'eigl.'i Hift:iry ^ihe ffcrld.

A'BJECT. adj. \^abjeifus, Lat. thrown
away as of no value.]

1. Mean; worthlefs ; bafe ; groveling:
fpoken of perfons, or their qualities.

Rebellion
Came like itfelf in bafe and ahjcS routs.
Led on by bloody yourh grjaJed with rage.
And counceoanc'd by boys and beggary.

Sbahfprare't Henry IV.
I wa? at fird, as other bealls thkr graze
The trodJcn herb, of abjed thoughts and low.

Milt. Para-.aje Left, b. ix. /. 571,

Honed men, who tell ;heir fovereigns what they

expeft from them, and what obedience they fliall

be always ready to pay them, are not upon an

equal foot with bafe and abjrfl flatterers.

Aldifin'a fnig Examiner.

2. Being of no hope or regard ; ufed of
condition.

The rarer th^ example (lands,
Ey how much trom the top of wond'rous gbry,
Strongeft nf mortal men.

To loweft pitch of aijeS fortune thou art fall'n.
Milton's Sampfin ^gcmftcs.
We fee man and woman in the higheft inno-
cence and perfeflion, and in the moft abjc^ ftate
of guilt and infir.nity.

yfddijon. SftHator, N" 279.

3. Mean and defpicable ; ufed of aflions.

'1 he rapine is f) abjcfl and profane.
They not from trifles, nor from gods refrain.

Dryden'i Juvenal, Sat. 8.

To what bafe ends, and by what abjea ways.
Are mortals urg'd through facred lull of praif • ?
^ P'.l>e's Ejjjy an Criticifm.

Abject, n.f. A man without hope; a

manwhofe miferies are irretrievable;

one of the loweft -condition.
Yea, the akjeHi gathered themfclvcs together

againft m^c. pfalm xixv. 15.

To Abje'ct. v. a. [abjicio, Lat.] To

throw away. A word rarely ufed.
Abje'ctedness. n.f. Ifrom abjed.] The

ftate of an abjedt.

Our Saviour would love at no !efs rate than
death; and, from the fupereml:icr,t height of
glory, ftooped and abafed himfejf to tire fuft^^rancc
of the extremcft of indignities, and lunk himfelf
to the bottom of abjifiidntfs , to exalt our condi-
tion to the contrary extreme. B(,yle's fVorks.
Abje'ction. w./. [homabjea.'] Mean-
hefsofraind; want of fpirit ; fervility;
bafenefs.

That this (hould be termed bafenefs, abjeaitin
of mind, or fervility, is it crcJijle ?

H'yoier,,b. v. ^ 47.

The juft medium lies betwixt pride and the

abjcBian, the two extremes. VEftrange.

A'bjectly. ad'u. [from abje^.] In an

abjcft manner, meanly, balcly, fer-

vilely, contemptibly.

A'BJECT^•Ess, n./. [from abjea."] Ab-

jeftiony fervility, meannefs.

A B J

Servility and aljeBncJs of humour is implicitlir
involved in the charge of lying.

Government of the Tongue, § 8.
By humility I mean not the abjtlincjs of a bafa
mind : but a prudent care not to over-value our-
felves upon any account.

Gn^u^s Cofmclogia Sacra, b. ii. e. 7.
Abi'lity. n.f. [Babihte, Fr.]
I. The power to do any thing, whether
depending upon (kill, or riches, or
ftrength, or any other quality.

Of finging thou hall got tiie reputation.
Good Thyrfis, mine 1 yield to thy ability j
My heart doth feek another eftimation.

Sidney, b, u
If aught in my ability may ferve
To lighten what thou iulier'll, and appeafe
Thy mind with what amends is in my pow'r.

Milton s Sumfjon Agoniftei, I. 74^
They gave after their ab'dity unto the treafure.

Exra, ii. 69.
If any man minifter, let him do it as of the-
ability v^•hich God givcth ! that God in all things
may be glorified through JefusChrift. i Pa. iv. 11.
Wherever we find our abilities too weak for the
performance, he affures us of the afliftance of his
Holy Spirit, Rogeis's Sermons.

z. Capacity of mind; force of underftand-
ing ; mental power.

Children in whom tjiere was no blemilh, but"
well-favoured, and (kilful in all wifdom, and cun-
ning in knowledge, and underllanding fcience, .
and fuch as had ability in them to ftand in the
king's palace. Can. i. 4.

2. When it has the plural number, abi/i^
ties, it frequently fignifies the faculties
or powers of the mind, and fometimes
the force of underftanding given by na-
ture, asdiftinguifhedfrom acquired qua-
lifications.

Whether it may be thought nccefTary, that in
certain trails of country, like what we call pa-
rities, there (hould be one man, at lead, of abili-
ties to read and write ? Stuift.
Abinte'state. adj. [of etb, from, and
intejiatiis, Lat.] A term of law, im-
plying him that inherits from a man„
■ who, though he had the power to mate
a will, yet did not make it.
To A'bjugate. 1/. a. [abjugc, Lat.] To
unyoke, to uncouple. Bin
To ABJU'RE. v. a. [abjuro, Lat.]

1 . To caft off upon oath, to fwear not to
do or not to have fomething.

Either to die the death, or to abjure
For ever the fociety •■» man.

Sbakcjpeare's Midfum. Night's Dreaiir^

No man, therefore, that hath not abjured hi»
reafon, and Ivvorn allegiance to a preconceived
fantadical hypothefis, can undertake the defence
of fuch a fuppofjtion. Hale,

2. To retraci, recant„ on abnegate a po,
(ition upon oath.

Abjiira'tion. »./ [horn abjure.} The
aft of abjuring^ The oath takea for ,
that end.

Until Henry VIIL his time, if a man, havina
committed felony, could go. inio a church, o»
church-yard, before he were apprehended, he might
not be takeji from thence to the ufual trial of law,
but confcfling his fault to the juftices, or to thr
coroner, gave his oath to forfakc tlie realm for
ever, which wascalled abjuration.

There are fome abjurations dill in force among
U5 here in England ; a.», by the (latute of the 2jth.
of king Charles II. all persons that are aitmittcd
into any odice, civil or military, mud take the
teft 5 which is an ahjuratim'oS iomcdoclrines ot
the church of Rome.

There is likewile another oath of clJuraiiM,

which.

A3 L

ABO

ABO

-which laymsn and clergymen are bath obllgeil to
take; and thai is to at jure tlic Pretender.

Ail^e's Panrgrtn "Jurii Cutionici*

To ABLA'CTATE. v. a. [ablaao, Lat.]
To wean from the breaft.

Ablacta't ION. n.j. One of the me-
thods of grafting ; and, according to
the fignification of the word, as it were
X weaning ol a cyon by degrees from its
mother ituck ; not cutting it off wholly
from the Itock, till it is firmly united
to that on which it is grafted.

Ab I A qjj E a't ion. tt./. [^ahlaqueatie, Lat. ]
The art or praftice of opening the
ground about the roots of trees, to let
the air and water operate upon them.

Trench the 'ground, and make it ready Jor the
fpting : Prepare alio foil, and ufe it where you
have occafion : Dig borders. Uncover as yet roots
oftieet, where ablajucmion is requifite.

jLvtilyii's Kahndar,

The tenure in chief is the very root that doth
«iaint:iin this fihxr ^tm, that by many rich and
fruitful branches fpreadcth itfelf : fo if it be luf-
fered to ftarve, by want of ablatjueal'ion, and
other good liulbandry, this yearly fruit will much
decrcafe. Bacm's Office af AlUnaiions.

ABLA'TION. »./ [ablatio, Lat.] The

aft of taking away.
A'hlative. n. a. [eblati'vus, Lat.]

1 . That which takes away.

2. Thefixth cafe of the Latin nouns; the
cafe which, among other fignifications,
includes the perfon from whom fome-
thing is taken away. A term of gram-
mar.

A'BLE. aJj. [habile, Fr. habilis, Lat.
Ikilful, ready.]

1. Having ftrong faculties, or great ftrength
or knowledge, riches, or any otiier
power of mind, body, or fortune.

Henry VU. was not afraid of an able man, as
LcwTs the Eleventh was. But, contrariwife, iic
was ferved by the abUfi men that were to be found ;
without which his aifairs could not have profpercd
a? they did. Baccn's Henry VII.

Such gambol faculties he hath, that (hew a
weak mind and an abU body, for the which the
prince admits him. Shakejf, Henry IV. f. ii.

2. Having power fnfficient ; enabled.

All mankind acknowledge tiiemfelves able and
fulHcient to do many things, which aftually they
never do. South", Serm.

Every man (hall give as he is able, according to

the bleliing of the Lord ».y God, which he hath

■ given thee. _ Deut. xvi. 17.

3. Before a verb, with the particle to,
it fignifies generally having the power.

Wrath is cruel, and anger is outrageous j but
who is able to ftand before envy ? Prw, xxvii. 4.

4. With /or it is not often nor very pro-
perly ufed.

There have been fome inventions alfo, which
have been able for the utterance of articclate
founds, as the fpeaking of ccrt.iin word*.

Wi/imi'j Mathematlal Magic.

To A'ble. v. a. To make able; to en-
able, which is the word commonly ufed.
See Enable.

Plate fin with gold.
And the ftrong lance of jufticc hurtiefs breaks ;
Arm it with rags, a pigmy's ftraw doth pierce it.
None does offend, none, I fay none, I'll able 'em ;
Take that of me, my friend.

Shakefpcare* s Kir.g hear.

Able-bodied. o<^'. Strong of body.

It lies in the power of every fine woman, to fe-
«urc at leaft half a doaen able-h'Jicd men to his
tn^eAj'l fervice. Add'ijai. FncbslJcr, N" 4.

To A'BLEGATE. v. a. [ablep. Lat.]

To fend abroad upon fome employment ;

to fend out of the way. Di£l.

Ablega'tion. tt./. [from abUgate.'\ The

adl of fetiding abroad. Di£i.

A'bleness. n.f. [from able.'] Ability of

body or mind, vigour, force.

That nation 4oth fo excel, both for comelinefs
and abtenejs, that from neighbour countries they
ordinarily come, fome to ftrive, fome to learn,
fome to behold. SiJniy, b. ii.

A'blepsy. a. / [aSxt-i'M, Gr.] Want

of fight, blindnefs; unadvifednefs. D/V7.
Abliguri'tion. n./. [abliguritio, hzt.]

Prodigal expence on meat and drink.

D.'3.
TV A'bligatb. v. a, [abligo. Lit,"] To

tic up from. - Di<S.

To A'BLOCATE. v. a. [abloco, Lat.] To

let out to hire.

Perhaps properly by him who has hired

it from another.

Calvin^ s Lexicon Juridicum.
Abloca'tion. ti. j. [from ablocate.] A

letting out to hire.
To Ablu'de. -v. n. [abludo, Lat.] To be

unlike. Dia.

A'b l u e n t. adj. [abluens, Lat. from abluo,

to wa(h away.]

1. That which wafhes clean.

2. That which has the power of cleanfmg.

Dia.
Ablu'tion. tt./. [ablttfio, Lat.]
1 . The aft of cleanfmg, or walhing clean.

There is a natural analogy between the ablution
of the body and the purification of the foul ; be-
tween eating the holy bread and drinking the facred
chalice, and a participation of the body and blood
of Chrift. Baylor t Worthy Covtmunicant.

z. The water ufed in wafhing.

Wafh'd by the briny wave, the pious train
Are deans'd, and call th* ablutions in the main.

Pope's Iliad.

3. The rinfing of chemical preparations in
water, to diffolve and walh away any
acrimonious particles.

4. The cup given, without confecration,
to the laity in the popifli churches.

To A'BNEGATE. i>. a. [from abnego,
Lat.] To deny.

Abnega'tion. n.f. [abnegatia, Lat. de-
nial, from abtiego, to deny.] Denial,
renunciation.

The abnegation or renouncing of all his own
holds and intciefts, and trufts of all that man is
mod apt to defend upon, that he may the more
expeditely follow Chrift. Hammond.

Abnoda'tion. n.f. [abnodatio, Lat.]
The aft of cutting away knots from
trees : a term of gardening. DiS.

Abno'rmous. adj. [abnormis, Lat. out
of rule.] Irregular, milhapen. DiSi.

Abo'ard. adv. [a fea-term, but adopted
into common language; derived im-
mediately from the French a bord, as,
aller a lord, eifvoyer a bord. Bord is
itfelf a word of very doubtful original,
and perhaps, in its different accepta-
tions, deducible from different roots.
Bopb, in the ancient Saxon, fignified a
hatife ; in which fenfe, to go aboard, is
to take up refidence in a Ihip.

I. In a ihip.

He loudly eall'd to fuch as were abnari.
The little bark unto the Hiore to draw,
And him to ferry over that deep ford.

Fairy Sueeti, b. ii. cant. 6.
He might land them, if it plcafcd him, or
otlierwife keep them aboard.

Sir W. Ratvleigb's EJ/ayt,

2. Into a Ihip.

When morning rofe, I fent my matea to bring
Supplies of water from a ncighb'rlng fpring,
Whilft I the motions of the wind expio: 'd ;
Then fummon'd in ray crew, and went abcarJ,

jiddifin'i Ovid's Mr:ami>rfht^es, i. iiK
Abo'de. tt./. [from abide.] ,

1. Habitation, dwelling, place of refi-
dence.

But I know thy abode and thy going out, and
thy coming in, 2 ^'"gh »i»- -t?"

Others may ufe the ocean as their road.
Only the Englilh make it their abode;
Whofe ready fa'ijs with every wind can fly.
And make a cov'nant with th' inconftant flcy.

fP'ailer.

2. Stay, continuance in a place.

Sweet friends, your patience for my long abode;
Not I, but my affairs, have made you wait,

Sbakefpeare's Merchant o/V^mce,

Making a Ihort abode in Sicily the fecond time,
landing in Italy, and making the war, may be rea*
fonably judged the bufinefs but often months.

Dryden's Dedicat. to jSneiJ.

The woodcocks early vifit, and abode
Of long continuance in our temp'rate dime,
Foretcl a liberal harveft. PhilUpt.

3. To make abode. To dwell, torefide, to
inhabit. .

Deep in a cave the Sibyl makes abode ;
Thence full of fate retum? , and of the God.

Dryd. jEn. 6.

7e Abo'de. i». a. [See Bode.] To fore-
token or fbrefhow ; to be a prognoflic,
to be ominous. It is taken, with its de-
rivatives, in the fenfe either of good or
ill.

Every man,
After the hideous ftorm that follow'd, was
A thing infpir'd ; and, not confulcing, broke
Into a general prophecy, that this tempcft,
Da/hing the garment of this peace, abodcd
The fudden breach of it. Sbakrff. Henry VIII.
Abo'dement. n.f. [frova To abode.] A
fecret anticipation of fomething future ;
an impreflion upon the mind of fome
'event to come; prognoftication ; omen.

I like not this.
For many men that ftumbic at the thre/hold,
Are well furttoid that danger lurJcs within.—
— Tuih 1 man, abodimcnti muft not now affright us.
Shakcjfcarc's Henry VI. f, ili.
My lord bilhop alked him, Whether he had never
any lecret abodcincnt iir his mind ? No, replied the
duke; but I think fome adventure may kill me as
well as another man, ff^ot/on*

To AB'OLISH. -j. a. [aboleo, Latin.]

1. To annul ; to make void. Applied to
laws or inllitutions.

For us to aboltjh what he hath cftablilhed, were
prcfumption molt intolerable. Hcoktr, b. iii. ^ 10.

On the paiilamcnt's part it was propoled, that
all the biihops, deans, and chapters, might be im-
mediately taken away, and abolijhcd.

Clarendon, b, viii.

2, To put an end to, to deftroy.

The long continued wars between the Engli/h
and the Scots, had then raifed invincible jea-
loufies and hate, which long continued peace hath
fince abitijhfd. Sir Jchn Hayward.

Tiiat Jhall Perocles well requite, I wot,
And, with thy blood, aboltfi fo reproachful blot.

Fairy S^uecn,
More deftroy'd than they.
We ihould be quite abolyb'd, and expire,

Milton.
« Or

ABO

Or wilt thou tJijfsIf
Abtl'i/h thy CT«3tion, and unrrake
For him, what for thy glory thou haft made ?

Miltin, t- iii. A 163.
Nor cotild Vuicjnian flame
The ftench abuhjh, or the favour tame.

Dryd. yirg, Geo, iii.
Fermented Tpirits contraft, harden, and con-
folidate many 6bres together, abolUhing many ca-
nals ; efpecinlly where the fibres are the tendereft,
as in the brain. Arhutb, en Altttunti.

Abo'i. !SH ABLE. a;^'. \^xova abolijh .'\ That

which may be abolifhed.
Abo'lisher. «,/. [from ahelijh.l He that

aboliflies.
Abo'lishment. n./. [from aiolijh.'] The
aft of aboliftiing.

The plain and dircfl way had been to prove,
that all fuch ceremonies, as they require to be
aboli/hcd, are retained by us with the hurt of the
church, or with lefs benefit than the abalipmcr.!
of them would bring. Jiccirr, b. iv.

He Ihould think the thchjhmert of cpifcopacy
among us, would prove a mighty Icandat and cor-
ruption to our faith, and manifeftly dangerous to
our monarchy. SiL'ifri Cburcb of Enfrland Man.
Aboli'tion. n.f. [from a^c/r/A.] The aft
of aboliftiing. '1 his is now more fre-
quently ufed than aboUjhment.

From the total abdiihn of the popular power,
may be dated the ruin of Rome : for hi;u the re-
ducing hereof to its ancient condition, propofeil
by Agrippa, been accepted inllead of Matcenas's
model, that ftate might have continued unto this
day. Crt%o*i Cofmclogia Sacra, b, iii. r. 4.

An apoplexy is a fudden abelitUn of all tht-
fenfes, and of all voluntary motion, by the ftop-
page of the flux and reflux ot the animal fpirits
through the nerves dellined for thofe motions.

Arbuttnu on Our.

Abo'minable. aJj. [alominabilij, Lac]

1. Hateful, deteilable ; to be loathed.

This infernal pit
yiiom'waile, accurs'd, the haufe of woe.

Aiilun .
The queen and miniftry might eafily redref
this abominab/e grievance, by endeavouring t»
choofc men of virtuous principles.

Sivifi^s Przjffifor the Advancement of Relighn.

2. Unclean.

The foul that Ihall touch any unclean beaft, or
any abominable unclean thing, even that foul Ihall be
cut off from his people. Leviticus, vii. 21.

3. In low and ludicrous language, it is
a word of loofe and indeterminate cen-
fure.

They fay yon Me a melancholy fcllow.^I am
fo ; I do love it better than laughing. — Thofe
th-t are in extremity of cither, arc abominab/e
fellr'jvs, and betray themfelves to every modern
cenfurr, worfe than drunkards.

Stakeffeare'i As you fUeir.
Abo'minableness. n. / [from abomin-
able.] The quality of being abomin-
able ; hatefulncfs, odioufnefs.

Till we have proved, in its proper place, the
eternal and cffcnlial difference between virtue And
»i<e, we muft forbear to urge athcifts with the
corruption and abominablinefs of their principles.

Bentley's Sermors.

A B o'm I !« A B I, Y . adv. [from abominable.]
A word of low or familiar language,
fignifying exccflively, extremely, ex-
ceedingly ; in an ill fcnfe. It is not
often fenoufly ufed.

I have obicrved great abufea and diforders in
your family ; your ferv.int3 are mutinrru* and
i]uarielfome, and cheat you mod abonisahly.

Arluiinot.

To ABO'MINATE. -v. a. [alminor, Lat.]
To abhor, decdt, hate utterl/

ABO

Pride goes, bated, curfcd, and ahmtnated t>y

all, Hammond*

We arc not guilty of your injuries,
No way confent to them ; but do ai>Iior>
Abominatef and loath thJs cruelty.

Southern*! Oroonok^*

He profened both to ahommate and defpife all

myftery, refinement, and intrigue, either in a

prince or minifter. S^vift.

A BO MI N a'tION. «.y*.

1. Hatred, detertation.

To affift king Charles by Engllfli or Dutch

forces, would rendi^r him odious to his new fub-
jefls, who have nothing in fo great abomination,
as theft: whom they hold for heretic?. Sivift^

2. The objed of hatred.

Every ilicphcrd is an abomination to the Egyp-
tians. Gentjis, xlvi. 34.

3. Pollution, defilement.

And there fhall in no wife enter Into it any
thing that defileth, neither whatfocver worketh
ahminaticny or maketh a lie. Rt'v, xxi. 27.

4. Wickednefs ; hatefol or fhameful vice.

Th' adulterous Antony, n»eft large
In his abcminationtf turns you oft.
And gives his potent regiment Co a trull.
That nofcs it agaioil: us.

Sbakefp, Antan^ and Cleopatra,

5. The caufe of pollution.

And the high places ihat were before Jerufa-
Icm, which, wcce on the right hand of the mount
of corruption, which Solomon the king of Ifrael
had builded for Aihtorcth the abominatkn of the
Zldonians, and for Chemo/h the ab'.minaticn of
the Moabites, and iot Milcom the abomination ot
the children cf Ammon, did the king defile.

2 fCirgSj xxiii, 13.

JBORIGINES. n.f. [Lat.] The earlieft
inhabitants of a country ; thofe of whom
no original is to be traced; as, the Welfli
in Britain.

To ABO'RT. -v. n. [abcrto, Lat.] To bring
fxth before the time ; to mi(carry. /)/<?.

Abo'rtion. n.f. [uborlio, Lat.]

1. The aft of bringing forth untimely.

Thefe then need caufe na aborticn. Sandyi.

2. The produce of an untimely birth.

His wife mifcarricd ; but, as the abortion proved
only a female foetus, he comforted himlclf.

Arbutknot and Pt.pe't Martinus Scribkrui.
Behold my arm thus blaftcd, dry and withcr'd,
Shnjnlc like a foul alortif^n, and decay'd,
Lilce fome untimely produ£l of the feafons.

R(nve.

Abo'rtive. n.f. That which is born be-
fore the due time. Perhaps anciently
any thing irregularly produced.

No common wind, no cultomcd event.
But they wi lipluck away its nat'ral caufes.
And call them meteors, prodigies, and figns,
Abortives, and prcfages, tongues ot heav'n.
Plainly denouncing vengeance upon John.

Shakejp. King yobn.

Take the fine (kin of an abortive, and, with

Aarch thin laid on, prepare your ground or tablet.

Peacbam on Dratvirtg.

Many are preferved, and do lignal fervicc to
their cnintry, who, without a provifion, might
have perilled as abcrtit-es, or have come to an
untimely end, and perhaps have brought upon
their guilty parents the like dcftruftion.

AJdifon. Guardian, N" 106.

Abo'rtiyI!. ac/J, [abortiviis, Lat.]
I . That which u brought forth before the
due time of birth.

If ever he have child, abtrtive be it.
Prodigious, and untimely brought to light.

Sbakefp. Richard n\.
All th' unaccomplifli'd works of nature's hand.
Abortive, monftrous, or unkindly mix'd,
Diflo.v'd on earth, fleet liithcr.

Mi Umi ' > Paradif; LcJI, bXa, 56.

A B a

Nor will his fruit expeft
Th' autumnal fjafon, but, in fummer's pride
When other orchards fmile, abortive fail.

Phillifs.

2. Figuratively, that which fails for want
of time.

How often haft thou waited at my cup.
Remember it, and let it make thee creft-fall'n y
Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride.

Sbakefp. Henry VI. f. iu

3. That which brings forth nothing.

The void profound
Of nneffential night receives him next.
Wide-gaping ; and with utter lofs of being
Threatens him, plurgM in that abcrtive gulfl

Milton's Pnradifc Loji, b. ii. /. 4jr»

4. That which fails or mifcarries, from
whatever caufe. This is lefs proper.

Many politic conceptions, fo elaborately formed
and wrought, and grown at length ripe for delivery,
do yet, in the iffue, mifcarry and prove abortive.

South^s Sermins*

Abo'ktively. ach). [from aborti-T.'e.'] Born
without the due time; immaturely, un-
timely.

Abo'rtiveness. ft. y. [from abortive.^
The ftate of abortion.

Abo'r.tment. «. /. [from abort.] The
thing brought forth out of time ; an un-
timely birth.

Concealed treafures, now loft to mankind, (hall
be brought into ufe by the induftry of converted
penitents, whole wretched carcafes the impartial
laws dedicate, as untimely tcafts, to the worms
of the earth, in whofe womb thofe dcfcrted mi-
neral riches muft ever lie buried as loft aborttnen's^
unlefs thofe be made the adlive midwives to de-
liver them. Bacon^s Pbyjical Remains*,

ABO'VE. fref. [from a, and bupan,
Saxon ; bo'ven, Dutch.]

1. To a higher place; in a higher place.

So when with crackling flames a cauUlron fries^
The bubbling waters from the bottom rife ;
Above the brims they force their fiery way ;
Black vapours climb aloft, and cloud the day,

Dryden, ^mid vii. /. 643*

2. More in quantity or number.

E\cry one that palTeth among then), that are-
numbered from twenty years old and above, IhaU
give an ofF.ring unto the J^ord;

Exodus, XXX. 14.

3. In a fuperiour degree, or to a liiperiour
degree of rank, power, or ex'Ccllence.

The Lord is high above all nations, and hi»
glory above the heavens. PJalm. cxiii. 4.

The public power of all focicties is above every
foul contained in the fame focicties.

Hooker, b. i.
There is no riches above a found body, and no
joy above the joy of the heart.

EccleJ:aJ!icus,xxx,-^(i.
To her
Thn^ didft refign thy manhood, and the place
Wherein God fet thee above her, made of thee.
And for thee : whofe perfc^ion far exceU'd
Hers, In all real dignity. '

Milton's Paraiiife Loji. b. X. /. 147^
Latona fees her ihiae above the reft.
And feeds with fecret joy her filent breaft.

Drydeirs j-EntiJ,

4. In a (late of being faperior to ; unai-
• tainable by.

It is an old and true dift'nfiion, that things
may be above our reifon, without being contrary
to it. Of this kind are the power, the nature,
and the univerfal prefence of God, with innu-
merable other points. Swift*

5. Beyond; morfe than.

We were prcfl'ed out of meafure, above ftrength }
iofomuch that we defpaired even of life.

2 Cor. \. 8.
Jo baling thoughts voconfufed, and bciiig ab'^

ABO

to JiftmEulfti one thing from another, where there
is bat the le»ft diflcrencc, confifts the exaflnefs of
judgment »nd cleirnefs of reafon, which is in one
man ebtn'C another. L^ckt.

The inhabitants of Tirol liave miny privileges
eh(n/e tliol'e of the other hereditary countries of
thf emperor. MJifir.

6. Too proud for ; too high for. A phrafe
chiefly ufed in familiar expreffion.

Kings and princes, in the earlier ages of the

world, laboured in arts and occupations,, and were

thvc notliing that tended to promote the con-

\enienccs of life. I'tft'i Oiiyjly; r.Ms.

Abo've. adv.

I. Over-head ; in a higher place.

To men (landing below, men Handing aloft
feem much lelTcned ; to thofc ahcvc, men Handing
below, feem not fo much k-fl'encd. Bacon,

When he cftabllflied the clouds above; when
he Ihcngtlitncd the fountains of the deep ; when
he gave to the fca bis decree, that the waters fliould
not pafs his ccmmandment; when he appointed
tlie foundations of the earth ; then 1 was by him,
us, one brought up with him ; and I was daily his
delight, rejoicing always befire him.

Pnyterbs, viii, 48.

Every good gift, and every fti(a& ^ift, is from
atovty and comcth down from the Father of
lights, witli whom is no variablencfs, neither
fliadow of turning. yarr.es, i. ij.

The TrojansyVoBi ai^t their foes beheld ;
And with arm'd legions all the rampircs fiil'd.

Dryden, yEmid.
a. In the regions of heaven.

Your prailc the birds (hall chant in every grove,
And winds /hall waft it to the pow'rs above.

Pope's Pajiorah.

3, Before. [See Above-cited.]

I faid ahove, that thefe two machines of the ba-
lance, and the dira, were only ornamental, and
that the -fuccefs of the duel had been the fame
without them. Diyd. Vedicat. ^ne'id.

Above all. In the firft place ; chiefly.

I ftudied Virgil's defign, his difpofition of it,
his manners, his judicious management of the
ii jures, the fober retrenchments of his fenfe, which
always leaves fomethlng to gratify our imagina-
tion, on which it may enlarge at pleafure ; but
above ati, the elegSnce of bis expreffion, and th?
harmony of his numbers.

Dryden' s Dedieat'ion to the JEmid.

Above-board.

I. In open fight ; without artifice or trick,
A figurative expreffion, borrowed from
gamefters, who, when they put their
hands under the table, are changing
their cards. It is ufed only in familiar
language.

It is the part alfo of an honed man to deal
above-board, and without tricks. L'EJIratige.

a. Without difguife or concealment.

Though there have not been wanting fuch
heretofore, as have praftifed thefe unworthy arts,
for as much as there have been villains in all
placet and all ages, yet now-a-days they are
owned above-board. Soutb's Sermons.

Above-cited. Cited before. A figu-
rative expreffion, tak?n from the ancient
manner of writing books on fcrolls ;
where whatever is' cited or mentioned
before in the fame page, mull be abeme.

It appears from the authority abcve-cited, that
this is afaQ confcfled by heathens thomfclves.

yiddifon on the Cbtijiian Religion,

Above-crovnd. An expreffion ufed to

fignify alive ; not in the grave.
ABOVE-MENTiONED.See Above-cited.

1 do not remember, that Homer any whi-re falls
into the faults above-meniioned, which were indeed
tbe falTc refincmcats of latter ages.

.^ddijon, Sfel}aiir,'ti<' z-jij.

ABO

To ABO'UND. Vi n. [abundo, Ltt. abonJer,
French.]

1. To have in great plenty; to be co-
pioufly ftored. It is ufed fometimes
with the particle in, and fometimes the
particle luiih.

The king-becoming graces,
I have no relilb of them, but abound
In the divifion of each fevetal crime,
Afting it many ways. Shakejpeare's Macbeth,

Com, wine, and oil, are wanting to this ground.
In which our countiies fruitfully abound.

Drydcn's Indian Emperor.

A faithful man fliall abound tvilb bleffings :
but he that maketh hafte tu be rich, fliall not be
innocent. Prov. xxviii. 20.

Now that languages are made, and abound with
words (landing for combinations, an ulual way of
getting complex ideas, is by the explication of
thofe terms that (land for them. Locke.

2. To be in great plenty.

And becaule iniquity (hall abound, the love of
many (hall wax cold. Matthew, xxiv. 12.

Words are like* leaves, and where they moft
abound.
Much fruit of fenfe beneath is rarely found.

Pope's EJJay on Criticiftn.

ABO'UT. frep. [abutan, or aburon. Sax.

which feems to fignify encircling on the

outfide.]
I. Round, furrounding, encircling.

Let not mercy and truth forlake thee. Bind
them about thy neckj write them upon the table
of thy heart. Proverbs, iii. 3.

She cries, and tears her cheeks,
Her hair, her veft j and, (looping to the fands,
Mout his neck (he cad her trembling hands.

Dry den's Fables.

z. Near to.

Speak unto the congregation, faying, get you
up from about the tabernacle of Korah, Dathan,
and Abiram. Exodus.

Thou doft nothing, Sergius,
Thou cand endeavour nothing, nay, not thin?:, j
But I both fee and hear it; and am with thee.
By and before, about and in thee too.

Ben yonf. Cataline.

. Concerning, with regard to, relat-
ing to.

When Conrtantine had (inifhed an houfe for
the fervice of God at Jcrufalem, the dedication
he judged a matter not unworthy, about the fo-
Icmn performance whereof, the greatcft part ol
the bifliopsin Chriftendom (hould meet together.

Hooker.
The painter is not to take fo much pains about
the drapery as about the face where the principal
refemblance lies. Drydrn.

They arc moft frequently ufed as words equi-
valent, and do both of tliem indifferently fignify
either a fpeculative knowledge of things, or a
praftlcal (kill about them, according to the exi-
gency of the matter or thing fpoken of.

^ill.t. Sermon i.
Theft is always a fin, although the particular
fpecies of it, and the denomination of particular
a^s, doth fuppofe pofitivelawstf^cur dominion and
property. SiilUn^Jlcct.

Children (hould always be heard, and fairlj and
kindly anfwcred, when they afk after any thing they
would know, and defire to be informed abcut.
Curiofity (hould be as carefully cheridied in chil-
dren, as other appetites fupprefled* Locke.
It hath been pra^ifed as a method of making
men's court, when they are a(ked abiut the ratr
of lands, the abilities of tenants, the (late of
trade, to anfwer that all things are in a flourifh-
ing condition. Sivift's Short yie^u of Inland.

^. In a ftate of being engaged in, or em-
ployed upon.

Our blelfed Lord was pleafed to command the
rcprefentation of his death and facrilice on the
crofi (hould be made by bieaking of bread and

ABO

elTufion of wine ; to fignify to ui the nature anl
facrednefs of the liturgy we an about. Taykr.

Labour, for labour's fake, is againll nature.
The underftanding, as well as all the other fa-
culties, choofcs always the /horted way to iu
end, would prefently obtain the knowledge ir is
about, and then fet upon fome new enquiry. But
this, whether laainefs or hafte, often mKleada
«• Locie.

Our armies ought to be provided with fecre-
Urics, to tell their ftory in plain tngliih, and to
let us know, in our mother tongue, what it is
our brave countrymen are about.

Mdifin. Spelt. N" 309.

5. Appendant to the perfon ; as deaths.

If you have this about jou.
As I will give you when we go, you may
Boldly affault the necromancer's hall.

Milton's Comus,

It is not ftrange to me, that perfons of the

fairer fex (hould like, in all things about them,

that handfomenefs for which they find themfelves

moft liked. Boyle on Colours.

6. Relating to the perfon, as a fervant, or

dependant.

Liking very well the young gentleman, fuch I
took him to be, admitted this Deiphantus about
roe, who well (hewed, there is no fervice like hi*
that ferves becaufe he loves. Sidney, b. ii.

7. Relating to perfon, as an aft or office.

Good coiporal, for my old dame's fake, ftand
my friend : (he hath no body to do any thing
about her when I am gone, and die is old and can-
not^ help herl'clf. Sbakcjpeare's Henry IV.
Abo'ut. ati'v.

I. Circularly, in a round ; eircum.
The weyward fiders, hand in hand,
Pofters of the fea and land.
Thus do go about, about.
Thrice to thine, and thrice to mine.
And thrice again to make up nine.

Sbakefp, Macleti.

:. In circuit, in compafs.

I'll tell you what I am about. — Two yards and
more.— No quips now, Piftol : indeed I am in
the waid two yards about} but I am about no
wade, I am about thrift. Shake/pearl.

A tun about was ev'ry pillar there,
A polifh'd mirrour (hone not half fo clear.

Diyd. Fables.
j. Nearly; circiler.

When the boats were come within about fixty
yards of the pillar, they found themfelves all
bound, and could go no farther; yet fo as they
might move to go about, but might not approach
nearer. Bacon's New yitalantis.

J.. Here and there ; every way ; circa.
Up role the gentle virgin from her place,
And looked all about, if (he might fpy
Her lovely knight.

Fairy Sluecn, b. i. cant. 'u. Jlanx, 33.

A wolf that was pad labour, in his old age,

borrows a habit, and (b about he goes, begging

charity from door to door, under the difguife of a

pi'gfim. L'E/lrange,

5. With to before a verb ; as, about to fly,
upon the point, within a fmall dirtance
of.

Thefe dying lovers, and their floating fons,
Sufpend the fight, and filence all our guns :
Beauty and youth, abjut to pcrilh, finds
Such ncble pity in brave Englilh minds. Waller,

6. Round ; the longeft way, in oppofition
to the Ihort llraight way.

Gold had thefe natures; gieatnefs of weight;
dofenefs of parts ; fixation; pliantncfs, or I'oft-
ncfs ; immunity from raft ; colour, or tindlure
of yellow: Therefore the fure way (though mod
about) to make golcl,>s to know the caulcs of the
fevcral natures before rehearftd.

Baccn'i Natural Hift. N" yii.
Spies ot the Volfcians
Held me ia chacc, that i was forced to wheel

Three

A B R

Three or faar miles aiout ; elk h«J I, Sir,
Hall an hour fince brought my report.

_ Sbakrfp, Corklanu$,

7. To bring about ; to bring to the point
or ftate defired ; as, he has brought about
his furpofes,

Wiiether this will be brought aioof, by breaking
his Iiead, I very much queition. Spfdanr.

8. To come about ; to ccjie to fbme certain
iiate or point. It has commonly the
idea of revolution, or gyration.

Wherefore it cime to pals, when the time was
come ahcu!, alter Hannah had conceived, that (he
*>"« ' fo"- I Snm. i. 20.

One evening it befel, that looking out,
The wind they long had wirtid was come aio/,/ ;
Well pleas'd they went to reft ; and if the gale
Till morn continu'd, both refolv'd to fall.

Dryd.Falila.

9. To go about ; to prepare to do it.

Did not Mofes give you the law, and yet none
o( you keepeth the law ? Why go ye about to kill

^^ • y^b"t vii. 19,

In common language, they fay, to

come about a man, to circum-vent him.
Some of thefe phrafes feem to derive

their original from the French a bout ;

'veitir a bout d'une cho/e ; njcnir a bout de

quelqu'un.
A. Bp. for Archbifhop ; which fee.
^BRACADA'BRJ. A fuperftitious charm

againft agues.
To ABRA'DE. v. a. [abrado, Lat.] To

rub off ; to wear away from the other

parts ; to wafte by degrees.

By thi« itieanj there may be a continued fap-
ply of what IS lucccflively ahradid from them by
dccurfinn of wale t. Hale.

Abraham's Balm. The name of an

herb.
Abra'siom. (I./ [See Abrade.]

1. The adl of abrading, or rubbiog off.

2. [In medicine.] The wearing away of
the natural mucus, which covers the
membranes, particularly thofe of the
ftomach and guts, by corrofive or Iharp
medicines, or humours. ^'>uincy.

3. The matter worn off by the attrition of
bodies.

ABRE'AST.a^/t;. [See Breast.] Side by
fide ; in fuch a pofition that the breads
may bear againft the fame line.

My coufin Suffolk,
My foul (hall thine keep company to hcav'n !
Tarry, fweet foul, for mine, then fly abrraft.

_ . Xhakrff. H,nry V.

For hon.iur travels in a Sreight fo narrow.
Where one but goes abicajl,

_, . Stakcff.TnUuiandCreJpJa.

The riders rode abrtaft, and one his (hielH,
His lance of cornel wood another held.

4. _ Drydtn't Fttla.

ABRicoT. See Apricot.

To nRI'DGE. -v. a. [abreger, Fr. abbre-

•vio, Lat.]
I. To make Ihorter in words, keepine

ftill the fame fubftance.

All thefe fayings, being declared by Jafm of
Cyrene in 6ye books, we will effay to abridit in
one volume. i Af^rr.ii. 23.

3. To contraa, to diminifti, to cut (hort.

. 7,^' determination of the will, upon enouiry,
IS following the direftion of that guide : and he,
that ha. a power to aO or not to aft, according
as fuch determination direfls, i. free. Such de-
termination abridga not that power wherein li-
berty confifts. Loikc

3. To deprive of ; to W off from. In"
Vol. I.

A B R

which fenfe it is followed by the particle
from, or of, preceding the thing uken
away.

I have difaWed mine eftate.
By (hewing fomcthing a more fwelling poit.
Than my faint means would grant continuance ;
Nor do I now make moan to be abridgd
From fuch a noble rate.

Shaktjpcare'i Merchant of Venice.
They were formerly, by the common law, dif-
charged from pontage and murage j but this pri-
vilege has been abridrid them fince by fe>eral
ftatutes. Ayhfe~! PaiergcK Jurn CwrMci

AhKi DGED OF. fa-t. Deprived of, de-
barred from, cut fliort,
Abri'dger. n.f.

1. He that abridges ; a Ihortener.

2. A writer of compendiums or abridg-
ments,

A B R i'd G M E N T. »./. [abregcfnent, French.]

1. The epitome of a larger work con-
tradled into a fmall compafs ; a com-
pend ; a fummary.

Surely this commandment containeth the law
and the prophets; and, in thi; one word, is the
abridgment of alt volumes of Icripture.

Hookcry b. ii. ^ 5.
Idolatry is certainly the firft-born of folly, the
great and leading paradox ; nay, the very abridg-
ment and fum total of all abfu.ditics.

. Soutb*s Sermon:,

2. A diminution in general.

All trying, by a love of littlcncfs,
To make abrid^menti, and to draw to lefs.
Even that nothing, which at firft wc were.
_^ . Dcnne.

3. Contraction ; redudion.

The conftant delire of happincfs, and the con-
ftraint it puts upon Us, no body, I think, ac-
counts an abridgment of liberty, or at lead an
abridgment of liberty to be complained of. Locke.

4. Rertraint from any thing pleafing ;
contraftion of any thing enjoyed.

It is not barely a man's abridgment in his ex-
ternal accommodations which makes him mife-
rable, but when his confcieoce (hall tell him that
It was his fin and his folly which brought him
under that abridgment. South.

Abro'ach. ad'i/. [See 7"o Broach.]

1. In a pofture to run out, or yieltl the
liquor contained; properly fpoken of
vefibls.

The jars of genVous wine
He fet abroach, and for the fcaft prepar'd.

Dryd. Virgil.
TheTempler fpnice, while ev'ry (foui'tabroach.
Stays till 'tis fair, jet feems to call a coach.

S-wifi't Mifcel.

2. In a figurative fenfe ; in a ftate to be
diffufed or extended, in a ftate of fuch
beginning as promifes a progrefs.

That man, that fits within a monarch's heart.
And ripens in the funlhinc of his favour.
Would he abufr the count'nance of the king.
Alack ! what mifchiefs might be let abroach.
In (hadow of fuch greatncfs !

, Shakefprari't Henry IV.p.W.

Abroad, adv. [compounded of a and
broad. See Broad.]

1. Without confinement; widely; at large.

Intermit no watch
Againft a wakeful foe, while I abroad.
Thro' all the coafts of dark dcrtruclion feek
Ucliverancp. Mihon'i Paradife Loft, b. ii. /. 463.

Again, the lonely fox roams (it abroad.
On Itcret rapine bent, and midnight fraud;
Now haunts the cli(r, now traver(es the lawn.
And flies the hated neighbourhood of man. Prior.

2. Out of the houfe.

Welcome, Sir,
This cfU'« my coyrt ; here h»v« I few attendants.

A B R

And fubjefts t\one abroad. Shaicfpeare'iTcmpeJl,
Lady — walked a whole hour abroad, with-
out dying after it, Pope's Letters.

3. In another country.

They thought it better to be fomewhat hardly
yoked at home, than for ever abroad, and difcre-
dited. Hooker, Prrf.

Whofoever olTers at verbal tranflatioii, (hall
have the misfortune nf that young traveller, who
loft his own language abroad, md brought home
no other inftead of it. Sir J. Denham-

What learn our youth abroad, but to refine
The homely vices of tlieir native land ?

Dryd. Span. Friar,

He who fojoums in a foreign country, relera
what he krs and hears abroad, to tlie ftate of
things at home. _ Atfrrb. Serm.

4. In all dire<5lio!is, this way and that ;
with wide expanfion.

Full in the midft of this infernal road.
An elm difplays her dulky arms abroad,

Dryd, Virg, Mh, Tl.

5. Without, not within.

Bodies politic, being fubjcdl, as much as na-
tural, to dili'olurion, by divers means, there are
undoubtedly more ftatcs overthrown through dif-
oaiei bred within themlelves, than through vio-
lence from abroad. Hooker, Dedication.

To A'BROGATE.i-.a. [abrogo, La.t.] Ta
take away from a law its force ; to re-
peaL; to annul.

Laws have been made upon fpecial occafions,
which occailons cealing, laws of that kind do ab~
rotate themlelves. Hooker, b. iv. (j 14.

The negative precepts of men may ccafe by
rnany inftrumcnts, by contrary cuftoms, by pub-
lic difrelilh, by long omiflion : but the negative
precepts of CoJ never can ceafe, but when they
are exprefsly abrogated by the fame authority.

Taylor's Rule of living holy,
Abro'gation. n.f. [abrogatio, Lat.]
The ad of abrogating ; the repeal of S
law.

The commi/Tionen from the confederate Ro.
man catholics, demanded the ahregatioinnA repeal
or all thofe laws, which were in force againft the
exercife of the Roman religion. Clarendon, b. viii.
Ta Abro'ok. <v. a. [from To brook, with
^ fuperabundant, a word not in ufe.]
To brook, to bear, to endure.

Sweet Nell, ill can thy noble minJ abrott
The abjcd people gazing on thy face
With envious looks, ftill laughing at thy (hnme.
Shake/peare's Henry VI. p. ii.

ABRU'PT. adj. [abruftus, Lat. broke*
off.]

1. Broken, craggy.

Refiftlcls, roaring, dreadful, down it come*
From the rude mountain, and the mo4ry wild.
Tumbling through rocks abrupt. ThomJ. fVintfr,

2. Divided, without any thing intervening.

Or fprcad his airy flight.
Upborn wi^h indefatigable wings.
Over the vaft abrupt, ere he arrive
Tlic happy ide.

Milton's Paradife Loft, A ii. /. 409s

3. Sudden, without the cuftomary or pro-
per preparatives.

My lady craves
To know the caufe of your aira^r departure.

Shakefpeart.

The abrupt and unkind breaking off the two

(irft parliaments, was wholly imputed to the duke

of Buckingham. Clarendon,

Abrupt, with eagle-fpeed (he cut th« flcy j
Inftant invifible to mortal eye.
Then (irft he recognii'd th' ethereal gueft.

Pope's Odyff. b, !,

4. Unconnefted.

The abrupt ftile, which hath many breache%
and doth not fccm to end but fall.

Btn Jonjon't Difcoverj.
C AfiRv'pTeU.

A B S

Abhu'pteo. aJj. [ahruptui, Lat. a word
little in ufe.] Broken off fuddenly.

The tffcCti of their afl. . ity »r« not prccipi-
toudy atmftal, but grjdunlly proceed to their
ccfTitions. Bntvii'i Vulgar F.rnurt, h. vi. lo.

Abru'ption. »./[a^-«,v/(>,Lat.] Break-
ing ofF, violent and fudden reparation.

Thofe which are inclofcd in rtone, marble, or
fuch other fdid matter, being difficultly feparable
from it, becaufe of its adhefion to all fides of
them, ba»e commonly fome of that matter ftill
adhering to them, or at leaft marks of its «i-
npiiiti from them, in all their fides.

H'rtil'aHird'i Nal. Uift. p. 4-

ABRu'pTLY.a/f. [See Abrupt.] Haf-
tily, without the due forms of prepara-
tion.

The fvreetnefs of virtue's difpofition, jealous
nen over itfclf, fuffered her not to enter ahrufily
into queftions of Mufidorus. Sidney, h.W.

Novn miffing from their joy fo lately found,
So lately found, and fo abruptly gone.

Par. Regained, h, il.
They both of them punftually obfervcd the
time thus agreed upon, and that in whatever com-
pany or bufinefs they were engaged, they left it
atruplh, as foon as the clock warned them to
retire. yiddijoit, Sfeflalor, tt" z^i.

Abru'ptness. »./ [from airuft.]
I. An abrupt manner, halle, fuddennefs,

ujitimely vehemence.
3. The ftate of an abrupt or broken thing ;
roughncfs, cragginefs ; as of a fragment
violently disjoined.

The cryftalliied bodies found in the perpendi-
cular intervals, have always their root, as the jew-
ellers call it, whicl\ is only tlie airufrne/s, at ihc
end of the body whereby it adhered to the ftonc,
or fides of the intervals; which ahruftne/i is
cauled by its being broke off from the faid ftone.
lymdiv. Nat, Hiji.f. 4.

A'bscess. »./. [ahfceffui, Lat.] A mor-
bid cavity in the body ; a tumour filled
with matter ; a term of chirurgery.

If the patient is not relieved, nor dies in eight
days, the inflammation ends in a fimpuration and
an abjeeft in the lungs, and fometimes in fome
other part of the body. Arbuth. of Diet.

Lindanus conjcfturcd it might He fome hidden
ebftefi in the mefenlery, which, breaking fome
few days after, was difcovered to be an apoftem of
the mcfentery. Harvey w Confumptiom.

To Absci'nd. oi. a. To cut off, either
in a natural or figurative fenfe.

ABSCrSSA. [Lat.] Part of the diame-
ter of a conic fedion, intercepted be-
tween the vertex and a femi -ordinate.

Absci'ssion. n.f. \_abfc}JJio, Lat.]

I . The aft of cutting off.

Fabricius ab Aquipendente renders the abfcif-
Jim of them difficult enough, and not without
danger. Hfifeman's Surgery.

X. The (late of being cut off.

By cefTation of oracle;, with Montacutius, wc
may u.idcrfland this inteicilian, not ahfcij^m, or
confummate defolaiion.

Brown's y^Igar Errours, h. vi. e. it.

To ABSCCyND. -v.n. [ah/condo, Lat.] To
hide one's felf ; to retire from the pub-
lic view : generally nfed of perfons in
debt, or criminals iluding the law.

The macrootte or mas alpinut, w'.iich ahfcindt all
winter, liv-:" on its own Ut ; for ia autumn, when
it fhbU itfelf up in iu hole, it is very fa:; hit
in the fprlog-time, when it cumes forth again, very
lean. Ray on the Creation.

Absco'nder. n./. [£.-osa at/conJ.] The

perfon that abfconds.
A'ssENCk. «./ [Sec Absent.]
I

A B S

1. The Rate of being abfettt, oppofed to
prefence.

Sir, 'tis fit
You hxve ftrong party to detend yourfelf
By calmuefs, or by abfence: all's in danger.

Sbakcjpeare^ i Coriolanut*
His friends beheld, and pity'd him in vain.
For what advice can eafe a lover's pain ?
Ahjtnte, the belt enpedient they c^iuld find.
Might bve the fortune, if not cure the mind.

Dryd.Fab.

You have given no dilTertation upon the ab-

feme of lovers, nor laid down any methods how

they diould fupport theinfelves under thofe fcpa-

rations. j-lMiifon, Spe^atcr, t^° ztyi.

2. Want of appearance, in the legal fenfe.

MJence is of a fourfold kinji or fpccies. The
firft is a neccflTary abfence, as in baniihed pcifons ;
this is entirely neceffary. A fccond, neceflary
and voluntary ; as, upon the account of the com-
monwealth, or in the fervice of the church.
The third kind the civilians call a probable ab-
fence; as, that of Undents on the fcore of ftudy.
And the fourth, an ai/<rnf« entirely voluntary ; as,
on the account of trade, merchandife, and the
like. Some add a fifth kind of abfence, which is
committed cum dolo fif culpa, by a man's non-
appearance on a citation ; as, in a contumacious
perfon, who, in hatred to his contumacy, is, by
the law, in fome refpe^s, reputed as a perfon pre-
fcnt. Ayl'tffc's Parergon Juris Canonici.

3. Inattention, heedleffnefs, negleft of the
prefent objeft.

I continued my walk, rcfleSing on the I'ttle
abfences and diftradlions of mankind.

Addifon, SpeSiator, N° 77.

4. It is ufed with the particle/rom.

His abjence from his mjther oft he'll mourn.
And, with his eyes, look wifhes to return.

Dryd. Juv. Sat. ii.

A'BSENT. fl^-. [a/5>/, Lat.]

1. Not prefent: ufed with the particle
y)-om.

In fpring the fields, in autumn hills I love ;
At morn the plains, at noon the fhady grove ;
But Delia always : abfentfrom her fight.
Nor plains at morn, nor groves at noon delight.

Popc'tPafl.

Where there is advantage to be given.
Both more and lefs have given him the revolt ;
And none fervc with him but conftraincJ things,
Whofe hearts are abjent too. Stake/p. Macbeth.

Whether they were abfcnt or prefent, they were
vexed alike. If^fJ. xi. 11.

2. Abfent in mind, inattentive ; regard-
lefs of the prefent objeft.

I diftinguifh a min that is abfcnt, becaufe he
thinks of fomething clfe, from him that is aijeni,
becaufe he thinks of nothing.

Mdifon, SpeHator, N° 77.

To Abse'nt. v. a. To withdraw, to for-
bear to come into prefence.

If thoa didft ever hold me in thy heart,
Mjtnt thee from felicity a while.
And in this harfli world draw thy breath in pain.
To tell my tale. Shakejpenre i Hamlet,

Co.— for thy ftay, not free, abfenis thee more.

Ml/ton I Paradife Loft, b.\x. I. 372.
Tho' I am forc'd thus to a!>frnt myfelf
From all I love, I Qiall contrive fome means.
Some friendly intervals, to vifit thee.

Southern's Spartan Dame,

The ^engo it ftlll called together in cafes of

important; and if, after due fummons, any

member ahfenis himfelf, he is to be fined to the

' value of about a penny Engtith.

Addifon's Remarks on Italy,

Absent a'neous. aJj, Relating to ab-
fence ; abfent. Did.

Ausente'e. It./. He that is abfent from
his llation or employment, or country.
A word ufed commonly with regard to
IriQimen living out of their country.

A B S

Then w»l the firft ftatute made agaioft ahfmttei,
commanding all fuch as had land in Ireland, to
return and refide tlie«upon.

S:r yobn Davies en Irelard*
A f real part of ellaDes io Ireland are ownei by
abfeniat, and fuch as draw over the profits raifed
out of Irrland, refunding notlung.

Child's Di/coarfe en Trade, ,
Absi'nthi ATED. fart, [(rova ai/iiilhitim,
Lat. wormwood.] Imbittercd, impreg-
nated with wormwood. DUi,
To Absi'st. nj. It. [aifi/o, L^t.] To Hand
off, to leave off. />'<*•
To ABSCLVE. i). a. [ab/olvo, Lat.]

1. To clear, to acquit of a crime in a ju-
dicial fenfe.

Your great goodnefs, out of holy pity,
Abjulv'd him with an axe. Shakrjp, Henry VIII.

Our vidlort, bleftin peace, forget their wars.
Enjoy pad dangers, and abfilve the ftars. Tickell.

As he hopes, and gives out, by the influence of
his wealth, to be here abfil-ved ; in condemning
tliis man, you have an opportunity of belying
that general fcandal, of rediiiir.lng the cr-dit loli
by former judgments. Stvift's Mifelltmej.

2. To fet free from an engagement or
promife.

Compell'd by thrratJ to take that bloody oath.
And the aft ill, I am abfoh'd by both.

IVatlers Maid's Tragedy,
This command, which muft neceffarily com-
prehend the perfons of our natural fathers, muft
mean a duty we owe them, diHinft from our obe-
' dience to the magiflrate, and from which the
mjft abfolute power of princes cannot ahfolvt
us. . . Laete.

3. To pronounce fin remitted, in the ec-
clefiaftical fenfe.

But all is calm in this eternal fleep ;
Here grief forgets to groan, and love to weep ;
Ev'n fupcrftition lofes ev'ry fear ;
For God, not man, abfohes our frailties here.

Pope's Eloifa to Aitlari,

4. To finilh, to complete. This ufe is
not common.

What caiife
MoT'd the Creator, in his holy reft
Through all eternity, fo late to build
In chaos ; and the work begun, how foon
Ahjolv'd, Milton's Paradije LoH, b. vii. /. 94.

If that which is fo fuppoled infinitely dillant
from what is now current, is d'ftant from us by
a finite interval, and not infinitely, then that on*
circulation wiiich preceded it, muft necelTarily be
like ours, and confcquently abjolved in the fpace
of twenty-four hours. Hale's Origin of Mankind,
A'bsolute. ezif/, [ahfolutus, Lat.]

1. Complete; applied as well to perfons
as things.

Beciule the things that proceed from him art
perfedl, without any manner of defeft or maim ;
it cannot be but that the words oi his mouth ate
alfolute, and lack nothing which they fliouid have,
for performance of that thing whrreunto they
tend. Hcokcr, i. ii. ^ 6.

What is his ftrength by land ? —
—Great and increafing : but by fea
He is an aiflule miftcr. '

Shakefpeare's Antony and Cleopatra,

2. Unconditional ; as, an abfolute promife:

Although it runs in forms alf'uie, yet it ij
indeed conditional, as depending upon the qualifi-
cation of the perfon to whom it is pronounced.

S'Mth'i Sermmi,

3. Not relative ; as, abfolute fpace.

I fee ftill the diftinQions of fovert'ign and in-
ferior, of abhlute and relative worlhip, will bear
any man out in the worrtiip of any creature with
rcfpcfl to Cod, as well at leaft as ic doth in the
worlhip of images.

HiiHingf. Def, of Dife. m Rom, Idol,

An abfolute mode is that which belongs to ic«

fubjeil, without rcfpeft to any other biings what'.

locvet J

A B S

ftntr; but > relative mode is derived from the
regird that one being has to othert.

fKitts's Lsgici,

In this fenfe we fpeak of the ablative
cafe ahfoiute in grammar.

4. Not limited ; as, ahfohite power.

My crown is ahj(^viey a^ holds of none;
I cannot in a bale fubjeftion live.
Nor fuffcr you to take, tho' I would give.

Dryd, Ud. Emp.

5. Pofitive ; certain ; without any hefita-
tion. In this fenfe it rarely occurs.

Long is it fince I faw him,
But time hath nothing blurr'd thofc lines of favour,
Which then he w.:re; the fnatches in his voice.
And burtl of fpcaking, were as his : I'm ahfoiute,
'Twas very Cl<iten, Shakeflieare^i Cymbefwe.

A'bsolutei.y. aJ'v. [from abfoluteJ]
1. Completely, without reftriftion.

All the conirad^^ions which grow in thofe
mind-:, that neither cbfoiutely climb the roclc oi
Ttrtue, nor freely Gnlc into the fea of vanity.

Sidney,

What merit they can build upon having joined
with a proteliant army, under a king they ac-
knowledge, to defend their own liberties and pro-
perties, !», to me, ahJrJvtety inconceivable ; and,
1 believe, will equally be fo i^r ever.

Sic'iji's Vrijh. Plea.

z. Without relation ; in a ftate uncon-
neded.

Alj'Auuly we cannot difcommend, we cannot
abjr)iutely approve either willingnefs to live, or for-
wardncfs to die, hooker, b, v.

Thefe then being the perpetual caufes of leal ;
the grejtcft good, or th-: grcateft evil; cither o^-
fblu'ely fo in th^mtelvc, or relatively fo to usj it
is theieforeg'vd to bezealoully aSe^ed for the one
agiinft the titlicr. Sfrofs Sermoai.

■No fenfible quality, as light, and colour, and
heat, and found, can be lublilrent in the bodies
themfelves, uhjolutely coadticred, wirhouta relation
to our eyes and ears, and other orgini of fenle.
Thefe qualities are only the efiedls of our fenfa-
tlor, which ariic from the different motions, upon
our nervcv from ol.jefts without, according to
•heir various modiiicationa and pofitions.

Ecntley^i Sermonu

3. Without limits or dependance.

The prnvc long time bad courted fortune's love,
But, once puli(!.i'd, did jbfclurely reign :
Thus, with their Arnazons, the heroes drove.
And coiT^uer'd fiill thofe beauties they would gain.
Drydm'i jliiTtut M:rabilii.

4. Without condition.

And of that nature, for the mnft part, are
things abfilutely anto all men's filvation neccffary,
either to be held or denied, either to be done 01
avoided. Jlccier'i Preface.

5. Peremptorily; pofitively.

Being as I am, why didll not thoa
Command me abj^lutrly not to go,
Going into fuch danger, as thou fiidft }

Farad. X-c^, h. Ix.
A'bsoluteness. n.f.\^\om.abfjMt.'\

1. Completenefs.

2. Freedom from dep£ndance, or limits.

The abjotuttneji and illimitednefs of his com-
irJlTiun was generally much fpoken of.

Clarendon, b. viii.

There is nothing that can raife a man to that
generous abfo'utinejt of condition, as neither to
ctingc, to fawn, or to depend meinly ; but that
wbich gives hiin that happinefs within himfelf, for
which men depend upon othersi Seulb'i Serm.

3. Defpoticifm.

He kept a ftrait hand on his nobility, and chofe
rather to ailvance clergymen and lawyers, which
were more obfcquinus to him, but had lefs inti.-eft
in the people ; which made for his abjotuieneft, but
not for his fafety. Bacon'i Henry VII

They dref? up ^ower with all the fplendor and
temptation abfilutrr-js can add to it. Lo it.

Absolu'tion. «./ [ai/hlulie, Lat.]

A B S

1. Acquittal.

jibjohithn, in the civil law, imports a full ac-
quittal of a perfon by fome final fenience of law ;
alfo, a temporary difchargc of his farther atten
dance upon a mefne procefs, though a failure or
defeft in pleading j as it does likewifc in the canon
law, where, and among divines, it likcwife figni-
fies a relaxation of him from the obligation of
fome fentence pronounced either in a court of l.iw,
or eife \nforo paemteniiol'i. Thus there is, in this
kind of law, one kind of ahjohuton, termed ju-
dicial, and another, ftyled a declaratory or extra-
judicial abjotution^

Ayliffe'i Parergon Jur'n Canor.ici.

2. The remiflion of fins, or penance, de-
clared by ecclefiaftical authority.

The abjalutkji pronounced by a prieit, whether
papiftor proicftant, is nota certain infallible ground
to give the perfnn, fo abfolved, confidence towards
God. Soutb't Sermons.

A'bsolutory. eie/J. [ab/olutorius , Lat.],
That which abfolves.

Though an abfoiiit'.ry fentence (hould be pro-
nounced in favour of the perlons, upon the ac-
count of nearnefs of blood ; yet, if adultery fliall
afterwards be truly proved, he may be ajain pro-
ceeded againll as an adulterer. A\!\^e'i Ptrergon.

^ nQfi f,i>T . adj . [SeeAssoNOus.] Con-
trary to reafon, wide from the purpofe.

A'bsbnous. adj. [ai/oims, Lzt. ill-found-
ing.] Abfurd, contrary to reaibn. It
is not much in ufe, and it may be
doubted whether it fhould be followed
by to or_/rj«.

To fuppofe an uniter of a middle conltitution,
that Ihculd partake of fome of the qualities ot
both, is unwarranted by any of our faculties j yea,
moft abjorous to our reafon.

Clanx'iile't Scepjis Siientijtea, c- 4.

To Abso'rb. f . a. \ahforbeo, Lat. preter.

abjorbed; part. pret. abjorbed, or ab-

forpt.]
I . To fwallow up.

Mofes imputed the deluge to the difiuption of
the abyfs ; and St. Peter to the particular conltitu-
tion of that earth, which made it obnoxious to be
abftrpt in water. Burn. Tbeory.

Some tokens fliew
Of fearlefs friendftirp, and their finking mates
Sullain ; vain love, tho" laudable, al.j'.rft
By a fierce eddy, they together found
The vaft profundity. Pbillift.

z. To fuck up. See Absorbfnt.

The evils that come of rxercife are that it doth
abforb and attenuate the moillurc of the body.

Bacon.
Suppofing theforementinnedconfumption fliould
prove fo durable, as to abforb and extenuate the
faid fanguine parts to an extreme degree, it ii
evident, that the fundamental parts mu^ necclfa-
riiy come into danger. Hanvey on Confum/nhni.
While we perfpire, we abforb the outward air.

Arbuthnot.
Abso'rbent. »./. \abforbem, Lat.]

A medicine that, by the foftnefs or
porofity of its parts, either cafes the
afperities of pungent humours, or dries
away fupcrfluous moillure in the body.

There is a third dafs of fubftances, commonly
called abforbentt ; as, the various kinds ai (hell-,
coral, chalk, crabi eyes, feft. which likewife laUc
an etftrvefccnce with aclds,and are therefore called
alkalis, though not fo properly, for they are not
f-ilts. Arbuthnot on Altmenti.

Abso'rpt. /«»-/. [{rom ab/orb.] Swallow-
ed up ; ufed as well, in a figurative
fenfe, of perfons, as, in the primitive,
of things.

W^iiat can you cxpe£l from a man, who has not
talked thefe five days? wb» is withdrawiog his

A B 9

thoughts, as far as he can, from all thi preftnt

wjild, its cuftoms and its manners, to be fully
poffiilVed and abforft in the part. Pope's Letters,

Abso'rption. )',yi [from fl^''"'^-] "^^^
&&. of fwallowing up.

It. was belowtlie dignity of thofe facred penmen,
or the Spirit of God that direQed them, to fliew
us the caufes of this difruption, or of this abfrp-
tion J this is left to the enquiries of men.

Burnet's Theory of the Earth.
To ABSTA'IN. t;. r. [abjiineo, Lat.] To
forbear, to deny one's felf any gratifi-
cation ; with the particle_/ro/».

If thou judge it hard and difficult,
Converfing, looking, loving, to abflain
Friminvc's due rites, nuptial embraces fweet;
And, with defires, to languiih without hope.

Miilon's Paradife Loft, b. I. /. 993.

To be perpetually lonjing, and impatiently dc-

firous of any thing, fo that a man cannot abftam

from it, is to lofe a man's liberty, and to become

a fervant of meat and drink, or fmoke.

'Taylor s Rule of Iwing bolyt
Even then the doubtful b;ilows fcarce abfiain
From the tofs'd vcflel on the troubled main.

. Drydens Vtrgil.

ABSTE'MIOUS. adj. {abjiemius, Lat.]
Temperate, fober, abftinent, refrain-
ing from excels or pleafur^s. It is ufed
of perfons ; as, an abjitmious hermit:
and of thiivgs ; as, an abjiemhus diet.
It is fpoken likewife of things that caufc
temperance.

The inllances of longevity are chiefly amongft
the abfiemious. Abftinencc in extremity will prove
a mortal dileafe; but the experiments of it ate
very rare. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

Clytorean ftreams the love of wine expel,
(Such is the virtue of th' abfierr.hu^ wk-W)
Whether the colder nymph that rules the flood,
Extinguiflies, and balks the drunken god :
Or that Mclampus (fo have fome alfur'd)
When the maJ Pi.-etides with charms he cur'd,
And pow'rful lierba, both charms and fimples call
Into the fober fpring, where itill their virtues laft.
Drydens Fables.

Abste'miously. adv. [from abjlemious.^
Temperately, foberly, without indul-
gence.
Abste'miousness. n. f. [See Abste-
mious.] The quality of being ablle-
mioi^.^
Abste'ntion. n.f. [fromab/fitteo, Lat.]
The ad of holding off, or reftraining ;
rellraint. Z>;V?,

To ABSTE'RGE. 'V. a. [abjlergo, Lat.]

To cleanfe by wiping ; to wipe.
Abste'rcient. adj. Cleanfing; having

a cleanfing quality.
To Abste'rse. [See Absterg-e.] To
cleanfe, to purify ; a word very little
in ufe, and lefs analogical than abjierge.
Nor will \vc affirm, that iron receivcth, in ths
ftomach of the oftrich, no alteration j but we fuf-
peit tills effeil rather from corrofion than digeA
tion J not any tendence to chilification by the na-
tural heat, but rather fome attrition from an acid
and" vitriolous humidity in the ftomach, which
may abflerfe and ihavc the fcorious parts thereof.
Br'jtvns Vulgar Errours, b. iii.

Abste'rsion. 11. j'. [abjlerjio, Lat.] The
aft of cleanfing. See Absterge.

Ahjlerfian is plainly a fcouring off, or incifion of
the more vifcous humours, and making the hu-
mours more fluid, and cutting between them and
the part; as is found in nitrous water, whicb'
fcoureth linen cloth fpcedily from the foulnefs.

Baccn's Natural Hifiory, N" 42,

Abstb'rsive. a<^'. [_(tQm abjltr^«.'\ That
C 2 hu

A B S

has the quality of abllerging or cleanf-
ing.

It is good, aftfr purging, to uTe apozrmes ana
brothi, not (o much opening as thofe ufed before
purging i but atfierfivt and mundiTving clyfttrs
alfo are good to conclude wkh, Co draw awajr the
reliquct of the humuuri>

Bacon's Natural Hifttry.
A tablet fttwd of that ahftirfi-ve tree.
Where /Ethiopi' fwarthy bird did build to ned.

Sir Jihn Dinbam,
There, many a flow'r ahjitrftyt grew.
Thy fav'rite flow'rs of yellow hue. S%vifi't MifccU
A'bstinence. «./ [abfiinentia, Lat.]

1. Forbearance of any thing; with the
particle _/r6«i.

Becaufe the ahjlinttice frcm a prefcnt pleafurc,
that offers itfelf, is a pain, nay, otti-ntimcs a ver)
great one : it is no wonder that that operates after
the fame manner pain does, and lefl'cns, in our
thoughts, what is future ; and fo forces us, as it
were, blindfold into its embraces. Locke.

2. Fading, or forbearance of nec«nary
food. It is generally diftinguifhed from
temperance, as the greater degree from
the lefj ; fometimes as fingle perform-
ances from habits ; as, a day of aifii-
nrnct, and a Life of temperance.

Say, can you fall ? your llomadu are too young :
And abfi'mcnce ingenders maladifel.

Shakefpeare's Lovis Labour Lop.
And the faces of tiiem, which have ufed ah-
Jlirnce, Ihall &ine above the ftars j whereas our
Ijces ihall be blacker than darkncfs.

1 EfJras, v'li. 55.
Religious men, who hither mull be fent
A^ awful guides of heavenly government ;
To teach you penance, falls, and abJi'mtMtf
la punifli bodies for the foul's ollence.

Drydms Indian Emf.

A'bstinency. n./. The fame with Ab-

ITIN'ENCE.

Were our rewards for the ahfiinencin, or riots,
of this prefent life, under the prejudices of Ihort
or fioite, the promifcs and threats of Chrifl would
lofe much of their virtue and energy.

Hammond^ I Fundam.
A'bstinenT. at//. \_abJHnens, Lat.] That
ufes abftinence, in oppofition to covet-
ous, rapacious, or luxurious. It is ufed
chiefly of perfons.
Absto'rt E D . adj. \abJ{ortus,'L^X..'\ Forced
• away, wrung from another by vio-
lence. DiS.
Te ABSTRA'CT. v. a. [abjlraho, Lat.]

1. To take one thing from another.

Could we abfiraB from thcfc pernicious efftfts,
and fuppofc this were innocent, it would be too
light to be matter of praile. Dtcay of Ficty.

2. To feparate by didillation.

Having dephlegmed fpirit of fait, and gently ab-
frarlcd the whole fpirit, there remaincth in the
retort a ftyptical fubftance. Soyii.

3. To feparate ideas.

Thofe who cannot dillinguifli, compaie, and
ahjirafi, would hardly be able to undcrlland and
make ufe of language, or judge or reafon to any
tolerab't degree. Locke.

4. To reduce to an epitome.

If wc Mfould fix in the memory the difcourfcs

we hear, or what we defign to fpcak, let us ab-

firad them into brief comprnds, and review them

often. H-'aitt'tlmp.ofibcMind.

A'bstract. adj. [abjlraaus. Lit. See

the verb To Abstract.] _
I. Separated from fomething elfe ; gene-
rally ufed with relation to mental per
ceptions ; as, abJiraH mathematics, ab-
firaH terms, in oppofition to concrete.

A B S

Mathismatics, in its latitude, li ufualty divided
Into pure and mixed. And though the pure do
handle only abfiraB quantity in general, as geo-
metry, arithmetic j yet that which is mixed, doth
confider the quantity of fome particular determi-
nate fubjefl. So allionomy handles the qumtity
of heavenly motions, mulic of founds, and me-
chanics of weights and puArrs.

tVilkxnii Malttmatical Magick.

jlbjirali terms fignify the mode or quality of
a being, without any regard to the fubjc^l in
which it is ; as, whitcnei's, roundnefs, length,
breadth, wifdom, mortality, life, death.

fyam'iLogick.

z. With the particle//»»f.

Another fruit from the confidering things in
themfelves, ahjlraft from our opinions, and other
men's notions and difcourfcs on them, will be,
that each man will purfue his thoughts in that
method, which will be mod agreeable to the na-
ture of the thing, and to his apprehcnlion of what
it fuggells to him. Locke.

A'bsthact. n./ [from the verb.]
I. A fmaller quantity, containing the vir-
tue or power of a greater.

You (hall there find a man, who is the abftraH
of all faults all men follow.

Shakefpearc' t Antony and Cleopatra.

If you are falfe, thefe epithets are fmall ;
You're then the things, and abfiraB of them all.

Drydcn'i Aur.

2. An epitome made by taking out the
principal parts.

When Miiemon came to the end of a chapter,
he recollefled the fentiments he had remarked j
fo that he could give a tolerable analyfis and ab-
firaB of every tteatife he had read, juft after he
had finiflied it. IVattCs Imp. of the Mind.

3. The ftate of being abftrafted, or dif-
joined.

The hearts of great princes, if they be confi-
dcred, as it were in abfiraB, without the neccf-
fity of dates, and circun3(lanc« of time, can
take no full and proportional pleafure in the ex-
ercife of any narrow bounty. H^otton.

.^BSTR a'xted. part. adj. [itomabjiracl.^

1. Separated; disjoined.

That fpace the evil one abfiroBcd ftood
From his own evil, and for the time remain'd
Stupidly good. Milton,

2. Refined, purified.
AbfiraBcd fpiritva) love, they like

Their fouls exhal'd. Donne.

3. Abftrufe ; difficult.

4. Abfent of mind, inattentive to prefent
objefts ; as, an ahjiraaed fcholar.

Abstra'ctedly. ad'v. With abftrac-
tion, fimply, feparately from all con-
tingent circumftances.

Or whether more ohfiraBedly we look.
Or on the writers, or the written book :
Whence, but from heav'n, could men unlkill'd in

arts.
In fevcral ages born, in fi!veral parts.
Weave fuch agreeing truths ? or how, or why
Should all confpire to cheat us with a lie ?
Unaik'd their paios, ungrateful their advice.
Starving tiwir gain, and martyrdom their price.

DtytUns Religio Laid.

Abstr a'ction. »._/! [abfiraSio, Lat.]
1 . The aft of abftrafting.

The word alfiraBitn lignifies a withdrawing
fome part of an idea from other parts of it ; by
which means fuch abftraOed ideas are formed,
as neither reprefent any thing corporeal or fpi-
ritual ; that is, any thing peculiar or proper to
mind or body. fKo.-rj'j Logick.

z. The ftate of being abftrafted.
5. Abfence of mind ; inattention.
+1 Difregard of worldly objefts.

4 hecmit wiiltet to be praifed for his ahfiraBion.
Vopt't Lctttn.

A B S

AB$TRA'cT«VE.a<^'.[fromfl/5/frfl(7.]Har-
ing the power or quality of abftrafting.

Abstra'ctly. adv. [from ab/lraS.] In
an abllraft manner, abfolutely, without
reference to any thing elfe.

MitKr abfiraBly and abfolutely confidered, can-
not have born aa infinite durition now pail and
expired. Bentley's Sermon*

Abstr a'ctness. n. /. [from ab/fraff.^
Subtilty ; feparation from all matter or
common notion.

I have taken fome pains to make plain and fa-
miliar to your thoughts, truths, which edablilhcd
prejudice, or the abfiraBnefi of the ideas themfelves,
mijjht render difficult. Licke*

Abstri'cted. part. adj. [abftri3ut, Lat.]
Unbound. Dia^

To Abstri'nce. v. a. Tounbind. Di3.

To ABSTRU'DE. -v. a. [abjirudo, Lat.]
To thruft off, or pull away. Z);<3.

Abstru'se. adj. \abjirufus, Lat. thruit
out of fight.]

1. Hidden.

Th' eternal eye, whofe fight difcerns
Abfirufefi thoughts, from forth his holy mount,
And from within the golden lamps that burn
Nightly before him, faw, without their light.
Rebellion riling.

Milton'i ParadifeLtfi, h.y, I. 71a.

2. Difficult ; remote from conception or
apprehenfion. It is oppofed to obvious
and eajy.

S'jfpakeour Sire, and by his countenance feem'd
Ent'ring on lludious thoughts abfiruje.

Paradtfe Lofi, b. viii.
The motions and figures within the mouth are
abfirufc, and not cafy to be didinguiflied, efpecially
thofe of the tongue, which is moved through the
help of many mufcles, fo eafily, and habitually,
and varioully, that we arc fcarce able to give a
judgment of motions and figures thereby framed.

Holder.
No man could give a rule of the greatell beau-
ties, and the knowledge of them w.^s fa abfiruje,
that there was no manner of fpeaking which could
exprefs them. ' Dryden'i Dufnfnoy.

Abstru'sely. adv. In an abllrufe man-
ner ; obfcurely, not plainly, or obvi-
oufly.
Abstru'se NESS. n.f. [from abfiru/e.'] Th«
quality of being abftrufe ; difficulty,
obfcurity.

It is not oftentimes fo much what the fcripture
fays, as what fome men perfuade others it fays,
that makes it feem obfcutv, and that as to fome
other palTages that are fo indeed, ftnce it is the
aifirufenejs of what is taught in them, that makes
them almoft inevitably fo ; it is little lefs faucy,
upon fuch a fcorc, to find fault with <hc dyle of
the fcripture, than to do fo with the author for
making us but men. Boyle on the Scripture*

.Abstru'sity. >t./. [from abjlru/e.']

1. Abftrufenefs.

2. That which is abftrufe. A word feldom
ufed.

Authors are alfo fufpicious, nor greedily to be
fwallowed, who pretend to write of fecrets, to de-
liver antipathies, fympathies, and the occult ab..
finijitici of things. Brvivn'' i Vulgar Errotin.

7e Ab su' M E . I", a. [abfumo, Lat. J To bring
to an end by a gradual walte ; to eat up.
An uncommon word.

That which had been burning an infinite time

could never be burnt, no not (a much as any part

of it ; for if it had burned part after part, the

whole mull needs be ab/umed in a portion of time.

Hale's Origin of Mankind.

ABSU'RD. adj. [ab/urdus, Lat.]

I. Unreafonable ; without judgment, at

, ufed of men.

Scetuing

ABU

_ Seeming wife men may make fliift to get apj.
■»ion i but let no man chuie them for employment;
for certainly ^ou had better take forbuCnefi a man
fomewhat ehjfurj, than over formal. Bacon,

A man, who cannot write with wit on a proper
fubjeft, is dull and ftupid ; but one, who {hews it
in an improper place, is as irnpeitinent and ai-
furd. Mdijin, Spiaater, N° zgu

2. Inconfiftent, contrary to reafon, ufed of
fentiments or pradices.

The thing itlelf appeared defirable to him, and
accordingly he could not but like and defire it •
but then, it was after a very irrational ai/urd way,
and contrary to all the methods and principles of
a rational agent; which ne%er wills a thing really
and properly, but it applies to the means, by which
it is to be acquired. Saatb's Sermtni.

But grant that thofe can conquer, thefc can cheat,
'Tis phrafe ahjuri to call a villain great :
Who wickedly is wife, or madly brave.
Is but the more a fool, the more a knave.

^ Pofe't Effay m Man.

Absu RDiTT. n./. [from ah/urd].

1, The quality of being abfurd ; want of
judgment, applied to men; want of
propriety, applied to things.

How clear foever this idea of the infinity of
number be, there is nothing more evident than
the ahfurdliy of the afluaj idea of an infinite
number. io^^,

2. That which is abfurd; as, his travels
were full of abfurditits. In which fenfe
it has a plural.

That fatisfadtion we receive from the opinion of
fome pre-eminence in ourfelves, when we fee the
atfurdiiiis of another, or when we reflea on any
part <ii/Br</m« of our own. Addihtj.

Absu'rdly. adv. [from ai/urd."] After
an abfurd manner ; improperly ; unrea-
fonably.

But man we find the only creature,
Who, led by folly, combats nature ;
Who, when (he loudly cries. Forbear,
With obftinacy fires there ;
And where his genius leaft inclines,
Ji/urdly bends his whole defigns. Sicift't Afifttl.
We may proceed yet further with the atheill,
and convince him, that not only his principle is
abfurd, but his confequences alfo as abfurdly de-
duced from it. B'niity't Scrmcni.
Absu'udwess. n.f. [hom ah/urd.] The
quality of being abfurd ; injudiciouf-
nefs ; impropriety. Sec Absurditv ;
which is more frequently ufed.
Abu'ndance. n.f. [aiondance, Fr.]
1. Plenty ; a fenfe chiefly poetical.

At the whifper of thy word,
Crown'd abundance fpreads my board. Crajhaw.

The doubled charge his fubjefts' love fupplies.
Who, in that bounty, to themfelves are kind j

So glad Egyptians fee their Nilus rife.
And, in hii plenty, their abundance find.

Drjd. Aniu Mir.

i. Great numbers.

The river Inn is fliut up between mountains,
covered with woods of fir-trees. Abundance of
peafants are employed in hewing down the largcft
of thefe tree*, that, after they arc barked and cut
into (hapr, are tumbled down. Add'ijun on Italy.

J. A great quantity.

Their chief entcrprize was the recovery of the
Holy Land ; in which worthy, but extremely dif-
ficult, ailion, it IS lamentable to remember what
abundance of noble blood hath been flied, with very
fmall benefit unto the.Chri(lian ftate.

Sir IValiir Raleigb'i £j/ayi.

4. Exuberance, more than enough.

For w.ll I wot, moi» mighty fovereign.
That all thii fan.ous antique hiftory.
Of fome, th' abundance ri an idle brain.
Will judged be, and painted forgery. Sfenfer.

Aiv'uDKHT.adJ. {abundant JLiX.1

ABU

I. Plentiful.

Good, the more
Communicated, more abundant grows ;
The author not impair'd, but honour'd more.

Paradiji Laji, b. v.

2. Exuberant.

If the veffels are in a ftate of too great rigidity,
fu as not to yield, a ftrong projcaile motion occa-
fions their rupture, and haemorrhages ; efpecially
in the lungs, where the blood is abundant.

Arbutbnitt an Aliments.

3. Fully ftored. It is followed fometimes
by in, commonly by tvitJb.

The world began but fome ages before thefe were
found out, and was abundant -with all things at
firft ; and men not ver)- numerous ; and therefore
were not put fo much to the ufe of their wits, to
find out wain for living commodioufly. Burmt.

4. It is applied generally to things, fome-
times to perfons.

The Lord, the Lord God, merciful and gracious,
long-fuffering and abundant in goodnefs and truth.
Exod. xxxiv. 6.
Abu'ndaktly. ay-i;. [iiom abundant.]

1 . In plenty.

Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving
creature that hath life. Genrfs, i. 20.

God on thee
Abundantly his gifts hath alfo pour'd ;
Inward and outward both, his image fair.

Paradife Lafl, b.vm.

2. Amply, liberally, more than fufficiently.

Ye faw the French tongue abundantly purified.

XI • sprat.

Heroic poetry has ever been efteemed thegreatelt
work of human nature. In that rank has Ariftotle
placed it; and Longinus is fo full of the like ex-
prcfTions, that he abundantly confirms the other's
teftimony. . Drydcns State 0/ Innocence, Pref.

What the example of our equals wants of au-
thority, is abundantly fupplied in the imaginations
of friendfliip, and the repeated influences of a
conftant converfation. Rogers', Serm.

To ABU'SE, 'V. a. [abutor, abufui, Lat.]
In abu/e, the verb, / has the found of
X ; in 'the noun, the common found.

1 . To make an ill ufe of.

They that ufe this world, as not abufng it; for
the fafliion of this world paffeth away.

_, , . I Cor, vii. 31,

He has fixed and determined the time for our
repentance, beyond which he will no longer await
the perverfenefs of men, no longer fufter his com-
panion to be abujed. Rogers', Sermons.

2. To violate ; to defile.

Arachnc figured how Jove did abuji
Europa like a bull, and on his back
Her through the fea did bear. Spenjer.

3. To deceive ; to impofe upon.

He perhaps.
Out of my weaknefs and my melancholy.
As he is very potent with fuch fpirits,
Abujes me to damn me. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.

The world hath been much abufed by the opinion
of making gold : the work itfelf I judge to be
poflible ; but the means hitherto propounded, are,
in the pradlicc, full of error.

Bacon's Natural Hiftory, N" ji6.

It imports the mifreprefentation of the qualities
of things and aflions, to the common apprehen-
fions of men, abufing their minds with falfe no-
tions ; and fo, by this artifice, making evil pafi
for good, and good for evil, in all the^reat concerns

ii"'K- -l. „ L, South- s Sermons.

Nor be with all thefe tempting words abus'd;
Thefe tempting words were all to Sappho us'd.

4. To treat with rudenefs ; to reproach.

I am no ftrumpel, but of life as honed
As you that thus abuje me. Shakefp. Othello.

But he mocked them, and lauglied at them,
and <ii»/<i them Ihamcfully, and fpake proudly.

] Mac, vii. 34.

ABU

Some praife at morning what they blame atnighl^
But always think the laft opinion right.
A mufe by thefe is like a mirtrefs us'd.
This hour /he's idolii'd, the next abus'd.

Pope's EJfmy on Criticifm^

The next criticifm feems to be introduced for
no other reafon, but to mention Mr. BickerftafF,
whom the author every where endeavours to imi-
tate and abufe. Addjfoit.

Abu'se. «.'/. [from the verbal//?.]

1 . The ill ufe of any thing.

The calling away things proHtable for the fufte-
nance of man's life, is an unthankful abufe of the
fruits of God's good providence towards mankind.
Hooker, b. v. § ^*
Little knows
Any, but God alone, to value right
"The good before him, but perverts belt things
To worft abufe, or to their meaneft ufe. ^

Paradife Loft, b. iy*

2. A corirupt pradtice, bad cuftom.

The natune of things is fuch, that, if abufes be
not remedied, they will certainly encreafe.

Stuiftfor Advancement of Relig'um^

3. Seducement.

Was it not enough forhim-to have deceived me»^
and, through the deceit abufed me, and, after the
abufe, forfaken me, but that he muft now, of all
the company, and before all the company, lay
want of beauty to my charge. Sidney, b. ii.

4. Unjuft cenfure, rude reproach, com-
tumely.

I dark in light, expos'd
To daily fraud,, contempt, abufe, and wrong.

Samfon Agoniflciw

Abu'se R, »./. [from the verb «^«/f,];

1. He that makes an ill ufe.

2. He that deceives.

Next thou, the abufer of thy prince's ear.

Denham't Sofhlf*-

3. He that reproaches with rudenefs.

4. -A. ravifher, a violater.
Abu'sive, ad/', [hoai abu/e.]

1 . Praftifmg abufe.

The tongue mov'd gently firft^nd fpeech was low^
Till wrangling fcicnce taught it noife and (how.
And wicked wit arofe, thy moft ahufive foe.

Pope's Mifullaniu^

Dame Nature, as the learned (liow.
Provides each animal its- foe ;
Hounds hunt the hare, the wily, fox
Devours your geefe, the wolf your flbcks.
Thus envy pleads a natural claim.
To prrfecute the mufe's fame.
On poets in all times abuji've.
From Homer down to Popeindufive. Stvi/t'sMifccL

2. Containing abufe; a«, an abn^-ve lam- ■
poon.

Next, Comedy appcar'd with great applaufe,
Till her licentious and abufive tongue
Waken'd the magilhates coercive power. Rofcom.

3. Deceitful; a fenfe little ufed, yet not
improper.

It is verified by a number of examples, that
whatfoever is gained by an abujive treaty, ought
to be rcfVired in 'integrum.

Bacon's Conjidc'ralicns on H'ar with Spain,

Abu'sivsly. ad-v. [from abuje.]

1. Improperly, by a wrong ufe.

The oil, ahuf-vely called ipirit, of rofes, fwlms at
the top of the water, in the firm of a white butter;
wh'ch 1 remember not to haveobfcrved in any other
oil drawn in any limbeck. Boyle's Sceptical Ciym'i/k.

2. Reproachfully.

Abo'siveness. «./. [from abu/e.] Th*
quality of being abufive ; fbulnefs of
language.

Pick out of mirth, like ftonescatof thy ground,.
Profancncfs, filthinefs, abufivenefs.

Thefe are the fcum,with which coarfe wi ts abound t
The fine may fpare thefe well, yet not go Icfs.

HirUrt.

A C A

f» ABUT. V. n. obfelete.[fl^fl»//V,to touch
at the end, Fr.] To end at, to border
upon ; to meet, or approach to, with the
particle upoa.

Two mighty monarcliies,
Whofe high uprcared and abutting fronts
The narrow perilous occun parts afunder*

Shakcjptare I lltnry V.

The Lo(>«i are two fcveral corporations, diOin-

goilhed by the addition or eaft and weft, aiuiiing

u'fM a navigable creek, and joined by a fair bridge

ot" many arches. Cttrnv.

Abu'tment.w./ [fr«ma^K/.] That which
abuts, or borders upon another.

Abu'tta!.. n.f. [from abut.'\. The but-
ting or boundaries of any land. A wri-
ting declaring on what lands, highways,
or other places, it does abut. Difl.

Aby'sm. n.f. [a^jy»»<, old Fr. now writ-
ten contrafledly abiine.'\ A gulf; the
fame with ahy/s.

My good ftars, that were my former guides.
Have empty left their orbs, and fliot their fires
Into the ahyfm of he!l.

Stakcfpeare^s Antcry and Cleopatra*

Abv'ss. n.f. \abyffus, Lat. aS>vaa^, bot
tomtefs, Gr.]

X. A depth without bottom.

Who /hall tempt with wandVing feet
The dark, unbottom'd,, inBnite aliyjs.
And, through the palpable obfcure, find out
This uncouth way.

M./tcn't ParaJ'iJe LoJI, b. ii. /. 405.

Thy throne is darknefs in th' abyfi of light,
A blaze of glory that forbids the fight;
O teach me to biiic\c tliee thus conceai'd,
And fearch no farther than thyfclf reveal'd.

DryJcn.
Tore was not more pleased
With infant nature, when his fpacious hand
Had rounded this huge ball of earth and feas
To give it the firft pulh, and fee it roll
Along the vaft abyj'i. Mdijcn, Guard. No no.

s. A great depth, a gulf; hyperbolical! y.

The yawning earth difclos*d th* tf/»>yi of hell.

Dryiieni l^ir^ Gtorg, i.

3. In a figurative fenfe, that in which any
thing is loft.

for fepulchres themfelves muft crumbling fall
In Umc^saby/tj the common grave of all. ^

Drydens jfwvenalj Sal, x.

If, difcovering how far we have clear and diftindt
ideas, we confine our thoughts within the contem-
plation of thofe things that are within the reach of
our underllandings, and lavmch not out into that
thyji of darknefs, out of a prcfumption that no-
thi'ig is beyond our comprehenfion. Locke.

4. The body of waters fuppofed at the
centre of the earth.

We are here to confider what is generally under-
ftood by the great atyft, in the common explication
«f the deluge; and 'tis commonly interpreted either
to be the fea, or fubterraneous waters hid in the
bowels of the earth. Burmt't thimy.

5. In the language of divines, hell.

From that infatiable ahyjs.
Where flames devour, and ferpcnts hifa,
Promote me to thy feat of blifs. Rijcimmtn.

Ac, Ak, or Ake.

Being initials in the names of places, as j^San,
fignify an oak, from the Saxon ac, an uak.

Oibji/n't Camden,

ACACJA.n,;, [Lat.]

I. A drug brought from Egypt, which,

being fuppofed the infpiflated juice of a

tree, is imitated by the juice of floes,

boiled to the fame confiftence.

Diiiionaire de Comm, Sazrary. Trevoux.

X. A tree commonly fo called here, though

different from that which produces toe

A C C

trne afada ; and therefore termed f>/eii-
Jocacia, or Virginian acacia. Miller.

Acade'mi Ai.. a<^. \ixom academy. '\ Re-
lating to an academy, belonging to an
academy.

AcADfc'MiAN. n.f. [from acad(my.'\ A
fcholar of an academy or univerfity ; a
member of an univerfity. ff'ood, in his
Athetitr Oxonienfes, mentions a great
fcaft made for the academians.

Acade'mical, cdj. [academicus, Lat.]
Belonging to an univerfity.

He drew him firft into the fatal circle, from a
kind of refolved privatcnefs; where, after the aca-
demical life, he had taken fuch a taftc of the rural,
as 1 have heard him fay, that he could well have
bent his mind to a retired courfe. fyott^n.

Academi'cian. «. /. [academician, Fr.]
The member of an academy. It is ge-
nerally ufed in fpeaking of the profeflbrs
in the academies of France.

Acade'mick. «./. [from academy.} A ftu-
dent of an univerfity.

A young academic fiiall dwell upon a journal that
treats of trade, and be lavilh in the piaife of the
author ; while perfons fkilled in thofe fubjefts,
hear the tattle with contempt.

IValit'i Imprcmemcnt of ike Mind.
Acade'mick. a^. [academicus, hzx-l Re-
lating to an univerfity.

While through poetic Icenes the genius roves.
Or wanders wild in academic groves.

Dunciad,h.\v. !. 481

Aca'demist. n.f. [from academy. "} The
member of an academy. This is not
often uied.

It is obferved by the Parifian acadcmtfti, that

fome amphibious quadrupeds, particularly the fea-

calf or feal, hath his epiglottis extraordinarily large.

Ray on the Creation.

A'CADEMY. n. f. [anciently, and pro-
perly, with the accent on the firft fyl-
lable, now frequently on the fecond.
Acadimia, Lat. from Academus of Athens,
whofe houie was turned into a fchool,
from whom the Groves of Academe in
Milton.]

I . An alTembly or fociety of men, uniting
for the promotion of fome art.

Our cou:'C fhall be a little academy.
Still and contemplative in living arts.

Stakefpcare^i Lct/r'j Labour Loft.

z. The place where (ciences are taught.

Amongft the acadimiei, which were compofed by
the rare genius of thofe great men, thcfe four are
reckoned as the principal ; namely, the Athenian
fchool, that of Sicyon, that of Rhodes, and that
of Corinth. Dryden'i Dufrefiuy.

3. An univerfity.

4. A place of education, in contradiftinc-
tion to the univerfities or public fchools.
The thing, and therefore the name, is
modern.

ACANTHUS, n.f [Lat.] The name of
,the herb bears-breech, remarkable for
being the model of the foliage on the
Corinthian chapiter.

On cither Mc
Acanliu!, and each od'rous bulhy fhrub,
Fenc'd up the verdant wall.

Mill. Parad. Loftf b. iv. /. 696.

AcaTALe'ctIC.»._/.' [axaxaXrifli*®-, Gr."]

A verfe whidi has the complete number

of fyllables, without defedl or fuperfluity.

TiACCE'DE. 'V. n. [accede, 'Lzx.'l To be

added to, to come to ; generally ufed

A C C

in political accounts ; as, another power
\i3L% acceded to the treaty; that is, hst
become a party.
To ACCE'LERATE, 'v.a. [accelere, Lat.]

1. To make quick, to liaften, to quicken
motion ; to give a continual impulfe to
motion, fo as perpetually to increafe.

Take new beer, and put in fome quantity of
ftale beer into it ; and fee whether it will not acce-
Itrjte the clarification, by opening the body of the
beer, whereby the grolfer parts may fall down into
Ices. Bacon's Natural Hifttry, N° 307.

By a fkilful application of thofe notices, may be
gained the accelerating and bettering of fruits, and
the emptying of mines, at much more eafy ratet
than by the common methods. Glanvil/e^Scepftt,

If the rays endeavour to recede from the denleft
part of the vibration, they may be alternately acce-
lerated and retarded by the vibrations overtaking
them. Nenjjtons Of tics.

Spices quicken the pulfe, and accelerate the mo-
tion of the blood, and difiipate the fluids ; from
whence teannefs, pains in the ftomach, loathing;,
and fevers. Arbutknot on Aliments*

Lo I from the dread immenfity of fpace
Returning, with accelerated courfe.
The rufhing comet to the fun defcends.

tbomf. Sum. I, 1 690.

2. It is generally applied to matter, and
ufed chiefly in philofophical language ;
but it is fometimes ufed on other occafions.

In which council the king himfelf, whofe con-
tinual vigilarcy did fuck in fometimes caufelefs
fufpicions, which few eife knew, inclined to the
- accelerating a battle. Bacon's Henry Vll.

Perhaps it may point out to a ftudenc now and
then, what may employ the moft vifcful labours of
his thoughts, and accelerate his diligence in the moft
momentous enquiries. iVatts,

AccEl. ER a'tion. n.f [acceleralio, Lat.]

1. The aft of quickening motion.

The law o{ the acceleration of falling bodies, dif-
covered firil by Galileo, is, that the velocities ac-
quired by falling, being as the time in which the
body falls, the fpaces through which it palTes will
be as the fquares of the velocities, and the velocity
and time taken together, as in a quadruplicate rati>)
of the fpaces.

2. The fiate of the body accelerated, or
quickened in its motion.

The dejirees o( acceleraiisn oi motion, the gravi-.
tatien of the air, the exiftence or non-exiltence of
empty fpaces, either coacervate or interfperfed, and
many the like, have taken up the thoughts and
times of men in difpules concerning them.

HaU^s Origin of MankineU

3. The att of haftening.

Confidcring the languor enfuing that a^ion in
fome, and the vifible acceleration it maketh of age
in moft, we cannot but think venery much abridg-
eth our days. Broivn,

To ACCE'ND. -v. a. [acceudo, Lat.] 'I'o
kindle, to fet on fire ; a word very
rarely ufed.

Our devotion, if fuHiciently acetnded, would, as
theirs, burn up innumerable books of this fort.

Decay of Piety.
Acce'nsion. n.f [acccttfo, Lat.] The
aft of kindling, or the ftate of being,
kindled.

Tile fulminating damp will take fire at a candle,
or other flame, and, upon its accenfion, gives a
crack or report, like the difcharge of z. gun, and
makes an cxplofion fo f.ircibi; as fometimes to kill
the miners, ihake the earth, and force bodies, of
great weight and bulk, from the bottom oi the pic
or mine. WsoJivard' s Natural Hiftory,

A'CCENT. n.f [accentus, Lat.]
1 . The manner of fpeaking or pronoun-
cing, with regard either to force or ele-
gance.

I know.

A C C

I know. Sir, I am no flatterer; he that be.
guited you in a plain accent was a plain knave 3
which, for my pJrt, I will not be. '

Sbakefpeare's King hear,

2. The found given to the fyllable pro-
nounced.

Your accent is fomething finer than ycu could
purchafe in lb removed a dwelling.

Sbalb^eare^s Asyou like it.

3. In grammar, the marks made upon fyl-
lables, to regulate their pronunciation.

Accent f as in the Greek names and ufage, feems
to have regardeJ the tune o^ the voice ; the acute
accent raifing the voice in fome certain fyllables to
a higher, i. e, more acute pitch or tone, and the
grave deorefling it lower, and both having fome em
phafts, i. e* more vigorous pronunciation. Holder.

4. Poetically, language or words.

How many ages hence
Shall this our lofty fcene be a£led o'er.
In Hates unborn, and accintsyex. unknown.

Sbahjpeare' i jfuliui Cafar.
Winds on your wings to heav'n her accents bear ;
Such words as heav'n alone is fit to hear.

DtyJ. Virg. Paji. 3.

5. A modification of the voice, expreffive
of the paflions or fentiments.

The tender accent of a woman's cry
Will pafs unheard, will unregarded die ;
When the rough feaman's louder fliouts prevail,
When fair occafion (hews the fpringing gale. Prior.

?« A'ccENT. -v. a. [from accentus, Lat.]
formerly elevated at the fecondfyllable,
now at the firft.

1. To pronounce, to fpeak words with
particular regard to the grammatical
marks or rules.

Having got fomebody to mark the laft fylhblc
but one, where it is long, in words above two fyl-
lables (which is enough to r"gi!a;e her pronuncia-
tion, and accenting the words , let her read daily in
the gofpeis, and avoid underrt.mdirjj them in La-
tin, if rtic can. hjcke on Edu:amny ^ 177.

2. In poetry ; to pronounce or utter in ge-
neral.

O my unhappy lines ! you that before
Have fcrv'd my youth to vent fome wanton cries.

And, now congeal'd with grief, can fcare implore
Strength to accent. Here my Albertus lies 1 fftinn.

3. To write or note the accents.

Ti Acce'ntu ATE. f. a. [accentuer, Fr.]
To place the proper accents over the
vowels.

Accentua'tion. n,/. [^(xoxa accent uate.'\

i . The a£l of placing the accent in pro-
nunciation.

2. Marking the accent in writing.

7» ACCE'PT. 1). a. [accipio, Lat. accepter,

1. To take with pleafure ; to receive
kindly ; to admit with approbation.
It is diflinguilhed from recei've, iisype-
afic from general ; noting a particular
manner of receiving.

Neitlierdo ye kindle fire on my altar for nought.
I have no pleafure in you, faith the Lord of hofts,
neither will 1 accept an offering at your hand.

Mclachi, i. 10.

God is no relpeOer of perfons : but, in evfrj
nation, he that feareth him, and worketh rlghte-
oufnefs, is accrf,ieii ivith him. Afli, x. 34, 35.

You have been gracicuHy pleafed to accept this
tender of my duty.

Dryden'i Dedicatinn f) hit FaLlet.

Charm by acc^ting, by fubmitting fway.
Vet have your hjmourmoft whf^n you nbcy. Pope.

2. It is ufed in a kind of juridical fenle ;
as, to accept terms, accept a treaty.

They flaughter'd many of the gentry, for whom
BO fcx or age could be aceifieJ for excuf:. S'lttney.

A C C

His promife Palamon accepts, but pray'd
To keep it better than the firft he made.

Dry den's Tables.

Thofe who have defended the proceedings of
our negociators at the treaty of Gertruydenburgh,
dwell upon their zeal and patience in endeavouring
to work the French up to their demands, but fay
nothing of the probability that France would ever
accept them. Stvift,

3. In the language of the Bible, to accept
perfons, is to aft with perional and par-
tial regard.

He will furcly reprove you, if ye do fccretly ar-

rc/r perfons. _ ^oi, xiii. 10.

4. It is fometimes ufed with the particle
of.

I will appeafe him with the prefcnt that goeth

before me, and afterward 1 will fee his face: per-

adventure he will accept of mz. Gencjis,x%xn. 2.0.

AccEPTABi'i-iTY. n.f. Thc quality of

being acceptable. See Acceptable.

He hath given us his natural blood to be flied,
for the remiflion of our fins, and for the obtaining
the grace and acceptability of repentance.

Tayhr's tVcrthy Ccmmumcant.
Acce'ptable. adj. {acceptable, Fr. from
the Latin.] It is pronounced by fome
with the accent on the firlb fyllable, as
by Milton ; by others, with the accent
on the fecond, which is more analogical.
I. That which is likely to be accepted ;
grateful ; pleafing. It is ufed with the
particle to before the perfon accepting.

Thi:i wuman, whom thou niad'fl :o be my help.
And gav'rt me as thy perfefl gift, fo good.
So fit, fo acceptable, fo divine.
That fiom her hand I could expefi no ill.

Paradife LciJ}, b. ii.
I do not fee any other method left for men of
that funftion to take, in order to reform the
world, than by ufing all honell arts to make them-
fclves acceptable to the laity. Sivi/t.

After he had made a peace fo acceptable to the
church, and fo honourable to himfelf, he died with
an extraordinary reputation of fan3ity.

Addifon on Italy.

Acce'ptableness. n.f. [from accepi-

able.'\ The quality of being acceptable.

Itwill thereby take ivmy the acceflaileneji of thut

coijun£lion. Crew'' s Ccfmologia Sacra, b< ii. c. 2.

Acce'ptably. ai/'u. [from acceptai/e.]
In an acceptable manner ; fo as to
pleafe ; with the particle to. For the
accent, fee Acceptable.

Do not omit thy prayers, fur want of a good ora-
tory J for he that prayeth upon Cod's account,
cares not what he fuffers, fo he be the friend of
Chriil; nor where nor when he prays, fo he may
do it frequently, fervently, and acattablf, Taykr.
If you can teach them to love and rclpe^V other
pe tple, they will, as your age requires it, find
way s to cxprefs it acceptably to every one.

Locke on Education, § 145.
Acce'ptance. n.f. [^acceptance, Fr.]

1. Reception with approbation.

Ey that acceptance of his I'overeignty, they alfo
a cepteJ of his lawsj why then Ihould any other
laws now be ufed amongl^ them }

Spenjcr's Stale of Ireland,
If he tells us his noble deeds, we mud alfo tell
him our noble acceptance of them.

Sbakcfpeare's Coriolanui.
Thus 1 imbold^i'd fpake, and freedom us'd
Permi/five, and aitcplance found.

Paradife Lojf, ^. viil. A 43 5.

Some men cannot be foolswith fo good acceptance

as others. South's Xrrm^ns,

2. The meaning of a word as it is received
or underftood; acceptation is the word
now commonly ufed.

A C C

That pleafure is man's chiefeft gsod, becfufe
indeed it is the peixeption of good that is properly
pleafure, is an aifertionmoft certainly true, though,
under the common acceptance of it, not only falfe
but odious: for, according to this, pleafure ani
fenfuality pafs for terms equivalent; and therefore
he, who takes it in this fenfe, alters the fubjeft of
the difcourfc, South,

Acce'ptance. [inlaw.] Thc receiving
of a rent, whereby the giver binds him-
felf, for ever, to allow a former aft done
by another, whether it be in itfelf good
or not. Co'wel,

Accepta'tion. n.f. [Jrom. accept.]

1. Reception, whether good or bad. This
large fenfe feems now wholly out of ufe.

Vet, poor foul ! knows he no other, but that I
do fufpeft, negled^, yea, and deleft him -^ For,
every day, he finds one way or other to fet forth
himfelf unto me; but all are rewarded with like
coldnefs oi acceptation, Sidney, b, ii.

What is new finds better acceptation, than what
is good or great. Dcnbam's Sophy„

2. Good reception, acceptance.

Cain, envious of the acceptation of his brother's
prayer and facrifice, flew him ; making himfelf
the firft manflayer, and his brother the firft mar-
tyr. Raleigh's Hiftcry of the World, b. i.

3. The ftate of being acceptable ; regard.

Some things, although not fo required of necef-
fity, that, to leave them undone, excludeth from
falvation, are, nntwithftandirg, of fo great dig-
nity and acceptation with Cod, tliat moft ample
reward in heaven is laid up for them. Hooker^ b. ii*

They have thofe enjoymcnt^only as the confe-
qucnces of the ftate of efteem and acceptation they
are in with their parents and governours.

Locke on Education, § 5 J.

4. Acceptance in the juridical fenfe. This
fenfe occurs rarely.

As, in order to the pafling away a thing by gift,
there is required a furrcnder of all right on his part
that gives ; fo there is required alfo an acceptation
on his part to whom it is g'ven. South's Seiwoiis,

5. The meaning of a word, as it is com-
monly received.

Thereupon the earl of Lauderdale made a dif-
courfc upon the feveral queffions, and what ac-
ceptation thefe words and expreflions had.

Clarendon, b. viii»
All matter is either fluid or folid, in a large
acceptation of the words, that they may compre-
hend even all the middle degrees betwren extreme
fixednefs and coherency, and the moft rapid in-
teftinemotionof the particles of bodies. Boitl. Serf?;,

Acce'pter. a./, [from accept.] The per-
fon that accepts.

Acceptila'tion. n.f. [acceftilatio, Lat. J
A term of the civil law, importing the
remiflion of a debt by an acquittance
from the creditor, teftifying the receipt
of money which has never been paid.

Acce'ption. a. f. [acceptiort, Fr. from
ncceptio, Lat.] The received fenfe of a
word ; the meaning. Not in ufe.

That this hath been cliecmcu thc due .ind prd-
per acception of this word, 1 fhall teftify by one
evidence, which gave me the firft hint of this no-
tion. Hammond on Ft/rrdatnentals,

ACCE'SS. n.f. [In fome of its fenfes, it
leems derived from accefj'us ; in others,
from acccfjio, Lat. acces, Fr]

I. The way by which any thing ;nay be
approached.

The accefs of the town was only by a neck of
land. .Bacon,

There remained very advantageous aeC'fh for
temptations to enter and invade men, the fortifi-
cations being very fl-ndcr, little knowledge of im-
mo.'tality, or an; thing beyond tliis life, and no

alfurarvvfi

A C C

•ffuraace tlut rrptatance wouM be iJmitted Tor I
<in. Hammof^d on yundamntalu

And hrrt th* aceejt a gloomy grove defends {
And hrie th* unnuvigabic lake extendSi
H>'cr whofe unhappy waters, void of lights
'No bird prerames to (leer his airy flight.

Orjdrnt j^netd, vi,

i. The means, or liberty, of approaclung
either to things or men.
When we are wrong'd, and would unfold our
griefs,
We «re deny'd acf^i unto hii perfon«
£v'n by thofe men that moft have done us wrong.

Shah/pearc*
They go commiflion'd to require a peace,
And carry prefenti to procure «c^.

Drydcni ^neid, vii. /, tOg.
He grants what they befought j
InftruAed, that to Cod js ao-acceft
Without Mediator, whofe high office now
Mofcs in figsre bears.

Afilicn's Par, Lut, h.xi'i. l.ijg,

3. Encreafe, enlargement, addition.

The gold was accumulated, and (lore treafures,
for the moll part; but the filver is ftill growing.
Befides, infinite is the aectfi of territory and em-
pire ij tlie fame enterprise. Bacon.

Sot think fuperfluous their aid ;
I, from the influence of thy iooks, receive
jtcceji in every virtue ; in thy fight
Wore wife, more watchful, ftronger.

Paradije hufi, h. !x.
Although to opinion, there be many gods, may
fc::m an aueji in religion, and fucli js cannot at ail
confiH with athclfm, yet doth it dcduflivcly, and
upon inference, include the fame; for unit) is the
jnfcparable and eHential attribute of Deity.

Brii'wnt Vulgar ErrcurSf h, u f . 10.
The reputation
Of virtuous aftions paft, if not kept up
■With an accefs, and frei>. fupply, of new ones,
Is loft and loon forgotten. Daihant^s So/>hy, i

4. It is fometimes ufed, after the French,
to fignify the returns or fits of a diftem-
per j but this fenfe feems yet fcarcely
received into our language.

For as relapfes make difcafes.
More defperate than their firll accrffes. Itudihrat.
A'ccEssARiNESS. ». /. [froiB accejpxry.'\
The ftate of being acceflary.

Perhaps this will draw us into a negative accrf-
farirfefi to the mifchiefs. Dtcay cf Piety.

A'ccEstAHY, *dj. [A corruption, as it
feems, of the word acceffory, which fee ;
but now more commonly ufed than the
proper word.] 1 hat which, without
being the chief conllituent of a crime,
contributes to it. But it had formerly a
good and general fenfe.

As for thofe, things that are accejpiry hereunto,
thofe things that fo belong to the way of falvation,
&c. Il(ioktr,h,\\\,^ ■^,

He hath taken upon him the government o(
HuU, without any apprehenfion or imagination,
that it would ever make him aicijj'ary to rebellion.
C/arendon, h. viii.
Acce'ssible. aifj. [accejpbilii, Lat. ac-
ctjjible, Fr.] That which may be ap-
proached ; that which we may reach or
arrive at.

It is applied both to perfons and
thing.'v, with the particle tt.

Sonic lie more open to our fenles and daily ob-
fervation \ others are more occult and hidden,
and though accejfibUy '\n fome meafure, to our
fenfes, yet not without great fearch and fcrutiny,
or fome happy accident. HaJt'i Origin of Mankind,

Thofe things, which were indeeid inexplicable,
liave been rackt and tortured to difcover tbem-
felves, while the plainer and more acctffihie truths,
«s if defpicablc while caf^i ait clouded and ob-
jfcurc^. Dkoj of Piety,

A C C

Al an ifland, we are atceJUU oB every fide, and
expofed to perpetual invafions ; againft which it i<
impoflible to fortify ourfelvea fufficiently, without
a power at fea. Addifint Frteboldtr.

In converfation, the tempers of men are open and
tremble, their attention is awake, and their minds
difpofc-d to receive the ftrongeft impreffions ; and
what is fpnken is generally more affeding, and
more appofite to particular occafions. Rcgrrs.

Acce'ssion. »./ [acctj/!e. Lit, accejion,
Fr.]

1. Increafe by fomething added, enlarge^
ment, augmentation.

Nor could all the king's bounties, nor his own
large acccffom, raife a fortune to hi« heir ; but af-
ter vaft fums of money, and great wealth gotten,
he died unlamented. Clarendon.

There would not have been found the difference
here fct down betwixt the force of the air, when
expanded, and what that force (hould have been
according to the theory, but that the included inch
of air received fome little accejjion during the trial.
Boyle" i Spring &/* the j^ir.

The wifeft among the nobles began to appre-
hend the growing power of the people j and there-
fore, knowing what an accejjion thereof would ac-
crue to them, by fuch an addition of property,
ufed all means to prevent it> Sivift.

Charity, indeed, and works of munificence, are

the proper difcharge of fuch over-proportioned

accejiom, and the only virtuous enjoyment of tliem.

Rogirs^s Serm^ni.

2. The aft of coming to, or joining one's
felf to ; as, accejjion to a confederacy.

Befidc, what wile objeaions he prepares
Againft my late acciJJMn to the wars ?
Does not the fool perceive his argument
Is with more force againft Achilles bent }

Dryden'i Fah/ei.

3. The adl of arriving at ; as, the king's
accejfioH to the throne.

.A'ccfiSiORlLV. adv. \it<3sa accejjory .^ In

the manner of an acceflbry.
A'ccESSORY.flf^'. Joined to another thing,

fo as to increafe it ; additioaal.

In this kind there is not the leaft a£lion, but it
doth fomewhat make to the accejfory augmentation
ofourblifs. Hxkrr.

A'ccessory. h. /. \acce^oria!, Lat. ac-
cijfoire, Fr. This word, which had
anciently a general fignification, is now
almoft confined to forms of law.]

\. Applied to perfons.

A man that is guilty of a felonious ofl'ence, not
principally, but by participation ; as, by com-
mandment, advice, or concealment. And a man
may be acceijory to the offence of another, after
two forts, by the common law, or by ftarute : and,
by the common law, two ways alfo; that is, be-
fore or after the fatl. Before the rafl j as, when
one commandeth or advifeth another to commit a
felony, and is notprefentat the execution thereof;
for his prcfence makes him alfo a principal ; wheie-
fore there cannot be an acccjjory before the fa£l in
manftaughter ; becaufe manflaughtcr is fudden
and not prepcnfed. Accijjhry after the fadl, is,
when one receiveth him, wW>m he knoweth to
have committed leiony. A<ctjrory by ftatute, is
he that abets, counlels, or hides any man com-
mitting, or having committed, an offence made fe-
lony by ftatute. Cewel.

By the common law, the accijfories cannot be
proceeded againft, till tlie principal has received
his trial. SpenJ. Stale of JreUnd.

But paufe, my foul ! and ftudy, ere thou fall
On accidental joys, th^ effential.
Still before accejjbriei to abide
A trial, muft the principal be try'd. Dcnnt.

Now were all transform'^
Alike, to ferpents all, as aceeffirirt
To his bold riot. Milton' t P»r. t,^, h, X, U 510.

2. Applied to things.

A C C

An atttjforj it faid to b« that which it*» tlv
cede unto fome principal fad or tiling in law (
and, as fuch, generally fpeakiog, follows tlie rci-
foir and nature of its principal. Aylife,

A'cciDENCE. n. f. [a corruprion of^ /jr-
cidents, from accidentia, Latin.] The
little book containing the firft ru-
diments of grammar, and explaining
the properties of the eight parts of
fpeech.

I do confefs I do want eloquence.
And never yet did learn mine accidence.

Taylor the tTatrr-poet,
A'CCIDENT. n./, [accident, Lat.]

1. The property or quality of any being,
which may be feparated from it, atleafl
in thought.

If ftie were but the body's accident.
And her fole being did in it fubfift.

As white in fnow ihe might herfclf abfent,
And in the body's fubftance not be mif&'d.

Sir y. Dav'el.

An accidental mode, or an accident, is fuch a
mode as is not neceffary to the being of a thing ;
for the fubjeft may be without it, and yet remain
of the fame nature tliat it was before ; or it is that
mode which may be feparated or aboliftied from
its fubje£l. IVatti's Lo^ick,

2. In grammar, the property of a word.

Tile learning of a language in nothing elfe but
the informing of ourfelvei, what compufurei of
letters arc, by confent and inftitution, to fignify
fuch certain notions of things, with their nioda.
lities and accidents. H'ilderi Elements ofSpeccb*

3. That which happens unfbrefeen; ca-
fualty, chance.

General laws are like general rules in phyfick,
according whereunto, as no wife man will dclire
himfelf to be cured, if there be joined with his
difcal'c fome fpecial accident, in regard whereof,
that whereby others in the fame infirmity, but
without the like accident, recover health, w«uld
be, to him, either hurtful, or, at the leaft, un-
profitable. Hooker, b. v. ^ 9.

The flood, and other accidents of time, made
it one common field and pafture with the land of
Eden. Raleigh's Hifior/ of the World,

Our joy is tum'd
Into perplexity, and new amaze ;
For whither is he gone ? \f\sM accident
Hath rapt him from us ? Parajife Regained,

And trivial accidents Ihall be forborn.
That others may have time to uke their turn.

Dryden's Failet,

The reformation owed nothing to the good in-
tentions of king Henry. He was only an inftru-
mentof it (a« the logicians fpeak) by accident.

Sivift's Mijcellanies,

Accide'ntal. ft./, [accidental, Fr. See
ACCIDENT.] A property nonefTeii-
tial.

Conceive, as much as you can, of the efTentiaU
of any fubjed, before you confider its accidentals,
fVaits's Logick.
Accide'ntal. adj. [from accident.]

1. Having the quality of an accident,
nonefTential ; ufed with the p.irticle to,
before that in which the accident in-
heres.

A diftinflion is to be made between what
plcafcs naturally in itfclf, and what pleafcjs upon
the account of machines, atlors, dances, and
circumftances, which are merely accidental to the
tragedy, Rymer's Tragedies of the laft Age,

This it ecc'idental to a ftate of religion, and
tlierefore ought to be reckoned among the ordinary
difficulties of it. Tithtjan,

2. Cafual, fortuitous, happening by chance.

Thy fin's not accidental, but a trade.

Shakefpeare's Mcaf. fjr Mcaf,
So fhall you hear
01 tcddinltl jai^tMaf) cafual flaughteis ;

Of

A C C

Of deatht put on by cunning, and forc'd caufe.

Shakeff. Hdmlct.
Look upon things of the mod acddtual and
mutablf! nature; accidenlal in their produSion,
and mutable in their continuance ; yet God's
prefc'ence of them is as certain in him, as the
memory of them is, or can be, in us.

Smith' t Sc mors.

3. In the following paflage it feems to

flgmfy adiientitious.
Ay, luch a minifter as wind to fire,

Tha: adds an accidtntal fiercenefs to

Its narural fury. Dcnbam'% Sc;>h.

Accidentally, aJi>. [from accidental]

1. After an accidental manner ; noneffen-
tially.

Other points no lefs concern the Common-
wealth, though but accidentally depending U3 .n
the former. «>>«/«■•, St. :fir.l.

I conclude choler acciJetuaUy bitter, and acri-
monioui, but not in idilf. Harvey on Cmfum^tkns.

Z, Cafually, fortuitoufly.

Although virtuous men do fometimes acciJer
tally make their way to preferment, yet t'.ic
world is fo corrupted, that nu man can reafon-
»bly hope to be rewarded in it, merely upon ?c-
count of his virtue. Swift', MijccHanics.

Accide'ntalness. n./. [from acciden-
la/.] The quality of being accidental.

Acci PIENT. n./. [accipient, Lat.] A re-
ceiver, perhaps lometjmes ufed for re-
cipiint.^ j)jg

To Acci TE, -V. a. [accito, Lat.] To call,
to fomrnons ; a word not in ofe now.

Our coronation done, we will accit^,
(As I before x:.n:r.i'xt'i) all our ftate,
Ani (h'eavV, cwifi^r'-j to :- y good intents)
No pnnre, :jo peer, : t c^ufc £„ fj„

Hcav n ihjrtrn Ha: c 3^5 day.

AccLA iM,»./ [flfi^/owo, Lat. from which

n.^-„K;. Crftthe rerU-^f/a/w. jiwloli,

lenoon.] A (hout of praife,

jrfoitthypow'n, with load tfrt/dim,

.,-1 L . ■ ^''"'» P'r. Lofi, b. iii. /. ,07.
The herald end* ; the vaulted firmament
With loud acc:amt, and vaft applaufe, is rent.
. , t>ryd. FM,t.

ACCLAMA rioN. n.f. [acclamatio, Lat.]
Shouts of a;>plaufe ; fuch, as thofe with
which a viftorious army falutes the ge-
neral. °

It hath been the cuftom of Chriftian men, in
token of the gieater reverence, to «and, to utter
ceruin word* o{ atcUmatio,, and, at the name of
Jefus, to bow, 11,^1,^, i. V. ^ ig.

Gladly then he mix'd
Among thofe friendly pow'rs, who him teceiv'd
With joy, and acclamathm loud, that one,
That, of fo many myriads faU'n, yet one
Retum'd, not loft. Milt, farad. Left, i.vU l.zi
Such an encliantment is the.e in words, and

1 ?!,* "f ^'^f '' ''"'" '" '■<""«> to be ruined
plaufibly, and to be ulhered to their dcrtruaion
with paacg)nck and acclamation. South

AccLi'viTY. n.f. [from acclit-ut, Lat.]
The Ikepnefs or rtope of a line inclin-
ing to the horizon, reckoned upwards •
«, the afcent of an hill is the acc/intt/j]
the defcent is the declivity. P«/«A>.

The nien, leaving their wives and younger
children below, do, not without fome difficttltv,
clamber up the accli^itie,, dragging their kine
w.th them, whe-e ll«y feed them, aod milk
thew, and make butter and cheefe, and do all
.he *a,;y-work. Ray o„ th Crtat,.,,.

Accii vous. adj. {accli-vu,, Lat.] Rifinp
with a (lope. *■

Vol. L I

A C C

A C C

To Accto'r. v. a. [See CLOY.]

1. To fill up, in an ill fenfe ; to crowd, to
Huff full ; a word almoft obfolete.

At the well head the pureft ftreamsarife;
But mucky filth his branching arms annoys,
And with uncomely weeds the gentle wave arr/oyj.

'Fdi}y ^cen.

2. To fill to fatiety ; in which fenfe clov is
itill in ufe.

They that, efcapc bed in the temperate zone,
would be acchyid with long nights,' very tedious,
no lefs than forty days. Ray o-l the Creatim.

To Acco'iL. v. IT. [See Coil.] To
crowd, to keep a coil about, to buftle,
to be in a hurry: a word now out of
ufe.

About the cauldron many cooks accoiTd,
With hooks and hJles, as need did require ;
The while the viands in the veOel boil'd.
They did about their bufinefs fweat, and forely
'^"i''''- Tairi Suten.

A'ccOLENT. n.f. \accokns, Lat.] He that
ribabits near a place ; a borderer. Dia.
Acco'mmodable. adj. [accommodabilis,
Lat.] That which may be fitted ; widi
the particle to.

As there is infinite variety in the circumftances

of pe.f.ns, thing,, anions, times, and places; fo
we muft be furniihed with fuch general rulei a;
arc auommaMt to a';l this variety, by a wife judg-
ment and diforeti.n. WattC, Logici.

To ACCO'MMODATE. v. a. [acccm-
mcdo, Lat.]

1. To fupply with conveniencies of any
kind. It has tuiih before the thing,

1 hcie three,
The .eft io nothing ; with this word, ftand, flanj,
j1(ccmm,dalcj by the place (more charming
With rheirown noblenefs, which could haveturn'd
A diftaff to a lance), gilded pale looks.

Sbakcfp, CytnbcUre.

2. With the particle /<7, to adapt, to fit, to
make confiiient with.

He had altered many things, not that they
were not natural before, but that he might accom-
xKdait himfelf to the age in which he lived.

,_ . Dryden on Dramatic Poetry,

rmt hit ronfijrtune to li^bt upon an hypo-
thefis, that could not be acotr.modaiid to the na-
ture of things, and human aftliiis ; his principles
could not be made to agree with that conftitution
and order which God hatli fettled in the world.

3. To reconcile ; to adjuft what feems in-
confiftent or at variance ; to make con-
fillency appear.

Part know how to accomodate St. James and
St. Paul better than fome late reconcilers. Norri:.

To Acco'mmodate. f. n. To be con-
formable to.

They make the particular enfigns of the twelve
tribes accommodate unto tiie twelve figns of the
zodiac. n

»T • L r , . Brown.

Neither fort of chymifts have duly confidcred

how great variety there is in the textures and

confiftencics of compound bodies; and how little

the confiftince and duration of many of them

feem to accommodate and be explicable by the pro

pofed^ notion. Boyle; Sce/>t. Chym.

Acco'mmodate. adj. [accommodatut, Lat.]

Suitable, fit; ufed fometimes with the

particle/iir, but more frequently with to.

They are fo aftcd and directed by nature, as

to caft their eggs in fuch places as arc moft ac-

ccmmadate for the cxcluCon of their young, and

where there is food ready for them fo foon as they

be hatched. Ry on the Creation.

In thefe cafes we examine the why, the what,

and the how, of things, and ptopofc means ac-

ttmmodttt It ti>c end. VEJtran^c, ,

God did not primarily intend to appoint th!»
way of worfliip, and to impofe it upon them aj
that which was moft proper and agreeable to him,
but tliat he condefcended to it as moft accommodate
to their prefent ftate and inclination. Tillotfon.
Acco'mmodately. adv. [from accom-
modate.] Suitably, fitly.

Accommoda'tion. n.f. [ham accommit'
date.]

1. Provifion of conveniencies. •v,

2. In the plural, conveniencies, things re-
quifite to eafe or refrefhment.

The king's commiilioncrs were to have fuch
accommodations, a;; the other thought fit to leave t»
them ; who had been very civil to tlie king's
commiflioners. Clar.„don, b. yiii.

3. Adaptation, fitnefs ; vvith the particle /o.

Indeed that difputing phyfialogy is no accommo-
dation to your defignf, which are not to teach men
to cant endlefsly about ittateria and frma.

Glan-vilU's Scepfts*

The organization of the body, with accommoda-
tion to its funitions, is fitted with th: moft curious
mechanifm. //a/«i Origin.

4- Compofition of a difference, reconcili-
ation, adjulhnent.

Acco'mpanable. adj. [from accompany.'\
Sociable : a word now not ufed.

A (hiw, as it were, of ui accomparfable folita.
rincfs, and of a civil wildnefs. Sidney, b. i.

Acco'mpanier. »./ [from accompany.]
The perfoii that makes part of the com-
pany ; companion, Dia.

To ACCO'MPANY. -v. a. [accompagntr,
Fr.] To be with another as a compa-
nion, it is ufed both of perfons and
things.

Co vjfit her, in her chafte bower of reft,
Accompany'd with angel-like delights.

, Sfenfer, Sonnet iii.

The great bufinefs of the fenfe* being to ^lake

u: take notice of what hurts or advantages the

body, it is wifely ordered by nature, that pain

fhould accompany the reception of feveral ideas.

Ltcie.

As folly IS ufually accompanied with perverfc-

nefs, fo it is here. Stvift's Short yie-w of Ireland.

To Acco'mpany. 'v.n. To aflbciate with;
to become a companion to.

No maninrSccl doth accompany mth others
but he learneth, ere he is aware, fome gcfture*
voice, or faftiion. Bacon's Nat. Hi/lory',

Acco'mplice. »./. [complice, Fr. from
complex, a word in the barbarous Latin,
much in ufe.]

I. An aflbciate, a partaker, ufually in aa
ill fenfe.

There were feveral fcandalous reports induftri .
oudy fpread by Wood, and his accomplices, to dif-
courage all oppofition againft liis infamous projert.

Sivifi.

2. A partner, or to-operator j in a fenfe
indifferent.

If a tongue would be talking without a mouth,
what could it have done, when it had all it»
organs of fpccch, and accomplices of f<,und, about
''• . AddiJ'ontSpiaatorfti" zn_j.

3, It is ufed with the panicle to before a
thing, and •with before a perfon,

Childlefs Arturiua, vaftly rich before.
Thus by his lolfes multiplies his ftore,
Sufpedled for accomplice to the fire,
Th.it burnt his palace but to build it higher.

Dryd.Juii.'Sit.
Who, ftiould theyft^l for want of his rcliet
He judg'd himfelf flr«»i^/(« ■with the thief,

Diydcn't Fables.

To ACCOMPLISH. -J. a. [aaompUr, tr.
from coinpUo, Lat.]

D i.T«

A C C .

». To complete, to execute fully; as, to
atamflijb a dcfign.

He that U fir oft (hall die of the peftilence, and

lie that is near (hall fall by the fword, and he that

temaineth, and is befieged, (hall die by the fa-

mine. Thus will I eccimflifr my fury upon them.

Extkkl, vi. la.

». To complete a period of time.

He would accampli/h Icventy years in the defo-
lations of Jerulilcm. Danitl, ix. a.

3. To fulfil ; as, a prophecy.

The vifion,
Which I made known to Lucius ere the ftroke
Of this yet fcarce cold battJe, at this in(»ant '

Is full accmflijh'd. ShaUfra-t'i Cymhlint.

We fee every day thofe events eaaflly aaom-
pTilhtd, which our Saviour foretold at fo great a
diftance. , ^**''/°«-

4. To gain, to obtain.

Tell him from me (a» he will win my love)
He bear himfelf with honourable aftion ;
Such as he hath obferv'd in noble ladies
Unto their lords, by them aecomplilhtd.

_ Stakrjf. 7am. of a Sircw.

I'll make my lieaven in a lady's lap.
Oh miferable thought, and more unlikely.
Than to accompli/h twenty golden crowns.

'^•^ Hhakijf.litnryy

5. To adorn, or furnifh, either mind or
body.

From the tents
The armourers uctmfTtp'ing the knights.
With bufy hammers clofmg rivets up.
Give dreadful note of preparation. Shakefp. Htri, V.
Ac co'm p I, I s H E D . participial adj.

1. Complete in fome qualification.

For who cxpcfts, that, under a tutor, a young
gentleman Ihould be an ammflj/hiJ publick ora-
tor or logician. Ltcie.

2. Elegant ; finiftied in refpea of embel-
lifiiments ; ufed commonly of acquired

. qualifications, without including moral
excellence.

The next I took to wife,
O that I never had ! fond with too late.
Was in the valeof Sorec, Dallla,
That fpteious' nJon(Ver, my acccmfli/h'rl fnare.

Sam/on Agcn.

Acco'mplisher. n.f. [from accompliJh.'\

The pcrfon that accompliflies. DiSl.

Acco' a PLiSHUBKr. It./. lac<ompliJ~ement,

1 . Completion, full performance, perfec-
tion.

This would be the acccmpCi/hment of their com-
mon felicity, in cafe, by their evil, either through
<lcftiny or advice, they fuffered not the occ.ilion to
^( loft. Sir Jibn Hayward.

Thereby he might evade the aatmfl'^nur.t of
thofe affliftions he now but gradually end urcth.

BrtnvH^s Vulgar Errours.

He thought it impo(rible to (inJ, in any one
body, all thofe perfcSions which he fought for
the acitmflijimtnt of a Helena j becaufc nature,
In any individual ptrfon, makes nothing that is
perfed in all its parts. Drydm'i Dufrtjiry, Pre/.

2. Completion ; as, of a prophecy.

The miraculous fuccefs of th; apo.lles preach-
ing, and the acampliJhiKer.t of miny of their pre- •
i'ldt'ions, which, to thofe early Chriiiians, were
matters of fath only, are, to us, matters of figh:
and expetience. ^iitriury'tSirmoin.

3. Embelli(hm«nt, elegance, ornament of
mind or body.

Young heirs, and elder brothers, from their
cwn refleifling up.in theeftatestheya.e born to, and
therefore thinking all other accimplijhmntt unne-
celTary, arc iff no manner of ufc but to keep
op their families. Aldifin, Speftator, N" 123.

4. The a£l of obtaining or perfefting any
thing; attainment; completion.

A C C

The means fuggcfted by policy and worldly
wifdom, for the aitainmcnt of thofe earthly cn-
joymer.ts, are unfit for that purpofe, not only
upon the account of their infufficicr.cy for, but
alfo of their frequent oppofit'.on and contrariety
to, the aiccmplipmir.i of fucli ends. South' t Scrm.
Acco'mpt. It./. [Fr. compter And compte,
anciently accompier. Skinner.^ An ac-
count, a reckoning. See Account.

The foul may have time to call itfelf to a juft
accompt of all things paft, by means whereof re-
pentance is perfefled. Hotter, i.v. §46.

Each Cbriftmas they accanpn did dear;
And wound their bottom round the year. Pritr,
Acco'mptant. It./, [accomptant, Fr.] A
reckoner, computer. See Account-
ant.

As the accompt runs on, generally the accompt-
ant goes backward. Souib's Sermors.

Acco'mpting DAY. The day On which
the reckoning is to be fettled.
To whom thou much doll owe, thou much
maft pay;
Think on the debt againft th' accompt'wg day.

Sir J. Dnkam,

To ACCO'RD. f. a. [derived, by fome,
from corda, the firing of a mufical in-
ilrument, by others, from corda, hearts ;
in the firft, implying harmony, in the
other, unity.]

. To make agree ; to adjuft one thing to
another ; with the particle to.

The (irft fports the (hepherds (hewed, were full
of fuch leaps and gambols, as being accardeii to
the pipe which they bore in their mouths, even
as they danced, made a right piilure of their chief
god Pan, and his companions the fatyrs.

Siilnty, b.\.
Her hands accorded the lute's mufic to the voice;
her panting heart danced to the mufick.

Sidney, h. ii.
The lights and (hades, whofe well acardeJ ftrife
Gives all the (irength and colour of our life.

Pope's Epift.

2. To bring to agreement ; to compofe ;
to accommodate. ,

Men would not reft upon bare contrafts without
reducing the debt into a fpecialty, which created
much certainty, and acctrdtd many fuits.

Sir M. Hale.

To Acco'r D. f. n. To agree, to fuit one
with another ', with the particle w/VA.

1 hings are often fpoke, and feldom meant ;
But that my heart acccrdtth ivitb my tongue.
Seeing the deed is meritorious,
And to prefervc my fovereign from his foe.

ShaS^p.Hen.Vl
Several of the main parts of Mofcss biftory, as
concerning the flood, and the (irft fathers of the
fcve:al nations of the world, do very well acctr.i
ivith the mod ancient accounts of pmfane hiliory.
Till tfon. Sermon i.
Jarring int'refts of themfelves create
Th" accorditg mufick of a well-mixt (late. Pope.
Aoco'r-D. n./. [accord, Fr.]
I. Acompaft; an agreement ; adjuftment
of a difference.

There was no means for him to fatisfy all
obligations to God and man, but to ofler himfelf
for a mediator of an accord and peace between
them. Bacon's Hen, VII.

If both are fatisfy'd with this accord.
Swear by the laws of knighthood on my fword.

Dryd. Fat.

z. Concurrence, union of mind.

At laft fuch grace I found and means I wrought,
That I that la 'y to my Ipoufe had won,

Accord of friends, confent of parents fought,
Affiance made, my happincfs begun.

Spenfir's Fairy Sheer.
. They gathered tlicniiyvcs together, to fight

A C C

with Tofliua and Urael, with one eccorj.

•■ Jtpua, IX. 1.

Harmony, fymmetry, juft correfpond-
ence of one thing with another.

Beauty is nothiii^ clfc but a juft acard and mu-
tual harmony of the members, animated by a
healthful conftitution. Drydm't Dujrejnoj, Pre/.

. Mufical note.

Try, if there were in one ftceple two bells of
unifon, whether the ftriking of the one would
move the other, mire than If it were another
accord. Bacons Natural Hljlorj, No 281.

We muft not blame Apollo, but his lute.
If falfe accords from her diit fttings be fent.

Sir y. Daviet.

. Oxvn accord ; voluntary motion : ufed
both of perfons and things.

Ne Guyon yet fpal^e word.
Till that they came unto an iron door.
Which to them open'd of its own accorr!.

ta'ry Stuetn.
Will you blaxe any man for doing that of hia
own accord, which all men (hmld be compelled to
do, that are not willing t th.mfelvea. Hocier.
All animal fubftance.-, eipofed to tlie air, turn
alkaline of their f wn accord; and fome vegetables,
by heat, will not turn acid, but alkaline.

jlrbuthnit en Arimcr.ls.

in fpeaking, correfpondent to

6. Aftion
the words.
Titus, I am come to talk with thee. —

No, not a word: how can I grace my talk,

Wanting a hand to give it that accord?

Sbate/p. Titus And.
Acco'rdance. n./. [from accord.]

1 . Agreement with a perfon ; with the
particle iMith.

And prays he may in long accordance bide,
With that great worth which hath fuch wonder*
wrought. Fairfax, h.'n.Jlan*ab%'

2. Conformity to fomething.

The only way of defining of fin, is, by the con-
trariety to the will of God ; as of good, by the
accordance vntl) that will.

Hammond's Fundamentals.

Acco'rdant. adj. [accordant, Fr.] Wil-
ling ; in a good humour. Not in ufe.

1 he prince difcovered that he loved your niece,
and meant to acknowledge it this night in a dance;
and, if he found her accordant, he meant to take
the prefent time by the top, and inftantly break
with you of it. Skakefp. Muck ado ahout Nothing.
Ac co' R D I N c . prep, [from accord, of which
it is properly a participle, and is there-
fore never ufed but with to.]
. In a manner fuitable to, agreeably to,
in proportion.

Our churches are places provided, that the peo-
ple might there alTemble themfelves in due and
decent manner, according to their feveral degrees
and orders. Hooker, h. v. ^ 13.

Our leal, then, (houlJ be according to know-
ledge And what kind of knowledge ? Witli ut
all queftion, firft, according to the true, faving,
evangelical knowledge. It (liould be according to
the gofpcl, the whole gcfpel : not only according to
its truths, but precepts : not only according to its
fiee grace, but necelTary duties : not only accord-
ing to its mjfteries, but alfo its commandments.

Sprat's Sermtm.

Noble is the fame that is built on candour and
ingenuity, according to thofe beautiful lines of Sir
John Denham. Addijon, Sptaalor.

1. With regard to.

God made all things in number, weight, and
meafure, and gave them to be confidercJ by us ac-
tording to thefe propeities, which are inherent in
creatcJ beings. Hc:dcr en Time,

3. In proportion. The following phrafe
is, I think, vitious.

A man may, with prudence and a good con-
fclencc, approve of the profeiTed principles of one

patty

A C C

party more than the other, according as he thinks J
they bell piomotc the good of church and ftate.

Sivlft'i Church tf England Man.

Acco'roinclv. aJ'v. [from accon/.] A-
greeably, faitably, conformably.

As the a'Sions ot men are of fundry diilmft
kinds, fo the laws thereof -oiuft accori'wg'.y be dif-
tinguiihed. Ho'.kcr, b.i.

Sirrib, thou'rt faid to have a ftubborn fouf.
That apprehends no fuit'ier than this world;
And ftjuar'U thy life accord n^fy.

Shakilp. Mcufurefor Meaj.
Whoever is fo aflTuted of the authuricy and f:nk
of fcrirture, as to believe ths doSriae of it, and
to live acccjdinglyt fliall be laved.

TilUtfon's Prifacc.

Mealy fubftances, fermented, turn four. Ai-

cordinglj, given to a weak child, they dill retain

their future; fot bread will give them the cholit.

Arbutbnor en AHmcnts.

To ACCO'ST. -v. a. \accofttr, Fr.] To
fpcik to firft ; to addrefs ; to falute,

Vou millake. knight : a.-ct/? her, front her,
board her, woo her, alTail her.

Sbakfj'ftare'l Tvjelfth Night.
At length, ciiUcaing ail his ferpent wiles,
Witii foothmg words renew d, him thus accoSs.

Paraa. Reg,
I firft aca^-d him : I fu'd, I (ought,
Aod, with a loving force, to Phencus brought.

Dryd. j'Ene'td.

Acco'sTABLE. <i<^'. [from flffo/?.] Eafyof
accefs ; familiar. Not in ufe.

They were both indubitable, ftron^-, and high-
minded men, yet of fwect and accnjiahU nature,
almod equally del ghting in theprefsand affluence
of d'pendents and fultors. yf^atsn.

ACCO'UNT. n. f. [ftom the old French
accomft, from computui, Lat. it was ori-
ginally written accimpt, which fee ; but,
by gradually foftening the pronuncia-
tion, in time the orthography changed
to account. \

.1. A computation of debts or expences ; a
regifter of facts relating to money.
At many tJm^s I brought in m^ a.aui.tj^
Laid them before you ; you would threw them off,
And fay you found them in mine honefly.

Shakcfp. Timcn.
When my young mader has once got the ikill
of keeping accounti (which is a bulincfs of rear>n
more than arithmetic) i>erhaps it will not be amlfs,
that his father frj;n thenceforth require him to do
it in all his concernments. Lacke on Educ.

2. The ftate or refult of a computation ;
as, the acccunt ftands thus between us.

Behoid this have 1 fnund, faith the Preacher,
counting or.e by one, to Bnd out the acatint.

EcclefipJIkus, vii. 17.

3. Such a ftateofperfons or things, as may
make them more or lefs worthy of being
confidered in the reckoning. Value, or
ellimation.

For the care that they toik for their wives and
their children, their brethren and kinsfolks, was
in leafl iictuni with them : but the greatell and
principal fear was fur the holy temple.

z Maccah. xv, 1 1.

That good affcAion, which things of fm.Tller ar-
ttutt have once fet on work, is by fo much the
more calily raifed higher. Hocker, h. v. ^ 35.

1 fliould make more account of their judgment,
who arc rnen of fenfe, and yet have never touched
a pencil, than of the opinion given by the grcatcO
part of painters. Dryden^t D.'ijrrfr.

4. Profit ; advantage ; to /«r« to account
is to produce advantage.

We wouiJ eftablifl) our fouls in fuch a folid and
fubftintial virtue, as will turn to aacuni in that
great day, when it mull Hand the tc!l of infinite
wifdom and juflicc. Add, Sji{l, N^ 399.

A C C

. Dlftlnflion, dignity, rank.

There is fuch a peculiarity in Homer's manner
of apostrophizing Eumaus: it is generally applied,
by that poet, only to men v^ account and diftinc-
ti'on. Pope's OdylTey; *.'«.

. A reckoning verified by finding the va-
lue of a thing equal to what it was ac-
counted.

Confidering the ufual motives of human aflions,
which are pleafure, profit, and ambition, I cannot
yet comprehend howthofe pcrfons find theirarroir:;
in any of the three. Swift.

. A reckoning referred to, or fum charg-
ed upon any particular peribn ; and
thence, figuratively, regard; confidera-
lion ; fake.

If he hath wronged thee, or oweth thee aught,
put that on my account, Philemon, i. S,

This mull be always remembered, that liothiiig
can come into the account .>f recreation, that is not
done with delight. Liciecn Education, ^ 197.

In matters vvlierc his judgment led him to op-
pofe men on a public acccunt, he would do it vigo.
roufly and heartily. jitierhury's Seimoia.

The afTertion is cur Saviour's, though uttered
by him in the perfon of Abraham the father of the
faithful; who, on the <rri rant of that charafler, is
very fitly introduced. Attcrbury.

Thele tribunes kindled great dilTenfions between
the nobles and the commons, on the account of Co-
riolanus, a nobleman, wh^m the latter had im-
peached. Stvifi's Conlcfti in Athens and Rome,

Nothing can recommend itfelf to our love, on

any other account, but either as it promotes our

prefent, or is a means to alTurc to us a future Iiap-

pinefs. Rogers, Sermon v.

Sempronius gives 00 thanks on this account,

j^'dJifontCato,

J. A narrative, relation ; in this ufe it
may feem to be derived from cenie, f i .
a tale, a narration.

J. The review or examination of an affair
taken by authority ; as, the magiftrate
took an account ot the tumult.

Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened
onto a certain king, which would take acccuni of
his fervants ; and when he had begun to reckon,
one was brought unto him, which owed him ten
thoufand talents. Matt, xix. 23, 24.

10. The relation and reafons of a tranfac-
tion given to a perfon in authority.

What need we fejr who knows it, when none
can call our power f) accour.t ? '

Shitkefpiare'i Macbeth,

The true ground of morality tan only be tlie
will and law of a Cod who fris men in the dark,
has in his hands rewards and punilhments, and
power enough to call to account the proudell offen-
der. Lccki,

11. Explanation; aflignment of caufes.

It is eafy to give account, how it comes to pafs,
that though all men defire bappinefs, yet their wills
carry them fo contrarily. Locke,

It being, in our author's arroonr, a right acquired
by begetting, to rule over thofc he had begotten, it
Wis not a power poflible to be inherited, becaufe
the right, being confequcnt to, and built on, an aft
perfedlly perfonal, made that power fo too, and
impoHible til be inherited. Locke,

iz. An opinion previoufly eftablinied.

Thefc were detigned to join with the forces at
fra, there being prepared a number of fiat-bo!tomed
boats to tranfport the land forces under the wing
of the great navy : for they made no account, but
that the navy Hiould be abfolutely mafter of the
fcas. Baccn't Conftdcrations on War luiib Spain,

A prodigal young fellow, that had fold his
clothes, upon the fight of a fwallow, made account
that fummerwas at band, and away went liis fliirt
too. L'Efirange, Fab, cxxvii.

13. The reafons of any thing colleftcd.
Being convinced, upon all account!) that tbey

A C C

had the fame reafon to believe the hiftoryof our

Saviour, as that of any other perfon to which they
themfelves were not aftually cye-witneffcs, they
were bound, by all the rules of hiftorical faith, and
of right reafon, to give credit to this billory.

Addifon,

14. In law.

Account is, in the common law, taken for a writ
or adion brought againft araan, that, by means of
office or bufincl's undertaken, is to render an <if-
ccunt unto anothe'r ; as a bailiff toward hismiiftcr,
a guardian to his ward. C-tvcf,

To Acco'uNT. -v, a. [See ACCOUNT.]

1 . To efteem, to think, to hold in opinion.

That alfo was accounted a land of giants. De/it.

2. To reckon, to compute.

Neither the motion of the moon, whereby
months are computed, nor the fun, whereby years
are accounted, conCfteth of who'e numbeis.

Bronvn's Vulgar Errours,

3. To affign to, as a debt ; with the parti-
cle to.

For fome years really accrued the yearly fum of
two hundred thoufand pounds to the king's cofi'er* :
and it was, in truth, the only projcdl that was ac-
counted to his own I'ervice. Clarendon,

4. To hold in efteem ; with of.
Silver was nothing accounted of in the days of

Solomon. • - Chrtin.

ToAcco'uNT. 1/. a.

1. To reckon.

The calendar months are likewlfe arbitrarily
and unequally fettled by the fame power; by
which months we, to this day, account, and they
meafure and make up, that which we call the Ju-
lian year. Holder on Time.

2. To give an account, to aflign the caufes ;
in which fenfe it is followed by the par-
ticle/t/r.

If any one (hould a(k, why our general conti-
nued fo eafy to the lad ? I know no other way to
account for it, but by that unmeafurable love of
wealth, which his bell friends allow to be his pre-
dominant paffion. Swift,

3 . To make up the reckoning ; to anfwer ;
withyir.

Then thou flialt fee him plung'd, when lead he
fears.
At once accounting for his deep arrears.

Vryd. fu-u. Sat. xiii.
They have no uneafy prefages of a future reckon-
ing, wherein the pleafures they now talle mud be
accounted for; and may, perhaps, he outweighed
by the pains which fliall tiien lay hold of them.

Alteibury's SermoK',

4. To appear as the medium, by which
any thing may be explained.

Such as have a faulty circulation through the
lungs, ought to eat very little at a time; becaufe
the increafe of the quantity of frelh chyle mtill
make that circulation Hill more uneafy ; which.
Indeed, is the cafe of confumptivc and fome afih-
matic perfon', and accounts for the fymptoms they
are troubled with after eating.

Arbuthnot on Aliment!.
Acco'uNTABLE. «<^'. [from «CfO«»/.] Of
whom an account may be required ; who
mult anfwer for : followed by the parti-
cle te before the perfon, and_/ir before
the t'hing.

Accountable to none.
But to my confciencc and my God alone.

Oldham,
Thinking themfelves excufed from (landing
upon their own legs, or being accountable for their
own condufl, they very feldom trouble themfelves
with enquiricf^, Locke on Education,

The good magiftrate will make no diftinftion ;
fir the judgment is God's; and he will look upon
himfelf as accountable at bis bar for the equity of
it, Attcrbury's Sermons,

Accot/'Nt ANT,<ti^'. [ftom account.} Ac-
D z countable

A C C

countable to; refponfible for. Not in
ul'e.

His offence is To, as it appurs
jtcamnttnt n the law upon tiiat pain.

Stakrff,. Mtaf.fvMiaf.
I love her too,
Not out oribfolute lull (though, peradventure,
J ftand acccuntant for as great a Tin)
But partly led to diet iry revenge.

Sbaifffeari'i Othtlls.

Acco'uNTANT. n. /. [See Accompt-
ANT.] A computer ; a man fciUcd or
employed in accounts.

The different compute ef divers dates ; thefliort
and irieconcilcable years of fome ; the exceeding
crrour in the natural frame of others ; and the
falfc deduAiona of ordinary orrwnr^nfi in molt.

Brown^s Vulgar Erroun,

Acco'uNT-BOOK. »./ A book Contain-
ing accounts.

1 would endeavour to comfort myfelf upon the
• lofs of friends, as I do upon the lofs of money ;
by turning to my account-book, and feeing whether
I have enough left for ray fupport. Sivifl.

Acco'dnting. n.f. [from account.] The
aft of reckoning, or making up of ac-
counts.

This method faithfully obfenrcd, muft keep a
man from breaking, or running behind-hand in
his fpiritual eftatej which, without frequent af-
(luitiing), he will hardly be able to prevent.

Sourb*t Sermons*
To Acco'uPLE. -v. a. [accoufler, Fr.] To
join, to link together. We now nfe
couple.

He fent a folemn embaflage to treat a peace
and league with the king; accoupimg it with an
article in the nature of a requeft.

Bacon's HcirjWl.

Tfl Acco'uRACE. f. a. [Ofafolete. See
Courage.] To animate.

That forward pair ihe ever would alTuage,
When they would ftrive due reafon to exceed ;

But that fame /roward twain vouM accouragi.
And of her plenty add unto her need.

Fairy Sluten, i. ii. c. 2.

To Acco'uRT. -v. a. [See To COURT.]
To entertain with courtfhip, or courtefy ;
a word now not in ufe.

Who all this while were at their wanton reft,
.^ccourting each her friend with lavirti feaft.

Fairy f^een.

To ACCOTTTRE. t,. a, laccouirer, Fr.]
To drefs, to equip.

Is it for this th«y ftujy ? to grow pale.
And niifs the plealurcs of a glorious meal f
For this, in rags accculred are they feen.
And made the May-game of the public fpleen ?

Dryden.

Acco'vrKEMEitT.ft./,[acecu/remeat,'Fr.]
Drefs, equipage, furniture relating to
the perfon ; trappings, ornaments.

I profefs requital to a hair's breadth ; not ojjly
in tht finr.plc office of love, but in all the accc-iire-
metst, complement, and ceremony of it.

Sbair/fearc's Merry If^mcs of lyinjfor.

Chtiftianity is loft among them in the trappings
and accoutrctncnrs of it; with which, infteid of
adorning religirm, they have ftrangelj difguifed it,
and quite ftifled it in the crowd of external rites
and ceremonies. Tillotfin, Sermon xxviii.

I have feen the pope officiate at St^ Peter's,
■where, for two hours tog':ther, he was bufied in
putting .in or off his different accoulrmntt, accord-
ing to die different parts he was to aft in them.
AeUlfon, Sfeaaii-T, N" 201.

How gay with all th' accoulrcmenis of war.
The Britons come, with gold well-fraught thev
come. p/,i/,

ACCRETION. »./ [accreii,, Lit.] The

A C C

a£l of ^rmving to another, fo ai to in-

creafe it.

Plants do nourifli ; inanimate bodies do not :
they have an accretion, but no alimentation.

Bac.ns Am. Hft. N" 6c2.

The charges feem to be eftcdcd by the exhaling
of the mo'fture, which may leave the tinging cor-
pufcles more denl'e, and fomcihing augmented by
the accretion of the oily and earthy parts of that
moifture. Nrwt'jn^s Ofttict,

Infants fupport abftinence worft, from the quan-
tity of aliment confumcd \r\ accretion,

Arhuthnot or Aliments.

Accre'tive. adj .[ftomaccretion.] Grow-
ing ; that which by growth is added.

if the motion be very (low, we perceive it not :
we have no fenfe of the accreiite motion of plants
and animals : and the fly fliadow fteals away upon
the dial; and the quickelt eye can difcover no
more but that it is gone. Glanville's Scepjis.

To ACCRO'ACH. -v. a. [accrocher, Fr.]
To draw to one as with a hook ; to gripe ;
to draw away by degrees what is ano-
ther's.

Accro'achment. tt.f. [ftom accroach.l
The aft of accroaching. DiS.

To ACCRU'E. "J. n. [from the participle
accru, formed from «f<Tc;/n», Fr.]

1. To accede to, to be added to ; as, a
natural produftion or efFeft, witliout any
particular refpeft to good or ill.

The Son of God, by his incarnation, hath

changed the manner of that perfonal fubfiftence ;

no alteration thereby accruing to the natu re of God .

Hooker, h. v. § 54.

2. To be added, as an advantage or im-
provement, in a fenfe inclining to good
rather than ill ; in which meaning it is
more frequently ufed by later authors.

From which compaft there ariling an obligation
upon every one, fo to convey his meaning, there
accrues alfo a right to every one, by the fame (igns,
to judge of the fenfe or meaning of the perfon fo
obliged to exprefs himfelf. Souths Sermons.

Let the evidence of fuch a particular miracle be
never fo bright and clear, yet it is ftill but particu-
lar ; and muft therefore want that kind of force,
that degree of influence, which accrues to a land-
ing general proof, from its having been tried or
approved, and confented to, by men of all ranks
and capacities, of all tempers and interefis, of all
ages and nations. Atterhury^s Sermons.

3. To append to, orarife from : as, an ill
confequence ; this fenfe feems to be lefs
proper.

His fcholar Arlftotle, as in many other parti-
culars, folikewifeinthis, did juftlyoppofcThim, and
"became one of the authors ; choofing a certain be-
nefit, before the hazard that might accrue from
the difrefpefts of ignorant pcrfons. Wilkins.

4. In a commercial fenfe, to be produced,
or arife ; as, profits.

The yearly benefit that, out of thofe his works,
accruetb to hermajefty, amounteth to one thoufand
pounds. Carcw^s Surv.

The great profits which have accrued to the duke
of Florence from his free port, have fet feveral of
the ftates of Italy on the fame fubjeft.

Addifon on Italy.

5. To follow, as lofs ; a vitious ufe.

The benefit or lofs of fuch a trade accruing to
the government, until it comes to take root in the
nation. Temp/e's Mifc.

Accuba'tion. n.f. [from «cfa*o, to lie
down to, Lat.] The ancient pofture of
leaning at meals.

It will appear, that aecukati^n, or lying down at
meals, was a gefture ufcd by very many nations.
Brcion^s yul^ar Errotirs,

T» Accu'.UD. 11. «. [<j«»«^o, Lat.] To

A C C

lie at the table, according to the ancient
maimer. Di3.

Accu'mbent. adj. \_accumbeni, Lat.]
Leaning.

The Roman recumbent, or, more properly, ac-
cumieni poftute in eating, was Introduced alter the
fird Punic wjr. Arhutbnot on Cans.

To ACCU'MULATE. f . a. [from accu-
mule, LaM] I'o heap one thing upon an-
other ; to pile up, to heap together. It
is ufed either literally, as, to accumulate
money ; or figuratively, as, to accumu-
late merit or wickednefs.

If thou doft (lander her, and torture me,
Never pray more ; abandon all rcmorfc;
On horrors head horrors accumulate ;
For nothing canft thou to damnation add.

Sbakejp. Otbttto.
Crulht by imaginary treafons weight.
Which too much merit did accumulate.

• Sir yobn Denbam*

Accumula'tion, tt.f. [from accumu-
late.]

1 . The aft of accumulating.

One of my place in Syria, his lieutenant.
For quick accumulation of renown.
Which he atchiev'd by th' minute, loft his favour.
Sbakefpearis Antony and Cleopatra^

Some, perhaps, might othcrwife wonder at fuch
an aciumulatiin of benefits, like a kind of embroi-
dering, or lifting of one favour upon anotlier.

2. The ftate of being accumulated.

By the regular returns of it in fome people, and
their freedom from it after the morbid matter it
exhaufted, it looks as there were regular accu-
mulations and gatherings of it, as of other hu-
mours in the body. Arhutbnot on Diet,
Accumula'tive. aJj. [from accumu-
late.]

1. That which accumulates.

2. That which is accumulated.

If the injury meet not with meeknefs, it then
acquires another accumulative guilt, and (Unds
anfwcrable not only for its own pofitive ill, but
for all tlie accidental, which it caufes in the fuf-
fcrcr. Government of tbe Tongue*

Accumula'tor. tt.f. [from accumulate.]
He that accumulates ; a gatherer or
heaper together.

Injuries may fall upon the paflive man, yet,
without revenge, there would be no broils and
quarrels, the great accumulators and multipliers of
injuries. Decay of Piety,

A'ccuRACY. »./. [accuratio,'L2.t.] Ex-
aftnefs, nicety.

This perfcil artifice and accuracy might have
been omitted, and yet they have made (hift to
move. Mort,

Quicknefs of imagination is feen in the inven-
tion, fertility in the fancy, and tbe accuracy in
the exprelfiun. Drydtx,

The man who hath the ftupid ignorance, or
hardened effrontery I to infult the revealed will of
God ; or the petulant conceit to turn it into ridi-
cule ; or the arrogance to make his own per-
feiltions the mcalure of the Divinity ; or, at beft,
that can collate a text, or quote an authority,
with an infipid accuracy ; or demonftrate a plain
ptopofition, in all formality; thefe now are the
only men worth mentioning. Dclatrj,

Wc confider the uniformity of the whole de-
fign, accuracy of the calculations, and (kill in re-
ftoring and comparing paO'ages of ancient au-
thors. Arhutbnot on Coins^

A'CCURATE. adj, [accuratus. Lat.]

1 . Exaft, as oppofcd to negligence or ig-
norance, applied to pcrlbns.

2. Exaft, without defeat or failure, ap-
plied to things.

No

A C C

A C C

ACE

No m«n living has made more aeewau tri-
als than Reaumurc, that brighteft ornament of

France.

3. Detern^iate ; precifely fixed.

Oljon.

Thole conceive the celef^ial bodies have more
accurate influences upon thefe things below, than
indeed they have but in grof.. Bacon,

A'ccuRATELV. Wi'. \_{Tom accurate.'^ In
an accurate manner ; exaifily, without
errour, nicely.

Tlie fine ot' incidence is either accurately, or
very nearly, in a given ratio to the fine of refrac-
tion. Ncwiii:.

That all thefe didances, motions, and quan-
tities of matter, ihould be fo accurately and
harmonioufly adjufted in this great variety of cur
fyllem, is above the fortuitous hitsof blind matrriul
caufes, and mufl certainly flow from that eterna.
fountain of wifdom. Bctttlry.

A'ccuR ATENESS. 11./. [itOBX occuraie.]
Exaftnefs, nicety.

But I'cmetimc after, fufpefting that in making
this obfervation 1 had nut determined the diame-
ter of the fphtrc with fu£cient accurater^fs, I re-
peated tiie experiment. N^nvton.

To Accv'rse. 'V. a. [See Curse.] To
doom to mifery ; to invoke mifery upon
any one.

As if it were an unlucky comet, or as if God
had fa accurjtd it, that it ihould never ihine to
give light in things concerning our duty any way
towards him. Htj'.kcr.

When Hildebrand accurfed and cart down from
his throne Henry IV. there were none fo hardy as
to defend their lord. Sir Walter Raliigh'i E£'ays.

Accu'rsed. fart. adj.

1, That which is curled or doomed to
mifery.

•Tis the moft certain fign the world's accurfi.
That the bed things corrupted are and word.

Drvbam.

2. That which deferves the curfe ; ex-
ecrable ; hateful ; detcKable ; and, by
confequence, wicked ; malignant.

A fwift blefling
May foon rettirn to this our luffcring country,
Under a hand accurt'd ! Sbakr'peare^t Machetb.
The chief part of tiie mifc,-y of wicked men,
and thofe accurfed fpiritn, the devi's, is this, that
they are of a difpofition contrary to God. Titiotjvn.
They, like the feed from which they (prung,
ttccurjiy
Againll the g >ds immortal hated nurO. Dryrlrn.
Accu'sABLE. adj. [fromtlie verb aecuji.]
That which may be cenfured ; blame-
able ; culpable.

There would be a manifed defeat, and Nature's
improvition were juftly accufai/e -, it animals, fo
fubjc^ unto difeafes from bilious caales, ihould
want a proper conveyance for chnler.

Sroivii'i Vulgar Errourt.

Accdsa'tiok. n./. [(rom accu/e.']

1. The aft of accufing.

Ihus they in mutual accujatioti fpent
The fruidefi hours, but neither felf- condemning.
And of their vain contcft appear'd no end. M'lli'^n,

2. The charge brought againft any one
by the accufer.

You read
Thefe acrufaihns, and thefe grievous crimes
Committul by your perfoo, and your followers.

Hhakefpeare.
Ail accujatiiti, in the very nature of the thing,
Aiil fuppofing, and being founded upon fome law :
frr where there is no law, there can be no tinnf-
greflion ; and where there can be no tranfgrefiijn,
1 am furc there ought to be no accufatien.

South,

3. [Ill the fenfe of the courts.] A decla-
jation of ibme crime preferred before a

competent judge, in order to infli£l fome
judgment on the guilty perfon.

Ayliff'e^s Parergon.
Accu'sATiVE. a<?Jr'. [accuj'atii'us, La.t.] A
term of grammar, fignifying the rela-
tion of the noun, on which the adlion
implied in the verb terminates.
Accu'sATORY. adj. [from accii/i.'\ That
which produceth or containeth an accu-
fation.

In a charge of adultery, the accufer ought to
fet forth, in the accu/atory libel, fome certain and
definite t'mc. Ayl'iffe.

To ACCU'SE. -v. a. [accu/o, Lat]

1. To charge with a crime. It requires
the particle 0/ before the fubjedl of ac-
cufation.

He ftripp'd the bears-foot of its leafy growth j
And, calling wcftcrn winds, accused the fpring of
floth. Drydeni Virgil,

The profcfibrs are accufcd cfM the ill prafljccs
which may (zzai to be the ill confequenccs of their
principles. Addijon.

2. It fometimes admits the particle_/or.

Never ftrnd up a k*g of a fowl at fupper, while
there is a cat or dog in the houfe, that can be ac-
cused f,.r run.iing away with it : But, if there
happen to be neither, you mutt lay it upon the rats,
or a llrange greyhound. Sviift,

3. To blame or cenfure, in oppofition to
applaufe or jullification.

'I'heir CDnfcieiiCe bearing witnefs, anJ their
thoughts the mean while accujing or elfe exculing
one another. Rem. ii. i 5.

Your valour would your floth too much accujc,

And therefore, like the;jfelves, they princes choofe.

VrydttCi Tyravrick Love.

Accv'sER. n. /. [from accuji,'] He that
brings a charge againft another.

There are fome perfons forbidden to be accuftrs,
on the fcore of their fex, as women ; others, of
their age, as pupils and infants ; others, Ujmn the
account of fome crimes committed by them ; and
others, on the fcore of fome filthy lucre they pro-
pofe to gain thereby j others, on the fcore of their
conditions, 3i libertines againli their patrons ; and
others, through a fufpicion of calumny, as having
once already given falfe evidence ; and, lailly,
others on account of their poverty, as not being
worth more than fifty aurei, Ayliffci Parcrgon,

—That good man, who dracic the pois'nous
draught,
With mind ferene, and could not wifli to fee
His vile accufer drank as deep as he. Drydcn.

If the perfon accufed maketh his innocence
plainly to appear upon his trial, the accufer is im-
mediately put to an ignominious death J and, out
of his goods and lands, the innocent perfon is
quadruply recompenfed. Guirrvers Travels,

To ACCU'STOM. t/. a. [acautumer, Fr.J
To habituate, to enure, with the par-
ticle to. It is ufed chiefly of perfons.

How fhali we breathe in other air
Lefs pure, accufiivt'd to immortal fruits ? Milton.
It iias been fome advantage to accuflitn one's
felf 10 books of the fame edition.

fVatts's Itnfrmemnt of the Mind-
To Acc'oSTOM. 11. /r. To be wont to do
any thing. Obfolete.

A boat over-freighted funk, and all drowned,
fav'ng one woman, that in her firft pepping up
again, which moft living things accuficjm, got holj
of the boat. Corciv,

Acco'sTOMAELE. adj. [from accujfom.l
Of long cuftom or habit j habitual,
cuftomary.

Animjls even of the fame original, extraftion,
and fpecies, may be divcrufied by accufiomabk re-
Hdeiicc Ul one clitnacc, from what they are in ano-
ther. Halt i Origin of Mankind.

adv. According to

AcCu'sTOMABLY.

cuftom.

Touching the king's fines accufiomahly paid for
the purchafing of writs original, I find no certain
beginning of them, and do therefore think that
they grew up with the chancery.

Bacon's Alienatien*
Accu'sTOMANCE. tt.f. \accoutumance, Fr.J
Cuftom, habit, ufe.

Through accufiomance and negligence, and per-
haps fome other caufes, we neither feel it in our
own bodies, nor take notice of it in others. Boyle.

Accu'sTOM ARiLY. Wi;. In a cuftomary
manner ; according to common or cuf-
tomary praftice.

Go on, rhetorick, and expofe the peculiar emi-
nency which you accufltmarily marflial before logic
to public view. Clcaveland.

Accu'sTOM AR Y. adj. [from accu/}om.'\
Ufual, praftifed ; according to cuftom.

Accu'sTOMED. adj. [from accujiom.'\ Ac-
cording to cuftom ; frequent ; ufual.

Look how Jhe rubs her hands. — Ic is an ac~
cuflomed atflion with her, to feem thus wafhing her
hands : 1 have known her continue in this a quar-
ter of an hour. Sbakefj^earis Macbeth.

AcE. n,/. [As not only fignified a piece
of money, but any integer, from whence
is derived the word ace, or unit. Thus
Aj fignified the whole inheritance. Ar-
huthnot on Coins, ]

I. An unit; a fmgle point on cards or
dice.

When lots are (huffled together in a lap, urn, ot
pitcher; or if a man bit.ijfold carts a die, what
reafon in the world can he have to prefume, that
he rtiall draw a white ftone rather than a black, or
throw an ace rather than a fife ? South.

I. A fmall quantity; a particle; an atom.
He will ni>t bate an ace of abfolute certainty;
but however doubtful or improbable the thing is,
coming from him it muft go for an indifputable
truth. Government of the Tongue.

I'll not wag an ace farther ; the whole world
fiiall not bribe me to it. Dryden^s Spanijh Friar..

Ac e'p H A LOUS .rJ(^'. [axi^aX®-, Gr.jWith-
out a head. Diff.

Ace'rb. adj. [aceriiis, hat.'] Acid, with
an addition of roughnefs, as moft fruits
are before they are ripe. ^incy,

Ace'rbity. n.f. [acerbitas, Lat.]

1. A rough four tafte.

2. Applied to men,^lharpncfs of temper j
feverity.

True it is, that the talents for criticifm, namely,
fmartnefs, quick cenfure, vivacity of remark, in-
deed all but acerbity, fccm rather the gifts of youth
than of old a^ic. Pope.

To ACE'RVATE. i-. a. [acervo, Lat.]

To heap up. Dia.

AtERVA'TI0^J. n.f. [from acer'vate.'\ The

aft of heaping together.
Ace'rvose. adj. Full of heaps. Diil.
AcE'iCENT. adj. [ace/cetts, Lat.] That

which has a tendency to fournefs or aci>

dity.

The fame perfons, perhaps, had enjoyed their
health as well with a mixture of animal dirt, qua-
lified with a fufticicnt quantity of acefccnts^ as^
bread, vinegar, and fermented liquors.

Arbutbnot on Aliments.

AcETo'sE. ai^'. That which has in it any
thing four. Di^.

AcETo'siTY. n.f. [from acito/e,] The
ftate of being acctoie, or of containing
fournefs. Di^.

Ace'tous. adj. [from actttim, vinegar,

Lat.]

A C H

Lat.] Having the quality of vinegar ;
four.

RiiuDS, which confid chiefly of the juice of
gripet, infpinated in the ikies or hulka by the
avoljcion of the fupeifluouimoiflure through their
pores, being dillillol in a retort, did not affurd
any vinous, but rather an acfteus fpirit. Boyte*

Ache. n./. [ac*. Sax. ax®'» G""- "O*^ ge-
nerally written ake, and in the plural
akes, of one fy liable; the primitive man-
ner being preferved chiefly in poetry,
for the fake of the meafure.] A con-
tinued pain. See Ake.

I'll rack thee with oM cramps;
Fill all thy bones with athes, make thee roar
That beajts Oiall tremble at thy din. Shaiefpeare.

A coming fliow'r your (hooting corns prelate,
Old acbci will throb, your hollow tooth will ra^e.

SioJj't.

To Ache, i: n, [See Ache.] To be in
pain.

Upon this account, our fcnfcs are dulled and
fpert by any extraordinary intention, and our very
eyes will actt, if long fixed upon any difficultly
difcerned object. GlanviUc.

To ACHI'EVE. f. a. [achever, Fr. to
complete.]

1. To perform, to finiQi a defign pro-
fpcroufly.

Our toils, my friends, are crown'd with furc fuc-
cefs I
The greater parf perform'd, acb'uve the lefs. Dryd*

2. To gain, to obtain.

Experience is by induftry, fffi/fvV,
And perfeflcd by the fwift coui fe of time. Shakeff.

Tranio, 1 burn, I pine, 1 pcrilh, Tranio,
If 1 atblevt not this young modcH gi:l.

Shakifpeare.

Thou haft achieved our liberty, conlin'd
Witliin helUgates till now. Miltcit,

Show all the fpoils by valiant kings achiev'J,
And groaning nations by their arms rcliev'd. Prior,

Achi'ever. »./. He that performs ; he
that obtains what he endeavours after.

A viftory is twice itfclf, when the achk-ver
brings home full numbers.

Sbaktfpeari: Much ado about Nctbing.
Achi'evement. »./. [ackevement, Fr.^

1. The performance of an adion.

From every coaft that heaven walks about.
Have thither come the noble martial crc'-v,
That/amous hard achievements dill purfuc.

Fairy ij^tf/rcff.

2. The efcutcheon, or enfigns armorial,
granted to any man for the performance
of great aflions.

Then (hall the war, and ftern debate, and ftrife
Immortal, be the bus'nefs of my life j
And in thy fame, the dufJy fpoils among,
High on the burniih'd roof, my banner (hall be

hung;
Rank'd with my champion's bucklers, and below,
With arms rcvers'd, th' atbicv^ments of the for.

Dr^iUti.
Achie-vemeiitj in the firft fenfe, is derived
■ from achienje, as it figiiifies to perform ;
in the fecond, from achieve, as it im-
ports to gain.
A'cHiNG. n.f. [(torn acbe.'\ Pain; un-
eafinefs.

When old age comes to wait upon a great and
worlhipful fmncr, it comes atiended with many
painful girdi and acbingt, called the gout. South.

A'CHOR. n.f. \ach6r, Lat. ix^^j, Gx.fur-
fur.^ \ fpccies of the herpes ; it appears
with a crully fcab, which caufc'- an itch-
ing on the furface of the head, occa-
fioned by a fait Iharp ferum oozing
through the fkin. ^lincy.

A C K

A'CID. at/J. [adJus, Lat. aciJt, Fr.] Sour,
{harp.

Wild trees laft longer than garden trees; and
In the fame kind, thole whofe fruit Is acij, mote
than thafe whofe fruit is fweet.

Baton's Natural Uifi'.ry.

jlcid, or four, prnceedj from a fait of the fame
nature, without mixture of oil ; in aufterc taftes
tl>e oily parts have not difentangled thenifclvcs
from the falts and earthy puts ; luch i> the t.iftc
of unripe fruits. Arhuthnot m Alimtrut.

Liquors and fubflances are called acidt, which
being compofed of pointed particles, aft'efl the
tafte in a (harp and piercing manner. The com-
mon way of trying, whether any particular liquor
hath in it any particles of this kind, is by mix-
ing it with fyrup of violets, when it will turn ot
a led colour; but if it contains alkaline or lixivia!
particles, it changes that fyrup green. Sluircy.
Aci'dity. n.f. [fromaaV.] The quality
of being acid ; an acid tafte ; iharpnefs ;
fournefs.

Filhes, by the help of a dilTolvent liquor, cor-
rode and reduce thei?~meat, (kin, bones, and all,
into a chylus or cremor ; and yet this liquor ma-
nifc'.s nothing of acidity to ihe tafte. R.y.

When the tafte of tlie mouth is bitter, it is a
fign of a redundance of a bilious alkali, and de-
mands a quite dilTerent diet from the cafe of aci-
dity or fournefs. Arhuthnii on Alimtr.n.

A'ciDNEss. »./ [fromof/V.] Thequality
of being acid; acidity. See Acid iry.

ACFDVLjE. n.f. [that is, aqua acitiuU.'\
Medicinal fprings impregnated with
ftiirp particles, as all the nitrous, chaly-
beate, and alum fprings are. ^incy.
The acidu/ar, or medical Iprings, emit a greater
quantity of their minerals than ufual ; and even
the ordinary fprings, which we-e before clear,
frelh, and limpid, become thick and turbid, and
are impregnated with fulphur and other mine-
rals, as long as the earthquake lafts.

fVcfodward^ s Natural H'jiory

To Aci'dulate. n). a. [acidukr, Fr.]
To impregnate or tinge with acids in a
flight degree.

A diet of frelh unfaltcd things, watery liquors
ac'dulatidf farinaceous emollient fubftances, four
milk, butter, and acid fruits.

Arhuthnot on Aliments.

To ACKNO'^VLEDGR. -v. a. [a word
formed, .is it feems, between the Latin
and Englifh, from cgnofco, and knoiti-
ledge, which is deduced from the Saxon
cnapan, to kno'w.'\

1. To own the knowledge of; to own any
thing or perfon in a particular cha-
racler.

My people do already known my miiid.
And will acknowledge you and JilTica,
In placcof lord Baffanioard niylelf. Sbaiijftare.

None tliat ackno^ckdge God, or providence.
Their fouls eternity did ever duubt. Davits.

2. To confefs ; as, a fault.

For I ackniKvltdgt my ttanfgreffions ; and my
(in is ever before me. fjalm li. 3.

3. To own ; as, a benefit ; fomctimes
with the particle to before the perfon
conferring the benefit.

His fpirit

Taught them; but they his gifts aeinowMg'd

not. Mihm.

In tbc'(irft place, therefore, I thankfully ac-

inmvltdge to the Almighty power the alTiftar.cc he

his given me in the beginning, and the profecu-

tion of my prefent ftudies. Dryder.

Ac KNo'wLE DOING, a.-lj. [from acknoiu.

ledge.] Grateful ; ready to acknowledge

benefits received. A Gallicifm, recon-

noiffant.

A C O

He has diewn his hero acimoviledging aod OR*
grateful, campa(ri >nate and hard-hearCed ; but, at
the bottom, fickle and fclf-intcrefted.

Drydcn's Vtrgil.
Ac K N o'wL E O c M E N T . n.f. [from acknoitt-
ledge.]

1. Conccffion of any charafter in ano-
ther ; as, exiftence, fuperiority.

The due contemplation of the human nature
doth, by a necelTary cortnexion and chain of
caufcs, carry us up to the unavoidable ackn&w..
ledgmnt of the Doitj- ; becaufe it carries every
thinking man to an original of every fucceffive in-
dividual. Hall's Origin of Maniind,

2. Conceflion of the truth of any pofl-
tion.

Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the
chriftian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Fhilip.

Uocier,

3. Confeflion of a fault.

4. Confeflion of a benefit received ; gra-
titude.

5 . Aft of atteflation to any conceflion ;
fuch as homage.

■i'hcre be many wide countries in Ireland, in
which the laws of England were never eftablilhed,
nor any acknonvhdgment of fubjcdlion made.

apenjcr's State ef Ireland,

6. Something given or done in confeflion
of a benefit received.

The fecond is an aeknototedgtntnt to his ma-
jefty for the leave of fi(hing upon his coafts ; and
though this may not be grounded upon any treaty,
yet, if it appear to be an ancient right on our fide,
and cuftom on theirs, not determined or cx-
tingui(hed by any treaty between us, it may with
juftice be iniifted on. lemflt's Mij'ccilanics, ■

J'CME. n.f. [i.,,,.,.,GT.'\ The height of
any thing ; more efpecially ufed to
denote the height of a diftcmper, which
is divided into four periods, i. The
arche, the beginning or firft attack.
2. Anahafis, the growth. 3. Acme, the
height. And, 4. Paracme, which is the
declenfion of the diftemper. i^iney.

Aco'i.OTHisT. n.f [azo^^fSiw, Gr.] One
of the lowelt order in the Romifti church,
whofe office is to prepare the elements
for the offices, to light the church, Wr.

it is duty, according to the papal law, when
the Vi(hop rii-igs mafs, to order all the inferior
clergy to appear in their proper hab'.ts ; and to Lc
that all the offices of the church he rightly per-
formed J to ordain the atolothiji, to keep the facred
velfels. Ayi.fe's Parirgon.

A'coLYTE. n.f. The fame with AcoLO-

THIST.

A'coN'iTE. n.f. [aeonitutn, Lat.] Properly
the herb wolfs-bane, but commonly ufed
in poetical language for poifon in ge-
neral.

Our land is from the rage of tygers freed.
Nor nourilhcs the lion's angry feed ;
Nor pois'nous aconite is here produc'd,
Or grows unknown, or is, »hcn known, refus'd.

Drjdtlh

Dcfpair, that aconite docs prove.
And certain death to others' iovc.
That poifon never yet withftood.
Does nouri(h mine, and turns to blood.

Granville.

A'coRK. n, /. [jEcepn, Sax. from ac, an
oak, and cojin, corn or grain ; that is,
the grain or fruit of the oak.] The feed
or fruit born by the oak.

Errour:., fuch as are but acorns in our younger

brows, grovi oaks in our older heads, and become

indexible. Brtvi*.

4 Content

A C CL

A C Q^

Content with food which nature freely bredi
On wildings and on ftrawbcrries they fed ;
Cornels and bi amble-berries gave the reft,
And falling actiriu furnifli d out a feaft.

Dryjen^s 0-vid,

He that is nouriflied by the aeoms he picked up
under an oak, or the apples he gathered from the
trees in tiie wood, has ceruinly appropriated them
to himfelf. Lotit.

A'cORNED. adj .\Jrom acorn.'] Storedwith
acorns.

Like a full acorn d boar> Shahefp<rare.

Aco'usTi CKS. ».yl [AxbiT<*,of iieaw, Gr.

to hear.]
r. The doftrine or theory of founds.
2. Medicines to help the hearing, ^iney.
To ACOyAl'NT. 1/. a. [accointer, Fr.]

1. To make familiar with; applied either
to perfons or things. It has luith before
the objeft.

We that acquaint ourfelves laith ev'ry zone,

And pafs the cropicks, and behold each pole ;
When we come home, arc to ourfelves unknown,

And unacquainted ftill with our own foul.

Dalits.

There •uiilh thee, new welcome faint.
Like fortunes may her foul acouaint, Milton,

Before a man can fpeak ■ n any fubjeft, it is
neceflary to be acjuainitd viitb it.

Locke on Education,

jlcauaint yourfelves luitb things ancient and
modern, natural, civil, and religious, domeftic and
national ; things of your own and foreign countries ;
and, above all, be well acfuainird viiih God and
yourfelve»; learn animal nature, and the workings
of your own fpirits. IVatti'i Lopck.

2. To inform. With is more in ufe before
the objeft than of.

But for fome other reafonj, my grave Sir,
Which is not fit you know, I not ac-jLaint
My father c/this bufinefs.

Sheiefpe!tre\ T-wtlJtb Night.

A friend in the cotintry acquaints nic, that two

or three men of the town are got among them, and

have brought words and phralcs, which were never

before in thofe parts. Tallir.

Acqu a'intakce. n.f. [accoiittance, Fr.]

1, The Bate of being acquainted with;
familiarity, knowledge. It is applied
as well to perfons as things, with the
particle "witb.

Nor was his arqaaintattce left w'ltb the famous
eoetsof hit age, than ■with the noblemen and ladies.

Dr,dc<i.

Our admiration of a famous man IclTens upon
our nearer acquaintance tcitb him ; and we feldon.
hear of a celebrated perfon, without a catalogue ol
iome DOtorioui weaknelTei and infirmitie*.

jiddifoti.

Would we be admitted into an acquaintance v^ith
God, let ut ftudy to re.''emble him. We muft be
partakers of a divine nature, in order to partake oi
this high privilege ar-d alliance. jiitertury.

2. Familiar knowledge, fimply without a
prepofition. _

Brave foldicr, pardon me.
That any accent breaking from mi^-tonguc.
Should 'Icape the true acquaintance of mine ear.

Sbaltejpejre.
This keept the underftanding long in convrrle with
ao objefl, and long converfe brings acquaintance.

Soutb.
In what manner he lived with thofe who were
of his neighbourhood and acquaintance^ how obli-
ging his carriage wat to them, what kind offices he
did, and was always ready to do them, 1 forbear
particularly to fay. Atierbury.

%. A flight or initial knowledge, fhort of
friendfhip, as applied to perfons.

I b'jpe 1 am pretty near feeing you, and there-
fore I would cultivate an acquaintance i becanfe if
you do oot know mc when we meet, yon need only

keep one of my letters, and compare it with my
face ; for my face and letters are counterparts of
my heart. Sivift to Pcfe.

A long noviciate of acquaintance ihould precede
the vows of friendlhip. Bolinghroke.

4. The perfon with whom we are ac-
quainted ; him of whom we have fome
knowledge, without the intimacy of
friendfhip.

In this fenfe, the plural is, in fome
authors, acquaintance, in others acquain-
tances.

But (lie, all vow'd unto the red-crofs knight,
His wand'ring peril clofcly did lament,

Ne in this new acquaintance could delight,
But her dear heart with anguilh did torment.

Fairy ^een.

That young men travel under fome tutor, I
allow well, fo that he be fuch a one that may be
able to tell them what acquoinfancei they are to
fcek, what exercifes ordifcipline the place yieldeth.

Bacon.

This, my lord, has juftly acquired you as many
friends, as tlicre are perfons who have the honour
to be known to you ; mere acquaintance you have
none, you have drawn them all into a nearer line j
and they wiio have converfedwith you, are for ever
after inviolably yours. Dryden.

We fee he isadianied of his neareft acquaintances.
* Bcylc againji B entity.

Acoyji'iNTZD. ac/J. [from acquaint.] Fa-
miliar, well known ; not new.

Now call we our high court of parliament ;
That war or peace, or both at once may be
As tiungs acquainted and familiar to us. Shakeff.
Acqjj e'st. n.J. [acquejl, Fr. irotaacquerir,
written by fome acquift, with a view to
the woid acquire, or acquijiia.] Attach-
ment, acquifltion ; the thing gained.
New acquifls are moreburdea than Itrcngth.

Bacon.

Mud, repofed near the oRea of rivers, makes

continual additions to the land, thereby excluding

the fea, and preferving thefe (hells as trophies and

figns of its new acquit and encroachments.

iyocdivard.

To ACOyi'ESCE. t;. n. [acquie/cer, Fr.

acqutejcere, Lat.] To reft in, or remain

fatisiied with, without oppofition or dif-

content. It has in before the objeft.

Others will, upon account of the receivednefs
of the propofed opinion, think it rather worthy to
b^ examined than acquifjctd in. Boyle.

Nc.thcr a bare approbation of, nor a mere wish-
ing, nor una^ive complacency in j nor, laftly, a
natural inclination to things virtuous and good,
can pafs before God for a man's willing of f'ucii
things i and, confcquently, if men, upon this ac-
count, will needs take up and acquitfce in an airy
ungrounded perfuafion, tiial they will thafe things
which really they not will, tlicy fall thereby into a
grofs and fatal delufion. South.

He hath empl'yed his tranfcendentwifdom and
power, that by thefe he might make way for his
benignity, at the end wherein they ultimately ac-
quiefce. Creiv.

Accjuie'scence. n./. [from euqtii,/ce.]

1. A filent appearance of content, dilUn-
guilhedon one fide from avowed confent,
on the other from oppofition.

Neither from any of che nobility, nor of the
clergy, who were thought moftaverfelrom it, tliere
appeared any llgn of coutradiOion to that; but an
entire acquiejcace in all the hiihops thought tit tn
do. Clarendon.

2. Satisfaftion, reft, content.

Many indeed have ^ivcn over their purfuits after
fame,either from di f ippointmcnt,or from experience
of the little picalurc which attends it, or the better
informations or natural c-^ldn-rfs of old age; but
fi'Idom from a full fatisfadtioii and acquicjance in
their prefent enjoymcntj of it. AdJifon,

A C Q^

3. Submlffion, confidence.

The grenteft part of the world take up their pcr-
fuafions concerning good and evil, by an implicit
faith, and a full acquiefcence in the word of tliofe,
who (hall rcprcfent things to them under thefe cha-
rafters. South.

AcQjri'RABLE. adj. [from acquire.] That
which may be acquired or obtained ;
attainable.

Thofe rational inlUnfls, the connate principles
engraven in the human foul, though they are truths
acquirable and deducible by rational confequence
and argumentation, yet fcem to be infcribed in the
very crafis and textuie of the foul, antecedent to
any acquifition by induftry or the exercife of ths
difcurfive faculty in man.

HaWs Origin of Mankind.

If the powers of cogitation and volition, and
fenfation, are neither inherent in matter as fuch,
nor acquirable to matter by any motion or modifi-
cation of it ; It necellarily follows, that they pro-
ceed from fome cogitative fubftance, fome incor-
poreal inhabitant within us, which we call fpirit
and fiul. Bcntley.

To ACC^I'RE. v. a. [acqiierir, Fr. ac-
quiro, Lat.]

1 . To gain by one's own labour or power ;
to obtain what is not received from na-
ture, or tranfmitted by inheritance.

Better to leave undone, than by our deed
Acquire too high a fame, while he, we ferve, 'a
away. Shakefp. Antony and Cleopatra,

2. To come to ; to attain.

Motion cannot be perceived without the percep-
tion of its terms, viz. the parts of fpacc which it
immediately left, and thofe which it next acquires.
Glan-ville^s Scepjis,
Acqv I'titD, farticip. adj. [irora acquire.]
Gained by one's felf, in oppofition to
thofe things which are beftowed by na-
ture.

We are feldom at eafe, and free enough from "
the f.)licitation of our natural or adopted defires ;
but a conftant fuccclfion of uneafintlfcs, out of
that ftock, which natural wants, or acquired habits,
have heaped up, take the will in their tuins.

Locke,
Acc^ui'rer. n.f. [from acquire.] The

perfon that acquires ; a gainer.
AcQj;i'REMENr.ff./ [iioaxacqicire.] That
which is acquired ; gain ; attainment.
The word may be properly uled in op-
pofition to the gifts of nature.

Thele his acquirements, by induftry, were ex-
ceedingly both enriched and enlarged by many
excellent endowments of nature.

H^tyivard on Edivard VI,
By a content and acquiefcence in every fpeciea
of truth, we embrace the fhadow theicof; or fo
much as may palliate itsjuft and fubftantial <:e-
quirements. Brcrwn^s Vulgar Errours,

It is very difficult to lay down rules for the ac-
quirement c.i a tafte. The faculty muft, in fome
deg,ec, be born with us. Addifon.

Acquisi'riON. n./, \_acquiJilio,'LsX,]

1 . The aft of acquiring or gaining.

Each man has but a limited right to the good
things of the world ; and the natural allowed way,
by "which he is to compafs the po/le(lion of tliefe
things, is by his own induftrious acquifition of
them. South.

2, The thing gained ; acquirement.

Great Sir, all acquifition
Of glory as of empire, here I lay before
Your royal feet. Denkani*s Sophy,

A ftate can never arrive to its period in a more
dcpl'irabic crifis, than when Ibme prince lies hover-
ing like a vulture to difmember Its dying carcali: ;.
by wliich means it becomes only an acquifition to
fome mighty monarchy, without hopes of a rcfur-

ireftioB. ^ S-wift^

Acqjii'bitivs,

A C Q^

Acqyi*«ITIVK. adj. [acqmjtlivtts, Lat.]
That whidi is acquired or gained.

He diej not in his aefuifitive buc in liis nativf
foil ; nature hcrfelf, as it were, claiming a Ana)
intercft in his btdy, when fortune had done with
him. IVaton.

Acqui'sT. n.f. [See AcquEST.] Ac-
quirement ; attainment ; gain. Not in
ufe.

His fervant he with new acquiji
Of true experience from this great cvrnf,
With peace and confolation hath difmift. MUtor..

To ACQUIT, v. a. [acquitier, Fr. See

Quit.]
I. Tofet free.

Nc do 1 with (for wi/hing were but vain)
To be acquit from my continual fmart ;

But joy her thrall for ever to remain.
And yield for pledge my poor captived heart.

Sfenjtr.

a. To clear from a charge of guilt ; to ab-
folve ; oppofed to condemn, either fimply
with an accufative ; as, the jury acquitted
him, or with the particles from or of,
which is more common, before the crime.

If I fin, then thou markeft me, and thou wilt
not acquit me from mine iniquity. ^oi, x. 14.

By the fuDVage of the moft and beft he is already
acquittedftai, by tbefencenceof fome, condemned.

Dryden,

He that judges, without informing himfelf to
the utmoft chat he is capable, cannot acquit iiim'
felf ©/"judging amifs. Locke.

Ncitlier do I refiedt upon the memory of his
majefty, whom I entirely atpi/f of my Imputation.

Swift,

3. To clear from any obligation.

Steady to my principles, and not difpirjted with
my affliilions, I have, by the blefling of God on
my endeavours, overcome all difficulties ; and, in
fome mealurc, acquitted mrfclf of the debt which
I owed the publick, when I undertook this work.

Dryden.

4. In a /imilar fenfe, it is faid. The man
hath acquitted him/elf luell i that is, he
hath difcharged his duty.

Acqjii'tment. n.f [from acquit.] The
ftate of being acquitted ; or ad of ac-
quitting.

The word imports properly an acquittiunt or dif-
tharge of a man upon fome precedent accufatlon,
and a full trial and cognizance of hit caufe had
thereupon. Souib,

^cquj'ttal. «./. In law, is a deliver-
ance and fetting free from the fufpicion
or guiltinefs of an offence.' Ccnuel.

The conllant defign of both thefe orators, was
to drive fome one particular point, either the con-
demnation or acquittal oi an accufed pcrfon.

Sivft.
To Acqui'ttance. I/, a. To procure an
acquittance ; to acquit j a word not in
prefent ufe.

But if black fcandal and fouI-facM reproach.
Attend the fcquci of your impofition.
Your mere enforcement (hall acquittance me
From all the impure blots and flalns thereof

Shakefj}care.

Acqui'ttance. n.f. [from acquit.]
I. tHc aft of difcharging from a debt.

But foon fliall find
Forbearance, no acquittance, ere day end
Juftice fliall not return, as beauty, fcorn'd.

Milton.
1. A writing teftifying the receipt of a
debt.

You can produce acquitlanca
For fuch a fum, from fpecial officers
Of Charles hit father.

Siiaicffeare'i Lfot't Labmr Loji.

A C R

They quickly pay their debt, and then
Take no acquittances, but pay again. Donne.

The fame man bought and fold to himfelf, paid
the money, and gave the acquittance, yirhuthnot.
A'cRE. n.f. [JEcjM, Sax.] A quantity of
land containing in length forty perches,
and four in breadth, or four thoufand
eight hundred and forty fquare yards.

Dia.

Search every acre in the high-grown field.
And bring him to our eye. Sbakefp. Kin^ Lear.
A'cRiD. adj. [acer, Lat.] Of a hot biting
tafte ; bitter ; fo as to leave a painful
heat upon the organs of tafte.

Bitter and acrid dift'cr only by the (harp particles
of the firft being involved in a greater quantity of
oil than thofc of the laft. j^rbutbnot on Aliments.

Acrimo'nious. adj. Abounding with
acrimony ; fharp ; corrofive.

If gall cannot be tendered acrimonious, and bitter
of itfelf, then whatever acrimony or amaritude
redounds in it, muH be from the admixtare oi
melancholy. Harvey on Conjuntptiom.

A'cRiMONY. n.f. [acrimenia, Lat.]

1 . Sharpnefs, corrofivenefs.

Thctu be plants that have a milk in them when
they are cut; as, figs, old lettuce, fow-thiftles,
fpurge. The caufe may be an inception of putre-
faflion : for thnfe milks have all :inacrimony, though
one Ihould think they Ihould be lenitive.

Sacen's Natural Hifttry.

ThechymilH define fait, from fome of its pro-
perties, to be a body fufible in the fire, congealable
again by cold into brittle glebes or crydaU, foluble
in water, fo as to difappear, not malleable, and ha-
ving fomcthing in it which affects the organs of
tafte with a fenfation of acrimony or fliarpnefs.

Arhutbnot,

2. Sharpnefs of temper, feverity, bitter-
nefs of thought or language.

John the Baptift fet himfelf, with much acri-
mony and indignation, to bafBe this fenfelefs arro-
gant conceit of theirs, wliich made them huff at
the doilrine of repentance, as a thing below them,
and not at all belonging to them. St/utb.

A'c R I T u D E . n. jf. [from acrid. ] An acrid
tafte ; a biting heat on the palate.

In green vitriol, with iti aftringent and fwectijh
taftes, is joined foute acritudct

Grcvj's Mujteum.

Acroama'tical. fl;^'. [aKjoao^t, Gr. I
hear.] Of or pertaining to deep learn-
ing ; the oppoiite of exoterical.

Acroa'ticks. n.f. [Axgoolixa, Gr.] Ari-
ftotle's leftures on the more nice and
principal parts of philofophy, to which
none but friends and fcholars were ad-
mitted by him.

Acro'nycal. adj. [from uic^0-, Jiimmui,
and >iy|, nox ; importing the beginning
of night.] A term of aftronomy, applied
to the ftars, of which the rifmg or fetting
is called acronycal, when they either ap-
pear above or fink below the horizon at
the time of funfet. It is oppofed to
cofmical.

Acro'nycally. ad<v. [from acronycal.]
At the acronycal time.

He is tempeltuous in the fummer, when he
rlfes heliacally, and rainy in the winter, when he
r\ie% acronycaily. Dryden,

A'crospire. n.f. [fromax^®' ando-B-ir^a,
Gr.] A fhoot or fprout from the end of
feeds before they are put in the ground.

Many corns will fmilt, or have their pulp turned
into a fubftance like thick cream ; and will fcitd
forth their fubftaucc in an acrojfirt^ Mortimer.

ACT

A'cROspiRED./ar/. adj. Having fprouts,
or having ftiot out.

For want of turning, when the malt is fpread
on the Hrior, it comes and fprouts at both ends,
which is called acrofjiircd, and is fit only for fwine.

Mortimer*

AcRo'ss. adv. [from a for at, or the
French a, as it is ufed in a traijers, and
crofs.] Athwart, laid over fomethinj
fo as to crofs it.

The harp hath the concave not along the ftringS|
but acrofs the ftrings ; and no harp hath the found
fo melting and prolonged as the IriQi harp.

Bacon.

This view'd, but hot enjoy' J, with arms acrofr
He Hood, reflecting on his country's lofs. Dryden*

There is a fet of urtizans, who, by the help of
feveral poles, which they lay acoji each ochers
Ihoulders, build thcmfelv.'-i up into a kind of pyra-
mid j fo that you fee a pile of men in the air of four
or five rows rifing one above another, Addifcn.
AcRo'sTiCK. n.f [from ixf®- and rt%®'»
Gr.] A poem in which the firft letter
of every line being taken, makes up
the name of the perfon or thing on
which the poem is made.

ACRO'STICK. adj.

I. That which relates to an acroftick.
z. That which contains acrofticks.

Leave writing plays, and chnofe for thy command
Some peaceful province in acnjlick land :
There thou may'ft wings difplay, and altars raife.
And torture onepoor'word ten thoufand ways.

Dryden.

J'CROTERS, or ACROTE'RIA. n. f
[from ait^ot, Gr. the extremity of any
body.] Little pcdeftais without bafes,
placed at the middle and the two ex-
tremes of pediments, fometimes fervihg
to fupport rtat.ues.
To ACT. T. n. [ago, aQum, Lat.]
I. To be in action, not to reft. '

He hangs between in duubt t> aH or re/l. Ftpe,

z. To perform the proper funftions.

Albe't the will is not callable \}t beifvg compelled
to any of its actings, yet it is cipable of beii^
made to a^ with more or lefs d)6iculiy, according
to the different impreiUons it rcceiy^s from motives
or objeils. South,

3. To pradllfe arts or duties ; to condud
one's felf.

"I'is plain that (he, wljo for a kingdom now*
Would facrifice her love, and break her vovii.
Not out of love, but intereft, acts alanc.
And would, ev'n in my arms, lie thinking o( a
throne. Dryden i Cvnquejl of Granada.

The defirc of happinefs, and the conftrainc it
ptits upon us to afl for it, no body accounts an
abridgment of liberty. Locke.

The fplendor of his office, is the token of that
facred character which he inwardly bears : and
one of thefe ought conlbntly to put him in mind
of the other, and excite him to afl up to it, through
the whole courfe of his adminiftration.

Atterhury'"! Sermons,

It is our part and duty to co-operate with this

grace, vigoroufly to exert thofe poweis, and a^ up

to thofe advantages to whi^h it rciiaies us. He

has given eyes to the blind, and feet to the lame.

Rt'^crs's Sermcns.

4. To produce efFefts in fome pafli ve fubjedl.

Hence 'tis we wait the wond'rous caufe to find
How body a^s upon impalTive mind.

Garth^s Difpenfary.

The ftomach, the intcftines, the muftles of, the

lower belly, all ad upon the aliment; befides, the

chyle is not fucked, but fqueezed into the mouths

of the la£teals, by the action of the fibres of the

■ guts. Ariulhnot en Aliments,

Tc Act. -v, t,.

I. To

ACT

t. To bear a borrowed charsifter; m, a

flage-player.

Honour and fliamc from no condition rife ;
j^a well your part, there all the honour lies. Pete.

t. To counterfeit ; to feign by aaion. ' '

His forrner trembling once again renew'd,

ACT

VVi^th aff^ fear the villain thus purfuM. D.yrler

|. To aduate ; to put in motion ; to re-
gulate the movemeats.

Moft people in the world are affej by levity and
humour, i>y ftrange and irrational changes. South.

I erhj.rs they are as proud as Lucifer, as cove-
tous as Demas, as falfe as Judas, and, in th-
whole courfe of their converfation, aiJ, and a,e
*ctcd, not by devotion, but defign. South

We fuppofc two diftina, incommunicable con-
fcoufneires^ffi^; the fame body, the one ccn-
ftantly by day. the other by night ; and, on the
other fide, the lame confcioufcefi aaing by inter-
vals two diftinfl bodies. '' ' ^^^^^

Act. n./. [aSum, Lat.]
I. Something done ; a deed ; an exploit,
whether good or ill.

A lower place, not well.
May make too great an aa :
Better to leave undone than by our deed
Acquire too high a fame.

-. r ■ Stahfp. Ant. and Cltopatra.

Ike confcious wretch mud all hisaS. reveal ■
toth to confefs, unable to conceal ;
From the firft moment of his vital breath,'
To his lift hour of unrepenting death. Drfdcn.

Z. Agency ; the power of producing an
effecl. "

I will try the forces
Of thcfe thy compounds on fuch creatures at
We count not worth the hanging ; but none human :
1 o try the vigour of them, and apply
Allayments to their aa ; and by them gather
T heir feveral virtues and efteas.
. « cv- , , Staktfffare': Cjmlelm.

3. ALtion ; the performance of exploits ;
produiSion of effefta.

'Tis fo much in your nature to do good, that
your lilc IS cut one continued a^ of placing benefits
on many, as the fun i. always carrying his light to
fome part or other of the world. DryJ„', FabU,.

Wh:,forth from nothingcall'd thit comely frame.
His will and aa, his word and work the fame.

4. The doing of fome particular tiling Ta
llep taken ; a purpofe executed.

Ihiia.'? perfuadesme,
I hat thi« remotion of the duke and her
Is praaicc only. Stak.jfur,-, Kl„g Lt^r.

5. A (late of reality ; effeft.

_ The feeds of herb- and plants at the firft jre not
in ^a, but in poffibility, that which they after-
wards grow to be. 'o. ,
_ Cod alone excepted, who aSually and everlaft-
irgly I, wha:foever he may be, and which cannot
hereafter be that which now he is not: all other
things befides are Ibmewhatin Foflibllitv, which as
yet they are not in «c>. ' y/^^^,,..

Sure they're confcious
Of fome intended mifchief, and are fled
To put It into «a. D,nh^m\ Sophy.

b. Incipient agency; tendency to an effort

Her legs were bulkin'd, and the left before.
In aa to ihoct ; a filver bow Ihc bore. DryJcr.

7. A part of a play, during which the ac-
tion proceeds without interruption.

Many never doubt but the whole condition re-
quired by Chrift, the repentance he came to preach,
will, m that lad fcene of their laft aa, imme-
dutely before the exit, be as opportunely and ac-
ceptably performed, at at any other point of their

V^ .a • » ,. "'■'^"""l'' Fu„damntali.
•■iveaffsarejuft the mealure of a play.

8. A decree of a court of joAice, iTedirt
of a legiflature.

Vol. I.

i They make ediftr for uftrv to fuppsrt ofurers,

repeal daily any wiiolcfome a'a eftablifti-J againit
, the nch, and provide more piercing flatutcs daiK
to chain up aid refliaia the pcor.

Shakrfitare's Corial.iru!.
You that are k,ng, though he do«-car the crown,
Have caus'd hi.-n, by new aa of parliament,
1 0 biot out me. Shak.-rper.r,'! Ihrry VI.

9. Record of judicial proceedings.

_ Judiciul aas are all thole matters wliith relate to
judicial proceedings ; and being reduced into wi-
ting by a public notary, are recorded L-y the autho-
rity of the judge. ^y;j^_
A CTioN. ;,./. [aawn, Fr. aalo, Lat.]

1. The quality or ilate of aaing, oppoiite
to rcjl. . o rr

O nolle Englifli ! that could entertain
With half their forces the full power of France •
And let another half (land laoahing bv, '

All out of work, and cold for aaLn. '

SbaUfpsare'i Henry V.

2. An aft or thing done ; a deed.

This aaion, I now go on,
Is for my better grace. Shak-fpem'i fTmter! Ta/e.
God never accepts a good inclination inrtead ot
a good oaicn, where that aahn may be doi'e • nay
fo much the contrary, that, if a good inclination
be not feconded by a good affion, the want of that
aascn IS made fo much the more criminal and in-
excufable. t ,

A . iiutb.

3. Agency, operation.

It i» better, therefore, that the earth fliouJd
move about its own center, and make thofc ufeful
vic.ffitudes of night and day, than expofe always
the fame fide to the aahn of the fun. BcntUy

He has fettied laws, and laid down rules, con-
formable to which natural bodies are governed in
their aar.ni upon one another. Cbeyne.

+. The feries of events reprefented in a
fable.

This aaion fhould have three qualifications.
*irft, it Liould be but one aah„; fccondly, it
fliould be an entire aaion; and, thirdly, it ihould
be a great a<f?wii. /iti-r

V Oelficulation ; the accordance of the
motions of the body with the words
fpoken; a part of oratory.

™~"f '''?' ^P"''^ <■'"'' 8''P<= 'he hearer's wrift,
While he t.iat hears makes fearful aaioH
With wrinkled brows. Slai^fp. Khr Jch„.

_Our orators are obf.-rved to make ufc of Icfs
gefture or aaioa than thofe of other countries.

&. [In law.] It is ufed with the prepifi-
tion againfl before tlie perfon, and/»r
before the thing.

Aakns are pcrfonal, real, and mixt ; aakn per-
fonal belongs to a man againji another, by reafon
of any eontrjft, offence, or caufe, of like force
with a contraa or oftcnce made or done by him or
fome other, for whofe faft he is to anfwcr. Anion
rral IS given to any man agairji another, that pof-
lefTcs the thing required or fued for in his own
name, and no other man's. Aakn mixt, is that
which hes as well againfi or for the thing which wc
feek, as agawjl the perfon that hath it ; called
m,xi, bccaufc it hath a mixt refpcft both to the
tiling and to the pcrfjn.

Aakn Is divided into civil, penal, and mixt.
Aa,on civil It that which tends onlv to the reco
very of that which is due to us ; as a fum of mo-
ney formerly lent. Aaion penal is that which
aims at fome penalty cr puniihment in the party
fucd, be it corporal or pecuniary: as, in comra.n
li*,', '"'=,""'' '"''"''' °f » man felonioufly flain
fiiall purfuc the law agahjl the murderer. Aahn
mixt IS that vthich fceks both the thing whereof
wc are deprived, and a penalty alfo for the uriuft
dctJiningof the fame.

Aahn upon the cafe, it an aahn given for redrcfs

of wrongs done without force again/} my man, bv

law not fpecially provided for. '

Aahn vp^n the flaiute, is aa aahn brought

oZ^mfi a man iipon breach of a ftatute. Crwcll.

ACT

Th;.-e was never mm could have a jailer aahn
mamfi fii:hy tjnunc than 1, fmce, jll other thiojit
being granted mc, her blindnefs is the only lett.

Sidney.
For our reward then,
Fir/1,.311 our debts arc paid ; dangers of law,
Aa:onz, decrees, jujgraentj, againfi us quitteJ.

7. In the plural, in France, the fame as

flocks in England.
A'cTiOKABLE. a^^ [^vom. c.3ion.] -That
wnich admits aa aftion in law to be
brought againft it ; punidiable.

His procels was formed ; whereby he was found
guilty ot nought ehc, that I could learn, which
was aa-tovMe, but of ambition.

-, , . Homel's Vccal Forcff.

No man 3 face is aaionabJe : thefe finguUrities

jire interpretablelVom more innoccntcaufes. CoHier,

AcTioNARy,orA'cTiONisT.».y: [froin

aaio„.] One that lias a fhare in e,aio,„

or flocks.

A'cTioN-TAKiNC. a,fj . Accuftomed to

refent by means of law ; litigious.

A knave, a rafcal, a filthy worfted-ftockin?

Knave ; a lily-liver'd aSkn-t^king knave. Shakefp.
Actita'tion. „./ [from a^ita, Lai.]

Aftion quick and frequent. Dia.

To A'cT.iwATE.'u.a. [i'lom aai-ve.] To

make adlive. This word is perhaps

ufed only by the author alleged.

As fnowand ice, eCpecially being hojpen, and
theircold aa:i,ai.-d by nitre or fait, will turn water
into ice, and that in a few hour.; fo it may be.

tinTe '"™ *"'"' °' "'^"''''y '""" '*='"=> '" 'oVr
- ^ ' Bacon.

Active, ac^j. [aai-vus. Lit.]
I. That which has the power or quality of
afting. '

Thele particles have not only a vis ineriiar, ac.
compamed with fuch pafiive laws of motion, at
naturally refult from that force, but alfo they are
moved by certain aaim principles, fuch as is that
of gravity, and that which caufes fermentation,
and the cohrlion cf bodies. AWi/te', Opticks.

2. Ihat which afts, oppofed to pafTtve, or
that which fufFers. ^ ■"

—When an even flame two hearts did touch,
Mis omce was indulgently tn (it
Aaivti to palTives, corrcfpondencr
Only his fubjedl was. ' r>„.

It you think that, by multiplying the adUita-
ments in the fame proportion that jou multiply the
ore, the woik will follow, you may be deceived;
for quantity in the paflive will add more rdilUnce
than thequantity in the affiw will add force. Bacn.

3. ^ufy, engaged in aflion ; oppofed to
idle or fedentciry, or any ftate of which
the duties are performed only by the
mental powers.

'Tis vii tuous aaion that muft pralfe bring forth.
Without which, flow advice is little worth j
,pf jn=y wlio «ive good counfel, praife defervr,
Iho intheaaw part they cannot fcrve. Denham.

4. rraftical ; not merely theoretical.

_ The world hath had in thefe men fiefli expe-
rience,howdangcrousfuchaW-:.,errorsare. i/«,ir^

5. Nimble; agile; quick.
Some bend the ftubborn bow for Tiflory •

And fome with darts tbcirafl«,r finews try. ir, dni
o. In grammar. ^

A verb aaive it that which fignifies aftion, as
^ '""''• Cl'rke-, Latin Grammar.

•

AcTivELT. ad-v. [from aaive.] In an
aftive manner ; bufily ; nimbly. In an
aaive fignification j as, tbe ivcrJ is u/td
aa'fvely.

A'cTivENEss. n.f. [fromfl<?;W.] The

quality of being aftivc ; (^uicknefs ;

^ nunbjenefs.

ACT

A C U

ADA

nimbUnefs. This is a word more rarely
ufed than aSi-vity.

Whit (Irange agility and efUvenifi do our com-
mon tumblers and dancen on the rap: attain to, by
continual nercifc ! Hnikini'i Math. Mogick.

AcTi'viTY. n.f. [from aSi've,'] The qua-
lity' of being aftive, applied either to
things or perfons.

Salt put to ice, as in the producing of the artifi-
cial ice, increafeth the aB'rviiy of cold. Bacon,

Our adverfary will not be idle, though we are ;

he watches every turn of our foul, and incident of

our life ; and, if we remit our alirvity, will take

advantage of our indolence* Rogers,

A'cTOR. n.f. [a£lor, Lat.]

1 . He that afls, or performs any thing.

The virtues of either age may correft the de-
fers of both : and good for fuccelTion, that young
meo may be learners, while men in age are aSon,

Bacon.

He who writes an Eneomium Nentih, if he docs
It heartily, is himielf but a tranfcript of Nero in
his mind, and would gladly enough fee fuch pranks,
as he was famous for, a^ed again, though he dares
n jt be the aHor of them himfelf. South.

2. He that peribnates a charafler ; a ftage-
player.

Would you have
Such an Herculean after in the fcene.
And not tliis hydra ? They mud fweat no lefs
To fit their properties, than t' exprcfs their parts.

Ben Jonjon,
When a good aEior doth his part prefent,
In every adl he our attention draws,
That at the lall he may find juH applaufe. Dtnbam.
Thefe falfe beauties of the ftage arc no more lad-
ing than a rainbow ; when the aClor ceafes to (bine
upon them, they vanilh in a twinkling.

Drydtri'i Spamjh Friar.
A'cTRESS. n.f. [a3rice,¥r.']

1. She that performs any thing.

Virgil has, indeed, admitted Fame as an aflreji
in the jSnciJ ; but the part flic ails is very fljort,
aiid none of the mod admired circumdances of
that divine work. Addijrji,

We fprights have juft fuch natures
We had, for all the world, when human creatures ;
And therefore I that was an alireft here.
Play all my tricks in hell, a goblin there. Drjden.

2. A woman that plays on the ftage.
A'cTUAL. adj. [aiiuel, Fr.]

I. That which comprifes aAion.

in this Aumbry agitation, befides her walking
and dther aliual performances, what, at any time,
have you heard her fay ? Shakeffeare'i Macbeth.

X. Really in aft ; not merely potential.

Sin, there in pow> before
Once afhial; now in body, and to dwell
Habitual habitant. Milton.

J. In aft ; not purely in fpeculation.

For he that but conceives a crime in thought,
Contrafts the danger of an aSual fault :
Then what mud he expe3, that dill proceeds
To finifli fin, and work up thoughts to deeds }

Drydirt,

Actua'lity. n./. [from a^aW.] The
ftate of being adual.

The a&ualiiy of thefe fpiritual qualities is thus
. impiifoned, though their potentiality be not quite
defttoyed j and thus a crafs, extended, impenetra-
ble, psffive, divifible, unintelligent fubdance is
gener.ited, which we call matter. Cheyne.

A'ctually. aJv. [froma^W.] In afl;
in elfeft ; really.

All mankind acknowledge themfclvcs able and
fufficient to do many things, which aHaally they
never do. Scuth.

Read one of the Chronicles, and you will think
j-ou were reading a hidory of the kings of Ifrael or
Judah, where the hiftorians were aflnj//)) infpired,
and where, by a particular fchcme of providence,
lilt lunga were diOinguiflted by judgmeats or blef-

fings, according as they promoted idolatry. Or the
worlhip of the true Cod. jiddifon.

Though our temporal profpeSs fliould be full of
danger, or though the days of forrow fhould aSual/y
overtake us, yec ftill we mud repofe ourfelves on
God. Rogers.

A'ctualness. »./ [from a^ual.] The
quality of being aftual.

A'ctuarv. «./. [a{luarius, Lat.] The
regifter who compiles the minutes of the
proceedings of a court ; a term of the
civil law.

Suppofe the judge fliould fay, that he would
have the keeping of the afls of court remain with
him, and the notary will have the cudody of them
with himfelf : certainly, in this cafe, the aBuary
or writer of them ought to be preferred. Aylife.

A'cTUATE.a*^'. [from the verb Toa£iuaie.'\
Put into action ; animated ; brought
into efFeft.

The ailive informations of the intelled, filling
the padivc reception of the will, like form clofing
with matter, grew aSiuate into a third and didind
perfeftion of practice. South.

To A'CTUATE. "w. a. [from ago, aHum,
Lat.] To put into aflion ; to invigo-
rate or increafe the powers of motion.

The tight made by this animal depends upon a
living fpirit, and feems, by fome vitaJ irradiation,
to be actuated into this ludre.

Brnvns Vulgar Errours.

Such is every man, who has not actuated the
grace given him, to tlie fubduing of every reigning
fin. Decay of Piety.

Men of the greated abilities are mod fiied with
ambition j and, on the contrary, mean and nar-
row minds are the lead actuated by it. jlddifin.

Our padions are the fprings which actuate the
powers of our nature. Rogers.

AcTuo'sE. adj. [from fliS.] That which

hath ftrong powers of adion : a word

little ufed.
To A'cu ATE. I), a. [acuo, Lat.] To Ihar-

pen, to invigorate with any powers of

fharpnefs.

Immoderate feeding upon powdered beef, pic-
kled meats, and debauching with drong wines, do
inflame and acuate the blood, whereby it is capaci-
tated to corrode the lungs. Harvey in Ccnfumfiions.
Acu'leate. ai(/. [acu/eatus, Lat.] That
which has a point or fting ; prickly ;
that which terminates in a ffiarp point.
JCU'MEN. n.f. [Lat.] A (harp point ;
figuratively, quicknefs of intellefts.

The word was much affefted by the learned
Aridarchus in common convcrfation, to fignify
genius or natural acumen. ' Pope.

Ac u'm I n at e d. particip. adj. Edding in
a point ; fharp-pointed.

This is not acuminated and pointed, as in the
red, but feemeth, as it were, cut ofl^.

Ero^vns Vulgar Errours.

I appropriate this word. Noli me langere, to a
fmall round acuminated tubercle, which hath not
much pain, unlefs touched or rubbed, or cxafpe-
rated l)y topicks. IViJeman.

ACU'TE. adj. [acutus, Lat.]

1 . Sharp, ending in a point ; oppofed to
obtu/e or blunt.

Having the ideas of an obtufe and an acute an-
gled triangle, both drawn from equal bafes and be-
tween par.illels, I can, by intuitive knowledge,
perceive the one n.)t to be the other, but cannot
that way know whether they be equal. Locke.

2. In a figurative fenfe applied to men ;
ingenious ; penetrating ; oppofed to
dull OTjiupid.

The acute and ingenious author, among many
vef^ fine thoughts, and uncommon fefle^ions, has
liartcd the notion of feeing all things inCod. Lxke.

3 . Spoken of the fenfes, vigorous ; power,
ful in operation.

Were our leufes altered, and madehiuch quicker
and acuier, the appearance and outward fchcme of
things would hjve quite another face to us. Locke.

4. Acute difeafc. Any difeafe, which is
attended with an increafed velocity of
blood, and terminates in a few days ;
oppofed to chronical. ^incy.

5. Jlcute accent ; that which railes or
fliarpens the voice.

kcv'-rzLY. ad'v. [from af»/*.] After an
acute manner ; fliarply : it is ufed as
well in the figurative as primitive fenfe.

He that will look into many parts of Afia and

America, will find men reafun there, perhaps, at

acutely as himfcif, who yet never heard of a fyl-

logifra. Locke.

Acu'teness. n.f. [from acute, which fee.]

1. Sharpnefs.

2. Force of intelledls.

They would not be fo apt to think, that there
cou'd be nothing added to the acutenefs and pene-
trat on of their underdandings. Locke.

3. Quicknefs and vigour of fenfes.

It eyes fo fiamed could not view at once the
hand and the hour-plate, their owner could not
be benefited by that a.utenefs; which, whild it
difcovered the fecret contrivance of the machine,
made him lofe its ufe. Locke.

4. Violence and fpeedy crifis of a malady.

We apply prefent remedies according to indi«
cations, refpefling rather the acutenrfs of the dif-
eafc, and precipitancy of the occafion, than the
rifing and letting of dars. Brown,

5. Sharpnefs of found.

1 his acutsnefs of found will fliew, that whild,
to the eye, the bell feems to be at red, yet the
minute parts of it continue in a very briflc motion,
without which they could not drike the air. Boyle.
Adkct to. participial adj. [adaiSus, Lat.]
Driven by force ; a word little ufed.
The verb adai3 is not ufed. Dia.

A'dage. ».y. [adagium, hit,'] A maxim
handed down from antiquity ; a proverb.

Shallow unimproved inctUe£is, are confident
pretenders to certainty; as if, contrary to the
adage, fcience had no friend but ignorance.

Glamille's Scepjis Scienti/ica»

Fine fruits of learning ! old ambitious fool,
Dar'd thou apply that adage of the fchool.
As if 'tis nothing worth that lies conceal'd,
And fcience is not fcience till reveaPd ? Dryden.

JDjTGIO. n.f. [Italian, at leifure.] A
term ufed by muficians, to mark a flow
time.

A'DAMANT. n.f. [adamas, Lat. from »
and ixfitu, Gr. that is inj'uperable, in-
frangible.']

1 . A ftone, imagined by writers, of im-
penetrable hardnefs.

So great a fear my name amongd thrm fpread.
That they fuppos'd I could rend bars of dcel.
And fpurn in pieces podsof <:</iin<»i/. Shaiefpcare,

Satan, witli vad and haughty drides aJvanc'd,
Came tow'ring, arm'd in adamant and gold.

Miltm^
Eternal Deities,
Who rule the world with abfolute decrees.
And write whatever time fliall bring to pafs.
With pens of adamant, on plates of brafs. Dryitn»

2. The diamond.

Hardnefs, wherein fome doncs exceed all other
bodies, and among them the adamant all other
doncs, being exalted to that degree thereof, that
art in vain endeavours to counterfeit it, the fac-
titious doncs of chymids, in imitation, being,
eafily detefled by an ordinary lapiJid.

Ray on the Creation,-

3 . Adamant is taken for the loadilpne.

Yon

ADA

ADD

ADD

Yoa draw me, you hard-hearted ajamant !
But yet you draw not iron j for my heart
is true as fteel. Shahfptare.

Let him change his lodging from one part if

the town to another, which is a great adamant of

acquaintance. Saccn.

Adamante'an. adj. [from adamant. '\

Hard as adamant.

He weapor.lefs himfelf,
. Made arms ridiculous, ufelefs the forgery
Of brazen ihleld and fpear, the hammered cuirafs,
Chalybean temperM ftcci, and irock of mail
Adair-antcan proof- M.Ucn.

This word occurs, perhaps, only in
this paffage.
Adama'ktine. adj. \adamantinut, Lat.]

1. Made of adamant.

Wide is the fronting gate, and raisM on high
With adamatil'uu columns, threats the (ky.

Drydtn,

2. Having the qualities of adamant; as,
hardneis, indifrolubility.

Could Eve's weak liand, extended to the tree,
\a (Under rend that adamanune chain,

Whofe golden links, eftcfts and caufes be.
And which to Cod'i own chair doth fix'd remain ?

Davtti,

An eternal flerility mud have poflefled the
world, where all things had been fixed and faft-
ened everlaftingly with the adamantine chains of
fpeciiic gravity ; if the Almighty had not fpoken
and faid, Let the earth bring forth grafs, the herb
\ieldlng feed, and the fruit-tree yielding fruit after
Its kind ; and it was fo. Bentlry,

In adamantine chain? ihall death be bound.
And hell's grim tyrant feel th' eternal wound.

Pofe.

Tho' adamantine bonds the chief redraln,
The dire rettraint his wlfdom will defeat.
And fjon reftore him to his regal f;at. Pcpe.

A'dam's-apple. a./ [in anatomy.] A

prominent part of the throat.
To ADA'PT. -v. a. [adapto, Lat.] To fit

one thing to another ; to fuit ; to. pro-
portion.
'Tis true, but let it not be known,

My eyes are fomewhat dimmilh grown ;

For nature, always in the right,

To your decays adafts my fight. Svoift.

It is not enough that nothing offends the ear,

tut a good poet will adaft the very founds, as well

as words, to the things he treats of.

Pope^t Letters.
Adapta'tiok. 71./. [from adaft.'\ The

aft of fitting one thing to another ; the

Atnefs of one thing to another.

Some fpecies there be of middle natures, that
is, of bird" and beaft, as batts ; yet are their parts
fo fet together, that we cjnnot define the begin-
ningor end of cither, tliere being a commixtion of
both, rather than adaftaikn or cement of the one
unto the other. Bn-wn't fulgar Errcun.

Adhefinn may be in part afcribed, either to
fome elartxji motion in the prelTed glafs, or to
the exquifite /u/afiation of the almoft numberlcfs,
though vrry fmall, afpcrities of the one, and the
numerous little cavil es of the other; whereby the
furfjccs do :ock in with one another, or are, as it
were, clafped t geiher. £tn/e.

Aoa'ption. It./, [from adaft.] The aft
of fitting.

It were aLne a fufficVnt work to (hew all the
necfflii es, the wife contrivances, and prudent
edafti'.m, of thefe admirable machines, for the
benefit of the whole. Cbcynt,

Ada'ptness. n.f. {(OT adaptedne/sfitom
adapt.]

.SoiT.e notes are to difplay the ajaptnefi of the' '
found to the fenfe. ' Dr.' Ntiuun.

This wor4 I have found no where
elfe.

To Adco'rporate. -v. a. [from ad and
corpus.] To unite one body with an-
other ; more ufually wrote accorporate ;
which fee.

To ADD. ni. a. [addo, Lat.]

1. To join fomething to that which was
before.

Mark if his birth makes any d'fference,
If to his words it adds one grain of fenfe. Dryden.

They, whofe mufes have the higheft flown.
Add not to his immortal memory,
But do an adt of friendrtiip to their own. Hoyden.

2. To perform the mental operation of
adding one number or conception to
another. To add to is proper, but to
add together feems a folecifm.

Whatloever pcfitive ideas a man has in his mind,
of any quantity, he can repeat it, and add it to the
former, as eafily as he can add together the ideas ot
two days, or two years. Locke.

A'ddable. adj. [from add.] That to
which fomething may be added. AS-
dible is more proper. It fignifies more
properly that which may be added.

The firll number in e^ery addition is called the
addable number, the other, the number or num-
bers added, and the number invented by the addi-
tion, the aggregate or fum. Cocker.
To Adde'cimate. -v. a. [addecimo, Lat.]
To take or afoertain tithes. Dii3.
To Adde'em. 1/. a. [from deem.] To
efleem ; to account. This word is now
out of nfe.

She fcorns to be addtem'd fo wortblefs-bafe,
As to be mov'd to fuch an infamy.

Banters Civil Wars.

A'dder. tt.f. [iErcep, JErzoy^, Nabbjie,
as it feems from eirtep. Sax. poifon.]
A ferpent, a viper, a poifonous reptile ;
perhaps of any fpecies. In common
language, adders zxsd./nakes are not the
fame.

Or is the adder better than the eel,
Becaufe his painted Ikin contents the eye ?

Sbakefpeare.
An adder did it ; for, with doubler tongue
Than thine, thou ferpent, never adder tlung.

Shakefpeare.

The adder teaches us where to ftrike, by her

curious and fearful defending of her head. Taylor.

A'dder's-crass. n.f. The name of a
plant, imagined by Skinner to be fo
named, becaufe ferpents lurk about it.

A'dder's-tokgue. n. f. \ophiogloffum,
Lat.] The name of an herb.

It hath no vifible flower ; but the feeds are
produced on a fpike, which refembles a ferpcnt's
tongue ; which feed is contained in many longi-
tudmal cells. Miller,

The moft common fimples are comfrey, bugle,
agrimony, fanicle, paul's-betony, fiuellin, peri-
winkle, adder" s-tongue. ffijiman's Surgery.

A'dder's-wort. a./. An herb fo named,
on account of its virtue, real or fup-
pofed, of curing the bite of ferpents.

A'ddible. adj. [from add.] PoiTible to
be added, SeeAuDABLE.

The cleared idea it can get of infinity, Is the
confufed, incomprehenfible remainder of cndlefs,
addible numbers, which affords no profpedt of
ftop, or boundary. Locke.

Addibi'lity. »./. [from addiik.] The
poffibility of being added.

This endlcfs addition, or addibiliiy (if any one
like the word better) of numbers, \o apparent to
the mind, is that which gives us tlic clearell and
mofl didin^ idea of-infinity. Locke.

A'oDiCE. a,/, [for which we corruptly

fpeak and write adz, from abej"e. Sax.
an axe.]

The addice hath its blade made thin and iomiim
what arching. As the axe hath its edge parallel
to its handle, fo the addice hath its edge athwart
the handle, and is ground to a bafil on its infide to
its outer edge. Moxcn's Meihaiiical Exercifes.

To ADDI'CT. -v. a. [addico. Lat.]

1. To devote, to dedicate, in a good
fenfe ; which is rarely ufed.

Ye knew the houfe of Stephanus, that they
have addicted themfelves to the miniftry of the
faints. I Cor. xvi. 1 5.

2. It is commonly taken in a bad fenfe ;

as , he addidcd himfelf to ■■vice.

3. To devote one's felf to any perfon,
party, or perfuafion. A Latinifm.

I am neither author or fautor of any fe£t '. I
will have no man addiEl himfelf to me ; but if I
have any thing right, defend it as truth's.

Ben Jonfon,

Addi'ctedness. n. f. [from addiiled.]
The quality or ftate of being addifted.

Thole know how little I have remitted of my
former addiHednefs to makechymical experiments.

Boyle*
Addi'ction. n.f. [addiaio, Lat.]

1. The aft of devoting, or giving up.

2. The ftate of being devoted.

It is a wonder how his grace Ihould glean it.
Since his addition was to courfcs vain j
His companies unletter'd, rude, and Ihallow;
His hours fiU'd up with riots, banquets, fports.

Shakefpeare.
A'dditament.»./ [additamentum, Lat.]
The addition, or thing added.

Iron will not incorporate with brafs, nor other
metals, of itfelf, by fimple fire : fo as the enquiry
muft be upon the calcination, and the additamentj
and the charge of them. Ba^cn.

In a palace there is firft the cafe or fabiick,
or moies of the ftrufture itfelf; and, befides that,
there are certain additamcnts that contribute to its
ornament and ufe ; as, various furniture, rare
fountains 9nd aquedudis, divers things appendi-
cated to it. Hale's Origin of Mankind.

Addi'tion. 11./. [from add.]

1. The aft of adding one thing to another;
oppofed to diminution. '

The infinite diftance between the Creator and
the nobieft of all creatures, can never be meafured,
nor exhauftcd byendlefs addition of finite degrees.

Bentky .

2. Additament, or the thing added.

It will not be modeftly done, if any of our
own wifdom intrude or interpofe, or be willing to
make additions to what Chrift and his apoftlet
have defigned. Hammond.

Some fuch refcmblances, methinks, I find
Of our lad evening's talk, in this thy dream.
But with addition ftrange ! Mi/ten.

The abolifhing of villanagc, together with the
cuftom permitted among the nobles, of felling
their lands, was a mighty addition to the power. of
the commons. ^ Swi/i.

3. In arithmetick.

Addition is the reduflion of two or more num-
bers of like kind together into one fum or total.

Cocker's Arithmetick.

4. In law, A title given to a man over
and above his chrillian name and fur-
name, fhewing his ellate, degree, oc-
cupation, trade, age, place of dwelling.

Cewel/,
Only retain
The name, and all th' addition to a king ;
The fway, revenue, execution,
Beloved fons, be yours ; which to confirm,
Thii coronet part bctweeo you. ■

Siakefp, King Lear,
£ z Frow

ADD

From this time,
For wh»t he did before Corioli, call him,
With all th' applaufe and clamnurof the hoft,
Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Bear th' aJdii'aa no-
bly ever. Shaktfpteris Ccrielanus.
There arofe new difputes upon the perfons
named by the king, or rather againft the aJJilm.s
and appellations of title, which were made to their
names. Clarendon.

ADDi'xiONAL.fl/^'. {(lom aJditioB.'] That
- which is added.

Our kalendar being once reformed and fct
right, it may be kept fo, without any confider-
able variation, for many ages, by omitting one
leap-year; i. e. the addiiioiial day, at the end of
every 1 34 years. thlder en Tune.

The greateft wits, that ever were produced in
one age, lived together in fo good an undetftand-
ing, and celebrated one another with fo much ge-
neroCty, that each of them receives an addiiknal
luftre from his «otemporaries. , Add'ifcn.

Thty include in them that very kind of evi.
dence, which is fuppofcd to be powerful : and do,
withal, afford us fevcral other addiiknal proofs, of
great force and clearnefs. Ailertury.

Addi'tional. n.f. Additament ; fome-
thing added. Not in ufe.

May be fome little adJitkr.al, may further the

incorporation. Bacon.

A'dditory. adj. [from arid.'] That

which has the power or quality of add-

The ajdilory fi^ion gives to a great man a
larger (hare of reputation than belongs to him, to
enable him to fcrve fome good end or purpr.fe,

j^rLutbnot.

A'DDLE. adj. [from abel, a difeafe. Sax.
according to Skinner and Junius ; per-
haps from ybel, idle, barren, unfruit-
ful.] Originally applied to eggs, and
fignifying fuch as produce nothing, but
grow rotten under the hen ; thence
transferred to brains that produce no-
thing.

There's one with truncheon, like a ladle,
That carries eggs too frefli or addle ;
And fiill at random, as he goes.
Among the rabble rout beftows. HuJiirat.

After much folitarinefs, fading, or long fick-
jiefs, their brains were addle, and their bellies as
empty of meat at their heads of wit.

Burton on Melancholy.

Thus far the poet ; but his brains grow addle:
And all the reft is purely from this noddle.

Dryden.

7'e A'ddle. V, a. [from addle, adj.] To
make addle ; to corrupt ; to make bar-
Ten.

This is alfo evidenced in eggs, whereof the
found ones fink, and fuch as are addled fwim; as
do alfo tbofe that are termed byfanewitc, or wind,
eggs. Brm>n''s Vulgar Errours.

T<> A'ddle. v. n. To grow ; to increafe.
Obfolete.

Where ivy embraceth the tree very fore.
Kill ivy, elfc tree will addle no more.

7uJ}ir^i Hujhardry.

A'ddle - PATED. adj. Having addled
brains. See Addle.

F'oor Daves in metre, dull and addle-fated.
Who rhyme below even David's pfalms traiiflatcd.

Dryden.

To ADDRE'SS. v. a. [addreffer, Fr. from
derefar. Spaa, from dirigo, direSum,
Lat.]

1 . To prepare one's felf to enter upon'any
a£lion ; as, he addrejfed bimfelf to the
•viiork. It has to before the thing.

With him the Palmer eke, in habit fad,
)ciiai%M addreft It that advCDCure hard.

fmrjf S^et

ADD

It lifted up its head, and did adirefi
Itfetfrc motion, like at it would fpcak.

Siakeff. Hamlet.

Then Turrut, from his chariot leaping light,
jiddrefi'd bimfelf on foot Co fingle fight. Drydrn.

2. To get ready ; to put in a ftate for
immediate ufe.

They fell direillyon the Englifli battle ; where-
upon the earl of Warwick addrejfed his men to
take the flank. Hay-ward.

Duke Frederick hearing, how that every day
Men of great worth reforted to this foreft,
Addreji'd a mighty power, which were on foot.
In his c.wn condudt purpofcly to take
His brother here. Shakrffeare'i Atyou like it.

To-night in flarflcur we will be your gueft.
To-morrow for the march we are addrifl.

Sbakeffeare.

3. To apply to another by words, with
v.irious forms of conftruftion.

4. Sometimes without a prcpofition.

To fuch I would addrtfi with this moft affec-
tionate petition. Decay of Piety.

Among the crowd, but far above the reft.
Young Tu^nus to the beauteous maid addrtjl.

Dryden.
Are nat your orders to addrcji the fenate .'

Addifon.

5. Sometimes with to,

ylddriJJ'.ng to I'ollio, his great patron, and him-
fclf no vu'gur poet, he began to affert his native
character, which is fublimity. Dryden.

6. Sometimes with the reciprocal pro-
noun ; as, he addrejfed him/elf to the ge-
neral.

7. Sometimes with the accufative of the
matter of the addrefs, which may be
the nominative to the paffive.

The young hero had addrejjcd his ^ray^rs to
him for his afljftance. Dryden.

The prince himfelf, with awful dread pofiefs'd.
His vo-ius to great Apollo thus addrejl. Dryden.

His fuitwjs common ; but, above the reft.
To both the brother-princes thus addrtjl. Dryden.

8. To addrefs [in law] is to apply to the
king in form.

'1 he rcprefentatives of the nation in parlia-
ment, and tiie privy-council, addrtfs^d the U.\n^ to
have it recalled. S'U'ift,

Addre'ss. n./. \addreffe, Fr.]

1. Verbal application to any one, by way
of perfuafion ; petition.

Henry, in knots involving Emma's name.
Had halfconfefs'd and half conceal'd his flame
Upon this tree ; and as the tender mark
Grew with the year, and widen'd with the bark,
Venus had heard the virgin's foft addrefs.
That, as the wound, the paflion might increafe.

Prior.

Moft of the perfons, to whom thefe addnjjci
are made, are not wife and ficilful judges, but are
influenced by their own finful appetites and paf-
Jions. fVatts^s Improvement of the Mind.

2, Courtfliip.

They often have reveal'd their paffion to me :
But, tell mc, whofe addrefs thou favcur'ft moft 3
I long to know, and yet 1 dread to hear it.

Addifen.
A gentleman, whom, I am furc, you yourfelf
would have approved, made his addrej/es to me.

Mdi_kn.

3; Manner of addrefling another; as, we
fay, a man of an happy or a pleafing ad-
drefs ; a man of an aiuktuard addrefs.

4. Skill, dexterity.

I could produce innumerable inftances from my
own obfervation, of events imputed to the pro-
found Ikill and addrefs of a miniftcr, which, in
reality, were either mere effefls of negligence,
wcaknefs, humour, paflion, or pride, or at beft
but the natural coiufe of tbines left to Uiemfelves.

Sviift.

A D E

5. Manner of direfting a letter; afcnfe
chiefly mercantile.

Addre ssER. »./. [horn addrefs.] The
perfon that addrcfl'es or petitions.

A D d u't E N T . adj. [adducens, Lat.] A word
applied to thofe mufcles that bring for-
ward, clofe, or draw together the pans
of the body to which they are annexed.

^incj.

To AoDu'LCE.-f. a. [addoucir, Fr. dukis,
Lat.] Tofweeten : a word not now in ufe.

Thus did the French cmbafladors, with great
fliew of their king's affeftion, and many fugared
words, feek to addulec all matters between the two
kings. Bacon s Henry y II.

A'dei.inc. n.f. [from asbel. Sax. ill uf.
trious.] A word of honour among the
Angles, properly appertaining to the
king's children : king Edward the Con-
felTor, being without iflue, and intend-
ing to make Edgar his heir, called him
adeling. Cttivdl.

Adeno'craphy. n.f. [from aor.rc and
yra.^iD, Gr.] A treatife of the glands.

A D e'm p T 1 o N . n.f. \adimo, ademptum, Lat.]
I'aking away ; privation. DiS.

Ade'pt. n. f. [from adeptus, Lat. that is,
adeptus artem.] He that is completely
/killed in all the fecrets of his art. It
is, in its original fignification, appro-
priated to the chymiils, but is now ex-
tended to other artills.

The prefervation of chaftity is eafy to true
adepts. Pope*

Ade'pt. adj. Skilful; throughly verfed.

If there be really fuch adept philolophers as we
are told of, I am apt to chink, that, among their
arcana, they are maders of extremely potent mcn-
ftruums. Beyle.

A'dequate. <z(^'. \_adeqi!atus,'L2iX.] Equal
to ; proportionate ; correfpondent to, fo
as to bear an exadl refemblance or pro-
portion. It is ufed generally in a figu-
rative fenfe, and often with the particl»
to.

Contingent death feems to be the whole ade-
quate objcti of popular courage ; but a neceflary
and unavoidable coflSn ftrikes palenefs into the
ftouteft heart. Harvey on Conjumptienf.

The arguments were proper, adequate, and fuf-
ficienc to compafs their refpeflive ends. South*
All our fimple ideas arc adequate ; becaufe^
being nothing but the effcdts of certain powers in
things, fitted and ordained by God to produce
fuch fenfations in us, they cannot but be corref-
pondent and adequate to thofe powers. Locke,
Thofe are adequate ideas, which perfeflly repre-
fent their archetypes or objefis. Inadeijiiate are
but a partial, or incomplete, reprefcntation of
thofe archetypes to which they arc referred,

ffatts's L'pck.
A'DEqvATthY. ad'v. [from adejuate.]

1. In an adequate manner; with juilnefs
of reprefcntation ; with exaftncfs of pro-
portion.

Gratitude confifts adequately in thefe two things >
firft, that it is a debt; anJ, fecondly, that it it
fuch a debt as is left to every man's ingenuity,
whether he will pay or no. South,

2. h is ufed with the particle to.

Piety is the necelTary Chrifiian virtue, propor.
tioned adequately to the omnifcicnce and fpicitu-
ality of that infinite Deity.

Hammcntts Fundamentals,

A'dequateness. n.f. [from adequate."^

The llate of being adequate ; juftncfs of

reprefentation ; exaftnefs of proportion.

Adespo'tick.

Adsspo'tick.

defpotick.
r» ADHE'RE. -v
1. To ftick to :

A D H

adj. Not abfokte

with to before the thing.

; not
Dm.
n, \adhttreo, Lat.]
as, wax to the finger;

to be

3. To ftick, in a figurative fenfe ;
confiftent ; to hold together.

Why every thing adhirci together, that no dram
of a fcrup'.e, no'fcrjple of a fcniple, no incredu-
lous or unfarc citcumftancc—

btiikeffeare'i T-.velfib Niglt.

3. To remain firmly fixed 10 a party, per-
fon, or opinion.

Good gentkmcn, hehzthmuch talk'd of you ;
And fur; I am, two men there are not living.
To whom he more adheres, Sbaiefp, Ham/et,

Every man of lenfe will agree with me, that
Angularity is laudible, when, in contradiftion t >
a multitude, it adbtres to the dictates of con-
fclence, morality, and honour. Boyle,

Adhe'rence. n, f. \ivova. adhere .'\ See
Adhesion.

1. The quality of adhering, or (licking;
tenacity.

2. In a figurative fenfe, fixednefs of mind ;
fteadinefs ; fidelity.

The tirm adherence of the Jews to their religion
IB no Icfs temarlcabie than their dilperiian ; conii-
dering it as pcrfccuted or contemned o\cr the
whole earth. Add'iJQn.

A conftant adherence to one fort of diet may
have bad cC'cdls on any conflitution.

jlrbulbr.'jt on j^/imerts.

Plain good fenfe, and a Arm adbtrtnee to (he
point, have proved m'Te effectual than tliole arts,
which are contemptuoufly called the fpirit ot re-
gociating. Sviif:.

Adhe'rency. n.f. [The fame with W-
herence.^

1. Steady attachment.

2. That which adheres.

Vices have a nat.ve adbertncy of vexation.

Decay tf Piety.

Adhe'rcnt. adj. [bom adhert,'\

1. Sticking to.

Clofe to the cliff with both his hands he clung.
And ftuck adheyertt, and fufpended hung. Pife.

2. United with.

Modes are f:iid to be inherent or adherent, that
is, proper or improper. Adhereitt or improper
modes arifc from the joining of fome accidcntil
fubftdncc to the chief fubjecl, which yet may be
feparated from it; fo when a bowl is wet, or a
boy is clothed, thefe are aJhereni modes; for the
water and the clctbes are difllndl t'ubllances which
adhere to the bowl, or to tA : boy. /frt/.'j'j Logick.
Adhe'rent. n.f. [hovn adhere.']

1 . The perfon that adheres ; one that fup-
ports the caufe, or follows the forluue
of another ; a follower, a partifan.

Princis muft give proteftion to their fubjefls
and aHiereaii, vihca worthy occalion /hall re<juire
it. Rate'i^h.

A new war mull be undertakcji upon the advice
of thofe, wh", with their partifans and adf erertif
wer« to be the fole gainers by it. iiivift.

2. Any thing outwardly belonging to a
perfon.

When they cannot fliake the main fort, they
mull try if they can pnffefs thcmfelves of the
outworks, raife fome prejudice againll his difcie-
tion, his humour, his ca riage, and his cttniific
etdhtrerti. Government cf the Tongue.

Adhe'rer. a./, [from adhere.] He that
adheres.

He on lit to be indulgent to tender confcicncfsi

bur, at 'he fiinc timr, a firm adherer to the efta-

blirt.'d cliurch. Sivifi.

Ad he's ION. n./. [adhef/io, Lat.]

1. The aft or ftatc of flicking to fome-

8

A D J

thing. Adhefion is generally ufed in the
natural, and adherence in the metapho-
rical fenfe : as, the adhejton of iron to the
magnet ; and adherence of a client to his
patron.

Why therefore may not the minute parts of
other bodies, it they be conveniently shaped icx
adbeji'tny ftick. to one another, as well as ftick to
this ipiric ? Boyk,

The reft corfifting wholly in the fenfible con-
firmation, as fmooth and rough 5 or elfe more,
or lefs, firm adhcjion cf the parts, as hard and
fofc, tough and brittle, are obvious. Locke.

■ — Prove that all things, on occafionj
Love union, and defire adbcfion* Prior,

2. It is fometimes taken, like adherence,
figuratively, for firmnefs ia an opinion,
or Ileadinefs in a practice.

The fame want of Iincerity, the firae adbeficn
to vice, and averfion from goodnefs, wilt be
equally a reafon for their reje^ing any proof
whatfoevcr. yitterbury,

Adhe'sive. adj. [from adhefion,'] Stick-
ing ; tenacious.

It" flow, yet fure, adbeji've to the tra£V,
Hot-fteaining «p, Thomfon*

To ADHl'BIT. o/. a. {adhibeo. Lat.] To
apply ; to make ufe of.

bait, a neccfiary ingredient in all facriiices, was
adhibited and required in this view only as an em-
blem of purification.

Prefdint Forbei'i Letter to a Bijhal>.
Adhibi'tion. n.f. [hoxnadhibit.] Ap-
plication ; ufe. Z);V?.
Adja'cency. n.f. [from adjaceo, Lat.]

1. The ftate of lying clofe to another thing.

2, That which is adjacent. See Adja-
cent.

Becaufe the Cape hath fea on both fides near
it, and other lands, remote as it were, equi-
dillant from it ; tliercforc, at that point, the
needle is nut diltiatled by the vicinity of adja-
eenciet, Bro^vn^s yulgjr Erroun.

Adja'cikt. adj. [adjaceits, Lat.] Lying
near or clofe ; bordering upon fomc-
tbing.

It may corrupt within Itfelf, although no part of
it iffue into the b dy adjacent. Bacin.

Uniform pellucid mediums, fuch as water, have
no fenfible refle^i.n but in their external fuper-
ficies, where thzy are adjacent to other mediums
of a different dcolity. Netuton,

Adja'ce^it. tt.f. That which lies next
another.

The fcBfe of the author goes vilibly in its own
train, and the words receiving a determined fenfe
from their companions and adjacenti, will not
confcnt to give countenance and colour to what
muft be fupported at any rate. Locke.

Adiaphorous, adj. [aJiaSoiJi©-, Gr.]
Neutrnl ; particularly ufed of fomefpirits
and falts, wldch are neither of an acid
or alkaline nature. ^incy.

Oui- adiaphoroiit fpirit may be obtained, l^y dif-
tilling the liquor that is afforded by woods and
divers other bodies. Beyle.

AotA'tHORY. n.f. [aJia^ojia, Gr.] Neu-
trality ; indifference.

To ADJE'CT. 1/. a. [adjicio, adjeHum,
Lat.] To add to ; to put to another
thing.

Adje'ction. n.f. [adjeOio, Lat.]

1. 'I'he aft of adjefting, or adiling.

2. The thing adjefted, or added.

That unto every poufd of fulphur, an adjeSlion
of jne ounce of qaickfiiVfr j or unto every pound
of pctre, one ounce of lal-amm' niac, will much
int-nd the force, and confequently the rrport, J
fijid no verily. Bnwn'i f^ulgar £rreuri.

A D J

Adjecti'tious. ac^. [from ad/e<3ioH.']
Added ; thrown in upon the reft.

A'djective. n.f. [adjeBi'vutn, Lat.] A
word added to a noun, to fignify the ad-
dition or feparation of fome quality,
circuraftance, or manner of being ; as,
good, bad, are adjeBi'vei, becaufe, in
fpeech, they are applied to nouns, to
modify their fignification, or intimate
the manner of exiftence in the things
flgnified thereby. Clarke's Latin Gram,
Ail the verf:iica*ion of Claudian is included
within the compafs of four or five lines ; perpetu-
ally clofing his lenfe at the end of a vcrfe, and that
vcrf; commonly which they call golden, or two
fubltantivcs and two adjtclirjes, with a verb betwixt
them, to keep the peace. Dryden,

A'djectively. ad'v, [from adjeili've.]
After the manner of an adjeftive ; a
term of grammar.

Adieu', adv. [from a Bieu, ufed ellipti-
cally for a Dieu je "vous commende, ufed
at the departure of friends.] The form
of parting, originally importing a com-
mendation to the Divine care, but nonf
ufed, in a popular fenfe, foipetimes to
things inanimate ; farewell.

Ne gave him leave to bid that aged fire
Adieu, but nimbly ran her wonted courfc.

Tairy Slucen,
Ufe a mor^ fpacious ceremony to the noble
lords; you reflrained yourlelf within the lift of
too cold an ad.eu ; he more expreffive to them.

Shake' fenre's W//"i •zueli ibat ends welf.
While now 1 take my laft adieu.
Heave thou no figli, nor ihed a tear ;

Left yet my half-clos'd eye may view
On earth an objedt worth its care. Priori

To Adjo'in. i». a. \_adjoindre, Fr. ad-
>afo, Lat.]

1. To join to ; to unite to ; to put to.

As one who long in populous city p.'nt
Forth ifiuing on a fummcr's morn to breathe
Among the pleafant villages and farms
Adjoind, from each tliiag met conceives delight.

Milton*

Correftions or Improvements fliould be as re-
marks adjoin/d, by way of note or commentary,
in their proper places, and fupcradded to a regular
trcatife. IVjus.

2. To fatten by a joint or junfture."

As a malfy wheel
Fixt on the fummit of the higheft mount.
To whofe huge fpoke ten thoufand leffer things
Are mortis'd and adjoined, Shakej'feare,

To Adjo'in. v, n. To be contiguous to ;
to lie next, fo as to have nothing be-
tween.
Th' adjoining fane, th' affembled Creeks ex-
prefs'd.
And hunting of the Caledonian heart. Dryden,
In learning any thing, as little fliould be pro-
pofed to the mind at once, as is poflible; and,
that being underftood and fully maftered, proceed
to the next adjoining, yet unknown, funpic, un-
perplexcd propofition, belonging n the ma ter ia
hand, and tending to the clearing what is princi--
pa'ly defigneil. Locke,

To ADJO'URN. 'v.a, [adjourner, Fr.]
I. To put otf to another day, naming the
time ; a term ufed in juridical pro-
ceedings ; as, of parliaments, or courts
of juftice.

1 he queen being abfent, 'tis a needful fitnelsi
That we adjourn this court to further day=

Sbakefpeare,

By the king's authority alone, and by 'lis writs,

they ari affembled, and by him alone are they

prorogued and dilluived } but each lioufe may ad.,

journ itUif. Bacon,

z. To

A D J

a. To put ofF; to defer ; to let flay to a
future time.

Then, Jupiter, thou king of gods,
Why hail thou thus adjourned

The graces for his merits due,
Being all to dolours turn'd. Shairff, Cymh.

Crown high the goblets with ■ chearful draught:
Enjoy the ptcfcnt hour, adjcurm the ftiture thought.

Dry den.

The formation of animals being foreign to my

purpofe, 1 Ihall adjourn the confidcrari'^n of it t )

another occafion. H^oodxoard's t/atural H'ljlory.

Adjo'urnment.w./ [adjournement, Fr. ]

I. An aflignment of a day, or a putting

off till another day.

Mjiurnmtnt in tyre, an appointment of a day,
when the jultices in eyre mean to fit again.

Q/tveli.

3. Delay ; procrafUnation ; difmilTion to
. a future time.

We will and we will not, and then we will not
again, and we will. Ac this rate wc run our lives
out in adjournments from time to time, out of a
fantaftical levity that holds us off and on, betwixt
hawk and buzsard. L^BJlrange.

A'oiTQVs.adj. \_aJipofus,'LaX.'\ Fat. Di3.
A'dit. rt.f. [adirui, Lat.] A paffage for
the conveyance of water under ground ;
a palTage under ground in general ; a
term among the minemen.

For conveying away the water, they ftand in aid

of fundry devices j as, ad'tis, pumps, and wheels,

^ driven by a llrtram, and interchangeably tilling and

emptying two buckets. Careiv>

The delfs would be fo flown with waters (it be-
ing imj^olTible to make any adits or fouglis to drain
them) that no gins or machines could fulHce to lay
and keep them dry. ^ay,

Adi'tion. n.f. [from adeo, aJiium, Lat.]

The aft of going to another. DJ3.

7*0 Adju'dge. "v. a, [adjudico, Lat.]

I . To give the thing controverted to one

of the parties by a judicial fentence ;

with the particle to before the perfon.

The way of difputing in the fchools is by in-
iifting on one topical argument j by the fuccefs
of which, victory is adjudged to the opponent,
or defendant. Locke*

The great competitors for Rome,
Cxfar and Pompey, on Pharfalian plains.
Where ftern Bellona, with one final flroke,
jtdjudg'd the empire of this globe to one. Ptillips.

z. To ientence, or condemn to a punifh-
ment ; with to before the thing.

But though thou art adjudged to the death ;
Yet I will favour thee in what I can. Shakeff.

3. Simply, to judge ; to decree ; to de-
termine.

He adjudged him unworthy of his friendfliip,
purpofing Hiarply to re\'enge the wrong he had rc-
ceivfd. Kncllcs.

rsADJU'DICATE. -v. a. [adjudico, Lat.]
To adjudge ; to give fomething contro-
verted to one of the litigants, by a fen-
tence or decifion.

A D J u D I c a't I o n . h. / [adjudicatio, Lat. ]
The aft of j lodging, or of granting
fomething to a litigai^t, by a judicial
fentence.

To A'djuoate. 'V. a. [adjugo, Lat.] To
yoke to ; to join to another by a yoke.

A'djument. ». /. \_adjumentum, Lat.]
Help ; fupport. DiS.

A'DJUNCT. n.f. [adju>i3um, Lit.]
I. Something adherent or urtited to an-
otixer, though not e^entially part of it.

A D J

Leirn'mg is but tt\ adjunff to ourfelf.
And where wc arc, our learning likewife is* Shak.

But 1 make hafte to connder you as ab(lra£)ed
from a court, which (if you will give me leave to
ufe a term of logick) is only an adjunSi) not a
propriety, of happincfs. Dryden,

The talent of difcretion, in its feveral adjunHs
and circumftances, is no where fo ferviccable as to
the clergy. Snvift.

2. A perfon joined to another. This fenfe
rarely occurs.

He made him the aObciate of his heir-apparent,
together with the lord Cottington (as an adjurd
of fingular experience and truft) in foreign travels,
and in a bufinefs of love. fVofton.

A'djunct. adj. United with; imme-
diately confequent.

So well, that what you bid me undertake.
Though that my death were adjunli to my afl,
I'd do "t. Sbakefp. King John,

Adju'nction. n.f. \adjun3io, Lat.]

\ . The aft of adjoining, or coupling to-
gether.

2. The thing joined.

Adju'nctive. n./. [adjunSi'vut, Lat.]

r. He that joins.

2. That which is joined.

Adjura'tion. n.f. [ae/juratio, hat.]

1 . The aft of adjuring, or propofing an
oath to another,

2. The form of oath propofed to another.

When thefe learned men faw ficknefs and frenzy
cured, the dead raifed, the oracles put to filence,
the dxmons and evil fpirits forced to confefs tfiem-
felvcs no gods, by perfons, who only made ufe of
prayer and adjurations in the name of their cruci-
fied Saviour ; how could they doubt of their Sa-
viour's power on the like occafions ?

Mdifm on the Cbrifiian Religion.
To ADJU'RE. -v. a. [adjuro, Lat.] To
impole an oath upon another, prefcrib-
ing the form in which he (hall fwear.

Thou know'ft, the magiftrates
And princes of my country came in perfon.
Solicited, commanded, threaten'd, urg'd,
jidjur'd by all the bonds of civil duty.
And of religion, prcfs'd how juft it was,
How honourable. MiJton.

■ 'Ve lamps of heaven ! he faid, and lifted high
His hands now free, thou venerable Iky !
Ye facred altars ! from whofe flames 1 fled.
Be all of vou adjured. Dryden.

To ADJU'ST. 'V. a. \adj after, Fr.]

1. To regulate ; to put in order ; to fettle
in the right form.

Your Lordlhip removes all cur difliculties, and
fupplies all our wants, fafter than the mod vi-
fionary projector can adjujl his fchemes. Siuift.

2. To reduce to the true ftate or Itandard ;
to make accurate.

The name's of mixed modes, for the moft part,
want llaniiards in nature, whereby men may re^ify
and adjufi their fignification \ therefore they an-
very various and doubrfu'. Locke.

3. To make conformable. It requires the
particle to before the thing to wliich the
conformity is made.

As to the accomplilhment of this remarkable
prophecy, whoever reads the account given by Jo-
iephus, without knowing his charadte., and com-
pares it with what our Saviour foretold, would
think the hiftorian had been aChrlft'an, and that
he had nothing elfe in view, but to adjufi the event
to the prediAion. jiddif n.

Adju'stment. n.f. [adjiiftement, Fr.]
I. Regulation; the aft of putting in me-
thod ; fcttlement.

The farther and clearer adjufiment of this affair,
I am conftraincd to adjourn to the larger treatife.

tfiidivard.

\

ADM

2. The ftate of being put In method, or
regulated.

It is a vulgar idea we have of a watch or cloclc,
when we conceive of it as an inftrument made to
Ihew the hour : but it is a learned idea which the
watch-maker has of it, who knows all the feveral
parts of it, together with the various connexions
and adjufimentt of each part. ff^aiti't Logiik,

A'djutant. n. /. A petty officer, whofe
duty is to ainit the major, by diftribut-
ing the pay, and overfeeing the punilh-
ment, of the common men.
To ADJU'TE. 1*. a. [adju-vo, adjufum,
Lat.] To help ; to concur : a word not
now in ufe.

For there be
Six bachelors as bold as he,
j^juting to his company ;
And each one hath his livery.

BenJonftM't Undervioods,

Adju'tor. »./ [aJJutor, Lit.] A helper.

Dia.

Adju'tory. ad;, [ad/uteriiu. Lit.] That

which helps. Di^.

Adju'trix. »./ [Lat.] She who helps.

A'djuvant. adj. [adjwvant. Lit.] Help,
ful ; ufeful. Dia.

To A'djuvate. o;. a. [adjwvo, Lat.] To
help; to further; to put forward.

Di3.

Admb'asuremEnt. n. /. [See Mea-
sure.] The adjuftment of proportions ;
the aft or praftice of meafuring accord-
ing to rule.

Admeajurement is a writ, which lieth for the
bringing of thofe to a mediocrity, that afutp more
thai! their part. It lieth in two cafes : one is
termed admeajurement of dower, where the widow
of the deceafed holdethfrom the heir, or his guar-
dian, more in the name of her dower, than bc-
longeth to her. The other is admeujurement of
pafture, which lieth between thofe that have com-
mon of paliure appendant to their freehold, or
common by vicinage, in cafe any one of them, or
more, do furcharge the common with more cattle
than they ought. Ccwd/m

In fome counties they are not ipuch acquainted
\fhh admeafuremnl by acre; and thereby the writs
contain twice or thrice fo many acres mure than
the land hath. Bacon*

Admensu R a'tion. n.f. [ad ind menfura,
Lat.] The aft, or praftice, of meafuring
out to each his part.
Admi'nicle. n.f. [adminicuhm, Lat.]
Help ; fupport ; furtherance. DiS.

Admi Ni'cuLAR. adj. [from adminicu-
lum,h<iX.] That which gives help. Diff.
To ADMl'NISTER. -v. a. [adminifro,
Lat.]

1. To give ; to afford ; to fupply.

I.ct zephyrs bland
Adminifler y ■ tepid genial airs ;
Naught fear i.c from the welt, whofe gentle

warmth
Difdofes well the earth's all-tceming womb.

Pbilifs.

2. To aft as the minifter or agent in an^r
employment or office ; generally, but
not always, with fome hint of fubordi-
nation : as, to adminifter the govern-
ment.

For forms of government let fools contefl,
Whate'er is beft adninifler'd, is bell-. Pofe,

3. To adminiller juflicej to diflribute
right.

4. To

ADM

4. To admlnifter the facraments, to dlf-
penfe them.

Have not they the old popifh cuftom of adtrini-
Jl'ring the bleiTcd facrament of the holy eucharift
with wafer-cakes ? Hosier.

5. To adminifter an oath ; to propofe or
require an oath authoritatively ; to ten-
der an oath.

Swear by the duty that you owe to heav'n.
To keep the oath that wc adminifter, Shakefpeare.

6. To adminifler phyfic j to give pnyfic
as it is wanted.

1 was carried on men's ihoulders, adminijlering
phylick and phlebotomy. Wafcri Voyage.

7. To adminifter to ; to contribute ; to
bring fupplies.

I rouft not omit, that there is a fountain rifing
in the upper part of my garden, which forms a
little wandering rill, and adminiflirs to the pleafure,
as well as the plenty, of the place. SpeSItitor.

8. To perform the office of an adrainiftra-
tor« in law. See Aoministrator.

Neal's order was never performed, becaufe the
executors durft not adminijler.

•Arbuthnot and Pope,

To Admi'nistrate. 1/. «. \adminiftro,
Lat.] To exhibit ; to give as phyfick.
Not in ufe.

They have the fame effefts in medicine, when
inwardly admtmjirated to animal bodier.

Wo'^dvjard,

Administra'tion. n.f. [aJminiftratio,

Lat.]

1. The aft of adminiflering or condufting
any employment ; as, the condufting

. the public affairs ; difpenling the laws.

I then did ufe the perfon of your fjther ;
The image of his power lay then in me :
And in th' admtn'ijl ration oi \\\i law,
While I was bufy for the commonwealth.
Your highnefs pleafcd to forget my place.

Shakrfpeare.

In the rtiort time of hii adminjftratiottt he ihone
fo powe- fully upon me, chat, like the heat of a
RuQian fummer, he ripened the fruits of poetry in
a cold clima'c. Dry'dtti,

2. The aftive or executive part of govern-
ment.

It may pafi for a maxim in ftate, that the ad-
miniftrai'um cannot be placed in too few hands, nor
the legiflature in too many. Stvift,

3. Colleftively, thofe to whom the care
of public affairs is committed ; as, the
adminiftration has been oppofed in par-
liament.

4. Dillribution ; exhibition ; difpenfation.

There is, in facraments, to be obferved their
force, and their form of adminifiratioH, Hocker,
By the univerfal admini/lrathn of grace, begun
by our blelTed Siviour, enlarged by his apoftles,
carried on by their iromediaic fuccefTors, and to
be completed by the reft to the wo-ld's end j all
types that darkened this faith are enlig'itcned.

•Sprat's St-rm'jnt,

Administrative. aJj. [from admini-

ftraie.'\ That which adminillers; that

by which any one adminillers.

Aduinistra'tor. n.f, \adminiflrator ,

Lau]
1. Is properly uken for him that has the
goods of a man dying inteftate com-
mitted to his charge by the ordinary,
and is accountable for the fame, when-
ever it fhail pleafe the ordinary to call
upon him thereiinto. Conuell.

He was wonderfully diligent to enquire and ob-
ferve what became of the king of Arragon, in
hoUijig Che kingdom of Caftille, and whether he

ADM

did hold It in his own right, or as admmfirator to
his daughter. Bacon's Henry VH.

2. He that officiates in divine rites.

I feel my confclence bound to remember the
tleath of Chrift, with fome fociety of Chriftians or
other, Cnce it is a moft plain command j whether
the perfon, who diftributes thcfe elements, be
only an occafional or a fettled adminijfrator.

Watt:.

3. He that condufts the government.

The rcfidence of the prince, or chhf adttiim^ra-
ror of the civil power. Sioift,

Admi'nistr ATRix. ti, /. [Lat.] She
who adminillers in confequence of a
will.
Administra'torship. n.f. [from «^-
miniftrator,'\ The office of adminiHra-
tor.
Admirabi'lity. n,f. \admirabilis, Lat. ]
The quality or ftate of being admira-
ble. Dia,
A'dmirable. adj. [admirabilis, Lat.]
To be admired ;, worthy of admiration ;
of power to excite wonder : always ta-
ken in a good fenfe, and applied either
to perfons or things.

The more power he hath to hurt, the more ad-
m'lrakle is his praife, that he will not hurt.

Sidney,
God was with them in all their adiiitions, and,
at length, by working their admirable deliverance,
did teftify that they ferved him not in vain.

Hooker,

What admiraili things occur in the remains of

feveral other phllofophers ! Short, I conftfs, of

the rules of chriftianity, but generally above the

lives of chriftians. Soutb'i Sermotii.

You can at moft
To an indiff rent lover's praife pretend :
But you would fpoil an admirible friend. Drydin.
A'dmirableness. n,/. [from admirable.']
The quality of being admirable ; the
power of raifing wonder.
A'dmirablv. adni, [from admirable.]
So as to raife wonder ; in an admirable
manner.

The theatre is the moft fpacious of any I ever
faw, and fo admirably well contrived, that, from
the very depth of the ftage, the loweft found may
be heard diftin£tly to the fart he ft part of the au-
dience, as in a whifpering place j and yet, raife
your voice as high as you pleafe, there is nothing
like an echo to caufe the leaft crmfufion. Mdifcr..

A'DMIRAL. ». y: [amiral, Fr, of un.
certain etymology.]

1. An officer or magiftrate that has the
government of the king's navy, and the
hearing and determining all caufes, as
well civil as criminal, belonging to the
fea. Coxuell.

2. The chief commander of a fleet.

He alfo, in battle at fea, overthrew Rcdericuj
Rotundus, admiral of Spain, in which fight the
admiral, with his fon, were both flain, and feven
of his gallies taken. Knolles.

Make the fea (nine with gallantry, and all
The Englilh youth (lock to tUc'n admiral. fVaikr.

3. The fhip which carries the admiral or
commander of the fleet.

The admiral galley, wherein the emperor him-
fclf Wis, by great mifchance, ftruck upon a fand.

Knolles.

A'dmiralship. ». / [from admiral.]
The office or power of an admiral.

A'dmi RALTY. 11./. [amiraulle, Fr.] The
power, or officers, appointed for the ad-
miniftration of naval affairs.

Aumira'tion, a./, [admiralio, Lat.]

ADM

1. Wonder; the aifl of admiring or won-
dering.

Indu'd with human voice, and human fenfe,
Reafonjng to admiration. Milton*

The paftions always move, and therefore, con-
fequently, pleafe ; for, without motion, there can
be no delight : which cannot be confidercd but as
an aftive palfion. When we view tho^ elevated
ideas of nature, the refult of that view M admira~
tioit, which is always the caufe of pleafure.

Dryden.

There is a pleafure in admiration, and this is
that which properly caufeth admiration, when we
difcover a great deal in an objedl which we un-
derftand to be excellent} and yet we fee, we know
nn how much more beyond that, which our un-
derftandings cannot fully reach and comprehend.

Tillotfon.

2. It is taken fometimes in a bad fenfe,
though generally in a good.

Your boldnefs I with admiration fee ;
What hope had you to gain a queen like me?
Becaufe a hero forc'd me once away.
Am I thought lit to be a fecond prey ? Dryden,
To ADMI'RE. v. a. [admiro, Lat. ad-
mirer, Fr.]

1 . To regard with wonder : generally in
a good fenfe.

'Tis here that knowledge wonders, and there is
an admiration that is not the daughter of igno-
rance. This indeed ftupidly gazeth at the un-
wonted effe& i but the philofophic paftion truly
admires and adores the fup.cme efficient.

Glanville*

2. It is fometimes ufed, in more familiar
fpeech, for to regard 'vtith lo've.

3. It is ufed, but rarely, in an ill fenfe.

You have difplac'd the mirth, broke the good
meeting
With moft admir'd iiCorder. Shakefp. Macbeth.

To Admi're. 'v.n. To wonder J fome-
times with the particle at.

The eye is already fo perfect, that I believe the
reafon of a man would eafily have refted here, and.
admird at his own contrivance. Ray on the Creation.
Admi'rer. 71,/, [from admire.]

1. The perfon that wonders, or regard*
with admiration.

Neither Virgil nor Horace would have gained
fo great reputation, had they not been the friends
and admirers of each other. Addijoti.

Who moft to (hun or hate mankind pretend.
Seek an admirer, or would lix a friend. Pope.

2, In common fpeech, a lover.
AoMi'RiKGLY.ad-v. [from admire,] With

admiration ; in the manner of an ad-
mirer.

The king very lately fpoke of him admiringly
and mournfully. Sbakrfp. All's ivelltbatendsivill.

We may yet further admiringly obfervc, that men

ufually give frcelieft where they have not given

before. Boyle*

Admi'ssible. adj. [admitio, admijfum,.

Lat.] That which may be admitted.

Suppofe that this fuppofition were admijfible, yet
this would not any way be inconliftent with the
eternity of the divine nature and e(rence.

Hale's Origin of Mankind^
Admt'ssion. n.f, [admi^o, L3.t.]

1 . The aft or praftice of admitting.

There was alfo enacted that ciiaritable law, for
the admi£ion of poor fuitors without fee ; whereby
poor men became rather able to vex, than unable
to fue. Bacon's Henry VII*

By means of our folitary (ituation, and our rare
admf£ion of ftrangers, wc know molt part of the
habrtable world, and arc ourfclves unknown.

Bacon's Ne^u Atalantii .

2. The ftate of being admitted.

My father faw you ill deligns purfue ;
A«d jny admillm fljow'd his feat of you. Dryden.

ADM

ADM

ADO

Cri «iid tlwn tjcrcife man's hopts with the ex-
pcfijiions of a btttcr paruJifi', or i more intimitr
^dmij/icK to himfelf. Staib't Strmeni.

Our kin; defcendi from Jove i
Aod hither are we come by bis command,
To crave iutwtjjittt in your happy land. Dryden,

3. Admittance ; the power of entering, or
being admitted.

All finings have fome degt« of heat, none ever
freezing, no not in the longeft and fevereft frofts ;
efpeclally thofe, where there is fuch a fite and dif-
pofition of the ftrata as gives free and cafy ad-
mffan to this heat. WixdiUard'% Natural IliJIoiy.

4. {In the ecclefiaftical law.] It is, when
the patron prefents a cierk to a church
that is vacant, and the bi(hop, upon
examination, admits and allows of fuch
clerk to be fitly qualified, by faying,
AJmitto ie habilem. Ayliffe' s Parergon.

5. The allowance of an argument ; the
grant of a pofition not fully proved.

To ADMI'T. 1'. a. [aJmitto, Lat.]

1. To fuifer to enter ; to grant entrance.

Mirth, admit me of thy crew. Milton.

Does not one table Bavius ftill cdmit T Pipe.

9. To fufFer to enter upon an office ; in
which fenfe the phrafe of admijpon into a
eollege. Sec. is ufed.

The trcafurcr found it no hard matter fo far to
terrify hiiri, that, for the king's fervice, as was
pretended, he admitted, for a fix-clerk, a pcrfcn
recommended by him. C/arindm.

3. To allow an argument or pofition.

Suppofe no weapon can thy valour's pride
Subdue, that by no force thou may'ft be won,
jUmt no ftcel can hurt or wound thy fide,
And be it hcav'n bath thee fuch favour done.

Fairfax,
This argument is like to have the lefs effcit on
tne, feeing I cannot eafily admit the inJcrence.

Loch.

4. To allow, or grant in general j fome-
times with the particle of.

If you once admit if a latitude, that thoughts
may be exalted, and images raifed above the life,
that leads you infenfibly from your own principles
to mine. Drydtn.

Admi'ttable. adj. \ixom admit. "] The
perfon or thing which may be admitted.
Btciufe they have not a bladder like thofe wc
cfcf::rvein others, they have no gall at all, is a pa-
rilogifm not admiitabli, a fallacy that nceis not
the fun to fcatter it. Bmvn.

The clerk, who is prcfcnted, ought to prove to
the bllhop, that he is a deacon, and that he has
orders j otherwife, the bifliop is not bound to ad-
mit him ; for, a> the law then ftood, a deacon was
4idmittatle. yiynfe's Parergon.

Admi'ttance. n.f. [(rom admit .']
1. The aft of admitting ; allowance or
permilTion to enter.

It cannot enter any man's conceit to think it
lawful, that every man which Uilcth .'hould take
upon him charge in the church; and th-refbrc a
folemn admittance is of fuch neceflity, that, without
it, there can be no church-polity. Hooter.

A» to the admittance of the weighty elaftic parts
ef the air into the blood, through the coats of
the veffels,*! feems contrary to experiments upon
deaJ bodies. jlrtuthnct on Alimentu

i. The power or right of entering.

What
■ If I do line one of their hands .' — 'tis gold

Which buys admittarce. Staieffeare'i CymMint.
Surely a daily expectation at ihc £jtc, is the
readied way to gain admittance into the houfc.
_, Souths Sermons.

There's news from Bertran ; he dcfircs
Admittance to the king, and criti aloud,
TJ»s day liaU end our fears. Dryden.

There are fome ideas which hitt adp:!tt:!net on^y
through one fenfe, which is peculiarly adapted to
receive them. Loeie.

J. Cuftom, or prerogative, of being ad-
mitted to great perfons : a fenfe now
out of ufe.

Sir John, you are a gentleman of excellent
breeding, of great admiilanci, authentick in your
place and perfon, generally allowed for your many
warlike, couttllke, and learned preparations.

Sbakefpeare.

4. Conceflion of a pofition.

Nor could the Pythagorean give eafy admittance
thereto j for, holding that fcparate fouls fuccef-
fivcly fupplied other bodies, they could hardly al-
low the raifiog of fouls from other worlds.

Btztvn's Vulgar Errours.
To Adui'x. ni, a. [adnti/ceo, Lat.] To

mingle with fometbing elfe.
Admi'xtion. n.f. [from ezdtnix.] The
union of one body with another, by
mingling them.

All metals may be calcined by ftrong waters,
or by admixtion of fait, fulphur, and mercury.

Bacon.

The elements at« no where pure in thcfe lower
regions ; and if there is any free from the admix-
tion of another, fure it is above the concave of the
moon. Glanville.

There is no way to make a ftrong and vigorous
powder oi faltpetre, without the admixtion of ful-
phur. Bmvns Vulgar Errct/n.

Admi'xtore. »./. [from admix.] The
body mingled with another ; perhaps
fometimes the aft of mingling.

Whatever acrimony, or amaritudr, at any time
redounds in it, niuft be derived from the admixture
of another Iharp bitter fubftance.

Harijey en Confumptions.
A mafs which to the eye appears to be nothing
but mere finople earth, Ihall, to the fmell or taftc,
difcover a plentiful a(/mixr«r? of fulphur, alum, or
fome other mineral. fVoodward's Natural Hijl-^ry.
To ADMO'NISH. -v. a. {admoneo, Lat.]
To warn of a fault ; to reprove gen-
tly ; to counfel againft wrong prac-
tices ; to put in mind of a fault or a
duty ; with the particle of, or againjl,
which is more rare ; or the infinitive
mood of a verb.

One of his cardinals, who better knew the in-
trigues of aft'airs, adm:n\Jixd him againji that un-
ikilful piece of ingenuity. Decay of Piety.

He e/* their wicked ways
Shall them admonip, and before them fet
The paths of righteoufnefs. Milton.

But when he was admowjhcd by his fubjeCl to
defcerdf he came down, gently cirdiiig in the air,
and finglng, to the ground. Drydcii.

Admo'nisher. h. /. [from admonijh.']
The perfon that admoniflies, or puts
another in mind of his faults or duty.

Horace was a mild admonijher ; a court-fatirifl
fit for the gentle times of Augudus. Dryden.

Admo'nishmsnt. tt. f. \from admoniff}.']
Admonition ; the notice by which one
is put in mind of faults or duties : a
word not often ufed.

But yet be wary in the ftudious care.—
—Thy grave admonijhments prevail with me.

Siakfpeare's HetryV. p, i.
To th' infinitely Good wc owe
Immortal thanks, and his admonijhment
Receive, with folemn purpofe to obfcrvc
Immutably his fuv«rcign will, the eud
Of what we are. Milicn,

Admoni'tion. ». f. [aJmon'tio, Lat.]
The hint of a fault or duty ; counfel ;
gentle reproof.
They muft give our teachers leave, for the laving

ef fouls, to intermingle fometimes with othee
more neccfiary thingr, aJa-nition concerning thcfe
not unncccifaiy. Ilcoitr.

From this admonition they took only occafion to
redouble their fault, and to ll':cp again ; fo that,
upon a fccond and third admomticr, they had no-
thing to plead for their unfcalbnabl; drowfinel";.

Sc!irb*s Sermons,
Admoki'tioner. n.f. [from adntenition.']
A liberal difpenfer of admonition ; a
general advifer. A ludicrous term.

Albeit the admtniticners did fcem at firft to lik*
no prcfciipt form of prayer .it all, but thought it
the bed that their minifter Jhould always be left at
liberty "to pray, as his own difcrction did fcr\c,
their defender, and his all'ociatcs, have fithence
piopofcd to the world a form as themfclves did
like. Hooker,

A D M o' N I T o R Y . adj. [admotittoriuj, Lat . ]
That which admonifhes.

The fcntence of reafun is either mandatory,
ihewing what muft be done ; or elfe permillive,
declaring only what may be done j or, thirdly, ad'
monitory, opening what is the moll convenient for
us to do. Hookir.

Admurmur a'tion. ft./, [admurmtiro,
Lat.] The aft of murmuring, or whif-
pering to another. Z)/.-7.

To Admo've. v. a. \_admovco, Lat.] To
bring one thing to another. A word
not in ufe.

if, unto the powder of loadftone or iron, wc oif-
m'-vc the north-pole of the loadllooe, the powders,
cr fmall divifions, will ercdt and conform them-
felves thereto. Brown's Vulgar Errcurs.

Ado', n.f. [from the verb to do, with a
before it, as the French affaire, from i.
aadfaire."]
I. Trouble, difficulty.

He took Clitophoii prifoner, whom, with mucK
ado, he keepeth alive; the Helots being viKain-
oufly cruel. Sidney,

They moved, and in the end pcrfuaded, with
much ado, the people to bind themfelves by folemn
oath. Hooker,

He kept the borders and marches of the pale
with much adoj he held many parliaments, wherein
fundry laws were made. Sir fohn Davics,

With much ado, he partly kept awake ;
Not fufTring all his eyes repofe to take. ' Dryden,

z. Euftle ; tumult ; bufinefs ; fometimes
with the particle about.

Let's follow, to fi.e the end of this ado, Sbaiefp,

All this ado about Adam's fatherhood, and the

greatnefs of its power, helps nothing to cttablifh

the power of thofe that govern. Locke,

3. It has a light and ludicrous fenfe, im-
plying more tumult and (how of bufinefs,
than the affair is worth : in this fenfe it
is of Lite generally ufed.

I made no more ado, but to:ik all their feven
points in my taigct, thus. S'.^ak./p. Henry IV.

We'll keep no great ado^^^a friend or two-
It m.iy be thought wc held him ca:elcfsly,
Being our kinfman, if wc revel much. Sbatefp,

Come, fays Pufs, without any more ado, 'tis
time to go to breakfafi ; cats don't live upon dia-
logues. L'EJtrange,

Adolk'scence. \n.f. \adolefceiitia, Lat.]
Adole'scency. i The age fucceeding
childhood, and fucceeded by puberty ;
more largely, that part of life in wKich
the body has not yet reached its full per-
fedion.

He was fo far from a boy, that he was a man
born, and at his full ftaturc, if we believe Jofe,
phus, who places him in the \i!i adoUfuncy, and
makes him twenty-five years old. Brown^

, The fons muft have a tedious time of childhood
and aiolefccncc, before they can either tiismftlves

ajr.a

ADO

sflift their parents, or encourage them with new
hows of poflerity. Beniley.

To ADCyPT. %: a. {adopto, Lat.]

1, To take a fonby choice ; to make him
a fon, who was not fo by bixth.

Were none of all my f» ler's fiftera left;
Navi were I of my mother's Icin bereft;
None by an uncle's or a grandame*s Hcie,
Yet I could fome adopted heir provide. Drydcn.

2. To place any perfon or thing in a nearer
relation, than tbey have by nature, to
foraething elfe.

Whether, ad<ff>ud to fomc neighboring ftar.
Thou roirft above us in thy wand'ring race.

Or, in proceflion fix'd and regular,
Mov'd with the hcav'ns majellic pace;
Or cdird to more celeilial blifs,
Thou trcad'ft, with leraphims, the vaft abyfs.

Dryden,

We are feldom at eafc from the foUcitacion of
our natural or adopted delires ; but a conrtant fuc-
ccfiinn of uneafinclTes, out of that (lock, which
natural wants, or acquired habits, have heaped up,
take the will in their turns. L^cle.

Ado'ptedlv. a</i;. [{rom aJof ted.'] Af-
ter the manner of fomething adopted.

Ad'.ptfdly^ as fchool-maids change their names,
By vain, though apt, aftcdion. Sb^iidpi:.lr:,

Ado'pter. 71./. [from adopt.] He that
gives fome one by choice the rights of a
fon.

Ado'ption". )i./. [adoptio, Lat.]

1. The aft of adopting, or taking to one's
felf what is not native.

2. The ftate of being adopted.

My bed (hall be abufed, my reputation gnawn
at ; and I fliall not only receive this villainous
wrong, but ftand under the adoption of abominable
terms, anS by him that does me the wrong.

Shakcjpure.
She purpos'd,
When (he had fitted you with her craft, to work
Her fon into th'ijrf»/)/»)iof the crown. SbaieJ'paire.
In every att of our Chriftian worihip, we are
taught to call upon him under the endearing cha-
rafler of our Father, to remind us of our adoption,
that we are made heirs of God, and joint heirs of
Chriil. J?9jfm'j Set^ons.

Ado'ptive. adj. [adoplivtts, Lat.]

1. He that is adopted by another, and
made his fon.

It is impnflible an cleftlvc monarch fhould be fo
free and abfoiute as an hereditary ; no more than
it is poflible for a father to have fo full power and
in;ereft in an adopii-vt fon, as in a natural. Bac.n.

2. He that adopts another, and makes him
his fon.

An adopted fon cannot cite bis adoptive father

into court, without his leave. Ayhffe's Parcrgon.

Ado'rable. adj. [adorable, Fr.] That

which ought to be adored ; that which

IS worthy of divine honours.

On thefc two, the love of God, and our neigh-
bour, hang both the law and the prophets, fays
the adorable Author of Chriftianity ; and the
Apoftle fajs, the end of the law is charity. Cheyne.
Ado'r ABLENESS. n. f. [from odoraLle.]
The quality of being adorable ; wor-
thinefs of divine honours.
Aoo'rably. adii. [from adoraiie.] In a

manner worthy of adoration.
AdOra'tion. n./. [adoratio, Lit.]
i. The external homage paid to the Divi-
nity, diftinft from mental reverence.

S>lemn aad ferviceable worfhip we name, for

d.ftindion /ake, whatfoever bclongeth to the!

church, or publick focicty, of Cod, by way ot

external adoration. Hooker..

It is poffible to fuppofe, that thofe who believe

VO L. I.

ADO

a fupreme excdlent Being, may yet ^ive him no

i«t6rnal adoration at all. StillingJI.e'.

2. Homage paid- to perfons in kigh place
or efteem.
O ceremony, fltew me but thy worth :

What is thy tolli O ar/nriirij/;/
Art thou nought elfe but place, degree, and form,
Creating awe and' fear in other men ?
Wherein thou art lefs happy, being, fear'd,:
Than they in fearing.

What drink'ft thou oft, inftcad of homage fweet,
But poifin'd flattery ? .; S kakefpeare't- Henry V.
To ADO'RE. -J. a. [adoro, Lat.]

1 . To worfhip with external homage ; to
pay divine honours.-

The mountain nymphs and Themis they adore,
And from her oracles relief implore. Dryden-

2. It is ufed, popularly, tO' denote a high
degree of reverence or regard ; to reve-
rence ; to honour ; to love.

The people appear adorirtg their prince,' and their
prince oi/ariBj God. T<r//fr, N" 57.

Make future times thy equal aft adore.
And be what brave Orcflss was before.

Pcpe^t Odyffey.
Ado'rement. n.J". [h&m adore.l Ado-
ration ; worfhip : a word fcarcely ufed.

The priefts of elder times deluded their apprc-
henCons with fouth-faying, and fuch oblique ido-
latries, and won their credulities to the literal and
downright edorement of cats, lizards, and beetles.
Brti'tunt Vulgar Errours.
Ado'rer. »./ [from adore.]

1 . He that adores ; a worfhippcr ; a term
generally ufed in a low fenfe ; as, by
lovers, or admirers.

Being fo far provoked as I was in France, I
would abate her nothing ; though I profcfs myfelf
her adorer, not her friend. Skahfpeare^t Cymbdine.

Whilft as th' approaching pageant does appear,
And echoing crowds fpeak mighty Venus near ;
I, her adorer, too devoutly fland
Fail on the utmoft margin of the land. Prior.

2. A worfhipper ; in a ferious fenfe.

He was fo levere an adorer of truth, as not to
dilfemble ; or to fufrer any man to think that he
would do any thing, which he refolved not to do.

Clarendon.

To ADO'RN. 1/. a. [adorno, Latin.]

1 . To drefs ; to deck the perfon with or-
naments.

He hath clothed me with the garments of falva-
tion, he hath covered me with the robcof rjghteouf-
nefs, as a bridegroom dcckcth hiinfelf with orna-
ments, and as a bride adornctb hcrfelf with her
jewels. ljeiah,\x\. 10.

Vet 'tis not to adprn and gild each part,
That Ihcws more coft than art ;
Jewels at nofc and lips, but ill appear. Cvzvfey.

2. To fet out any place or thing with de-
corations.

A gallery adorned with the piftures or ftatues ot
the invention of things ufeful to human life. Citvley,

3. To embellifh with oratory or elegance
of language.

I'liis will fupply men's tongues with many new
things, to be named, adorned, ind dcfcribcd, in
their difcourfc. Sprat.

Thoufands there arc in darker fame that dwell,
Whofe names fome nobler poem (hall adorn j
For, tho' unknown to me, tlicy fure fought well.

Dryden.

Ado'rn. adj. [from the verb.] Adorned;
decorated : a word peculiar to Milton. '

She'll to realities yield all her (hows,

Made fo adorn for thy delight the more. Milton.

Ado'rkmHnt. n./. [from adorn.] Orna-|

nient ; embelliihment ; elegance : not

now in ufe.

This attribute waj not givjn to tJie earth, while

A D V

!t was confufed ; nor to the heavens, before they
had motion and ador/jment.

Raleigh's Hi/lory of the IVorld.
She held the very garment of Hofthumus in moi-e
refpeft than my nobb and natural perfon, together
with the adornment of my qualities.

Skakejpeare's Cymbeline.
Ado'wn. ad'v. [from a and donx/n.] Down ;.
on the ground.

Thrice did (he fink hdoivn in deadly found.
And thrice he her rcviv'd with bufy pain.

Fitiry ^een,
Ado'wn. prep. Down; towards the
ground j from a higher fituation to*
wards a lower.

In this remembrance Emily ere day
Arofe, and drefs'd herfelf in rich array;
Fre(H as the month, and as the morning fair,
Adotvn her fhouldcrs fell her lengthof hair, Drydeiti.
Adre'ad. adii. [from a and dread -y as,
ajide, athirji, ajleep.] In a ftate of fear ;
frighted ; terrified : now obfolete.

And thinking to make all men adreadto fuch*
one an enemy., who would not fparc, nor fear to
kill (b great a prince. Sidney,

Adri'ft. adhi. [from a and drift, from
drive.] Floating at random i. as any
impulfe may drive

Then, (hall this m«unt
Of paradife, by might of wares, be mov'd
Out of his place, puih'd by the horned Hood;
With all his verdure fpoii'd, and trees adrift
Down the great river, to tlie opening gulf,
And there take root. Mi!t9n%

It feem'd a corps adrift to didant fight ;
But at a diftance who could judge aright .' Dryden,

The cuftom of frequent refleftion will keep
their minds from running adrift, and call their
thoughts home from ufelcfs unattentive roving.

Loche on Educatioftf

JDRO'ir. adj. [French.] Dextrous j
aftive ; fkilful.

An adroit ftout fellow would fometimes deftroy
a whole family, with juftice apparently againft
him the whole time. Jervat'i Don ^itixote.

Adroi'tness. ».y; [from adroit.] Dex-
terity } readinefs ; aftivity. Neither
this word, nor adroit, feem yet com-
pletely naturalized.

Adry'. adii. [from a andi dry .] Athirft;
tbirfty ; in want of drink.

He never told any of them, tlial he was hia
humble fcrvant, but his well-wi(hcr ; and would
rather be thought a malecontcnr, than drink the
king's health when he was not adry. SpeElator.

Adsciti'tious. adj. [adj'citittus, Lat.]
That which is taken in to complete
fomething elfe, though originally ex-
trinfick ; fupplemental ; additional.

Adstri'ction. n. f. [adJiriSio, Lat. J
The aft of binding together ; and ap-
plied, generally, to medicaments and
applications, which have the power of
making the part contraft.

To ADVA'NCE. rv. a. [avancer, Fr.]

1. To bring forward, in the local fenfe.

Now morn, her rofy fteps in th' cadern clime
Advancing, fow'd the earth with orient pearl.

flfilton.

2. To raife to preferment ; to aggrandize.

He hath been ever conftant in his courfe of ad.,
vancing me ; from a private gentlewoman he
made me a marchionefs, and from a marchlonefs a
queen ; and now he intends to crown my innocency
with the glory of martyrdom. Bacon.

The declaration of the greatnefs of Mordecai,
whercunto the king advanced him. EJihir, x. c,

3. To improve

What lawi caa be advifed o»we proper and ef.
f ftftual

A. D V

fcdual to«/v«m tJM nature of nan to ittliighen'
pcrfc£lion, than thcfc f reccpts of Chriftianicy f

Tilhtfan.

4. To heighten ; to grace ; to give luftrc to.

As the calling dignifies the man^ io the man
much more advancei his calling* As a gar-
ment, chough it warms the body, has a return
' with an advantage, being mu(b more warmed by
It. South' i StrmQniM

5. 'Xo forward ; to accelerate.

Thefc three laft were flower than the ordinary
Indian wheat of itfelf; and ihis culture did rather
retard titan tdiMiict, Bacep.

15. To propofe ; to offer to the pi^blick ; to
■bring to view or notice.

'PhL-don 1 hight, quoth hi:, an4 do adwinet
My ancefby from famous Coradin. Fairy Sjitn.
\ dare not advanu my opinion ag.-^inll the judg-
ment of fo great an author ; but 1 tlilnk it fair to
(cave the decifion to the publick. Drydrn.

Some ne^er advame a judgment of their own.
But catch the fp eading notion of the town. Ppfe.
To Adva'wce. 1;. n.
1. To come forward.

At this the youth, whofe vent'rous foul
No fears of maglcic art controul,

Ath-anc*d in open fight. Fane}.

%. To make improvemen't.

They who would advance in knowledge, and
not deceive and fwcll thcmfelves with a little arti-
culated air, ihould not take words for real entities
in nature, till they can frame clear and diliin£l
ideas of tbofe entities. Locke.

Adva'»ce. »./ [from To advance.]
I. The aft of coming forward.

All the foot were put into Abington, with a re-
folution to quit, or defend, the town, according
to the manner of the enemy's advance towards it.

Clarendon.

So, like the fua*s advance j your titles fhow ;
Which, as he rifcs, does the warmer grow. IValler.

a. A tendency to come forward to meet a
lover ; an aft oi invitation.

In vain are all the pradis'd wiles.
In vain thofe eyes would love impart;

Not all th' advances, aU the fmiles.
Can move one unrelenting heart. 'ffa!Jh,

His genius was below
The &ill of cv'ry common beau ;
Who, though he cannot ff^H, is wife
i£nough to read a lady*s eyes j
>nd will each accidental glance
Jaterpret for a kind advance. S-zvift

He has defcribed the unworthy paRion of the
.goddefs Calypfo, and the indecent advances (ne
made to detain him from his own country. Po/-e.

That prince applied h.mfell ftrft to the Church
•f England, and upon their let'ufal to fail in with
his meafures, made the like advanus to the Dif-
fenters. Hwift.

3. Gradual progreflion ; rife from one
point to another.

Our Saviour railed the ruler's daughter, the wi-
dow's fpn, and Laiarus) the firil of thefe, when <hc
l^d juil exp.re>) j the fccond, as he was carriea V)
■tl)c grave an his bier; and lie third, after lie li.id
■Veen fome time buried. And having, by thefe
.gradual advances, m;in:fefted h.s divine pov,er, lu'
at lallexe :ed the hi^h.ll and molt gbriuus degree
of it; and laifcd hnnfeifalfo by bis own all-quick-'
.cning viitue, and accord'.jjg tj his own exprefs 1 re-
ittQ.mn. .Auerhnry.

M49 of Ihidy and thought, that reafnn ri^hr,
and arelovers of truth, doniake n9 great <:</ir<in,rs
in tlipir d.fcoveries of it. Locke.

.4. Improvement ; progrefc towards per ;
feftion.

The principle and oi>je£l of the greared impor-
tance in the world 10 the good of mankind, and. for
tne adv.inif and pcrfi£ling of human nature. Ha!e.
..Al>.YA'ii,CElvtE:NT. n.f. [a-vancemmt , Ft.]
J. The aft of coming forward.

"Xikit lefiocinFnt luiti'-cs diuljf advaBtmunis,

A D V

and, 1 hope, In time, will raife sur language to
the utmoft perfc^ion. Stvifr.

2. Theilateofbeingadvanced; preferment.

The Percles of the North
Finding his ufurpation moil unjuil,
Endeavour'd my advaxcemtnt to the throne.

Sbakejfetre.

3. The aft of advancing another.

In bis own grace he doth exalt himlelf
More than in your advancemcnf.

Sbokcjpeare'i King Lear,

4. Improvement ; promotion to a higher
ftate of excellence.

Nor can wc conceive it unwelcome unto thofe
worthies, who endeavour the advancement of learn-
ing. Brctun i Vulgar Erroun.

5. Settlement on a wife. This fenfe is
now difufed.

The jointure or advancement of the lady, was the

third part of the principality oi Wales, Bacon.

Adva'ncer. ft./, [from advance.] He

that advances any thing ; a promoter ;

forwarder.

Soon after the death of a great officer, who was
judged no advancer of the king's matters, the king
faid to his folicitor, Tell me truly, what fay you
of your coufin that is gone ? Bacon.

'The reporters arc greater advancers of defama-
tory deligns, than the very firft contrivers.

Government of the Tongue.

ADVA'NTAGE, «./ [advantage, Fr.]

1. Superiority ; often with of or over be-
fore a perfon.

In the pra^ical prudence of managing fiich gifts,
the laity may have fome ad'vantage over the clei^y j
whofe experience is, and ought to be, lefs of this
world than the other. Sprat,

All other forts and fefls of men would evidently
have ths ad-vantage of us, and a much furer title
to happinefs than we. Atterbury*

2. Superiority gained by ilratagcra, or
unlawful means.

"The common law hath left them this benefit,
whereof they make advantaget and wrert it to
their bad purpofcs. Sftnjer^i State bfjrtland.

But fpecialiy he took advantage of the night for
fuch pr!vy att-mpts, infomuch that the bruit of
hismanlinefs was fpread everywhere. 2 Af^atv. viii.7.

Great malice, backed with a great intercfl j

yet can h.jve no ada<antage oi a man, but from his

own cjtpcdlations of-fomething that rs without him,

Sautb^i Sermnni,

As foon as he was got to 'Sicily, they fent for
him back j dcfigning to take advantage, and pro-
f.'cute him in the abfcnce of his friends. Swift,

3. Opportunity; convenience.

Give me adi.\.>2tage of fome brief difcourfe
With Defdfmona alone. Sbakefpeare,

4. Favourable circumftances.

Like jewels to ad-vantage fet,
Her beauty by the ihadc does get. fVulUr,

A f.;cc, which is ovcr-fluihed, appears to ad-
vantage in the dcepefl fcarlet ; and the datkefl
complexion is not a little alleviated by a black
hood. Addtjon,

True wit is nature to ad-uantage drcfs*d,
Wh.1t oft was thought, but he'er fo well exprefs'd.

5. Superior excellence.

A man born with fuch advantage of conf^itu-
tion, that it adulterates not the images of h'snalnd.

GlanviiU.

.6. Gain ; profit.

Sot tnuu i^M\, what advantage will it be unto

thee, and whatifrofit ih^ll I hayc, ifl be cicanfcd

.from my fin ? ^ci.

•Ceriain it is, that advantage now fits in the

room oi conicience, end (leers all.

South's Strmom^

7, Overplas ; fomething more than the
mere lawful gain.
Wo owe thee much } within this waU of fleib

A D V

There is a foul counti thee her creditor,
Aui with advantage means to pay thy love.

lihakeffear*»
Yo« fa!d, you neither lend nor borrow
Upon advantage. Shakeff. Merchant of Venice.

8. Preporideration on one fide of the com-
parifon.

Much more (hould the confideration of this

fiattern arm us with patience againft ordinary ca-
amities ; efpecially if we confider his example
with this advantage, that though his fufterings
were wholly undefervcd, and not for himfcif but
for us, yet he bore them patiently. Tillotjon.

To Adva'nt ACE. f. «j. [from the noun.]

1. To benefit.

Convey what I fet down to my lady : it fhall
advantage rtsore than ever the bearing of letter
did. Hhakefpeare*

The trial hath endamag'd thee no way.
Rather more honour left, and more cfteem ;
Me nought advantag'd, miffing what I aim*d.

Milton*

The great bulincfs of the fenfes being to make
us take notice of what hurts or advantages the
body, it is wifely ordered by nature, that pain
Ihould accompany the reception of feveral ideas.

Locke,

Wc Ihould have purfued fome other way, more
effectual, for dlltreffing the common enemy, and
advantaging ourfelves. Swift.

2. To promote ; to bring forward ; ta
gain ground to.

The lloics that opinioned the fouls of wife men
dwelt about the mocn, and thofe of fools wander-
ed about the earth, advantaged the concert of this
effe^. Broivns Vulgar Errjurs.

To ennoble it with the fpirit that infpires the
Royal Society, were to advantage it in one of the
beft capacities in which it is improveablc.

Clanville''s Scepjii Scientifca.

Adva'ntageable. adj. [from advan-
tage.] Piofitable ; convenient ; gainfuL

As It is advantageahle to a phyfician to be call-
ed to the cure of declining difeafe, fo it is for a
commander to fupprefs a fedition which has pair-
ed the height. Sir y. Hayiiard,
Adva'ntaced. adj. [from To advan-
tage.] Poflefled of advantages ; com-
modioufly fituated or difpofed.

In the muft advantaged tempers, this difpofition
is but comparative ; whereas the moil of men la-
bour under difadvantagcs, which nothing can rid
them of. Glanville.

Adva'ntage-sround. n.f. Ground
that gives fuperiority, and opportuni-
ties of ^Innoyance or refillance.

This excellent man, who ftood i)ot upon the
adv.^niage-ground before, from the time of his
promotion to the archbifhoprick, provoked or un-
derwent the envy, and reproach, and malice, of
men of all qualities and conditions^ who agreed
in nothing eifc. Clarendon.

ADVANTA''cEOUS.aii)'. [ezvoHtageux, Fr.]

1. Of advantage; profitable; ul'eful; op-
portune ; convenient.

The time of Ccknefi, or afHiiflion, is, like the
co:j1 of the day to Adam, a feafon of peculiar pro-
priety for the voice of God to be he rd ; and may
be impr.ived into a very advantageous opportunity
of begetting or increafing fpiritual Mfe. Hamnattdt

. Here perhaps
Some advantageous ai5l msy be achicvM
By fuddcn onlet, ciiKe,- with hell-tire
To wafte his wh^'le creation; or polTefs
All as our own. Milton.

2. It is uied with relation to perfons, and
followed by to.

Since every painter paints himfeirin his own

works, His advantageous to him to know himfelf,

to the end that he may cultivate thofe talents

which make his genius. Dryden*

AoVAMTA'ciOUSLlf. <J</i/. ^from ad-van-

I tageoiis.\

A D V

tagtcus.] Coftveniently ; opportunely ;
profitably.

it was ad-vaxtagnufiy fituMeJ, th«ie boirtg an
faly pifiage from it to India, by ll-a. Arhutbnil.
Advanta'ceousn'ess. n. /. [from ad-
-vantageous.] Quality of being advan-
tageous ; profirable^efs ; ufefulnefs ;
convenience.

The laft property, which qualifies Cod for the
fitteft objeft of our love, is the jd'VanuzMufnrf,
of hM to us, both in th. prefent and the future
»• AV,rr-.»r^ B'yl''' Seraphic Lo-vc.

To ADVE'NE. -v. «. [ad-^emc. Lat.] To
accede to fortefhing ; to become part
cffomethingeUe, without being effen-
tial ; to be fuperadded.

A caofe confiaercd in judicatnre, is ftilcd an
accident.) caufe ; and the accidental o( any aO,
i» faid to be whatever ailvtms to the aa itfelf al-
ready lubUantiatad. . ^yliff,-! P^rtrg^.
Adve KiENT. (uij. [ad-ueniens, Lat.] Ad-
vening; coming from outward caufes ;
laperaddeJ.

Being thus divided from truth in ttemCelves,
they are yet farther removed by d-vmni decep-
tion ; for they are dally mocked Into errour by
fubt,er dcvifers. Brnun', Vulgar Errourl.

If to fuppofe tlie foul a diftinft fubft.mce from
the body, and extrlnHcally ad-vcnUni, be a gren
error m philofuphj, almoft all the w.irlj ha'h
been midakea. GU„^UU, Vamiy of D^gmaiifm.
Advent, n. /. [from adventuj ; that is,
adv€«ius Rfdrmprorh.] The name of one
of the holy feafons, fignifying the com-
tngi that is, the coming of our Saviour ;
which is made the fubjeft of our devo-
tion during the four weeks before Chrift-
. ""^V Common Prayer.

Adventine. adj. [from aducnio. ad-
•ventum.] Adventitious ; that which is
extnnfically added ; that which comes
from outward caufes j a word fcarcely
in ufe. '

A^ V

A D V

As tor the peregrine heat, it is thus far true,
that, ,f the proportion of the aj^venrine heat be
greatly predominant to the natural heat and fpirits
Of the body. It tendcth to diffolution or notable al-
teration, „

A r JjiSCCK.

^?'''"J!""'- "''J- {'"^■^""ii'"'. Lat.]
i hat which advenes ; accidental ; fu-
pervenient; cxtrip/ically added, not
euentially inherent.

Difcafes of continuant get .in ad-vt^whu,
ftreng.h from cuftom, bef.dej their material caufe
irom thf humours. d

Though we may call the obvious coloursTa"-*
tural, and the others attvtmitim, ; yet fucli
changes of colours, from whatfoevep caufe thev
proceed, may be properly taken in. Bovli

li his blood boil, and th' aA-umkkus fire
*ais d by high meats, and higher win*», require
10 temper and ailay the burning heat ;
Waters are brought, which by dccoaion get
Newcoolncft. Drd

M up by lapidaries, th.-re are not above three or

lTLc\ "' °?r',' :»«•',■'-"*•«», as Z
fcre^; a'^'' '"'' ^'/'^J*' "»«''« from the dlf-
fcrem admixture of other *fo«,/i,;», mineral

Adve kt.ve. ;,./ [ftomad-venio. Latin.]
The thing or perfon that comes from
without : a word not now in ufe

malt'.'lt ""i'"' *" "■" '■'' '"^"y' ''•"'thrt there
may be elb.«-toom wough for them, and for the
mavtntnra aifo, „

Adve'ntual. ajj. [from ad-vtr^.] Re
fating to the feafon of advent
i do atfo daily «ft o« other collc« j ar, n^e

ly, the coljefts ad-ventnal, quadra?e(imal, pafchal.
or ptntecofta!, for their proper fe.ifonr.

ADVE'NTURE. „./ [Prench^^'"'"'""-^"'"
I . An accident ; a chance ; a hazard •
an event of which we have no direc-
tion.

The general fummoned three cables ; one def-
perate of fuc«ar, and not Jefirous to difputc the
defence, prefentiy yielded ; but two ftood upon
tJieir ad'Vevtarc. Hciiu - ^

2. In this fenfe is ufcd the phrafe, a/^//
ad-ventures; [a I' adventure, Fr.] By
chance ; without any rntiocal fcheme.

_ Blows flew at all adventurci, v.-ounds and deaths
g^ven and taken unexpcaed; many fcarce know-
ing their enemies from their friends. Hay-ward.
Where the mind does not perceive pmbable
conneilion, there men's opinions are the ctfefts
of chance and hazard, of a mind floating at all
td-Lc«iura, without choice and without direaion.

1. Th« occafjon of cafual events ; an en-
terpnfe in which fomething muft be left
to hazard.

For I moa love, and am refolv'd to try
My fate, or, failing in th' advexiure, die.
rpi. . , DrydiK.

4- I his noun, with all its derivatives, is
frequently written without «a'j as, -ven-
ture, -venturous.

To Adve'nture. -v. n. [ad-venturer. Fr.]

1. To try the chance; to dare.

Be not angry,
Moft mighty princefs, that I have ad-vntur'd
To try your taki ng ftf a falfe report. Sbak,fp,ari. '
ilK tender and delicate woman amorg you,'
which would not advtr^iure to ftt the fole of her
foot upon the ground, for delicatenefs and tender-
cr K ' Ucutir. xiviii. i6.

Tff Adventure, -v. a. To put into the
power of chance.

For my father fought for you, and advtr.turj
his life for, and delivered you out of the hand of
Mldian. ^ ,

it is otten nfed with the reciprocal
pronoun ; as, he ad-ventured him/elf.
Adventurer. „. / [ad-.entur,er, Yr.^
tic that feeks occafions of hazard ; he
that puts himfelf in the hands of chance.

He IS a great advctiiurtr, faid he.
That hath bis fword through hard alTay foregone.

The king! of England did not make thfc™.
queft of Ireland ; it was begun by particular ad-
■v<ntur,ri, and other voWntanes, who came to feck
their fortunes, S-rJ.Da-vU,.

He intended to ha«,d his own aSion, that fo

wl"?r J H ".''K*-' «i" 'd^tmurers, who elfe

were like to be Icf. forward. RaUM-.

Had It not been ft>r the Bfiti/h, which the ittc

war. drew over, and udn^,„,ur.r, or loldiers feated

been left delhtutc. \ ^", *

0»r merchant, ihall ng more ad-ve»t'rcr, be.

Adventuresome, adj. [from adien-
t'lre.] I he fame with ad-venturous: a
low word, fcarcely ufed in writing.

Adve nturesomeness. n.f. [from ad-
-venture/ome.] The quality of being ad-
vcnturefome. j)-^

Advzstvuovs. adj. [nd-ventureux, Fr. ]

I. He that IS inclined to adventures ; and,
confequently, bold, daring, courageous.

At land »nd fca, in many a doubtful fight.
Was never known a mo,,: ad-vint' rou, knight :
Who oftner drew hi, fw«d, and always for ths

2. Applted to things, that which is full
of hazard; which requires courage;
dangerous.

But I've already troubled you too long.
Nor dare attempt a more advent'rms fong.
My humble veife demands a fofter theme j
A pamtcd meadow, or a purling ftream. Jddifo,,.
Adventurously, adv. [from adven-
turous.] After an adventurous man-
ner; boldly; daringly.

They are both hanged; and fo would this be,
if he durft fteal any thing adwviuro;iJty.

Skaiifpcarr'sHenryV.
A'pVERB. n.f. [adverbium, Lat.] A word
joined to a verb or adjeftive, and folely
applied to the ufe-of qualifying and re-
ftraining the latitude of their fignifica-
tion, by the intimation of fome circui^i-
ftance thereof; as, of quality, manner,
degree. Clarke's Latin Grammar.

Thus we fay, he runs/wi/ily ; the bird
flies aJo/t ; he lives -virtuoujly.
Adve'rbial. adj. [ad-verbialis, Lat.]
That which has the quality or ftrufture
of an adverb.

Adve'rbially. adv. [adverhialiter, Lat.]
Like an adverb ; in the miitner of an
adverb.

I fliould think alta was joined advtrhially with
trcmu, did Virgil make ufe of fo equivocal «
'^l'"^^'^- Jddlfon.

Adve'rsable. a<^'. [from ad-ver/e.] Con-
trary to ; oppofite to. Dia.

ADVERSARIA. „./. [Lat. A book, as
It fliould feem, in which Debtor and
Creditor were fet in oppofition.] A
common-place ; a book to note in. '

Thefe parchments are fuppofed to have been St.
VM\%ad-,,,rf,rh. Buir, Sertfons.

Adversary. »./ [ad-ver/ai re, Fr. ad-
'ver/arius, Lat.] An opponent ; an-
tagonift ; enemy : generally applied to
thofe that have verbal or judicial quar-
rels ; ^ as, controvertifts or litigants :
fometimes to an opponent in fmgle com-
bat. It may fometimes imply an open
profeffion of enmity ; as we fay, a fecret
enemy is worfe than an open ad-vtr/ary.

Yet am I noble, as the ad-verfaj
I come to cope. Shakcjf care's Kwg Lear.

ihole rites and ceinnonies of the church,
therefore, which were the felf-fame now thit ther
were when holy and virtuous men maintained
them agajnft profnne and deriding adterfarUs, her
own children have in dcrifion. H^j,^^

Mean while th' ad-tjerfary of God and man,
Satan, with thoughts inflam'd, of highcft defign.

An ad'jcrfary malfes a ftnfler fcarch into us.
and d.fcnvers every flaw and imperfedtion. in out
tempers. A friend exaggerates a man's virtues ;
an enemy inflames his crimes. Add\fon.

A D V e'r s A t I v E . adj. [adver/ati-vus, Lat.l
A tem of grammar, applied to a word
whic^i makes fome oppofition or variety •
as, m this fcntencc; This diamond i,
or.ent, but it is rough. But is an adver.
Jaiive conjunction.

A'd V E R s E . adj. [ ad-verfus, Lat. ]

^..^^Pa"*^.," ^^^ ""'^ '*»« accent on
the firft fyllable; in verfe it is ac-
cented on tlie firll by Shake/peare ; on
either, indifTerently, by M,7/.„ ; on .the
lait, by DrjJen ; on the firft, by Rof.
common.
P 2

!• A£iiag

A D V

1. AfUng with contrary direftions ; as,
two bodies in colliflon.

Wu I for this nigh wreckt upon the fea.
And twice, by adtttrft winds, from England's bank
Drove back again unto my native dime } Sbaktfp.

As when two polar winds, blowing advrrfcy
Upon the Cronian fea together drive
Mountains of ice. Afilttn.

With cjvirje blaft upturns them from the fouth,
Notus and Afer. Milton.

A cloud of fmoke envelopes either hoft,
And all at once the combatants are loll ;
Darkling they join <irfi;«r/c, and Ihock unfcen ;
Xlourfers with couriers julUing, men with men.

Drydtn.

Z. Figuratively, contrary to the wi(h or
defxre ; thence, calamitous ; affliflive ;
pernicious. It is oppofed to pro/feroui.

What if he hath decreed, that I ihall iirll
Be try'd in humble ftate, and things adnierfr ;
By tribulations, injuries, infults,
Contempts, and fcorns, and fnares, and violence.

Some the prevailing malice of the great,
Unhappy a>en, or adverfe fate,
Sunk deep into the gulfs of an afflided ftate.

Rcfcommtn.

5. Perfonally opponent ; the perfon that
countera^ls another, or contefts any
thing.

Well Ihe faw her father was grown her adverfe
yarty ; and yet her fortune fucb, as flie muft fa- ^
vour her rivals. Sidmy, :

'A'dversely. atl-v, [from ad'verfe7\ In'

an adverfe manner ; oppofitely ; unfor-

tonately. '

Whit I thirfk, 1 utter, and fpcnd my malice in

my breath. Jf the drink you give me touch my

jaUtte ad-uerfeiy, I make a crooked face at it.

Sbakeffieare.

Adve'rsity. n./. \_ad'vtrfiti , Fr.] M- ,
fliftion ; calamity ; that is, oppofition
«o our wifhes.

a. The caufe of our forrow ; affllflron ;
' misfortune. In this fenfe it may have
a plural.

Let me embrace thefe foMradverJrties,
for wife men fay, it is the wifefl courfe.

Sbakefpeare^ s Hertry VI.

3. The ftate «fur^ap{)inefs ; mifery.

Concerning deliverdnce itfclf fioiR all advcrfiryy
we ufe not to fay men are in ad-verjit^y v.'henf*iever
.they feel any fmall hindcrance of their welfare in;
this world, but when fome notable alfliiSion cr
-crofs, fame great calamity or trouble, befalletit
them. Htukin,

Sweet are the ufes of adverfiiy^
Which, like the tosd, ugly and venomous,
'Wears yet a pxf cious jewel in his head.

i^bfikc^ptare,

A remembrance of the good ufe he had made
©f profpcrity, contributed to fupport his mind ur,-'
der the heavy weight oi Adverjity, which then lay
upon him. Attt.rhury,

Vo ADVE'RT. -v. n. [aJ-verto, Lat.] To
attend to ; to regard ; to obfcrve ; with
the particle ie before the objedt of re-
gard.

The mind of man ijeing not capable at once
to advert to more than one thing, a particular view
and examination of ftich an innumerable number
K)f vail bodice, will alTord matter of admiration.
Ray en the Creation,
Now 'to the univerfal whole advert ;
The earth regard as of that whole a part ;
In which wide frame more noble worlds abound ;
Wicnefa, ye glorious orbs, which hang around.

Bitckmore,

We fomctimes fay,' Ta advert ihi mind
to an -^jeS.

A f)V

Adve'rtbnce. »./. [from <ufc«-/.] At-
tention><o ; regard to ; confideration.
ChriRianity may make Archimedes his chai-
- lenge ; give it but where it may fet its foot-;
allow but a fober advertence to its propofals, and it
will move the whole world. Decay ofPieiy.

Adve'rtency. w./. [from.ad'vert.'l The
fame with advertence. Attention ; re-
gard ; heedfulnels.

Too much advertency is not your talent ; or
clfe you had Hed irom that text, as from a rock.

Sivi/t,
Adve'rt£NT. adj. [from ad-vert.'] At-
tentive ; vigilant ; heedful.

This requires choice parts, great attention of
mind, fcqueftration from the importunity of fecu-
lar employments, and a long advertent and deli-
berate connexing of confequents.

■Hale^s Origin of Mankind.

To ADVERTrSE. v. a. [ad-vertir. Fr.
It is now fpoken with the accent upon
the laft fyllable ; but appears to have
been anciently accented on -the fe-
cond.]

1. To inform another; to give intelli-
gence ; witli an accufative of the per-
fon informed.

The bifliop did require a rcfpite.
Wherein he might the king Ills lord adveriije.
Whether our daughter were legitimate.

Shakefpeare.

As I by iriends am well flJvertj/ii/,
Sir Edmund Courtney, and the haughty prelate,
With many more confederates, are in arms. Sbak.

The king was not fo fliallow, nor fo ill advcr-
tifed, as not to perceive the intention of the French
king. Bacon.

I hope ye will advertife me fairly of what they
diflikf. J^igh-

2. To inform ; to give notice ; with q/"
before the fubjeft of information.

Ferhatcs, underftanding that Solyman expefled
more aflurcJ advertifement, onti> the other BafTas
declared the death of the emperor; o/" which they
/i</ai<Tri/i</ Solyman, filming thofe Jetters with all
their hands and feals.

Knol/ei's Hi/iory of tie Turk!.

They were to advertife the chief hero of the
difti-efTes of his fubjedls, occafioned by his ab-
fence. Drydcn.

3. To give notice of any thing, by means
of an ttdwertifement in the public prints ;
as. He advertifed bis loft.

Adverti'sement, or Adve'rtise-
MENT. n.f. [adverliffement, Fr.]

1. Inftruftion ; admonition.

— 'Tis all men's office to fpeak pati.nce
To thofc, that wring under the load of forrow;
But no man's virtue nor fufficiency.
To be fo moral, when he fhall endure
The like himfcif : therefore give me no counfel ;
My grie'fs are louder than advertifemcnt.

St/ikcfprare^s Much ado about Nothirg.

Cyras was once minded to have put Crcefus to
death ; but hearing him report the adveitifeinent
of Solon, he fparcd his liCe.

Aiiit'i 'Dcfcripticn ef tbe IVerld.

2. Intelligence ; information.

Then, as a cunning prince that ufeth fpics,
If they return no news, doth nothing know ;

But if they make advertifemer.t of lies,
The prince's counfel all awry do go.

Sir y-ybn Daviei.

He had received advertifttnent, that the party,
which was fent for his relief, had received fome
bru)h, which would much retard their march.

■ ' '^ ■ V'arendan.'

The drum and trumpet, by their feveral founds,'
fcrve for many kinds ot advertifements, in military
affairs! the bells ferve to proclaim afcarc-flre; andj
IB iume places, water-bteacheS} the <itpartuie of

A D V

a min, woman, ot child ; time of divine fervic*;
the hour of the day; day of the month. Holder,

3. Notice of any thing publilhed in a pa-
per of intelligence.
Adverti'ser. n./. [czdverli/eur, Fr.]

1 . He that gives intelligence or information.

2. The paper in which advertifements arc
publilhed.

Adve'rtisinc, or Ad vert I's inc. /ar/.
adj. [from ad-verti/e."] Aftive in giving
intelligence ; monitory : a word not
now in ufe.

As I was then
Mvertifing, and holy to your bufinefs.
Not changing heart with habit, 1 am lliU
Attornied at your fcrvice. Sbakefp. Meaf.for Meaf.

To Adve'sperate. 'v.n. [^ad-ve/pero, Lat.]
To draw towards evening. Di3.

Advi'ce. n. /. [avis, ad-vis, Fr. from ad-
"vifo, low Lat.]

1. Counfel; inlirnftion : except that in-
ftrudion implies fuperiority, and adt>ice
may be given by equals or inferiors.

Break we our Watch up, and, by my advice^
Let us impart what we liavc fcen to-night
Unto young Hamlet. Sbaktfp. Hamlet,

0 troubled, weak, and coward, as thou art!
Without thy poor advice, the lab'ring heart

To worfe extremes with fwifter fteps would run ;
Not fav'd by virtue, yet by vice undone. Prior,

2. Refleftion i prudent confideration : as,
he always afts with good adi'ice.

What he hath won, that he hath fortified :
So hot a fpeed, with fuch advice difpos'd.
Such temperate order, in fo fierce a courfe.
Doth want example. Sbakefp. Kiirg yattt.

3. Confultation ; deliberation : with the
particle •wili.

Great princes, takii;g -advice tvitb workmen,
with no Icfs cofl, fet their things together.

Baccn*s FJ/iiyr.

4. Intelligence: as, the merchants received
ad-vice of their lofs. This fenfe is ibme-
what low, and chiefly commercial.

Advi'ce-boat. n.f. A veflel employed

to bring intelligence.
Advi'sable. adj. [from ad-vife. ] Prudent ;

fit to be advifed. • '

Some judge it advifahle for a man to account
with his heart every day ; and this, no doubt, is
the bed and lurcft courfe; for ftill ihe oftner, the
better. . Soutb^i Sermonu

It is not advifahle to reward, whe.c men have
the tendcmefs not to punifh. L'EJirange's Fablet,

Anvi'sABLENEss. »./. [^ttom advi/able.l
The quality of being advifable, or lit ;
fitnefs ; propriety.
To ADVrSE. -v. a. [aJ-vl/er, Fr.]
I.. To counfel : with the particle to before
the tiling advifed.
If you do ftir abroad, go-Brm'd.

Arm'd, brother!

Brother, 1 advife you to the bed.

Sbakefp. f^ing Lear,

1 would advife all gentlemen to learn merchants
account!, and not to think it a fkill that belongs not
to them. Locke,

When I confider the fcruplcs and cautions I here
lay in your way, methinks it looks as if 1 advifed
you to fomcthing which I would have oilered at,
but in effefl nut done. Locke.

2. To give information 4 to inform ; to
make acquainted with an^y thing : often
with the particle o/'before the thing told.

'i'^ou were advis'd, his flelh was capable
Of wiunds and fcirs ; and that his forward fpirit
Would liftjiim, whccemoft trade of danger rang'd.

Sbakefpeare.
.Sttch

A D V

A D U

A D U

Such difcourfe bring on«
As may advife him o/"his happy (lace;
Happinefs in his pow'r, left free to will.

ParaJi/e Loft.
A pofting mcflenger difpatch'd from hence,
0/"this fair troop advit'd their aged prince.

Dryden^s ^ne'id.
To Advi'se. v. n.

1 . To confult : with the particle luith be-
fore the perfon coaiulted ; as, be adiiijed
txjhh his companions.

2. To confider 4 to deliberate.

Advife if this be worth
Attempting, or to fit in darknefs here,
Hatching vain empires.

Miltni's Parad'ife Ltfi, b. ii.
Av>vist.T>. participial adj. [from ad'vift.'\

1 . A Aing with deliberation and defign ;
prudent ; wife.

Let his travel appearrather in bis difcourfe, than
in his apparel or gefture ; and, -in his difcourfe,
let him be rather adnjijed in his anfwers, than for-
-ward to tell ftories. Bacon t Efjays.

Th* Almighty Father, where he fits
Shrin'd in his fanftuary of heav'n fecure,
Confulting on the fum of things forefeen.
This tumult, and permitted a>l, ad-vh^d,

Faradijl LoJI, b. vi.

2. Performed with deliberation J done on
purpole ; adled with defign.

By that which we work naturally, as, when we
breathe, fleep, and move, we fet forth the glory
of God, as natural agents do ; albeit we have no
-cxprefs purpofe to make that our end, nor any ad-
vijid determinatioa therein to follow a law.

Hunker, b. i. p. 49.
In my fchool-days, when I had loft one Ihaft,
1 (hot his fellow of the felf-fame flight.
The felf-fame way, with more advijtd watch.
To find the other forth ; by vent'ring both,
I oft found both. Stakiff. Mtrcbant of Venice.
Advi'sedly. ad'v. \^ioai adv[fed.'\ So-
berly ; heedfully ; deliberately ; pur-
pofely ; by defign ; prudently.

'J'his h(Xi\c,tidvifcdly read and diligently followed
-but one year at home, would do more good than
three years travel abroad. Ajcham.

Surprife may be made by moving things, when
the pirty is in hade, and cannot ftay to confii*;r
edvijedlj of that which is moved.

Bacortf EJfay xxiii.
Thou (iileft fecond thoughts (by all allowed the
bcl^) a relapfe, and accufett conflancy of mifchief
in what is natural, and adnjijedly undertalcen.

^';V Jnbn SuckTirg.

Advi'sedness. n./. [from ad'vi/ed.] De-
liberation ; cool and prudent procedure.

While things are in agitation, private men may
modeftly tender their thoughts to the confideration
of thofe that are in authority; to whofe care it
belnngeth, in prefcribing concerning indilf^rent
things, to proceed witli all juft advijedncji and mo-
deration. Sauttderjon^i 'Judgment in one t^inv.

Advi'sement. n./. [ad-v i/eme«e, Fr.]
I. Counfel ; information.

Mote I wote,
What ftrange adventure do ye now purfue ?
Perhaps my fuccour, or advijement meet,
Mote {lead you much. Fairj Siueen.

I will, according to your ad'vljtment, declare the
«Til5, which fcem mod hurtful.

Sffnfer't Stall of Ireland.

a. It is taken likewife, in old writers, for
prudence and circumfpedlioa. It is now,
in both fenfes, antiquated.

Advi'ser. n.y". [(roai ad'vi/e,'] The per-
fon that advifes, or gives counfel j a
^ounfellor.

Mac, free from court-compli»nc«, he walks,
Aad with hUniclf, his beft advifer, ttlki.

fTaJler.

They never fail of their moll artful and indefa-
tigable addrefs, to filence the impertinent advifer,
whofe feverity awes their exceffes.

Rijgers^s Sermons.
AduLa'tiON. n./. [adulation, Fr. adula-
tio, Lat.] FLittery ; high co.aipliment.

O be ficic, great Greatnefs I
And by thy ceremony give thee cure.
Think'il thou the fiery fever will go out
With titles blown from adulation ?

Staic^earc's Henry V.
They who flattered him moft before, men'ioned
him now with the greateft bitternefs, without im-
pudng the leaft crime to him, committed fmce the
time of that exalted adulation, or that was not ihen
as much knowa to them, as it could be now.

Clarendon,

Adula'tor. ?;./ [adulator, Lat.] A flat-
terer. Dm.

A'dulatory. adj. [adulatorius, Lat.]
Flattering; full of compliments.

ADU'LT. adj. [adu/tus, Lat.] Grown up;
paft the age of infancy and weaknefs.
They would appear Icfs able to approve themfelvcs,
not only to the confeflbr, brjt even to the catechill,
in their adult age, than they were in their minority ;
as having fcarce ever thought of the principles of
their religion, fmce they conned them to avoid
correction. De^ay of Piety.

The earth, by thefe applauded fchools, 'tis faiJ,
This fingle crop of men and women bred ;
Who g own adult, fo chance, it feems, enjoin'd.
Did, male and female, propagate their kind.

Blackmare.

Adu'lt. n.f. A perfon above the age of
infancy, or grown to fome degree of^
ftrength ; fometimes full grown: a word
ufed chiefly by medicinal writers.

The deprefiion of the cranium, without a frac-
ture, can but feldom occur ; and then it happens
to children, whofe bones are more pliable and foft
than thofe of adults, Sharp's Surgery.

.■^Dtj'LTNESS. n.f. [from adult.'\ The
ftate of being adult. See Adoles-
cence. Dm.

To Adu'lt ER. v. a. [adulterer, Fr.adul-
tero, Lat.] To commit adultery with
another : a word not claffical.

His challewife
He iiifa/rff-i ftill : his thoughts lie with. a whorr.

Ben yonjon.

Adu'lter ANT. ». y; [adulteraiii, Lat.]
The perfon or thing which adulterates.

7» Adu'lterate. 'V. a. [adulterer, Fr.
adultero, Lat.]

1. To commit adultery.

But fortimc, ohi
yidullcralet hourly with thine uncle John.

Sbakejpearc,

2. To corrupt by fome foreign admixture;
to contaminate.

Common pot-alhcs, bought of them tiiat fell it
in Ihops, who arc not f.> foolifhly kiiavilh as to
adulterate them with (alt-petrc, which is much
dearer thaii p<-.t-alhei. Boyle.

Cuulil a man be compofcd to fuch an advantage
of conilitutii'H, that it Ihould not at all adulterate
the images of his mind ; yet this fecond nature
would altcrthe crafis of liis undeiftinding.

■ Glanville's Scepjh Scienrifi.a, c» xvi.

The prefent war has fo adulterated our tongue

with llrangc words, that it would be impoflible for

one of our great-grandfathers to know what his

pofterity have been doing. . Spcilaior.

Adu'lter ate. adj. [from To adulterat^e.']

I. Tainted with the guilt of adultery.

I. am pofTcls'd with an adulterate h\ot\
My blood is mingled with the grime of luft;
Being ftruropetcd by thy contagion.

Sbakcjpcartt Cmedy ofEp-ori,

—That inceftuous, that adulterate beaft.

Shakefpeam
I. Corrupted with fome foreign mixture.

It does indeed differ no more, than the makef

of adulterate wares does from the vender of them.

Govirnment of the Tmgue.

They will have all their gold and filver, and

may keep their adulterate copper at home.

Swift's Mifcellan'iet.

Adu'lter ate NEss.n./[fromWa//^rart.]

The quality or ftate of being adulterate,

or counterfeit.

Adulter a't ion. n.f. [from adulterate. ]

1. The ait of adulterating or corrupting
by foreign mixture ; contamination.

To make the compound pals for the rich metal
fimple, is an adulteration, or counterfeiting : but
if it be done avowedly, and without dif^ju-fing, it
may be a great faviiig of the richer metal.

Bacon's Natural Hifory, No 798.

2. TJie ftate of being adulterated, or con-
taminated.

Such tranflations are like the adulteration of the

nbbleft wines, where fomething of the colour, fpirit,

and flavour, will remain. Feltcn on the Clajpcs.

Adu'lTerer. n.f. [adulter, Lat.] The

perfon guilty of adultery.

With what impatience mult the mufe behold
The wife by her procuring hulband fold ;
For tho' the law makes null th' adulterer's deed
Of lands to her, the cuckold may fucceed.

Drydcn's Juvenal.

Adu'lteress. n.f. [from adulterer.^ A
woman that commits adultery.

The Spartan lady replied, when (he was artced.
What was the punifljment for adulterrjps f There
are no fuch things here.

Government of the Tongue, § 3.
Helen's rich attite,
From Argos by the fam'd aduli'refs brought.
With golden flow'rs and winding foliage wrought.
Dryden's Virgil,

A D u'l T E R I N E . tt.f. [adulterine, Fr. adul-
terinits, Lat.] A child born of an adul-
terefs : a term of canon law.
Adu'lterous.«^'. [adulter, La.t.'\ Guilty
of adultery.

Th' adulterous Antony, moft large
In his abominations, turns you off,
And gives his potent regiment to i trull.
That nofes it agaitill us.

Shakcjpeare's Antony and Cleopatra,

An adulterous perlon is tied to reftitufion of

the injury, fo far as it is reparable ■, and to make

provifion for the children, that they may not injure

the legitimate, Taylor.

Think on whofe faith th' aduli'rous youth rely'd ;

Who promii'd, who p rocur'd the Spartan bride ?

Dryden's JEneid.

ADU'LTERY. n. f. [adulterium, Lat.]
The aft of violating the bed of a mar-
ried perfon.

All thy domeflic griefs at home be left,
The wife's adult' ry, with the fcivant's theft;
And (the moft racking thought which can intrude)
Forget falfe friends, and their ingratitude.

Dryden's Juvenal^

Adu'mbrant. adj. [from adumbrate.'\
That which gives a flight refemblance.

To ADU'MBRATE. -v. a. [adumbro, Lat.]
To {hadow out ; to give a flight like-
nefs ; to exhibit a faint refemblance,
like that which fliadows afford of the
bodies which they reprefent.

Heaven is defigned for our reward, as well as
refcue ; and therefore Is adumbrated by all thofe
pofitive excellencies, which can endear or recom-
mend. Decay of Piety.

Adumbra'ticn. n.f. [horn adumbrate.}

1 . The

A D V

I. The aft of adumbrating, or giving a
flight and imperfeft reprefentation. See

AOUMBKATE.

To make feme adumbratitn of that we mean,
it it rather an impullion or contufion of the air,
thao an elifioa or fedion of the fame*

Bae. Nat. Hip, N" iSr-
X. The flight and imperfea reprefentation
of a thing ; a faint fltetch.

The eblervcrt view but the backfide of the h ing-
ings ; the right one is on the other fide the grave :
and our knowledge is but like thofe broken ends ;
at bed a moil confufeJ adumbration.

Clanville't Scefjii Scientifica.

Thofe of the firft fort have fome aJumbration
of the rational nature, as vegeublcs have of the
fenfible. ««'''' Origin.

Advna'tion. »./. [from ad and «»«/,
Lat.] The ftate of being united ; union :
a word of little ufe.

When, by glaciation, wood, draw, duft, anJ
water, are fuppofcd to be united into one lump,
the cold does not caufe any real union or attunalhti,
but only hardening the aqueous parts of the liquor
into ice, the other bodies, being accidentally pre-
(ent in that liquor, are frozen up in it, but not
really united. BoyU.

Aou'NCiTY.n./. [«<A«»a>flx, Lat.] Crook-
ednefs ; flexure inwards j hookednefs.

There can be no queftion, but the aJunc'itj of
the pounces and beaks of the hawks, is the caufe
of the great and habitual immorality of thofe ani-
mals. Arittibmt and Pope's Mart. Scrih.
Avv'KQVi.adj. [WawfBJ.Lat.] Crooked;
bending inwards ; hooked.

The birds that are fpeakers, are pariots, pies,
jays, daws, and ravens ; of which parrots have an
mdungut bill, hut the relV not.

Bacons Nat. Hi/I. N° 238.
A'dvocacy. »./. [from advocate.] The
Z^ of pleading ; vindication ; defence :
apology ; a word in little ufe.

If any there are who are of opinion that there

Sre no antipodes, or that the ftars do fall, they

Ihall not want herein the applaufe or advocacy of

Satan. Brotuni l^ulgar Errourt, h. i.

. A'DVOCATE. «./. [adiwcatus, hiit.]

1 . He that pleads the caufe of another in
a court of judicature.

An advcca'i, in the general import of the word,
is that perfon who has the pleading and manage-
ment of a judicial caufe. In a ftriS way of fpeak-
ing, only that perfon is (tiled advocate, who is the
patron of the caufe, and is often,-in Latin, termed
togaliis, and, in £ngli{h, a perfon of the long
robe. ^yliffe's Parergon.

Learn whatthou ow'ft thy country and thy friend ;
What's ttquifite to fpare, and what to fpend :
Learn this ; and, after, envy not the (lore
;. 0$ the greas'd tdvocaU that grinds the poor.
1 ■rri Drydcn's Ptrjiuu

2. He that pleads any caufe, in whatever
manner, as a controvertift or vindicator.

If Oie dares trull me with her litcic babo,
I'll (hew 't the king, and undertake to be
Her advocate to the loud'ft. Sbakefp. riatttlct.

Of the feveral forms of government that have
been, or are, in the world, that caufe fcems com-
m»iiy the better, that bas the better advocate, or
Is. advantaged by frelher experience*

Tcir/ile'i Mifcellanies.

3. It is ufed with the particle for before
the perfon or thing, in whofe favour the
plea is offered.

Foes to all living worth except your own,
And advocates fir folly dead and gone.

Ptfc's Bpijiks,

4. In the fcriptural and facrcd fenfe, it
Hands for one of the oiBces of our Re-
deemer,

A E

^ Me his aJvocMi,

And propitiation ; all his works on me,
•jood, or not good, ingraft. Milton's Parai. Lcjl.
Advoca'tion. n.f. [from ad'vocate.'] The
office or aft of pleading ; plea ; apology.

My advocation is not now in tune;
My lord i» not my lord ; nor fliould I know him.
Were be in favour, as in humour, alter'd.

Shaktffeare's Othello.

Advola'tion. ». _/! [advalo, ad-volattmt,

Lat.l The aft of flying to fomething.

■^ Dia.

Advolv'tion. n.f. [fl</W«/»e, Lat.] The

aft of rolling to fomething.
Advo'utrv. n. f. [avotttrie, Fr.] A-
dultery.

He was the moft perfidi*u9 man upon the earth,
and he had made a marriage compounded between
an advontry and a rape, Bacen's Henry Vll.

Advowe'. n.f. He that has the right of
advowfon. See Advowson.

Advo'wson, or Advo'wzen, n.f. [In
common law.] A right to prefent to a
benefice, and fignifies as much as Jus
Patronatus. In the canon law, it is fo
termed, becaufe they that originally ob-
tained the right of prefenting to any
church, were great benefaftors thereto ;
and are therefore termed fometimes Pn-
troni, fometimes Advocati. Convell.

To Adu're. v. n. [aduro, Lat.] To burn
up : not in ufe.

Such a degree of heat, which doth neither melt
nor ftorch, doth mellow, and not adure.

Bacon's Nat. Htji.ti" 319-

Adu'st. adj. \aduftus, Lat.]

1. Burnt up; hot as with fire ; fcorched.

By this means, the virtual heat of the water
will enter ; and fuch a heat as will not make the
body adufl, or fragile. Bacon.

Which with torrid heat.
And vapours as the I^ibyan air adujl.
Began to parch that temperate clime.

Milton's Paradr hoji.

2. It is generally now applied, in a me-
dicinal or philofophical fenfe, to the
complexion and humours of the body.

Such humours arc «(/»/, as, by long heat, become
of a hot and fiery nature, as choler, and the like.

Stuincy.

To eafe the foal of one oppreflive weight.
This quits an empire, that embroils a ftate.
The farse aduJI complexion has impell'd
Charles to.thc convent, Philip to the field. Pope.

Adtj'sted. adj. [See Adust.]

1. Burnt; fcorched; dried with fire.

Sulphurous and nitrous foam
They found, they mingled, and with fubtle art
Concofted, and adtijicd, they reduc'd
To bhckell: grain, and into ftore convey'd.

Paradife Lojl.

2. Hot, as the complexion.

They arc but the fruits of aduficd choler, and
the evaporations of a vindicative fpirit. Howell.

Adu'stible. adj.\(Tom aduJl.] That
which may be adufted, or burnt up. Di^.

Abu'stion. n.f. [from «(/»/?.] The aft
of burning up, or drying, as hy fire.

This is ordinarily a confequcnce of a burning

colliquative fever ; the foftcr parts being melted

away, the heat continuing its adujiion, upon the

drier and flefliy parts, changes into a marcid fever.

Harvey on Confumptions.

Adz. n.f. SeeAoDicB.

AE, or M. A diphthong of very fre-
quent ufe in the Latin language, which
feems not properly to have any place in
the Englifli ; fmcc the et of the Saxons

A E R

has been long out of ufe, being changed
to e fimple, to which, in words fre-
quently occurring, the <jrof the Romans
is, in the fame manner, altered, as in
equatir, equinoSial, and even in Eneat.
yE'ciLOPS. H.f. [ntytKu-^, Gr. fignifying
goat-eyed, the goat being fubjeft to this
ailment.] A tumour or fweHing in the
great corner of the eye, by the root of
the nofe, either with or without an in-
flammation : alfo a plant fo called, for
its fuppofed virtues againft fuch a dif-
temper. ^incy.

^gilops is a tubercle in the inner canthui of
the eye. fVifeman's Surgery,

JE'glogv?.. n. f. [written inftead of
eclogue, from a mi(?aken etymology.] A
pailoral ; a dialogue in verfe between
goat-l^rds.

Which moved him rather in plagues otherwife
to write, doubting, perhaps, his ability, which he*
little needed, or minding to furnilh our tongue
with this kind wherein it faultcth.

Spenfer^s Pajlorals,

JEgyvti'acvh. n.f. An ointment con-
fifting only of honey, verdigreafe, and
vinegar. ^inty.

Ml, or Eal, or Al [in compound names,
as Tia.) in the Greek compounds] figni-
fies all. Or altogether. So JElvjin is a
complete conqueror : Albert, all illujlrieus :
Aldred, altogether reverend : Alfred, alto-
gether peaceful. To tbefe PammachiuSf
Pancratius, P amphilius , Sic. do in fome
meafure anfwer. Gibfon's Camden^

Mhv [which, according to various dia-
lefts, is pronounced ulf, tuelph, hulph,
hilp, helfc, and, at this day, help] im-
plies afTiftance. SoAElfiuin is 'v'tSorious ;
and j^lpuiold, an auxiliary go-vernour j
j^lfgifa, a lender . of ajfjlance : with
which Boetius, Symmachus, Epicurus, Sec
bear a plain analogy. Gibfon's Camden.

jEni'gma. See Enigma.

Ae'rial. adj. [ai'rius, Lat.]

1. Belonging to the air, as confining of it.

The thunder, when to roll
With terrour through the darkuirifl/hall,

Paradife Lcji.
From all that can with fins or feathers fly.
Thro' the aerial or the wat'ry {ky. Prior.

T gathered the thicknefs of the air, or aerial in-
terval, of the glafles at that ring.

Nrwtsn's Opticktr

Vegetables abound more with aerial particics

than animal fubftances. jirhutbnot on Aliments.

2. Produced by the air.

The gifts of heav'n my foU'wJng fong purfues^
Aerial honey, and anibrolial dews.

Dryden's firg, Georf.

3. Inhabiting the air.

Where thofe immortal fliapcs
Of bright aerial fpirits live infpher'd.
In regions mild, of calm and fercnc air.

Paradife Regained,

Aerial anim^U maybe fubdivideJ into birds and

flies, , Lode.

4. Placed in the air.

Here I'ubterranean works^ and cities fee.
There towns aer'uiJ on the waving tree.

Pope's Efpjy tn Man.

5. High ; elevated in fttuauon, and therc»
fore in the air.

A fpocious city ftood, with flrmeft walls
Sure mounded, and with numerous turrets crown'd.
Aerial fpires, and citadels, the feat
Of kings and heroes refolute in war. Philips.

A'SRIK.

A F F

A'ERtE. n. f. [airie, Fr.] The proper
word, in hawks and other birds of prey,
for that which we generally call a neft
in other birds. Coivell.

Aero'logy. n./. [aie and \oy&; Gr.]
The doctrine of the *r.

A'eromancv. «./. [aif and fia»)i?> Gr.]
The art of divining by the air. Dii?.

Aero'metry. »./ [i^ and (x/l^iV] The
art of meafuring the air. DiiS.

Aero'scopy. ft./. [a)ij and <r«V1«, Gr.]
The obfervation of the air. DriS.

.S'thiops-mineral. «./ A medicine
fo called, from its dark colour, prepar-
ed of quickfilver and fulphur, ground
together in a marble mortar to a black
powder. Such as have ufed it moil,
think its virtues not very great, ^incy.

^ti'tes. »./ [i(T^, an eagle.] Eagle-
ftone. It is about the bignefs of a chell-
nut, and hollow, with fomewhat in it
that rattles upon fhaking. ^imy.

Afa'r. adv. [from a and at., and/ar.]
See Far.

1 . At a great diftance.

So ihaken as we are, fo wan with care.
Find we a time for frighted peace to pant,
And breathe (hort-winded accents of new broils,
To be commenc'd in ftroudj afar remote ?

Sbaiefpttirt'% Henry IV.
We hear better when we hold our breath than
contrary ; infomuch as in liftening to attain a
foonil tfir off, men hold th«ir breith.

Bacm'i Natural Htjiory, N° 284.

n. To or from a great diftance.

Heftor hiftcntd to relieve his boy ;
Difmifs'd his burnilk'd helm that (hone tfar.
The pride of warriours, and the pomp of war.

Dryden.

3. From afar ; from a diftant place.

The rough Vulturr.us, furious in its courfe,
With rapid dreams divides the fruitful grounds,
And/roBi afar in hollow murmur (bunds.

Addifon on holy.

4. Afar off; remotely diftant.

Much fufpcfling his fecrct ends, he entertained
a treaty of peace with Frante, but fecretly and
afar off, and to be governed as occaiiors (hnild
\3xv. Sir J'^hn HayivarJ.

Afe'ard. pJiTt'uifial adj. [from to fear,

for to fright, with a redundant.]
a. Frighted ; terrified ; afraid.

He loudly bray'd, that like was never heard.
And from his wide devouring oven fer.t
A fhke of fire, that flafliing in hia beard,
Him ail amaz'd, and almoft trnit aftard.

Fahy Siutert.
But fell me, Hal, art thou not horridly afiardf
Thon being heir apparent, could the world pick
thee out three fuch enemies again.

Shaiefptari't Henry IV.
Till h« cherifli too much beard.
And make Love, or me, afrard.

Ben yanfoni Underivsodj.

2. It has the particle of before the objeft
of fear.

Fear is defcribed by Spenfer to ride in armour,
at the claihing whereof he looks afeard o/himfelf.

Peacbam.

It is now obfelete ; the laft author
whom I have found ufing it, is Sedley.
jTFER. n.f. [Lat.] The fouth-weft wind.

With adveric blaft upturni them from the
fouth,
Notut and Afer, black with thund'rous clouds.

Milieu' I Paradife Lifi. It. x.

Afpab j'lity. n.f. [affaiilile. Ft. af.
fabilitai, Lau See AFPAii«i.] T'.e

A F F

quality of being affable? eafinefs of
manners; courteoufnefs ; civility ; con-
defcenfion. It is commonly ufed of
fuperiours.

Hearing of her beauty and her wit.
Her affaiiiity and bailifu! nioderty,
Her wond'rous qualities, and mild behaviour.

Sbakefpcar£.

He was of a mod flowing courtefy and affabi-
lity to all men, and fo defirous to oblige them,
that he did not enough confider the value of the
obligation, or the merit of the perfon. Clarend.

All inftinces of charity, fwcecnefs of converfa-
tloi', affabil'uy, admonition, all (ignifications ol
tendernefs, care, and watchfulnefs, mud be ex-
prefl'ed towards children. Taylor.

It is impoilible for a publick minifter to be fo
open and eafy to all his old friends, as he was in
his priva;e condition ; but this may be helped out
by an affability of addrefs. VEjirangi.

A'FFABLE. adj. [affable, Fr. affahilis,
Lat.]

1. Eafy of manners; accoftable ; cour-
teous ; complaifant. It is ufed of fu-
periours.

He waj affable, and b«th well and fair fpoken,
and would ufe ftrange fweetnefs and blandilh-
ment of words, where he delired to afFe^ or per-
fuade any thing that he took to heart. Baccn.

Her father is
An affable and courteous gentleman.

Shaktjft. Tarn* Shrew.

Gentle to me and affable hath been
Thy condefcenfion, and (liall be honour'd ever
With graceful memoty. Mit'tan'i Par. Lo/1, b. viii.

2. It is applied to the external appear-
ance; benign; mild; favourable.

Augudus appeared, loi-king round him with a
fcrene and affable countenance upon all the
writers of his age. Tatlir.

A'ffableness. n. f. [from affable. '\
Courtefy ; affability.

A'ffably. adv. [from affable.'] In an
. affable manner ; courteoufly ; civilly.

A'fpabrous. adj. [affabre, Fr.] Skil-
fully made ; complete ; iinilhed in a
workman-like manner. DUl.

Aff abula'tion. n.f. \affabulatu>, Lat.]
The moral of a fable. Dia.

Affa'ir. n.f, [affaire, Fr.] Bufinefs ;
fomething to be managed or tranlafted.
It is ufed for both private and public
matters.

1 wai not born for courts or great affairi ;
I pay my debts, believe, and fay my prayers. Pofie. '

A good acquaintance with method will greatly
alTiii every one in ranging, difpofing, and manag-
ing all human affairs. tVatti's Lcg'uk.

Wh.it St. John's (kill in date affairs.
What Orm'>nd's valour, Oxford'^ cares,
To aid their (inking country lent.
Was all dcftroy'd by one cv -nt. Sivift.

To Afpe'ar. v. n. [from affer, Fr.] To
confirm ; to give a fandion to ; to
eftablifti : an old, term of law.

Bleed, bleed, poor country !
Great tyranny, lay thou thy balis furc;
For gnodncfs ilares not check thee !
His title is offrar'd. Sbattfp. Marheth.

Affe'ct. n.f. [from the verb nffeB.]
1. Affeftion ; pafllon ; fenfation.

It leemcth that as the feet have a fymprthy
with the head, fo the wrifts have a fympathy
with the heart; we fee the affeds and pallions of i
the heart and fpirits are notably difclofed by the
pulfe. Bacon's Natural Hifliry, a" ij-j.

z. Quality; circumftance.

1 (ind it difficult to make out one fmgle ulcer,
as authors defcrifae it, without other fjmptoms or
affea-. joined to it. ifijcman.

A F F

This IS only the antiquated worJ for
affeiiion.
To AFFE'CT. t/. a. [affe^er, Fr. affdo,
affeilum, Lat.]

1 . To aft upon ; to produce effefts in any
other thing.

The fun
Had (ird his precept fo to move, fo /hine.
As might afftSi'Cm earth with cold and heat,
Scarce tolerable. Milton's Paradife Lojf, h. x,

The generality of men are wholly governed by
names, in matters of good and evil ; fo far ae
thefe qualities relate to, and aff^^, the a£^ions of
men. Soutb's Sermons.

Yet even thofe two particles do reciprocally
afftB each other with the fame force and vigour,
ii they would do at the fame didance in any other
fituation imaginable. Ben'ley's Sermons,

2. To move the paffions.

As a thinking man cannot but be very much
affc3cd with the idea of his appearing in the pre-
fence of that Being, whom none can fee and live;
he mud be much more affiSled, when he con-
liders, that this Being, whom he appears before,
will examine the actions of his life, and reward or
puni(h bim accordingly.

AJdijon, SpeBai»r„ N» 513.

3. To aim at ; to endeavour after : fpoken
of perfons.

Atrldes broke
His filence next, but ponder'd ere he fpoke :
Wife are thy words, and glad I would obey.
But this proud man affells imperial fway.

Dryden's Iliad.

4. To tend to; to endeavour after; fpoken
of things.

The drops of every fluid affiSl a round figure^
by the mutual attraftion of their parts ; as the
globe of the earth and fea affeHs a round figur*,
by the mutual attra(3ion of its parts by gravity.

Neivton's Optich.

5. To be fond of; to be pleafed with;
to love; to regard with fondnefs.

That little which fomc of the heathen did
chance to hear, concerning fuch matter as the
facred Scripture plentifully containeth, they did
in wonderful fort affe^. Hookerj b, i.

There is your crown ;
And he that wears the crown immortally,
Ixing guard it yours ! If I affcfi it more.
Than as your honour, and as your renown.
Let me no more from this obedience rife.

Sbakefpcare' s Henry IV.

Think not that wars wc love, and drift; affeB ;
Or that we hate fweet peace. Fairfax, b» ii,

-None but a woman could a man diredl
To tell us women what vie mo<i affefl.

Dryd. mfe of Batb.

6. To make a Ihew of fomething ; to
ftudy the appearance of any thing j
with feme degree of hypocrify.

Another nymph, amongd the many fair,
Before the reft affeaed dill to ftand.
And watch'd my eye, preventing my command.

J*r(c»-.

Thcfe often carry the humour fo far, till their
afffSled coldncfs and indifFcrcncc quire kills all- the
fondnefs of a lover. Addifon, Speffator, N° j 7 1.

Coquet and coy at once her air.
Both dudicd, though both li^em negledled ;

Carelefs (he is with artful c^e,
AffcSling to feem una(feftcd. Congreve,

The confcious hulband, whom like fymptomi
feize.
Charges on her the guilt of their dlfeafe ;
Affiiiing fury, adls a madman's part.
He'll ri|i the fatal fccret from her heart. Gran-vlllr.

7. To imitate in an unnatural and con-
ftrained manner.

Sj enfer, in affiBing the ancients, writ no lan-
guage ; yet 1 would have him read for his matter,
but as Virgil read £noius.

Stnjonjun'i D'lfcoveries,

8. T*

A F F

8. To convift of fome crime ; to attaint
with guilt ; a phrafe merely juridical.

By the civil law, if a dowry with a wife be pro-
ttiifed and not paid, the hultand is not obliged to
•llow her alimony. But if her parents (hall be-
come infolvent by fome misfortune, (he (lull have
alimony, unlefs you can affifi them with fraud,
in promifing what they knew they were not able
to perform. Ayliffc's Partr^m.

AFFECTA'TiON. «./. [offiiHalio, Lat.J
I. Fondnefs ; high degree of liking;
commonly with fome degree of culpa-
bility.

In things of tlieir own nature indifferent, if
either councils or particular men have at any
■ time, with found judgment, mifliked conformity
between the church of God and infiJcls, the caufe
thereof hath been fomewhat clfe than only affrc-
tathn of diflimilitude. Huetf, k, iv. ^ 7.

*. An artificial Ihew ; an elaborate ap-
pearance ; a falfe pretence.

It has been, from age to age, an afiHalion to
love the pleafurc of folitude, among thole who
cannot pofTibly be fuppofed qualifi'd, for pafling
life in that manner. Sftfialor, N" 264.

Affe'cted. participial adj. [ from affi3.'\
I. Moved; touched with affedtion ; in-
ternally difpofed or inclined.
No marvel then if he were ill affiBtd.

Sbake/f, King Lear,
The model they feemed afftfftd to in their di-
reftory, was not like to any of the foreign re-
formed churches now in the world. Clarendon,

X, Studied with over-much care, or with
hypocritical appearance.

Thefe antick, lifping, affeBed f\\inX3S\ss, thefe
■new tuners of accents. Shakr/p. Rcmeo and Juliet .

5. In a perfonal fenfe, full of affeflation ;

as, an affeSed lady.
Affe'ctedly. adv. [from affeiled.']

1. In an aifefted manner; hypocritically ;
with more appearance than reality.

Perhaps they are affeHedly ignorant ; they arc
fo willing it (hould be true, that they have not at-
tempted to examine it.

Gmernmeitt of the Tongue, § 5.

Some indeed have been fo amBedly vain, as to
jfountetfeit immortality, and have (lolen their
deathf in hopes to be efteemed immortal.

Brcnvn'i Vulgar Errours, h. vii. c. 10.

By talking fo familiarly of one hundred and ten
thoufand pounds, by a tax upon a few commo-
dities, it is plain, you arc either naturally or af-
feOedl) Ignorant of our condition. Sivifi.

2. Studioufly ; with laboured intention.

Some mifperiuafions concerning the divine at-
tributes, tend to "the corrupt nj men's manners,
a» if they were deligned and afftBtdty chofen for
that purpofe. Duay t,f Piety.

Affe'ctedness. n. /. [from affiled.']
The quality of being affefted, or of
making falfe appearances.

AFFE'CTION. «./ [etffeaio,,, Fr. ajec-
tio, Lat.]

1. The ftate of being affedled by any
caufe, or agent. This general fenfe is
little in ufe.

Some men there arc love not a gaping pig j
Some tliat are mad if they behold a cat ;
And others, when the bag-pipe fings i' th'nofe,
Cannot contain their urine, for afftFl'ion.

Shaktff. Mtrthatit of Venice.

2. Paffion of any kind.

Then'gan the Palmer thus; moft wretched mm,
That to affcBient Joes the bridle lend ;

In their beginning they are weak and wan,
But foon through fufferance grow to fearful end.

Fairy Siueen.

Impute it to my late foUtaty life, which is prone

»fft£liinu Sidney, k. i.

A F F

jlfftHicni, at joy, grief, fear, and anger, with
fuch like, being, at it were, the fundry falhions
and forms of appetite, can neither rife at the
conceit of a thing Indifferent, nor yet choofe but
rife at the fight of fome things. Honker, h. i.

To fpeak truth of Ciefar,
I have not known when his affcCJicn: fway'd
More than his reafon. Shakeff. Julius Cafar.

Zeal ought to be compofed of the higheft de-
geees of pious affcftions ; of which fome are mil-
der and gentler, Tome (harper and more vehement.
Sprat^i Sermons.

I can prefent nothing beyond this to your af-
fedions, to excite your love and defirc. Tilhlfin.

3. Love ; kindnefs ; good-will to fome
perfons ; often with to or ttrjjardi be-
fore the perfon.

I have acquainted you
With the dear love I bear to fair Ann Page,
Who mutually hath anfwer'd my affcBion.

Shakcfp. Merry tfives of fVindfor.
My king is tangled* in affeHion to
A creature of the queen's, l.idy Anne BuUen.

Sbakeffeare.
What warmth is there in your affeliiom totiards
any of thefe princely fuitors ?

Sbakefp. Merchant of Vt nice.
Make his intercft depend upon mutual ajffiSion
and good correfpondence with others.

Collier on General Kindnefs.
Nor at firft fight, like moft, admires the fair;
For y< u he lives, and you alone (lull (hare
His laft affcBion, as his early care. Pofe.

4. Good-will to any objeft ; zeal ; paf-
lionate regard.

I have realbn to dlllruft mine own judgment,
as that which may be overborn by my zeal and
affcBion to this caufe. Bacin.

Set your affcBion upon my words ; de(ire them,
and ye (hall be inrtruited. IVijUom, vi. 11.

His integrity to the king was without biemi(h,
and his affefiion to the church fo notorious, that
he never dcferted it. Clarendon.

All the precepts of Chriflianity command us to
moderate our p.idions, to temper our a^eBicnt to-
•wards all things below. Temple.

Let not the mind of a ftudent be under the
influence of warm affeBi''* to things of fenfe,
when he comes to the ft arch of truth.

Walts' s Improvement of the Mind.

5. State of the mind, in general.

There grows.
In my moft iU-compos'd afftfiim, fuch .
A l^anchlcfs avarice, that w'ere I king,
1 (hould cut o(i*the nobles for their lands.

Shahfpeare's Af.uhetb.
The man that hath no mufick in hirafelf.
Nor is not mov'd with concord of fweet founds.
Is At for treafons, ftratagems, and fpoils ;
The motions of his fpirit are dull as night,
And his affeiiicns dark as Erebus :
Let no fuch man be trudcd.

Sbakejp, Mercb, of Venice.

6. Quality ; property.

The certaintyand accuratenefs which is attributed
to what mathematicians deliver, muft be reftrained
to whac they teach,- concerning thofe purely ma-
thematical difciplines, arithmetick and geometry,
where the affeBions of quantity are abftradtedly
confidered. Boyle.

The mouth being neccffary to conduit the voice
to the fliapc of its cavity, necclTarily gives the
voice fome particular affeBion of found in its paf-
fagc before it come to the lips.

Holder's Elements of Speech.

God may have joined immaterial fouls to other
kinds of bodies, and in other laws of union ; and,
from thofe different laws of union, there will
arife quite different affcBions, and natures, and
fpecies of th^: compound beings. Bentlfy's Sermons,

7. State of the'body, as afted upon by any
caufe.

It feemed to me a venereal gonorrheea, and others
thought it arofe from fome fcorbutical affeBion.

fVifextn'i Surgery.

A F F

8. Lively reprefentation in painting.

AffeBion is the lively reprefentment of any paf-
fion whatfocvet, as if the figures (lood not upon *
cloth or board, but as if they were afting upon a
ftage. , , ffctton's ArcbittBure.

9. It is ufcd by Shakefpeare fometime*
for afftBatio't.

There w is rothing in it that could 'indift the
author of eiffeBicn. Stakcfptart.

Affe'ction ATE. adj. [affeaionne, Fr.
from affeilion.'\

1 . Full of auedlion ; ftrongly moved-j
warm ; zc3:lou$.

Ii> Iheif love of God, and defire to pleafe himi
men can never be too affcBicnatc : and it is as
true, that in their hatted of Cn, men may be
fom^t-mcs too p-afiinnatc. Spratt's Sermons*

2. Strongly inclined to; difpofed to;
with the particle to.

As for the parliament, it prefently took (ire,
being cffeB'ionate, of o.U, rt the war of France.

Bacons Henry VII,

3. Fond ; tender.

He found me fitting, beholding this pifiure, I
know not with how afeBiorate countenance, but,
I am fure, with a mcll affcBioiuste mind. Siiny,

Away trey fly
AffcBionate, and undefiring bear
The mod delicious morfel to their young.

Tliomfms Spring.

4. Benevolent ; tender.

When we reflcdl on all this aJfcBionate care of
Providence for our happincfs, with what wonder
muft we obfervc the little effjft it has on men !

R'-gcrs's Sermons,
Affe'ctjon ATELY. adv. [from ajic-
t innate.] In an affeftionate manner ;
fondly ; tenderly ; benevolently.
Affe'ction ateness. rt. /. [from af-
feBionate."] The quality or ftate of be-
ing afFeftionate ; fondnefs ; tendernefs ;
good-will ; benevolence.
Affe'ction ED. adj. [from aJeSlien.]

1 . AfFefted ; conceited. This fenfe is
now obfolete.

An affeBioned afs that cons ftate without book,
and utters it by great fwaths.

Shaktfpejre's Ttvelftb Night,

2. Inclined ; mentally difpofed.

Be kindly affeBioned one to another.

Rom. xii. lo.

Affe'ctiously. ad'v. [from nffeB.} In
an affeSing manner. Dii}.

Affe ctive. adj. [from affcSt.] That
which affefts ; that which ftrongly
touches. It is generally uled for painful.

Pain is fo uneafy a fentiment, that very little
of it is enough to corrupt every enjoyment; and
the effeft Cod intends this variety of ungrjteful
and affeBive fentiments (hould have on us, is to
reclaim our atfcflions from this valley of tears.

Kogtrt,

Affectuo'sity. »./. [from ajfciluous ."l
Paffionatenefs. Diil.

Apfe'ctuous. adj. [from affcil."] Full
of paffion ; as, an affeauous fpecch : a
word little ufed.

To Affe're. -v. a. [ajisr, Fr.] A law
term, fignifying to confirm. See To
A !■■ F E A R .

Affe'rors. n./. [from ajfere."]

Such as are appointed in court-leets, &e. upon
oath, to mulft fuch a< have committed faults ar-
bitrarily puni(hable, and have no exprefs penalty
fet down by ftatute. Ci/ivell,

AFFI'ANCE. n.f. [affiance, from affier,

Fr.]
I. A mwriage-contraft.

A(

A F F

At lift fuch grace I found, and meani I wrought,
Thit 1 that lady to my fpoufe had won.

Accord of friends, confent of parents fought,
j^arce made, my happincfs begyn.

Fairy ^emj i. n.

2. Truft in general; confidence; fecure
reliance.

Tb^ duke Is virtuous, mild, and too well given
To dream on evil, or to work my downfall.—
^Ah ! what's more dangeious than thi» fond

offi.;iice f
Seemi he a dove ? his feathcrj are but borrowed.
Sijkcf/.e.ire'i Hctrry VI.

3. Truft in the divine promifes and pro-
teftion. To this fenfe it is now almoft
confined.

Religion receives man into a covenant of gracp,
where there is pardon reached out to all truly pe-
nitent finners, and afllHancc prooufed, and en-
gaged, and beftowed upon very cafy conditions,
vis. humility, prayer, and afijnce in him.

Uopmond's Fundmrurleh.

There can be no furer way to fucccfs, than by
ffclain-.tng all confidence in ourleJvcs, and refer-
jint; the events of things to God with an implicit
aftjnce, Atterbury^s Serrmnt*

To Affi'ance. "v. a. [from the noun

affiance.'^
1 . To betroth ; to bind any one by pro-

mife to marriage.

To me, fad maid, or rather widow fad,
He was a^anced long time before.

And facred pledges he both gave and had j
Filfcj errant Icaighc, infamous, and forefwore.

Fa'try Sluan,

Her ftiuld Angelohavc married, was a^anced to
her b) oath, and the nuptial appointed ; between
which time of the contra^, and limit of the fo-
lemnity, his brother was wrecked, having in that
veiM the dowry of his lifter.

Shahjfearti Meafurifar Mtajure*

I. To give confidence.

Strjngei- ! wh e'er thou art, fecurely reft
Affjnc'd in my faith, a friendly gued.

Po/te's OJ}Jpy-
ArFl'AKCER. K. /. [from affiance.] He
that makes a contraft of marriage be-
tween two parties. Did.
Affida'tion. l"./. [from affii/o, Lat.
Akfida'ture. J See Affied.] Mutual
coatraft ; mutual oarh of fidelity. Diil.
Affida'vit. »./ [njii/a'vit figni&es, in
the language of the common law, he
mode talh.] A declaration upon oath.

You faid, if 1 return'd next *fize in Lent,
I flioulu be in remitter of your grace ;
In th' interim my letters (hould take place
Of nff.da-vin. D',nne.

Cjunt Rechteren Ih^uM have m.ide ajjiAai-it
that his fervants had been aSronted, and then
Monficur Mcfiia^cr wouid have dsne him juf^icc.
Spiiliiior, N ' 4S I .
Afpi'ed. participial adj. [from the verb
ojy, derived from ajfido, Lat. Brafton
uling the phrafe afidare mulieres.] Join-
ed by coutraii ; affianced.

Be we affuii-, and fuch aHurancc ta'en,
Asrhallwithcithcrpart'*ia^reeni«ntltand. Shaktjp.
A F F I L r a't I o N . n.f. [ from ad and fiUui,
Lat.] Adoption; the aft of taking- a
for.. Chamtcrs.

A'ffinace. n. /, [ttffiaage, I'r.] The
aft of refining metals by the cupel. Dicl.
Af fi'ned. adj. [from affinii, Lat.] Join-
ed by affinity to another ; related to
another.

If p irtially affin'd, or leagu'd in office,
Thou doft deliver more or lefs than truth,
Thou art no foldicr. Sbahfprtri't Oliilh.

A F F

Affi'nitv. «. / [ajiitite. Ft. from a/,
f.nii, Lat.]

1. Relation by marriage; relation con-
trafted by the h'jibaud to the kindred
of the wife, and by the wife to thofe of
the hufband. It is oppofed to conjan-
guinity, or relation by birth.

In this fenfe it has fometiraes the par-
ticle •■with, and fometimes to, before the
perfon to whom the relation is contraftcd.

Tliey had left none alive, by the blindnefs of
rage killing many guiltlefs perfons, cither fir
affir'ity ta the tyrant, or enmity to the tyrant-kil-
lers. Sidney, b. ii.

And Solomon made affinity taith Pharaoh king
of Egypt, and took Pharaoh s daughter.

I Kings, iii. I.

A breach was made with France itfelf, notwith-
ftanding f) (irait an rjiriy, fo lately accomplilhed ;
as if indeed (according to that pleafant maxim of
ftate) kingdoms were never married. fyomn.

2. Relation to ; connexion with ; refera-
blance to : fpoken of things.

The Britifh tongue, or Welfh, was In ufe only
in this iflar.d, having great affinity luitt the old
Callick. Camden.

All things that have affinity toiih the heavens,
move upon the center of another, which they be-
nefit. Bacon, Effiay xxiv.
The art of painting bath wonderful affinity with
that of poetry. Dryd. Dufrcjnoy, jfrtf.
Man is more diftinguilhed by devotion than by
reafon, as feveral brute creatures difcover fome-
thing like reafcn, thou^jh they betray not any
thing ttut bears the Icall affinity tn devotiutu

MJipn, Sfecl. No zoi.
Tc AFFI'RM. V. n. [affirmo, Lat.] To
declare ; to tell confidently : oppofed
to the word deny.

Yet their own authors faithfully affirm.
That the land Salike lies in Germany,
Between the floods of Sala and of Elve.

Sbakejf. Henry V.
To Affi'rm. «y. a,

1 . To declare pofitively ; as, to affrm a
fdft.

2. To ratify or approve a former law, or
judgment : oppofed to rcverfe or repeal.

The houfe of peers hath a power of judicature
in fome cafes, properly to examine, and then to
affirm ; or, if there be caufe, to revcrfc the judg-
ments wliich have been given in the court of king's
bench. Bacm'i Ad-vice 10 Sir G. fi/lien.

In this fenfe we fay, fo affirm the truth.
Afpi'r M ABLE. «i^'. \ixc3m. affirm.] That
which may be affirmed.

Thofe attributes and coucepcrons that were ap-
plicable and offirmabU of him 'vhen prefcnt, arc
now affirmable and applicable to him though pal^.
Haters Origin of Mankind.

Affi'rmance. n.f. [from affirm.] Con-
firmation : oppofed to repeal.

Thio AatutE did but rel'.orc an ancient fta-
tute, which was itfelf alio made but in affirmance
of the common law. Bacnn.

Appi'hmant. n.f. [itom affirm.] The
perfon that affirms ; a declarer. Diil.

Affi rma'tion. n.f. [affirmatio, hat.]

1. The aft of affirming or declaring : op-
pofed to negation or denial.

This gentleman vou*.hes, upon warrant of bloody
affirmation, hik to be more virtuous, and lefs at-
temptable, than any of our ladies.

Sbate/peare't Cymhirme.

2. The pofition afftrmed.

That he ShM receive nu benefit from Chrift, is
the affirmation whereon his dcfpair is founded ; and
one \\ay of removing this difmal apprehenlion, is,
to cgnvinu lum, that Chriil't de«tli, if he per-

A F F

form the condition required, {hall certainly belong
to him. Hammcnd^i Fundametitalu

3. Confirmation : oppofed to repeal.

The learned in the laws of our land obferve,

that out ftatutes fometimes are only itic affirmation,

or ratification, of that which, by common law, was

held before. Hooker.

Affirmative, adj. [fiom ^^rw.]

1, That which affirms, oppofed to uega-
fi've ; in which fenfe we ufe the affirma-
tii'i abfolutely, that is, the affirmati-ve
pofition.

for the affirmative, we are now to anfwer fuch
proofs of theirs as have been before alleged.

Hooter,

Whether there are fuch beings or not, 'ti^ juffi-
cient for my puvpofe, that many have bcl'ev.d
the affirmative. Dryd.n.

2, That which can or may be affirmed : a
fenfe ufed chiefly in fcience.

As in algebra, where a/^rma/ii<« quantities va-
nlflr or ccafe, there negative ones begin; fo in
mechanick?, where attradion ceafes, there a re-
pulfive virtue ought to fucceed. Netut. Opt.

3, Applied to perfons, he who has the
habit of affirming with vehemence ; po-
fitive ; dogmatical.

Be not confident and affirmative in an uncer-
tain matter, but report thmgs modeftly and tem*
peratcly, according to the degree of that perfua-
fion, which is, or ought e> be, begotten by the
efficacy of the authority, or the realon, inducing
thee. Taylor.

AFFi'RMATlvBLy. «</*. [from affirnux'
ti-ve.] In an affirmative manner; on
the poUtive fide ; not negatively.

The reafon of man hath no fuch reftiaints
concluding not only affirmatively, but negatively;
not only affirming, there is no magnitude beyond
the lall heavens, but alfo denying, theie is any
vacuity within them. Brown i Vtilgar Errours.
Affi'rmer. ». /. [from affirm.] The
perfon that affirms.

If by the word virtue, the affirmer intends our
whole duty to God and man ; and the denier, by
the vi-ord virtue, means only courage, or, at
moft, our duty toward our neighbour, without in-
cluding, in the idea of it, the duty which we owe
to God. fVatts't Logitkt

To AvFl'x. -v. a. [affigo,a^xHm,'L^i>.]

1. To unite to the end, or apojieriori; to
fubjoin.

He that has fettled in his mind determined
ideas, with names affixed to them, will be able
to difcern their difTerences one from another.

Lode,

If men conftantly affixed applaufe and difgrace

where they ought, the principle of fliame would

have a very good influtnce on publick conduftj

though on fecret viilinies it lays no rellraint.

Rogtrs't Sermam.

2. To conneft confequentially.

The d"£lrine of irrefiftibility of grace, in work,
ing whatfoever it works, if it be acknowledged,
there is nothing to be affixt to gratitude.

Hammotid'i Fundamentals

3. Simply to fatten or fix. Obfulete.

Her modcli eyes, abafhed to behold
So many gazers as on her do Hare,
Upon the lowly ground affixed arc. Spenfcr.

Affi'x. ?i.f. [affixum, hs-t.] A term of
grammar. Something united to the end
of a word.

In the Hebrew language, the nr.un has its affixi,
to denote the pronouns poiicHive or relative.

C/jrie's Latin Grammar.
Affi'xion, n.f. [from affix.]

1. The aft of affixing.

2. The ftate of being affixed. ^ DiiT.

a AF^•LA'T^o^.

A F F

Afpia'tion. »./. [/7^o, /i^atum, L».t.]
The kEL of breathing upon any thinj;.

Dia.

jtFFLJTrS. r. f. [Lat.] Coromuni
cation oKthe power of prophecy,.

The poet writing ngainrt his genius, will be
nke ■^ projliet withoac his afiatus.

SfcKct nil tbt Oiiffiy.
7'e AFFLI'CT. 1'. a. [afiiao, affliaum,

Lat.]
I . To put to pain ; to grieve ; to tor-
ment.

It tucheth us how God thought fit to pliguc

■ and affi'iti them; it doth not appoint in what

form and manner »• ought to punifli the fin ol

idohtry ir) others. Ihdlcr, h. v. § 17.

O coward conl'ciencc, how doft thou agliil mc !
The lights burn blue — Is it not dead mijiiight ?
Coid tearful drop« tUnd on my trembling fle/h.

Slaktfi,.Bkh.in.

Give nnt over thy mind to heavinefs, and affiiH
not thyfglfin thireown counfel. Ecclus. xxt. zi.

A father aJjUSltd ivith untimely mourning, when
lie hath made an image of his child foon taken
awiy, now honoured him as a God, which was
then a dead man, and delivered to tliofe that were
under him ceremonies and facrifices. ffiftiuit,

A melancholy tear tiJliBs my eye.
And my heart labours with a fudden figh. Prior.
Z. The paffiv e to be nffliaed, has often at
before the caufal noun ; by is likewife
proper.

'I he mother was fo affllStd at the lofs of a fine
boy, who was her only fon, that (he died for grief
of ". ^ Add'Jan, HfcB.

Affli'ctrdness. n. f. \itom affliaed.']
The ftate of affliftion, or of being af-
flided ; forrowfulnefs ; grief.

Afpli'cter. ». /. [from a^;V7.] The
perfon that affliils.

Affli'ction. n.f. [a^iaic, Lzt.]

I . The caufc of pain or forrow ; calamity.

To the flclh, as the apoftle himfdf granteth,

all afflmion it naturally grievous ; therefore na-

^, tiire, which caufeth fear, tcacheth to pray againft

all adverfity. JUokcr, h. v. §.4?.

We'll bring you to one that you have cozened
uf m )ney ; I think to repay that money will be a
V-ing ^fflirtm, SL-Jkcffcare.

2. 'The ftate of forrowfulnefs; mifery :
'oppofed toyoy or prc/perity.

Bjfidci you know,
Profperity's the vei-y bond of love,
Whofe frelh complexion, and whofe heart to-
gether,
jff.l'Jkn altera. Shaieff,. trimn's Tall.

Where fliall we find the man that bears aMk-

t'lOV,

, Great and majeftic in hit grieft, like Cato ?

AdtlifaCi Crf/c.
Some virtues are only fccn in iiffliahr, and fomc
in profperily. Mii}J'M, Sptliaf.r, ti't^y.

Akfm'ctive. a///, [from ajlia.] That
which caufes aihidtion ; painful ; tor-
menting.

Tiiey tiund martyrdom a duty drefled up in-
deed with all that was terrible and ajp.-flive to
huHjan nature, yet not at all the lefs a duty.

Nor con they find
;,/Whe« tJ) rcdre thcmfclves,'or where appeafe • '.
I 2! 'V^"''^' J'-'^" c.irc of food, expos J

To windj, and ftorms, and jaws of fava^e death.

I'tilijti.
Reftlefs Ptoferpine —
—On the fpacious land and liquid main
Spreads (low difeafc, and darts aJllU'mi pain.

Prior,

A'rrLWENCE. ,,. /. [aj^mtce, Fr. nfflu-
*«//«, Lat. J

A F F

1. The aft of flowing to any place; con-
courfe. It is almoft always ufed figu
ratitTly.

I (hall not relate the affvenic of young nobles
from hence into Spain, after the voice of our
pri^tc being therr liaJ been nnlfcd. H^otrcr.

2. Exuberance of riches; ftream of wealth ;
plenty.

Thofe degrees of fortune, whlch~give fuUief!
and afflutncc to one ftation, may be want and pe-
nury in another. Rcgcrt.

Lit joy or eafe, let affucree or content.
And the gay confcicnce of a life well fpcnt,
Calm ev'ry thought, infpirit ev'rj' grace. Poft.

A'ffluency. n.f. The fame with /t/"-
Jiueiice,

A'FFLUENT. adj. l^-ffiutnt. Fr. affluent,
Lat.]

1 . Flowing to any part.

Thefe parts are no more than fnundition-piles
of the enfiiing body; which are afterwards to be
increafcd and raifed to a greater bulk, by the
a^K.w blood that is tranfmitted out of the mother's
°^^'^. }!aney on dnfimftiOK!.

2, Abundant ; exuberant ; wealthy.

I fee thee, Lord and end of my defire.
Loaded and bleft with all the ajftuenl ilore,
Which human vows at fmoking (hrines implore.

Prior.

A'ffluentness. n.f. [from affluent.]
The quality of being affluent. Dia.

A'fflux. ti.f. [affiuxus, Lat.]

1 . Tlie aft of flowing to fome place ; af-
fluence.

2. That which flows to another place.

1 he caufe hereof cannot be a fupply by pro-
creations; crgt, it muft.be by new affiuxa to
London out of the country. "* Craunl.

The infant grows bigger out of the womb, b\
agglutinating one affiux of blood ^o.anotl)er.

Harviy en Cvi:fumftwtii.

An animal that muft lie Hill, receives the afflux
of colder or warmer, clean or foul \yater, as it hap-
pens to come to it. Locke.-

Afflu'xion. n.f. [affluxioyhax,]

1. The aft of flowing to a particular
place.

2. That which flows from one place to
another.

An inflammation either fimple, confifting of

an ho: and fanguincous affluxiou, or elfc denomi-

nablc from other humours, according unto the

prcdomiaaocy of melancholy, phlegm, or choler.

Bro^vn^i l^ulgar Errouri.

To Affo'rd. V, a. [ajourrer, alfourra-
ger, Fr.]

1. To yield or produce ; as, the fill af-
fords grain ; the trees afford fruits. This

feems to be the primitive fignification.

2. To grant, or confer any thing; gene-
rally in a good fenfe, and fometimes in
a bad, but lefs properly.

So foon as Maurmon there .irriv'd, the door
To him did open, and afforJ/J way. Fairy Sluetn.
This is the coiifolatiun of all good men, unto
whom his ubiquity a^r,/./i. continual comfirtand
fecurity ; and this is the alHiai.m of hell, to wham
it affiide'.h dcfpair and rtmcdilefs calamity.

ISrcivrl'i Vuhor Err6urs.

3. To be able to fell. It is uled always
with reference to fome certain price ; as,
/ can afford this for lefs than the other.

They lisl their magazines in times of the grcareft
plenty, that li> they may nj^ri/ cheaper, nnd in-
Cfcafe the public revenue at a fmall exp-nce of its
■n^^'^'n'w'"!- MJifon m Italy.

4. To be able to bear expences ; as, tra-

A F F

ders can effird more fncry in peaee than
ivar.

The f.ime errours run through ill families,
where there is wealth enough to afford that their
fons may be good for twthing.

S'U'ift ^n Motiirr Education.
To AFFO'REST. i/. a. [affcrcftare, Lat.]
To turn ground into forcft.

It appcareth, by Chana dt Forrfta, that he
affirtjird many woods and waftes, to the grievance
of the fubjeft, which by that law were difaffo.
retted. S,r Jihn D:smcs 'n Irtlaxi.

Afforesta'tiok. n. f. [from afforeft.']

The charter de Forcjlj was to rcf jj m the en-
croachments made in the time of RUbard I. and
Henry II. who had made new ojftrejlar'ient, and
much extended the rigour of the foreft laws.

Halt's C'.mvar. Law of England.
To Affra'kchise. i/.«. {affrancbertYx.]

To make free.
To AFFRA'Y. -v. a. [effrayer, or effriger,
Fr. which Menage derives from /V<7f cr ;
perhaps it comes . from frigus.] To
fright ; to terrify ; to ftrike with fear.
This word is not now in ufe.

The fame to wight he never would difclofe.
But when as mongers huge he would difmay.

Or daunt unequal armies of his foes,
Or when the flying heavens he woiAd affray.

Fairy Shtecn.

AFFRA'Y,or ApFRA'yMEfTT. n.f [from
the verb.]

1. A tumultuous aflault of one or more
perfons upon others ; a law term. A
battle : in this fenfe it is written //-ay.

2. Tumult; confufion : out of ufe.

Let the night be calm and quietf >me.
Without tempcftuaus ftorms or la J affray. Sp!nfer.

Afpri'ction'. n.f. [affriaio, Lat.] The
aft of rubbing one thing upon another.

I have divers times obferved, in wearing filver-
hilted fwords, that, if they rubbed upon ray
cloaths, if they were of a light-coloured cloth,
the affriliiun would quickly blacken them ; and,
congruouily hereunto, I have found pens blacked
almoft all over, when I had a while carried them
about me in a filver cafe. £y/«.

To Affri'ght. "o. a. [See Fright.]

1. To afi^eft with fear ; to terrify. It gene-
rally implies a fudden impreffion of fear.

Thy name affrights me, in whofe found is death.
Sbakefprnre's henry VI,
Godlike his courage feem'd, whom nor delight
Could foften, nor the face oi Am'n affright. Waller.

He, when his country (threaten'd with alarm]
Requires his courage and his conq'ring arm.
Shall, more tlian once, the Punic bands affri/^bt.
Dry/Un'i j^neid.

2. It is ufed in the paflive, fometimes with
at before the thing feared.

Thou ftialt not be affrigkud at them : for thf
Lord thy God is among you. Drut.vVi. ai.

3. Sometimes with the particle iv/VA be-
fore the thing feared.

As one affrigbt
With hetlilh fiends, or furies mad uproar.
He then uprofc. Fairy Slueai, h. ii. car.t. 5.

Afpri'cht. n.f. [from, the verb.}
I. Terrour; fear. This word is chiefly
poetical.

As the moon, doathed With cloudy night, '
Does (liew to him that walks ia fear and fad
affright. Fairy S^uten,

Wide was his parifh, not contraflcd clofe
In ftieets, but here and there a draggling houfe ;
Yet ftill he was at hand, without rcqtieft.
To ferye the fick, to fuccour the diftrefs'd ;
Tempting, on /oot, alone, without affright.
The dangcri of a dirk tcmpeftuous mght.

Dryden's Faifeu

2. The

A F F

A F L

A F O

e. The caufe of fear; a terrible objedl;
dreadful appearance.

1 fee the gods
Ufbra-d our fuff'rings, and woulj humble them.
By fending thcfe afrighti^ while we are here,
That we might laugh at their ridiculous fear,

B. Jorf. Catilhi.

The «-ir at hand appeal with more affright.

And rifes cv'ry moment to the fight. Dryd. AEntiJ.

Affri'ghtfui,. ai/J. [from afrigbt.]

Full of aft'right or terrour ; terrible ;

dreadful.

There is an ahfence of all that is dcrtrufllTe or
effrigirful to humia nature. D^caycf Pictv,

Affri'chtment. n.f. [irom aj'fight .^
t. The impreflion of fear; terrour.

Slie awaked with the effrighiment of a dreama

Paflionate words or blows from the tutor, fill

the child's mind with terrour ar.d uffrigbiirint ;

which immediately takes it wholly up, np.d leaves

no room for other impreflion. Locke.

2. The ftnte of fearful nefs.

Whether thofe that, under any an^uifli of
mind, return to affngbtmir.is or doubtings, have
not been hypcrites. Eantimr.d.

To AFFRO'NT. v. a. [affronter, Fr. that
is, ad front em Jlare ; ad frontem contu-
tiuJiam allidcre, to infult a man to his
face.]
i. To meet face to face ; to encounter.

■ This feems the genuine and original
fcnfe of the word, which was formerly
indifferent to good or ill.

We haic clofcly fent for Hamlet hither.
That he, as *twerc by accident, may here
Affr^M Ophelia, Skahfpeare't Hamlit.

The feditioui, the next day, offrintid the king's
forces at the cntiaice of a highway ; wliom when
tliL*y found both ready and rcfolute to fight, they
dL-fir'^d ent;rparlance. Sir Jr,tn Hayivard,

2. To meet, in an boftile manner, front
to front.

His holy rites and folemn feails profan'd,
And with their darknefs durft affnr.t his light.

Paradijt L;]i.

3, To offer an open infult; to offend
avowedly. With refpecl to this fenfe,
it is obicrved by Cervantes, that, if a
m.m ftrikes another on the back, and
then runs away, the perfon fo llruck is
\v.]\McA,\)W\. nor. affrDitled ; a.n affrcnt dX-
ways implying a juftificationofthe aft.

Did nijt this latjl war affrort thy coaft .'
Yet fjtteil ih.ou an idle looker-on. Fairfax, i. 51.

But harm precedes not fin, only our foe.
Tempting. a^iCTtti us with his fool cfteem
Of our integrity. Mi,'l'/n'i Paradift L'_H, b. ix.

I would learn the canfe, why I'orrifmond,
Wi;hln my palace walls, within my hearing,
Almoft within my fight, affrtni) a prince,
Wt.o fbortly Oiail command him.

• Drydtn'i Uparijh Friar.

This brings to mind Faultina's fondnel's for thi-
gh liator, and is interpreted as f;rire. But how
can one imagine, that the Fathers would have dared
t'l affr:r.t the wife of Autelius ? Addijon.

Afpro'nt. n.f. [from the ■^txh affront .'\

1. Open oppofition ; encounter: a fcnfe
not frequent, though regularly deduci-

■ ble from the derivation.

Frarlcfj of danger, like a petty god
I walk'd ab'jul admir'd of all, and dreaded
0.1 boftilc ground, none daring my affront,

Samfon A^'^fijlri,

2. Infult offered to the face ; contemptu-
0U5 or rude treatment-; contumely.

He wiiuld of'rn maiulaiu I'lao'.ianus, in dnlr. ;
»ffri,r.li to hi» fun. Baeon'x EJjayi.

YouVedone enough; foryoudefign'd my chains:
The grace is vanifii'd, but th' affront remains.

Drydof s Aitrengx.i:ht.

He that is found reafonabic in one tiling, is con-
cluded to be fo in all j and to think or fay otherwif?,
is thought fo unjurt an affrcr.t, and fo fcnfelefs a
cenfurc, that nobody ventures to do it. Locke.

There is nothing which we receive with fo much
rcluft.mce as advice : we look iipon the man who
gives it us, as offering an a/?/-';^? to our uiiderftand.
ing, and treating us like children or idiots.

Addifon'! SfcStator, N" 512.

3. Outrage ; aft of contempt, in a more
general fenfe.

Oft have they violated
The temple, oft the law with foul affrnnn.
Abominations rather, Mdr-n^s Par.Tdife Regained,

4, Difgrace ; (hame. This fenfe is rather
peculiar to the Scotti.1i dialeft.

Antonius attacked the pirates of Crete, and, bv
his too great prcfumptinn, was defeated"; upon the
fenfe of which affmni he died with grief.

Ariutbr.ol 01: Coins.

Affro'nter. ».yi [{torn affro/it.] The
perfon that affronts.

At f no' XT t KG. participial aJJ. [from «/"-
_/0-o»/.] That which has the quality of
affronting ; contumelious.

Among words which fignify the fame principal
ideas, fome are clean and decent, others unclean ;
fome arc kind, others are a/froiitit:g and reproach-
ful, becaufe of the fccondary idea which cuttom
has affixed to them. lyal'i's Logici.

To AFFLTSE. -v. a. \affundo, aff'ufum,
Lat,] To pour one thing upon another.

I poured acid liquors, to try if they cont^iined
any volatile fait or fpirit, which would probably
have difcovered itfelf, by making an ebullition
with the affujcd liquor. Boyle.

Affu'sion. n.f. [affiijio, Lat.] The aft
of pouring one thing upon another.

Upon the affujion of a tincture of galls, it im-
mediately became as black as ink, Grciv^i Muj'awr,.
To AFFY'. -v. a. [nfficr, Fr, affidare mu-
lierem, Brafton,] To betroth in order
to marriage,

Wed-lcd be thou to the hags of hcli.
For daring toa^ a mighty lord
Unto the daughter of a wurthlefs king.

Shahefpearc^i Henry VI.

To AfFy'. t. n. To put confidence in;
to put trull in ; to confide. Not in ufe.

Marcus A«- Ironicus, fo I do affy
In thy upri^iUtnefs and integrity.
That I will here difmifs my loving friends.

Sbakefp. Titus Andr.

Api'eld. adnj. [from a T^nii field. See
Field.] To the field.

We drove afield, and bith togi^ther heard
What time the grey fiy winds her fultry horn,
Batt'nirg our flocks with the frelh dews of night,

M.iios.
Afield I went, amid the morning dew.
To milk my kine, for fo fiiould houfcwives do.

Cjy.
Apla't, ad'v. [from a and flat. See
Flat.] Level with the ground.

When you would have many nev/ roots of fruk-
trees, take a low tre-, and bow it, and lay all W>
branches afiat upon the ground, and cart crfrth
upon them ; and every twig will take root.

Baton'' I Natural WJliry.

Ai'Lo'at. etdv. [from a and float. See

Float.] Floating; born up in the

water ; not finking : in a rigurauvc

fenfe, within view ; in motion.

There h a tid" ir, the alTain of men,
Which taken at the flood, Inds on to fortune ;
Omitted, all the voyage of their life
is bound in IhatlDwi* and in miferies.
On fuch a full fca are wc sow ajitj: ;

And we muft take the current when it fetvei.
Or lofe our venturer. Shakrjfenre's 'Jiditii C^efjr.

Take any paflion of tire foul of man, while it is
predominant and afiiat, and, jiift in tlie critical
height of it, nick it <vith fome lucky or unlucky
■ word, and you may as certai;:!y over-rule it ta
your own purpofe, as a fpark of fire, filling upon
gunpowder, will infallibly blow it up. Scmh,

There arc generally fcvcral hundred loads of tim-
ber afloat, fcr tiicy cut above f.venty-.nve leagur>>
up the river ; and other rivers bring in their con-
tributloi 3. Adi'i/cn'i July.

Afo'ot. adv.. [from a and foot.]

1. On foot ; not on horfehack. <

He tliought it bell to rttiun, tor that day, t> a
vilLig': not far off; and difpa:ching his horfc (n
fome fort, the next day early, to come afcr.f thi-
ther. _ ShaL:fl>eait.

2. Ill aftion ; as, a deftgn is afoot.

I pr'ylhec, when thou fecit that aft a/lot, .
Ev'n with the very comment of tiiy foul
Ob.erve mine uncle. isbakeffcare.

3. In mction.

Of Albany's and Cornwall's pow'rs you hearti
not^
'Tis faid tiiey are .if>,ct. Sbaiefpeare'i King Lear.

.^fc'r E. /re/, [from a and/ir^. See Bs;-

FORE.]

1. Not bcLind ; as, he held the fiiicli
efor^ : not in ufe.

2. Before ; nearer in place to any tJiino-;
as, he Hood nTore hiin.

3. Sooner in time.

If jour diligence be not fpeedy, I fhall be there
afore you. Hhakcjpeare s Kit:g Lear.

Afo're. adv.

1. In time foregone or pad.

Whofoever fti>ulJ make light of any thing afore
fpoken or written, out of his own houfe a tree
ihould be taken, and he thereon be hanged.

Efdras, vi. 22.

If he never drank wine afcre, it will go near to
remove his fit. Hbakcjfearc'i Taitjc^.

2. Firft in the way,

Emilia, run you to the citadel.
And tell my lord and lady what hath hap'd ;
Will you go on afore? Sbakj'feare'i OtbelU.

3. In front ; in the fore-part.

Approaching nigh, he reared hijh afore
His body monltrous, horrible, and vaft. Fairy 9.

Afo'regoinc, participial adj. [from afore
andje/'/f.] Going before.

Apo'reh AND.oa'f. [from afore znd band.']

1. By a previous provifion.

Many "f the paiticular fubjcds of difcnuife are
occafional, and fuch as cannot tforeband be re-
duced to any certain account.

Gcvernment of tbe ToMgm.

2. Provided; prepared; previoufly fitted.

Kor'ic will be faid, that in the former times,
whereof we have Ipiken, Spain was not lo raigh.7
as now it is ; and England, on the other fide, was
tnoie afrehatid In ali matters t»f power.

Baton'i Confidnatirni on ff,H- wifi Sfaiii,
Afo'rementioned. adj. [from afore
and acnticned.] Mcntio.aed before.

Among the nine other parts, five are n.jt in ■
condition to give alms or lelicf to thofe aforemen-
tioned i being very near reduced thcmfelves to the
fame mifctable condiS-jn. Addill!,

Ak ©'renamed, adj. [from afore and
named.] Named before.

Imitate fomcihng of ciicular form, in which,
as in all other aforenamed proportioos, jou fhall
help youuclf by the aiaiiwar.

feaebam en Drataittjr.
Ato'rimaid. adj. [from afore ^ad faid.]
bald before.

It need not po for repetition, if we refume agnin
that which we iVld in the aforrjid cxcerimeiit.

Ctcaifi lleiurai ifiijicrf, N" 7^ i .

G 3 Afo're-

AFT

Afo'kbtimi. adv. [from afortiXiA timi.'\
In time paiL

O thou that art waxen old !n victEcdncfs, now
thy fins which thou had committed afom'.vu itc
come to light. .Sujr.ni:.:.

.\fv.\'it>. pkrti.lpial a/ij. [from the verb
affray : It fnould therefore properly be
written with_^".]

1. Struck with fear ; terrified; fearful.

To perfcrute fhem with thy trmpcft, and make
them a/Vfl/V with thy ftorm. PJ'alm ixxxWi. 15.

2. It has the particle e/ before the objedl
of fear.

There, loathing life, and yet cf death efraiJ,
In anguilh of her fpirit, thus Hie pray'd,

Drydtn's FabUu
If, while this wearied flelhdraws fleeting breath,
Not fatisfy'd with lite, afraid of death.
It haf 'ly be thy will, that I ihould know
Glimpfe of delight, or paufe from anxio-js woe j
From now, fiom inftant now, great Sire, dil'pil
The clouds that prcl's my foul. t'rior.

Apre'sh. adv. [from a AaA frejh. See
Fresh.] Anew; again, after inter-
million.

The Germans ferving upon great horfes, and
charged wijh heavy armour, received jrcat hurt b)
light Ikirmifliesj the Turks, with their light
horfes, ealiiy Oiunning their charge, and again,
»t their p'eafure, charging them afrtjb, when
they faw the heavy horfes almofl weary.

Kmlltl's Hifiory cf the Turks.
When once we have attained thcfe ideas, they
may be excited afrijhby the ufe of words.

tyatts'i Logkk.
Afro'nt. cdv. [from a andyrew?.] In
front ; in direfl oppofitlon to the face.

Thcfe four came all afront^ and mainly thruil at
me. Shakefpeare^s Henry IV. p. i.

A'FTER./r(r/. [xprep. Sax.]

1. Following in place, j^/ur is com-
monly applied to words of motion ; as,
he came a/ter, and flood behind him.
It is oppofed to before.

What lays Lord Warwick, (hall we after them ?—
^»Afttr them ! nay, hefcre them, if we can.

iStaifjxare'i Henry VI.

2. In purfuit of.

•//; r whom is the Icing of Ifrael come out?
After whom doft thou putfue i After a dead dog,
after aflea. i Sam. xxiv. 14.

3. Behind. This is not a common ufe.

Sometimes I placed a third prifm after a fecond,
and fomctimes alfo a fourth after a third, by al,
which the image might be often refraflcd fidc-
*ays. Neivtcn'sOjiiicki,

4. Poilerior in time.

Good after ill, and after pain delight ;
Alternate, like the fccnes of day and night.

Dry Jen' I Fahlet.

We (hall examine the ways of conveyance of the
fovereignty of Adam to princes that were to rcijn
after him. Locke.

5. According to.

He that thinketh Spain our over-match, is no
good mint-man, but takes grcatnefs of kingdoms
according to bulk and currency, and not after thci;
intrinfic value. Bacon.

6. In imitation of.

There a c, among the old Roman ftatucs, fevc-
ral of Venus, in different poftures and habits; as
there are many particular figures of her made after
the fame dilign. Mdijaris Italy.

Thiiallufion is after the oriental m.i ;ier : thui
in the Pfatms, how frequently are [).i:uns com-
pared to cedars. Fofe't Oayfj'eyy notei.

A'fteb. ad-v.

I. In fjcceeding time. It is ufed of time

mentioned as fucceeding fome other.

Sk> we cannot fay, I fliall be happy af- [

AFT

tir, but htreafter ; but we fay, I was
firft made miferablc by the lols, but
was after happier.

Far be it from me, ti juftify the cruelties which
were at lirft ufed towards tbein, which bad their
reward foon after. Bacon.

Thofe who, from the pit of hell
Roaming to feck tlieir prey on earth, durft fix
Their feats long after next the feat of God.

Faradife Ufl.

2. Following another.

Let go thy hold, when a great wheel runs down
a hill, le;l it break thy neck with following it ; but
the great one that goes upward, let him draw thee
after, Sbakeffieare't King Lear,

After is compounded with many words,
but almoft always in its genuine and
primitive fignification ; lome, which
occurred, will follow, by which others
may be explained.

A'fter acceptation. »./. [from a/itr
and acceptation.] A fenfe afterwards,
not at lirll admitted.

*Tis true, fonic dolors in a fcantier fpace,
I mean, in each apart, contrail the place :
Some, who to greater length extend the line.
The church's after accefiation ]o\n,

Vryden'i Hind ami Panther,
A'fteraces. »./ [Uom after and ages.]
Succeffive times ; pofterity. Of this
word I have found no lingular ; but fee
not why it might not be faid. This 'will
be done in fome afterage.

Noc the whole land, which the ChuGtes 0iould
or might, in future time, conquer ; feeing, in
afierages, they became lords of many nations.

Raleigh'! Hijtory of the IVorld,
Nor to philofophcrs is praife deny'd,
Whofe wife inftruftions afterages guide.

Sir y. Denham.

What an opinion will afterages entertain nf their

religion, who bid fair for a gibbet, to bring in a

fupcrftition, which their forefathers perilhcd in

flames to keep out. Addifon,

A'fter all. When all has been taken
into the view ; when there remains no-
thing more to be added ; at laft ; in
fine ; in conclufion ; upon the whole ;
at the mod.

They have given no good proof in aflerting this
extravagant principle ; for which, after at:, they
have no ground or colour, but a p:*fage cr two of
fcripture, mifcrably perverted, in oppofition to
many exprefs texts. Alterhury's Sermom,

But, after all, if they have any merit, it is to
be attributed to fome good old authors, whofe
works I ftudy. Fcfe on Fafi^val Fcetry.

A'fter BIRTH. ». / [from afler and
birth.] The membrane in which the
birth was involved, which is brought
away after ; the fecundine.

The exorbitances or degenerations, whether from
a hurt in labour, or from part of the after-butb
left behind, produce fuch vlr- lent diftempers of
the blood, as make It call out a t imour.

}r:i.mani Surgery,

A'fterclap. v.f. [from «//<T and <■/<./.]
Unexpedled events happening after an
affair is fuppofcd to be at an end.

For tlie nex t morrow's mead they clofely went.
For fear of afterclafs to prevent.

Spinf. Huh. rale.

It is commonly taken in an ill fcnfc.
A'ftercost. ». f. [from after and cofi.]
The latter charges ; the expence in-
curred after the original plan is exe-
cuted.

You mud take care to carry off the land- floods
and ftreams, Ijcforeyou attempt Uiaining ; left your

I

AFT

^ttreojt and labour prove unfticceftfol.

Mortimer i Hufhandry,
A'ftercrop. n.f. [from after and rr-5/.]
The fecond crop or harvell of the fame
year.

Aftercrops I think neither good for the land, nor
yet the hay good fur the cattle.

Afortimer'i Hujbondry,

A'PTER-DINNER. n.f. [from after and

dinner,] The hour paffing ju.'t after

dinner, which is generally allowed to

indulgence and amufement.

Thou haft nor youth nor age.
But, as it were, an afier-dimer's deep,
Dreaming on both. Shakefp,MeaJureforMeafart,

A'fter-endeavour. n.f. [from after
a.nd endeavour.] Endeavours made after
the firft effort or endeavour.

There is no reafon why the found of a pipe
Ih^yld leave traces in their brains, which, not firft,
but by their after-endeavours, ihould produce the
like founds. Locke.

A'fter-enquiry. n.f, [from after a.nd
enquiry.] Enquiry made after the fati
committed, or after life.

You muft either be directed by fome that take
upon them to know, or take upon yourfelf that,
which, I am fure, you do not know, or lump the
after-enquiry on your peril. Shakrfp. Cymheline.

Tij A'p T E R E Y E . f. a. [from afier and eye.^
To keep one in view ; to follow in view.
This is not in ufe.

Thou (houldft have made him
As little as a crow, or lefs, ere left
To aftereye him. Shakejpeare' s Cymtelint^

A'fte R GAME. n,f. [from after andgame.J
The fcheme which may be laid, or the
expedients which are pradifed after the
original defign has mifcarried ; methods
taken after the firft turn of affairs.

This earl, like certain vegetables, did bud and
open flowly ; nature fometimes delighting tx) play
an aftergame, as well as fortune, which had both
their turns and tides in courfe. tVotton.

The fables of the axe-handle and the wedge,
ferve to precaution us not to put ourfelvcs need-
lefsly upon an aftergame, but to weigh beforehand
what we fay and do. L'EJirange's Fables,

Our firft defign, my friend, has prov'd abortive ;
Still there remains an aftergame to play.

Addifon" s Cato,

.Vfterhours. n, f, [from afier and"
hour.'.] The hours that fucceed.

So fmile the heav'ns upon this holy aO,
Thzt afterlfours with forrow chide us not.

Siakefpeare's Romeo andyuliet,

A'fter-liver. n. f, [from after and
li-ve.] He that lives in fucceeding times.

By thee my promife font
Unto myfelf, let after-livers know. Sidney, b. ii.

A'fterlOve. n.f. [from /T/Jtv and love.l
The fecond or later love.

Intended, or committed, was this fault i
If but tlie firft, how heinous e'er it be.
To win thy after-love, I pardon thee.

Shakrfpeare's Richard II;

A'fter MATH. n.f. [from after s.nd math,
from moiu.] The latter math ; the fe-
cond crop of grafs, mown in autumn.
See Aftercrop.

A'fternoon. n.f. [from afier and noon.]
The time from the meridian to the even-
ing.

A beauty-waining and diftreffed widow,
Ev'n in the afternoon of her beft days,
Made prize and porchafe of his wanton eye.

Sbikefpeare's Richard III.
However,

AFT

Howtvtr, keep the Ih-ely tafte you ho'.S
Oi God i and lo\s him now, but fear him more 5

And, in your afttmocm, tliink what you told
And proaiis'd him at morning -prayer bcfwc.

Dcnm.
S-ach, all the morning, to the pleadings run ;
But, when the bus'nefs of tW- day is done.
On dice, and drink, and drabs, they fpend the af-
tertt^^n. Oryden^sP£rJius,Snt,\.

A'fterpains. n.f. [fiom^/^r and/a/».]
The pains after birth, by which women
are delivered of the iecundine.

A'fterpart. »./. [from nfter and fart."]
The latter part.

The flexibletcfs of the former part of a man's
age, not yet grown up to be headftrorg, makes it
more governable and fafc j and. In the afterparty
reafon and forefight begin a little to take place,
and mind a man of his fafety and improvement.

L'.:ir.

A'fter.proof. ». /. [from aflcr and
proof.]

1. Evidence pofterior to the thing in
qaeftion.

2. Qualities known by fubfequent expe-
rience.

All know, that he likewlfc at firft was much
under the expeftation of his ajrcrproof-^ Tuch a
folar infl.cnce there is in the folar afpefl. Jfo/.cn.
A'ftertaste. n.f. [from after zad tajld .]
A taile remaining upon the tongue after
the draught, which was not perceived
in the aft of drinking.
A'fterthought. a.f. [from after and
thought A Refledions after the adl ; ex-
pedients formed too late. It is not pro-
perly to be ufed fw fecondtbcught ,
£xpence, and afurtbougbt ^ and idle care.
And doubts of motley hue, and dark defpair ;
S-^fpicions, and fantaflical furmifc,
Aad jealoufy fuffusM with jaundice in her eyes,
Difcol luring all fhe view'd, in tawny drcfs'd,
Downlook'd, and with a cockow on her fill.

Vrydini Fabln.

A'fter-times. n.f. [from after and
ti>ru.'\ Succeeding times. See After-
aces.

you promis'd once, a progeny divine
Of Romans, ilfing from the Trojan line.
In uftertimti Ihould hold the world in awe,
. And Co the land and ocean give the law.

DryJen'i Virg'il.

A'ftertossinc. ». f. [from after and
tofs.'\ The motion of the fea after a
liorm.

Confusions and tumults are only the impotent
remains of an unnatural icbellion, and are no more
than the aftirio^iiigt of a tea when the ftorm is
. laid. AdJijoift Frtchildu!.

A'fterward. adv. [from after aifd
p<3pb. Sax.] In fucceeding time : fome-
times wriiten eftertuards, but lefs pro-
perly.

Ufcs not thought upon before, may afterivard
fpring up, and be leafcnab.'e caufes of retaining
that, which former confi^ierations did formerly
procure to be inllitutrd. H'^ohr.

An aniious diftruft of the divine goodn^fs,
makes a man more anti more unworthy of it j and
miTerable beforehand, for fear of being fo afur-
noard. ' L^EJirange,

A'fterwit. n.f. [from after and tvit.']
The c iiitrivance of expedients after the
occafion of ufing them is part. Sec
Afterthought.

There i> r^i recalling what's gone and pa!t ; fo

that i-.fttrviit comes too late, when the mifrHcf is

done. L'tjtrMi,!.

A'K-f er-wrath. H.f. [from after and

A G A

. 'vurath.'] Anger when the provocation
feems paft.

I hear him mock
The luck of Caefar, which the gods give men
T' excufc their after-ivrath.

Shaktfp. Anttmj and Clecfatra.

jfGJ. n.f. The title of a Turkilh mili-
tary officer.
Aga'in. adv. [agen. Sax.]

1. A iecond time ; once more ; marking
the repetition of the fame thing.

Tlii poor remnant of human feed, which re-
mained in their mountains, peopled their country
again ilowly, by little and little.

Baccn's New yf/nlantis.

Should Nature's felf invade the world again.
And o'er the centre fpread the liquid main,
Thy pow'r were fafe. ffalUr.

Go now, deluded man, and feek again
New toils, new dangers, on the duffy plain.

Dryd. j^tield.

Some are already retired into foreign countries ;
and the reft,, who polTefs lands, are determined
never to hazard them ag^in, for the fake o( eftab-
liiVmg their fuperilition. Sivift.

2. On the other hand ; marking fome op-
pofition or contrariety.

il'^ wit increafed upon the occafion; and fo
much the more, if the occafion were fharpaned
with danger, jigain. whether it were the fhoitnefs
of his forefi^ht, or the ftrength of his will, certain
it is, thit the peipetual Lruble of his fortunes
could not have been without defeds in his nature.

Bacon.

Thofe things that we know not what to do
withal, if we had tliiim, -nd thofe things, again,
which another cannot part with, but to his own
lol's and (hame. L'EJirangc's Fables.

3. On another part ; marking a tranfition
to fome new confideration.

Behold yon mountain's hoarv height.
Made higher with new mounts 'f fnow ;

j^gain, behold the winter's weight
Opprcfs the lab'ring woods below. Dryden.

4. In return, noting re-aftion, or recipro-
cal a£Uon ; as. His fortune worked up-
on his nature, and his nature again upon
his fortune.

5. Back ; in reditu tion.

When your head did but ake,
I knit my handkerchief about your bro.vs ;
The belt 1 had, a princefs wrought it me.
And I did never alk it yon again.

Sbakfjp. Kiig yobn.

6. la return for any thing ; in recom-
pence.

That he hath given will he pay again,

Prov. xir. 47.

7. In order of rank or' fucceJlion ; mark-
ing diftribution.

Queftion was afkeJ of Demofthene-, Whit v.as
the ciiief part of an grator ? He anfwercd, Adtion.
What next? Aftion. What next a^ain ? Aflion.

Bacmi Fffiy:.

The caufe of the holding green, is the clofe .uid
compaS fubftance of their leaves, and the pedicles
of them : and the cauie of that again is either
the cough and vifcous juice of the plant, '.r the
ftrength and h«ac thereof. Bacon' i Natural Hifl.

8. Befides ; in any other time or place.

Tlicy have the Walloor.s, who are tall foldicrs ,
yet tb.Tt is but a, fpot of ground. But, on the
other fide, there is not in the world again fuch a
fpring and feminaiy of brave military peopl, as
in England, Scotland, and Itelajid. BacoH,

9. Twice as much ; marking the fame
quantity once repeated.

There are whom heav'n has bleft with ftore of
wit.
Yet want as much again to manage it ;

A G A

For wit and judgment ever are at rtrife,
Tho" meant each other's aid, like man and wife.

I (hould not be forry to fee a chorus on a theaue,
more than as large and as deep again as ours, built
and adorned at a king's charges.

Dryden' i Dufrefnoy,

10. Again and again ; with frequent repci-
tition ; often.

This is not to be obtained by one or two hafty
readings: it mud be repeated again and again,
with a dofe attention to the tenour of the dif-
courfe. Locke..

11. Pn oppofition j by way of refiftance.

Who art thou that anfwerelt .^ J'" ?

Rom, ix. lo.

\z. Back; as, returning from fome mef-
fagCi

Bring us word again wh'rch way we fiiall go.

Deut. i. 72.

Aca'iust. prep, [aenjeon, onjconb. Sax.]

1. In oppofition to any perfon.

And he will be a wild man , his hand will be
againjl every man, anii. every man's hand againjl
him. Cfa. xvi. lit.

2. Contrary ; oppofite, in general.

That authority of men fhould prevail with men'
either againji or above reafon, is no part of our be-
lief. Hooker,

He is melancholy without caufe, and merry
againji the hair. Sbaieffeare'i Troilus and Crejidi,

We might work any effeft without and againji
matter; and this not holpen by the co-operation
of angels or fpirits, but only by the unity and har '
mony of nature. Bacon's Namral Hijicry.

The preventing goodnefs of God docs even wreft
him from himfelf, and fave him, as it were^
againji his will. Soutb,

The god, uneafy till he (Icpt again,
Refolv'd, at once, to rid himfelf of pain;.
And, tho' againji his cuftom, call'd aloud. Dryden,.

Men often fay a thing is againji their confcience,
when really it is not. S-wift'i Mijcellanies.

3. In contradiftion to any opinion.

After all that can be laid agai:Ji a thing, this.
v\-ill ftill he true, that many things polfibly are,,
which we know not of; and tliat many more thinge
may be than are : and if fo, after all our argu-
ments againji a thing, it will be uncertain whether
it be or not. Tillotjvn,

The church-clergy have written the beft collcc-
f'on of trails againji popery that ever appeared in
England. isiuift.

4. With contrary motion or tendency :
ufed of material adlion.

Boils and plagues
Plainer you o'er, that one infcft another
Agalfj} the wind a mile. Sbakcjfeare's Coriclaiiui,
The kite being a bird of prey, and therefore
hot, delighteth in th» frerti air ; and many times
fficth agaixji the wind, as trouts and f.ilmuns fwim
againji the itream. Bacoo..

J. Contrary to rule or law.

If aught agairji myli.'i;
Thy country fought of titee, rt fought unjuftly,
jiiiirfi the lavr of nature, law of nations. Miltoiu.

jlgiUnji the public fauftions of tlie peace,
ylgawji all on.tns of their ill fuccrft ;
With fat».' .jverfe, the rout in arms refort,.
To force t'- eh monarch, and ial'uh the court.

Dryden,

6. Oppofitt: to, in place.

Againjl the Tiber's mouth, but faraway.

Brjitn,

7. To the hurt of another. See fenfe 5.

And, wh.-i thou think'!! of her eternity.
Think not that death againji her nature is j

Thisk it a birth : and when thou go'H to diej.
Sing like a fwan, as if tliou went'fl'to blifs.

.Sir y. Daviif
3. In provifiorj for ; in expeftation o£

This mode of fpeaking probab'y )ted-
its original from the idea of. making"

provifiont

A G A

•provifion againft, or in oppofuion »o, a
time of misfortune, but by degrees ac-
quired a neutral fenfe. ft fometimes
hus the cife elliptically fuppreffed, as,i
again/} he cpmes, that is, aga'uift the
Aimt when he comes.

Thentc (he them biocght into a ft«t«l) ball,
Wheiein wire many tables fair d'fprcd.
And iraiiy J'lght with drapets feftival,
jigaUfi thcviaiidi JhouU be miniftred.

Kiiry S>^ftn.

Tlie I'lw charge "was given them igaii-jl the

time ili«y flituid cor.ie to fettle, tjsemlch is iYi the

■land proiTiifcd unto their fatliers. Hc.kn-i

S >nic lay, t'.fTt e«r 'gaiiyi that fcafon comci,
"Wherein bur Saviour's birth is cclcbialcJ,
The bird nf dawning fingeth all night ieng :'
^nd then they fay no ffirit walks abroad ;
The nights are wholcfomc, then no.pJanets ftrifcc,
.No fairy tales, ni' witch hath power to charm j
Su ballow'd and fo gracious U the tirr.e.

Sh^kifp. H.-wlet.

To that psrpofe, he made hade to B.ilVol, that

!all things might be ready agah-J! the prince CJnic

-thither. , X-lamilnn.

■Agahft the promis'd time provides with care,
.And hadcns in the woot' the robes he waj to wean

J)rjdcr.

AU which 1 grant to be reafonablj and trul>

./aid, and only dcfire they may be remcnibe ert

agairjl another day. in/.'m^iir.

A'oALAXY. »./. [from a and yu>M, Gr.]

Want of milk. Dia.

'Ach'rE.ad'j. [from aand_^<j/Sf.] Staring

with eagernefs ; as, a bird gapes for

meat.

In himfolf was all.hU ftatc;
■More folenin than the tedious pomp that waits
On princes, when their rich retinue long
Of hurfes led, and grooms befmear'd with gold,
•Uaztlcs the crowd, and fets them iW.agejie.

Paradife L'fi.
Uarfk the cron-d, ani fet them all aga',t,

Pbtlips.
The whole crowd ftood agafi, and ready to take
the doftor at his word. S/'taMor, N" 572.

A'CARICK. »./ [agaricum, Lit.] A drug
of ufe in phyfic, and the dying trade.
It is divided into male and female ;
the male is ufed only in dying, the fe-
male in medicine : the male grows on
oaks, the female on larches.

'I here are two excrefccmes which grow upon
tree.', both of them in the nature of mu/hrooms ;
the one the Romans call toiitus, which gr ,weth
upon the rootb of oaks, and was one of the daintier
i»f their table ; the other is medicinal, that is call-
ed agarkk, which growcth upon the tops of oaks;
though it be affirmed by fome, that it groweth
alfo at the roots. _ Baan.

At; a'st. adj. [This word, which is ufual-
ly, by later .luthors, written aghajl, is,
not improbably, the true word derived
from aga%e, which has been written
aghtijl, from a miftaken etymology.
See AfiHAST.] Struck with tcrrour ;
amazed ; frighted to alloniftiment. .
Thus roving on
. Jn confns'd march forli.m, th" adiont'rous bands,
' Wth (hudd'ring horrour pale, and eyes egaft,
View'd iirft their lamentable lot, and found
No reft. MUiOKi Parod'tfi h-ifi-

A'cATE. n.f. \agau, Fr. «cA«w, Lat.] A
precious itone of the loweft clafs, often
clouded with beautiful variegations.

In (liape no bigger than an aiate Itone,
On die forefinger of an alJemian.

.... Stakiff. R'nit'j and yuli:t.

^itlii ape only varieties of the tlint kind ; they

' lave a :_;reyi <borny ground, clouded, lineated, o,

9

,A. G .E

fpottcJ w'.tli different colours, chiefly dalvy. Mack,
brown, red, and fometimes blue. fVatdmai'd

A'cATY. aJJ. [from agate.] Partaking o)
tha nature of agate.

An a^cfy flint- was above tw3 inches in diame-
ter i the whole coveied over with a friable creta-
ceous cfuft. H^!xdward-

To Aoa'ze. I'.^a. [from «and gaze, to fet
a gaxitig ; as, amaze, amuje, and others.]
To ftrikc with amazerhent ; to ftupify
with fiidden terrour. Tlte verb is now
out of ufe.

So as they travell'd, fo they 'gan efpy
An armed knight toward them ga'.lop taft,
T!\it fcemcd from foinc feared foe to fly,
Or.other grifly thing ih-U him agaji. Fairj ^atn.
Aa'A'zED.farticifial adj. [from agaze ;
which fee] Struck with amazement ;
«*terrified to ftjpiJity.

Ilundrtus he lent to hell, and none durft ftand
hinvi
Here, there, and every where, enrag'd he flew :
The French exclaim'd, " Thcdevi! was in arms!"
All the whole army flood egaxtd on him.

SkahJp.HettryVl.

AGE. »./. \_age, Fr. anciently cage, or
aag.' ; it is deduced by Msnage from
txiaiium, of 'atas ; by ''Junius, from aa,
which, in the Teutonic dialeils, figni-
fied long duration.] ';

1. Any period of time attributed to fome-
thing as the whole, or part, of its du-
ration : in this fenfc, we fay, the age of
man, the feveral ages of the world, the
golden or iron age.

One man in iiis time plays many parts,
His life being fcvcn ag(i. Shalrjftare.

And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt fcienteen
years ; fo tlie whole age of Jacob was an hundred
forty and feven years. Cenefis, xlvii. 28.

2. A fucccffion or generation of men.

Hence, laftiy, fprings care of poftcrities,
For things their kind wnild eve. lading make.

Hence -sit, that old men do plant young trees.
The fruit whereof another agi flial! take.

Sir y. David.
Nrxt to the Son,
Diftin'd Rcftorcr of mankind, by whom
New heav'n, and earth, (hail to the ag'rs rife.
Or down from heav'n deiccnd.

Mi/titi's Pnradi/s Lijl.
No declining ege
E'er fe'lt the raptures of poetic ra ,e. Rcfccmmon.

3. The time in which any particular man,
or race of men, lived, or ihall live j as,
the age of heroes.

No longer now the golden agf appears,
When patriarch wits furtivd a thoufan* years.

. . • . Pofe,

'4. The fnace of a hundred years ; a fecu-
lar period ; a century.

5 . The latter part of life ; old -age ; old-

nefs.

You fee how full of cb.in,;e his itgr is! the ob-
fervation we have m.idc of it hath not been little ;
he always loved our lillcf moft, nnd with what poor
judgment he hath now call her off!

Sl\iiefirare's King L'ur.

Boys muft nrit hiive th' ambitious care of men,
Nor men the weak anx»ftk**s of ^^i BUcommc:,

And on this forehead, where your vcrfe has faid
The loves delighted, and the i,raccs play'd j
Infulting <!;i;e will ttace his ciuel wjy,
And lca»c lad marks of hi» deilruftive fwajr.

Prinr.

6. Maturity ; ripencfs ; years of difcre-
tion ; full llrength of life.

A folemn admilfioii of profeiytes, a'.l th.it cither,
being of age, dcfire that admiliitfn for themfilves.

AGE

or that, in infancy, are b; others ptefcnted to that
charity of the church. VamniMj,

We thought our fires, not with their own content.
Had, eie we Came to age, our portion Ijient.

DiytUn.
, In law.

la a man, the age of fourteen years is the tige
of difcrcti.-.n ; and twenty -one y.ars is rhe full .in:
In a woman, at feven years of agi, the lord her
father may diftr.iin his ten mts for aid to marry herj
at the age of nine years, flic is dowabie ; at twelve
years, (he is able finally to ratify and confirm her
former confent given to raaa-imony ; at fourteen,
(he is enabled to receive her land into her own
hands, and (hall be out of ward at the death of her
anceftor : at fixteen, (he ihall be out of ward,
though, at the death of her anceftor, flie was within
the age of fourteen years; a; twenty-one, file is
able to allei-.ate her lands and tenements. At the
age oi fjuneen, a ftripling.is enabled to choofe hit
iwn guarJian ; at the age of fourteen, a man may
confent to marriage. Couctl,

A'cED. adj. [from age. It makes two fyl-"
•lablcs in poetry.]

1 . Old ; flricken in years ; applied gene-
rally to animate beings.

if the com^iar'fon do ftand be^vccn man and
man, the aged, for the moll part, are bcft experi-
enced, leaft fubie£l to raJh and unadvifed palTion*.

i/joArr.

Novelty is only in rcqueft i and it is as danger.'in
to be aged in any kind of courfc, as it is virtuou*
to be conftant in any undertaking.'

Sbakeff). Meafurefar Meajitre.

Kindnefs itfclf too weak a charm will prove.
To raifc the feeble fires of dj^ei love. Pn.r,

2. Old; applied to inanimate things. This
ufe is rare, and commonly with fome
tendency to the profcpopceia.

The people did not more worihip the Images of
gold and ivory, than they did the groves j and tlio
lame Quintilian faith of the aged oaks.

SuUingf.etCi Defcme of D'ifc. «i Rem. IdtU
A'cEDLY. adv. [from, aged.] After the

manner of an aged perfon.
Age'n. adv. [ajen, Sa.ic.] Again; in
return. See Again.

This word is now only written in this
manner, though it be in reaiity the true
orthography, for the fake of rhime.

Thus Ve.ius : Thus her fon reply'd agin;
None of your fifters have we heard or Icen.

DryJen.

A'cENCY. n.f. [from agent.]

1. The quality of afting ; the ftate of be-
ing in adlion ; aftion.

A few .advances there are in the following papers,
tending to alTert the fuperintendence and agency of
Providence in the natural world.

H-'oc'divaid s Pief. to Nat. HiJIoty.

2. The office of an .igent or faftor for an-
other; bufinefs performed by an agent.

Some of the purchjfers themfclves may bi; con-
ten: to live cheap in a worfe country, rather than
br at the charge of exchange and agennes. Sw'ij't,

A'GENT. adj. [agens, l.at.] That which
afts ; oppoled to />a/ient, or that which
is afied upon.

This fuccef-, is oft truly afcribcd unto the f.^rce
of imagination upon the body agent ; and ilicn, by
a !ccond.iiy means, it may upon a diierle body 5
as, for exav.ple, if a man cany a ring, or fome_
part of a bcaft, S-i'cvlng Jliongly that it will help
him to obtain his lo\r, it may make him more
indulWous, and a;ain more confident and p.-rti >inj
than clliciwiCe.hc would be. Baccn! N.U. Hiji.

A'gent. n.f.

1 . An aftor ; he that afts ; he tiiat polTcfrcs
the ficulty of ailion.

Wh.ere

\

A G G

Where there is no doubt, d''libe.at*on is not e:c-
cluded as -mpertincrt unto the thing, but as necd-
fcfs in reg ird of the egcr.tf winch .iccth airc?.dy
what to refolve upon.' ■ / ' . Haofa-.

To wliom nor a^f»i:, fi-om the inftrumcnt,
Nor pow'r of working, from the work is known.

Hca%''n made us egenu fr*l to good or ill.
And forc'd it not, tho' he forefaw the wiil.
Freedom was firtl Leftow'd on human race,
And prefcicncc onU held the I'econd place,

Dry<!tn.

A miracle is a work exceeding the power of any
create:! fftrcrty confetjccntly being an effect of the
divine cmni^^-rcnc^, Scathes oA-iro.vr.

2. A lubllinite ; a deputy; a faftor; a
perfon employed to tranfaft the bufinefs
of another.

— Ail hearts in love, ufe your own tODg'JCS ;
let ever)' CTc nejotiate for itfcif.
And cruft no agtirt, Sbakf^art,

The) had n^t tlic wit to find to them, in a'ly
orderly fauiit^n, egsnti or clicfea mtji, to" tcrnpt
them, and to treat with them, fiaon'j //.rry VII.

Remember, Sir, your fury of a wife,
• Who nut content to be reveng'd on yoa, •
The agents of your palfion will purfne.'

Vytuti't Auretig,

3. That which has the power of operating,
or producing efteils upon another thin^.

The) prcduc.d wcnderfui effecis, by the propr
application ofagtnls to patients. "tcm/ile.

AcGEtA-'TioN. n./. [Lat.f£/«.] Concre-
tion of ice.

It Is round in hail, and figured in its guttuious ;
deicenMroin the air, growing greater or lefler ac- '
carding to the accretion or plu > i jus aggtUtkt ab3ut '
the fundamental atoms thereof. ;

Brtiun s yulTor Erriart.

AccENER.'i'TiON. n. /. [from «</ and ^*-
reratio, Lat.] The ftate of growing or
uniting to another body.

To make a perfect nutiition, there is. reotiiiifd a

tranfmutation of nutriment } now- where this-con.

vcTfir'U,ortf|*^ewrtfri£if is made, there isalfo requited,

in <he aliment, a fimilatil^ of matter. |

^rMcn't fafgdr Erriurs

To A'ccER.\TE. t/. a. [from a^gef, Lat.]^
To heap up. Dia.

Agcero'se. adj. [from agger, Lat.] FuUj
of heaps,' ' .' DUl.

To AGGLO'MERATE.' ^. «. [cg^hiairo,

■ Lat.], ' ■

1. To gather up in a ball, af thread.

2. To gather together.

To Ag G L o'm e r a t e . 1-. n.

Bcfide$, the hard agglcmeral'mg fait:,
The fpoil of ages, would impcfvious choke ■ '
Their frcret channels. 7i.?-!''fn'j Aulumr.

Acclu'ti N ANTS. 71./. [from a^t;ft'finaU.]'
Thofe medicines or appIicitici'S wh'ich
have the power of uniting parts together.

To AGGLUTINATE. t..». [from ad'and
gli'ien, glue, Lat.] To unite one part to
anotrier; to join together, foas not to fall
afunder. Jt is a word almoll appropri-

...-rl

rtnc.

•t.riomejiough '

A GG

Tlie occafion of it^not healinj hy ff,7-|r/r, -.■...;';•.<,,
as the other did, was from the alteration the ichoi
had begun to make in the bottom of the wnind.

Ac G\.v'ri'K^liy%'.iUiJ.\Jtomag^l:itii7ate.'\
That which Ips the power of procuring
agglutination.

Rowl up the member with the eggluthat'i'j-
rowler. JViunan.

To AGGRANDI'ZR. -v. a. [aggraniiijer,
Fr. ] To make great ; to enlarge ; to
exalt ; to improve in power, honour, or
rank. It is applied to perfons gene-
rally, fometimes to thiiig.s.

It the king Ihould ufe it no better than the pope
did, only to nggrandi-ci: covetous churchmen, it
cannot be called a jewel in his crown.

Ayl.fe's PartrgDn.
_ Thefc fumilh us with glorious f'prings and me-
diums, to raife and aggrantiixe our conceptions, to
warm our fouls, to awaken the better paflions, and
to elevate thcra even to a divine pitch, and that for
dcvjtional purpolcs. fl-'jt.'s^s Imf-r. cf:UATlneS.
A'CGRANDIZEMENT. n. /. \aggrandijpi.

ment, Yr."] The ftate of being aggran-
dized ; the aft of aggrandizing.

A'c o R A N D I z E R . 11. J. [from aggrandize. ]
The perfon that aggrandii;es or makes
great another.

ToAgcra'te. 'V. a. \aggYatare, Ital.]
To pleafe ; to treat with civilities : a
word not now in ufe. ^

And in the midft thereof, upon the fldor,
A lovely bvy of fair ladies fatej

'■> ; Conned'of many a jolly' parampur ;
The which them did in model! wife amate,
A.^d cac'h one fought his lady to aggraie.

Fairy ^veen.

TVA'GGRAVATE. V. a.laggra'uo, iTat.]
r. To make heavy, flfed only in a nfieta-

phorical feai'e ; as, to c^^irrtt/^ an ac-

cufation, or a puniQiraent.

A grove hard by, fprung.ij> with this «heir change,
■ .His wiil who reigns ab^ve! to aggritvaie
Their penaace, Udcn with fruit, like that
Wli'ich grew in Paradife, the b.iit of Eve
UsM by the tempter. " muH'] P^radift Lcjl.

Ambitious Turmis in the prtfs appears, '
AaittggrfvifUKg cjimcs aogmeats th-.tr fears. , .

Dryd. j^^ci.l.
2. Fo make any thing worfe, by the ad-
dition of forae particular ciiCuinHance,
not eflential. '

This offence, iii ItfeH" B> '•: ,:.

him «^r*waW by'.thc rastiv* thereof, which was
not malice or diftontunt, but in afjiiring mind tc-
the papacy. "" ' ""

Acf.R AV/i'

I. The'aa oi
heavy., .

Z. Th. :r;7^'

A I

and h.
it in:

3. The
dents, which.

criinc. r,r rh#*

Bjccni Henry Vll.
'" \Jr()vn aggrai.ale.']
ii^graviating, ^^" or ! making

' ^ ' '• imity. ,^

..t'J.Uie f^ce,

•-' n ,..■: r-.iTures ch^nge^l
'", : . It'. ■■- Ai^^iiltt.

...cnmflances or afci-

increafe tai

: guilt of a

■'"mity..- ■
iiatii the Vtt.

t'lnated to the foundatic

AOCLUTINA T

O.v. n.J.

coKcfioi.

he (Lite l.

ftsi r.'

lOi

i

4*11.11 cunltficnre, a^air;:.

-';■' -.oif it'br^ifgh'd .: I

'h a^rritu/.auj not furcharg'd,
'^ allowance cnumerpois'd, •■ '

r.'y I .ird'>n fii.d '

.1 , 111 'If hi'iij lef-.. M'lhm.
i.at.;[ Fra-1'

r:rtJCj;.-ir

A G G

The foljd reafon of one man with unprejudicate'*
apprehenlions, begets as firm a belief?, rh^ aulho-
lity or uggrfgute leltiniuuy of many hundred.!.

Bnwv's !':llgtir Errcu)!,

They had, for a long time together, producci
mahy other inept combirations, or ti^rre^.j.'c forms
of particular thi.ng^, and nonftnllcalfyftems of fhe
"■!iole. ■ Ry t,n the Cnaur.n.

A'cGREGATE. n. f. [from the verb.] The
complex, or colleftive rcfult of the con-
junflion or acervation of many parti-
culars.

The reafon of the far greateft part of mankind,
is but ^Mi'aggngetc of miltalieii phanrafms, and,
in things not feniible, a conftant deiuiion.

GlanvUlt's Reef,/:! Siifnt'ifia, ■

A great number of living and thinking particles ^
could not poiiibly, by their mutual contact, and
pic/hng, and Rriking, compofe one greater indi-
vidual animal, with one mind and uiiJerftnndin?,
and a vital confenfion of the whole b .dy ;, aiiy
more than a fwarm of bees, or a crowd of men and
women, can be conceived to make up one paiticular
livihg creature, compoundftd and conltituted of the
aggrrgiiic of them all. B.-ni/rv. ■

To A'GGREGATE. nj. a. [aggrego, La*t']
To colleft together ; to accumulate; to
heap many particulars into one mafs.

The aggregated foil
Death, with his mace petrifick, cold, and dry.
As with a trident, fmote. Miltcns Parad. Ltft,.
Aggrega'tio-n. n.f. [from aggrtgate.^

1. Colleiaion,., or ftate of being collcfted.
Their individual Imperfeflions being great, th.-y

ire moreover enlarged by their nggregatwn ; and
being erroneous in their tingle numbers, once hud-
: died together, they will be errour itfelf.
. . : ' ■ > Brt/iuti^i Vitlgijr ErrourSt

2. The colleftion, or aft of collefting many
particulars into one whole.

The water refident ii\^i abyfs is» in all parts ■
of u, doted with .a coufiderable quantity of hc.it,
aad more efpei^i.illy in thofc where thcfe extrao;di-
riary a^gr,giiiicni of this fire happen.

IV^odtvard* s Natural Hiftorym

3. The whole compofed by the coacerva-
tion of many particulars ; an aggregate.

Tt> A'GGRE'SS. <v. n. [aggredior, aggref-
fi.i:, Lat.] To commit the firll ad of.
violence ; . to begin the quarrel.

. Tho glorious pair .ndvance.
With mlot^cd anger, and collei51ed might,

To turn the w,ir, and t^ "g^ejing franc?, .
How Bfitajn's fons and Britam's friends can fijfit..
,,'-''■ ■ l-'rior.

Accre ssion. n-./.[aggye^o,l.3-i-'\ Thft
firfl aft of injury ; commencement of
a quarrel by fome aftof i.iiquity.

Tiicrc is nordiliinqof a c 'mmo:! enemy, *itb3ut

an union for 4 mjutual dtfiBCc; and, th?re inay

' be iilfo, 01^ tlic6therhanJ,'afonfj.ir'acy(ifcomi» n

:fn!nhy^nii.,iggr(ff;,n. \ I'S/ln-rgt.

AcGRE.ssOR. a./, [fronj aggr,/s.] The

perfon. tliat firlt commencvjs hotlility ;

the aflafllter-or invader, oppofcd to the-

difcifdanf. " ' '

- 1 I'^y'ifl. nature's face.'

Pit Iinw, ..' n^M.i-. Hv It',' ,'-„ (■,.- . r,..'i >

..T .okto'f. ■

'"' . ' Dryd.n..

; • .. JtiJ^ >iC;Jl.uiJu<iiiy ciiCjjTji/Jai^ei to be oWigcd

to retali.ite the ir.ji,r.c.i of fuch .lutliois, v-holi

works ,, :ir;that we arc in danger

' ^'"^y ■ ',i i!ggr'cij!,r!.

Pspe and Sio'tft.

Ao c R j't VAN CE.«./ [Sec Grievance.]'
Injury; hardfliip inflifted ; wrong en--
dured.

Tr, Ar

i

^'■vt,. ti^a^ [^rom ^j-fl-wV, Ji»t.-
I. To

A G I

«. To give forrow ; to caufe grief; to rex.
It is not improbable, that to grie've was
originally neuter, and aggrieve the ac-
tive.

But w.hile therein I took my chief delight,
' 1 (aw, jIu \ the gaping earth devour

The fprinc, the plice, and all clean out of fight :
■Whitli }-•! iggr'uvci my heat even to this ho'ir.

3. To impofe fomc hardftiips upon ; to
harafs ; to htirt in one's right. This
is a kind of juridical fenfe ; and when-
ever it is ufed now, it feetns to bear
fome allufion to formsof law.

Sewall, archbiibop ol York, much aggr\r-.rH
with foin: prjfiicei of ihc pope's collectors, cock
ail patiently. Camkv.

The landed man finds himfelf ii^jr;?T/««/ by the
ifalling of ^is rents, and the {(reightcning of his
ifo/tune; whilrt the m^uied man Ictept up his gain,
»nd the meichant thiivcs and grows rich by trade.

Lockt.
Of injw'd fame, and mighty wrongs teceiv'd,
Cbloc complains, and wond'rcuAy 'i a^ricu'd-

* ■ GrajwilU*

fo Agcrotj'p. v. a. \^aggri)pare,\t3.\.'\ To
bring together into one figure ; to crowd
together: a teria of painting.

Bodies of divers naluics, wliivh are {jggr:upftl
(or combined) together, are agreeable and pleaUnt
to the fight. _ Drydcn.

Acha'st. adj. [cither the participle of
agaze (fee Agaze), and then to be
written agaxed, or ago/}, or from a and
.j^aj-r, a ghoft, which the prefent ortho-
graphy favours ; perhaps they were ori-
ginally different words.] Struck with
horrour, as at the fight of a fpedtre ;
ftupified with t^rrour. It is generally
applied to the ^iernal appearance.

She fighing fore, as if iier heart in twaine
Had riven been, and all her heart-ftrings braft.
With d reary drooping eyne l»ok'd up like o«e agbjjl.

Sfuijir,
The aged eartTi a^baft.
With terxour of that bla/l.
Shall from thefurface to the centre (hake. Mdtun.

jtgbafi he wak'd, and, ftirting from his ted,
•Cold fweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erfprcad.
Drydin'i Mr.cid.
1 laugh to think how your unrtiaken Caco
Will lo<Sk aghafi, while unforefecn deftruftion
Pours in upon him thus from every fide.

j^difoti^s Cat^.
A'GILE. adj. [agile, Fr. agilis, Lat.]
Nimble ; ready ; having the quality of
being fpeedily put in motion ; active.

With that he gave his able horfe the head.
And bending forward ({ruck his agili heels
Againftthe panting fides of his poor jade,
Vp to the rowel-head. Sbakrfp. }!inry IV.

The immediate and agik fubfervience of tlje
^irits to the empite of the mind or foul.

Hale' I Origin of Matihind.
To guide its anions with in/brming care.
In peace to judge, to conquer in the war.
Render it ogilt, witty, valiant, fage.
As (its the various courfe of human age. Trhr.

A'oiLBNEss. n.J. [fromoj-/7«.] The qua-
lity of being agile ; nimblenefs ; rea-
dinefs for motion ; quicknefs ; adivity ;
agility.

Aci'i-tTY. »./. [agilitas, Lat. fiomagilis,
agile.] Nimblenefs ; readinefs to move ;
quicknefs ; aftivity.

A limb ovcr-llrained by lifting a weight al>ove
Its pawer, may never recover its former agility and
vigour. TT'aiti.

AGl'LLOCHUM. n.f. Aloes-wood. A
tree in tiie Eaft-Indies, brought to us in

A G I

fmall bits, of a very fragront fcent. It
is liot, drying, and accounted -a llrength-
enerof the nerves in general. The beft
is of a blackifh purple colour, and fo
light as to fwim upon water. Sluincy.
jfGJO. n.f. [An Italian word, fignifying
cafe or conveniency.] A mercantile
term, nfcd chiefly in Holland and Ve-
nice, for the ditFerence between the value
of bank notes, and the current money.

Chambers.
To AGI'ST, V. a. [from gijie, Fr. a bed
or refting-place, or from gifter, i. e.
ftabulia-i.'] To take in and feed the
cittle of Ih-angers in the king's foreft,
and to gather the money. The officers
that do this, are called cgiftors, in Eng-
lifli, gueft or gift-takers. Their funftion
is terflied agiftment ; as, agiftment upon
the fea-banks. This word agiji is alfo
ufed, for the taking in of other men's
cattle into any man's ground, at a cer-
tain raxe per week.] Blount.
Aoi'sTMENT. n.f. [See Agist.] It is
taken by the canon lawyers in aiuither
fenfe than is mentioned under agift.
They feem to intend by it, a modus or
conipofition, or mean rate, at which
fome right or due may be reckoned : per-
haps it is corrupted from addoucijfement ,
or adjuftment.
Aci'sToa. n.f. [ffom /Jfj/?.] An officer of

the king's forefl. See Agist.
A'g 1 T A B L E . adj. [from agitate ; agitahilis,
Lat.] That which May be agitated, or
put in motion ; perhaps that which may
be difputed. See Agitate, and Agi-
tation. . . . ,
To A'GITATE. v. «. [agio, Lat.]

1 . To put in motion ; to (hake ; to move
nimbly ; as, the furface of the waters
is agitated by the wind ; the veffel was
broken by agitating the Uquor.

2. To be the caufe of motipn ; to aftuate ;
to move.

Where dwells this (bv'reljn arbitrary foul,
Which does the human animal concroul,
Inform each part, and agitata the wliole? Blacknore.

J. To affed with perturbation ; as, the
mind of man is agitated by various
paflions.

4. To ftir ; to bandy from one to another ;
to difcufs ; to controvert ; ^s, to agitate
a quelHon^

Though this controverfy be revivedi an4 hotly

agitated among the moderns ; yet I doubt whether

it be not, in a great part, a nominal difpute. '

Boyie on Colours.-

5. To contrive; to revolve; to form by
laborious thought.

Farmalitics of extraordinary ecal and piefy arc
never more (ludied and elaborate, than when poli-{
ticians nioH agitate defperate defjgns. K'nig Charles.

Agita'tion. »./. [homagitate; agitatio,
Lat.] ; '

1. The aftofmovingor fhaking anything.

Putrefadtion alkoth rcll ; for the lubtle motion
which putrefaction requireth, is difturbed by any
agitation. Boicr,.

2. The ftate of being moved or agitated ;
as, the waters, after a ftorm, are fome
time in a violent agitation.

3. Difcu&on ; controverfial examinatisn.

AGO

A It'md of a fchool qutllion is Sarted !n this fable,
upon reafon and inliinO ; this deliberative pro.
ceeding of the crow, was rather a logical agiia:iaii
of the matter. i: tfiran^e' s fahUi,

If. Violent motion of the mind ; pertur-
bation ; difturbance of the thoughts.

A great perturbation in nature '. to receive at
once the bene(it of fleep, and do the eRetts of
watching. In this (lumbry agitation, belides her
walking, and other aflaal performances, what
have you heard her fay ? Shakejftart'i Macbeth.

His mother could no longer bear the agitatioru
of (0 many palTions as tlirongcd u"on her.

■ Taller, N" 55.

5. Deliberation; contrivance; the ftate
of being confulted upon.

■The projeil now in agilaian for repealing of
the teft aft, and yet leaving the narae'of an ellad-
lifhment to the prefent national church, is incon-
fiftcnt. Sivifi'i Mi'celhnie!.

Agita'tor. n.f. [from agitate.] He that
agitates any thing ; he who manages
affairs : in which fenfe feems to be ufed
the agitators of the army.

A'rtLET. n.f. [Some derive it from afyXi!,
fplendour ; but it is apparently to be
deduced from aigulette, Fr. a tag to a
point, and that from aigu, fharp.]

1 . A tag of a point curved into fome re-
prefentation of an animal, generally of
a man.

He thereupon gave for the garter a chain wortti
2col. and his gown addre(red with aglets, efteemed
worth 15!. Hayward.

Why,. give him gold enough, and marry him
to a puppet, or an aglet baby, or an old trut, and
ne'er a tootli in her head.

Sbakejfeare" s T.inir.g of the Sbrrio.

2. The pendants at the ends of the chieves
of flowers, as in tulips.

A'cMiNAL. adj. [from a^/»^«, Lat.] Be-
longing to a troop. D:S.

A'g NAIL. adj. [from anje, grieved, and
najle, a nail.] A difeafe of the nails ;
a whitlow ; an inflammation round the
nails.

Agna'tion. n.f. [from agnatus, Lat.]
Defcent from the feme father, in a di-
reft male line, diftinfl from cogaation,
or confanguinity, which includes defcea-
dants from females.

Agni'tion. n.f. [from aguitie, XaI.^
Acknowledgment.

To Agni'ze. ■v. a. [from agtofco, Lat.]
To acknowledge ; to own ; to avow.
This word is now obfolete.

1 do agniau
A natural and prompt alacrity
I find in hardnefs. Shalrffeari's OiiilU.

Agnomina'tio.v. n.f. [agnominatio, Lat.]
Allufion of one word to another, by rc-
femblance of found.

The Bririlh continueth yet in Wales, and fome
villages of Cornwall, intermingled with provincial
Latin, being very lignificative, copiois, and plea-
(^ntly running upon agnotr.intnons, although hardi
in al'pirations. Catnden.

AGKVS CASTUS. n.f [Lat.] The name
of the tree commonly called the Chafe
Tree, from an imaginary virtue of pre-
ferving chaftity.

Of laurel fjme, of woodbine many more.
And wreathes of agnut cajius others bore. Dryd,

Ago', adv. [ajan. Sax. pall or gone ;
whence writers formerly ufed, and in
fome provinces the people ftill ufe, agone
for ago.] Pall ; as, long ago ; that is,

long

AGO

Jong time has pad fince. Reckoning
time towards the prefent, we \ik fence ;
as, it is a ye3.x fence it happened : reck-
oning from the prefent, we ufe ago ; as,
it happened a year ago. I'his is not,
perhaps, always obferved.

The great fupp?y
Are wreck'd three nights ami on Gadwin finds.

Stahf^ eare.
This both by othfn and myfelf I know.
For I have fcrv'd their rovercign long tigo ;
Oft have been caught within the winding train.
Dryd,rCi Fabics,
I (hill fct down an account of a difcourfc I
chanced to have with one of the.n fjme time c^o.
j^iUiji^ni Frtiiotdir.

Ago'c. aJv. [a word of uncertain ety-
mology : the French have the term a
gcgo, in low language ; zi.ils iiivc/it a
gcgo, they live to their wilTi : from this
phrafe our word may be, perhaps, de-
rived.]

I. In a (late of defire ; in a ftate of warm
imagination ; heated with the notion
of fome enjoyment ; longing ; llrongly
excited.

As fjr the fcnfe and reafon of it, that has little
«r nothing to do here ; only let it found full and
round, and chime right to the humour, which
is at prefent agog (juft as a big, long, rattling
natne is faid to command even adoration fiom a
Spaniard), and, no doubt, with this powerful,
fenfelefs engine, the rabble driver flialj be able t^
carry all before h;m. Scuib'i S.tkhiii.

Z. It is ufed with the verbs to be, or to fet ;
as, he is agog, or you may fet him

'i'he gawdy gnflip, whfn the'sfer agog.
In jewels dreft, and at each ear a bob.
Goes flaunting out, and, in her trim of pride.
Thinks all flic fays or does is juftifj'd.

Dryd. Jiiv. Sat. vi.

This maggot has no {ooner Jet him agc', bui
he gets him a fliip, f eights hor, builds caitlcs in
the air, and conceits both the ladies in his cof-
fers. L'E/lr.tnzt.
3. It has the particles on, or far, before
the object of defire.

On which the fj'nts ar« all agog,
Ard all this for a bear and dog. Hudihr. (ant, ii.

Gvffios generally ft.agi;le into thefe parts, and
fet the heads of our fervant-maidi fo agcg fir
hulbands, that we do not cxpefl to have any bufi-
nefs done as it fliouij be, whil.1 they are in the
country. Mdifuit't SfiBatcr.

Aco'iNC, participial adj. [from a and
going.^ In aftion ; into aftion.

Their firft movement, and imprejed motions,
demanded the impuli'e of an almighty hand to fet
them firll agolrtg, TatUr,

Aco'ne. adv. [ajan. Sax.] Ago; paft.
See Ago.

is he fuch a princely one.
As you fpeak him long agent?

Ben 'Jonffm^s Fairy Prhce.

A'cONiSM. n.f. [iyMiiTfio,-, Gr.] Conten-
tion for a prize. Diil.

A'coNisT. n.f. [aytjVijj Gr.] A con-
tender for prizes. Diit.

AcoNi'sTES. n.f. [Uyc^nrrii; , Gr.] A prize-
fighter ; one that contends at r.»y pub-
lic folemnity for a prize. Milton has
fo ftyled his tragedy, bec.iufe Samfon
was called cut to divert the Philiftines
with feats of llrength.

AcoNi'sTiCAL.a*^'. [from<7jo«//?cv.] Re-
lating to prize-fighting. Did.

I« A'coNizE. V. n. [from agonisx, low
Vol. I.

A G R

Latin ; iyuti^u, Gr. rgonifer, Fr.] To
feel agonies ; to be in excefTive pain.

Doft thou behold my poor diltrafled heirt,
Thus-rent with agoi:izing love and rage.
And afic me what it means ? Art tliyu not falfe ?
R'.'tU'-'s f-int S/^are.
Or touch, if, tremblingly alive all o'er,
To fmait and agonixe at evVy pore ?

Fc/re's Fff-iy on Man.
Acokothe'tick. adj. [xyut s.ni z'i^r,fn,
Gr.] Propofing publick contentions for
prizes ; giving prizes; prefiding at pub-
lick games. Ditl.
A'GONY. n.f. [aya*, Gr. agon, low Lat.
agonie, ^r.'\

1 . The pangs of death ; properly the lall
contcil between life and death.

Never was there more pity in faving any than
in ending me, bccaufj therein my agony fliali end.

Sidney.

Thou who for me did'feel fuch pain,
Whofe precious blood the crofs did ftain.
Let not thc.fe agcn'us be va.n. Rofccmmcn.

2. Any violent or exceflive pain of body
or mind.

Betwijt them both, they have mc done to dy.
Thro' wounds and lirokes, and ftubborn handeling.

That death were better than fuch agcny.
As grief and fury unto me did bring. Fairy Slueen.

Thee I have mifs'd, and thought it long, depriv'd
Thy prefence, ag'nj of love ! till now
Not felt, nor (hall be twice. Mihon't Par. Lofl.

3. It is particularly ufed in devotions for
our Redeemer's conflict in the garden.

To propofe our defires, which cannot take fuch
effciS as we fpecify, fhall, notwithftaniing, other-
wife procure ui his heavenly grace, even as this
very prayer of Chr.ft obtained angels to be fent
him as comforters in his t:gony. Hooker.

Ago'od. adv. [a ATiA gcod.'\ In eameft ;
• not fJAttioudy. Not in ufe.

At that time 1 made her weep agood,
For 1 did play a hmeitable pirt.

Stikeffejr:'! Ttvn Gent, ef Ver'na-

Acot;'TY. n.f. An animal of the An-
tilles, of the bignefs of a rabbet, with
bright red hair, and a little tail without
hair. He has but two teeth in each jiw,
holds his meat in his fore -paws like a
fquirrel, and has a very remarkable cry.
When he is angry, his hair Hands on
end, and he ilrikes the- earth with his
hind-feet, and, when chafed, he flies
to a hollow tree, whence he is expelled
by fmoke. Tre'voux.

•ToAcra'ce. "v. a, [from a ?mA grace. "[
To grant favours to ; to confer benefits
upon : a word not now in ufe.

She granted, and that knight fo much agra<'i.
That the him taught celeftial difcipline.

Fairy Sluiin.
Acra'mmatist. n. f. [a, fri'u. and
yfa.jj.u.!ic, Gr.] An illiterate man. Did.
Agra'rian. adj. \_agrarius, Lat.] Re-
lating to fields or grounds ; a word fel-
dom ufed but in the Roman hillory,
where there is mention of the agrarian
\av/.
yiAoRE'ASE. 1/. (T. [{roai a And greafe.']
To daub ; to greali; ; to pollute with
filth.

The waves thereof fo (low and fluj?gi(h were,
Engrofs'd with mud, which did them foul agreafe.

Fairy liluetn.

To AGRE'E. If. n. [agreer, Fr. fromgre,
liking or good-will; gratia smd gratus,
Lat.]

V A G R

1. To be in concord ; to live without con-
tention ; not to differ.

The more you e:g!ee together, the Icfs hurt can
your enemies do you. Brccme's P*iitv '^f Epic Poetf y.

2. To grant ; to yield to ; to admit ; with
the particles to or upon.

And perfuaded them to agree to all rcafonable
conditions. z RTjccateci, xi. 14.

We do not prove the origin of the earth from a
chaos ; fccirg that is agreed on by all that give it
ary origin. Burnet.

3. To fettle amicably.

A form of vi ords were quickly agreed on between
th'-m for 3 pertVdt combinat'.on. C'arendr^n.

4. To fettle terms by fiipulation ; to ac-
cord : followed by ivit/j.

Agree zviib thine aJverfary quickly, whilft thcu
art in the .way with him ; left at any time the
adverfary deliver t.hee to the judge, and the judge
deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cart into
prifon. Matt. v. 15.

5. To fettle a price between buyer and
feller.

Friend, I do tlice no wrong; didft not thou
agree vjilb me for a penny? Mal>. xx. 13,

6. To be of the fame mind or opinion.

He exceedingly provoked or unJerwent the
envy, and reproach, and malice of men of all
qualities and conditions, who agreed in nothing
elfe. Clarendon.

Milton is a noble genius, and the world agree: to
confefs it. ff^attt^s Imprtjvcment of the Mind.

7. To concur ; to co-operate.

Muft the whole man, amazing thought! return
To the cold ma.ble and contra-ted urn ?
And never Ihall thofe particles agree,
That were in life this individual he ? Prior.

8. To fettle fome point a;nong many, with
upon before a noun.

Strifes and troubles would be cndlefs, except
they gave their common confent all to be ordered
by fome whom they fiijuld agree upon. Honker.

If men, iktUed in chymical affairs, {hsW agree
to write clearly, and keep men from being ftunned
by dark or en>p;y words, they will be reduced
eitiier to write nothing, or books that may teach
u^ fjniething. Boyle.

9. To be confiilent ; not to contradift;
with to ot luith.

For many bare falfe witnefs againft him, but
their witnefs agreed not together. Mark, xiv. 56.

They that ftood by faid again to Peter, Suely
thou art one of them : for thou art a Galilean,
and thy fpeecli ogreeib thereto. Mark, xiv. 70.

Which teftimony I the lefs fcruple to all/ge,
bec.iufe it agrees very well -with what has been af-
firmed to me. Bayle,

10. To fuit with; to be accommodated
to : with to or --with.

Thou fceJeft thine own people with angels food,
and didft fend them from heaven bread agreeing to
every tafte. _ mjdom.

His principles could not be ma.le to agree with
that conftitulion and order which God had fettled
in the world ; and, therefore, muft needs clalh
with common fenfe and experience. Locke,

1 1. To caufe no difl:urbance in the body.

I have often thought, that our prefcribing affej
milk in fuch fmall quantities, is injudicious; for,
undoubtedly, with luch as it agrea with, it would
perform much gieater and qnicker cflefls, iit
greater quantities. .Orbutbnot.

To Ac re'e. 1;. a.

1 . To put an end to a variance.

He faw from far, or feemed for to fee.
Some troublous uproar, or contentious fray,
Whereto he drew in haflc it to agree.

Fairy Slueen, i. it.

2. To make friends ; to reconcile.

The mighty rivals, whofe deftrud^ive rage
Did the whole world io civil aims engage.
Ate now agreed. Rojcommm.

H VLore'eable.

A G R

^cke'iaBLC. dJj. [agreaile,¥t.']

1. Suitable to ; confiftent with j conform-
able to. It has the particle to, or ivith.

This piucity of blood is agrciabU It many other
•nimilt, at ft-tgs, lizardi, and other fidies.

£rawH*t Vulgar Errouri,

Tha Hcl'isht whlc!i men have in popuhirlty,
fame, fubmiffiw, and fubjcflion of otlier n)cii'»
minds, fecmeth to he a thing, in itlelf, witliout
contemplation c( confcqiience, agmAh- and grate-
ful to the natuve ot" man. Baan's Natura/ Ui/lory

What you do, is not at all ogneahlt either
wkb fo good a chriftian, or fo rcalbnabic and (c
treat a pcifun. Tewfk.

That which is agriealk fj the nature of one
thing, is many times contrary to the narure of
another. VEJlr.wge.

As Uic praflice of all piety and viitue is agrec-
ciie to our reafon, fo is it likcwlfe the iniereft
both of private perl'ons and of public focieties.

TilUtfin.

2. In the following paflage the adjedive
is ufed by a. familiar corruption for the
adverb agreeably.

jigreiahlc tereunto, perl?sps it might not beamifs,
to make children, asibon as they are capable of it,
«ften to tell a ftory. ttcke on EJucatim.

3. Pleafing ; that is fuitable to the incli-
sation, faculties, or temper. It is ufed
in this fenfe both of perfons and things.

And while the face of outward things we find
Pleafant and fair, agricatU and fweet,
Thefc things tranfport. SlrJ.Dav'm.

1 rtcollefl in my mind the difcourfes which
feave palTed between us, and call to mind a thou-
fand agretahli remarks, which he has made on
thefe occafions. Addijr.n, SfeSatcr, N^ 541.

Agre'eableness. n.f. \^(rom agreeabU.'\
». Confiftency with; fuitablenefs to: with
the particle to.

Plealant tafles depend not on the things them-
felves, but their agrtiablnefi to this or that parti-
cular palate, wherein there is great variety. Locke.

3. The quality of pleafmg. It is ufed in
an infericur fenfe, to mark the pro-
duftion of fatisfadlion, calm and laft-
i.Tg, but below rapture or admiration.

There will be occafion for largenefs of mind
Uki agremk/entfi of temper. Co/tier of Frieniljhip.

It is very much an image of that author's writ-
ing, who has an agrieahhmfi that charms us,
without corrcflncfs J like a miftrefs, whofe faults
We fee, but love her with them all. Pope.

3. Refemblance; likenefs; fometimes with
the particle betiveen.

This re'.a'ion is likewife fecn in the agrteahlt-
tuft icnireta m^n and the other parts of the uni-
verfe. dviu'j Cofmchgia Sacra.

Agre'eably. a^'v. [from agreeable.]
1. Confiftently with ; in a manner fuitable
to.

They may look into the affairs of Judea and
JcrufaletD, agreeai/y to that which is in the law of
tlic Loirf. I EJJ, xviii. II.

i. Pleafingly.

1 did never imagine, that fo many excellent
rules could be produced fo advanugeoufly and
•igrtcatlj. iivift.

Agrb'ed. participial adj. \Jtoxa agree.]
Settled by confent.

When they had got known and agreid names,
to fignify thofe internal operations of their own
minds, they were fuificiently furnifhed to make
known by words all their ideas. I.ccke.

Aore'eingness. n./. [from agru.] Con-
fidence ; fuitablencft.

Ar;RE'EMENT. tt. J. [agremea/, Fr. in
law Latiri agreemeattus, which Coke
would willingly derive from aggrtgatio
uuntiua.\

'A G U

1. Concord.

What agreamtt is there between the hyeni and
the dog ^ and what peace between the rich and
the poor ? Ecctuy. xiii. 18.

1, Refemblance of one thing to another.

The djviliiin and quavering which pleafc fo
much in mufick, have ah agravmii with the glit-
tering of light, as the moon-beams playing upon a
wave. * Bacon.

Expanfion and duration have this farther agrit-
mti.i, that though they are both confidered by
us as having parts, jet their parts are not feparahi.
ore from another. Locke.

3. Compafk ; bargain; condufionof con-
troverfy ; llipulation.

And your covenant with death (hall be difan-
nulled, and your agreement with hell (hall not
(land J when the overflowing fcourge (hall pafs
through, then ye (hall be trodden down by it.

Jfaiab, xxviii. iS.
Make an agreerrent with me by a prefcnt, and
come out to me, and then eat ye every man of
his own vine, and every one of his fig-tree.

2 K'mgs, xviii. 31.
Frog had given his word, that he would meet
the company, to talk of this agreement.

I jirbuthnot's Hiftory af John Bull.

Agre'stick, or Acre'stical. adj.
[from agrejlis, Lat.] Having relation
to the country ; rude ; ruftick. Di£i.
Agricola'tjon. n. f. [from agricola,
Lat.] Culture of the ground. DiB.
A'griculture. n.f. [agricultiira, Lat.]
The art of cultivating the ground; til-
lage ; hufbandry, as dillinft from paf-
turage.

He ftrictly advifeth not to begin to fow before
the fftting of the (lars; which, notwithftanding,
without injury to agriculturey cannot be obferved
in England. Brotvn^s Vulgar Errours.

That there was tillage bellowed upon the ante-
diluvian ground, Mofes does indeed intimate in
general ; what fort of tillage that was, is not
expreffed : I hope to (hew that tlieir agriculture
was nothing near fo laborious and trcublefome,
nor did it take up fo much time as ours doth.

H^ooiiivartts Natural Hi^ory,
The difpcfition of UlyiTes inclined him to war,
rather than the more lucrative, but more fecure,
method of life, by agriculture and hulbandry.

Broome's Notes c/t tbe Odyff^y.

A'grimon'y. n.f. [a^rimoiiia, Lat.] The
name of a plant. The leaves are rough,
hairy, pennated, and grow alternately
on the branches ; the flower-cup con-
fifts of one \ezf, which is divided into
five fegments : the flowers have five or
fix leaves, and are formed into a long
fpike, which expand in form of a rofe ;
the fruit is oblong, dry, and prickly,
like the burdock ; in each of which are
contained two kernels. Miller.

To AoRi'sE. f. rt. [ajpipan. Sax.] To
look terrible. Out of ufe. Spenfer.

Te .A.ORi'sE. -v.' a. To terrify. Spenfer.

Acro'und. ad<v. [from a and^ro»»</.]

1. Stranded ; hindered by the ground from
pafling farther.

With our great (hips, we durft not approach the
eoail, we having been all of us aground.

Sir W. RaUlgb's EJJays.
Say what you fecic, and whither were you bound ?
Were you, by ftrefs of weather, cad aground f

DryJm'sJEndd.

2. It is likewife figaratirely ufcd, for
being hindered in the progrefs of af-
fairs ; a'^, the negotiators were aground
at that objeftion.

.'\'GUE, n.f. [aigu,Ft, acute.] An in-

AHA

termitting fever, with cold fits fuceeed-

ed by hot. The cold fit is, in popular
language, more particularly called the
/ ague, and the hot the fever.

Our caftle's ftrength
Will laugh a fiege to fcom. Hctp let them lie.
Till famine and tbe ague eat them up. Shakefif

'I hough
He feels the heats of youth, and colds of aget-
Vet neither tempers nor correfls -he others
As if there were an ague in his nature.
That (lill inclines to one extreme. Dtnbam'tSofiby.
A'cviu. adj. [from ague.] Struck with
an ague ; (hivering ; cJiill ; cold : a
word in little ufe.

All hurt behind, backs red, and facei pale.
With flight and agued tear ! Sbaktfp. CtrioLnm.

A'gi/e fit. ti. f. [from agiu and yS/.]
Tlie paroxyfm of the ague.

This ague Jit of fear is overblown.

Sbakeff. Rich. ir.

A'gue PROOF. <j<^'. [from ague and proof. 1
Proof againft agues ; able to refift the
caufes which produce agues, without
being afl^efted.

when the rain came to wet me once, and the
wi«J to make me chatter; when the thunder would
not peace at my bidding ; tliere I found 'em,
there 1 fmclt 'em out. They told me 1 was every
thing : 'tis a lie ; I am not ague proof .

Shakffearci King l^ar.
A'cuE-TREE. n.f. [from ague and trie.]
A name fometimes given to faffafras.

Dia.
ToAovi'sE. "v. a. [from a znd guife. See
Guise.] Todrefs; to adorn; to deck :
a word now not in ufe.

As her fantaftic wit did moft delight.
Sometimes her head (he fondly would aguift
With gaudy garlands, or frelh flowers dighc
About her neck, or rings of rulhes plight.

f-iiVy Slueen.

A'guish. adj. [flora ague.] Having the
qualities of an ague.

So calm, and io lerenc, but now.
What means this change on Myra's brow ?
Her aguijh love now glows and bums.
Then chills and (hakes, and the cold fit returns.

Granville.

A'guishness. ». f. [from aguijh.] The
quality of refembling an ague.

-Ah. Inter jcQicn.

I. A word noting fometimes diflike and
cenfure.

ylhl fmful nation, a people laden with ini-
quity, a feed of evil-doers, children that are cor-
rupters, they have forfaken the Lord. Ijaiah, i. 4.

z. Sometimes contempt and exultation.
Let them not fay in their heart*. Ah I fo we
would have it : let them not fay, we have fwal-
lowed him up. P/olmxxxy. 2^.

3. Sometimes, and moft frequently, com-
panion and complaint.

In youth alone, unhappy mortals live;
But, ab .' the mighty blifs is fugitive :
Difcqiour'd (ickncfs, anxious labour come,
And age and death's inexorable doom.

Dryd.Vlrg. Geerg. iii,.

^^met the blooming pride of May,
And tl'^t oi' beauty are but one :

At morn botlvflouriih bright and gay.
Both t\dc at evening, pale, and gone. Prion

4. When it is followed by tiat, it ex-
prcflTes vehement dcfire.

In gooJncfs, as in greatnefs, they excel ;
Ab I that we lov'd ourfelvcs but half fo well.

Drydcn's JuvtruL

Aha'! Aha'! intcrjeilion. A word inti-
mating triumph and comenipt.

They

AID

They opened their mouth wide aga!nflf mty

>nd faid, aba I aha ! our eye hath fcen it.

Pfalm XXXV. II.

Ahs'ad. aJv. [from a and i6fW.]
1, Farther onward than another : a fea
term.

And now the mighty Centaur fe«ms to lead.
And now the fpeedy Doiphin gets akiad.

DrydiTs't j^nehl.

t. Headlong ; precipitanlly :^ ufed of ani-
mals, and figuratively of men.

It is mightily the fault of parents, guardians,
tutors, and governours, tiut lb many men mif-
carry. They fuffer them at firil to run ahead,
and, when perverfe inclinations arc advanced into
habits, there is no dealing with them.

VEfirargfi Tahiti.

'.Ahe'icht. adv. [from a and hcigbt.'\
Aloft ; on high.

But have I falPn or no ?—
—From the dread I'ummit of this chalky bourne !
■ Look up aheigbf, the ftir!ll-gorg'd iafk {o far
Cannot be fecn or hlard. HhahJ^, Khr Lfar,

jiHOUjfl. n.f. The name of a poifonous

plant.
7» AID. T/. a. \aider, Fr. from adjutare,
Lat.] To help ; to fupport ; to fuc-
cour.

Into the lake he leapt, hh lord to a'u!.
And of him catching hold, him Itrongly Ifaid
From drowning. Fairy ^uetr,

Ncnhfr fliail they give any thing unto them
that make war upon them, or aid them with
rituals, weapons, ir.oney, or fiiips.

Mauabet!, viii. 26.
By the loud trumpet, which our courage aidiy
We learn that found as well as fenfe perfuadcs.

Rofcimmtn,
Aid. n.f. [from To aid.]

1 . Help ; fupport.

The memory of ufeful thiiigs may receive con-
£derable aid, if they are thrown into verfc.

fVatti^t Improvtment cf tbt Mind.

Your patrimonial ftorcs in peace poifefs j
Undoubted all your filial claim confefs :
Your private right HiouU impious power invade,
The peers of Ithaca woutd arm in aid. Pift's Od.

2. The perfon that gives help or fupport ;
a helper ; auxiliary.

Thou haft fajd, it is not good that man fhould
be alone ; let us make unto Elm an aid, like unto
himfelf. Tidiit, viii. 6.

Great aidi came in tq him, partly upon mi/fives,
and partly voluacaries from many parts.

Bui.n't Henry Vn.

3. In law.

A fubfidy. jlid !• alfo particularly ufed, in
matter of pleading, for a petition made in cuurt,
for the calling in of help frcm another, that hath
an interrft in the caufe in ijueflion ; and is I.kc-
wife both to give (trength to tne party that pray,
in aid of hiiti, an<i' alio to avoid a prejudice ai.-
cruing towards his own right, except it be pre-
vented : as, when a ter.ant for term of lite, c.iur-
tefy, £*?. being impleaded touchinf; his cftate, lit
may pray in aid of him in the reverlion ; that is,
entreat the court, that he may be called in bv
writ, to all-ge what he thinks good for the main-
tenance both of his right and his own. O/ivrll.

Ai'dance. n.f. [from aid.] Help; fup-
port : a word liiile ufed.

Oft have I Icca a timely parted ghoft,
Of aOy femblancc, meagre, pale, and b|.)»d!tf3,
R ■- ; defcendcd to the lab'ring heart,

the wnflift that it holds with death,
^.t rrtUs the fame foraidance 'gainft the cnemv.

Sbattlfrert's Hrrtry VI.

Ai'dant. adj. [aidant, Fr.] Helping;
helpful : no! in ufe.

,.,. "^n ibliOi'd virtues of r'-,' ~ ■'
S ■ tent ; \>t aidai:'

ii. . • :.-. ;n'5 diftrcfi. Si. Liar.

A I M

Ai'der. h./. [from aid.] He that brings
aid or help ; a h-lper ; an ally.

.'^11 along ..s he \tect, were punilbed the adhe-
rents and aidits of the late icbels.

Bacon^s Ilcmy VII,
Ai'dless. adj. [from aid and /e/s, an in-
feparable particle.] Hclplefs ; unlup-
ported ; undefended.

Alone he entered
The mortal gate o' th' city, which he painted
AVith ihunlefs deftiny : aldld': came off,
Aod, with a fudden rc-enforcemcnt, ftruck
Coriolj, like a planet. ShaUfp. Corlolanus.

He had met
Already, erS my befl fpeed could prevent.
The eiV/^s innocent lady, his willi'd prey.

MilnniCUmus.

A'jcuLET. n.f. [aigulet, Fr.] A point
with tags ; points of gold at the end
of fringes.

It all above befprinkled was tliroughout
With golden ajjutoi that glifter'd bright,

Like twinkling ftars, and all the &irt about
Was hemm'd with golden fringes. Talry S"cer.

To AIL. -u. a. [ejlan. Sax. to be trouble-
fome.]

1 . To pain ; to trouble ; to give patn.

And the angel of Cod calleJ to Kagar out of
heaven, and faid unto her. What ailclh thee, Ha-
gar .' fear not : for God bach heard the voice of
the lad where he is. Gtn, xxi. 17.

2. It is afed in a (enJe Itffs determinate,
for to afflB in any manner ; as, Jcrrie-
thiiig aiis ttit that I canhot ft jiill; tubal
ails the man that he laughs riiithout rea-

Jcnf

Love fmiled, and thus faid. Want joined to
defire is unhappy ; but if he nought do defire,
what can HeraclitusfliV ? Sidney.

What aiJs me, that I cannot lofe thy tlioujht !
Command the cmprefs hither to be brought,
I, in her death, fliall Come diverliun find.
And rid my thoughts at once of woman-kind.

Drydcrr's Tyrannkk Love.

3. To feel pain ; to be incommoded.

4. It is remarkable, that this word is
never ufed but with forae indefinite
term, or the word nQlhiag ; as, t^hat
ails bim ? IVhat does he ail? He ails
fifnething ; he «»/,r mthing. Something ails

him ; nothing ails him. Thus we never
fay, a fever ails hini, or he ails a fever,
or ufe definite terms with this verb.
Ail. n.f. [from the verb.] A difcarc.
Or heal, £> Narfcs, thy obfcener aH. ftpe.

Ai'lmekt. n.f. [fn>m«/A] Pain ; dif-
eafe.

Little aUmehtt oft attend the fair.

Not decent for a huftand's eye or. ear. Granville.

1 am never ill, but 1 thing of your aiftnei::i,

and repine that they mutually hinder our being'

together. , Sii-fi's Lefters.

A'lLiNG. participial adj. [ffom- To ail.]
Sickly; full of complaints.

To AIM. f. n. [It is derived Ey Skiltner
from efmnr, to point at ; a word which,
I have not found.]

1. To endeavour to llrike with a milTive
weapon ; to diie£l towards ; with the
particle at. j

Aimji thou at princes, all araae'd they faid,
The lall of games ? Piipt r Od^ly.

2. To point the view, or dTfcft the fteps'
towards any thing ; to tend toward-. ;
to endeavour to reach or obtain : with
to formerly, now only with at. ,

he, here the world Is blilV j lo hen; tliff-end

A I R

Tc which all men do aim, rich to he madu,
Such grace now to be happy is bcfoie thee laid.

Another kind there is, which although wt de-
fire for itfclf, as health, and virtue, a;.d know-
ledge, neverthelefg they are not the ial> ma-.k
ivtereat wc /litn^ but have their furclicp end where*
unto t; ey arc referred. , Hnilier.

Swoln with applaufe, and aiming ftill at more.
He now provokes the fea-gods from the (hore.

Vryoens JEneid.

Religion tends to the t?Xt and pleafure, the
pe.lce and tranquillity of our minds, whlfh ail
the wifdonrt of the world did always aim ati as the
ulrftoft felicity of this life. Tiiyj'.n.

3. To guefs.X

To Aim. 'V. a. To direfl the miffle wea-
pon ; more particularly taken fjr the
aft of pointing the weapon by the eye,
before its difmiffion from the band.

And proud Ideus, Prlam*s charioteer,
Who fliakes his empty reins, and ahm his airy
fpear. Dryden.

Aim. n.f. [from the verb.}

1 . The direftion of a milTile weapon.

Afcanius, young and eager of his game.
Soon bent his bow, uncertain of his aim ;
But the dire fiend the fatal arrow guide.S|
Which picic'd his bowels throutth his panting
fid's. Dryden, JEk. \\\. I 691.

2. The point to which the thiog thrown it
direftei,

That arrows fled not fwifter toward their aim,
Thaiv did <)iir ioldiers, aiming at their fafety.
Fly from the Acid. S/j,:hefji. Henry IV. f, ii,

3. In a figurative' fenfe, a purpofe ; a
fcheme ; an intention ; a defigii.

He [rafted to have equali'd the Aluft Hi^h,
If he oppos'd : and, with ati»bitioiis aim,
AgainU the throne and monarchy of God
Rals'd impious war. /Wj/r. Par. LcJ{, h. i. /. 41,

But fee how oft ambitious aitn arecrolV,
And chiefs contend till all the prize is loth Pripc,

4. The objedl of a defign ; the thing after
which any one endeavours.

The fafcft way' is to fuppofe, that tM; epiftle

has but one aim, t'.W, by a frequent pcrufal o'f it,
you are forced to fee there arc diftin^ independi nt
pans. Lwk^i EJfay en St. Paul': BfifU:.

5. Conjefture'; giiefs.

It is impofiible, by aim, to tell it ; and, for
expeilcnce and knowledge thereof, I do not think
that £hcie was ever any of the particulars thereof.
Sptn/er &n Ireland.
There is 3 hiftory In all men's lives.
Figuring the nature of the times' dcceas'd ;
Tie which obferv'd, a man ir.ay prophefy
With i near aim, of the main chance of things.
As yet net come to life, which in their feeds
And "v^eak. be^innlngv lie intre-ifurcd.

Sh^kiff. BeniylV.
AIR. if./, [a'ir, Fr. ai'r, Lat.]
I., The element encompaffing the tena-
queous gfobe. ;

If I were to Icll wjiat I ntcan by the word air,
I may fay, it is that fine matter which, we breathe
in and* bieathcout contiimaliy ; or it:is that thin
fluid body. In v\hich l!ic birds fly, a little abova-
the earth; or it is tliatinvilible matter, which
flils all places near the earth, or which ir:i medi-
ately encompaflis the globe of earth and Water.

H'attrs Lcgick.

2, The Sate of the itr } or the air con-
■ iGdieredwithregard to health.

. 'flicrt!, be many gopd and healthful »(«, that
do appear by habitation and other proofs, that
4il'iief not in fmeil from other ain.

Bacm! Ka!ural Hijlory, N° 904.

3. Air in motion ; a frtiall gentle wind.

Ficrh guiles, and gentle airs,
Whifri!i'd it 10 the woods, and from their wiilgs
Hung rofer flung odours from the fpicy fhrub
Uilporting ! MUim't Par^ife Lojf, i, viii, /. 51 ;.

II 2 hM

A I R

But Cafe Kpofe, without an a'r of breath,
Dwell! here, and a dumb ^uict next to death.

Dryiien.
Let Tcmal «iVi through trnnbling ofiers pUy,
And Alhioa's diffi nfouod the rural lay.

Popt'i Pap-rah.

4. Scent ; vapour.

Stinl:s wh;ch the noftrilt ftraight abhor are not
the mull pcrnicluus, but fuch airi as have fu;iic
£miiituue with maii*» body ; and fo infinuatc
ihemicives, and betray the fpirlts. Bacon.

5. filaft ; peiljlential vapour.

All the ftur'd vengeances of heaven fall
On her ingtateful top ! ftrike her young bones,
You talcing atn, wlthlameners ! Sbak. KJitgLtar,

6. Any thing light or uncertain ; that is
as ?yght as air.

0 momentary grace of mortal men.

Which we more hunt for than tlie grace of God !
Vi'ho builds his hope in air of your far looks,
Lives like a drunken Tailor on a maft,
Ready with cv'ry nod to tuinblc down. "

Sbakffpeare's Rii hard 111.

7. The open weather ; air unconfined.

The garden was inci os'd within the fquare,
Where ycung Emilia took the morning air,

Diytlcns Fahls.

t. Vent ; utterance ; emiffion into the air.

1 would have alk*d yf>u, if I du; ft for Ihame,
If ftill you I iv'd ? you gave it air before me.
Bur ah ! why were we not both of a fcx ?

For then we might have lov'd without a crime.

Dryiien.

9. Publication ; expofure to the publick
view and knowledge.

I am forry to find it has taken air, that 1 have
fomc hand in thefe papers. Ptfe's Litttn.

10. Intelligence ; information. This is
not now in ufe.

It grew from the airt which the princes and
f^ates abroad received from their an)bairaJors and
agents here. iJ.;rt/>"j //.nry VI!.

It. MuAck, Vk'hether light or ferious ;
found ; air modulated.

This muCck crept by me upon the waters.
Allaying both their fury and my palTion,
With its fweet air. Sbiktjftart' i Tanfeji.

CaU in fome mufick ; I have hejrd, fofi airs
Can charm our fenfes, and expd our cares.

Doibiim'i Scply.
The fame airs, wh'ch fome entertain with ni;d
liclightful traniports, to others are importune.

Glanville's Sccpjts Scitntijtca.
Since we have fuch a trcafury of words fi
proper for the airs of mufick, I wonder that pcr-
fcns Ihould give fo Utile attention.

Mdifan, S/rflj/or, N" 406.
Borne on the fwelling note?, our fouls afpire.
While folemn «ir» improve the facrcd fire;
And angels lean from beav'n to hear !

Popis St. Cacilia.
—When the foul is funk with Cares,
Exalts her in enliv'ning airj.' Pefe't St.Cgecilia.

12. Poetry ; a fong.

The repeated air
Of fad Eleflra's poet had ihe powV
To fare th' Atheniao walla from ruin bare.

Paradife Rtgained.

13. The mien, or manner, of the perfon ;
the look.

Her graceful innocence, her ev'ry air,
Of geflure, orlcall a<3ian, over-aw'd
His malice. Millin's ParaJife Left.

For the air of youth
Hopeful and cheerful, in thy bl->od {hall reign
A melancholy damp of cold and dry.
To wcijh thy fpiriti down ; and lall confume
The balm of life. Mi/ton's Paradijr Lcjl.

But, having the life before us, brfides the ex-
perience of all they knew, it is no wonder to hit
fome airs and features, which they haie mined.
Drydcr. on DramalUk Pmuy,

A I R

Thfrt is fotnething wonderfully divine !n the
airs of this picture. Addijan on Italy.

Yet fliould the Graces all thy figures place.
And breathe an air divine on ev'ry face. Pope.

14. An affefted or laboured manner or
gellure ; as, a lofty air, a gay air.

Whom Ancus follows with a fawning <ii/ j
But vain within, and preuiily popular.

Drydtn's ^neid, vi.

There are of thefe fort of beauties, wliicb
la(f but for a moment ; as, the different <ii;i of
an aficmbly, upon the fight of an unexfecled and
uncommon objci>, fome particularity of a violent
palTion, fome graceful a(aion, a fmile, a glance of
an eye, a dilaainful look, a look of gravity, and a
thoufand other fuch like things.

Drydtn's Dnfrrfnoy.

Their whole lives were employed in intiigues ot
Bate, and they naturally give th'emfelves airs of
kings and princes, of which the minifters of other
nations ate only the rcprcfentatlves.

Mdijuns Remarks en Italy.
To curl their waving hairs,
Aflift their bli.flies, and infplrc their airs. Poft.

He afluTics and affefts an entire fet of very
diftVrent <iir« ; he conceives himfelf a being of a
fuperlour nature. S-wift.

15. Appearance.

As it was communicated with the <fir q{ a fe-
cret, it foon found its way into the world.

Pcpt's Ded. to Rape of the Loci.

16. [In horfemanlhip.] yiirs denote the
artificial or pradlil'ed motions of a ma
naged horfe. Chambers.

To Air. f. a. [from the noun/u'r.]

1. To expofe to the air; to open to the
air.

The others make it a matter of fmall com-
mendation in itfelf, if they, who wear it, di
nothing elfe but air the robes, which their place
requircth. Hooktr, b. v. § i,g.

Fleas breed principally of ftraw or mats, wh;rc
there bath been a little moillure, or the chamber
and b=d-ftraw kept cinfe, and n.t aired.

Bacons Natural hijlory, N" 696.

We have had, in our time, experience twice or
thrice, when both the' judges, that fat upon the
jail, and numbers of thjfe that attended the
bulinefs, or were prefcnt, (ickened upon it, and
died. Therefore, it wde good wifdom, that, in
fuch cafos, the jail were aired, before they were
brought forth. Bacon's Natural Hijiory, N" 9 1 4.

As the ants were airing their proviiions oik
winter, up comes a hungry grafsh^pper to them,
and begs a charity. L'EJirarge's Fables.

Or wicker-bailiets weave, or air the corn.

Drydens yirrH.

2. To gratify, by enjoying the open air,
with the reciprocal pronoun.

Nay, ftjy a little
Were you but" riding forth to air ycuifelf.
Such parting were too petty. Shakfjp. Cymhclinc.

I afcendeJ the higheft hills of Bagdat, in order
to pafs thcreflof thcday in meditation and prayer.
As I was here airing viyfdf on the tops of the
mountains, I fell into a profound contemplation
on the vanity of human life, j^ddif^n, Sje^at^r.

3. To air liquors ; to warm them by the
fire : a term u'cd in converfation.

4. To breed in ncfts. In this fenfe, it is
derived from aerie, a ncft. It is now out
of ufe.

You may adj their bufy, dangerous, difcour-
teous, yea and fometimes defpitetui ftcaling, one
from an 'thcr, of the eggs and young ones; who,
if they were allowed to air naturally anJ q ui t'j ,
there would be ftoie fufhcient, to kill not only the
pirtiidges, but even all the gu^d houfcwives
chickens in a country.

Carnv's Survey of Corwwalf.

A'i RBLADDER. n. f. [from air and blad-
der.\

A I R

1. Any cuticle or veficle filled with air.

The pulmonary artery and vein pafs along th«
furfaces of thefe airbladders, in an infinite num-
ber of ramifications. Arluibmi on Aliments,

2. The bladder in fifhes, by the contrac*
tion and dilatation of which, they vary
the properties of their weight to that of
their bulk, and rife or fall.

Though the airbt'aiidtr in fiihes fcemt necelTary
for fwimminj, yet fome are fo formed as to fwi-n
withf^ut it. Citdwcrtb,

A'iRBuiLT. at^. [from air and inild.]
fiuilt in the air, without any folid foun-
dation.

Hence the fool's paradife, the ftatefman'sfcheme.
The airbudt callle, and the golden dream.
The maid's rotnantick wilh, the chymill'i flame.
And poet's vifion of eternal fame.

Pope's Dunciad, h. iii.

Air-drawn, adj. [from o.'r and dra':Ln.'\
Drawn or painted in air : a word not
ufed.

This is tlie very painting of your fear.
This is the (i/>-</r<jw» dagger, which, you faid.
Led yoj to Duncan. Shakifp.' Mailietb*

A'i R E R . /;. / [from To air. ] He that cx-
pofes to the air.

A'i R HOLE. n. /, [from air and iJe/f.] A
hole to admit the air.

A'iriness. n. f. [from a/ry.]

1. Opennefs ; expofure to the air.

2. Lightnefs ; gaiety ; levity.

The French have indeed taken worthy pains to
make clafiick learning fpeak their language; if
they have not fucceeded, it muH be imputed to a
certain talkativencfs and airinefs reprcfented in
their tongue, which will never agree with the fe-
datenefi of the Romans, or the folemniry of th©
Greeks. f.-/»'.ii.

A'i RING. »./. [from (j/r-.] A fliort jour-
ney or ramble to enjoy the free air.

This lit le fleet fervcs only to fetch them wine
and corn, and to giie their ladies an airing in the
fummer feafon. Addikn,

A'lRLESs. adj. [from a/r.] Wanting
communication with the free air.

Nor ftony tower, nor walls of b-aten brafs.
Nor airfefs dungeon, nor Urong links of iron.
Can be retentive to the (Irength of fpirit.

Shakefpcare's yulius Cafar.
A'iRLlNC. n. /. [from air, iat gayety.'\
A young, light, ihoughtlefs, gay per-
fon.

Some more there be, flight airftngsi will be wo»
With dogs, and horfes, and perhaps a whore.

Sen yonfrn*

A'i R p u M P . n./. [from air and fumj>. ] A
machine by whofe means the air is ex-
hauited out of proper vefiels. The piin-
cipleon which it is built, is the elafti-
city of the air ; as that on which the wa-
terpump is founded, is on the gravity of
the air. The invention of this curious
inllrument is afcribed to Otto de Gue-
rick, conful of Migdebourg, in 1654.
But his machine laboured under feveral
defefls ; the force nectflary to work it
was very great, and the progrefs very
flow; it was to be kept under water,
and allowed of no change of fubjefts for
experiments. Mr. Boyle, with the af-
iiftance of Dr. Hi-oke, removed feve-
ral inconveniencies ; though, ftill, the
working w.is laborious, by reafon of the
prefi'ure of the atmofphere at every ex-
fuition. This labour has been fiace re-
moved

A I S

moved by Mr. Hawkfbce ; who, by
adding a fecond barrel and pifton, to
rile as the other fell, and fall as it rofe,
made the preflure of the atmofphere on
the delcending one, of as much fervice
as it was of diflervice in the afcending
one. Vream made a farther improve-
ment, by reducing the alternate motion
of the hand and winch to a circular
one. C ha fitters.

The air that, in rxhaurtcd rrcc!v;rs of airfuxj!,
a exhaled trom minerals, and fl :fli, and fruits,
and litjuois, is as true and genuine as to elafticit\
and dcniity, or ra^e-'aftitin, as that we refpire in ;
and yet this Udlitious air is I'o far fr:m being lit t ■
be breathed in, that it kills animals in a moment,
even fooner than the abfence of air, or a vacuum
itfelf. BtntUy.

A'iRSHAPT. tt.f. [from air zxii Jhaft.']
A palTage for the air into mines and
fubterraneous places.

By tiie finking of an ai^jhajt-t the air ha'h 1'-
berty to circulite, and carry ouc the fteams both o(
the miners b'cath and the damps, which w^uld
otherwifc ftagnate there. Hay

A'lRV. adj. [from a/r ; rrV^ar, Lat.]

1. Compoled of air.

Tlie liiil i. th; tranfniiflion, or eirifTun.of the
tliinner and more a\ry parts of bod.cs ; as, in
odours ar.d infe^ions ; and this is, oi all the ref),
the moft corporeal. Boc'>n

2. Relating to the air; belonging to the
air.

There are fiOies that have wings, that are no
ftrangers to the a'uj region. Boyli.

3. High in air.

Wnole rivers hee forfalce the fields below,
\Anci, wond'ring at their height, through a>y chan-
nels fl .W. Mdij'M.

4. Open to the free air.

Joy'd to tai'ge abroad in frrfli attire
Thro' the wide C'<mpafs of the try coaft. Sfmftr.

5. Light as air ; thin ; unfubftaotial ;

without folidity.

I bold ambition of fo a'lry and light a quality,

that it is but a fliadow's Aiacow. Shaiiff. Hatr.Ut.

Still may the dog the wa:id'ri->g troops conftrain

Oi airy ghoHs, and vex the guilty train. Dryd^n.

6. Wanting reality ; having no fteady
foandatioa in truth or nature ; vain ;
trifling.

Nor think with wind
Of airy threats to aw.-, whom yet with deeds
ThOK cnn'll not. Mifuri ParjJi/t Liji.

Kor (to avoid fuch meannefs) foaring high,
With empty found, and tirj notions, fly.

1 have friund a complaint concerning the Tea. city
of money, which nccaiijnei many a\ry pr-ipofitions
for the reme 'y of it. Ttmplt 1 Mijcellamrs.

7. Fluttering ; loofe ; as if to catch the
air ; full 01 levity.

The painters draw their nymphs in thin and
sirj h.ibic9; but tlie weight of gold and of embroi-
deries is reieneJ fjr queens and goddeffes. Drydtn,

By this name of ladies, he mea.ns all younj
pe fon^, flendcr, finely {haped, airy^ and delit ate :
fuch as aie rymplis n^ NaVids. /Jry./m.

8. Gay; fprightly; full of mirth; viva-
cious; lively; Ipiritcd ; light of heart.

He tr jt .1 merry and airy at Ih-rc wh?n he tees
a fad lempeil on the (ea, or dances when Cod
thuhders from heaven, regards not when G ^d
fpeaks to a I thi- world. Taylor.

Ai»i. E. n.f. [Thus the word ii written by
Addifot), but perhaps improperly ; iince
it feems dcducil'le only Irom, either a/7?,
a wing, or aliir, a path, and !<; there-
fore to be written aile.^ The walks in
a church, or wings of a ^uire.

ALA

The abbey !s by no means fo magnificent as on*
would rxped from its endowments. The church
is one huge nef, with a double a':fii to it ; and, at
each end, is a large quite. Jlddlfon,

Ait, or Eyght. a. /. [fuppofed, by
Skinner, to be corrupted from ijlct.^ A
fmall idand in a river.

AJUTAGE, n.f. [njutage, Fr.] An ad-
ditional pipe to water-works. Di^.

To Ake. 1). >i. [from a-x^, Gr. and
therefore more grammatically written

1. To feel a lafting pain, generally of the
internal pirts ; diilinguilhed from fmart,
which is commonly ufed of uneafinefs in
the external parts ; but this is no accu-
rate account.

To fue, and be deny'd, fuch common grace.
My wounds ake at yru ! Slaktf^eare.

Let our finger ake, and it endues
Our other hi-althful membeis with a fenfe
Of pain. Shahefpfort.

Wcicthe pleafure of drinking accompaneti, th-
very moment, with that fr k ftomach and ak'iig
hcaJ, which, in Lmc men, are fuie to f Uow, 1
think no body would ever let wine touch his lips.

hocke.

His limbs muft tie, with daily toils oppreft,
Ere long-wilh'd night brings neceflary reft. Frior.

2. It is frequently applied, in an impro-
per fenfe, to the heart ; as, the heart
ake! ; to imply grief or fear. Skake-
fpeare has uled it, ilill more licentioufly,
of the foul.

My foul a\n
To know, when two authorities are up.
Neither fupreme, how fo'jn confufi^^n
May enter. Staiifp, Ccrhlartis.

Here fliame difTuades him, thcie his rear prevails,
And each, by turns, his aiirg heart aHails.

Add!fiii.
Aki'n. adj. [from <T and i/».]

1. Related to; allied by blood: ufed of
perfons.

1 do not envy thee, Pamela ; only T wi/h, that
being thy liRcr in nature, I were not fo far oCf air
in fortune. Sidney,

2. Allied to by nature ; partaking of the
fame properties : ufed of things.

The cankered paDion of envy is nothing ak'm to
the fiirj^envy of the afs. I/EJirargis I'aiiht.

Some limbs ag-^n in bulk or itature
Unlike, and not akin by natuie.
In corccft aS, like modern iiiends,
Becaufe one fcrvcs the other's ends. Prior.
He feparates it from qucAionswltlr which it may
have been compiicated, and diflingu.Oies it from
queilions which m-iy be akin to it.

H''atrs's Irfproi-emfrf of tbe Afird.
Al, Attle, Adi.e, do all feem to be
corruptions of the Saxon My^i, naile,
famous ; as alio, Ailing and Aultng, arc
corruptions of iEpehnj. noble, jflendid,
fumous.

Al, Aid, being initials, are derived
from the Saxon Kalb, ancient ; and fo,
oftentimes, the i:iitial all, being melted
by the Normans from the Saxon ealb.

Gibjcn s Camden,
A'laeaster. n.f. [iiA«ti?arto».] A kind
of foft marble, ealicr to cut, and Icfs
durable, than the other kinds ; fome is
white, which is moll common ; fome of
the colour of horn, and tranfpa-ent ;
fome yellow, like honey, marked with
veins. The ancients ulcd it to make
boxes for perfumes. Savarj,

ALA

"Vet I'll not (hed her blood.
Nor fear that whiter Ikin of hers than fnow.
And fmooth as monumental alahaficr. ShaLefpt

A'l A B A s T E R . adj. Made of alabailer.

1 cannot forbear mentioning pai t of an atabufitr
column, found in-the ruins of Livias portico. It
is of the colour of fire, and may be leen over the
high altar of St. Matia in Canipitello; for they have
cut it into two pieces, and fixed ir, in the rt-.ipe
of a cnls, in a hole of the wall; fo that theiiglit
palling through it, makes it look, to thofe^ in tha
church, like a huge tranfparent ctofs of artibcr.

Addifon on I'aly.

Ala'ck. interjea. [This word feems only
the corruption of fl/aj.] Alas; an ex-
preffion of forrow.

A'.aik I when once our grace we have forgot.
Nothing goes right ; we would, ap.d we would not.
Shakefp.,,Meafure for Meajurt,
At thunder now no more 1 ftart,
Than at the rumbling of a cart :
N.ty, what 's incred"ble, alack!
I hardly hear a woman's clack. Sivifi'

Ala'ck A DAY. interjsiiion. [This, like
the former, is for alas the day.'\ A word
noting forrow and melancholy.

Al a'criously. ad'v. [from alacrious,
fuppofed to be formed from alacris ; but
oi alacrious I have found no example.]
Cheerfully ; without dejeftion.

Epaminondas olacr^onjly expired, in confidi-nce
that he left behind him a perpetual memory of the
viftories he had achieved f r his country.

Co-utnmtr.t of tie Tongue,

Ala'crity. »./ [alacritas, Lat.] Cheer-
fulnefs, exprefltd by fome outward to-
ken ; fprightlinefs ; gayety ; livelinefs ;
cheerful willingnefs.

Thelc orders Wire, on all fides, yielded unto
with no Iffs a/acriiy of mind, than cities, unable
to hold outany longer, are wont to (hew when they
take cond tioos, fuch as it likcth him to offer
them, which hath them in the narrow ftraits of
advantage. . Hi/ohr,

Give me a bowl of wine ;
I h.ive not that alacrity of fpirit.
Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.

Sbakefpeare,

He, gind that now his fea Ihould find a Ibore,
Witji frefli alacrity, and force renew'd.
Springs upward. Milton' i Paradift Lofl,

Never did men morejoyfulh obey.
Or fooner underftord the fign to fly :

With fuch ahirriiy ihey bore away.
As if, to praile thcin, all the dates ilood by.

Drydcn.

ALAMI'RE. n. f. The loweft note but
one in Guido Aretine's fcalc of niufick.

Alamo'de. adv. [a la mode, Fr.] Ac-
cordino; to the fafhion : a low word. It
is uffd likewife by (hopkeepers for a kind
of thin filken manufacture.

Ala'nd. ad'v. [from a for at, and land."]
At land; landed; on the-dry ground.

I'e only, with the prince his c -ufin, were caft
aland, far ( ff from the place whither their dufires
would have guided ihent. Sidnry,

Three more fierce Eurus, in his anqiy mood,
Dafli'd on the thallows of the m' ving fand,
And, in iriid ocean, left them moor'd aland.

Drydin^

.ALA'RM. n.f. [from the French a I'arme,
to arms ; as, crier a I'arme, to call to
arms.]
I. A cry by which men are fummoned to
their arms ; as, at the approach of an
enemy.

When the congregation is to be gathered toge-
ther, you (hall blow, but you (hall not found an
alarm, Humbert

Co4

' TJod faimfcif is with ns for our cjptiin, anj h 3 ■
friertj with founding trumpets, to cry jlam
(gainft you. zCkron. xiii. iz.

The trumpett loud cUngour

Excites us to armSy
Wiih thrill notts of ang«r.

And mortal alarmi. Drjilcr.

Taught by this llrolcc, renounce the wars alaras.
And leain to trembie at the name of arms.

f c,Wj Iliad.

<■ A cry, or notice, of any danger ap-
proaching ; as, an r.!arm of fire.
3. Any tumult or difturbance.

Crowds of rivals, for thy mother's chirms,
Tliy r»Uc« fill with iafuiti and aJarmi.

Faft's Oihj[<y.
To Ala'r m. c. a. [from aJurm, the noun.]
J. To call to arms,

J. To dillurb ; as, with the approach of
an enemy.

The waip the liivc alarms
With louder hums, and with uiiequ^l arms.

3. To furprife with the apprehenfion of
any danger.

When rage mifguides me, or when fear alarms,
When pain diiiretTes, or when- pleafure charms.

Tickill.
4- To difturb in general.

His fon, Cupavo, brufti'd the briny Aood j
• Upon his ftern a brawny Centaur ilood,
Who heav'd a rock, and threat'ning ftill to throw, |
With lilted hinds, «/j7rmV the feas below. Drydcti.
Ala'rmbell. a.y. [from alarm and ^^//.]
The bell that is rung at the approach of
an enemy.

Th' alarmhrll rings from our Alhambra walls,
And, from the ftreets, found drums and atabillcs.

DrydetJ.

Ala rmikg. particip, aefj. [from, alarm. "l

Terrifying ; awakening ; furprifing ;

as, an alarming melTage ; an alarming

pain.
Ala'rmpost. n.f. [from fl/«rOT and /5/?.]

The poll or place appointed to each body

of men to appear at, when an alarm

thall happen.
Ala'rum. «./ [corrupted, as it feems,

f torn alarm. See Alarm.]
Now are our brows bound with vi^orious wreaths,

Our bruifed arms hung up for monuments,

Our ftern a/arums chang'd to merry meetings.

Sl'ake/pcari.
That Almatro might better bear,

She fcts a drum at cither car j

And loud or gentle, harlh or fwect,

Are but th' aUnims which th^y bear. frier.

To Ala'rum. 'v. a. [corrupted from 7c
alarm.l See Alarm.

Withered murder
(Ahrum'ii by his fentinel the wr'lf,
Whofe howl's his watch} thus with his ftealthy pace
Moves like a ghoft. Sbntefpeare.

Ala's, intcrjea. \helau Vr.eylaes, Dutch.]
J. A word expreffing lamentation, when
we ufe it of ourfelves.

But yet, alatl O but yet, n/jt .' our haps be but
hard hapi. Sidney.

jilas) h iw little from the grave we claim !
"Thou but preferv'ft a form, and I a name. Fife.

2. A word of pity, when ufed of other per-
fons.

''ytLt ! poor Ptothelis, thou haft entertain'd
A fox to be the (hepherd of thy lambs. Staitff.

3. A w6rd of forrow and concern, when
ufed- of things.

Thus faith the Lord God, Smite with thine
h*nii,.and P«mp with thy foot, and fay, Alas !
Ivf ail tlK evil abominations of tke houfe of Il'racl.

£w/l;V.

A L C

jVas ! both for tke deed, ani for the caufc !

yl/as ! for pity of this bloody field 5
Piteous indeed muft be, when I, a fpirit.
Can have fj foft a fenfe of human woes. Drydm.

Alas THE DAY. iiitcrjeS. Ai, unhappy
day !

Al<i. lie day ! I never gave him caufe. Utaktff.

Alas a day ! you have ruined my poor miil.ivs :

you have made a pap in her reputation ; and can

you blame her, if flie make it up with her hulbar.d >

Congrtvi.
Alas the while. interjeS, Ah! un-
happy time I

AH as :he Ihcep, fuch was the flicpherd's lode ;
For pale and wan he was (a!as tbt ivhile 1}
May fecm he lov'd, or eile fame care he conk.

Hferfir.

Ala'te. aJv. [from a and /«»/*.] Lately;
no long time ago.

Alb. n.f. [album, Lat.] A furpHce ; a
white linen veftment worn by priefts.

Albe. lad-v. [a coalition of the words

Albe'it. J all be it fo. Skinner. '\ Al-
though ; notwithllaiiding ; though it
(hould be.

Ne wou'd he fuffer fleep once thitherward
App'roach, aihc his drowfy den Was next. Sptnfir.

I'his very thing is caufe I'ufficient, why duties
belonging to each kind of virtue, alleit the law of
«afon teach them, Ihould, notwithftandirg, be
prefcribcd even by human law. Hooker.

One whofe eyes.
Albeit unufed to the melting mood.
Drop tears, as fa(^ as the Arabian trees
Their medicinal gum. Shaltffcart.

He, who has a probable belief that he fliall
meet with thieves in fuch a road, thinks himll'll
to have reafon enough to decline it, albeit he is fure
to fuftain fome lefs, though yet confiderable, in-
convenience by his fo doing. Scjih's Sermons.

Albug i'neous. atij. [albugo, Lat.] Re-
fembling the white of an egg.
£ggs will freeze in the albuginou! part thereof.

Brvwn^s Vulgar Errours.

I opened it by incifion, giving vent firft to an

albugineouSt then to white concofted matter*, upon

which the tumour funk. ff^feman^s Surgery.

JLBU'GO. »./. [Lat.] A difeafe in the
eye, by which the cornea contrafts a
whitenefs. The fame with leucoma.

A'lburn colour, n.f. See Auburn.

A'lcahest. n.f. An Arabick word, to
exprefs an univerfal diflblve:it, pretend-
ed to by Paracclfus and Helmont.

^incy.

Alca'id. n. f. [from al, Arab, at.d
npnp, the head.]

1. In Barbary, the governour of a callle.

Th* alcaid
Shuns me, and, with a grim civility.
Bows, and declines mv wsiks. Drydtr.

2. In Spain, the judge of a city, firft
inltituted by the Saracens. Du Came.

ALCANNA, n. f. An Egyptian plant
ufed in dying ; the leaves making a
yellow, infufed in water, and a red in
acid liquors.

The root oi alcanna, though green, will give a red
ilaiii. Brtiuns ^u.'gjr Errcnrs.

Alch v'mical. ar^'. [from alcbymy-l Re-
lating to alchymy ; produced by al-
chymy.

The rofe-n:ible, then current for (ix (hilling-
and eight pence, the alchymifts do afBrm as ar.
unwritten verity, wis made by pr'.je."1ion ■ r mul
tiplicati rt alehymial of Rajmond Lully in the
tovcr ot Lundon. Camden's Rentins.

A L C

Aicny'intCALLY. aJv. [from a/ciy.
rmcal.] In the mannerof an alchymift j
by means cf alchymy.
Kaymond Lully would prove it elchymically.

CamJau

A'lchtmist. n.f. [from alchymy.'] One
who purfues or profeiTes the fcience of
alchymy.

'lo lolemnize this day, the glorious fun
Stays in his c urfe, and fUyithealcbymifl,
Turning, with fplcnduur of his precious eye.
The meagre cloddy earth to glittering gold.

• Siake/f. Ki'!g Jstr.

Every alebymijt knows, that gold will endure
» vehement fire fir a long time without a^y
change ; and after it has been divided by corrofive
liquors into inviftble parts, yet may prefently be
prcipitated, fo as to appear in its ov.n form.

Grevj.

A'LCHYMY. »./. [of al, Arab, and

1. The more fublime and occult pan of
chymiltry, which propofes for its objecl
the tranfmutation of metals, and other
important operations.

There' is nothing more dangerous than thit
deluding art, which changeth the meaning of
wjids, as alclymy doth, or would do, the fuB-
ftance of metals ; maketh of any thing what it
lideth, and bringeth, in the end, all truth to no.
thing. Hakcr,

O he fits high in all the people's hearts;
An* that which would appear offence in u>>
His countenance, like richtft alchymy.
Will change to virtue and to worthincfs.

Sta.keff. yulius Cxjar.
Compared to this.
All honour's mimick, all wealth akhyny.

Donnit

2. A kind of mixed metal ufed for fpoons,
and kitchen utenfils.

White alchymy is made of pan-braft one pound,
and arfenicum three ounces ; or alclypy is made
of copper and auripigmentum.

Baccn's Phyjiial Rtmaiiilm
They bid cry.
With trumpets regal found, the great refult;
Tow'rds the four winds, four fpeedy cherubimt
Put to their mbuths the founding alchymy,
By herald's voice explain'd. Milton's Paradife Lrjt,

A'LCOHOL. n. /. An Arabick term
ufed by chymifts for a high rciflified
dephlegmated fpirit of wine, or for any
thing reduced into an impalpable pow-
der, ^incy.
If the fame fa't (hall be reduced into alcohol,
as the chjmifta fpcak, or an impalpable powtler,
the particles a. id intercepted fpaces will be ex-
tremely Icfl'ened. Br.yle,
Sal V ilatile oleofum will coagulate the feruni on
account ot the alcjbtl, or rectified fpirit which it
contairs". Arbutbmrt*

Alcoholika'tion. n.f. [from alcoho-
lia/.] The att of alcoholizing or rec-
tifying fpirits ; or of reducing bodies
to an impalpable powder.

-r» A'lcoholize. v. a. [from alcohol.']

1 . To make an alcohol ; that is, to rec-
tify fpirits till they are wholly dcphlegv
mated.

2. To comminute powder till it is wholly
without rough ne(s.

A'lcOran. ti. /. [al and ioran, Arab.]
The' book oi the Mahometan precept*
and crcdenda.

It this W3uld fatisfy the confcience, we might
not only take the prefent covcnmt, but fubfcr^be
to the cojni.il of Trent; yen, and 10 the Turkilh
olctran -J and-fwcar to maintain and defend cither
of them. SauTidtrJcn agairj} the Covcnat:t*

Alco'vb.

ALE

A- LIE

A t E

Alco've. »./. [ahoba. Span.] A recefs,
or part of a chamber, feparated by an
ellrade, or partition, and other corre-
fpoudenccrnaments ; in which is placed
a bed of ilate, and ibmetimes feats to
entertain company. Trenjoux.

The weary'd champion lulfd in fofc a/ccves.
The n^biefl boaft of thy rom^it cJc groves.
Oft. if the mufe prcfage, tliall he bs feen
By Roiam- nda fle»-ting o'er the green.
In dreams be haU'd by heroes' nii|hty Hiades,
A^ul hear old Ciiaucer warble through the glades.

Tiikcli.
Deep in a rich alcove the prince was laid,
And fiept beneath the pompous colonr^aJe.

Pofe't Odify.
A'lder,//, / [fl/m//, Lat.] A tree hav-
ing leaves reiembling thofe of the ha-
zel ; the male flowers, or katkins, are
produced at remote diilances fiora the
fruit, on the fame tree ; the fruit is
I fquamofe, and of a conical figure. The
fpecies are, i. Tiie common or round-
leaved ij/rftr. 2. Tlie long-leaved «/atr.
3. The fcarlet aUfr. Thefe trees de-
light in a very moift foil. The wood is
ufed by turners, and will endure long
under ground, or in water. M.ller.

Without the gror, a various fylvan fcene
Appear'd arounj, a .d groves of living green j
Popiars and aldcri e-cr quivering play'd.
And nodding cypreft torm'd a fragrant (hade.

PoT^c'i Odyjfy.

Alderli'evest. adj.fuferl. [from «/^,
aUer, old, elder, and litve, dear, be-
loved.] Molt beloved ; which has held
the longed poiTeflion of the heart.

The mutual conference that my mind hath had,
In courtly company, or at my beads,
With you, mine alderliniji fovereign.
Makes me the bolder. Shaitff. Humy VI. p. ii.

A'lderman. ». /. [from aU, old, and
man. ]

1. The fame as fenator, Conuell. A go-
vernour or magiftrate, originally, as
the name imports, chofen on account
of the experience which his age had gi-
ven him.

Tell him, myieJf, the mayor, and pljirmen.
Are come to have fome eonrrence with his trace.

Shakrfpeare,
Though my own aUirmtn conferr'd my bays.
To me committing their eternal praife ;
Their full-fed heroes, their pacifi.k may'rs.
Their annual trophies, and their monthly wars.

Fo[te*l Dunciad,

1. In the following paflage it is, I think,
improperly ufed.

But if the t:umi>et's clangour you abhor,-
And dare not be an a/dfrmart of war.
Take to a dsop, behind a counter lie.

Dry J. yuvi Sii:-
A'ldep. MANLY. a//v. [from a/a'erman.]
Like an alderman ; belonging to an
alderman.

Thefe, and many more, fuffcred death, in envy
to their virtues and fuperiout genius, which em-
boldened them, in exigencies (wan:ing an n/i^rr-
manlf dif.retion) to attempt fervlce out of the
cum.non forms. Sw/i'i MifccU^nlet.

A'ldern. adj. [from aJdir.'[ Made of
alder.
Then aJ!tr» boau firft plow'd the ocean.
. . _ May't firm/.

ALE. «./ [eal«r, Sax.]
I. A liquor made by infufing malt in
9

hot water, and then fermenting the li-
quor.

You mud be feeing chriftenings. Do you look
for ale and cakes here, you rude rafcals ?

Sh,xiejpeare's Henry VIII.
The fertility of the foil in grjin, and its being
not proper for vines, put th^ Egyptians upon drink-
ing ale, of which they were the inventors.

jirbuihrsi.

2. A merry-meeting ufed in country
places.

And aU the neighbourhood, from old records
Of antick proverbs drawn from Whirfon lords.
And their authorities at wakes and a'cs.
With country precedents, and uld wives tales.
We bring you now. Ben '^anjoti.

A'leberry. n. f. [from alt and berry.']
A beverage made by boiling ale with
fpice and fugar, and fops of bread : a
word now only ufed in converfation.
Their altberriny cawdles, poflets, each one,
Syllibubs made at the milking pale.
But what are compofed of a pot of good ale.

B^numont.
A'le-brewer. n./. [from a/tr and ^;vw-
^r.] One that profefles to brew ale.

The fummer-made mak "brews ill, and is dif
liked by moft of our ali-hrewcrs.

AP^ri'imer^ s llujhandty.
A'i.econner. n.f. [from alt and con.']
An officer in the city of London, whofe
bafineis is to infpeft the ir.eaiures of
publick houfes. Four of them are cho-
fen or rechofen annually by the com-
mon-hall of the city ; and, whatever
might be their ufe formerly, their places
are now regarded only as iinecares for
decayed citizens.
A'LECosr. i/.f. [perhaps from ale, and
cojius, Lat.] The name of an herb.

Dia.

Ale'ctryomancy, or Ale'ctoro-

MANCY. n. f. [<iXjx1^t/»iir and fiiilxc,.]

Divination by a cock. Dia.

A'lecar. n. f. [from ale and eager,

four.] Sour ale ; a kind of acid made

by ale, as vinegar by wine, which has

loft its fpirit.

A'troER. adj. \allegre, Fr. alacrii, Lat.]

Gay ; chearful ; fprightly : a word not

now ufed.

Coffee, the root and leaf betle, and leaf tobacco.
of which the Turks are great takers, do all cin-
dcnfe the Ipirits, and make them (Irong and ale-
Z>r. D^ccn's Natural Hi/lory.

A'lehoo^. a. /. [from ale and hoopb,
head.] Grojndivy, fo called by our
Saxon anceftors, as being their chief in-
gredient in ale. An herb.

yiUhvif, or groundlvy, is, in my opinion, of
the molt excellent and moft g"ner.il ufe and vir-
tue, of any plants we have amon^ us. Temple.

A'i.ehouse. n. f. [from aU and hcufe.]
A houfe where ale is publickly fold ;
a tipling-houff. It is diftinguiflicd from
a tavern,, where they fell wine.

Thou tnoitijeauteous inn.
Why (hould hard-fav /ur'd grief bs lodg'd in thee,
.When triumph is become an aUhcufe gueft ?

Sbakeffeart
One would think it (hould be no eafy matter to
bring any nun of fenfc in love with an alehnnfe;
indeed of f • much fenfc as feeing and fm-'-ling
am-'u'tj to i there bcin^ fuch ftron^ encounters of
bo- 1, as would quickly lend him packing, did not
the ovf of good fdiowihip reconcile to thefe

nuifascu*.

StKlt.

Ti-.ec /Kail each alcboafe, thee each jilHioufe-
mourn,
And anfw'riiig ginlhops fourer Cghs return. Pope,
A'lehouse-keeper. ». f. [from ale-
houj'e and keeper.'] He that keeps ale-
publickly to fell.

Vou refemble perfectly the tva aLhoufe-heperi
in Holland, who were at the fame time burgo-
raailers of the town, and taxed one anotiicr's biUu
alcernaiely. Letter to Stuif;.

A'leknight.»./. [from ale and knight. ]
A pot- companion ; a tippler; a word,
now out of ufe.

The old aUli..:ghts of England were well de-
pair.ted by Hanville, in the alehoufe-colours of
that time. Cumd^r..

Ale'mbick. n.f. A veffel ufed in diftil-
ling, confiding of a veli'el placed over .
a fire, in which is contained the fub-
ftance to be diftilled, and a concave-
cjofely fitted on, into which the fumes
arife by the heat ; this cover has a beak
or fpout, into which the vapours rile,
and by which they pafs into a ferpen-
tine pipe, which is kept cool by making
many convolutions in a tub of water;
here the vapours are condenfed, and
wjiat entered the pipe in. fumes, comes
out in drops.

Though water may be rarefied into invifible
valours, yet it is not changed into air, hut only
fcattered into minute parts j which meeting toge-
ther in the aUmhkk, or in the receiver, do pre-
feiwly return into fuch water as they conftitiHcJ
before. Beyle.

-Ale'kcth. ad'v. [from a for at, and'
Ungth.] At full length ; along; llretched-
along the ground.

ALE'RT. adj, [alerte, Er. perhaps from
alacris, but probably from a I'art, ac-
cording to art or rule.]

1. In the military fenfe, on guard ; watch-
ful ; vigilant ; ready at a call.

2. In the common fenfe, bri£k ; pert ; pe-
tulant ; fmart ; implying fome degree
of c^fuie and contempt.

I ii\*i an alert young fellow, that cocked his
hat upon a friend of his, and accoftcd him.
Well, Jack,, the oIJ prig is dead at laft.

Addijon, SpeHator.
Ale'rtnes*. n.f. [from o/er/.] The.
quality of being alert ; fprightlinefs ;.
pertnefs.

That altrtnifi and unconcern for matters of
common life, 9 campaign or two would infallibly
have given Uim. - Add-Jm, SpeBaicr.

A'i.etaster. n.f. [from «/? and C/T/^^r.]:
An officer appointed in every court leet,,
and fworn to lock to the affiztrand the
goodnefs of bread and ale, or beer,
within the precinds of that lordfhip.

Coiuell. ■
A'levat. n.f. [from fl/« and -yij/.] The-

tub in which the ale is fermented.

A'lew. n.f. Clamour; outa-y. Not in.

^ufe. • Spoi/ei-.

A'lbwashed. adj. [from ale and wa/*.]

Steeped or foaked in ale : not now in.

ufe.

What a beard of the general's cut, and a horrid
fult of the camp, will do atn>ng foaming batties
and alctoajhed wits, is wonderful to hi thought
on- Hbakeffeare..

A'lewife. n.f. [from rt/f and zi-//^.] A.
woman that keeps an alchonfe.

Eerhap«<

A L G

Perl>»;>i he will fwaggeranj heOor, «nd threaten

to bcK »iiJ butcher an alivi'.ft, or take the goods

by force, and throw them do»™ the bad halfpence.

Swift's Drjfer's Ltiten.

A'lcxakders. tt. f. [fmjrnium, Lat.]
The name of a plant.

A'lexander's-foot. «./. The name
of an herb.

Alexa'ndrine. n.f. A kind of verfe
borrowed from the French, firft ufed in
« poem called Alexander. They conEft,
among the French, of twelve and thir-
teen fyllables, in alternate couplets ;
and, among us, of twelve.

Our numbers (hould, for the moft part, be
lyrical. For variety, or rather where the majefty
61 thought requires it, they may be ft.ctthed to
the Engl) Si heioic of five feet, and to the French
A'-ixandrm of fix. Dryicn.

Then, at the lad and only couplet, fraught
With fome unmeaning thing they call a thought,
A necdlefs A'.^-itanir.tie ends the fong.
That, like a wounded fnake, drags its flow length
along. Pifis Ejfay on Criikijm.

Alexipha'rmick. adj. [from a.^l|/l■ and
^o^^axor.] That which drives away
poilbn ; antidotal ; that which oppofes
mfciftion.

Some antidotal quality it may have, fince not

only the bone in the heart, but the horn o( a deer

is a/exifbarmick. Brown's Vulgar Errmrs.

-AuEXITe'rICAL, or ALEXITE'RICK.a<^'.

[from aXi^i'i'.] That which drives away
poifon ; that which refills fevers.
A'lcates. adv. [^irom all znA gate. Skin-
xer. Gate is the fame as 'via ; and ftill
ufed for way in the Scottifh dialed.] On
any terms ; every way : now obfo-
lete.

Nor had the hoafter ever rifen more.
But thit Renaldo's horfc cv'n then down fell,
And with the fall his leg opp/ef^'d i'o fy:;e,
•That, for a fpacc, there muft he algata dweil.

Fairfax,

A'LGEERA. n.f. [an Arabic word of
uncertain etymology ; derived, by fome,
from Gchcr the philc'.bpher ; by ferae,
from gtfr, parchment ; by others, from
algehijla, a bonefetter ; by Menage, from
algiabarat , the reftitution of things bro-
ken. ] A peculiar kind of arithmetick,
which takes the quantity fought, whe-
ther it be a number or a line, or any
other quantity, as if it were granted,
and, by means of one or more quanti-
ties given, proceeds by confequence,
till the quantity at firft only fuppofed to
be known, or at leaft fome power there-
of, is found to be equal to fome quantity
or quantities which are known, and con-
fcquently itfelf is known. This art was
in ufe among the Arabs, long before
it came into this part of the world ; and
they are fuppofed to have borrowed it
from the Pcrfians, and the Perfians from
the Indians. The firft Greek author of
algebra was Diophantus, who, about the
year 800, wrote thirteen books. In
1494, Lucas Pacciolus, or Lucas de-
Burgos, a cordelier, printed a treatife
of algebra, in Italian, at Venice. He
fays, that algebra came originally from
the Arabs. After feveral improvements
by Victa, Oughtred, Harriot, Defcartes,

A L I

Sir Ifaac Newton brought thi« art to
the height at which it ftill continues.

Trevoux. Chambers.

It would furely require no very profound Ikill in

al^iha, to reduce the ditTerence of ninepence in

thirty (hillings. Svii/t.

A L C E B R a'i C K . l . jf^^^ J^.ira.]

Algebra ical. J -^ >■ •* ■*

1. Relating to algebra ; zs,^a algebraical
treatife.

2. Containing operations of algebra; as,
an algebraical computation.

Alcebra'ist. n.f. [from algebra.] A
perfon that underftands or praftifes the
fcience of algebra.

When any dead body is found in England,
no algeiraift or unciphertr can ufe more fubtl:
fuppofitions, to find the demonftratlon or cipher,
than every unconcerned perfon dDth to find the
murderers. Craum's Bills cf Mortality.

Confining themfelves to the fynthctitk and ana-
lytick methods of geometricians and algehraiJIs,
they have too much narrowed the rules of method,
as though every thing were to be treated in mathe-
matical forms. fVatts's L:gici.

A'hGUy.adj. [fl/^/Vw,Lat.] Cold; chill.

Dia.

Aloi'dity. In./, [from a/^(V.] Chil-

A'lcidness. 5 nefs ; cold. Dia.

AhGi'ric. adj. [from fl^or, Lat.] That
which produces cold. Di3.

jfLGOR. n.f. [Lat.] Extreme cold;
chilnefs. Dia.

A'i. COR ISM. I"'/ Arabick words,

A'lgorithm. J which are ufed to im-
ply the fix operations of arithmetick, or
the fcience of numbers. Dia.

Ai.Go'sE. adj. [from algor, Lat.] Ex-
tremely cold ; chill. . Dia.

A' LI AS. ad'v. A Latin wo.-d,'fignifying
othernulje ; often ufed in the trials of
criminals, whofe danger has obliged
them to change their names ; as, Sim-
(on, alias Sm\x.h„^lias Baker; that is,
othernvife Smith, elhcrtxije Baker.

A'lible. adj. [a/;^y//V, Lat.] Nutritive;
nourifhing ; or that which may be nou-
rifhed. Dia.

A'LIEN. adj. {alicnus, Lat.]

1. Foreign, or not of the fame family or
land.

The m.ither plant admires the leaves unknown
Of aVttn trees, and apples not her own. Drydtn.

From native f)!!
F.»ird by fate, torn from the tender'em brace
Of his young guilttcfs pr^^geny, he feeks
In^^l-rious fhelter in an alien land. Vhit.ft.

2. Eftranged from; not allied to; ad-
verfe to: with the particle yrawi, and
fometimes to, but improperly.

To declare my mind to the difciples of the
fire, by afimilitude not alien from their profefiion.

Bcylt.
The fentiment that a'ifes, is a conviction of
the deplorable ftatc of nature, to which fin re-
duced us j a weak, ignorant creature, alien from
Cod and goodnefs, and a prey to tlie great de-
- ftrorer. Rogers's Sermons.

They encouraged pcrfons and principles, alien
/rem our religion and governmeit, in order to
ftre.ngthen their faftion. Swift's Mifcellanies.

A'liek. n.f. [alienus, Lat.]
I. A foreigner; not a denifon ; a man
of another country or family ; one not
allied ; a ftranger.

A L I

In wbomfoever thefe things are, the church
doth acknowledge tliem for her childnn ; them
only (he holdeth for aliens and (Irangers in whom
thefe things are not found. Htoiert

If it be provM againft an alietif
He feeks the life of any citizen.
The party, 'gainft the which he doth contrive,
Shall feiae on half his goods.

Shaiejf. Merch. ofVeitUe,

The mere Iri(h were not only accounted alitns,
but enemies, fo as it was no capital ofience to kill
them. Sir fobn Dai'ies on Ireland*

Thy place in council thou halt ruJely lol^.
Which by thy younger brother is fupplyM,
And art almolt an alien to the hearts
Of all the court and princes oi my blo'>d.

SbcUjiure,

The lawgiver condemned the perfons, who fat
idle in divifr>ns dangerous to the government, aa
ali'ns to tlie community, and theirfore to be cut
off from it. Addi)on, Frtebolicr.

2. In law.

An alien is one born in a (Grange country, and >
never enfrancliifed. A man b.'>m out of the land,
fn it be within the limiu beyond the fcas, or of
Englifh parents out of the k'ug's obedience, fo
the parents, at the time of the birth, be of the
king's obedience, is not ahen. If one, born out
of the king's allegiance, cume and dwell in Eng-
land, his children (if he beget any here) are not
aliens, but dcnifons. CtTr*//.

To A'n E N . -t;. a. [aliener, Fr. alieno, Lat.]

1. To make any thing the property of an-
other.

If the fona/iflt lands, and then repurchals them
again in fee, the rules of defcents are to be ob-
ferved, as if he w;rc the original purchafer.

HitU'i I-iijiory of Common Lavf*

2. To eftrange ; to turn the mind or affec-
tion ; to make averfe : with /row.

The king was difquicteJ, when he found that
the prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of,
or inclination to, t'le marriage. Clarertlffti,

A'lienaule. aii/. [from To alienate.]
That of which the property may be
transferred.

Land is alienable, and treafure is tranfitory, and

both muft pafs from him, by his own voluntary

afl, or by the violence of others, or at lea.1 by fate.

Denris^s Letters,

-To A'lienate. v. a. [aliener, fr. ahem,
Lat.]

1. To transfer the property of any thing
to another.

The countries of the Tu: ks were once Chriftian,
and members of the church, and wl.erc the golden
candk'fticks did ftand, though now they be utterly
a'ienated, and no Chritlians Lfc. Bacon,

2. To withdraw the heart or affeflions:
with the particle frcm, where the firft
pofleffor is mentioned.

The manner of men's writing muft not aCtenett
our hearts yiow the truth. Hosier,

Be it never fo true «!iich we teach the world to
bdievp, yet if once their afFeitions b-gin to be
alienated, a fmall thing per fuadeth them to change
their opinions. Hooker,

His eyes furvey'd the dark idolatries .
Of alienated Judah. Milton's Paradife LcJI,

Any thing that is apt to difturb the world, and
to alienate the af^eCiions of mt n from one another,
fuch ai crofs and dilUHeful hum jurs, is cither tx-
prcf^ly, or by clear confetjueiice and deduction, for-
bidden in the New Teftamcnt. Tilhtfui,

Her mind was quite alierated from the honeft
Caftilian, whom (he was taught to look upon as a
formal old fellow. ylJdifn,

A'lienate. adj. [alienafus,I-,at.'j With-
drawn from; ftranger to: with the par-
iiclcffcm.

The Whigs are damnably wicked ; impatient
for the death of the ijven j ready to gratify their

ambitio*

A L I

•mbition and revenge by all defpcntt methods;
wholly alitnate fnm truth, law, religion, mercy,
confciencc, or honour. Siuift's Afifcel/jrics.

Aliena'tion. »./. [alienatio, Lat.]
I, The aft of transferring property.

This ordinance was lor the maintenance of their
lands in their pofterity, and for excluding all inno-
vation or aUctunicn thereof unto ftrangers.

Sfnfrr's State nf Irclavd
God put it into the heart ot one of our princes,
to give a check to fjcrilege. Her fuccefTour palTca
a law, which prevented all future alicKath'm of the
church revenues. Attcrlury

Great changes and alhvat'iwt of property, have
created new and great dependencies.

Stvift en Albert and Rome.

a. The ftate of being alienated ; as, the
Hate was wafted during its alienation.

3. Change of affection.

It is left but in dark memory, what was the
ground of his defeftion, and the tlicnathn of his
heart from the king. BacQn.

4. Applied to the mind, it means diforder
of the faculties.

Some things are done by man, though not

through outward force and impulfion, though not

againil, yet without their wills; as in aiirnation ot

• mind, or any like inevitable utter abfencc of wit

and judgment. Hookir.

Ali'ferous. adj. [from alazni/ero,'La.t.^
Having wings. Diil.

Ali'gikovs. aJj. [a//ffr, Xat.] Having
wings ; winged. Dii3.

ToAi.i'g&e. It. a. [from a, and %, to
lie down.] To lay ; to allay ; to throw
down ; to fubdue : an old word even
in the time ofSpenfer, now wholly for-
gotten.

-Thomalin, why fitten we fo.
As weren overwent with woe.
Upon fo fair a morrow ?
.The i'jyous time now nigheth fat,
That (hall "liggi this bitter bUil,
And Hake the uictcr foitow.

Sperf-r't ^aftcrali.

Ti Ali'ght. -j. n. [alihtan. Sax. af-lich-

ten, Dutch.]
I. To come down, and flop. The word
implies the idea of Uejcending ; as, of a
bird from the wing ; a travelW- from
his horfe or carriage ; and generally of
refting or flopping.

1 here jncicnt nlgiit arriving, did alight
From her high weary wa'ne. fa\ry Sluan.

There is alighiti at your gate
A young Venetian, Stho^Hp, Merch. ofVtnUe.
Slacknefi breeds worms ; but the furc traveller,
Though he atijhtt fometimes, ftill goeth on.

lUrhcrt.
Wh<n marching with his foot he walks till night ;
When with his hoife, he never will al'tght.

^ Detibam.

When Dedalus, to 9y the Cretan fliore,
Hi* he ivy limbs on jointed pinions bore j
To the Cumcan ciaft at length he came.
And here aligbllng built this coftly frame.

Drydtns /Enciii.
When he was admonilhed by his (ubjcft to de-
fcend,hecame down gen'ly, and circling in the air,
and finging to the ground. Like a lark melodi-
ous in her m';unting, and continuing her fong till
(he atighti ; ftili preparing for a higher flight at her
next faliy. Drydin.

When fini/h'd was the figl.t.
The y\€ion from their lufty fteeds a/ifbt.
Like them dilmounted all the warlike tra n.

Dryden.

Should a fpirit of fupcriour rank, a Granger to

human nature, alifht upon tie earth, «4ia! would

his mtions of us be ^ Mdlfin, Hf^eflalcr.

VOL.I.

A L I

2. It is ufed alfo of any thing thrown or
falling ; to fall upon.

But fli/rn;3 of Itor.ei from the proud temple'>
height
Pour down, and on our batier'd lielms al'igtt.

D:yJcn.

Ali'xe. adv. [from a and like.'\ With
refemblance ; v/ithout difference ; in the
fame manner ; in the fame form. In
fome exprefHons it has the appearance of
an adjedive, but is always an adverb.

Tie daricnefs liijeih not from thee; but the
night Ihinech as the Jay : the darknefs and the
light are both atite to thee. Pfalm cxxxix. I2.

With rhce converfing, I forget a!! time ;
All feafons, and their change, all pleafe atiie.

Paradifc Loft.
Riches cannot rcfcue from the grave.
Which claims alike the monarch and the flavc.

Dtydrn.

Let us unite at leaft In an equal zeal for thole

capital doftrines, which wc all equally embrace,

and are ahke concerned to maintain. Atterhttry.

Two handmaids wait the throne ; alike in place,

But dilTring far in figure and in face. Pojic.

A'LIMENT. «./. [alimentuoi, Lat.] Nou-
rilhment ; that which nourilhes ; nutri-
ment ; food.

New parts are added to our fubtlance ; and, 35
wc die, we are born daily : nor can we give an ac-
couiK, how the aliment \h prepared for nutrition, or
by what mechanifm it is diftributed.

Glanvilll's Sceffij Srientifica.

All bodies which, by the animal faculties, can
be changed into the fluids and fdidsof our boiiies,
are called alimcr.tt. In the Urged fcnfc, by alment,
1 underdand every thing which a human cjeaturt
takes in common diet; as, meat, drink; and fca-
foning, as, fait, fpice, vinegar. Arhulhmet.

AhtMt'KTAL. adj. [from aliment.] That
which has the quality of aliment ; that
which nourilhes ; that which feeds.

The fun, tliat light imparts to all, receives
From all his alimtntat rccompcnfe.
In humid cxlialations. Mihcn's Pared. Loft.

Except tliey be watered from higher regions,
thefe weeds mull lofc their alimenial fap, and wi-
ther. Brtnun.

Th' indirftrious, when the fun in Leo rides,
Forget not, at the foot of ev.-ry plant.
To fink a circling trench, and daily pour
A juft fapply of alimtatal ftreams,
Exliaufteo fap recruiting. Philips

Alime'ntally. adv. [from alime/ital.]
So as to ferve for notirifhmenr.

The fubftancc of gold is invincible by the pow-
crful'eft heat, and thit not only aiimentally in a
fubDantial mutation, but alfo medicamentally in
any corporeal converfion. Bn-un's Vulg. Eiroun.

Alimf/ntariness. n. /. [from alimen-
tary.] The quality of being.alimentary,
or of affording nourilhracnt. Di£i.

Ahme'ntary. adj. [fTOmali?nenl.]

1. That which belongs or relates to ali-
ment.

'I he folucion of the aliment by maftication is
nectfl'ary; withoutil, the aliment could notbedif-
pofed for the changes which it icceivcb as it palfeth
through the alimeBlary duel.

Arl'utlnat on Aliments.

2. That which has the quality of aliment,
or the power of nourilbing.

1 do not think that wjter lupj>lies animals, or
even plants, with nourilhment, but ferves for a
vehicle to the alimentary particles, to convey and
dilitibotc tnem to the levcral parts of the body.

Ray on ihc Creutijn.

Of armentary roots, fome are pulpy and v^ ry
nutritious ; as, turnips and carr \i. Thefe have
a fattening quality. AfbulLnU on Ailments.

A L K

AlIjMENTa'tion. «./. [from aliment.]

1. The power of affording aliment; the
quality of nouriftiing.

;. Tlie tete of being nourifl'.ed by affimi-
lation of matter received.

Wants do nouiifh; inanimate bodies do not: they
have an accretion, but no ahmcr.tat'toi:.

Bjcons 2\atural liif'iyry.

Alimo'nious. adj. [from alimmy.] That

which nourilhes : a word very little in ufc.

The plethora tenders us lean, by fui-jji-elfing our

fpirlts, whereby they are incapacitated of digelll] g

the alvncnicus humours into flefli.

Harvey on Confurrptions.

A'LIMONY. n.f. [alimonia, Lat.] Jli-
piony fignifies that legal proportion of
the hufoand's eftate, which, by the fen-
tence of the ecclefiaftical court, is aU
lowed to the wife for her maintenance,
upon the account of any feparation from
him, provided it be not caufed by her
elopement or adultery. Ayliffe's Parcrg.

Uefore they fettled hands and hearts,
Till a'.imany or death them parts. Hvdihra'-.

A'Liciy AKT. adj. [aliquatituj, Lat.] Parts
of a number, which, however repeated,
will never make up the number exaflly ;
as, 3 is an aliquant of 10, thrice 3 being
9, four times 3 making 12.

A'liqjjot. adj. [cliquot, Lat.] Aliquot
parts of any number or quantity, fuch
as will exaflly meafure it without any
remainder : as, 3 is an aliquot part of
12, becaufe, being taken four times,
it will juft meafure it.

A'lieh. adj. [from ale.] Refembling ale;
having qualities of ale.

Stirring it and beating down the yeaft, gives it
the fweet a/j/A talle. • Mortimer's Mf/iardiy.

A'liture. «./. [alitura, Lat.] Nourifh-
ment. DiS.

Ali've. adj. [from a and live]

1. In the ftate of life ; not dead.

Nor well ali've, nor wholly dead they were.
But fome faint ligns of feeble life appear. Dryden

Not youthful kings in battle feie'd alive.
Not fcornful virgins who their charms furvive.

Pope.

2. In a figurative fenfe, unextinguilhed ;
undeftroyed ; aiElive ; in full force.

Thofe good and learned men had reafun to wl/h,
that their proceedings might be favoured, and tlie
good affeftion of fuch as Inclined toward them, kept
alive. Hooker.

3. Cheerful ; fprightly ; full of alacrity.

She was not fo much alive the whole day, if fiie
(lept more tl]an fix hours. Clarijp:.

4. In a popular fenfe, it is ufed only to
add an emphafis, like the French du
Kionde ; as, the tejl man alive ; that is,
the bejl, with an cmphafis. This fenfe
has been long in ufe, and was once ad-
mitted into ferious writings, but is now
merely ludicrous.

And to thofe brethren faid, rife, rife by-live.
And unto battle do yourfelves addtcfi ;

For yonder comes the prowelt knight alive,
Frince Arthur, flower of grace and nobi'cfs.

Fairy Siueev.

The earl of Northumberland, wlio was the proud<
eft man almt, could noir look upon the deftruflioii
of monarchy with any pleafure. Clarendon.

John was quick and underflood bulincis, but no
man alive wajiuurc carelcli in looking into his ac-
c"U"ts. Arbuihrot.

A'l-KAHEST. n. f. A word ufed firft by

Paracelfus, and adopted by his follow-

1 ers

A L K

crs, to fignify an univerfal diflblvent,
or liquor which has the power of re-
folving all things iato their firft prin-
ciples.

'A L K A L E 's c E N T . adj. [ from aliali. ] That
which has a tendency to the properties
of an alkali.
All animal diet is alkaltfcat ox anti-acid.

Arhuthnst.

A'IKALI. K. / [The word alia/i coma
from an herb, called by the Egyptians
inli ; by us, glalTwort. ' This herb they
burnt to alhes, boiled them in water,
and, after having evaporated the water,
there remained at the bottom a white
fait ; this they calledya/ iali, or a/iali.
It is corrofive, producing putrefaction
in animal fubflances to which it is ap-
plied, jirbuthttot on Aliments.'] Any fub-
ftance which, when mingled with acid,
produces effervefcencc and fermenta-
tion.

A'lkaline. adj. [from alkali.] That
which has the qualities of alkali.

Any watery liquor will keep an animal from
ftarving very long, by diluting the fluids, and con-
fequcntly keeping them from an alkaliite (late.
People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing
but water. ' Arbuthmt.

To Alka'mzate. 'V. a. [from alkali.]
To make bodies alkaline, by changing
their nature, or by mixing alkalies with
them.

Alka'lizate. fl(?y. [from alkali.] That
which has the qualities of alkali; that
which is impregnated with alkali./

The odour ot the fixed nitre h very langi^d; but
that which it difcovers, being difiblvcd in hot
water, is different, being of kin to that of other
tlkalizate falts. Biylr.

The colour of violets in thei* fyrup, by acid li-
quors, turns red, and, by urinous and aJialixare,
turns green. Nnvlen.

Alk aliza'tion.w./. [fromalkali.] The
aft of alkalizatlng, or impregnating
bodies with alkali.
A'tKANET. «. /. [anchu/a, Lat.] The
name of a plant. This plant is a fpe-
cies of buglofs, with a red root, brought
from the fouthern parts of France, and
ufed in medicine. Miller.

JLKEKFNGI. „. /. A medicinal fruit
or berry, produced by a pKint of the
fame denomination ; popularly alfo call-
ed luinter- cherry ': the plant bears a near
refemblance to Solanum, or Night-
fliade ; whence it is frequently called
in Latin by that name, with the addi-
tion or epithet of 'vejicarium.

Chambers.
JLKE'RMZS. n.f. In medicine, a term
borrowed from the Arabs, denoting- a
celebrated remedy, of the confiflence of
a confeftion ; whereof the kermes ber-
ries are the bafis. The other ingre-
dients a;^ pippin-cyder, rofe-water,
fugar, ambergreafe, mufk, cinnamon,
aloes-wood, pearls, and leaf-gold ; but
the fwcets are ufually omitted. The
confeilit alkermes is chiefly made at Mont-
pelier. The grain, which gives it the
denomination, is no where found fo
plentifully as there. Chambers.

ALL

ALL. aJ}. [iEll, ^al, calls, all*. Sax.
oil, Wellh; al, Dutch; alle. Germ.
S^©-, Gr.]

1. Being the whole number ; every one.

Brutus is an honourable man j
So are thi-y all, all honourable men.

Shakeff. Jultus Cafar.

To graze the herb all leaving,

Devour'd each other. Miltcn'i Parad. Loft.

The grirat encouragement of «//, is the affurance

of a future reward. Tilloijtn.

2. Being the whole quantity ; every part.

Six days thou fhalt labour, and do all thy work.

Dmt, V. 13.

Political power, I take to be a right of making
laws with penalties, and of employing the force of
the community in the execution of luch laws, and
in the defence of the commonwealth ; and all \\\i,
only for the public good. Luke.

3. The whole quantity, applied to dura-
tion of time.

On thofe pallures chearful fpring
All the year doth fit and fing ;
And, rejoicing, fmiles to fee
Their green backs wear his livery. Crajha-w.

\. The whole extent of place;

Gratiano fpeaks an infinite deal of nothing,
more than any man in all Venice.

Shaktff. Merchant ofVanee.

All. fl</-i/. [See ALL, a^'.]
I . Quite ; completely.

How is my love all ready forth to come.

Spender.
Know, Rome, that all alone Marcus did fight
Within Corioli gates. Shaktffieart's Cariolanus.

He fworc fo loud.
That, all amaz'd, the prieft let fall the book.

Shakiffpeare.
The Saxons could call a comet a fixed liar, which
is all one v/\th Jlella criiiita, or ccmeta.

Camdtn's Remains.
For a large confcience is all one,
And fignifies the fame with none. tludibras.

Balm, from a filver box didill'd around,
Shall all bedew the roots, and fcent the facred
ground. Dry den.

I do not remember he any where mentions ex-
prefsly the title of the firlV-born, but all along
keeps himfelf under the fhelter of the indefinite
term, heir. Locke.

Jufticc may be furniflied out of fire, as far as her
fword goes ; and courage may be all over a conti-
nued blaze. Addi/on.

If e'er the mifer durft his farthings fpare,
He thinly fpreads them through the public fquire,
V/here, all befidc the rail, rang'd beggars lie.
And from each other catch the doleful cry. Gi:y.

z. Altogether ; wholly ; without any other
ctmfideration.

1 am of the temper of moft kings, who love to
be in debt, are all for prefent money, no matter
how they pay it afterward. Diydcn.

3. Only; without admiflion of any thing
elfe.

When I fhall wed,
That lord, whofe hand muft take my plight, fhall

carry
Half my Icivc with him, half my care and duty.
Sure 1 fhall never marry like my filler,
To love my father all. StakeJip. King Lear.

4. Although. This fenfe is truly Teuto-
nick, but now obfolete.

Do you not think th' accomplifhment of it
Sufficient work for one man's fimple head.
All were it as the refl but fimply writ. Sfenfcr.

5. It is fometimes a word of emphafis ;
nearly the fame with _/«/?.

A fhepherd's fwain, fay, did thee bring,
All as his ftriying flock he fed ;
And, when his hcnour hath thee read, ,

Crave pardon for thy liardyliead.

Spcnjtr'i Pafttrali.

ALL

6. It was anciently in Englllh what it !i
now in the other Teutoiiick dialcfls, a
particle of mere enforcement.

He thought them fixpcncea/Ztoo dear.

Seng tn ^balefpeart.
Tell us what occafion of import
Hatli all fo long dcta'in'd you from your wife.

^bakejpeart*

All. n.f.

1 . The whole ; oppofed to part, or no-
thing.

And will fhe yet debafe her eyes on me j
On me, whofe ail not equals Edward's moiety ?

Shakejpeartt
Nought's had, alfi fpent.
Where our defire is got without content.

Stakrfpeare's Mactetb,
The youth fhall ftudy, and no m-re engage
Their flattering wiihes for unceitain age ;
No more with fruitlefs care, and cheated flrfe,
Chace fleeting pleafure through the maze of life;
Finding the wretched all thiy here can have.
But prefent food, a:'.d but a future grave. Frier,
Our all is at flake, and irretrievably loft, if we
fail offuccefs. Addifal.

2. Every thing.

Then fhail we be news-cramm'd.— ^// the
better ; we fhall be the mote reourkable.

. Shakefpeart,

Up with my tent, here will I lie to-night;
But where to-morrow? — Well, aZ/'sone for that.

Shakefpeare,
All th^ fitter, Lcntulus : our coming
Is not for falutation ; we have bus'nefs.

. •^"' Jonfcn.

3. That js, e<vtry thing is the better, tbi
fame, the Jitter.

Sci-ptre and pow'r, thy giving, I afTume ;
And glad her fhall refign, when in the end
Thou fhalt be all in all, and I in thee, •^

For ever ; and in me all whom thou lov'ft.

Miltem,

They that do not keep up this indifTerency for
all but truth, put coloured fpeflacles before their
eyes, and look through falfe glalTes. Locke.

4. The phrafe and all is of the fame kind.

They all fell to work at the roots of the tree,
and left it fo little foothold, that the firft blaft of
wind laid it lac upon the giound, ncft, eagles,
«'"' "l'- VEjlrange.

A torch, fnufF and all, goes out in a moment,
when dipped in the vapour.

Addifon's Jiejaarks en Italy,

5. .^// is inach ufed in compofition ; but,
in moft inltances, it is merely arbitrary ;
as, all-commanding. Sometimes the words
compounded with it, are fixed and claf-
fical ; as. Almighty. When it is con-
nefted with a participle, it feems to be
a noun ; as, all-furrounding : in other
cafes an adverb; as, all-accomplijhed, or
completely accompliftied. Of thefe ccTt-
pounds, a fmall part of thofe which
may be found is inlerted.

All-bearing, adj. [from n/^and bear.]
That which bears every thing ; omni-
parous.

Thus while he fpoke, the fovereign plant he
drew,
Where on th' all-hearing earth unmark'd it grew.

Pcpe.
.^L L-c HE E R I N c. adj. [from a//aod cheer.'\
That which gives gayety and cheerful-
nefs to ail.

Soon as the all-cleerhg fun
Should, in the firtheft eaft, beg:n to draw
The fhady curtains from Aurora's bed. Shakelp.
All-commanding, adj. [from all and
command.] Having the fovereiiinty over
all. "

He

ALL

He now fets before them the high and (hining
«ioi of glory, tlie all^commtinditig image of bright
gold. Raldgb,

All-composing. aAj. [from «//and com-
pofe."] That which quitts all men, or
every thing.

Wrapt in embow'r'mg /hades, Ulyfles lies,
His woes forgot! but Pallas now adJreft,
To bre^k the bands of all'4mtp^fi"g reft. Fcpe.
ALL-cON(y;ERiKG. oAj. [from all and
conquer.^ That which fubdues every
thing.

Second of Satan fprung, aU-<cr:querlng death !
What think'ft thou of our empiie now ? Miltcn,

All-consuming. aJJ. [from all and
coitfume.'l That which confumes every
thing.

By age unbroke— but ai!-confum}ng care
Deftroji perhaps the ftrength that time would
fpare. Pujx.

All-devouring, adj. [from «// and tie-
'vcur.'] That which eats up every thing.

Secure from flames, from envy's fiercer rage,
Dcftruftive war, and all-devour'mg age. Pope.

All-fours, n. /. [from all and yi«r.]
A low game at cards, played by two ;
fo named from the four particulars by
which it is reckoned, and which, joined
in the hand of either of the parties, are
faid to make all-fours.

All hail. n. /. [from all and bail, for
health.'\ All health. This is therefore
not a compound, though perhaps ufually
reckoned among them ; a terra of falu-
tation. Salve, or/alvete,
ylil tuil, ye fields, where conftant peace attends !

j4JI hail, ye facrcd, folitary groves !
jIU bailf ye books, my true, my real friends,
Whofe convcrfation pleafet and improves I

All hallow. In./, [from all a.nd hal-
All hallows, j lo-Tv.'] All faints day;

the firtt of November.
All-h ALLOWN. ^(^^ [from all and hal-

loiv, to make holy.] The time about

All faints day.

Farewell, thou latter fpring ! farewell,
^li-ballvwn fummer. Sbakefp. Henry IV.

Allh ALLOWTi DE. 17. /. [See All-
HALLOWN.] The term near All faints,
or the firft of November.

Cut oft' the bough about M'ba/lciviiJe, in the
bare place, and fet it in the ground, and it will
grow to be a fair tree in one year.

MaeoKi Natural ff Iff try.

All-heal. n./. [pattax, Lat.] A fpecies

of irenzvcre ; which fee.
Ai.t-;uDGiNC. ar/J. [from e!l ^nAJitJ^e.'j

That which has the fovereign right of

judgment.

I look with horroiir back,
7 hat I deted my wretched feif, and curfe
"My pail polluted life, jill-judv'ng Hcuvon,
Who knows my crimes, has lecn my forrnw for
thein. Rrtl'e'i y'Jne S^ire.

A L L - K N ow ! N G. atlj . [from ail and iaint;.'\
Omnifcient ; all-wife.
Shall we repine at a little mifplaced charity,
we, who could no way foicfce the cffcft; when
an a/Z-itfiivrng, all-wife Being, rtiowers down every
day hit benefits on the unthankful and undef-rv-
ing ^ j^tifr/jury^s .Serw-.tiu

All-making, at/j. [from all ind maif.]
That created all ; omnifiek. See All-

SEEIKC.

All-powerful, ad/, [from all and

He
he

ALL

finver/ul.] Almighty ; omnipotent ;
pofleifed of infinite power.

O a!l-pG^vfrfu! Being! the leaft motion of
whofe will can create or deftroy a world j pity us,
the mournful friends of thy dillrened ffirvant.

S-w'ift.
All saints day. n. f. The day on
which there is a general celebration of
the faints. The firft of November
All-seer, 71. f. [from all and /Jc]
that fees or beholds every thing ;
whofe view comprehends all things.
That high All-jcir, which I dailied with.
Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head,
And giv'n in caraett what J begg'd in jcft.

&bakt-jpeare,

All-seeikg. adj. [from all and Jee."]
That beholds every thing.

The fame Firlt Mover certain bounds has plac'd,
How long thofc periiTiable forms fliall lad ;
Nor can they la!l beyond the time allign'd
By that all-fuing and all-niak'ing mind. Dryden.

All souls da v. «.y; The day on which
fupplications are made for all fouls by
the church of Rome ; the I'econd of
November.

This is all Jiuh day, fellows, is it not ?—
It is, my lord.—

Why then, allfauls day is my body's doomfday.

Sbakejpeart.

All-sufficient, adj. [from alt and
fupdeni.'\ Sufficient to every thing.

The telUmonies of God are perfect, the tefti-
monics of God are ali-Jtifficitnt unto that end for
which they were given. Hooker.

He can more than employ alt our powers in

their utmofV elevation ; for Jie is every way per-

feft and all-frfficieal. Narrii.

All-wise. adj. [from a// and ivi/i.] Pof-

feft of infinite wifdom.

There is an infiniti-, eternal, all-wife mind go-
verning the affairs of the world. Soutb.

Supreme, all-tvife, eternal, potentate !
Sole author, fole difpofer of our fate ! Prior

JLLANTO'IS, or ALLANTO'IDES. „.f.
[from aWxz;, a gut, and n^©-, fhape.]
The urinary tunick placed between the
amnion and chorion, which, by the
navel and urachus, or paflage by which
the urine is conveyed from the infant in
the womb, receives the urine that conies
out of the bladder. i^iiitcy.

To ALLA'Y. v. a. [from alloyer, Fr. to
mix one metal with another in order to
coinage ; it is therefore derived by fome
from a la loi, according 10 laav ; the
quantity of metr/Is being mixed ac-
cording to law ; by others, from allier,
to unite ; pe;lups from allocare, to put
together.]

1. To mix one metal with another, to
make it fitter for coinage. In this fenle,
mod authors preserve the original
French orrhograpliy, and write «//«/.
See Alloy.

2. To join any thing to another, fo as to
abate its predominant qualities. It is
uk'd commonly in a fenfc contrary to
its original meaning, and is, to make
fomething bad, Uf';. bad. To obtund ;
to reprcfs ; to abate.

Bring brt-u^^-.t into the open air,
I would (j//rfy rhe burning quality
Of that fell poifun. Shaitfptare.

No friendly offices (hall alter or allay that
rancour, tlut /Vets in foise UclUlli breaits, which,

ALL

upon all occnRons, will foam out at its foul mnoth
in llander and invciftive. Sourb.

3. To quiet; to pacify ; to reprefs. The
word, in this fenfe, I think not to be
derived from the French alloyer, but to
be the Bnglifh word lay, with a before
it, according to the old form. >

If by your art you have
Put the wild waters in this roar, allay them.

Shakcfptare.
Alla'y. n.f. [alloy, Fr.]

1. The metal of a bafer kind mixed in
coins, to harden them, that they may
wear lefs. Gold is allayed with filver
and copper, two carats to a pound
Troy ; filver with copper only, of v/hich
eighteen pennyweight is mixed v/ith a
pound. Convcll thinks the allay is add-
ed, to countervail the charge of coin-
ing ; which might have been done only
by making the coin lefs.

For fools are ftubborn in their way,
As coins are hardened by th' allay. Hudibras,

2. Any thing which, being added, abates
the predominant qualities of that with
which it is mingled ; in the fame man-
ner, as the admixture of bafer metals
allays the qualities of the firft mafs.

Dark colours eafily fuffer a fenlible allay, by
little fcattering light. Nenutori's Optirh*

3. Allay being taken from bafer metals,
commonly implies fomething worfe than
that with which it is mixed.

The joy has no allay of jcaloufy, hope, and fear.

Rojcommon.

Ai.la'yer. n.f. [from allay.'] The per-
fon or thing which has the power or
quality of allaying.

Phlegm and pure blood are reputed allayers of
acrimony : and Avicen countermands letting blood
in cholerick bodies } becaufe he efteems the blood
a freenum bills, or a bridle of gall, obtunding its
iicrimony and fiercenefs. Harvey.

Alla'yment, «. / [from rdlay.] That
which has the power of allaying or abat-
ing the force of another.

Irl could temporize with my afFeftion,
Or brew it to a weak and colder palate,
The like allas^ent would I give my grief. Shakefp,
Allega'tion, n.f. [from allege.^

1. Affirmation ; declaration.

2. The thing alleged or affirmed.

Hath he noti twit our fovereign lady here
With ignominious words, though darkly coucht ?
As if ]7ie had fuborned fome to fwear
Falfc allegafiom, to o'erthrow his ftate.

Siiah/ptart'i Her.ry VI.

J. An excufc ; a plea.

I omitted no. means to be Informed of my
err urs ; and I expetl not to be excufed in any
negligcnc; on account of youth, want of leifure,
or any otilfr i lie allegations. Pope.

To ALLE'GE. •v. a. [nllego, Lat.]

1. To afnrm ; to declare ; to maintain.

2. To plead as an excufe, or produce as
.an argument.

Surely the prcfent form of church-government

is fuch, as n.-i l.nv of CioJ, or rcafoa ofmim,

hath hitherto been alleged of force luflicieut to

prove they do ill, who, to the utmoft of tlo-ir

power, withfland the alt'.-ration thereof. Uooher.

If we forfake the ways of grace or gnodneft,

we cannot alligc any colour of ignorance, or

want ot inftrudion j wc cannot fay we have not

' learned tlwm, or we could not. Sprat.

He hith a clear and full view, and there is no

more to be alleged for bis better information.

Z^ele.
I 2 ALLs'cEABLii.

* T T

/I SL. L<

AtLE'cEAntF. atfj. [from allr^e.] That
which may be alleged.

Upm this inrcrprft.it.on all rosy t-c fo'vpd, that

IS ttllrftttbte agawifi it« Br'^wn's l\lfar Err'iurs.

Alle'cement. n. /. [from allege.'^ The

fame with allegation. DiO.

A:.leV.er. It. J', [horn allege.'] He that

alleges.

Tlie narrative, if we bdicv^ it as confidfntly as
the fam'^us allfger of it, Pamghilio, appcirs to i-^.
would argue, that there is no other principle re-
quifite, tlian what may rel'ult from the lucky
iiiixture of fcveral bodies. BifU.

Alle'giance. «./. [alhgeancc, Fr.] The
duty of fubjefts to the government.

I did pluck alliziance from mrn's hearts,
Loud Ihouts and Ulutations from their mouths,
£vea in the prefcnce of the crowned king.

Sbakeffj(are,

We cha ge you, on allfgiance to ourfclves,
To hold your Haughtering hands, and keep the
peace. Stairffeare.

The houfe of commons, to whom every day
petitions are dlreflcd by the feveral counties of
Fngland, profefling all altegUrtce to them, govern
abfohicily ; the lords concurring, or rather fub-
mitting to whatfoever is propofeJ. Clarendcn.

Alle'giant. ar^'. [from allege.'\ Loyal;
conformable to the duty of alhgiance:
a word not now ufeJ.

For your great graces
Heap'd upon m?, po:ir undsferver, 1
C.^n noching render but alli'g'tart thanks.
My pvay'ri to heaven tor you. S}-iiif'f>, Hen. Vtll.

Alleco'rick. ai^. [fromr.M.gory.] After
the manner of an allegory ; not real ;
not literal.
A kingdom they portend thee ; but what king-
dorn,
Real or al/e^mci, I ditern rot. Mi'fcn.

Allego'rical. a.|y. [from alhgory.] In
the form of an allegory ; not real ; not
literal ; myffical.

When our Saviour fiid, in an a'lcg'r'tcal and
xnyilicai fenfe, Except ye eat the ^t'/h of thj Son
of Man, and drinlc his blo-^-d, ye havi no life in
you \ the heaiers underflood him literally anil
grofsly. Benihy.

The epithet of .^po'lo for (hootirg. is capable
of two applications ; one liter.il, in rcfpcdl of the
da'-ts and b..w, the en.G^ns of that god; the other
alltgwica!, in regard fj the rays -/fthe fun. Popr.
Alt ego'rically. a^-v. [from allegory.]
After an allegorical manner.

Virgil often makes Iris ih; mcffcngcr of Juno,
tB.gaicaHy taken fur the air. Peactiim.

'Ihc phice is to be undeift-^od alU'girksiUy ; and
what is thus fpoken by a Hb.-«ician w:th wifdom,
is, by the Puct, applied to the goidefs of ir. Popt.

Alleoo'ricalness. n. /. [from allego-
rical.] The quality of being allego-
rical. Dicl.

To A'llecorize. t. a. [from allegory.]
To turn into allegory ; to form an alle-
gory ; to take in a fenfe not literal.

He hath very wittily a//egorix^ this tree, al-
lowing his fuppofition of the tree itfelf to be :r..e.

Ra.Uigt.

As fome would alligor'me thefe figns, fo others
W5uld confine them to the deftruiSion of Jeru-
falem. Burnetii Theory.

An alchymifl (hall reduce divinity to the max-
ims of his laboratory, explain morality by fal,
fulphur, and mercury ; and atlegcrixe the fcriptuie
itielf, and the faced myderics thereof, into the
pliiloforh^r'«i ftcne. Locke.

A'LLEGORY. n./. [iAXr,705',«.l A figu-
rative difcourfc, in which fomcthing
other h intended, than is contained in
tlie words literaJly taken ; as, -wealth

ALL

;/ the daughter ef diligence, and the pa-
rent of authority.

Neiiirer niuft wc draw rut our alhgory too
long, left clrher we make ouifelves obfcure, or
fall into aO'e£tation, which is childilh. Ben. yonfor,.
This word nympha meant nothing tlfe but, by
nl'ugwy, the veget.itivf. huriMur or moifturc that
ij rckeneih and givctb lite to trees and flowers,
w!ietely -l-.'-y gr;^v.', Peacham.

ALLE'GRO. n. /. A word denoting one
of the fi.x diftinftions of lime. It ex-
prefles a fprightly motion, the quicketl
of all, except I'refto. It originally
means gay, as in Milton.
ALLELUJAH. n.f. [This word is falfely
written for Hallelujah, ihh'n and n'.]
A word of fpiritual exultation, ufed in
hymns ; it fignifics, Praife God.

He will fet his tongue to thofc pious divine
ftrains, which may be a proper praeludium to thofe
alUlujahi he hopes eternally to fing.

G'i'crnmcnT ofthf Tcrrvue.

ALLEMA'NDE. n.f. [Ital.] A grave kind
of mufick.] DiSl.

To ALLE'VIATE. -v. a. [allevo, Lat.]

1 . To make light ; to eafe ; to foftenr

The pains taken in the fpeculative, will much
alleviate me in defcribing the pra^ic part.

Harvey.

Moft of the dillempers are the effects of abufed
plenty imd luxury, and muft not be charged upon
our Maker; who, notwiththmding, hath provided
excellent medicines, to alleviate thofe evils which
we bring up.in ourfelves. Bentley,

2. To extenuate, or foften ; as, he alle-
wiales his fault by an excufe.

Allevi a'tion. n.f. [from alleviate.]

1. The a£l of making light, of allaying,
or extenuating.

All apologies tor, and oUeviatiom of faults,
though they are the heights of humanity, yet
they are not the favours, but the duties of friend-
(hip. South.

2. That by which any pain is eafed, or
fault extenuated.

This lofs of one fifth of their income will fit
heavy on them, who thall feel it, without the al-
lei.iali:n of any profit. Locke.

A'lley. n.f. [allee, Fr.]

I. A walk in a garden.

And all within were walks and allrys wide.
With footing worn, and leading inward far.

Spenfer.

Wheie alleys arc clofc gravel'ed, the eatth put-

teth forth the firft year knorgrafs, and after fpirc-

grafs. Bacon i Natural Hijiijry.

Yonder alleys green,
Our walk at noon, with branches overgrown.

'- Miltr^n.

Come, my fair love, our morning's talk we lofe ;
Some labour ev'n the eafie.^ life would choofe :
Ours is not great; the dangling bows to crop,
Whofc too luxuriant growth our uileyi rtop. Dryd.

The thriving plants, ignoble bror.mfticks ma,lc,
Now fwccp thofe alleys they were born to ihaJe.

Pope.

1. A paflfage in towns narrower than a
ftreet.

A back friend, a Ihouldcr clapper, one that
commands the palfages of alleys, creeks, and nar-
row lands. Shakr/feare.

Alli'ance. ft. f. [alliance, Fr ]

I. The ftate of connexion with another
by confederacy ; a league. In this fenfe,
our hillories of Queen Anne mention
the grand alliance.

z. Relation by mariiagt?.

A blo)dy Hymen fha.l th' fl//fdflf« join
Bclw.xt tlic Trojan and th' Aufoolan line. Dryd.

ALL

J. Relation by any form of kindred.

For my father's fak-.
And, for alliar.ci' fake, declare the caufe
My father loft his head. Shakijf. Henry IV.

Adraftus foon, with gids averfr, ih.ill join
In dire eiHiarce with the Tin-ban line ;
Thence ftrite ihail rife, and mortal war fucceed.

Pcpe.
\. The aft of forming or contrafting re-
lation to another ; the ail of making a
confederacy.

Dorfct, y:>ur fon, that with a feirful fjul
Leads difcontented fteps in foreign foil.
This fair alliance quickly fliall call home ,
To high promotions. Shakrfp. Richard III.

5. The perfons allied to each Other.

I would not boall the gi-eitnc.'^s of my father,
But point out new alliances to Cato. Mdifin,

Alli'ciency. n. f. [allicio, Lat. to en-
tice or draw.] The power of attrafting
any thing ; magnetifm ; attraftion.

The feigned central allieimey is but a word, and
the manner of itiWl occult. GLnville.

To A'LLIGATE. -j. a. [alligo, Lat.] To

tie one thing to another ; to tmite.
Allica'tion.h./ [ from alligate. ]

1 . The aft of tying together ; the ftate of
being fo tied.

2. The arithmetical rule that teaches to
adjuft the price of compounds, formed of
feveral ingredients of different value.

Alliga'tor. a,/. The crocodile. This
name is chiefly ufed for the crocodile
of America, between which, and tJiat of
Africa, naturalills have laid down this
difference, that one moves the upper,
and the other the lower jiw ; but this
is now known to be chimerical, the
lower jaw being equally moved by both.
See Crocodile,

In his needy (hop a toitoifeTiung,
An al'lgator ftufPd, and other Ccins
Of ill-lh.ip'd fillies. Sbtktffeart.

Aloft in rows large poppy-heads were ftrung.
And here a fcaly aliigjtjr hung.

drib's Difpinl'r.ry.

A'l. LIGATURE, n.f [from alligate'.] The
link, or ligature, by which two things
are joined together. ' DiH,

.A L L I's 1 0 N . n.f. [alii Jo, alU urn, Lat.] The
aft of llriking one thing agai.nil ano-
ther.

There have not been any iflinds of note, or c<>n.
fiderable extent, torn and ca'l oli' from the conti-
nent by earthi^uakes, or fevered from it by the
boilkrous a!'ifi,n of the fea. tVoodward.

Allitera'tion. «. / [aJ and litera,
Lat.] Of what the critics call the alii,
teration, or beginning of feveral words in
the fame verfe with the fame letter, there
are inllances in the oldeft and bed wri-
ters, as.
Behemoth biggeft born.

Milton's Paradife Loji,
Alloca'tion. n.f. [alloco, Lat.]

1 . The aft of putting one thing to ano-
ther.

2. The admiffion of an article in reckon-
ing, and addition of it to the account.

3. An allowance made upon an account ;
a term ufed in the Exchequer.

Chambeisi
Allocu'tion. n.f. [allocuiio, Lat.] The

aft of fpeaking to another.
Allo'dial. adj. [fjom allodium.] Held

without

r

ALL

without any acknowicJ~tnent of fuperio-
rity ; not feudal ; independent.

ALLODIUM. K.f. \k word of very un-
certain derivation, but moll probably of
German original.] A poiTellion held in
abfolute independence, without any ac-
knowledgment of a lord paramount. It
is oppoled to fee, or feidum, which inti-
rcates f'omc kind of dependence. 1 iiere
are no allodial lands in England, all
being held either mediately or imme-
diately of the king.

Allo'nge. n.f. [ailonje, Fr.]

1. A pafs or thruil with a rapier, fo called
from the lengthening of the (pace taken
up by the fencer.

2. It is likewife taken for a long rein,
when the horfe is trotted in the hand.

To Allo'o. v. a. [This word is gene-
rally fpoken halloo, and is ufed to dogs,
when they are incited to the chace or
battle ; it is commonly imagined to
come from the French allons ; perhaps
from all lo, look all ; (hewing the ob-
jeft.] To fct on ; to incite a dog, by
crying alLo.

yjllc'j thy f. rirua maflifF; bid him vex
The noxioj^ h-^rd, and print u't>on their cars
A fad m:mo-ial of their paft offence. Pli'if!.

A'lloqj;v. ». yr [allDjuiam, Lzt.] The
aft of fpeaking to another ; addrefs ;
converfation. Dici.

To ALLO'T. -v. a. [from /o/.]

I. To dillfibute by lot.

■2. To grant.

Five d:!js we dj alJat rhec for provifion,
To fliic!d thee from cifafters of the winld ;
And, on tlic fmh, to fjr.i thy h ited tjck
Upon our kingdom. Sbakefj), King Lear,

I (h.\\\ defcrve my fate, if [ refute
That bappy hour which heaven allots to peace*

Dry den.

3. To diftribute ; to parcel out ; to give
each his Ihare.

S^ncc fame was the only end cf all their ftii-
dies, a man cannot be tii fcrupulous in at'cnir.g
them their due prrtion of it. Ta:Icr.

Allo'tment. n.f. [from allot.]

1. TTiat which is allotted to any one ; the
part, the (hare, the portion grafted.

There can be no thcught of f; • .;y or quiet ir
thij uorld, but in a refignation co ihr a/Utnimu
of God and nature. L^Fflrange,

Thcu_h i: is ocr duty to fubmitwith patience
to mo e kancy atlfitmtnii, yet thus much we may
reafanabiy mi lawfully alk of Cod.

Sogeis'i Sertnmi.

2. Part appropriated. '

It is laid C'„c into a grove for fruits and (hade, a
Tinfyarc, and an alktmetti for olives and herts.

Brcome.

Ai-i.o'tter Y. ». /. [from allot.] That
which ij granted to any particular
perfon in a dillributicn. See Allot-
ment.

A How .-ne fuch exercifcs as may became a gentle-
man, or give me the poor allotttrj my father left
me by tell.Tm-r.t. Stat'/fcar/.

To ALLOW. "J. a. [alliuer, Fr. from «/-

laudare, Lat.]
I. To admit ; as, to allcui a podtion ;
not to contradifl ; not to oppole.

The principles which ail mankind alkiu for
true, are innate; thofe, that men of right rejfon
admit, arc the principles allm>ii\^ all mankind.

Ln.it.

ALL

Th*^ pow'r of mufick all our hearts cliiv;
Ard what Timothcus v.as, is Diyuen now. Tcpe.

That fome of the PreJbyterians declared openl)
agaiurt the king's murder, 1 aikiu to be true.

Ziij'ift.

2. To jnilify ; to maintain as right.

The pow'rs above
Alhvj obedience. Shakfjptare.

The Lord allowtlh the righterus. Bible.

3. To grant ; to yield ; to own any one's
title to.

V\e will nor, in civility, alloiv too much fin-
cerity t'"> the profeifions of molt men ; but tliink
their actions to be interpreters or their thoughts.

Lo:kc.

T {hall be ready to alkio the pope as little p.nvrr
here as yiu pleafe. i^ivift.

4. To grant licenfe to ; to permit.

Let's follow the olj earl, and get the beldam
To lead him where he would ; his roguiih mad-

nefs
yUlmii i!fe'f to any thing. Stc! efpet^re.

But as we were alli'.i'ed of God to be put in
truft with the gofpef, even to we ("peak, not as
plealing men, but t^od, which trieth our hnrts.

1 rkcf ii. 4.

They referred all hws, that wore to be palTed in
Ireland, tJ be conilJered, correSed, and at/ctorii
firrt by the itatc of E.>^land. Vifjiiscn Jre^'ai.J,

3. To give a fanftion to ; to authorise.

1 here is no flandcr in an a!it/tv\i fool. Sbakijp.

6. To give to; to pay to.

Ungi a'.efu! then ! it wc no tears al/mu
To him that gave us peace and empire t?o.

fTal/er.

7. To appoint for ; to fet oat tb a certain
ufe ; as, he allovicJ his fen the third
part of his income.

8. To make abatement, or provifion ; or
to (cttle any thing, with Ibme concef-
fions or cautions regarding fomething
elfe.

If we conGder the different occalions of ancient
and modern medals, we fliall find thev botli ag ee
in recording the great anions and fucceflijs in
war ; a/hiaing ftiU for the differei.t ways of mak-
ing it, and the clrcumDanccs that attended it.

AUdifin.
Allo'wable. aifj. [from alloiv.]

1 . That which may be admitted without
contradiftioii.

It is not altvivable, what is obfervable in many
pieces of Raphael, where Magdalen is reprefented,
ber'ore our Saviour, walhirg his feet on her knees j
which will not confill with the t-'xt.

Brvwni Vulgar Erroun.

2. That which is permitted or liceiifed ;
lawful ; net forbidden.

In adtions of this fort, the light of nature a-

Irnc may difcover that which is in the fight 01

God alh-.valle. linker.

I was, by the freedom jHytvabie among friends,

tempted to vent my thoughts with aegligencc.

B-.yle.
Reputation becomes a fignal and a very peculiir
blefti g to magiftrates ; and their purfu!t of it ii
not only alLiuoble but laudable.

Atrertiiry's Sertrxni,
Allo'wableness. a./, [from alloiua-
tli.] The quality of being allowable;
lawfulnefs ; exemption from prohibi-
tion.

Lots, as to their nature, ufe, and aUc^vablemfs,
in matters of recreation, are indeed impugned by
Ibme, though better defended by others.

South^s Sermort,
Allo'wance. 1./. [from allciu.]
I. AdmilTion without contradiftion.

'1 hat which wifd'jm did firft begin, and hath
been with good mca long continued, challengetb

ALL

allitvance of them that fuccecd, although it pTead
for itfelf nothing. Hc.ier,

>Mthi>ut the notii'n and alh-uiaree of (pirits,
our philofnphy will be lame and defcflive in one
main part of it. Lccke,

2. Sanction ; licenfe ; authority.

Vcu fcrit a large commiflicn to conclude.
Without the king's will, rr the Hate's alh-wance,'
A lea^jUe bctwctn his Highoelsand Ferrara.

Shakefpeert,

3. Permiflion ; freedom from reftraint.

Thry (hcuij therefore be accuftonicd betimes to
corfult and make ufe of their rcafon, before they
give alhivjitce to their irclinations, L ih,

4. A fettled rate, or appointment for any
ufe.

1 he vliflual in piartatiofts ought to be expended
almoil as in a beiieged town; that is, with certain
aiUxrance. Baccru

And his alicivance was a continual alh'wsrtii
g'vcn liim of the king ; a daily rate for every day
all his life. ' . - 2 K.rp.

5. Abatement from the llrift rigour of a
law, or demand.

1 he whole pccip, though written in heroic!::
verfp, is of the Pindarick natuic, as well in tll^
tnrught as the expieflion ; and, as fuch, requiics
the lame grains of a/Uiuance for ir. Drydtr;,

I'arents never gm alLivance: for an innccent
pafiion. i'li'i/r.

6. Eftablifhed charaftcr ; reputation.

His bark is ftoutly timbered, a id his pilot
Of veiy expert and approved allc^vance, Shakefp,

Ali.o'y. fi./. [See Allay.]

1 . Bafer metal mixed in coinage.

'I hat precife weight and fincnels, by law ap-
propriated to the pieces of eacli dcnominatl^'n, is
caiied the llandard. Fine filver is filver without,
tlie mixture oC any bafcr metal. AlUy is baTer nne-
tal mixed with It. Locke.

Let anoihcr piece be c^ned of the fame weightjf
wherein half the filver is taken cut, and copper,
or other fl//oy, pilt into tlie place, it will be worth
but half as much ; for tiie value of the alloy is fa
inconfiderable as not to be reckoned. Locke,

2, Abatement ; diminution.

The pleafuies of (enfc are probably reiiflied by

beafts in 3 more exquifite degree than they are by

men ; for they tafte them finceie and pure without

mixture or alley. Atterl'Ury,

Allube'sce-VCY. ff. y. [alluie/eeatia,

Lat.] Willingnefs ; content. Die/.'

To ALlU'DE. -j. n. \nUudo, Lat.] To

have fome reference to a thing, without

the direct mention of it ; to hint at ; to

infinuate. It is ufed of perlbns ; as, he

alludes to an old Jlory ; or, of things,

as, the lampoon alludes to his mother's

faults.

Thcfe fpeeches of Jerom and Chryfoflom do
fecm to allude unto luch miniltcrial garments as
were then in ufe. Hooker,

True it is, that many things of th's natuie be
a/ludtd unto, yea, many things declared. Hooker,
Then j uft proportions were taken, and cveiy thing
placed by we-ght and mcafure : and this 1 doubt
not wai that artificial flruflure here alluded to.

Burm'Cs Theory*
Allu'minor . ff.y; [allumer, Fr. to light.]
One who colours or paints upon paper
or parchment ; becaul'e he gives graces,,
light, and ornament, to the letters or
figures coloured. Coiuell.

To ALLLJ'RE. 'V, a, [leurer, Fr. looren,
Dutch ; bdls)-.4n. Sax.] Toentici- toany
. thing whether, good or bad ; to draw to-
wards any thing by enticement.

Unto laws that men make for the benefit of
men, it hath fectned always needfil to add re-
wards, which may more allure unto good, than
9 •njr

ALL

A L M

A L M

any hardnefs detemth from it ; and puniUjments,
M'hii^h may more deter from evil, th>n any fwcet-
ocli thcict.i allurcth. Hooker.

The golden fun, in (plendoiir likeft heav'n
jil.w'ii his eyf. AL/ton'i PuradifcLiJi-

Each flacc'ring hofc, and each aliurir.g joy.

Lyitlitcn,

Ali.u'rf. 1. f. [from the verb allure.']
Something fct up to entice birds, or
other things, to it. We now write lure.
I he tathct to train th m to his allure, he told
the.Ti both otKni ^\\i with a vehement voice, how
they vi'cre over-topped and trodden down by g'n-
itcmeM. IIiiytL'ttfit.

All u'rement. n./. [from allure.] That
which allures, or has the force of allur-
ing i enticteent ; temptation of plea-
fure.

A^-ninft a/'urcmrnt, cuftom, and a world
Oti'eiiJed i t'carlci's of reproach, and fcorn.
Or vioifncc. Alihoni Paradiff Lrji.

— .Adam, by his wife's alluremM, tVll.

X Pitrad'ljc Regain f J.

To (hun th' tlhrcmevt'n not Jiard

To niindt refuivM. turew.irn'd, and well prvpar'd ;

But wond'ious diilkult, when once bcfet.

To fttugjle through the firaits, and break th' in-

lo.ving net. Dryiitn,

Ai-lu'rer. n.f. [(rom allure.] Theper-

fon that allures ; enticer ; inveigler.
Allu'ri KGLY.art'x'. [from allure.] In an

alluring manner ; enticingly.
Ali.u'ri N GNESS. n.f. [from alluring.]
The quality of alluring or enticing ; in-
vitation ; temptation by propofing plea-
fure.
Allu'sion". n. /. [allufio, Lat.] That
which is fpoken with reference to fome-
thing fuppofed to be already known, and
therefore not exprclfej ; a hint : an im-
plication. It has the particle to.

Here are manifeft olhf.ons and footfteps of the
difliflufion ni the earth, as it was in the deluge,
and will be in ir^ bll ruin. Burners Theory.

'1 his hft allafii"! gall'd the Panther more,

Becaufe indeed it ri;b'/'d upon the fore. Dryden.

Expreffions now out of ufe, nUuJions to cuftoms

loft to us, and varitms particularities, muft neeJs

continue fcveral paHjgts in the dark. L'jcke.

Ai.Lu'siVE. adj. [alludo, allufum, Lat.]
Hinting at fcmething not fully e.vprefled.

Where the exprcflirn in one place is plain, and
the fenfe affixed to it ai;recab!e to the proper force
of the words, and no negative objeilion requires
uj to depart from it ; and the exprcflion, in the
other, is figurative or cUuJ\-vc^ and the do£lrinc,
ile.'luccd from it, liable to r^reat obj;;flJons ; it is
Tcafcinable, in this litter place, to reftrain tbe ex-
tent of the figure and ailuiiun to a confiiiency with
the former. Robert's So Mens.

Ai-Lu'si VELY. a^v. [from alliiji've.] In
an allufive mmner ; by implication j by
inSnuation.
The Jewifli nation, that rcjefled and crucified
.him, within the compafs of one generation, v\crr,
according to his p.edi^rion, dellroyed by the Ro-
nians, and pieycd upon by thofe eagles (Afjir
jtr.'tv. 28.), by which, ailujively, are noted liic Ro-
man armies, whofe enCgn was th: eajjlc.

Uammcrtd.

Ai.i.u'sivENESs. rt. f. [from alLfiije.]

The quality of being allufive.
Allu'vion. »._/". \_nlliivio, Lat.)
I. The carrying of any thing to fcmething

elfe by the motion of the water.
a. The thing carried by water to fome-

thing elf-.

Ihc civil law gives the owner of land a rigfit to

dut incieafe which ari/esfrum alluvion, wluch is

defined an infeniible increment, brought by the
water. Cowell.

Allu'vidus. aJj. [from allwvion.] That
which is carried by water to another
place, and lodged upon fcmething elic.

To ALLY', -v. a. [alliir, Fr.]

1. To unite by kindred, friendlhip, or
confederacy.

All thefe fcpcs are allied to the inhabitants of the
North, fo as there is no hope that they will e>cr
ferve faithfully agjinit them. i'feajer on Ireland.

Wants, frailties, paHions, dofer ftill ally
The common int'reft, or endear the tye. Pofe.

To the fun el/y'd.
From him they draw the animating fire. Thctnjen.

2. To make a relation between two things,
by fimilitude, or refemblance, or any
other means.

Two lines are indeed remotely allied to Virgil's
fenfe ; but they arc too like the tcndcrners of
Ovid. Dryden.

Ally', n.f. [nllie, Fr.] One united by
feme means of connexion ; as marriage,
friendlhip, confederacy.

He in court ftood on his own feet; for the moft
of his allies rather leaned upon him than Hiored
him. H^ofun.

We could hinder the acceflion of Holland to
France, either as fubjedls, with great immunities
for the encouragement of trade, or as an inferiour
and dependent ally under their protection. Terr.ple.

JLMACA'NTAR. n. f. [An Arabick
word, written varioully by various au-
thors ; by D'Herbelot, almocantar ; by
others, almucantar.] A circle drawn pa-
rallel to the horizon. It is generally
ufed in the plural, and means a feries of
parallel circles drawn through the feve-
ral degrees of the meridian.

Alm aca'ntar's Staff, n. f. An in-
Urument commonly made of pear-tree
or box, with an arch of fifteen degrees,
ufed to take obfervations of the fun,
about the time of its riling and fetting,
in order to Jind the amplitude, and con
fequently the variation of the compafs.

Chambers.

A'lmakack. ». f. [Derived, by fome,
from the Arabick al, and manah, Heb. to
count, or compute ; by others, from al,
Arabick, and ^))», a month, or (/.ix»«>!oc,
the courfe pf the months ; by others, frciT!
a Teutonl:k original, al and maan, the
moon, an account of efery moon, or
month: all of them are probable.] A
calendar ; a book in v;hich the revolu-
tions of the fcafons, with the return of
feafts and falls, is noted for the enfuing
year.

It will be faid, this Is an ainuir.ack for the old
year; all hath been vvcUj Spain hath not aiTaikd
this kingjom. Baron.

'J his illrologer made his almanack give a tolcia-
ble account <if the weather, by a iXreSl iuverfioii
of the common prognofticators.

GovcrnmenI of tie Tciigue.

Beware the woman too, and (hun her fight,
Who in thefe ftudies docs herfeif delight ;
By whom a greafy almarack is borne,
With often hand.. fg, like chaft amber worn.

Dryden

I'll have a fafting almanack printed on purp^le
for her ufe. Dryden^t Spanijh Friar .

J'LMJNDINE. n. f. [Fr. almandina,
Ital.] A ruby coarfer and lighter than

the oriental, and nearer the colour of
the granate. DiH.

Alm I'cHTi NESS. n.f. [from almighij.]
Unlimited power ; omnipotence ; one of
the attributes of God.

It fcrveth to the woild for a witnefs o( his al-
mighiircfi, whom we outwardly honour with the
cbiefeli of cutward things. Hocker,

In creating and making exillcnt the world uni-
verfjl, by the abfolute a£l of his own word, Co4
Viewed his power and almightinejs.

air tValtcr Raleigh.

In the wildemefs, the bittern and the dork, the
unicorn and the elk, live upon his proviHons, and
revere his power, and feel the foicc of his aimi^b-
tincfi. Tayjtr.

Almi'ghty. adj. [from all and mighty.]
Of unlimited power; omnipotent.

The Lord apjeared unto Abraham, and fald
unto him, I am the almighty God; walk before
me, and be thoa perfeft. Cemjit xvii. i.

He wills you in the name oi God almighty.
That you djvcft yourfclf, and lay apart
1 he borrow'd glories, that, by gift of heav'n,
By law of nature and of nations, 'long
To him and to his hei s. Slake fjreare,

.■^'lmon'd. n. /. [amand, Fr. derived by
Menage from amandala, a word in low
Latin ; by others, from Allcmand, a Ger-
man ; fuppofing that almonds come to
France from Germany.] The nut of the
almond tree, either fweet or bitter.

Pound an almond, and the clear white' colour
will be altered into a dirty one, and the fweet tafte
into an oily one. Locke*

A'lmond tree. ». yC [amygdalus, Lat.]
It has leaves and flowers very like thofe
of the peach tree, but the fruit is longer
and more comprefled ; the outer green
coat is thinner and drier when ripe, and
the (hell is not fo rugged. Miller,

Like to an almond tree, mounted high
On top of Green Selcnis, all alone.
With blollbms brave bedecked daintily,
Whofe tender locks do tremble every one,
At every little breath that under heav'n is blown. '

Fairy •^een,

Mark well the flow'ring almonds in the wood j
If od'rous blooms the bearing branches load.
The glebe will anfwzr to the fylvan reign.
Great heats will follow, and laige crops of grain.

Dryd.n.

A'lmonds op the throat, or Ton-
sils, called improperly Almonds of the
ears, are two round glands placed on
the fides of the bafis of the tongue, un-
der the common membrane of the fau -
ces ; each of them has a large ov,aI
finus, which opens into the fauces, and
in it are a great number of lefler ones,
which difcharge thcmielves through the
great finus 0/ a mucous and llippery
matter into the fauces, larynx, and cefo-
phagus, for the moiftening and lubri-
cating thofe parts. When the a-fopha-
.gus mufcle afts, it compreflfes the al-

, mondi, and they frequently are the occa-
fion of a fore tliroat. ^incy.

The tonlil<, or aimttnds of the ears, are alfo
fre:juently fwclled in the kmg's evil j wfiich tu-
mour may be very well reckoned a fpecies of it.

ff^ijeman^s Surgcjy,

A'lmond-furnacc, or A'lman-fu r-
KACE, called alfo the Snveep, is a pecu-
liar k nd of furnace ufed in refining, to
feparate m.:tals from ciaders and other
foreign fubliances. Chambers.

A'LMOKtR,

A L M

A'lmoser., or A'lmwer. n. f. \eleemofy-
ntirius, Lat.] The officer of a prince,
or other perfon, employed in the diftri-
bution of charity.

1 enquired tor an almctrer'j and the general fame
has pointed out your reverence as the worthie:t
mm. Drjticv

Ai'MONRY. n. f. [from almoner.^ The
place where the almoner relides, or
where the aim? are dii^ributed.

AlMo'sT. ad-v. [from all and tnojl ; that
'\%, moft part of all. Skinner J\ Nearly;
well nigh ; in the next degree to the
whole, or to univerfality.

Who is there alwjf, whole mind, at fome time
or other, luve or anjcr, fear or grief, has not fo
fiiSened to fome clog, that it could not turn itfe'.c
to any otltcr objefl. Locke,

There can be no fuch thing or notion, as an a/
tnyji infinite' ; there can be nothing next or fecond
to an omnipotent God. Btntley'i S^mcn:,

Atlai becomes unequal fo his freitjh:.
And almtfi faints beneath the glowi.^g weight.

Addtjon*

ALMS. n. f. [in Saxon, elmej-, from
eUemofyna, Lat.] What is given gra-
tuitoully in relief of the poor. It has
no fingular.

My arm'd knees.
Which bow'd but in my (lirrup, bend like his
■That hath received an j!mi. SbakeJl>€are.

The poor beggar hath a juft demand of an utmj
from the rich man ; who is guilty of frauJ, injul-
tice, and opprcflion, if he does not atfurd relief ac-
cording to his abilities. Sivift,
Alms-basket. «./. [from a/;n/ and baf-
kel.'] The baflcet in which provifions are
put to be given away.

There fweepings do as well.
At the bell order'd meal ;
For who the relifll of thefe guefts will fit.
Needs fet them but the almi-bajktt of wit.

Ben yotij^fi.
We'll (land up for our properties, was the beggar's
fong that lived upon the almi-ba/ket.

L EJlrange'i FMcs,
A'lmsdeed. n.f. [from alms and deed.'\
An aft of charity ; a charitable gift.

This woman was full of good works, and alms-
Jttdi which (he did. y*3i, .x. 36.

Hard-favour'd Richard, where art thou ?
Thou art not here : murdir is thy alirideed ;
Petitioner for Hood thou ne'er put'll back. Shaie/f.

A'lms-gh'e r. n.f. [from alms and gl'va:]
He that gives alms ; he that fupports
others by his charity.

He endowed mar^y religious foundations, and yet
was he a great alnti-^lver in fecret, which lhewc-1
that his works in publick were dedicate^ rather to
God's glory than his own. Baeon.

A'l.MSHOUSE. n.f. [from alms ind i>t>uje J
A houfe devoted to the reception and
fupport of the poor ; an hofpital for the
poor.

Theivay of providing for the clergy by tithes, the
ie\\cKof almshiujei f^r the poor, and the forting out
of the p-*oj'Ic inrj paiifbc', a.e manifeft- Huttkcr,

And to relief of lazars, and weak age
Of inHig"nt faint fouls, palt corporal till,
A iiiiJi d a/mshtafes right well fupplied. Sbakeft,

Many penitents, after the roboing of temples
and other rapine, build an hofpital, or alitubtufe^
out of ihe ruins of the church, and the fpoils of
widows and orphans. L' EJirtinge.

EehoH yon almihcufe, neat, but void of (late.
Where age and want fit fmll'ng at the gate. Pope,

A'lmsman. n.f. [from alms and »/««.]
A man who lives upon alms ; who is
fupported by charity.

A L O

I'll give my jewels for a fet of beads ;
My gorgeous palace for a hermitage j
My gay apparel for an almsmarCs gown. Shahefp,
A'lmug-tree. n.f. A tree mentioned in
fcripture. Of its wood were made mu-
fical inflruments, and it was ufed alio
in rails, or in a llaircafc. The Rab-
bins generally render it coral, others
ebony, braxil, or pine. In the Septua
gint it is tranflated ixsrought luoad, and
in the Vulgate, Lignu Thyina. But co-
ral could never anfwer the purpofes of
the almugim ; the pine-tree is too
common in Judea to be imported from
Ophir ; and the Thyinum, or citron-
tree, much cfteemed by the ancients for
• its fragrance and beauty, came from
Mauritania. By the wood almugim, or
algumim, or fimply gummim, taking al
for a kind of article, may be underlTood
oily and gummy forts of wood, and par-
ticularly the trees which produce gum
ammoniac, or gum arabick ; and is,
perhaps, the fame with the Shittim
wood mentioned by Mofes. Calmet.

And the navy alfo of Hiram that brought gold
from Ophir, brought in from Ophir great plenty oi
almug-treei and precious trees. i Kings, x. 11.

A'lnagar, A'lnager, or A'lneger.
n.f. [from alnage.'\ A meafurer by the
ell ; a fworn officer, whofe bufinefs for-
merly was to infpeft the affize of woollen
cloth, and to lix the fcals appointed
upon it for tliat purpofe ; but there are
now three officers belonging to the
regulation of cloth-manufaftures, the
fearcher, meafurer, and alneger. DiS.

A'lnace. n.f. [from aulnage, or au-
nage, Fr.] f.U-nieafure, or rather the
meafuring by the ell or yard. Di3.

A'lnight. n.f. [from a// and «/g-/'/.]

A fervice which they call almgbt, is a great cake
of wax, with the wick in the midft j whereby it
Cometh to pafs, that the wick fetcheth the nourilh-
ment farther off. Bacon.

A'LOES. n.f. [obni*, as it is fnppofed.]
A term applied to three different things.

1. A precious wood ufed, in the Eaft, for
perfumes, of which the bell fort is
01 higher price than gold, and was the
moft valuable prefent given by the king
of Siam, in 1686, to the king of France.
It is called Tambac, and is the heart, or
innermofl part, of the aloe tree; the next
part to which is called Calembac, which
IS Ibmetimes imported into Europe, and,
though of inferiour value to the Tambac,
is much eileemed : the part next the
bark is termed, by the Portuguefe, Pao
d^uquila, or eagle-wood ; but fome ac-
count the eagle-wood not the outer part
of the Tambac, but another fpccies. Our
knowledge of this wood is yet very im-
perfeft. Salary.

z. Ahes is a tree which grows in hot coun-
tries, and even in the miountains of
Spain.

3. Aloes is a medicinal juice, extrafted, not
from the odoriferous, but the common
aloes tree, by cutting the leaves, and ex-
pofing the juice that drops from them to
the fun. It is di/linguifhed into Sccoto-

A L O

rlne and Caballine, or liorfe aloes : the
firft is lo called from Sccotora ; the fe-
cond, becaufe, being coarfer, it ought
to be confined to the ufe of farriers. It
is a warm and ftrong cathartick.
Aloe'tical. adj. [f.'om aloes."] Con-
fifting chiefly of aloes.

It may be excicea by ahttical, fcammoniate, or
acrimonious medicines. lyijemars Surgery,

Aloe'tick. n.f. [fromfl/of/.j Any me-
dicine is fo called, which chiefly confifls
of aloes. ^iiicy.

Alo'ft. ad-v, [^loffter, to lift up, Dan^
Loft air, Icelandijh ; fo that aloft is, into
the air.] On high ; above ; in the air:
a word ufed chiefly in poetry.

For I have read in (lories oft.
That love has wings, and foars alft, SuckUn^,

Upright he ftood, and bore akjt h's fliicld
Confpicuous from afar, and overlook'd the field.

Z?Q den^

Alo'ft. prep. Above.

The great luminary
Ahft the vulgar conftellations thick,
That from his lordly eye kec-p dil'ance due,
Difpenfcs light from far. M'dnin^s Paradife LoJ}*
A'looy. n. f. [a^oy©-.] Unreafonable-
nefs ; abfurdity. Dia.

Alo'ne. adj. [alleea, Dutch; from a/ and
een, or one, that is, fngle.]

1 . Without another.

The quarrel touchcLh none but us aUfte;
Betwixt ourfelves let ;s decide it then. Hbakefpm

If by a mortal hand my father's rhroiie
Could be defended, 'twas by mine ulone, Drydert*

God, by whofc alone pjwer and converfation we
all live, and move, and have our being. Benl/ey*

2. Without company ; folitary.

Eagles we fee fly a/one, and they are but (hecp
which always herd together. Sidney*

Alone, for other creature in this place
Living, or lifdcfs, to be found was none. Milton^

I never durrt in darknefs be ahne, Dryden*

Alo'ne. ad-u.

1. This word is feldom ufed but with the
word let, if even then it be an adverb.
It implies fometimes an ironical prohi-
bition, forbidding to help a man who i»
able to manage the affair himfclf.

Le: us alone to guard Corioii,
If they fet down before 's } 'fore they remove.
Bring up your army. Sbi^keJ^earu

Lei you alone, cunning artificer ;
See how his gorget peers above his gown.
To tell the people in what darger he was.

Ben yonfott^

2. To forbear ; to leave undone.

His cHcnt dole it, but he had better have let it
alone; for he lo!l his caufe by his jeff. Addijon,.
Alo'nq. ad~j. [au longne, Fr.]

1. At length.

Some rr.wl a mighty ftone ; fome laid along.
And bound with burning wires, on (pokes of
wh-eis a c hung. Dryden,

2. Through any (pace mcafured length-
wife.

A firebrand carried along, leaveth a fra'n of light
behind it. Bjeon'i Ifalural UiJI'jiy^

W'lerc Ufens glides along the lowly lands.
Or the black water of Pnmptii.a (Inndy. Drydcn*

3. Throughout ; in the whole : with ali
prefixed.

bilomon, all along in his Proverb", givi-s the
title of fool to a wicked man. Tilhtjon,

They were all along a crofs, untoward f )rc cf
people. Soutbm.

4. Joined with the particle ivitb; in com-
pany i joined with.

l>our

A L O

I ynur cotnm'inion will foithwirh difpitch,
'An<l he to England (hall ahn^ with you.

Shaltfffnarc^s Hamlet.

Hence then t and Evil go vmh chee a!img,

.Thy ofTspring, to the place of evil, Hell. Alilur.

Religious ze.ll is fubjedl to an excefs, and to a

defeft, when fnm-thing is mingled with it which

■ it Aiould not have; or wlwn it wants fomething

that ought to j;o »i/o»j|' ^rA it, Sfral.

5. Sometimes I'jiib is uiiderflood.

Command thy (laves : my free-born foul difdains
A Tyrant's curb, and reftive breaks the reins.
Talcc thx&aLngy and no difpute Hiall rife
' (Though mine the woman) for my raviih'd prize.

■6. Fonvard ; onward. In this fenfe it is
.derived from allons, French.

Come then, my friend, my genius, comt afoftg,
Thou mafter of the poet and tlie fong. Pspc.

Alo'ncst. ati-v. [a corruption, as it
-';feems, from along.] Along; through
the length.

Tlic Turks did keep ftrait watch and ward in all
their ports alotigjl the fca coaft.

KmlUs's Hijlory cf:te Turks.
Alo'of. aii'v. [all off", that is, gui/e 0^'.]
I. At a diftance ; with the particleyru/a.
•It generally implies a fmall dillance,
• fuch as is wichia view or obfervation.

Then bade the knight this la.iy jc^c «fct/.
And to an hill herfelf withdraw afide,
Trom whence flie might behold the battle's proof,
And elfe be fate from danger far dcfciicd.

Feiry Slucn.
As next in waith,
.Came fingly where he itoo^[, on the bare Hrand,
While the promifcuous crowd flood ypxa!oof.

Miitm's Paraaie Loft
The noife approaches, though our palace flood
.jj/ooffrcm llreets, encompafs'd with a wooi.

Dr-yilert.

z. Applied to perfons, it often infinuates
caution and circumfpeftion.

Turn on the bloody hounds with heads of ftcel.
And make the cowards fland d/iw/'at bay. SbaUfjt.

Going northwards, ahof, as long as they had any
duubt of being purfued ; at lafl, when thry were
out cf reach, they turned and crofled the ocean to
Spain. Baan.

The king would not, by any means, enter thr
city, until he had aiocf (etn the crofs fct up upon
the greater tower of Granada, whereby it became
Chriftian ground. Bacon.

Two pots flood by a river, one of brafs, the
other of clay. The water carried them away ; the
earthen veflel kept alocffrom t'other.

L'EJlrange'i FahUs.

The ftrong may fight ahaf; Ancaeus try'd
His force too near, and by prefuming dy'd.

VrydetCs FabUi.

3. In a figurative fenfe, it is ufed to import
art or cunning in converfation, by which
a man holds the principal queition at a
diftance.

Nor do we find him forward to be founded ;
But with a.crafty madnefs keeps aUof,
When we would bring him on to fome confcfTion
'Of his true flate, Shaktfpeari'i Hjm/er.

4. It is ufed metaphorically of perfons that
will not be feen in a defign.

If is neceffary the queen join ; for, if flie fland
tf/co/", there will be ftill lufpicions: it being a re-
ceived opinion, that flie-hajl' a great interefl in ihe
• king's favour and power. Sncklmg.

5. It is applied to things not properly be-
longing tp each other.

Love's not love,
When iris mingled with regards that fland
Ai'txffrem tli' entire point. Shahffetite's K. [.ear,

Ai.o'uD. cdiv. [from « and /o«./.] LouJly;
with a ftrong voice; with a great noi4e.

A L S

Strangled he lies I yet fccms to eryalmJ,
To want the mighty, and inftrud the prjulj
That of the great, negledling to be juit,
Hcav'nina moment makes an heap of diift, H^alUr.

Then heai'n's high monarch thund'red thrice
atoutif
And thrice he (hook aloft a golden cloud. DryJen.

Alo'w. at/v. [from a and /aw.] In a low
place ; not aloft.

And now alvzvt and now aloft they Hy,
As borne through air, and feem to touch the (ky.

Drydcn.

A'lPHA. n. /. The firft letter in the
Greek alphabet, anfwering to our A ;
therefore ufed to fignify the firft.

J am alpha and omc^a, the beginning and the
ending, faith the Lord, which is, and which was,
and which is to come, the Al.nighty. Rcvelationi.

A'LPHABET. n. f. [from ^Mpa, alpha,
and ^iTtt, beta, the two firft letters of
the Greeks.] The order of the letters,
or elements of fpeech.

Thou flialt not figh,
Nnr wink, nor nod, nor kneel, nor make a fign.
But I of thcfe will reft an alflahtt.
And by ftill pra£lii||( learn to know thy meaning.

Sbakeffteare.
The letters of the a'.fhahel, formed by tho ("cve-
ral motions of the mouth, and the great variety of
fyliables compofed of letters, and formed with al-
nioft equal velocity, and the endlefs number of
w.trds capable of being framed out of the aiphabet,
either of more fyllables, or of one, are wonderful.

IMder.
Taught by their nurfes, little children get
This fayirg, fooner than their alfhalet.

Drytl. jun. Juv.

To A'lphabet. t>. a. [from alphabet,
noun.] To range in the order of the
alphabet.

.Alphabe'tical. \adj. [from alphabet;

Alphabe'tick. i alphaietique.Fr.l In
the order of the alphabet; according to
the feries of letters.

] have dig^ifted in an alphabetical order, all the
counties, corporations, and boroughs in Great Bri-
tain, with the.r rtfpedlve tempers. Siu'ift.

Alphas e'c i c a l l y . adv. [ from alpha-
betical.] In an alphabetical manner;
according to the order of the letters.

i had once in my thouglits to contrive a gram-
mar, more than I can now comprilt: in fii>rt hints;
and a di£fionary, at^babeticaUj containing the
words of the languagr, \^h1th%hc deaf pcrfon is to
learn. HaUcr's F.'ancnn of Speech.

Alre'ady. flifo. i[frora «// and ready.]
At this prelent time, or at fome time
paft ; oppofeJ to futurity ; as, fVill he
come foot! ? He is here already. IVill it
be done ? It has been done already.

Touching our uniformity, that wliicii hath been
already anfwered, may ferve for anfwcr. Hickcr.

You warn'd me ftill of loving two ;
Can I love him, already loving y-tw ?

DrydtJI^i Irdian Empercr.

See, the guards, from yon fa^ eaftern hill
Already move, no longer flay aftord ;
High in the air they wave the flaming fword.
Your fignal to depart. Drydcn's State 0/ Inncccr.cc.

Methods for the advancement of piety, are in
the power of a prince, limited like ours, by a i\r\&.
execution of tlie laws already in force. Swift.

A^cthinks, already 1 your tears furvey,
Already hear the horrid things they fay,
Already fee you a degraded toaft.
And all your honour in a whifpcr loft \ Vnpt.

Als. adv. [als, Dutch.] Alfo ; likewife:
a word now out of ufe.

Srd remembrance now the prince amoves
With frelh defire his voyage to purfue ;
Ali Una eai n'd her travel to renew. Fairy f^uetn.

ALT

X\.so.aJv. [from a//andya.]

1. In the fame manner ; likewife.

In thefe two, no doubt, are contained the caofei
of the great dc.ug;:, as according to Motes, fo alft
according to nc^ellity ; for our world aflords no
other treafurcs of wat^r. Burnet's Tbery.

2. Jlj'o is fometimes neaily the fame with
and, and only conjoins the members of
the fentencc.

Cod dj I'o CO me, and more alfa.

I Sartuel, x!v. 44,

A'ltar. «./. [altare, Lat. It is obfervcd
by Junius, that the word al:ar is re-
ceived, with chriftianity, in all the Eu-
ropean languages ; and that altare is
ufed by one of the Fathers, as appro-
priated to the Chriftian worftiip, in op-
pofttion to the ara of gentilifm.]

1 . The place where offerings to heaven arc
laid.

The goddefs of the nuptial bed,
Tir'd with her vain devotions for the dead,
Refjiv'd the tainted hand (hould be re^ell'd.
Which incenfe offer'd, and her altar held. Dryd,

2. The table in Chriftian churches where
the communion is adminillered.

Her grace rofe, and, with inodeft paces.
Came to the altar, where (he kncei'd, and faintlike
Cafl her fair eyes to heav'n, aud piay'd devoutly.

Sbakefpean^
A'ltarace. ». /T [allaragium, Lzt.] An
emolument ariiing to the prieft from
oblations, through the means of the
altar. Ajliji's Parcrgon.

A'ltar.-ci.oth. n. f. [from altar and
cloth.] The cloth thrown over the altar
in chtrches.

I (houid fet down the wealth, books, hangings,
and altar-cloths, which our kings gave this abbey.
Peacbam on Dratvir.g^
To A'LTER, v. a. [altercr, Fr. from al.
ter, Lat.]

1. To change; to make otherwife than it
i?. To alter, fcems more prope?ly to
imply a change made only in fome part
cf a thing; as, to alter a writing, may
be, to blot, or interpolate it ; to change
it, may be, to fubftitute another in its
place. With froii and to ; as, her face .
is altered from pale to red.

Uo you note
How much her grace is altcr'd on the fuddcn ?
How long her face is drawn ? how pale flic looks.
And of an earthly cold ? Sbjiefpcare's Henry VIII.
Afts appropriated to the worih'p of Gjd, by his
own appjintmenr, muft continue fo, till himfelf
hath otherwife declared: for who dares alter whit
God hath appointed ? Siiltin^fi it.

2. To take ofFfrom a perfuafion, pradice,
or fett.

For the way of writing plays in verfe, I find it
troubkfome and flow j but 1 am no way alt-red
from my opinion of it, at leaft with any reafons
which have oppofed it. Dryden.

To A'LTER. v. n. To become otherwife
than it was; as, the tueather alters yr««i
bright to cloudy.
A'lterable. adj. [from alter; alterable,
Fr.] That which may be altered or
changed by fomething elfe ; diftinft
from changeable, or that which changes,
or may change itfelf.

That aUeviihtc reipc^ts are realities in natur3,
will never be admitted by a confidcrate difcerncr.

Glanv'tlle*
Our condition in this world Is mutable and un-
certain,

ALT

certain, a'teraUt by a thoufand accidents, which
we can neither forefce nor prevent. Rogers,

I wifh they had been more clear in their direc-
tions upon that mighty point, Whether the fettle-
ir.ent of the fucceffion in the Houfe of Hanover
be ttltrrabk, or no ? Snvifl.

A'lterableness. n.f. [from alterable.']
The quality of bein^ alterable, or ad-
mitting change from external caufes.
A'lterably. adii. [from a/ieraile.] In

fuch a manner as may be altered.
A'lterage. !t./. [froma/o.] The breed-
ing, nourilhing, or foftering of a child.

In Ireland they put their children to fofterers :
the rich fell, the meaner fort buying the altirage
of their children ; and che reafon is, becaufe, in
the opinion of the people, foftering has always
been a ftrongcr alliance than blood.

Sir John DaiiUs on Ireland,
A'lterant. adj. [^alterant, Fr.] That
which has the power of producing
changes in any thing.

And whether the body be alterant or altered,
evermore a perception precedeth operation ; for
elfc all bodies would be alike one to another.

Bacon.
Altera'tion. »./. [_hom alter ; altera-
tion, Fr.]

1. The aft of altering or changing.

.^Iteration, though it be from worfc to better,
hath in it inconveniencies, and thofc weighty.

Hodttr.

2. The change made.

Why may we not prefume, that Cod doth even
call for fuch change or alteration, as the very
condition of things themfcives doth make necef-
fary ? Htcker.

So he, with difficulty and labour hard,
Mov'd on :

But he once paft, loon after, when man fell.
Strange alteration ! Sin, and Death, amain
Following his track (fuch wa< the will of heav'n !)
Pav'd after him a broaJ and beaten way, Mi/tc^n,

No other alteraiicn will fatitfy ; nor this neither,
very long, without an utter abolition of all order.

Scuth.

Appins Claudius admitted to the fenate the

fons of thofe who had been Haves ; by which,

and fucceeding alterations, that council degenerated

into a moil corrupt body. Swift.

A'lterative. aeij. [from eiller.']

Medicines called alterati-ve, are fuch as have
no frimediate fenfible operation, but gradually
gain upon the conilitution, by changing the hu-
mours from a llate of diftcmperature to health.
They are oppofed to evac^ani:. *^incy.

When there is an eiuption of humour in any
part, it is not cured merely by outward applica-
tions, but by fuch alterative medicines as purity
the blood. Governm<nt of the Tcngur,

Alterc a'tiov. tt. /. [altercation, Fr.
from altercer, Lat.] Debate ; contro-
veriy ; wrangle.

By this hot purfuit of lower controverfies
amongfl men prot'effing religion, and agreeirg in
the principal foundations thereof, they conceive
hope, that, about the higher principles thcmfelvrs,
time will caufe altercation to grow. Hotker.

Their whole life was little elfc than a perpetual
wrangling and altercation ; a.id that, many times,
rather for viftory and oftentation of wit, than a
fober and ferious fcarch of truth.

Hakevjil! en Prcvittence.

Alte'rn. a/^'. [alfernus, Lat.] Afling by
turns, in fucceflion each to the other.
And God made two great liijhts, great for their
ufe
To man; the greater to have rule by day.
The lefs by night, a/tern. Milton.

Ai.te'rnacy. «./. [from «//«r»<i/*.] Ac-
tion performed by turns.
Vol. I.

ALT

IALTE'RNATE. adj. [allernu,, Lat.]
I Being by turns; one after another j re-
ciprocal.

Friendfliip confifts properly in mutual offices,
and a generous ftrife in alternate afls of kind-
nefs. South.

Hear how Timotheus' various lays furprife.
And bid alternate palTions fall and rife !
While, at each change, the fon of Lybian Jove
Now burns with glory, and th« melts with love.

Pope.

Alte'rnate angles [in geometry]
are the internal angles made by a line
cutting two parallels, and lying on the
oppofite fides of the cutting line ; the
one below the firft parallel, and the
other above the fecond.

-Alte'rnate. a./ [from alternate, adj. ]
That which happens alternately ; vicif-
fitude.

And rais'd io pleafure, or repos'd in eafe,
Grateful alternates of fubftantial peace.
They blcfs the long nofturnal influence (hed
On the crown'd goblet, and the genial bed. Prior.

To Alte'rnate. i-. a. [alterno, Lat.]

1. To perform alternately.

Thofe who, in their courfc.
Melodious hymns about the fov'reign throne
jllternate all night long. Milton.

2. To change one thing for another re-
ciprocally.

The moft high God, in all things appertaining
unto this life, for fundry wife ends, alternates the
difpofition of good and evil. Gre^v.

Alte'rnately. ad'v. [from alternate.]
In reciprocal fucceflion, fo that each
(hall be fuccceded by that which it fuc-
ceeds, as light follows darknefs, and
darknefs follows light.

The princefs Mclefinda, bath'd in tears.
And tols'd altirnately with hopes and fears.
Would learn from you tlic fui tunes of her lord.

Drjlien.

Unhappy man ! whom forrow thus and rage

To different ills alternately engage. Prior.

The rays of light are, by fome caufe or other,

alternately difpofcd to be reflcdted or tefrafted for

many vicilTltudci. Nenvtcn.

Alte'rnatev ESS. It./, [from alternate.]

The quality of being alternate, or of

happening in reciprocal fucceflion. DiJi.

Alterna'tiov. n./. [from alternate.]

The reciprocal fucceffion of things.

The one wnulil be opprcHed with conftant heat,
th; other with infuffcrablc cold j ar.d fo the defeif
of alteinj'kn w.iulii utterly impugn the generation
of all things. Brown.

Al t e'r N A t I V E . w. y. [alteriiatif, Fr.]
The choice given of two things; fo that
if one be rejeded, the other rauft be
taken.

A ft range altrrnatrve
Muft ladies have a doftor, or a dance ? Toiing.
Alte'rnatively. adv. [{rom alterna-
tive.] In alternate manner; by turns;
reciprocally.

An appeal alternatively made may be tolerated
by the civil law as valid. Ayhfft's Parrrg n,

Alte'rnaTivbness. n.f. [from alter-
naiive.] The quality or ftate of being
alternative ; reciprocation. Diel.

Alte'rnity. n.j. [(torn aliern.] Reci-
procal fucceflion ; viciflitude ; turn ;
mutual change of one thing for another;
reciprocation.

They imagine, thnt an animal of the vaftcft
dimenfiofc*, and longtft duration, fliould live in

ALT

a continual motion, without the ahenitj and vi-
ciflitude of reft, whereby all other animals con-
tinue. Brovins Vulgar Errours.

Altho'ugh. conj. [from all and though.
See Though.] Notwithftanding ; how-
ever it may be granted ; however it
may be that.

We all know, that many things are believed,
although they be intricate, obfcure, and dark;
although they exceed the reach and capacity of our
witsj yea, although in tliis world they be no way
poflible to be underftood. Hooker.

Mc the gold of France did not fcduce.
Although I did admit it as a motive
The fooner to efteft what I intended. Shakejp.
The ftrefs muft be laid upon a majority; with-
out which the laws would be of little weight, al-
though tliey be good additional fecurities. S-wift.

A'ltigrade, adj. [from alius z,nA gra-
dior, Lat.] Rifmg on high. Dia.

Alti'loquence. n.f. [altus and Itijuor,
Lat.] Highfpeech; pompous language.

Alti'metry. n./. [altimetria, Lat. from
altus and /itT{o».] The art of taking or
meafuring altitudes or heights, whether
acceflible or inacceflible, generally per-
formed by a quadrant.

A L T i^so N A N t . 1 adj.[alti/onus,hz.X.] High

Alti'sonous. j founding; pompous or
lofty in found. £)/^,

A'ltituDe, n.f. [altitudo, Lat.]

1 . Height of place ; fpace mcafured up-
ward.

Ten mafts attach'd make not the altitude.
Which thou haft perpendicularly fall'n. Shakeff.

Some define the perpendicular altitude of the
higheft mountains to be four miles j others but
fifteen furlongs. Brovin,

She fliines above, we know, bat in what place.
How near the throne, and heav'n's imperial face.
By our weak optics is but vainly guefs d j
Diftance and altitude conceal the reft. DryJtn,

2. The elevation of any of the heavenly
bodies above the horizon.

Even unto the latitude of fifty, two, the efficacy
thereof is not much confiJerable, whether we
confider its afcent, meridian, altitude, or abode
above the horizon. Brown's Vulgar Errours,

Has not a poet more virtues and vices within
his circle, cannot he obferve them and their in-
fluences in tlieir oppofitions and conjunflions, in
their altitudes and Ccpreflions .> Rymtr.

3. Situation with regard to lower things.

Thofc members which arc pairs, ftand by one
anotlier m equal altitude, and anfwcr on each fide
one to another. Bay,

5. Height of excellence ; fuperiority.

Your altitude offends the eyes
Of thofe who want the power to rife. Sivifi,

5. Height of degree ; highell point.

He uid it to plcafe his mother, and to be partly

proud i which he is, even to the altitude of his

, ""'^"V Shake/pear,.

Alti volant. «<^'. [altivolans, Lai. from
alius and -velo.] High flying. Dia.

A'l together, ad-v. [from all and to-
gether. ]

I. Completely ; without reftriftion ; with-
out exception.

It is in vain to fpeak »f planting laws, and
plotting policy, till the people be altogether fub.

•'"'^; ^ , Sfenfcr-, State of Ireland.

We find not in the world any people that hath
lived altogether without religion. Ho'ker.

If death and danger are things that really CanJ
not be endured, no man could ever be obliged
to (uffcr for his confcicnce, or to die for his re-
ligion j it being altogether as abfurd to imagine
a man obliged to fuller, as to do impoflibilities.

ir South.

A M

A M A

A MA

i id not aingnhtr iifsfprnve of the manner of

rnwrwearing text* of fcripture through the fty'f

of vur Sermon. Swift*

2. Conjunftly ; in Mmpany. This is ri-

ther all tagftker.

Coi.fir-of Sonxrret) join jrou wifli mr.
And aiibgeibtr with tlii: diilce of Stii^JllCy
We'll Quickly hoift ^ke Humphry from his feat.

Sbakefpeare,

jtLVDEL. rt.f. [from <i and /«/»« ; that
is, iLiikntit Jute."]

Midch arc rubliinir.g pot? ufed in chemiftry,
Without bottoms, and fitted into one another, a&
many as there i« «c3licn for, without luting. At
the bottom of the furnace is a pot that holds the
matter to^e fublitr.ed ; and at the top is i head,
to retain the fl'-wers that rife up. ^irrj?.

A'LUM. *./ [alumen, Lat.]

A kind of mineral fait, of an acid tafle, leaving
•Sn the mouth a fcnfe of fweetnefs, accompanied
with a confiderable degree ef aUringeney. The
ancient naturaljfis allow of two forts of a/tm, natu-
ral and 'factitious. I'be natural is found in the
ifl.ind of M.Io, being a kind of whitiih (lore, very
lighf, friable, and porous, and ftreaked with fila-
ments refcmbling filver. England, Italy, ana
Flanders, are the countries where olrnn is princi-
pally produced ; and the English rocht-aium is
madt from a b!uiih mineral ftone, in the hills 0/
Vorkfhire and LancaOiire.

Satdariix tlam i» a conipofition of common
^lumy with rofe-water and whites of eggs boiled :o-
gether, to the confluence of a pallc, and thus
moulded at pleafure. As it cools, it grows hard as
a Aofie.

Burnt alum is alum calcined over the fitt!.

P/uTnoJi QT pjume afum is a fort of faline mineral
ftone, of various coloyrs, moft commonly while,
twrdering on gicen ; it rifes in threads or fibres,
rcfembling thofe of a feather j whence its name
from pluma, a feather. Cbamhers.

By long beating the white of an egg with a
lump of a/unt, you may bring it, for tiic moil
part, into white curds. Boy/i.

Alum stone, ti.f. A ftone or calx ufed
in forgery ; perhaps alum ciJcineil,
which then becomes corrofive.

She gargled with oxycrate, and was in a few-
days cured, by touching it with the vitriol and
a/amfioties, tVifeman^

Alu'minous. adj. [from o/««.] Relating
to alum, or conlilling of alum.

Nor do we realbnably conclude, bccaufe, by a
Cold and a.'uminrui moifture, it is able awhile to
lefift the fire, that, from a peculiarity of nature,
it fubfideih and livcth in it. Brvivn.

The tumour may have other mixture with it,
to make it of a vitriolic or alum'wout nature.

lyiftmani Surgfry,

A'lways. /jJv. [It Is (bmetimes written
ahvay, compounded of all and ivay ;
eallepKja, Sax. iuttaniia, Ital.]

1. Perpetually; throughout all time: op
pofed lo/ometime, or iOtie'ver.

That, which fometimc is expedient, doth not

tltoayi fo continue. HsAcr.

Man never is, but ahogyt {o be bleft. Pope.

2. Conftantly ; without variation: oppofed
tojometimes, or to iioiv and then.

He is altvayt gnat, when fome great occtfion
is prcfented to him. DrytUti.

A. M. ftands for artium magifter, or maf-
ler of arts ; the fecond degree of our
univerfities, which, in fome foreign
countries, is called doftor of philoibphy.

Am. The firft perfon of the verb to he.
[See To Be.]

And God faid unto Mofes, I am that I am :
and he faid, thus (halt thou fay unto the children
vf IIHcl, I ^m bath fent me uato you.

ExoJus, iij. 14.

Come thM), my fouls I call thee by that rime,
Th ni bufy thing, from whence 1 know 1 am ;
tor knowing thjl 1 am, 1 know thou nt;
Sinte that muft iitcds exia, which can impart.

Prior.
Amabi'litv. ». f. [from amabills, Lat]
Lovelinefs ; the power of pleaiing.

No rules can make anubility, our minds and ,
apprclienfions make thatj and fo is our felicity.

Taylcr.

AMADKTTO. n.f. A fort of pear [See
Pear] fo called, fays Skiiiner, from
the name of him who cultivated it.
jfMADOT. n. /. A fort of pear. [See

Pear.]
AMA'iN.<»</f. [from maine, OTmai^r.e, old
Fr. derived from magnus, Lat.] With
vehemence ; with vig.far ; fiercely ; vio-
lently. It is ufed of any aftion per-
formed with precipitation, whether of
fear or courage, or of any violent ef-
fort.

Great lords, from Ireland am I come awain.
To fignify that rebels tiiere are up. Shakcjfeart,
What ! when we fit J iaain, purfu'd, and ftruck
With hoav'n's affl'.Aing thunuer, anrf befcught
The deep to Iheltcr us ? Mi'.UB.

1 he bills, to their fupply.
Vapour and exhalation, dulk and moilV,
Sent up amain, Mihon.

From hence the boar was roas'd, and iprung
amainy
Like light'ning fudden, dn the warriour train.
Beats d'jwn the trees before him, (hakes the

ground j
The foreft echoes to the crackling found,
Shout the fierce youth, and clamours ring around.

Dry den.
AMA'LGAM. 7». /. [a^a and ya(*iri..]

AMJ'LGJMJ. 5 The mixture of metals
procured by amalgamation. See Amal-
gamation.

The induration of the amalgam appears to pro-
ceed from the ne.v texture refulting from the coa-
lition of the mingled ingredients, that make op the
amalgam. Bsyle.

To Ama'lcamate. <v. a. [from amal-
gam.] To unite metals with quickfilver,
which may be prattifed upon all me-
tals, except iron and copper. The ufe
of this operation is, to make the me-
tal loft and ductile. Gold is, by this
method, drawn over other materials by
the gilders.
A M A L c A M a't I o N . ft. /. [ from dfia/ga-
mnte.] The adl or pratVice of amalga-
mating metals.

Amal^i:nwti<.n is the mixlrg of mercury with any
of the metals. The manner is thus in gold, the
rell arc anfwerable : Take fix ports of mercury,
mix them hot in a crucible, and pjur them to one
p«rt of gold made red hot in another truc.ble ; ftir
thefe well that thi-y may incorporate} then calltii;
mafs into cold water, and walh it. Bacan.

Amakda'tion, «./ [from amatrJo, Lm.]
The aft of fending on a meliage, or
emplovment.
MIANVErNSIS. n.f. [Lnt.] A perfon

who writes what another ditlates.
A'm a r a n t h. n.f. \amarnKthus, Lat. from
« and liotfiita.] I'he name of a plant.
Among the many fpecies, the moft
beautiful are, I. The tree amaranlb.
2. The long pendulous amttranth, with
reddifli coloured feeds, commonly called
Lo've lies a bleeding.
2. In poetry, it is fometimcs an imaginary

flower, foppofed, according to its naa»e«

never to tade.

Immortal aaaranih I a 6owcr which once
In paradifc, fuft by the tree of \.{e,
Bc^an to bloom j but fuon, fur man*s olTence,
To heav'n remov'd, wlicre fiift it grew, ther*

grow?.
And flow'rs aloft, (hading the fount of life)
And where rbc river o( lilifs, thro' mid(V of

beav'n.
Rolls o'er Elyfun dow'rs her amber (Iream i
With tbele, that never fade, the fpirits eledl
Bind their rtfplendent lockf, inwr-ath'd with
beams. MUtont Para,{ift Lift,

Amaha'nthine. adj. [amaranthinus,
Lat.] Relating to amaranths; confiding
of amaranths.

By the ftrcams that ever flow.
By the fragrant winds that blow

O'er the Elyljan flow'rs ;
By thofe happy fouls that dwell
In ytllotv meads of afphodel.

Or amarantkim bow'rs. P^e,

Ama'ritude. ». /. [amaritado, Lat.]
Bittemefs.

What amariiudi or acrimony is dejrehendcd in
ch?ter, it acquiies from a commixture of melan-
choly, or exixrnal malign bodies.

llar^'ty en Canfumptimi,

Ama'rulence. a./, [amarifudo, Lat.]

Bittemefs. i>/V?.

Ama'sment. k. /. [from ama/s.'] A heap;

an accumulation ; a colleftion.

What is nov.r, is but an amaj'rmnt of imaginary
conceptions, prejudices, ungrounded opinions, and
iiilinite impoftures.

Glanvillet Scepjis Seient'ifca*
To AMA'SS. -J. a. [amaj/ir, Fr.]

1. To colleft together in one heap or mafs.

I'he rich man is not blamed, as having made
ufe of any unlawful means to amaj't richer, as
luving thriven by fraud and injullice.

Aiterhury^i Serm^i,

When we would tiiink of inliniie fpace, or du.
ration, we, at firft ftep, uf>ially make fome very
large idea, as perhaps of millions of ages, or
miles, which pofiibly we- double and multiply
feveial times. All that we^hus amajs together
in our thoughts, is pofitive, and the alTcmblage
of a great number of pofitive ideas of fpace or
duration. Lochu

2. In a figurative fenfe, to add one thing
to another, generally with fome ihare
of reproach, cither of cagemefs or in-
difcrimination.

Such as ar.aji all relatione, muft err in fome,
and be unbelievcd in many. Brif-atn^s Vul. Krrours,

Do not content yourfclves with mere words, left
your improvements only amaft a heap of unintel-
ligible phrafes. H'^atti^i Smpr, of the Mind*

'Ihe life of Homer has been written, by amajjing
of all the traditions and hiiit£ the writcn could
meet with, in order to tell a ftory of him to the
world. Pope,

Ama'ss. »./. [amaj, Fr.] An iUTemblage;
an accumulation.

This pillar is but a medley or amafi of all the
precedent ornraments, making a new kind by
(health. fyolton.

To Am a't e. v, a. [from «and mate.'] Sec
Mate.]

1. To accompany; to entertain as a com-
panion. It is now obfolcte.

A lovely bevy of f>ir ladies fate.
Courted of mai:y a jolly paramour.
The which did them in modcft wife ornate^
And each one fought his lady to aerate.

Fairy Sluetn.

2. To terrify ; to ftrike with horrour. In
this fcnfe, it is derived from the oM
French matter, to crufli or fubJue.

^ Amato'r-

A MA

AMATo'nCULIST.H.y^ [o(Wij/9rcaA//,Lat. ]
A little infignificant lover ; a pretender
to aiFeftion. Di^l.

A'viATORsr. adj. [amatorius, Lat.] Rela-
ting to love ; eaufing love.

Il is the Ume tiling whether one raviihj-ucretia
by forcr, as Tarquln, or \j amatory pations not
only allure her, but neccifuate her to fatisfy his
lull, and iacUne her cfTc^lually, and draw her in-
evitably, to follow him fpontanejufly.

Brjinhitm ugalnjl llohbes,

jfM^fURO'SIS. n.f. [iuavfiu!.] A dimnefs
of fight, not from any vifible defefl in
the eye, but from feme diilemperatare
of the inner parts, occafioning the re-
prefentations of flies and dull floating
before the eyes : which appearances are
the parts of the retina hid and cotn-
preflcd by the blood-veflels being too
much dillended ; fo that, in many of
its parts, all fenfe is loft, and therefore
no images can be painted upon them ;
whereby the eyes, continually rolling
round, many parts of objefts falling
focceflively upon them, are obfcure. The
cure of this depends upon a removal of
the ftagnations in the extremities of
thofe arteries which run over the bottom
of the eye. ' ^incy.

ToAMA'ZE. V. a. [from a and maK.e,
perplexity.]

1. To confufe with terrour.

Yea, I will make many people amazed at thee,
and their kings (hall be horribly afraid for thee,
when I /hall brandjih my fword before them, and
they ihall tremble at every moment ; every man
for his own life in the day of the fall. Ezdiil.

2. To put into confufion with wonder.

Go, heav'nly pair, and with your dazzling
virtues,
your courage, truth, yoor innocence and love,
^r:jxf and charm mankind. Smith,

3. To put into perplexity.

That cannot chnofe but amaze him. If he be
not amazed, he w-ll he mocked j if he be amazed,
he will every way be mocked. Shaktf; care

Ama'ze. n.f. [from the verb a/.vaz^.] A-
ftonilhmeut ; confufion, either of fear
or wonder.-

Fsirfai, whofe name in arms thro' Europe rings,
And filis alt mouths with envy or with praife,
And ail her jealous monarchs with amaze, Miitcr.

Meantime the Trojan cuts his wat'ry way,
Fii'd on h'» voyage, through the curling fca ;
Then carting back his eyes, with dire amaze,
Seea on the Punick Ihore the mounting bUae.

Dryden,

Ama'zedlv. fl^^y. [from amazei/.] Con-
fufedly ; with amazement ; with confu-
fion.

I (prA amazeJ/y, and it becomes
My rurv', and my meflage. Shalefpeare,

'.'>■ '■.',-. ' I jtbeth thu; amazedly f
Cun,! , fi Kri,, cheer we up his (prights. Shalefp,
Ama'zedness. n,/. [from amax.ed,] The
ftate of bfiing amazed; aftonilhment;
wonder ; confjfion.

I was by at the opining of the farthel, heard
the old Ihepherd deliver the manner how he fouiid
it i whereupon, after a little ameztdnejt, we were
all o-nminJed out of the chamb:^^. Hhakej!>.

Ama'zement. »./ [from amaxt,]
I. Such a confufed apprehenfion as docs
not leave realon its full force ; extreme
fear ; horrour.

He arifwer'd nought at all; but adding new .
Fear to his firft amazemtrt, (faring wide,
With ftony cye<, and hcartlefs hollow hue.

A M B

Aitonifli'd ftood, as one that had efpy'J
Infernal furies, with their cltaius unty'd.

rairy S^uen.
But look ! amazimenf on thy mother fits j
O ftep between her and her fighting foul 1
Conceit in weaken bodiet ftiCii^cK »unl;s.

S^keffeart.

2. Extreme dejedlion.

He ended, ani his words imprcflion left
Of much amazemsnt to th' infernal crew,
Diftrai5led and lurpris'd with deep difmay
At thelc fad lidirgs, Milton,

3. Height of admiration.

Had you, fome ages paft, this race of glory
Run, With amaz'ment we (houlJ read your ftory ;
But living virtue, all atchie^ements paft,
Meets tn\y ftitl to grapple with at laft. JViiUcr.

4. Aftonifliment ; wonder at an unexpeft-
ed event.

They knew that it was he which fat for alms at
the Beautiful Gate of the temple, and they were
fiUcd with wonJcr and amazement at that which
had happened unto him. ^ A3i-

A^^'T.ifiC. partkiptal ad}, [from amax,e.\
Wonderful; allonii'hing.

It is an amassing thing to lee the prefent dofola-
tipn ':ii itaiy, when one coufiJcrs what incredible
multitudes it abounded with during the rcij^ns of
the R.>oian emperours. Addtfcn.

Ama'zincly. ad'u. [from amazing.'\ To
a degree that may excite aftonilhment ;
wonderfully.

If we arife to the world of fpirits, our know-
ledge of them muft be amazingly imperfect, whe,i
there is not the leaft grain of fand but has too many
difficulties belonging to it for thewifeft philofopher
toanfwer. lVatii'% Log!ck.

AMAZON, n.f. [a and ^^.'\ The A-
mnzons were a race of women famous
for valour, who inhabited Caucafus ;
they are fo called from their cutting oft'
their breafts, to ufc their weapons better.
A warlike woman ; a virago.

Stay, ftay thy hands, thou art an amazin.
And fi^hti-ll with the fword. Sljate/pearr,

AMBA'GES. n.f. [Lat.] A circuit of
words ; a circumlocutory form of fpeech ;
a multiplicity of words ; an indireft
manner of expreflion.

I'hcy gave thole complex id?« names, that they ,
might the more eafily rccrrd and difcourfe of
things they were daily convcrfatit iu, without long
amhagij and circumlocutions ; Ani that the things
they were Cjntiiiualty to give and receive informa-
tion about, might be the ealierand quicker under-
ftood. Locke.

Amba'gioos. adj. {from ambagts.] Cir-
cumlocutory ; perplexed ; tedious. Dia.

-■^mbassa'de. a./. \aml>affade, Yr.'\ Em-
bafly ; charafter or bufinefs of an am-
balfador : a word not now in ufe.

When you difgracrd me in my amhajfade.
Then I deg-ajed you from Icing king. Sbakefp.

AMB.rSSADOUR. n.f. [ambaftideur , Fr.
tmbaxador. Span. It is written diffe-
rently, as it is fuppofcd to come from
the French or Spaaiilj language ; and
the original dirivatio.T being uncertain,
it is not eafy to fettle its o'tliography.
Some derive it from the Hebrew nu^a,
to tell, and ^tt>aa, a m'ffcngcr; others from
ambaSlus, which, iu the old Gaulifti,
fignified a. fervant ; whence ambnfcia,
in low Latin, is found to lignifyytm/Vf,
and ambn/iiator, a fefvant ; others de-
duce it fiom ambacht, in old Teutoiiick,
figiiilying a govermiunt, and Junius
mentions a pollibility of its delceac from

A M B

«»a?:i(»u ; and others from am for ad,
and bnffus, />xf, as fuppofing the aft of
fending an ambaffadour, to be in fome
fort ag aft oi fubmiflion. Ail thefe ds-
rivations lead to write ambajfadour, riot
em^aJ/adour.'\ A peribn fent in a public
manner from one fovereign power to an-
other, and fuppofed to rcprefent the
power from which he is fent. T-he f er-
fon of an ambaffadour is inviolable.

Ambujfadour is, in popular language,
the general name of a raeffengcr from
a fovereign power, and fometimes, lu-
dicroufly, from common perfons. In
the juridical and formal language, it
fignifies particularly a miniller of the
higheft rank refiding in another country,
and is diftinguifhed from an envoy, who
is of lefs dignity.

Gi\e firll admittance to th' amhajfadsurs,

Shakejpeofe,

Raised by thefe hopes, I fent no news before.
Nor alk'd your leave, nor did your faith implore ;
But come without a pledge, my own ambaJJ'adcur.

Dryden.

Oft have their bl.tck amhajfjdours appeared
Loadcn with gifts, a'ld fill'd the courts of Zaraa.

Addifonm

Amba'ssadress. n.f. [ambaJadria,Fr,J

1. The lady of an ambaffadour.

2. In ludiciious language, a woman fent
on a meffage.

Well, my ambajfadrefi
Come you to menace wjr, and loud detiance ?
Or does the peaceful olive grace your brow ?

Rowe,
A'mbassage, n.f, [from ambaffadour, '\
An embafly ; the bu£iiefs of an ambaf-
fadour.

Maximilian entertained them with dilatory an-
fwers ; foas the formal part o^ r^€\t amhaJJ'age m\^t
well warrant their further ftay. Bacon,

A'MBER. n.f. [from ambar, Arab, whence
the lower writers formed ambar um.^

A yellow tranlparcnt fubftance of a gummous
or bituminous confidence, but a refinous tafte,
and a fmell like oil of turpentine; chiefly found
in the Baltick fea, along the coails of PrufSa.
Some naturalifts refer it to the vegetable, others
to tlie mineral, and fomtf even to the animal king-
dom. Pliny defcribes it as a rcfinous juici;, oozing
from aged pines and firs, and dil'cli.irgod thence
into the fc.i. He adds, tl;at it wab hence the an-
c'enti gave it the dcnominatio:r of fuccinum, from
yot'CMi, juice* Some have imagined it a concretioa
of tile tears o^" birds j others, the urine of a b'aft ;
others, the fcum of the lake (.ephifis, near the
.A.tlanticU ; others, a congelation fjrmeJ in tha
Baltick, and in fome fountains, where it is fo\inJ
fwimniing like pitch. Others fuppofcit a bitumen
trickling into the fea from fubterraneous fources ;
but this opinion is alfo difcarded, as good amber
having been found in digging at a confiderable dif-
tancc from the fea, as that gathered on the coaft.
Boerliaave ranks it with cainphire, which is aeon*
cie:e oil of aromatic plants, elaborated by heat into
a cryftalline form. Within fome pieces of amber
have been found laaves and infcd^H included ;
which fcemj to indicitc, eith;r cht the amberyas
originally in a fluid ftate, ur that, having been ex-
p fed ti> the fun, it was fjftcneJ, and rendered
fufceptible of the leaves and infefls. Amber, when
rubbed, draws or attracts bodies to it, and„ by
friction, is brought to yield light pri:tty copioully
in the dark. Some diftinguirti amber into yellow,
white, brOA-n, and black: but the two latter ar«
fuppofed to be of a different nature and denomina-
tion ; the one called };t, the other ambergrit,

I'revmx. Chambers,

Liquid amber is 3 kinv] of native baUam or rcfin;

Rkc turpentine ; cleaTj reJJiih, or yellowifli ; of a

K. a pleafaa^

A M B

fleifant f>n<n, klmoft like ambergris. It flows
from an incifioo made In the bark oT a fine large
tret in New Spain, called by the natives cftfel.

Chemttn.

If light penetrateth any dear body, that is co-
loured, as piintcd glafs, amber, wjter, and the
like, it gives the light the colour of its medium.

Peacbam.

No interwoven reeds a girland made,
To hide his brows within the vulgjr fliade ;
But poplar wreathes around his temples Spread,
And tears of amber trickled down his head.

The fpoils of elephants the roofs inlay,
And fludded amber darts a golden ray. Pjpt,

A'm B E R . adj. Confifting of amber.

With fcart's, and fans, and double charge of
brav'ry.
With ambir bracelets, beads, and all this knar'ry.

Siaieffeare.

A'm ber-drink. n./. Drink of the colour
of amber, or referabling amber in co-
lour and tranfparency.

All your clear ambcr-drinh is fiat. Sacon,

A'mbercris. B.y; [ from amher and gris,
or grey ; that is, grey a>»ier.'\

A fragrant drug, that melts alraod like wax,
commonly of a greyKh or alh colour, ufcd both as a
perfume and a cordial. Some imagine it to be the
excrement of a bird, which, being melted by the
heat of the fun, and walhed off the (hore by the
waves, is fwallowed by whales, who return it back
in the condition we find it. Others conclude it to
be the excrement of a cetaceous fifli, becaufe fomc-
times found in the inteAines of fuch animals. But
we have no inllance of any excrement capable of
melting like wax J and if it were theexcremcnt of a
whale, it Ihnuld rather be found where thefe ani-
mals abound, as about Greenland. Others take it
for a kind of wax or gum, which diftils from trees,
and drops into the fca, where it congeals. Many
of the orientals imagine it fprings out of the fea, as
aaphtha does out of fome fountains. Others alfert
it to be a vegetable produilion, ilTuing out of the
root of a tree, whofe roots always (hoot to%vards the
fea, and difcharge themfclvei into it. Others
maintain, that ambergr'.s is made from the honey-
combs, which fall into the fea from the rocks,
where the bees had formed their nefts; feveral per-
sons having feen pieces that were half ambergris^
and half plain honey-comb j aiid others have found
large pieces of ambergris, in which, when broke,
boney-comb, and honey too, were found in the
middle. Neumann abfolutely denies it to be an
animal fubflance, as not yielding, in the analy^s,
any one animal principle. Heconcludes it to be a
bitumen ilTuing out of the earth into the fca ; at
fitrt of a vifcous confiftence, but haidening, by its
mixture with fome liquid naphtha, into the form in
which we find it. Trtvoux* Cbamberu

Bermudas wall'd with rocks, who does not know
That happy idand, where huge lemons grow.
Where fhintng pearl, coral, and many a poun<l,
On the rich Ihore, of ambergris is found ? JValier,

Amber seed, or mujk feed, refembles
millet, is of a bitterifti tafte, and brought
dry from Martinico and Egypt.

Chambers.

AuBER tree. n.f. [frutex Africanu< am-
iram/pirans.'] A flirub, whofe beauty is
in its fmall evergreen leaves, which

frow as clofe as heath, and, being
ruifed between the fingers, emit a very
fragrant odour. Miller.

JMBIDE'XTER. n.f. [Lat.]

1. A man who has equally the ufe of both
his hands.

Rodiginus, unJert.',king to give a reafon ofarrbi-
dixlin, and left-handed men, deliveieth a third
opinion. Brmvn.

2. A man who is equally ready to ad on

A M B

cither fide, in party difputes. This
fenfe is ludicrous.
Ambidexte'rity. a./, [from amii-
dexier.1

1. The quality of being able equally to
ufe both hands.

2. Double dealing.
.Ambide'xtrous. ad/, [itom ambidexter.

Lat.]

1. Having, with equal facility, the ufe of
either hand.

Others, not conGdering amhidextrcut and left-
handed men, do totally fubmit unto the efficacy
of the liver. Brown.

2. Double dealing ; praftifing on both
fides.

/Efop condemns the double praflices of trim-
mers, and all falfc, (huffllng, and ainbidextroui
dealings. VEflrange.

Ambide'xtrousness. n.f. [from ^jotoV-
dexirous.\ The quality of being ambi-
dextrous. Di3.

A'MBiEtir. adj. \ambiens, Lat.] Sur-
rounding ; encompaffing ; invefting.

This which yields or fills
All fp:icc, the ambient air wide interfus'd. Milton.
The thicknefs of a plate requifite to produce any
colour, depends only on the denfity of the plate,
and not on that of ^e amiiinl medium.

Newton's Opiicks.
Around him dance the rofy hours,
And damalking the ground with fl.w'rs.
With ambient fweets perfume the morn.

Fenton to LcrJ Gizver.
Illuftrious virtues, who by turns have rofe
With happy laws her empire to fuftain,
And with full pow'r alTert her ambient main.

Prior.
The ambient aether is too liquid and empty, to
impel horizontally with that prodigious celerity.

Bmi/y.

A'MBIGU. n.f. [French.] An entertain-
ment, confifting not of regular courfes,
but of a medley of difhes fet on toge-
ther.

When ftraiten'd in your time, and fervants few,
You^d richly then compofc an amligu j
Where firft and fecond courfe, and your defert.
All iu one fingle table have their part.

King's Art of Cookery.

Ambigu'ity. n.f. [from ambiguous.]
Doubtfulnefs of meaning ; uncertainty
of fignification ; double meaning.

With ambiguities they often entangle thcmfelves,
not marking what dotli agree to the word of God
in itfclf, and what in regard of outward accidents.

Hisker.
We can clear thefe ambiguities,
And know their fpring,'Jieir head, their true defcent.

Sbakefpeare.
The words are of iingte fignification, without
any ambigu.ty \ and therefore I Ihall net trouble you,
by ftraining for an interpretation, where there is
no difficulty ; or didinftion, where there is no dif-
ference. South.

AMBl'GUOUS. adj. [ambiguus, Lat.]

1 . Doubtful ; having two meanings ; of
uncertain fignification.

But what have been thy anfwers, what but dark,
Ambiguous, and with daubtful fenle deluding ?

Milton.

Some exprclfions in the covenant were ambiguous,
and were left fo j becaufe the perfons who framed
them were not all of one mind. Ciarerdon.

2. Applied to perfons ufing doubtful ex-
preffions. It is applied to exprefficns,
or thofe that ufe them, not to a dubious
or fufpcnded ftate of mind.

A M B

Th' mUgutiii god, who rul'd hertab'rmg brtaft,
In thefe myilerious words his mind exprefl ;
Some truths reveal'd, in terms involv'd the reft.

Drydcn,
Silence at length the gay Antinout broke,
Conllraln'd a (mile, and ^msamiigucui fpokc.

Pope.

AMBl'GUOt;sLY. ttd'V. [from ambiguous. "^
In an ambiguous manner ; doubtfully ;
uncertainly ; with double meaning.

Ambi'guousness. n.f. [from ambiguous.'\
The quality of being ambiguous; un-
certainty of meaning ; duplicity of fig-
nification.

Ambi'locy. n.f. [from am^o, Lat. and
Xoy©-.] Talk of ambiguous or doubtful
fignification. Dtcl.

AMBi'toq^uous. adj. [from ambo and lo-
quor, Lat.] Ufing ambiguous and doubt-
iul expreffions. Di^.

Ambi'loc^y. n.f. [ambihquium, Lat.]
The ufe of doubtful and indeterminate
expreffions ; difcourfe of doubtful mean-
ing. Dicl.

A'mbit. n.f. [ambitus , 'LaX.'\ The com -
pafs or circuit of any thing ; the line
that encompafles any thing.

The tulk of a wild boar winds al|out aUnoft into
a perfcft ring or hoop ; only it is i little writhen.
In meafuring by the ambit, it is long or round about
a foot and two inches ; its bafis an inch over.

Grt'w's Muf^tim,

Ambi'tion. n.f. [ambiiio, Lat. the defire
of fomethlng higher than is polfefled at
prefent.]

1 . The defire of preferment or honour.

Who would think, without having fuch a mind
as Antiphilus, that fo great goodncfs could not
have bound gratefulnefs ? and fo high advancement
not have fat:&fied his arjviticn ? SiJnry^

2. The defile of any thing great or excel-
lent.

The quickening power would be,and (b would reft \
The fenfe would not be only, but be well i

But wit's ambition long,;th to the beft.
For it dcfires in eiidlcfs blifs to dwell. Davits^

Urge them, while their fouls
Are capable of this ambition j
Left zeal, now melted by the windy breath
Of foft petitions, pity, and remorfe,
Cool and congeal again to what it was. Shakrfp.

3. It is ufed with to before a verb, and of
before a noun.

1 had a very early ambition to recommend myfelf
to your Lordfhip's patronage. Addijon.

There was an ambition of wit, and an affeflation
of gayety. Pope's Preface to his Letters.

Ambi'tious. adj. [ambitioj'us, Lat.]
i. Seized or touthcd with ambition ; de-
firous of advancement ; eager of ho-
nours ; afpiring. It has the panicle of
before the objed of ambition, if a noun ;
to, if expreffed by a verb.
We fccm ambitioui God's whole work t' undo.

Dmia,
The neighb'ring monarchs, by thy beauty led,
Contend in crowds, ambitious c/tliy bed :
Tlie world is at thy choice, except but one,
Except but him thou canft not choofe alone.

Drydcn.

You have been pleafcd not to fuffer an old man

to go difcontented out of the world, for want of

that pruteiiion, of which he had been fo lung eim-

biticus. Drydm,

Trajan, a prince ambitious of glory, defccndcd

to the mouths of the Tigris and Euphrates, and

went upon the ocean, where, feeing a vcllcl trad-

, ing to the Indies, he had thoughts of outdoing

Alexander. Aibuthnot on Caii:i.

2, Eager

A M B

2. Eager to grow bigger J afpiring.

I h«vf lecn
Th' amiiticU! ocean fwell, and rage, and foam,
To be exalttd with the thrcat'ning clouds.

Sbahfpeare.

Ambi'tiously. ad-v. [ from ambitious. ] I n
an ambitious manner ; with eagernefs
of advancement or preference.

With fuch glad hcjrts did our dtfpairing men
Sjlute th' appearance of the prince's fleet j

And each ambi-hvfly would claim the ken,
That with 6rft eyes did diftant fafcty meet.

Dryden.

Here Flecknoe, as a place to fame well known,

Amhiihujly defign'J his Sh — 's throne. Dryden.

Ambi'tiousness. n.f. [from ambitious.'\

The quality of being ambitious.
A'mbitude. n.f. [ami/0, Lat.] Com-
pafs ; circuit ; circumference. Di<^.
To A'MBLE. v. n. [ambler, Fr. ambulo,
Lat.]

1. To move upon an amble. Sec Amble.

It is g5od, on fonie occafions, to enjoy as much
of the prefcnt, as will not er.danger our futuriiv ;'
and to provide ourfelves of the virtuofo's fjdJle,
which will be fure to amble, when the world i=
upon the hardeft tnt. Drydtn.

2. To move eafily, without hard fliocks,
or (baking.

Who aml-la time withal?— A rich man that
hath not the gout ; for he lives merrily, becaufc
he feels no pain } knowing no burthen of heavy
tedious penury : him time airlki withal.

Skakijfenre^t j^i you like it.

3. In a ludicrous fenfe, to move with fub-
miffion, and by direftion ; as a horfe
that ambles ufes a gait not natural.

A laughing, toying, wheeiling, whimpering (he.
Shall make him amtle on a goHip's meflage,
And take the dlftaffwith a hand as patient,
As e'er d'd Hercules. Rcwf's Jaie Shcre.

4. To walk daintily and affcftedly.

I am rudely ftampt, and want love's majefty,
To ftrut before a wanton emilmg nympli.

Sbaktffearr,

A'uble. n.f. [from To amlle.'\ A pace
or movement in which the horfe re-
moves both his legs on one fide ; as, on
the far fide, he removes his fore and
hinder leg of the fame fide at one time,
whilft the legs on the near fide ftand
ftill ; and, when the far legs are upon
'the ground, the near fide removes the
rfore leg and hinder leg, and the legs

" on the far fide ftand ftill. An amble is
tue firft pace of young colts, but when
they have ftrength to trot, they quit it.
There is no amble in the manage ;
riding-maftcrs allow only of walk, trot,
and gallop. A horfe may be put from
a trot to a gallop without flopping ;
but he cannot be put from an amble to
a gallop without a ftop, which inter-
rupts the juftnefs of the manage.

Farrier's Dia.

A'mbler. n.f. [from To amble.'] A horfe
that has been taught to amble ; a
pacer.

A'm B L 1 N G LY.aJv. [from ambling.'] With
an ambling movement.

JMBRO'SIA. n.f. [tt^Z^e,c\<t.]

I. The imaginary food of the gods, from
which every thing eminently pleafing
to the fmell or tafte- is called am-
Irofta.

A M B

2. The name of a plant.

It has male fl ifculous flowers, produced on fepa-
rate pavts of the fame plant from the fruit, having
no vifible petals j the fruit which fucceeds the fe-
male flowers, is ihapcd like a club, and is prickly,
containing one oblong feed in each.

The fpecles arc, I. The marine or fea gmbrcjia.
2. Taller unfavoury fea ambrojia. 3. The talleft
Canada amhrofia, MV.'cr.

Ajibro'sial. adj. [from ambrofia.] Par-
taking of the nature or qualities of am-
brofia ; fragrant ; delicious ; deleg-
able.

Thus while God fpake, amhrrjial fragrance fill'd
All heaven, and in the blelTcd Ipints cltft
Senfe of new joy ineffable dif^'ui'd. Miltor.

The gifts of heaven my following fong purfue,,
Aerial honey and timira^fj/ dews. Dryder:.

To fartheft ihoies th' amircjia! fpirit flies.
Sweet to the world, and grateful to the fjaes.

A'mbry. n. /. [a word corrupted from
almonry.]

1 . The place where the almoner lives, or
where alms are diftrlbuted.

2. The place where plate, and utenfils for
houftkeeping, are kept; a!fo a cup-
board for keeping cold viftuals : a word
flill ufed in the northern counties, and
in Scotland.

Ambs ace. n. /. [from ambo, Lat. and
ace.] A double ace ; fo called when
two dice turn up the ace.

I had rather be in this choice, than throw
amis ace for my life.

Stakiffeure's jtlCi toell that end! tvell.

This will be yet clearer, by confidering his own
inftancc of carting amis ace-, though it partake
more of contingency than of freedom. Suppofing
the pofiiure of the party's hand who did throw
the dice, fuppofing the ligurc of tlie table, and of
the dice themfelves, fuppofing the meafurc of
foice applied, and fuppoHng ail other things which
did concur to the production of jhat talt, to be
the very fame they wen!, there is no doubt but
in this cafe the call is necelfary.

Bramhcm agehji Hohhci.

Ambui.a'tion, n.f. [ambulatio, Lat.]
The aft of walking.

From the occult and invifible motion of the
mufclcs, in ft.ition, proceed more offenlivc laf-
fitudes than from cmbvlancn,

Briivni l^ulgar Erreurs.

A'mbulatory. adj. [ambulo, Lat.]

1. That which his the power or faculty
of walking.

The gradient, cr ambulatory, are fuch as re-
quire fomc bafis, or bottom, to up^hold them in
their motions : luch were thofe felf-moving fta-
tues, which, unlefs violently detained, would ol
themfelves run away. JVilkim^i Matb. Ma^uk.

2. That which happens during a paflage
or walk.

He was Cent to conduce hither the princcfs, of
whom his majefty had an ambulatory view in his
travels. tVottan.

3. Moveable; as, an ambulatory court; a
court which removes from place to place
for the exercife of its jurifdiftion.

A'm BURY. n.f. A bloody wart on any

part of a horfe's body.
Ambusca'de. n.f. [embufcade, ^T. See
Ambvsh.] a private flation in which
men lie to furprife others ; ambufh.

Then waving high her torch, the fignal made,
Which rous'd the Grecians from their ambujcade.

Drydett.

When 1 behold a fafhionable table fct out, 1

fancy that gouts, fevers, and lethargies, with in-

A M E

numerable diftempers, lie in amlujcaie among th*
di flies. jldt'Mon.

Ambusca'do. n.f. [embofcada. Span.]
A private poll, in order to furprife an
enemy.

Sometimes flie driveth o'er a foldier's neck,
And then he dreami of cutting foreign throats,
Of breaches, timbufcadoiS, Spanilh blades,
Of licalths five fathom de,'p.

Sbakefp, Romeo and 'Juliet,

A'mbush. p. f. [ambufche, Fr. from bois,

a wood ; whence embujcher, to hide in

woods, ambufties being commonly laid

under the concealment of thick forefts.]

1. The poft where foldiers or alTailins are
placed, in order to fall unexpededly
ujxm an enemy.

Thi: refidue retired deceitfully towards the place
of their amhujh, whence ifl'ued mere. Then the
earl maintained the fight. But the enemy, in-
tending to draw the Englifli further into their
enibuj]^, turned away at an eafy pace. Hayivard*
Charge", charge, their ground the faint Taxal.
lans yield.
Bold in dofe cimbufi, bafe in open field.

Dryden^% hidum Emperor,

2. The aft of furprifing another, by ly-
ing in wait, or lodging in a fecret poll.

Nor Ihall we need.
With dangerous ex.pedicion, to invade
Heav'n, whofe high walls fear no aflault or ficgr.
Or ambujh from the ifeep. Milton 1 Pauidifc Lojl,

3. The ftate of being polled privately, in
order to furprife ; the ^ate of lying in
wait.

4. Perhaps the perfons placed in private
nations.

For you, my noble lord of Lancafler,
Once did I lay an omhujh for your life.

Sbakefp. Rkbard II.

A'mbush ED. adj. [from ambujh.] Placed
in ambulh ; lying in wait.

Thick as the fliadcs, there ilfue fwarming bands
Of amhtijiyd men, whom, by their arms and drefs,
To be '1 axallan enemies I guefs.

Orydeni Indian Emperor,

A'mbushment. n.f. [domambufi ; which
fee.] Ambufh ; furprife : a word now
not ufed.

Like as a wily fox, that having fpied
Where on a funny bank the lambs do play,

Full clofcly creeping by the hinder fjdc.
Lies in ambiijhment of his hoped prey. Spcrtfer,-

Ambu'st. adj. [ambujius, Lat.] Kurnt.;
fcalded. Diff,

Ambu'stion. n.f, [ambuflio, Lat.] A
burn ; a fcald.

A'm EL. n.f. [email, Fr.] The matter
with which the variegated works are
overlaid, which we call enamelled.

The matcrijls of glafs melted with calcined
tin, compolc an undiaphanous body. This white
amel is the b.ifis of all thofe fine concretes tliat
goldfmiths and artificers employ in the curious
art of enamelling. Boyle on Colours,-

AMKN. adv. [a word of which the ori-
ginal has given rife to many conjeftures.
Scaliger writes, that it is Arabick ; p. J
the Rabbles make it the compound of
the initials of three words, fignifying
the Lord is a faithful king ; but the word
feems merely Hebrew, \ni>., which, with
along train of derivatives, fignifies firm-
nefs, certainty, fidelity.] A term ufed
in devotions, by which, at the end of a
prayer, we mean, Jo be it ; at the end
of a creed, yo /'/ is.

8. One

A M E

One cried, God bUrs lu ! and, jfnM / die
oti.er,
A« they had I'ecn me with thefe hangman's hands.
J.i/lening their I'car, I could not fay ylmen,
When they did fay Cod blefs us. Shakcfp, Mach.

BIclTtd be the Lord God of Ifi'ael, from erer-
lafting and to everlafling, Amin and amm.

Pfaltn xli. 13.
Ame'nablb. adj. [<ime/nah!c, Fr. amencr
qutlqu'un, in the French courts, figni-
fies, to oblige one to appear to anCwer
a chaige exhibited againft liim.] Rc-
fpoiifible ; fubjett fo as to be? liable to
enquiries or accounts.

Aiain, bccaul'e the inf'riour fort were loofs
«nd poor, and not amenabh to the law, he pro-
vided, by another adV, that five of the bell and
eldeft pcrfons of every fept, Asuld bring in all the
idle pcrfons of their fumatne, to be ju!^ilied by the
law. Sir Jdhr. Dank: on Ireland.

A'menage. 7 n.f. [They feem to come
A'menance. 3 from flWMcr, Fr.] Con-
daft ; behaviour ; mien ; words dif-
ufed.

For he is fit to ufe in all afi'ay^
Whether for arms and wariilcc amenanct.
Or eJie for wife and civil governance, Sjxvfer,

Well kend him fo far fpace,
Th' enchanter, by his arms and ammar.ce.
When under him he faw his Lybian fteed to
prance. Fairy S>ueen.

To AME'ND. 1/. a. {amender, Fr. emendo,

Lat.]
t . To correift ; to change any thing that

is wrong to fomething better.
2. To reform the life, or leave wiclced-
nefsi In thefe two cafes we ufually
write maid. See M e r; n .

Ameml-jaMT ways and your doings, and I will
ictiife you to dwell in this place, Jercm. vii. 3.

5. To reflore paffagcs in writers, which
the copiers are iiuppofed to have de-
praved ; to recover the true reading.

JToAmb'nd. 1/. «. To grow better. To
amend differs from to impro've ; to im-
fro<ve fuppofes or not denies that the
thing is well already, but to amend im-
plies fomething wrong.

As my fortune either amend: or impairs, I may
declare it unto you. Sidn.y.

At his touch
Such fenftity hath Heaven given his hand.
They prefently amend. Statefp. Machtth.

■AMENDE, n. f [French.] This word, in
French, fignifits a fine, by whirh recom-
pence is fuppofed to be made for the
fault committed. We ufe, in a cogn.ite
fignification, the word amends.

oAme'ndment. n.f. [amendemenf,'Br.'\

1, A change from bad for the better.

Before it Was prefcntcd on the ftage, fomc
things in it have pafled your approbation and
vninidmtnt. DryJui.

Man is always msnding and altering his works;
but nature obferves the fame tenour, bccaule her
works are fo pcrfeft, that there is no place for
air.tndments ; nsthing that cait be reprehended.

Ray on the Creation.

TItete are many natural defriVs in the undcr-
ftanding, xapabic of cmftidKent, which arc over-
looked and wholly negleded. Ltcki.

2. Reformation of life.

Our Lord and Saviour was of opinion, that
they which would not be drawn to amendment of
lifr, by the tcftimony which Mofes and the pro-
phets have given, concerning the miferies tliat
ibUuw finners after. death, were not likely to be
perfoaded by other means, although God from the
dead'Oioiild'have raJfed tJicin up preachers.

Bnier,

A M E

Behold ! famine and plague, tribuUtioa ind
angMiih, are fent as fcotirget for ammdment.

a £fdras,xv], 19.
Though a ferious purpoie of amendment, and
true afls of contrition, before the habit, may be
accepted by God ; yet there is no fure judgment
whether this purpofe be ferious, or thefe afls
true iCtt of contrition.

Hammond*: Praliical Catecbijm.

3. Recovery of health.

Your honour's i>l yen hearing your amendment,
Are come to play a pleafant comedy. Shaief/i.

Ame'ndment. ti.f, [emendatio, Lat.] It
fignifies, in law, the correftion of an
errour committed in a procefs, and
cfpied before or after judgment ; and
foraetimes after the party's feeking ad-
vantage by the errour. Blount.

Ame'nder. n.f. [from amend.'\ The per-
fon that amends any thing.

Ame'nds. n.f. [amende, Fr. from which
it feems to be accidentally corrupted.]
Rccompence ; compenfatioa ; atone-
ment.

If I have too aufterely punifli'd you.
Your compcnfation mal:cs amends. Shakefpeare.

Of the amends recovered, little or nothing re-
turns to thofe that had fuffcred the wrong, but
commonly all runs into the prince's coffcs.

Raleigh's Effays.

Thets I, a pris'ner chain'd, fcarce freely draw
The air imprrfon'd alfo, clofe and damp,
Unwholefame draught ; but here 1 feel amends.
The bre.ith of heav'n frefli blowing, pure and

fweet, -•

With day-fpring born ; here leave me to rcfpire.

Mutin.

Some little hopes I have yet remaining, that 1
may make the world fime part of amends for
many ill piays, by an lieroick poem. Diyden.

11 our fouls be immortal, this make.'; abundant
amends and compcnfation for the frailties of life,
and fufterings of this ftate. TiiUi/ai.

It is a ftrong argument for retribution here-
after, that virtuous pcrf.)ns arc very often unfor-
tuoate, and vicious pcrfons profperous ; which
is repugnant to the nature of a licing, who ap-
pears infinitely wife and %ood in all his works ;
unlefs we may fuppofe tliat fuch a proniifcuous
diftribution, whiclr was neccffary f.^r carrying on
the defigns of providence in this life, will be rec-
tified and made amends for in another. SfeSatsr.

Ame'nity. n.f. [amenite, Fr. amceiiitas,
Lat.] Pleafantiicfs ; agreeablenefs of
Atuation.

If the fitujtion of Babylon v»as fuch atfirftrasin

the days of Herodotus, it was .a feat of amenity

and pleafure. Bretvn.

Amenta'ceous. adj. [amentatiu, Lat.]

Hanging as by a thread.

The pine tree hath amentaceous flowers or kat-
kin<. Miller.

To AME'RCE. a;, a. [amercier, Fr. o(phccf.-
nuit ij.it a/xipsTf, feems to give the ori-
ginal.]

1. To punifh with a pecuniary penalty ;
to exadl a fine ; to inflift a forfeiture.
It is a word originally juridical, but
adopted by other writers, and is ufed by
Spenfer of punilhments in general.

Where every one that mifiech ttien her make.
Shall be by him amerc'd with penance due.

Spenftr.
But I'll amerce you with fo ftrong a fine.
That you fiiall all repent the lofs of mine.

Sbakefpeare.

All the fuitors were confiderably amerced ; yet

tills proved but an inelTedual remedy for thofe

mifchiefs. Hale.

2. Sometimes with th« particle in before
the fine.

A M I

They (ball atr.eret him in an hundjcd ihekeis of
filver, and give them onto the father of the dam-
fel, becaufe he hath brought up an evil name upon
a vir/in of Ifrael. _ Deut. x%n. ii).

3. Sometimes it is ufed, in imitation of
the Greek coaftrudion, with the par-
ticle of.

Millions of fpiritt, for his fault amerc'd
0/" heav'n, and from eternal fplendours flung
For his revolt. Miliim.

Ame'rcer. n.f. \irom amerce.'\ He that
fcts a fine upon any mifdemeanour ; he
that decrees or inflidts any pecuniary
punirtiment or forfeiture,

Ame'rcement. \n.f. [from amerce.'^

Ame'rciamekt. jThe pecuniary pu-
niiliment of an offender, who (lands at
the mercy of the king, or other lord itt
his court. Convtll.

All amercements and fine* that Aall be impoftd
upon them, Ihall come unto thcmfelves.

&f ether's &ate of Ireland,

Ames ace. n.f. [a corruption of the word
ambs ace, which appears, from very old
authorities, to have been early foftened
by omitting the b.'\ Two ace's on two
dice.

But then my fludy was to cog the dice.
And dext'rou/ly to throw the lucky fice •.
To (hun amis ace, that fwept my flakes away ;
And watch the box, for fear they fliould convey
Falfe bones, and put upon me in the play.

Dryden,

A MESS. n.f. [corrupted from amice.] A
prieft's veftinent. Di/3.

Ametho'tjicai,. adj. [from a and me-
ihcd.] Outof.method; without method;
irregular.

A'METHYST. n.f [k^s'Slt©-, contrary
to wine, or contrary to drunkennefs ;
fo called, either becaufe it is not quite
of the colour of wine, or becaufe it was
imagined to prevent inebriation.]

A precious ftone of a violet colour, bordering on
purple. The oriental amethyft is the hardctl,
fcarceft, and moft valuable ; it is generally of a
dove colour, though fome are purple, and others
white like the diamond. The German is of a vio-
let colour, and t!ic Spanilh are of three forts ; the
bed are the.blacke.l or deepsil -violet ; othws are
aimoft quite white, and fonr.e few tinftured with
yellow. 1'he amctiyj} is not extrerociy Iiarvl, but
ealy to be engravtd upon, and is next in value to
the emerald. Satmy. Chixmberu

Some ftones approached th.» granule complex-
ion; and feveral nearly refembled tiie aineth:j!.

IVoyd-wardt

A'methyst (in heraldry] fignifies the
fame colour in a nobleman's coat, that
purj>ure does in a gentleman's.

Amethy'stine. adj. [from amclbyfi.]
Referabling an amethyll in colour.

A kind of ameihyfiine flint, not compofed of
cryftals or grains, but one entire malTy flronc.

A'MIABLE. adj. [aimable, Fr.]

1. Lovely ; pleafing.

That which is good in the aftiofls of men, doth
not only delight as profitable, but as amiable alfo.

Uuker,
She told her, wiiile ■flie kept it,
'Twould mike her amiable, fubdue my father
Entirely to her love ; but if flie loft it,
Or made a gift of it, my fatlier's eye
Should hold her loathed. Shakeff, Otlc/'o,

2. Pretending love ; (hewing love.

Lay amiable fiege to the honelty of this Ford's
wife ; ufe your art of wooing. Shakcffeare.

A'MiABLEKEss.w.y; [from amiable.] The

quality

AMI

qualify of bting amiable ; lovelinefs ;
pc'.v-'r oi' riiiing love.

-. the nauir^ g'i'Sy and amabUmJi of

:ri;n wears off, they have noihing left

to ..i them, but tie by among the lumber

and ■' I :! ■ . f th«? fpeeies. Addifcn,

-A'miai;:,y. adnj. [fTom.^miaHe.'\ In an
amiahle manner ; in fuch a maBner as
to excite love.

ATillCABLE. adj. [amicabiJh, Lat. ]
Friendly ; kind. It is commonly ufcd
of more than one ; as, they live in an
amicable manner ; but we feldom fay,
an amicahlt aftion, or an amicable man,
though it be fo ufed in this paffage.

0 grace fere oe ! oil vutiie heav'oly fair,
Divine oblivion of low-thoughied care !
Freih blooming hope, gay daughter of the flty !
And faith, our early immortality !

Enter each inild, each amkaile gueft ;
Receive and wrap me in eternal icft. p€fe.

A'micablekess. »./. [from amicable. '\
The quality of being amicable; friend-
linefs ; goodwill.
A'micably. ad-v. [from amicahU.'\ In an
amicable manner ; in a friendly way ;
with goodwill and concord.

They fee
Through the dun mift, in blooming beauty frefli.
Two lovely jouth«, that amUshly wilkt
Oer verdant meads, and pleas'd, pcrbapf, r«volv'd
Anna's late conqueft^. Philifs.

1 found my fubjt'c^s amicaliy join

To leffen their ceretts, by citing mine. friar.
In Holland itfelf, where it is pretended that
the variety of ft£ti live fo amkally together, it is
notorious how a turbulent part), j.>ining wi:h the
Arminians, did attempt to deft.oy the repubiick.
Svi/i'i Church of Engf:ind Man,
A'micb. n.f. [amiiius, Lat. amia, Fr.
Primum ex fix indumentii epij'ccpo {^ pref-
bjteriis communibits funt , amiiSiiv alba,
cinguhm, fiola, manifulus , i3 planela. Du
Cange. yliniiius quo collum Jlringttur,
y peSus ttgitur, cajlita'.em inlcricris ho-
tninis drfignat : tegit enim cor, ne sani-
tates cog! 1 el ; Jhingit out em collum, ne inde
ad linguam tranfeat rm/idacium. Bruno.]
The firft or undernioft part of a priell's
habit, over which he wears the alb.

Thus piU'd the night fofoul, till morning fjir
Came forth with pilitim fteps in amict grey.

Milt>n,

On fome a prieft, fuccind in aniUe white.
Attends. . Pipe.

Ahi'd. 7 f'''P- [from a and mid, or
Ami'dst. 5 midj}.]
i. In the midft ; equally dillant from
either extremity.

Of the fruit
Of each tree in the garden we mny eat j
But of the fruit of this fa r tree amitiji
The garden, God hath lajd, ye ihall not eat.

Milton.
The two ports, the bagnio, and Donatelli's
fiatue of the gj'iJt duke, an:tdji the four flavcs,
chained to bit pedcftal, are very noble fights.

. Addijun.

2. Mingled with ; furrounded by ; in the
ambit of another thing.

Arrid my flock with wot my voice I tear.
And, but bewitch'J, who a< his tlock would moan ?

Sidn<y.
So hills nmld the air encountf r'd hills,
\ M to and fro with jaculalion dire. Miltcn.
^ave 1 donr, to name that wealthy fwain,
>n:A^ my cryital flreams I bring,
;.. winds to blaft my flow'ry fpiing.

0rydcn.

AMI

Amtta's breaft the fury thus mvtdes,
And fires with rage aaid the fylvan fliades,

Prjdrn.

3. Amon^ft; conjoined with.

What tho' no real voice nor found
jimd their radiant orbs be found ?
In reafon's ear they all ryoice.
And utter forth a glorious voice,
for ever llnging, as they i^ine,
" The hand th.it made us is divine." AUHJ^n,

Ami'ss. ad'v. [from a, which, in this form
of compoiition, often fignifies according
to, and mi/s, the Englifli particle, which
fhews aay thing, like the Greek ■va.fi,
to be wrong, as, to mi/count, to count
erroneoufly > to mifdo, to commit a
crime : amifs therefore fignifies net right,
or out of order. ^

I. Faulty ; criminal.

For that which thou haft fworn to do emifa.
Is yet jKJ/i, when it is truly dm.e.

Sbake'p, King Jihri.

z. Faultily ; criminally.

We hope therefore to reform ourfelvcs, if at
any time we hare done amift, is not to fever our-
fclves from the church we were of before, lltaker.

O ye powers that fearch
The heart of man, and weigh his inmoft thoughts.
If J have done amijs, impute it not ! Addijon,

3. In an ill fenfe.

She figh'd withal, they conftru'd all amifi.
And thought (he wifii'd to kill who long'd ti kifs.

Ftiitfax.

4. Wrong ; improper ; unfit.

Examples have not generally the force of laws,
which ail men ought to keep, but of counfcls
only and pcrfuafions, not amiji to be followed by
them, whife cafe is the like. Htakcr.

Methinks, though a man had all fcienc:, and
all principles, yet it mi^ht not be avtifi to hav^
fome confciencc. I'i/iutfon,

5. Wrong; not according to the perfec-
tion of the thing, whatever it be.

V'our kindred is nut much amils, 'i:s true j
Yet I am fumewhit better born than you. Dryd.

I buiii a wait, and when the mafons played the
kna-.es, nothing delighted mc fo m^xh as to Hand
by, while my fervants threw down what was amif;.

Svift

6. Reproachful ; irreverent.

£very peopie, oatiun, and language, which
fp;ak any thing amiji .igainft the God of Sha-
drach, Melhach, anJ Abednego, fliall be cut in
piece;, and their houfcs Ihall be made a dungSill ;
becaufe there it no ether God that can deliver
after this furt. DanidfU'i. z^.

/.Impaired in health; as, I was forae-
what ami/s yefterday, but am well to-
day.

8. Jmi/s is marked as an adverb, though
it caonot always be adverbially render-
ed ; becaufe it always follows the lub-
llancive to which it relates, contrary to
the nature of adjcdlives in Englilh ;
and though we fay the aflion was amifs,
we never fay an amifs adlion.

9. j^mifs is ufed by Shaiejpeare as a noun
fubllantive.

To my lick foul, as fin's true nature is.
Each toy feems ptologue to fome great amifs.

Hamlet,
Ami'ssion. n.f. [ami^o, Lat.] Lofs.
To Ami't. "v. a. [ann/to, Lat.] To lofe :
a word little in ufe.

Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the
air, whereby it acquircth no new form, but rather
a conHftence or determination of its dilBucncy,
and emuutb not its elliuice, but condition of Aui-
dity. Brown's Vulgar Ernurt,

A M M

A'mity. m,/, [amities Fr. amicitia, Lat. J
Friendfhip, whether publick between
naiions, oppofed to 'a«r; or among tha
people, oppofed to difccrd-^ or between
private perfons.

Th^ prophet David did think, that the very
meeting of men together, ana their accompanying
one aiiother to the houle of God, ihouid make
the bund of rheir love infoiubJe, and tic them
in a league of inviol.ible amUy, Hooker,

The monarchy of Great Biitain was in league
and am':ty with all the world.

Sir ^ohn Daviet on IrtlamU

You have a noble and a true conceit .

Of gcdlilce amity \ which appears moil ftrongly
In bearing thus the abfence of your lord. Sbakefp^

And ye, oh Tyrians, with immortal hate
Purfuc this race, this fervice dedicate
To my deplored afljes j let there be
'Twixt us and tliem no league nur atuUy, Vctrhum*

AMMO'NIAC. «. /, The name of a
'drug.

Gum Ammoniac is brought from the £ail la-
dies, and is fuppofed to ooze frum an umbcliifer-
rtus plant. Diofcorldes fay'i) it is the juice of ■ a
kind of ferula growing in Barbary, and the plant Ts
called agafyliiu Fliny calls the tree metopion^
which, he lays, grows near the Temple of Jupiter
Anaraon, whence the gum takes its name. It
ou^ht to be in dry drops, whice within, yeiJowiOi
without, eafily fufible, refinous, fomewhat bitter>
and of a very iharp tartc and fmell, fomewhat |ike
garlick. This gum is faid to have fcrved the an-
cients for incenfc, in their facrifices.

Sa-vary, 7ren/oux,

Sal Ammoniac is a volatile fait of two kinds, an-
cient and modern. The ancient fort, defcribed.
by Pliny and Diofcorldes, was a native fait, gene-
rated in thoic large inns where the crowds of pil-
grims, coming from the temple of Jupiter Ammoo,
ufed to lodge ; who travelling upon camels, and
thofe creatures in Cyrcne, where that celebrated
temple ftood, urining in the ftables, or in the
parched fands, out of this urine, which is remark-
ably ftrong, arofe a kind of fait, denominated fome-
timcs from the temple, j^mmtmacy and fometiniCa
from the country, Cyreniac, No m-rc cf this lalt
is produced cheie5 and, from this deficiency, foine
fufpedt thf^re never was any fuch thing: but tliia
fulpicion is removed, by tfae large quantities of a
fj);, nearly of the fame nature, thrown out by
mount j^tna.

The modern fai ammoniac is made in £gypt ;
wheie long-ncckcd glafs bottles, filled with loot,
a little fea fait, and the urine of cattle, and hav-
ing their mouths luted with a piece of wet cotton^
are placed over an oven or furnace, in a thick bed
of alhes, nothing but the necks appearing, and
kept there two cays and a night, with a conti-
nual ftrong fire. The ileam fwclls up the cotton*
and forms a parte at the vent-hole, hindering the
faltj from evaporating j which ilick to the top of
the bottle, and aie tak.cn out in thofe large cake^,
which they feud to England. Only foot exhaled
from dung, li the proper ingredient in this pre-
paration i and the dung of camels aifurds the
ihongeft.

Our chymifts imitate the 'B^y^Htan/a/ ammoniat^
by adding one part of common fait to five of
urine; with which fome mix that quantity of
foot, and putting the whole in a veiid, tlicy r.iife
from it, by fublimation, a while, friable, farina-
ceous fubfiance, which they cAlJuI ammcniac*

Chambtrs»

Ammonx'acal. adj, [from ammoniac'^
Having the properties of ammoniac fait.

Human blood calcined, yields no fixed faltj
nor is it a fal ammoniac j for that remains im-
mutable at'rcr repeated diftillations; and dirtilla-
tion dcllroys the ammon'iaraj (juality of anijnal
faiti, and turns them alkaline : fo that it is a
fait neither quite fixed, run qiiiLe volatile, nor
quite acid, nor quite aikal'ne, nor quite ammoni-
acal J but foft and benign, approaciung nearcft to
tlie natuxe of fa] ammoniac. ^l-Outkn^t^

Ammu*

A M O

A M O

AMP

Ammcki'tiok. »./. [fuppored by fome
to come from amonitio, which, in the
barbarous ages, feems to have fignified
fupply of proviilon ; but it furely may
be more reafonably derived from vtu-
ttilio, fortification ; cho/es a munitions,
things for the forueffes.] Military
Hores.

They muft make themfdvcs defenfible agiinft
ftr>nger$ ; and muft have the jfliftance of fomf
»ble military man, and convenient arms and
ammunition for their defence. Baca.

The colonel ftaid to put in the ammunition he
brought with him ; which was only twelve bar-
reli of powder, and twelve hundred weight of
match. Clarendcn,

All the rich mines of learning ranfackt are.
To furnilh ammunition for this war. Diniam>

But now his (lores of ammunition fpent.
His naked valour is his only guard :

Rare thunders are from his dumb cannon fent.
And folitary guns are fcarcely heard. Drydtn.

Ammuni'tion bread, n.f. Bread for
the fupply of the armies or garrifons.

A'mnestv. n.f [autrsM.] An aft of
oblivion ; an aft by which crimes a-
gainfl the government, to a certain
time, are fo obliterated, that they can
never be brought into charge.

I never read of a law enafted to take away the
force of all laws, by which a man may fafely
commit upon the laft of June, what he would
infallibly be hanged for, if he committed it on
the firft of July ; by which the greateil criminals
may efcape, provided they continue long enough
in power to antiquate their crimes, and, b;
ftifling them awhile, deceive the legillatufe into
an amrejiy. Sivift.

Amn'i'colist. n.f. {ammcola,'LaA.'\ In-
habiting near a river. DiS.

AM.Ni'ciNOus. n.f. [amnigenus, 'L?A.'\
Born of a river. DiS.

AMNION. In./. [Lat. perhaps from

J'MNIOS. S «/«*'&•.]

The innermoft membrane with which the ftetus
in the womb is moft immediately covered, and
with which the reft of the I'ecundines, the cho-
rion, and alantois, are ejeftcd after birth. It is
whitc-r and thinner than the chorion. It alfo con-
tains ■ nutritious humour, fcparate-i b^ glands for
that purpofe, with which the foetus is prcferved. It
U outwardly cioathed with the urinary membrane
and the choriin, which fometimes ftick fo clofc to
one another, that they can fcarce be feparatcd. It
has alfoiu veflclefrom the fame origin as the cho-
rion. Shiimy.

AMO'MUM. n.f. [Lat.] A fort of fruit.

The commentators on Pliny and Diofcoridcs fup-
pofc it to he a fruit diftirrent from ours. The mo-
dern amomum appears to be the__^fl of the ancients,
or bajiard fitme-parjUy, It refembles the mufcat
grape. This fruit is brought from the Eaft In-
dies, and makes part of treacle. It is of a hot
fpicy tartc and fmcll. Ttcnjoux. Ciambcts.

Amo'nc. \prep. [aman5,3eraan3, Sax-
Amo'ncst. j on.]
I. Mingled with; placed with other per-
fons or things on every fide.

jimbngji llravvbcrrics fow here and there fome
borage-lted ; and you (hall find the (Irawberrics
under thofe leaves far more large than their fel-
lows* BiUcn.

The voice of God they heard.
Now walking in the garden, by foft winds
Brought to their ears, while day dedia'd : they

heard,
And from his prefence hid thcmfelves, am^ng
The thickcft trcis, both man and wilj. Milton.

1. Conjoined with others, fo as to make
pai't of the number.

I hive then, m you fee, obferved the failings
of many great wits amangft the moderni, who
have attempted to write an epic poem. Dryden.

There were, among the olu Roman ftatucs,
feveral of Venus in di(ferent pofturea and habits j
as there are many particular figures of her made
after the fame defign. jiddijon.

A'morist, n.f. [from amour.'] An ina-
morato ; a gallant ; a man profeiSng
love.

Female beautiei are as fickle In their facei as
their minds ; though cafuilties Ibould fpare them,
age brings in a necclTity of decay ; leaving dotcr^
upon red and white perplexed by incertainty
both of the continuance of their miftrefs's kind-
nefs, and her beauty, both which are neced'ary to
the amorijl^s joys and quiet. Boyle.

JMORO'SO. n.f [Ital.] A man- ena-
moured. Dia.
A'morous. adj. [amorofo, Ital.]

1 . In love ; enamoured ; with the par-
ticle of before the thing loved ; in
Shttkefpeare, on.

Sure my brother is amorous on Hero ; and hath
withdrawn her father to break with him about it.

Sbakcfpfare.
The amorous mafter ownM her potent eyes,
Sigh'd when he lookM, and trembled as he drew j
Each flowing line confirin'd his firft furprize.
And as the piece advanced, the paflion grew.

Prior.

2. Naturally inclined to love ; difpofed to
fondnefs ; fond.

Apes, as foon as they have brought forth their
young, keep their eyes faftencd on them, and are
never weary of admiring their beautyj fo amoroiti
is nature o/'whatfoever flie produces.

Dryden''i Dufrefnoy.

3. Relating, or belonging to love.

I that am not (hap*d for fportivc tiicks,
Nor made to court an amorous looking-gtaffs,
I, that am rudely ftampt. Shahefp. Rich. III.

And into all things from her air infpir'd
The fpirit of love, and amorous delight. Miltcn.

In the amorous net
Firft caught theylik'dj and each his liking chofe.

Mill'jn.

O ! how I long my carelefs limbs to lay
Under the plantane's (hade, and all the day
With amorous airs my fancy entertain,
Invoke the mufes, and improve my vein \ IVaVer.

A'M0R0usLy.a</i/. [fromfl/»oro»/.] Fond-
ly ; lovingly.

When thou wilt fwlm in that live-bath,
Each fi(h, which every channel hath.
Will amoroujly to thee fwim.
Gladder to catch tiiee, than thou him. Donne.

A'morousness. «. f [from amorous.'}
The quality of being amo'°x>us ; fond-
nels ; lovingnefs ; love.

AU Gynecia*s actions were interpreted by Bafi-
lius, as proceeding from jealoufy of his amcrouf-
nejs. Sidney.

Lindamor has wit, and amorcufnefs enough to
make him (jnd it more eafy to defend fair ladies,
than to defend himlelf againft them.

Boyle on Cohtfrs,

JMO'RT. aJv. [a la mort, Fr.] In the

Hate of the dead; dejefted ; depreffed ;

fpiritlefs.

How fares my Kate ? what, fweeting, all amort f

Sbitk Jp. Taming of the Shrcii •

AmOrtiza'tion. 1 n. f. [amorttfeinea/,
Amo'rtizement.J amorlijfahle, Fr.]
The right or aft of transferring lands
to mortmain ; that is, to fome commu-
nity, that never is to ceafe.

Every one of the religious orders was confirmed
by one pope or other; and they made an elpecial

provifion for them, after the lawi of amonixatim
were devlfed and put in ufe by princes.

Ayliffe't Parergon yurit Caneaiei.

To AMORTIZE. -V. a. [amertir, Fr.] To
alien lands or tenements to any corpo-
ration, guild, or fraternity, and their
fucceflbrs ; which cannot be done withr
out licence of the king, and the lord of
the manour. Blount.

This did concern the kingdom, to have farms
fufiicient to maintain an able body out of penury,
and to amortize part of the lands unto the yeo-
manry, or middle part of the people. Baccn.

To Amo've. 1/. a. [anoveo, Lat.]

I. To remove from a port or rtation : a
juridical fenfe.

z. To remove ; to move ; to alter : a
fenfe now out of ufe.

Therewith, amoved from his fober mood.
And lives he yet, faid he, that wrought this t€t f
And do the heavens afford him vital food ?

Fairy S^teii'
At her fo piteous cry was much amoved
Her champion ftout. Fairy S/ueeii,

•To A Mo'u NT. a;, «. [monter. Ft.]

1. To rife to in the accumulative quan-
tity ; to compofe in the whole ; with
the particle to. It is ufed of feveral
fums in quantities added together.

Let us compute a little more particularly how

much this will amount to, or how many oceans

of water would be necelTary to compole this great

ocean rowliog in the air, without bounds or banks.

Burnet's Theory,

2. It is ufed, figuratively, of the confe-
quence rifing from any thing taken al-
together.

The errours of young men are the ruin of bufi-
nefs ; but the errours of aged men amount but to
this, that more might have been done, or fooner.

Bacon*
Judgments that are made on the wrong fide of
the d .nger, amount to no more than an afi'e£tation
of Jkiil, without either credit or effed.

VEfirange,

Amo'unt. n.f. [from To amount.] The
fum total ; the refult of feveral fums or
quantities accumulated.

And nnv, ye lying vanities of life.
Where are you now, and what is your amountt
Vexation, dllappointmcnt, and rcmorfe. Thcmfon.
Amo'ur. n.f. [amour, Fr. amor, Lat.] An
afi'air of gallantry ; an intrigue : gene-
rally ufed of vitious love. The ou
founds like 00 in poor.

No man is of fo general and diflAifive a luft, as
to prolecute his amours all the world over; and
let it burn never fo outrageoufty, yet the impure
flame will either die of itfelf, or confume the body
that harbours it. South,

The rertlcfs youth fe.irch'd all the world around;
But how can Jove in his amours be found ?

^dd;f!.n.

A'mper. n.f. [amppp. Sax.] A tumour,
with inflammation ; bite : a word faid,
by Skinner, to be much in ufe in Effcx ;
but, perhaps, not found in books-.
AMPHl'BIOUS. adj. [S^<p. and ^1©-.]
I. That which partakes of two natures, fo
as to live in two elements ; as, in air
and water.

A creature nf amphibious nature,
Onlmd a bcift, a filh in water. Iludibras.

Thofe are called amphibious, which live ficely
in the air, upon th- earth, and )et are obfcrved to
live long ijpoo water, as it they were natural in-
habitants of that clement; t.iough it be W(trth
the examination to know, whether any of xhoft
creatures that live at cale, and by choice, a good

while.

AMP

♦hile, et: rt any time, «p«n the *arth, e»n live, a
long time t"ge:her, perfeftly under water, iocij.
f idles contain much oil, and amfhHi:us animals
partijiiMCe fome\vhat of the nature of fiflies, end
are oily. Arbutknoi.

a. Of a mixt nature, in allufion to ani-
mals that live in air and water.

Traul^i -f jKf hihicus breed.
Motley fi uic of inun^^rel fee4-v
By Cii dim from lordlings fprung.
By the fire exhaled irom dung. Sto:/!.

AMPHi'sioustfESS. n. /. [from arrt.hi-
tious.] The quality of being able to
live in difterent elements.
Am p H I bolo'g I c a l . ai^. [from amphibo-
logy.'^ Doubtful.
Amphibolo'oicali.y. aJ-j. [from aw -
phihological.l Doubtfully ; with a doubt-
ful meaning.
AMPHIBO'LOGY. ». /. [S^i^.Co^o^ia.]
Dii'courfe of uncertain meaning. It is
diflinguiihed from equl-jocation, which
means the double fignincation of a fmgle
word; as, noli rcg<m oc cider e timere bo-
num tft, is amphihclogy ; captate Upores,
meaning, by Ifperes, either hares or jells,
is equi'VDCittion.

Now the fallacies, whereby men deceive others,
and arc deceived thcmfelves, the ancients have
divided into verbal and real ; of the verbal, and
fuch as conclude from miftakes of the word, there
»rc but two worthy our notauon ; the fallacy of
equivocation, and amfhlbohfry.

Brvtcn'i Vulgar Errcurt.
He that aifirm'd, 'gainll fenfe, fnovr black to be,
Mi^ht prove it by this empiil/'^h^y j
Things are not what they fcem.

ytrfei Oft Ckaveland,
In defining obvious appearances, we are to ule
what is mort plain and eafy ; that the mind be not
milled hy amfhlhtcgies into fallacious dcduflions.

Glamjillc.

Amphi'bolous. iidj. [J/x^i and ^aUv.]
Tofled from one to anothei: j fluking
each way.

X -hcK foch an ttrft'-'^-' — — r--r-L

botl ring •Lhertifclves 10. -d

inak ^ - - . V name in all their i : ,

to juftify their ailions. Huac/.'.

Auphi'logy. k. /. [«f«fi and tay^-.]
Equivocation; ambig^iity. . ;. Dt3.

JMPHISB.'E'NA. n.f. [Ltt.i^.^.tr€ii.,.]
A fcrpent fuppofcd to have two heads,
and by confeqaence tomove wiflt eiAer'
end foremoil. ■ , . ,',

That th': ar:; '"■— •, 'Hit !»,' a Imailer'kind
of ferprnt, «!ii^ w.ird and backward,

hath twn heal , -her extreme, was af-

firmed by N^cander. and others.

' '- ■■ T ' / Jir',fvn's Vuher Emayt. ^
Scnrpion, and a'fpi xaianpbijbant dire.

, .,//;.',■ 71.

JMPHrSClI. fij /: [Lat. ,i,i.<?'.fx.o., of
mfi.^\ andffxia, a fhadow.l 'JTlofe peoplci
dwelling lb- climates, yvherein ihi?. (lia-
dows, a: different times of the year,
fall both ways; to the north'pole.when
the fun is in the fouthern figns ; and. to
thj fouth j>oJc, when he is in l!..
thern figns. TheCf are the pcoj
inhabit the torrid zone. '

A M p H I r H e'a ; r e . n. ft [of aii3>Aia.Te'j't
of uuipi and 5i^o//ai.] A building m a'
circular or oval fo-m, having its ar^-i
encorapalTcd wiih rows of feats one a-
Love another; where fpdftatoxs' mi^hc
Vol. I.

^A- M ■ P

behold fpetlacles, as ftage-plays, or
gladiators. The theatres of the an-
cients were built in the form of a femi-
circle, only exceeding a juft femicircl^
by one fourth part of the diameter ;
and the amphitheatre is two theatres
joined together; (o that the lOngciJ
diameter of the amphitneitre vyas to the
Ihortell, as one and a half to one.

Within, an am^hUh-satre appear'd
Rais'd in degrees ; to fixty paces rear'd,
That when a man was plac'd in one degree,
Heig'^t was allowM for him above to fee. Drjden.
Concei\e a man placed in the burning iron'
chair at Lyons, amid the infults and mpckerit.-s of
a crowded am^hithiatre\zni ftill keeping Iiis feat;
or ftrcrched upon a grate of iron, over coals of.iire,;
and breathing out his foul among the exquiOtc
fufFcrings of fuch a tedious execution, rather (han
renounce his religion, or blafphcme bis Saviour.

Add'tjon:
A'MPLE. adj. [amflus, Lat.]
I. Large; wide; extended,
Heav'n dcfcendj
In univerfal bounty, fliedding herbs.
And fruits, and flowers, on Katurc's amp/e luf,

Ihimfon.

z. Great in b'llk.

Did your letters pierce the queen to any demon-
iliation of grief ?

She took 'cm, and read 'em in myprefencc,
And now and then ^n ample tear trill'd down
Her delicate cheeks. Shaktfp. King Lear,

3. -Unlimited ; without rellriftion.

Have what you alk, your prcfcnts I receive ; ,
Land where and when you pleafe, with amplt leave.

Drydin.'

4. Liberal ; large ; without parfimony.

If we fpeak of ftrid juftice, GoJ could no way
have been bound to requite man's labours in fo
large and amflt manner as human felicity doth
import ; in as much as the dignity 0^ this exceed-
cth lb far the other's value. Hocko:

5. Magnificerit ; fplendid.

To difpofe the prince the morcwiUinglv to un-'
dert^e his relief, the carl made nvpie promifes,
that, within fo many days after the fiege thould be)
raifed, he would advance his highnefa'b levies with
two th.'ufand men. , , Clarencor.

6. DifFufive ; not contrafled ; as, an am-
ple narrative, that is, not an epitome.

A'mpleness. ft./, [from ai/tple.'\ The qua-,
litj of being ample j largenefs j fplen-
doUr.' '■ =

fill far a perfon.of.piyj^onditionjtf)

proi^t; ., in prop6rtion,ej£hcr to t'le t^m-'

plriyj' rt the body yju rcprefcnr, or oif the pfaccsj

yiiu oear. .'iuitl'.i

To A'Mf LI ATZ. v. a. [a»!pliOf hzt.J To

enlarge ; to mal;e greater ; to extend. 1

He fliall look wpon it, not to cradufe or. axte-i

n'^-'j-i^ut fpieiplain and dilucid/tte, to i«ddand

' aiptriair. , . , " ■ t ^rmrn^

AmpI.! A'tio'n. >i.\f [fpom (impliale'.Y

1. Enlargesiitor ; '.e'xafegeratloD :' ext'en-'
^'"fibfV. J;' '--•'■'.'";■■ ^•■; ■.. ^.^. >

Odimii matterS'atfm'fc rior'oif"an amphi/tiiS, but
en)^t to Be rcltrained and interpreted' in tli'e irilded
fenft. ' Ayliffa'i Parargi,n.

2. DjfFBrenefs; enl.iygenient. , ,

The obfcurity ot the lubjtft, and the prejudice!

' " :>-,... ,1 ,^^^ plcfd CX-]

thjt n?.iy be
. . - :-; Iclf plain and

fin.". til,{d,-r.

Te Ampli'picate.*. /j.'[<jw^///fc«,.Lat.]

To enlarge; to fpreadout ; to amplify.

. ^ Dia.

Amplifica'tion. ». yr \ampUjication,
Ft, ampl^caiio. Lit.]

AMP

1. Enlargement; extenfion.

2. It is uiually taken in a rhetorical fenfe,
and implies exaggerated reprefentation,
or diftufe narrative ; an image height-
ened beyond reality ; a narrative en-
larged with many circumftances.

I ihall fummarily, without any amplijicalhn at
all, fiicw ia what manner defects have been fup-
plied. Dav'tet.

'1 hings unknown feem greater than they are,
and are ufually received with amplificaticrs above
their nature. Brc-jin'i Vulgar Erroars,

Is the poet juftlfiable for relating fuch incredibla'
einpl{l>"'t">tii f It niay be anfwered, if he had put
thele extravagances into the mouth of Ulyffes, he
had been un(>arJonable ; but they fult well the
charaftpr of Alcinous. F'l '•

A'mpsk^ier.b./ \(romTo amplify.'] One
that enlarges any thing ; one that ex-
aggerates ; one that reprefents any
thing wiih a large difplay of the belt
circumftances ; it being ufually taken
in a good fenfe.

Dorillaus could need no amplifitr's inouth for
the higheft point of ptaifc. . E'ulney.

To A' MVLIV\ . -v. a. [amplifer, Fr.]

1 . To enlarge ; to increafe any material
fubftance, or objeft of fenfe.

So when a great moneyed man hath divided hi«
chefts, and coins, and bags, he fecmeth to him-
felf richer than he was : and therefore a way to
amplify any thing, is to break it, and to make
anatomy of it in feveral parts, and to examine it
according to the feveral circumftances. Baccn,

All concaves that proceed fiom more narrow to
more'brt>ad, io amplify the found at the coming
out. Bacon.

2. To enlarge, or extend any thing in-
corporeal.

As the reputation of the Roman prelates grew
up in thefe blind ages, fo grew up in them withal
a defire oS ampUfing their power, that they might
be as great in temporal forces, as men's opinions
have formed them in fplrltual matters. Rahigh,

3. To exaggerate any thing; to enlarge
it by the manner of reprefentation.

Tl'.y general is my lover; I have been '
The book of h^s ^;ood afls; whence men have read
His fame unpariilel'd, haply aKpliJiid. Shaleff.

Since 1 have plainly laid open the negligence
and errours of every age that is paft, 1 would not
Willingly leem to flatter the prefent, by amplif/irg
thi diligence and true judgment of thole fervi-
toiirs that hiive laboured in this vineyard. Davits.

4. To enlarge ; to improve by new addi-
tions;

In paraphrafe the author's words are not ftriQIjr
follosved, his fenfe too is amplifd but not al-
tered, as W.iUcr's tranflation of Virgil. Drydeu.

1 feel age advancing, and my health is infufii-
cient to increafe and anptifj thele remarks, to
confirm and. improve thefe rules, and to illuminate
the fcye.al p.iges. YVatii.

To A'^MPLipy. 11. n. Frequently with the
• particle on.

I. To fpeak largely in many words ; to
lay one's felf out in diffufion.

When you jfieiV to amplify en the former
btanihfCi of a difcouii'e, you will often lay a nectl.
fltjiupyjii yourfelf of contrafliog the latter, and
Drevcrtt'yoijrfelf in die moll important pa" of
yourdcfign. • iVattii Lugid.

1. To form large or pompous reprefenta-

tions. .

An excellent medicjiw for the ftone might be
coni;eived, by amplifying apprehenfions ab'.e to
break a diamond. Bru'wii's Vulgar Errcurs.

I.haie fometimes been f)iced to amplify en

others i but hfie, wUeK the fubjeit li fo ftuittul,

I, that

AM P

that the h»rveft ovcrcoipei the reaper, I am
Oiofttnei by my chain. Drydm,

Homer amflijiny not invents ; and as thers
waj rrally a people called Cyclopcans, fo they
might be men ot' great naniic, or giants.

PcIk'i Odsffiy.
A'm p LI t u d e. «./. \ampUtmlc, t'lr. c.mpti-
tudo, Lat.j

1. Extent.

Whatever I look upon, within the amfittuie of
heaven and earth, is evidence ot human jgnoranrc.

Clami'iliu

2. Largenefs; greabiefs.

Men fliould learn how fp^cre a thing the t.-ue
inquifition of nature is, and accu(h>m themfclvcs,
by ihc light of particulars, to enlarge their minds
to the cmfftlttdc of the world, and not reduce the
world to the narrownefs of their minds. Bacun.

3. Capacity j extent of intelleftual faculi
ties. I

With more than liuraan gifts from beav'n
adorn'd,
PerfeQions abfolute, graces divine,
And amfUiuie of mind to greateft deeds. Milton^

4. Splendour ; grandeur ; dignity. '

In the great fiamc of kingdoms jnd common-
wealths, it is in the power of princes, or ertatcs,
to add emfliiudi and greatnefs to their kingJams.

Bacan'i EJpiys.

5. Copioufnefs ; abundance.

You flxould fay every thing which has a proper
and dircd tendency to this end j always propor-
tioning the amfHtudi of your matter, and the ful-
nefs of your difcourfej to your great defign ; the
length of your time, to tlie convenience of your
hrarrrs, IfiHis's Loguk,

6. Amplitude of the rangi of a frojeMe,
denotes the horizontal line fubtending
the path in which it moved.

7. Amplitude, in aftronomy, an arch of
the horizon, intercepted between the
true eaft and weft point thereof, and
the centre of the fun or ftar at its rifmg
or fetting. It is eaftern oi* ortive, when

. the liar rifes ; and welleni or occiiuous,
when the liar fets. The eailern or wcf
tern amplitude are alfo called northern
or fouthern, as they fall in the northern
or foulhern quarters of the horizon.

8. Magnetical amplitude is an arch of the
horizon contained between the fun at his
rifing, and the eaft or well point of the
compafs ; or, it is the difference of the
rifmg or fetting of the fun, from the
eaft or weft parts of the corapafs. ,

Cbambtrs.
A'm PLY. ad'V. [ampli, Lat.]

1. Largely ; liberally.

For whofe well-being.
So amply, and with hands fo liberal,
Thou haft provided all things. Mi/ton,

The evidence they had before was enough,
tafly enough, to convince them ; but they vvete
relolyed iwt to be convinced : and to thofe, who
are rcfolved not to b? convinced, all motives, all
arguments, are equal. Atttrbury.

2. At large ; without referve.

At return
Of him fo lately prom's'd to thy aid,
The woman's feed, obfcurcly then foretold,
"ticw airifBer known, thy Saviour, and thy Lord.

Milan,

3. At large ; copioufly ; with jt dilfufive
detail.

Some parts of a poem require to be amfly writ-
ten, and with all [he force and elegance o( words;
others muft be eaft- into (hadows; that is, piflcd
over in fileoce, or but faintly touched.

Dryam't Du/nfnoy

.JA.:M^U

To A'MPUTATE. *. a. [awputo, Lat.]
To cot off a limb : a wordufed only in
chirurgery.

Amongft the cruiters, it wwci^^UineJ, that
their furgeons were too aftivc in it'nfu'tat'ng ,fnc-
■fored memberf. ' ff^Jcmjn'iSurpry.

Amptjta'tion. «. f, [ampittatio, Lat.]
The operation of cutting off .> limb, or other
part of the body. The ufual method of perform-
ing it, in the inftancc <»t' a leg, is as follows. The
proper part for the operation being four or five
inclws below tiic knee, the ikin and flcfli are fi;ft
to be drawn very tight upwards, and fecured from
returning by a ligature two or three fingers broad :
above this ligature another loofe one is palTcd, for
the gripe ; which being twilled by means of a flick,
may be ftraitened to any degree at ple.'.fure. Then
the patient being conveniently fituated, and the
operator placed to the infide of the limb, which is
to be held by one afliftant above, and another be-
low the part defigned fur the operation, and the
gripe fufficiently twilled to prevent too large an
hemorrhage, the flclh is, with a ftroke or two, to
be feparated from the bone with the difmembering
knife. Then the perioftium being alfo divided
from the bone with the back of the knife, faw
the bone afunder, with as few (Irokes as pofliLIe.
When two parallel bones are concerned, the lU(h
tliat grows between them muft likewife be fepa-
rated before the ufe of the faw. This being done,
the gripe may be flackened, to give an opportunity
of fearching for the large blood veffels, and fecunng
the hemorrhage at their mouths. After making
proper applications to the ftump, loofen the firft,
ligature, and pull both the Ikin and the flelh, as far
as conveniently may be, over the ftump, to cover
it; and fecure thcni with the crofs flitch made at
the depth of half or three quarters of an inch in
the (kin. Then apply pledgets, ailringcnts, plaif-
ters, and other necelfaries. CkmwJ/cn,

The Amazons, by the nmfutatm of their right
breaft, had the freer ufe of their bow.

Srotvni Vulgar Errours*
A'm u LET. n.f. [amuktle, Fr. amuletum,
or amoletum, quod malum ainolitur, Lat.]
An appended remedy, or prefervative ; a
thing hung about the neck, or any other
part of the body, for preventing or cur-
ing of fome particular difeafes,

Ihat fpirits are c^irporeal, fecnu at firft view
a conceit derogative unto himfcif ; yet herein he
eftabiiOieth the doftrine of lutlrationo, amulm,
and charms. Brawn's Vulgar Errours.

They do not certainly know the fatfity of what
they report ; and their ignorance muft ferve you
as an arnnltt againft the guilt both of deceit and
malice. Gmtrnment of the 7cngue.

Amurco'sity. K.f. [amurca, Lat.] The
quality of lees or mother of any thing.

Did.
To AMU'SE. v. a. [amufer,FT.]
I. To entertain with tranquillity; to fill
with thoughts that engage the mind,
without dillrafting it. To divert im-
plies fomething more lively, and to
pleafe, fomething more important. It
is therefore frequently taken in a fenfe
bordering on contempt.

They think they fee vifions, and arc arrived to
fome extraordinary revelationf. ; when, indeed,
they do but dream dreams, a»d umujt themfclves
with the fanuftick ideas of a bufy Imagination.

Decay tf Piety.

I cannot think it natural for a man, who is
much in love, to amuji himfelf with triflef. Jt'aljh.

z. To draw on from time to time ; to
keep in e.xpcftation ; as, he amufed his
followers with idle promifes.

Amu'sement. n.f. [amufepunt, Fl-I That
which amufes ; entertainment.
Every inteicft or plcafure of life, ev«a the rooft

•AN A

trifling amufemtnl, is fuflfered to poApoce the one
thing neceflary. Rogers*

During his confinement, his amufement was to
give poifon to dogs and cats, and lee (hem expire
by flower jr quicktr torments. Pcpe^

I was left to Hand the battle, while others, wto
had better taknts than a dr.iper, thought it no un-
pleafant amufement to look on witn f ifety, whilft
another was giving them divcrfion at the haz.^rd of
his liberty. Svj'ift.

Amxj'ser. n. f. [amufear, Fr.] He that
amufes, as with falfe promifes. The
French word is always uken in an ill
fenfe,

Amu'sive. adj.\from.amttfe.'\ That which'
has the power of amufmg, 1 know not
that this is a current word.

But amaz'd.
Beholds th' armifive arch before him fly.
Then vaniOi quite away. Thomjin^

Am^'gdalate. adj. [amygdala, Lat,}
Made of almonds.

.■i M y' G D A L I N E . adj. [amygdala , Lat . ]
Relating to almonds ; relembling al-
monds.

An. article, [ane, Saxon ; ten, Dutch ; elne,
German.] The article indefinite, ufed
before a vowel, or h mute. See A.

1. One, but with lefs emphafis; as, there
ftands a houfe.

Since he cannot be always employed in Audy,
reading, and cunverfation, there will be many an
hour, befidcs what his exercifes will take up. Lode.

2. Any, or fome ; as, an elephant might
fwim in this water.

He was no way at on uncertainty, nor ever in thfr
Icaft at a lofs concerning any branch of it. Lute.

A wit 's a feather, and a chief a rod,
.'lit h.mcft man 'sthe nobleft wotk of God. Pafe.

3. Sometimes it fignifics, like a, fome par-
ticular ftate ; but this is now difufed.

It is certain that odours do, in a fnull degree,
nourifli ; efpccially the odour of wine ; and we
fee men fin hungred do love to frnell hot bread.

Bjecr.

4. An is fometimes, in dd authors, a con-
traflion of and if.

' He can't flatter, he I
An honeft mind and plain ; he muft fpeak truth,
y^H they will take it, fo ; if not, he's plain. Shtkefp.

5. Sometimes a contraftion of and before

if

Well I know
The clerk viill ne'er wear hair on 's face that had it.
— — He wll an i/he live to be a man. Shaitff,

6. Sometimes it is a contraftion of eu if.

My next pretty corrcfpondent, like Shake-
fpearc's lion in Pyramus and Thiibe, roars «»' it
were any nightingale. Addijon,

A'NA. ad'V, [«»<».] A word ufed in the
prefcriptions of phyfick, importing the
like quantity ; as, wine and honey, a
or ana ^ ii ; that is, of wine and honey
each two ounces.

In the fame weight innocence and prudence
take.
Ana of each does the juft mixture make, Coicley.

He'll bring an apodiecary with a chargeable long
billof<JM«. Dryden.

A'NA. n.f. Books fo called from the laft
fyjlables of their titles ; as, Scaligerana,
Thuaniana ; they are loofe thoughts, or
cafual hints, dropped by eminent men,
and collefted by their friends.

An aca'mptiCK. adj. [a»a«a/iwla-.] Re-

flefting, or reflefted ; an anacamptuk

found*.

A N A\

(band, an echo ; an anacamptUk hill, a
hill that produces an echo.

S A N A c a'm p T I c K s . /.'./. 'J'he doftri ne of
reflefted light, or catoptricks. It has
no fmgular.

I Anacatha'rtick. n.f. [See Cathar-
TicK.] Any medicine that works up-
wards, ^incy.

'^JNACEPHJLjEO'SIS. n. f. [<i,ax/f a-
y.ai«7t?.J Recapitulation, or fummary of
the principal heads of a difcourfe. DiS.
Ana'chorete. 7 n.f^ [fometimes viti-
Ana'chorite. 3 oufly written <7ffi:/>or/>f ;
asax'^^'mi-^ A monk who, with the
leave of his fuperiour, leaves the con-
vent for a more aullere and folitary life.

Yet lies not li^ve deai here, but here doth fit,
VowM to this trench, like an anacborite, Dortne,

Ana'chronism. ». /. [from a«» and
Xj^it^-] An errour in computing time,
by which events are mifplaced with re-
gard to each other. It fcems properly
to iignify an errour by which an event
is placed too early ; but is generally
ufed for any errour in chronology.

This leads me to the defence of the famous ana-
fhromijrry in making ^neas and Dido cotempora-
ries : for it is certain, that the hero lived almolt
two hundred years before the building of Carthage.

Dryd.r.

Anacla'tjcks. n. /. [aia a.nd K>jiu.]
The doftrine of refrafted light ; diop-
tricks. It has no lingular.

jtNJDIPLO'SIS. n.f. [<i,«J.-=7A„3-.{.] Re-
duplication ; a figure in rhetorick, in
which the laft word of a foregoing mem-
ber of a period becomes the firft of the
following ; as, he rttair.eJ his 'virtue!
amidjl all his misfortunes, misfortunes
luhicb only his 'virtues brought upon him.

An ACOGE'tICAL. adj. [Ktayai^r.] That

which contributes or relates to fpiritual
elevation, or religious raptures; mylle-
rious ; elevated above humanity. Did.

ANACo'oiCAL. adj. [anitgogique, Fr.l
Myfterious; elevated; religioufly ex-
alted. £>,V?.

Anago'gic ALLTT. ojv. [frOBi analogi-
cal.] Myllerioufly j with religious ele-
vation.

A'NAGRAM. «./. [i.ci and

y^x;j.f/ia

,] A

conceit arifing from the letters of a name,
tranfpofed ; as this, of ff^,i,l,l,i,a,m,
N.BfY, attorney-general to Charles I. a
very laborious man, J msyl in laiu.

Though all her parts be not in th' ufuai place.
She hath )ct the iinagrams of a good face:
If we inig'it put the letters but one way.
In that kan dearth of words what could we fay?

Dinnc,
Thy genius calls thee not to purchafe fame
In keen iambicks, but mild ana^iam. Dijdcti.
Anagra'mmatism. n. J. [from ana-
gram.'] The aft or praftice of making
anagrams.

The only quinteflence that hitherto the alchymj
of wit could draw out of names, is naftramrr.at:jni,
or metagrammatifm, which is a diniilution of a
name truly written into his letters, as his clement?,
aiul a n;w conneiion of it by artificial tranfpofition,
without addition, fuiftraftion, or change of any
letter, into different words, makir^ (^mt |«rfe<t
fcnfe apptjablc to the ^urton nameii. Cnmdcn.

A s AC R a'm mat iST. n.f. [from aaagiuui.]
A maker of anagrami.

ANA

To Anacra'mmatize. t. «. [anagram-
tnatifer, Fr.] To make anagrams.

Anale'ptick. ««!>■. [i^«^^«1.x©-.] Com-
forting; corroborating: a term of phy-
fick.

Anakfticl meJicines cheiifli the nerves, and re-
new the fpirits and ftrength. Slu'mc/.

Ana LOCAL, fl:^'. [hora analogous.] Ana-
logous ; having relation.

When 1 fee many anakgai motions in animals,
though I cannot cj!l them voluntary, yet I f<e
them fpontaneous, I have reafon to conclude that
thefe in their principle ate not Amply mechanical.

Hale.
Analo'gical. adj. [hoTa analogy.]

1. Ufed by way of analogy. It feems
properly diiHnguifhed ^rota analogous, as
words from things ; analogous iignifies
having relation, and analogical having
tl:e quality of repreienting relation.".

It is looked on only as the image of the true God,
and that not as a proper likencfs, but by anahnn'l
rrprcfentation. Siillirgjlc!!.

When a word, which originally fignifies any par-
ticular idea or objefl, is attributed to fevenil other
objeCh, not by way ofiefemblance, but on the ac-
count of fome evident reference to the original idea,
this is peculiarly called an analcgical word ; To a
found or healthy puJfe, a found digeftion, found
flecp, are fo called, with reference to » found aiil
healthy conftitcuion ; but if you fpeak of found
doarine, or found fpeech, this is by way of refem-
blance to health, and the words arc metaphorical.

iVaitt's Logh-t.

2. Analogous ; having refemblance or re-
lation.

There it placed the minerals between the inani-
mate and vegetable province, participating fomc-
tlung ana/ogical to either. Hair's Orig. cfMatiHitd.
AKALo'GiCALLV.a^v. [from analogical.]
In an analogical manner j in an analo-
gous manner.

I am convinced, from the Smpllcity and unifor-
mity of the Divine Nature, ami of all his works,
that 'there is fome one univerfal princip'/;) running
through the whole fyrtem of creatures anah^kaUy,
and congruous to their relative natures. 'Chrym.
Analo'gicalness. n.f. [from analogi-
cal.] The quality of being analogical ;
(itnefs to be applied for the illuftration
of fome analogy.
Ana'locism. n. /. [i>.a>.r,y,o-f/.of.] An

argument from the caufe to the effeft.
To Ana'locize. f. a. [from anakgy.]
To explain by way of analogy ; to form
fome refemblance between different
things ; to confidcr fcmething with re-
gard to its analogy with fomcvvliac clfc.
We have Ijfl.ms of material bodies, diveifly
figured and fituatcd, if feparately cunlidcrcd ; thcv
reprefent the objcft of tire dcdrc, which is .im/o'-
gtiitd by attraction or gr.'.vitation. C'jrym.

Ana'logous. adj. [i,a and >o7^.]

1. Having analogy ; be.iring fome refem-
blance or proportion ; having fomcthing
parallel.

Eitrrcile makes things eafy,»hat woul J be other-
wife «ry hard; at, in labour, iKirchings, he;,:j,
and colds ; and then thertis fi.mething an.ihgcti in
the exercife of the mind to that of the b )dy. It
is folly and infirmiiy that makes us dtlitite and
i^<>^"i- . L-EJliMgc.

Many impottarvt confequenccs may bo Ji iwn '
from the obfervition of the mod common things,'
and anthgous rcafonings from the caafcJ of them.

2, It has tthe word to before the thing to
which the refemblance is noted.

T>is incorporeal fuiftaine may have foiaC fort of

ANA

exigence, arahgcu! to corporeal exten/lon ; though
we have no adequate conception hereof. Lackt*
ANA'LOGY. n.f. [awXoyia.]

1. Refemblance between things with re-
gard to Ipnie circumflaiices or efiedfs ;
as learning, is faid to enlighten the mind ;
■that is, it is to the mind what light is
to the eye, by enabling it to difcover
that which was hidden before.

from Ged it hath proceeded, that the church
hath eventiore held a prefcript form of common
pi-ajer, although not in all things every where the
fame, yet, for the moil part, retaining the fartie
anal(^'< Hcokcr»

What I here obferve of extraordinary revelation
and prophecy, willj by iiM/og;y and due proportion,
extend even to thofe communications of God's
will, that arc requifi e to falvation. Souths

2. When the thing to which the an.ilogy is
fuppoied, happens to be mentioned, ana-
logy has after it the particles tc or ivith j
when both the things are mentioned af-
ter analogy, the particle befuHen or be-
tivixt is ufctl.

ii the body politick have any analogy to the na-
tural, an ad> of oblivion were necelVary in a hot
diftcmpered ilate. t>rydm.

By onalt/gy vj'ith all other liquors and concretions,

the form oi the chaos, whether liquid or concrete,

could not be the fame with that of t.nepretent earth.

Burvet's Tteory^

If we make Juvenal exprefs the cuitoms of our
country, rather than of Rome, it is when there
was fome analogy l^e-'U-ixt ihe curtoms. D>yden,

3. By grammarians, it is ufed to fignify
the agreement of feveral words in one
common mode ; as, from Icve is formed
lo'ved ; from hate, hated ; fiom grieve,
grie'ved,

Ana'lysis. n.f. [ani?iuirt{.}
I . A feparation of a compound body into
the feveral parts of which it confifts.

There is an account of dcv/ fa.liiig, in fome
places, in the form of hotter, or greafe, wlijcli
grows extremely fetid ; fo that .the analyfis of the
dew ol^ any place, may, perhaps, be the belt me-
thod of finding fuch contents of the foil as are
within the reach of the fun. jirbuthtiot*

Z. A confideration of any thing in parts, fo
as that one particular is firil conlidered,
then another

Analyjii coniiils in making experiments and ob-
fi-rvati'in,;, and in <!rJA'ing i^ncral coiulufions from
thein by induftinn, I'.nd admitting of no objcfJ^iuns ~"
but fuch as arc taken fr<>m experiments, or other
certain irutlis. Ncnvion'i Ojiticks*

3. A Iblution of any thiiig, whether cor-
poreal or mental, to its fiill elements;
as, of a fentence to the f;ngle words ; of
a compound word, to the particles and
words which form it ; of a tune, to fin-
glc notes ; of an argument, to fimple
propofitioiifl.

Wc cannot know any thing of nature, but by an
annlyfn of it'j ti ne initial ciutts ; till we kno'.v the
firl) firings of natural ■taoticns^ we are itillliiit >g-
norants. L-.vicuti/t.

Akai y'riCAL. adj. [from analjj'ss.]
I. That which relolvcs any thing into firft
principles ; that which feparates any
compounJ. See An alysis.

titlici may be probjbiy m.:intaincd ag^lnft the
inacciirat-nsfs of the analytical experiments vul-
garly relied on. il-y!f.

3. That which proceeds by annlyfis, or by
I taking the parts of a compciund into
I dillinft and (articular confideration.
■ Dcftartcs hath here infinitely outdm e all the
^ * pli 1 foj hei-s .

ANA

ANA

ANA

pTiilofoplitrs that wtnt btfore him, in givlnj » par-
ticular and analytical account of the un'vcrfal fa-
brick : )cl he intends his principles but f>r hypo-
thcfcf. Glanville,

AfALY'TtCAi-ty. adv. [from ttnaljticnl.\
In fuch a manner as feparafes com-
pounds into fimples. See Analysis.

AnaLy'tiCK. adj. [ara^L^lz'®-.] The

manner of refolving compounds into the
fimpie con.litucht or component parts,
applied chiefly to mental operations.

He was in logiclc a great crrtick.
Profoundly .*l U'd in analyiik, Hudihras.

j4iia!ytich method takes the whole compound as
It finds it, whetiier it be a fpecies or an individual,
and leads us into the knowledge of it, by refolving
into its firft principles, or p?r;s, its gcnerick ra
ture, and its fpecial properties j and therefore it is
called the m-thod of refolutiim. fTjirs's Log'uk.

To A'NALYZE, t. a. [uvcc\v<^.] Jo re-
folve a compound into its firft principles.
See Analysis.

Chemiftry enabling us to depurate bodies, aijd,
in fome mcafufe, to analyse them, and take afdn-
dcr their heterogeneous parts, in many chymical
experiments, we may, better than in others, know
what manner of bodies we employ ; art having
made them more limple or uncompounded, than
nature alone is wont to prtfent them us. Boyle.

To analyse the immorality of any aAion into
its laft principles ; if it be enquired, why fuch an
a^ion is to be avoided, the immediate anfwer is,
becaufe it is (in. Norm': MifccH,

When the fentence is diftinguiflied into fubjefl
sind predicate, propofition, argument, aft, objeO,
caufe, cfieift, adjunct, oppofite, ^c. then it is
enaiyzed analogically and mctapliylically. This
laft is what is chiefly meant in the theological
fchOols, when they fpeak of analyzing a text of
■ frripture. ff^atn'i Logick.

A'n alyzer. ti./. [from To nnnlyze.] That
which has the power of analyzing.]

Particular reafons incline me to doubt, whether
the fire be the true and univerfal analyzer of mixt
bodies. Boyle.

JKAMORPHO'SIS. n.f. [avi and ^e^ipo'u.]
Deformation ; a perfpeftive projeftion
of any thing, fo that to the eye, at one
point of view, it (hall appear deformed,
in another, an exaft and regular repre-
fentation. Sometimes it is made to ap-
pear confufed to the naked eye, and re-
gular, when viewed in a mirrour of a
certain form.

ANANAS, tt. /. The pine-apple.

The fpecies are, i. Oval-fli.iped pine-apple,
with a whitifti flcfh. a. Pyramidal pine-apple,
vith a yellow flcfh, 3. Pine-apple, with fmooth
leaves. 4. Pine-apple, with fhinirig green Icavci,
and fcarce any fpines on their edges. 5. The nlive-
coloured pine. •, Miller.

Witnefs thou bed anana, thou the pride
Of vegetable lite, beyond whate'er
The poets imag'd in the golden age. Ttomfon.

uiNjfNJS, nxriU. The fame with penguin.
See PENGUIN.

JNAPHORA.n.f. [iraipofi.] A figure,
when feveral ciaufes of a fentence are
begun with the fame word, or found;
as. Where is the ivife? Where is the
fcribe F Where it the difputer of this
tuorld ?

AnaPLERO'ticK. fl<^'. ira«rX>)«a.] That
which fills up any vacuity ; ufcd of ap-
plications which promote flelh.

A'NARCH. n.f. [See Anarchy.] An
author of confufion.

Him thus the anarch eA^\
With fjult'ring fpeech, add vifageinj^mpos'd,

Anfwer'd. Milr^n.

An A'RCHiCAL.flfl^'. [fromaHarchy.l Con-'
fufed ; .without rule or government;

In this anarcki.jl aini rebi-Iiious ft.ite of .human

' nature, the fuculties bi'longitig to the mate, ial

world prcfume to determine the natuK of fubjefts

belong' ng to the fjprenrie Spirit. CI ryne.

A'n ARCH Y. »./. [i»«f;^ia.] Want of go-
vernment ; a Hate in which every man
is unaccouaable ; a £ate without mi.-
giftracy. ' ■ 1 '

WMrr^Ueft Night •
And Chaos, anceft-vrs if Nature, hold
Eternal «»iWi»;,amid(^ the' noife'
Of endlefi wars, and by confurton f>and. Afi/fcn.
A'-bitraiy power is but the firft natural ftepfrom

^ anarchf, or the fivage life; the a:ij Jlling .povyer
an3 frceJom being an cffeft and cunfe^ueace-of

( rhaturer 'thinking. '^ivifl.

ANASARCA, n.f [from ,i,i and o-aJ.]
A fort'6f dropfy, where the whole lub-
ftance is ftutfed with pituitous humours.

^uincy.
■yVhen the lympha ftagnates, or is extravafated
under the Sk^a, it is called an anafarca.

jirhuibnot en Diet
Anasa'rcous. a<ijr. [Uom anafarca.'] Re-
lating to an anafarca ; partaking of the
nature of an anafarca.

A gentlewoman laboured Qf an afcjtes, wjth an
anafareoui fWelling of her belly, thighs, andjlcgs,

If-^ifeman.

Anasto;ma'tick, adj. [fron 4"» and
5-o/i*a.]' That which has the quality of
opening th; veflVls, or of removing ob-
ftruflions.

ANASrOMO'SJS. n.f [from a.k and
rofia.] The inofculation of veffels, or
the opening of one veflel into another;
as, of the arteries into the veins.

ANA'STROPHE. n.f [ivar^o^i, a pre-
pofterous placing, from itar^-t'ipw.] A
figure whereby words which lliould have
been precedent, are pollponed.

ANATHEMA, n.f [«»aV«-]

1. A curfe pronounced by ecclefiaftical
authority ; excommunication.

i^er bare anafhetnas fall but like fo many hrutj
fulmina M'fon the fchifmatical j who think them-
fclves fhrewdly hurt, ^orfooth, by being cut off
from the body, which they choofe not to be of.

S^jufh's Scrmini.

2. The objeft of the curfe, or perfon
curfed. This feems the original mean-
ing, though now little ufed.

An athema'tic al. adj.- [from" anathe-
ma.'] That which has the properties of
an anathema ; that which relates to an
anathema.

An athema'tically. 'v.a. [(mm ana-
thematical.] In an anathematical man-
ner.

To An ath e'm ATIZE. v.a. [from fl».s-
thema.] To pronounce' accurfed by ec-

' clefiaftical authority ; to excommuni-
cate.

They were therefore to be anathftnatixeif, and,

with'detcftation, branded and bamfhed out of the

church. Hammond.

An ati'ferous. adj. [(romanas zndfero,

Lat.] Producing. ducks. Not in uie.

If there be anati/.-rous trees, whole corruption

breaks forth into barn:fcles ; yet, if tliey corrupt,

, they d:* "-n"i.itc Ijitu maggots, which produce not

them a;; .in. Brtnen'i yiJ^ar Errouri.

Ana'tocism. n. f. [anatecifmut, Lat.
an»lo>ri(7f/o,-.] The accumulation of in-
tereft upon intereft ; the addition of the

; intereft due for money lent, to the ori-

' ginal fuin. A fpecies of ufury generally
forbidden.

Anato'mical. adj. [irom anatomy.']

1. Relating or belonging to anatomy.

When We are taught by K'gick to view a thing*
completely in all its parts, by the help of d:vi<j»n,
it has the uf; of an anat:ir.:c.:l knlle, which dif-
fers an animal body, arfd fepiiirci the veins, ar-
teries, niTves, mufolcs, membranes, &V. and
(hews ui the feveriil pjrt& whicb^o to tlie compo>
fiti n cf a complete animal. H'ails'i Lcgick.

2. Proceeding upon principles taught in
anatomy ; coufidered as the cbjcd of
anatomy.

1'hcre is a natural, involuntary dillortion of the
mufcl'Sj which is the anatcmieal caufe of laughter ;
but theie is another cat^fc of laughter, which de.
cercy requires. Svtif^

3. Anatomized'; differed; ftparated.

The continuation of (ojidity is apt to be con-
founded with, and, if we will look into the minute
anatomical parts of mat'.cr, is httle diU'ctcfiC t'rojn
hardnefs. Locke,

;An ato'mically. adv. [from anatomi-
cal.] In an anatomical manner ; in the
fenfe of an anaiomift ; according to the

j doiflrine of anatomy.

While lome afhimed it had no gall, intending,

only thereby no evidence of anger or fury, ethers

have conftrued anatomically, and denied that part at

. all. Brc^'n^t yylgnr Errsun.

Ana'tomist. n.f. [atoio/.-.o^.] He that
ftudies the ftruflure of animal bodies,
by means of diflediion ; he that divides
the bodies of animal^, to difcover the

I various parts.

j ./?nd;off?r/?r,adjudged, that if nature had been fuf-
fere'd to run her own courfe, without this fatal in-

( terruptior, he might have doubled his age, JJowel*
Hence when analsmijis difcourfe,
How like brutes organs are to ours ;
They grant, if higher powers think fit,
A bear might foon be made a wit; •

And that, for any thing in nature.
Pigs m'ght fqucak love odes, dogs bark fatlre.

Prior.

To Ana'tOMIZB. v.a. [a>a1//;c»»>.]

1. To difleft an animal ; to divide the
body into its component or conftiiuent
parts.

Our induftry mull even aralomixe every particle .
of that body, which we are to uphold. JivAer*

2. To lay any thing open diftinflly, and
by minute parts.

i fpcak but brotlierly of him, but fhould I ana-

rcro/Zi-hi.-n to thee as he is, 1 mull blulh and weep,

and then muft look pale and wonder. Shake^m

'J'lien dark diftinciions reafon*s liglit difguisM,

I And into atoms truth anatcmix'J. Denbanh

ANA'TOMY. n.f [i.x1oi^'.cc.]

1 . The art of diflcfting the body.

It is proverbially f.iid,i''crK;i«'/r« .;<;/« ine/t, bit-
hct et mujca fplencm ; whereas thek parts anatomy
h:ith not dlfcovered in infedls.

Br:<zvn^s Vulgar Erroun*
It is therefore in thi anatomy of tlie mind, as in
that of the body ; more good will accrue to man-
I kind, by attending to the large, open, and per-
ceptible parts, than by fludying too much fuch
finer nerves and vefl'els, as will for ever efcape our
, obferva::ion. Pcfe.

2. The tlodrine cf the ftrufture of the
body, learned by diflliftion.

Let tS'e mufc!ei'bewell i.nfericd and bound toge-
ther, according tithe knowledge of them which
is given us by analony. Drydcn,

3. The

A N C

3. The aft of dividing any thing, whether
corporeal or intelleftual.

When a moneyed man hath di'-'dcd his cherts,
he lecmcth to himlelf richer than he was ; there-
fore, a wjy to amiplify any thirg, is to break it,
and to malie anatomy ot it in feveral parts. Bactn.

4. The body ftripped of its integuments ;
a Cieleton.

O that my topguc were in 'Bx thunder's mouth,
Tiien with a paiiion I would ih ike the world,
AiiJ rouze from firep that fell arcf.my,
■WhXJi canr.o: hear a feeble hdy's vn:rj. Shalcjp.

5. By way of irony or ridicule, a thin
meagre perfon.

Th;y brjjjht one Pinch, a hungry lean- fac'd
villain,
A mere Matumy, a mounKbank,
A thiead-bire juggler, and a fortjne-telle-,
A needy, hoUow-ey'd, iharp looking wre eh,
A living dead man. Stakfjp. C'.rrrdy of Err-un.

A'natron. n. r. The {cum which fwims
upon the molten glafs in the furnace,
which, wh^n taken oft', melts in tne
air, and then coagulates into com-
mon fait. It is likewife that fait which
gathers upon the walls of vaults.

A'NBUtY. »./ SeeAwBURY.

A'lNCESTOR. n. f. [auce/or, Lat. ait-
<eft>t, Fr.J One from whom a perfon
delcends, either by the father or the
mother. It is diftinguiihed from preJe-
cejjor ; which is not, like amejlor, a na-
tural, but civil denomination. An here-
ditary monarch/ucceeds to his anctjiars ;
an eleftive, to \i\% fredecejfors.

And (he lit* buried with her anctjlcrs,
O, in a tomb where never fcandal flcpt.
Save this of net's. Stahfjt. Afm b adc ahut Nttb.
Cham was the paternal anctflor of Ninus, the
fcther of Chus, the grandfather of Nimrcd ; whofe
fon was Belus, the father of Ninus. Raleigh.

Obfcure ! why pt'ythee what am I ? I know
Vly father, grandfire,' and great grandfite too :
If farther 1 derive my pedigree,
1 can but guef. beyond the fourth degree.
The reft of my forgotten atictfi.rs
Were fon» of earth, like him, or fons of whores.

DryiUn,

A'kcestrel. fl/^'. [from ancefiar.] Claim-
ed from anceftors; relating to anceftors:

a term of law.

Lim-.tition in a^ioni anecfiril, was anciently fo
}.ere in England. Halt.

A'ncestry. »./. [from flfrf(y?or.]

1. Lineage ; a feries of anceftors, or pro-
genitors ; the perfons who compofe the

lineage.

Plit joii 1 hight, s" 'th he ; and do advance
Mine a>'<tfirj from famuus Corndin,
Who firll toraife our iriufe to honour did begin.

Sfenfrr.

f . :... 3>jherenre to the rights and libe.--

(jc from a wife and virtuous anccfiry,

p^^^, . and a love of one's country, are

the tuppuii and urnameats of government.

,, - MMjcn.

Say fr'^'m what fccpterM ancejlry ye clafm,
B,ecord''d eminent in d:ri' ii!'-):, I^mc ? Pofe.

2. Thf lionour of dcfcent ; birth.

■■..I atc'-ftry rci.oer a i;0'jd nian more il-
lu'-ii ■ t b"^ ^"^ ''^ *^^^ m'^rc contcmi-tible.

Mdf,n
A' K c H E N T r V . n. f. [ .'rom ancient, and
therefore properly to be written an-
eieniry.] Anaquity of a family ; ancient
dignity i appearance or proof of an-
tiquity.
V.ooing, wedding, and repenting, i> a Scotch

A N C

j!jr> a meafurc, and a cinque pacf ; the firft fuit is
iiot and hafty, like a Scotch jig, and full as fan-
taf^ical ; the wedding mannerly modeft, as a mea-
fure full of ftate and ancbentry ; and then comes
repentance, and with his bad legs falls into the
cinque pace fafter aud falser, till he links into his
grave. Shaktjfeare.

A'NCHOR. B./ [anciora, Lat.]
I. A heavy iron, conipofed of a long
(hank, having a ring at one end to
which the cable is faftened, and at the
other branching out into two arms or
fiooks, tending upwards, with barbs
or edges on each fide. Its ufe is to
I : hold the Ihip, by being fixed to the
ground.

He Jaid, and wept; then fpread his fails before
The winds, and reach'd at length the Cuman

fliorc :
Their anchors dropt, his crew the veflels moor.

Drydtn.
2; It is nfed, by a metaphor, for any thing
which confers liability or fecurity.

Which ill pe we have a;* an anchcr ot the foul,
both fure and ftedfaft, and which entcrcth into
tliat wit'.iin the veil. Htbrnui.

3. The forms of fpeech in which it is moll
commonly ufed, are, to caji amhor, to
lie or ride at anchor.

The Turkirti general, perceiving that the Rho-
dians would not be drawn forth to battle at Tea,
withdrew his fleet, when cafilng anchcr, and land-
ing his men, be burnt the corn.

Kr.illn'i H'lpry of the turkt.

Ent'ring with the tide.

He dropp''d bis anchirtf and his oars he pty'd j

Furl'd every fail, and drawing down the mall.

His veflel moor'd, and made with hauifers fad.

Dry den.
Far from your capital my fliip refidcs
At Reithrus, and lei.ure at ambor ridti. Pope.
To A'nchor. 'u. n. [from anchor.'\

1 . To caft anchor ; to lie at anchor.

The filhermen that walk upon the beach
Appear like mice; and yon tall ancboring baric
Diminifh'd to her cock. Sbakefp. King Lear.

Near Calais the Spaniards anchored^ cxpedHng
their land-forces, which came not. Bacon.

Of the ftrait courle to rocky Chios plow.
And anchor under Mimos' ihaggy brow. Pope.

2. To flop at ; to reft on.

My intention, hearing not my tongue,
y^ncUrs on I label. Hbakefprare.

To A'nchor. 'v. a.

1 . To place at anchor ; as, he anchored
his Ihip.

2. To fix on.

My topgue Ihouid to my ears not name my boys.
Till that my nails were fl/jci»a/-'</ in thin-: eyes.

Siakflpeare.

A'.vcHOR. n.f. Shaiejfeare {eems to have
ufed this word for anchoret, or an ab-
ftemious recluie perfon.

'J'o uelp^ratiui: turii my truft and hope!
An anchor's cheer in prifon be my fcopc !

.^'lake/peare.
A'nchOr-hold. n.f. [from anchor and
hold.] The hold or faftnels of the an-
. chor ; and, figuratively, lecurity.

The Old itn^l.lh c >uid exprcis moit aptly all
the conceits of the mind in their own t mgue,
without birrowinj^ from any ; a; forexampic : t'lc
holy fervice of Cod, uhicti the Latins calied rc-
ligi-»t becaufc it knitted the minds oi m&n to-
gither, .'nd mort peo; Ic of £uiopc have joi rowed
the fame from tnem, they called moit u^r ifi-
•caniiy ^dff y!i/Mr/J, ai thi: one a. d on.y afiuran».e
i-jj la.t jnibt^r.if'jf'i at' out f.,uls he,ilt'i. Cimiier.

A'nchor-smith. nj. [from a/jfW arid
jMith.] I'he maker or forger of anchors.

A N C

Smithing comprehends all trades which ufe cf-
ther forge or file, from the anchor fmilb to the
watchmaker; they all working by the fame rules^
though not with equal eXa^ncfs ; and all ufing the
fanie tools, though of feveral fizes. Moxon^

A'nchorage. n.f. [from «;7i-^«r.]

1. The hold of the anchor.

Let me refolve whether there be indeed fuch
efficacy in nurture and iirft produflion ; for if
that fuppofal fliould fail us, all our anchorage werej
loofe, and we ihould but wander in a wild lea.

IVotton^

2. The fet of anchors belonging to a fhip.

The baik that hath difcharg'd her freight.
Returns with precious lading to the bay.
From whence at firft ihe wcigh'd htt anchorage,

i)hiJkeipeare^

3. The dijty paid for the liberty of an-
choring in a port.

A'nlhored. farticip. adj. [from To an-
chor.] Held by the anchor.

Like a well-twirted cable, holding faft

The an.bor'd veflel in the loudeft blaft. ffaUeri-

A'nchoret. 7 «. y. [contrafled from

A'nchorite. 5 anachoret, S.tux'c^'iTrii.] A

reclufe ; a hermit ; one that retires to-

the more fevere duties of religion.

His poetry indeed he took along with him }.
but he made that an anchorite as well as himfelf.

Sprar..

You defcribe fo well your hermitical ftate of

life, that none of the ancient anchorites could g»

beyond you, for a cave in a rock, with a line

fpring, or any of tlic accommodations that befit a-

folitary life. Pope*

Ancho'vy. n./ [from ancho'va. Span, or

anthioe, Ital. of the fame fignification.J

A little fea-fi(h, much ufed by way o£

fauce, or feafoning. Savary.

We invent new fauces and pickles, wliich re-

femble the animal ferment in tafle an^ virtue^

as the falfr-icid gravies of meat; tiie fait pickles.

of fi/h, anch'jnjicSy oyft-^rs. FUyer*

A'NCIENT. adj. [ancien, Fr. antiquus„

Lat.]

1, Old ; that happened long fince ; of
old time ; not modern. Ancient and old
are diftinguifned.; old relates to the du-
ration of the thing itfclf, as, an o/d coat,
a coat much worn ; and ancient, to time
in general, as, an ancient drefs, a ha-
bit ufed in former times. But this is-
not always obferved, for we mentioa
old cuftoms ; but though old be fome-
tLmes oppofed to modern, ancient is fcl-
dom oppofed to neiu, but when neiu
means modern.

j-ir.ciert tenure is that wliereby all the manours
belonging to the crown, in St. Edward's or Wil-'
liam the Ccnquerour's days, did hold. The num-
ber and names of which manours, as all otliers-
bel 'pging to common perfons, he cufed to her
written in a book, after a furvey made of them,
now remaining in the Exchequer, and called*
Uoomfday Book ; and fuch as by that book ap-
pear? i t» havfr belonged to the crown at that time^
are called anci'tit demrfnes. . Cozvc/U-

2, Old ; that has been of long duration.

\Vic;i the ^ncient is wildom, and 111 length of
days uoderlianrting. Joi, xii. 12.

rinlc^ affitmij that God compiehended alt .
things, and chat God was of all things the molt an^
cult:, bccaufe he n^ver had any beginning. Raleigb».

In-luitry
Gave the call ofiri'M foreit to- Ills aie. Ihovfon^

3, Paft ; former.

1 Ic; thy I'jiy : If I longer flay.
We Ih-ili bejin our antimt bickerings. Sbaie^^
A'ncient,»./ Ifrom ancient, adj.]

i. Thofe

AND

1. Tbofe that lived in old time w£re call-
ed ancJiHtt, oppofed to the moderns.

And though the ancunii thus their rules invade,
At kings difpcnfe with Uw> theoifelTcs have

made ;
Moderns, beware ! or if you muft offend
Againll the precept, ne'er tranlgrefs iu end.

Pipe.

2, Senior : not in ufe.

_ He coucheth it as a fpecial pre-eminence of Ju-
nlas and Andronicus, that in Chriftianity they
wore his aniienti, Hookir.

A'ncient. h. /.

1 . The flag or ftrearaer of a ftiip, and,
formerly, of a regiment.

2. The bearer of a flag, as was Ancient
Pljlel; whence, in prcfentufe, enfign.

This is Othello's aircKnf, as I take it.
The fame indeed, a very valiant fellow. Shakefp,

A'nciently. aJn/. [from ancient. "^ In
old times.

Trebilond aticimtly pertained unto this crown ;
now unjuftly poffrffcd, and as unjuftly abufed, by
tliofe who have neither title to hold it, nor virtue
10 rule it. Sidnry.

The colewort is not an enemy, though that were
anciently received, to the vine only, but to any
other plant, becaufc it drawcth ftrongly the fatteft
juice of the earth. Bacon.

A'ncientness. »./ [from ancient. '\ An-
tiquity ; exiftence from old times.

The Fefcenine and Saturnian were the fame ;
they were called Saturnian from their ancienireji,
when Saturn reigned in Italy. Dryiicn.

A'ncientry. »./. [from ancient.] The
honour of ancient lineage ; the dignity
of birth.

Of all nations under heaven, the Spaniard is
the miift mingled, and moll uncertain. Where-
fore, moll fooli/hly do the Irilh think to ennoble
themfelves, by wrefting their ancientry from the
Spaniard, who is unable to derive himfelf from
any in certain. Sfenf.r en IrelarJ.

There ij nothing in the between, but getting
wenches with child, wronging the ancientry, deal-
ing, fighting. Shakefpeare.

Ancle. See Ankle.

A'nconv. ff. /. [in the iron mills.] A
bloom wrought into the figure of a flat
iron bar, about tliree foot long, with
two fquare rough knobs, one at each
end. Chambers.

And. conjttn^ion.

1. The panicle by which fentcnces or
terms are joined, which it is not e;ify to
explain by any fynonimous word.

Sure his honelly
Got him fmall gains, but (hamclefs flattery
Anii filthy beverage, and unfeemly thrift.
And borrow bafe, and fome good lady's gift.

Spenjer.

What fliall I do to be for ever known.
And make the age to come my own ? Cew/ey.

The Danes unconquer'd offspring march be-
hind;
And Morini, the lafl of human Wnd. Dryden.

It (ball ever be my ftudy to make difcoverics of
this nature in human life, ar.J to fettle the pre-
fer diftinflions between the virtues ard pcrdc-
tions of mankind, and thofe falfe colours and rc-
fembiances of them that Ihine alike in the eyes o;
the vulgar. Addif^n.

2. JnJ fometimes fignifies though, and
feeras a contraftion of anii if

It is the nature of extreme fcli-lovers, as they
will fct an houfe on fire, and it were but to rojil
their eggs. J..„„.

3. f n and if, the and is redundant, and is
omitted by all later writers.

A N E

I pray the«, Launce, an' (/"tljou fccft my boy,
Bid him make hade.

Shikr/jtiare"! Two Gent, tf Venra.
A'ndiron. n./. [fuppofed by Siinner to
be corrupted from hand-iron ; an iron
that may be moved by the hand, or
may fupply the place of a hand.] Iron*
at the end of a fire-grate, in which the
fpit turns ; or irons in which wood is
laid to burn.

Jf you (Irike an endre body, as an atidiron of

brafs, at the top, it maketh a more treble found,

and at the bottom a bafer. Bacon.

An D ro'g Y N A L. adj. [from a»Jif and yv>it.']

Having twofexes; hermaphroditical.
Andro'cynally. ad<v. [from androgy-
»«/.] In the form of hermaphrodites ;
with two fexcs.

The examples hereof have undergone no real
or new tranfexion, but were androgynally bom, and
under fome kind of hermaphrodites.

Broivnt Vulgar Errourt.

And ro'g ynous. adj. The fame with

androgynai.
JNDRO'GrNVS. n.f. [SeeANDROCY-

NAL.] An hermaphrodite; one that

is of both fexes,
Andro'tomy. n.f. [from <i»ij and «>»«.]

The pradice of cutting human bodies.

Dia.
Anecdote, n.f. [«„'«JijT(».]

1. Something yet unpubliftied ; fecret hif-
tory.

Some modern anecdcte: aver,
He nodded in his elbow-chair. Prior.

2. It is novy ufed, after the French, for a
biographical incident ; a minute pal-
fage of private life.

Anemo'graphy. n.f. [aHjti®-and yjaipw.]
The defcription of the winds.

Anemo'meter. n.f. [S»^®. and ^fV^or.]
An inftrument contrived to meafure the
ftrength or velocity of the wind.

JNKMONE. n.f. [u„ti^n.] The wind
flower.

Upon the top of its fingle ftalk, furroundcd by
a leaf, is produced one nalted flower, of many pe-
tals, with many ftjmina in the centre ; the feeds
are culletlcd into an oblong head, and furrounJed
w'th a copious down. The principal colours in
fl».,-ff!«ni.j, arc white, red, blue, and purple, fonie-
ti;iies curioufly intermixed. Miller.

W:nd flowers are dilliny-ifliej into thoic with
bro.ij and hard leaves, and thoi'c with narrow and
fott ones. The broad-lcavt-J anetnory roots fli.-uld
be planted about the end of September. Tlmfe
with fmall leaves mull not be put into 'he ground
till the end of OiStjbcr. Mortimer.

From the foft wing of vernal breexes ihed,
Anemories, auriculas, enrich'd
With ihining meal o'er all their velvet leaves.

Ib.m'h::.

A nemoscope. «./. [an)*i&-ando-xow©-.]
A machine invented to forctel the
changes of the wind. It has been ob-
ferved, that hygrofcopes made of cat's
gut proved very good ansmo/copes, fcl-
dom failing, by the turning the in-
dex about, to foretel the (hifting oi the
wind- /' Chambers.

ANfc'NT. prep. A Word ufed in the Scotch
dialeft.

1 . Concerning ; about ; as, be /aid nothing
aiient this particular.

2. Over againft ; oppofitc to ; as, be lives
auent tbe'murket-hauj'e.

A N G

Akes. } n. f. The fpires or beards of
Awns. 5 corn. DiH.

A'neurism. n.f. [atiK^t,!,.] A difeafe
of the arteries, in wluch, either by a
preternatural weaknefs of any part of
them, they become exceflively dilated ;
or, by a wound through their coats, the
blood is extravafated amongft the ad-
jacent cavities. Sharp.

In the orifice, there was a throbbing of the arte-
rial blood, as in an ancur'.fn. fKiJeman,
Ane'w. adv. [from a and ueiv."]
'• Over again ; another time ; repeatedly.
This is the moft common ufo.

Nor, if at mi fchicf taken, on the ground
Be fliin, but pris'ners to the pillars bound.
At either barrier plac'd j nor, captives made.
Be freed, or, arm'd anew, the fight invade.

Dryden.

That, as m birth, in beauty you excel.
The mufc might diaate, and the poet tell :
Your art no other art can fpeak ; and you.
To (how how well you play, muft play anevi.

Prior.

The miferies of the civil war did, for many
years, deter the inhabitants of our ifland from the
thoughts of engaging anew in fuch defperatc un-
dertakings, Addiftin.

i. Newly ; m a new manner.

He who begins late, is obliged to form aneta the
whole difpofition of his foul, to acquire new habits
of life, to prailife duties to which he is utterly
a ftranger. ^„^,„,

Anfra CTUOSE. J rt^". [from anfraaus,

Anfra'ctuous. J Lat.] Winding; ma-
zy ; full of turnings and winding paf-
fages.

Behind the drum arc fevcral vaults and anfrae-
tucfe cavities in the ear-bone, lb to intend the
leall found imaginable, t!iat the fenfe might be.
affefled with itj as we fee in fubicrraneous caves
and vaults, how the found ii redoubled. Ray.

Akfra'ctuousness. n. /. [from an-
fraauous.] Fullnefs of windings and turn-
ings.

Anfra'cture. n. /. [from anfraBus,
Lat.] A turning ; a mazy winding and
turning. /j/^?.

A'NGEL. n. f. [tcyfiXoe ; angelus, Lat.]

1. Originally a meffenger. A fpirit em-
ployed by God in the adminlliration of
human affairs.

Some holy angrl
Fly ro the court of England, and unfold
His mefTage ere he come. ShaUfpeare.

Had we fuch a knowledge of the cor.tlitutijn of
man, as it is p.ilfible ang-h hive, and it is certain
his Maker hjsj we (hould have a quite other
idea of his elicnce. Licke.

2. Jiigel is fometimes ufed in a bad fenfe;
as, angels of darknefs.

And they had a ki -g over them, which was the
ang^l of the bottom cu pit. Rctidatijni.

3. Angel, in fcripture, fometimes mean*
man of God, prophet.

4. Angd is ufed, in the ftyle of love, for
a beautiful perfon.

Thou haft the fweeteft face I ever look'd on.
Sir, as I have a foul, flic is an ang-.l. Sbakt ;.care,

5. A piece of money anciently coined and
iraprefffd with an angel, in memory of
an obfervation of Pope Gregory, that
the pagan Jngli, or Eaglifh, were fo
beautiful, that, if they Were Chriilians,
they would be Angeli, or augeL. The
coin was rated at ten (hillings.

Take an empty bafea, put an *i^./ gl" g Id, or

A N G

wh«t you will, into it) t!.»n go fo far from the
bafon, till you cannot Ice the eitgri, bt:ca'.;ie it is rot
in a right line j then fill the bafufi with water, and
ycu tviil fee it out of its place, becaufe of the rc-
fieflioo. Biicon.

Shake tlie bags
Of hoard; n^ abbots j theif iirprifon'd angclt
Set thou at liberty. ahatt/f-care.

As'gei.. aJJ. RefeiBbling angels ; ange-
jical.

1 have marked
A thoufand blufliirg appir.t.irs
Start into her face; a thoafand innocent Ihatnes
In crgil vvhiter.eit bearaw^y thole bluthcs.

Or virgins vifired by engel powers.
With golden crowr.s, and w cathes of heav'niy
lU.v rs. ' Popi's Rafe efthi Luk.

A'ncel-hke. adj. [from angel and like. ]
Refembling an angel.

In hew'n itletl th u l\ire wert dreft
With that angit-like dilgjiie. ff^alltr.

A'.NCEL-SHOT. n. /. [perhaps properly
angle- Jl}ot, being tolden together with a
hinge.] Chain-fhot, being a cannon
bullet cut in two, and the halves being
joined together by a chain. D.Sl.

jlKGE'LICA. n,J. [Lat. ab angelica vir-
/u.'t'.] The name of a plant.

Ic iias winged leuvcs divdeJ into large fig-
ments; its fta.ics are hojow and jointed; the
flowers grow in an umbfl u^ion the tops of the
ffallcs, snJ cohfift of five leaves, lucceeJcd by two
large channelled fecis.

The Ipecies arc, x. Common or manured ange-
t'.ca, 2. Greater wild anpl'ica, 3. Shining Ca-
nada angtticii. 4. Mountain perennial argclica,
with columbine leaves. MJIer_

AKGETLICA. n.J. (Berry bearing) [^ra/yai
Lat.]

The flow-er cmfifts of many leaves, expanding
in form of a role, which are naked, growing on
the top of the ovary: thelc Howers are facceeded
by glubular fruits, which are foft and fucculent,
Md full of oblong feeds. Miller.

Ance'lical. adj. \angelicus, Lat.]

1. Refembling angels.

It difcovereth unto us the glorious works of God,
and carricth up, with an angelical fwiftnefs, our
eyes, that our mind, being informed of his vifible
marvels, may continually travel upward. Ralt'igb.

2. Partaking of the nature of angels.

Ot.'icrs more mild.
Retreated in a filent valley, fing
With notes angelical to many a harp
Their own heroick deeds, and haplefs fall
By doom of battle. Milton.

3. Belonging to angels; fuiting the nature
or dignity of angels.

It may be encouragement to confider the pleafure
of fpeculations, which do ravi/h and fublime the
thoughts with more clear angelical contentments.
miHnt, Dadalus.

Amoe'i.icalness. n.f. [from angelical.]
The quality of being angelical ; refcm-
blance of angels ; excellence more than
human.

Ange'lick. a<^'. [angelicus. Lit."] Parta-
king of the nature of angeU; angelical ;
above human.

Here happy creature, fair tngelict Eve,
Partake thou alfo. Milicn.

My tancy f .rm'd thee of angiUck kind.
Some emanati< n o{ th' all-beauteous mind. Pcfe.

A'ncelot. n. f. a mufical inftrument
fomewhat refembling a lute. Did.

A'NGER. n.f. [A word of no certain
etymology, but, with moft probability,
derived by SHmtr from an3e. Sax.

A N G

vtxtdi which, however, feems to come
originally from the Latin ango."]

1. Anger is uneafinefs or difcompofure of
the mind, upon the receipt of any in-'
jury, with a prefent purpofe of revenge.

Lode.
jivgcr is like
A full hot horfe, »'ri being a'.low'd his wiy,
Sclf-mettie tires fci'.ti, Shahjfeare.

Was the Lord ci_ plcafed againft the rivcrsr was
thine anger aga'..;*: the rivers, was rhy wrath a-
gainlt the fea, u:az ii^iu dijft ride upon thine li n;es
and thy c'^ario:^ 0:' fllvation ? Ili^hh. ii.'. 8.

Auger is, acc.-rji;ig to fome, a tranfient hat-ed,
or Hi Icaft vc.-v .k;; it. S'-' tb.

2. Pain, or i'iii.-irt, of a fore or fvvelling.
In this fenlc it feems plainly deducible
from a/!^o>:

I maiii- ihe expefi.ncnt, fetting the moxa where

the tirft violt^nce of n.y pain began, and where :hc

greatei^ anger jnd forcnefs ilill continued, norv.ith-

ftanding the fw -Uing of my t\/i>t. Inr.pte.

To A'nger.. -.'. a. [from the noun.]

1. To make augry ; to provoke ; to enrage.

Who w; aid auger the meaiieft arcil'an, which
carrieth a good mind ? Htcker.

Sometimes he angers me.
With telling nac of the moldwaip and the ant.

Sbakejpeare

There were fome late taxes and imp* fiticvns in-
troduced, which rather angered tiran grieved the
people. Clanudtn.

It flB^^rV.Turenne, once upon a day.
To fee a footman k ck'dthat took his pay. fcfi.

2. To make painful.

He turnech the humours back, and maketh the
wound bleed inwards, and angererb malign ulcers
and pernicious impodhumati'.ns. Bacon.

A'tiCEKLY. adv. [from flsg'fr.] In an an-
gry manner ; like one oiFended : it is
now written angrily.
Why, how now, Hecat ? you look angerly.

Shakejfeare.

Such jellers dilhonell indifcretion, is rather

charitably to be pitied, than their exception ei her

angerly to be grieved at, or (erioufly to be con.uted.

Care^u.

."Vncio'cr APHY. «./. [from iyfjic,. and
yja(pw.] A defcription of veflels in the
human body ; nerves, veins, arteries,
and lymphaticks.

ANCto'LOcy. n. /. [from ayUTov and
^o'yo?.] A treatife or difcourfe of the
veflels of a human body.

Angiomonospe'r Motjs. «<^'. [from ay-
firoF (/.otof, and er'TTt^j/.a.] Such plants
as have but one fingle feed in the feed-
pod.

Angio'tomy. ti. /. [from a-yfiToy, and
Tifitu, to cut.] A cutting open of the vef-
fels, as in the opening of a vein or artery.

A'NGLli. n.f. [angle, Fr. angulus, Lat.]
Thefpace intercepted between t.vo lines
interl'edliiig or meeting, fo as, if conti-
nued, they would interfecl each other.

Angle ''f tbe centre 0/ j circle, is an anv^e whofe
vertex, or .tngular point, is at the centre or a circle,
and whufe Icgj are two iemidiamcters of cha: cir-
cle. Stone's DiH.

A'NGLE. n./. {angel. Germ, and Dutch.]
An inftrument to take fiih, confifting of
a rod, a line, and a hook.

She alio had an angle in her hand; but the taker
was I'u taken, that Ihe had forgotten taking.

Sidney.

Give me thine aw^//, we*II to the river, then".
My mulick playing far off, 1 will betray
Tawny-finn'd filh ; my bending book Ihall pierce
Their fiimy ;avys< Sbekejptare.

A N G

The patient fiflier takes his filent ftand,
Intent, his angle trembling in his hand ;
With io'ks unmov'd, lie hopes the fcaly breed,'
And eyes the dancing cork and bending reed.

Pope,
Tc A'ngle. f. n. [from the noun.]

1. To iifh with a rod and hook.

'1 he ladies angling in the cryftjl lalte,
Fea;t on the waters with the prey they talte.

H^aller.

2. To try to gain by fome infinuatiiig ar-
tifices, as fiihes are caught by a bait.

If he fpake courteoufly, lie angled the people*3
hearts: if he were Clcnt, ha muled upon fome
dangerous plot. Sidney,

By this face,
This feeming brow of jufiicc, did he win
The hear ts of all that he did angle for. Sbahefp.

1'he plcafant'I> angling is to fee the filh
Cut with her golden oars the fiivcr llream,
And greedily devour the treacherous bait;
So angle we for Beatrice. Shahefpeare.

A'ngle-rod. n.f. [fl^ij-f/ rW^, Dutch.]
The ftick to which the line and hook are
hung.

It diftereth much in greatpef? ; the fmalleft being
fit for thatching of boufes ; the fecond bignefs is
ufcd for angle-rods j and, in China, for beating of
offenders upon the thighs. Bacon.

He mak.s a .May-fly to a miracle, and furniftes
the whole country vi\\h angle- rfids. AJdif^n,

A'n g l e r . n.J'. [from angle.] He that 6(hes
with an angle.

He, like a patient angler, ere he ftrook.
Would let them play a while upon the licpk.

Dryden,
Neither do birds alone, but many fi rts of filhes,
feed upon infefls; as is well known to anglers,
who bait their hooks with them. Ray-

A'nglicism. n.f. [from .^«^///j, Lat.] A
form of fpeech peculiar to the Englifh
language ; an EngliOi idiom.

They corrupt their Itile with untutored angli-
eifias. Militin.

A'ngober. n./. A kind of pear.

A'ncour. »._/! [angor, hut.] Pain.

If the patient be lurprifed with a lipctbymoua
angour, and great opprefs about the ftomach, ex-
pect no relief from cordials. Harvey*

A'ti GKihY. ad'v. [horn angry.] Inanaii-
gry manner ; furiourty ; peeviftily.

I will fit as quiet as a bmb ;
I will not fiir, nor wince, nor fpcak a word.
Nor look upon the iron angiily, Shokejpeare*

A'n GRY. adj. [from o.'^fr.]

I. Touched with anger; provoked.

Oh let nut the Lord be angry, and 1 will fpeak:
peradventure there fliall be thirty f >unJ ther".

Gen. xviii. 30,

z. It feems properly to require, when the
objeft of anger is mentioned, the parti-
cle at before a thing, and •wiih before a
perfon ; but this is not ahvay! obicrved.

Your Corinlanus is net ni ich inilTe^i, but with
his friends : the commonwe ilth doth iVind, and fo
wuuld do, where he angry at ir. St akgjfeare*

N.tw therefore be not grieved, nor iJngry nvith
yourlclves, that ye fold nrc hither : toi God did
fend me before you to prcfervc lit'c. Cen. xlv. 5.

I rliink it a vaft pleafure, that whenever t^o
per jjic of merit tegrtrd one another, fo inany
fcound.els envy and are angry at them. SivJ't.

3. Havitig the appearance of anger ; ha-
ving the tiFeft of anger.

'1 He n.nth w nd i iv h away rain : fo doth an
angry couiienancc a backbiting tongue.

Provt XXV. 23,

.\. In chirurgery, painful j inflrtmed j
fmarting.

This

A N G

TT.Ii fcnim, bting accompin'ieJ ■l>y At thinner
fUU of the blood, growj rei ind afii;ry ; and,
wanQng it« due tegrefs into the malt, fitrt gathers
intj a hard fwclling, and, in a /ew days, ripens
into matter, and fo difciiarj^rth. H^i/tnuin,

A'ncuish. a./, [angot^, Fr. angor, Lat.]
Exceffive pain either of mind or body;
applied to tlte mind, it means the pain
of/onozv, and is feldom ufed to fignify
other paiEons.

Not all fo cheerful feemed flie of fi(;lit,
As was her Uucr; whether dread did dweit.
Or arguijb, in her heart, is hard Co tell.

Fairy Sijuen.

V\nMt't^Mt Mignijh, when 'tis feve.al.
By occaflon wak'd, and ci.''cum((an:ial;
True viilue'a f(-ul 's always in all dteds uU. Donne.

They had pcrfecutors, whofe invention was as
.great as tlieir cruelty. Wit and malice confpirea
to find out fuch deaths, and thofe of (uch incredi-
4>le anguifh, that only the manner of dying was the
puniAment, death itfelf the deliverance. Soktb.

Perpetual arguijh fills His aniious bieaft.
Not ftopt by bufinefs, nor compns'd by reft ;
No mufick cheers hiro, nor no feal) can.pleafc.

Drydeiu

AfKGvtsHto.at//. [from angui_^.] Seized
with anguilh ; tortured ; ejcceffively
pained : not in ufe.

Feel no touch
Of confcience, but of fitnc, and be
Anguiftfi, not that 'twas fin, but that 'twas fhe.

Dmnc.
A'ngvlar. adj. [ftflm angle. '\
%. Having angles or corners; cornered.

As for the figure of ciyftal, it is for the moft
part hexagonal, or fix cornered, being built upon
a confufcd matter, from whence, as it were from
a root, angular figures arife, even as in the ame-
thyft and bafaltes. Brcivn's Vulgar Erroun

2. Confiding of an angle.

The diftance of the edges of the knives from one
another, at the dillance of four inches from the
angular point, where the edges of the knives meet,
was the eighth part of an inch. Nenul!,ns Opiicks,
Angula'rity. n.f. [from «»^«/ar.] The
quality of being angular, or having
corners.
A'ngularly. adv . [from angular. ] With
angles or corners.

Another put of the fame folution afforded us

an ice arrgularly figured. Beyle.

A'n oularness. n./. [from angular."] The

quality of being angular.
A'n G u L A T E D. adj. [from angle.] Formed
with angles or corners.

Topazes, amcthyfts, or emeralds, which grow in
the fiflurcs, are ordinarily cryftalliz-d, or ihot into
.angu/ated figures j wb^'reas, in the (hata, th y arc
found in rudcitfmj>s, |jkc yellow, purple, .ind green
pebbles. H^ccJward,

Anoulo'sity. a,/ [ftomangulcuj.] An-
gularity ; oor:iered form. Dafl.
A'n gu LOUS. aJ/. [from angle.] Hooked;
angular.

N ir can it be a difference, that the parts of
folid bidles are held togcrher by hooks, and angu-
lous invol(itior« ; fincc the coherence of the parts
of thefe VI l\ be of as dlfiicult a conception.

Ghr.ville.

A f! c v'iT. aJ/. [aBgu^Ms, Lit.] Narrow;

ftrait.
Ang csta'tion. n./. [fro.Ti angujlus.]
The ail ;)f making narrow; draiteiiing;
the ftate of being narrowed.

The caule may be referred either to the gru-
frouinefs of the blood, or Vj ohAiuCt'vjn >'t the
♦"-.n r)mewhe!e in its paiiage, by fouiC an^uflarhn
Ufoa it b^ j>ait of the tumour> ]ViJemaii.

5

A N I

Anhela'tion. »./. [anljslo, Lat.] The

aft of panting ; the ftate of being out

of breath.
Anhelo'se. adj. [anhelus, Liit.] Out of

breath ; panting ; labouring of being

cut of breath. -O/V?.

Ame'nted. adj. [aneantir, Fr.] Frul-

trated ; brought to nothing.
An i'g h t s. adi). [from a for at, and night.]

In the night time.
Sir Toby, you muft come in earlier uni^iri; my

lady takes great exceptions at your ill hours.

Stake/feare.

A'nil. n./. The (hrub from whofe leaves

and ftalks indigo is prepared.
Ani'leness. In./, [ani/itas, Lat.] The
Ani'lity. 5 '^^^^ ^^ being an old

woman ; the old age of women.
A' n J MAOhE. adj. [from a«/»/a/^.] That

which may be put into life, or receive

animation. DiS.

Ani madve'rsion. n. /. [ammad'vei^o,

Lat.]

1. Reproof; fevere cenfure ; blame.

He difmifled their coramiliioners with fevere and
iharp aritnadverjions. Clarendttn.

2. Punifhment. When the objeft of ««;'-
madverjion is mentioned, it has the par-
ticle on or upon before it.

When a bill is debating in parliament,!! is ufual
to have the controverfy handled by pamphlets on
both fiJeij without the Icaft ammadverfiM upon the
autl'ors. S-wi/t.

3. In law.

An ecclcfiaftica! cenfure, and an ecclefiaftical
animad^uerjion, are different things; for a cenfure
has a rcl.ition to a fpiritual punilhmcnt, but an
animad-verjlfjn has only a refpedt to a temporal one ;
as, degradation, and the delivering the perfon over
to the fccular court. Ayliffe'i Parergon.

4. Perception ; power of notice : not in ufe.

The foul is the folc percipient which hath am-
madvtrjhn and fenfe, properly fo called. Glanvtlle.
Anim adve'rsive. adj. [from animad-
•vert.] That has the power of perceiv-
ing ; percipient : not in ufe.

The ref refcntation of objcfts to the foul, the
only antmadvirjive principle, is conveyed by mo-
tions made on the immediate organs of fenfe.

Glanvilk.

Ani M adve'rsiveness. n.f. [froma«/>»-

adverJi-Je.] The power of animadverting,

or making judgment. Did.

To ANIMADVE'RT. -J.n. {animadwrto,

Lat.]

1, To pafs cenfures upon.

I fh'juld not animad-vert on him, who was a pain-
ful obfcrvcr of the decorum nf the ftage, if he
had n-it ufed extreme fevcrity in his judgment of
the incomparable Shakefpcare. Dryden.

2. 'I'oinflift punilliment5. In both fenfcs
with the particle u/>on.

If the Author of the univerfe animadverts vf on
men heie below, how much more will it become
him to do it upon their entrance into a higher date
of being? Griiu

Ani MA dve'rtbr.o./ [fvora auimad'vert.]
He that palTcs cenfures, or inflifts pu-
nidiments.

Cod is a ftridobferver of, and a fevere animad-
verter uport, fuch as prffumc to partake of thf>l>
myi^erii's, vvithout fuch a prepaiation. South.

A'NIMAL. n.f. [animal, Lat.]_

I. A living creature corpsjj-eal, diHinft, on

the one fide, from pure fpirit ; on the

other, from mere matter.

A N I

Animals are fuch beings, which, befides
the power of growing, and producing
their like, as plants and vegetables have,
are endowed alfo with fenfation and fpon-
taneous motion. Mr. Ray gives two
fchemcs of tables of them.

Animals are either
'Sanguineous, that is, lucb aa hare blood, which
breathe either by
pLungs, having cither

f Two ventricles in their heart, and thofe
cither

<<

r Viviparous,

) C Aquatick, as the whale kind,
I ^ Terrcllria), as quadrupeds;
{_ Oviparous, as birds.

But one ventricle in the heart, as frogs, tor"
toifcs, and ferpents.
Gills, as all fanguineous fiHies, except ths
l_ whale k'nd.
Exfan;uineous, or without blood, which may bs

divided into
"Greater, and thofe either

! Naked,
\ Terrellrial, as naked fnaits.
? Aqiiatick, as the poulp, cuttle-fi/h, &c.
Covered wi.th a tegument, cither

fCrudaceous, as lobfters and crab-fifh.
Teft.iceous, either
r Univalve, as limpets ;
< Bivalve, asoyfleis,mufcIes, cockles;
( Turbinate, a^pcriwinkles, fnails, &c.
__l.efier, as infers of a.i forts.
Vivipa'ous haiiy arim.t's, or quadrupeds, are either
"Hoofed, which are eitlier
f Wliolc-footeJ or hoofed, as the horfe and afs ;
I Cloven-footed, having the hoof" divided into
[*Twi) principal parts, called bil'ulca, either
r Such as chew not the cud, as fwine;
^ Ruminant, or fuch at chew the cud ; di-
l_ vidcd into
Such as have perpetual and hollow horns.
r Beef-kind,
^ Sheep-kind,
t Goat-kiiid.

Such as have lolid, branched, and deciduous
horns, as the deer-kind.
Four part , or quadriluica, as the rhinoceros
j 1^ and hippopotamus.
(^Clawed or digitate, having the foot divided into
f Two-paris or toes, having two nails, as the
< camel-kind ;
(_ Many^es or claws ; either
C Un(^:"!ed, as the elephant ;

1 Divided, which have either

J Broad nails, and an human (hape, as apes;

2 Narrower, and more pointed nails,
which, in rcf()e6l ofthcir teeth, are divided into fuch

as have

Many foreteeth, or cutters, in each jaw ;
■ The greater, which have V

and rounder head, as the

<

r A Ihortcr fnout :

i cat-kind ;

t A longer fnout ai

and head, as the dog-kind.
.The lelfcr, the vermin orweaici-kind.

Oiily two large iind rcrna,kjble fKet:cih, all
which are ph;. tivorous, and are called the hare-
kind. Kay.

Vegetables are proper enough to repair an'^ma/i,
aa being near of the fame fpec-fick graviry with
the animal juices, and as confi.ling of the Umc
paits with animal fubl>anccs> fpirit, water, fait,
oil, earth ; all which are contained in the fap
they der'vt^ from the earth. ylrOuthnot on j^'hncnts.

Sonic of the animated lut.Jt.inces have various
organical or inftrumenial parts, fitted "for a v:i~
riety of motions from place to place, and a fpring
of life within themfclvcs, as bcafVs, birds, fifhcs,
and iniefts ; thefe are called animals. Other ani-
mated I'ublVances aie called vegetables, wliich have
vvithin themfclvcs the principles of anotlier fort
of life and gro.vth, and of various produiJtions of
leaves and fruit, fuch as we lee in plants, herbs,
and trees. fVatu's JLogici.

z. B,,

A N I

2. By way of contempt, we fay of a ftupid
man, tir.t he is zjlupid animal.

A'nimal. adj. [afi/ma/ij, Lat.]
I . That which belongs or relates to ani-
mals.

There are thing* in the world of Tpirits, where-
in our ideas are very dark and confufed ; fuch as
their union with animal naOkn, the way of their
ailing ou material beings, and their converfewith
each cither. JVatti's Logkk.

1. Animal fundlions, diftinguiihed from
natural and 'vital, are the lower powers
of the mind, as the will, memory, and
imagination.

J. Animal life is oppofed, on one fide,
to intelleBual, and, on the other, to ve-
getable.

4. Animal is ufed in oppofuion 10 fpiritual
or rational; as, the animal nature.

Anima'lcule. n.f. \animalculum, Lat.]
A fmall animal ; particularly thofe which
are in their firft and fmal'cft ftatc.

We are to know, that they all come cf the feed
of «m»ifl.W« of their own land, that were before
laid there. Raj.

Anima'lity. n.f. [from ««/'»»«/.] The
ftate of animal exiftence.

The word animal firft only fignifies human an'i-
waiily. In tlie minor propofition, the word ani-
mal, for the fame reafon, fignifiea the animaliiy of
a goofe : thereby it becomes an ambiguous term,
and unfit to build the conclufion upon. H^attt.

reA'NIMATE. -v. a. [animo, Lat.]

I» To quicken ; to make alive; to give

life to : as, the foul animates the body ;

man mull have been animated by a

higher power.
c. To give powers to; to heighten the

^Jowers or effedl of any thing.

But none, ah ! none can animate the lyre,
And the mute ftrings with vocal fouls infpire :
Whether the learn'd Minena be her theme.
Or chafte Diana bathing in the ftream ;
None can record their hcav'niy praile (o well
AsHclen,in wbofe eyes ten thoufaod Cupids dwell.

Drydfn.

3. To encourage; to incite.

The more to aeimart the people, he flood on
high, from whence he might be btft heard, and
cried unto them with a loud »oice. KnclUs.

He was avimaiiJ to eipeft the papacy, by the
prediflion of a foothfaycr, that one fliould fac-
eted Pope Leo, whofc name fliould be Adrian.

Bacon.

A'n I m a t e . aJj. [from To animate.'^ Alive ;
polTefling animal life.

All bodies have fpirits and pneumatical parts
within them ; but the main differences between
animate and inanimate, are two : the firft ip, that
thefpirits o(i\:i\n%sammatttre ill contained within
themfelvci, and are branched in veins and fecret
canals, as blood is ; and, in living creatures, the
fpirits have not only branches, but certain tells or
feats, where the principal fpirits do refide, and
whereunto the reft do refort : but the fpirits in
things inanimate are (hut in, and cut off by the
tangible parts, and are not pervious one to ano-
ther, as air is in fnow. Baun,

Nobler birth
Of creJtures animaa with gradual Hfe,
Of growth, fenfe, reafoo, all fammM up in man.

There are fcveral topicks ofcd againft athcifm
and idolatry ; fuch as the vifible marics of divine
wifdom and goodrefs in the works of the creation,
the vital union of fouls with matter, and the ad-
mitrabte ftrufiure ai animate boaies. BeniUy,

A'n r MAT ED. participial adj. [from ani-
mau.] Lively j vigorous.
Vol. L

A N K

Warr!our« Cic fires with animated founds;

Pours balm into the bleeding lovei's wounds. Prfe.
A'ni MATE NESS. n.J'. [from animate.'^

The Hate of being animated. Di^.

Anima'tioi^. n.f. [hom animate.'\

1. The aft of animating or enlivening.

Plants or vegetables are the principal part cf the
third day's work. They are the iirft froiucai,
w^hich is the word of animaticn. Bacon.

2. The ftate of being enlivened.

Two general motions in all animalion are its
beginning and encreafe ; and two more to run
through its ftate and declination.

Briywnt fu/^ar Erraun.
A'kim AT ivt. ad/, [from animate.] That
which has the power of giving life, or
animating.
Anima'tor. n.f. [from animate."] That
which gives life ; or any thing analo-
gous to lift, as motion.

Thofe bodies being of a congenerous nature, do
readily receive tlieimpreffions of their motor, and,
if not fettered by their gravity, conform themfelvcs
to iituations, wherein they beft unite to their ani-
mator. Bmun.

Animo'se. adj. [animefut, Lat. J Full
offpirit; hot; vehement. Z>/V?.

Animo'seness. n.f. [fiotaoHimofe.] Spi-
rit ; heat ; vehemence of temper. Di£t.
Animo'sity. it.f. [animefitaj, La.t.] Ve-
hemence of hatred ; paflionate malig-
nity. It implies rather a difpofition to
break out into outrages, than the out-
rage itfelf.

They were fure to bring paftion, ammofity, and
malice enough of their own, what evidence foever
they had from others. Ctarendcn.

If there is not fome method found out for al-
laying thefe heats and animofitiei among the fair
fcx, one does not know to what outrages they may
proceed. _ _ MJifm.

No religious feiS ever carried their averfions for
each other to greater heights than our ftate par-
ties have done 5 who, the more to inflame their
paflions, have mixed religious and civil amincjiiin
together ; borrowing one of their appellations from
the church. Swift.

A'nise. n.f. [anifum, Lat.] A /pecies of
apium orpardey, with large fweet-fcent-
ed feeds. This plant is not worth pro-
pagating in England for ufe, bccanfe
the feeds can be had much better and
cheaper from Italy. Miller.

Ve pay the tythe of mint, and anife, and cum-
min, an J have omitted the weightier matters of the
law, judgment, mercy, and faith : thtfc ought ye
to have done, and not to leave tlie otlier undone.
Matt, xxiil. 23.

A'nker. n.f. [aneier, Dutch.] A liquid
meafure chiefly ufed at Amftcrdam. It
is the fourth part of the awm, and con-
tains two ftekans : each ftekan confifts
of fixteen mengles ; the mengic being
equal to two of our wine quarts.

Ci>amiert.

A'nkle. ». f. [ancleop, Saxon ; anckel,
Dutch.] The joint which joins the foot
to the leg.

One of liis anHes was much fwrlled anl ulce-
rated on the infide, in feveral places. Wijtman,

My fimple fyilem fnall fuppofe,
That Alma enters at the toes ;
That then fhc mounts by juft aegrees
Up to the anUti, l-.g,, and knees. Fritr,

A'n k l e-bo n e . n.f. [from ankle and Lone.]
The bone of the ankle.

The ftiin-bone, trom the knee to the rnftep, is
made by fljadjv/ing one half of the leg with t fin-

ANN"

gle (hal.-iw; t^sanik-h tievivX (hcw!tfe!f by a flia«
dow given tinierncadi, a^ tii<; knee, Viachun.*

A' N N A L I s r . n.f. [ from annals . ] A wri ler
of annals.

Their own annalift has given the fam^ t'tle t:i
that f .^yrm/ww. Atterhury,

A'NNALS. n.f. tvithout fingular num-
ber. {annaks,'L'iX.'\ HiHories digelled i«
the exadt order of time ; narratives in
which every event is recorded under its
proper year.

Could you with patience hear, or I relate,
O nymph ! the tedious anr,ah of our f.ue ;
Through fuch a train of woes if I ihould run.
The day would fooner than the talc be done !

f)ry^.'ff.

We are aftured, by many glorious examples in the

<»7m/j of our religion, that every one, in the like

circumftances of diftrefs, will not aft and argue

thus ; but thus will every one be tempted to aft.

R^gert,
A'wNATS.B.y; ivithoutfingular. [annates ^
Lat.]

1. Firft fruits ; becaufe the rate of £r(l
fruits paid of fpiritual livings, is after
one year's profit. Coiuell.

2. Malles faid in the Romifh church for
the fpace of a year, <Jr for any pther
time, either for the foul of a perlbn de-
ceafed, or for the benefit of a perfon
living. Ayliffe's Parergcn.

To Anne'al.'v. a. [aelan, to heat, Saxon.]

1. To heat glafs, tftat the colours laid oa
it may be fixed.

But when thou doft atmeal in glafs thy ftory,

^-^— — — then the light and glory
More rev'rend grows, and more doth win,
Which elfe ihcws wat'rifli, bleak, and thin.

Heriert.

When you purpofe to anneal, take a plate of iron
made fit for the oven ; or take a blue ftone, which
being made fit for the oven, lay it upon the crofi
bars of iron. Peacham>

Which her own inward fymmetry reveal'd.
And like a pifture /hone, in glafs anneal^ J. Dryd*

2. To heat glafs after it is blown, that it
may not break.

3. To heat any thing in fuch a manner as
to give it the true temper.

To ANNE'X. 'V. a. [anneilo, annexum, Lat.
annexer, Fr.]

1. To unite to at the end ; as, he annexed
a codicil to his will.

2. To unite, as a fmaller thing to a
greater ; as, he annexed a province to
his kingdom.

3. To ■aviw.e. a pofieriori ; annexion always
prefuppofing fomething : thus we may
fay, puniihment is annexed to guilt,
but not guilt to puniftiment.

Concerning fate or dcftiny, the opinions of
thofe learned men, that have written thereof^
may be fafely received, h.^ri they not tlieieunta
anntxcd and laftened an if .itable necellity, and
made it more general an univsrfally powerful
than it is. Raleiifi.

Nations will decline fo low
From virtue, which is reaf>n, that no wrong.
But juftice, and feme fatal <urfe anntaCd,
Deprives them ot their outward liberty. Mllrtiu

1 me^n not the authi^rity, which is amtt-xeit to
your ofHce ; 1 fpeak of that only which is inborn
and inherent to your perlbn. DrycUn*

He cannot but love virtue whf^rcvor it is, aoji
annex happinefs always to theexercife of it.

jStttrhury.

The temporal reward Is anntxcJ tj the bare

perfirmanc; of the aftioi\, but the eternal to the

obcdicncf^. Rogers.

M ANKfi'x.

ANN

Ann e'x. «./. [from To annex."] The thing
annexed ; additament.

FiUing !n his firft attempt to be but like the
hiijhell in heaven, he hath obtained of men to be
the fame on earth, and hath accordingly aflTumcd
the anntxit of divinity. Brnvn.

Ankexa'tion. »./. [(torn annex. "l

t. Conjunflion ; addition.

If we can return to that charity and peaceable
mindednefj, wliich Chrift fo vehemently recom-
mends to us, we have his own promife, that the
whole body will be full of light, Matlb. vi. that
all other chriftian virtues will, ty way of conco-
mitance or annexatkn, attend them. Hamtncnd.

Z. Union ; aft or praftice of adding or
uniting.

How annixatUm of benefices firft came into
the church, whether by the prince's authority, or
the pope's licence, is a very great difpute.

Ayhffet Parcrgon.

Akne'xion. n. f. [from annex,] The aft
of annexing ; addition.

It is ncceflary to engage the fears of men, by
the ar.nexku of luch penalties as will overbalance
temporal pleafure. Rogers.

Anne'xment. »./. [froia annex,"]

1. The aft of annexing.

2. The thing annexed.

When it falls,
Each fmall anr.exmcni, petty confequence,
Attends the boift'rous ruin. Shakcfpcare.

Anni'hilaBLE. adj. [^tom annihilate.]

That which may be reduced to nothing ;

that which may be put out of exiftence.
To ANNI'HILATE. -v. a. [ad and nihi-

lum, Lat.]
I. To reduce to nothing ; to put out of

exiftence.

It is impoffible for any body to be utterly an-
mhilaud\ but that, as it was the work of the
omnipotency of God to make fomewhat of no-
thing, fo it requireth the like omnipotency to
turn fomewhat into nothing. Bacon,

Thou taught'ft me, by making me
Love her, who doth neglecl both me and thee,
T' invent and praflife this one way c'anribilaie ail
three. Doinc.

He defpaired of Ccd's mercy ; he, by a de-
collation fcf all hope, ann'ihllaud his mercy.

Bro-zvns Vulgar Errours.
Whofc fricndfliip can ftand agaiuft afl'aults,
ftrong enough to annihilate the fricndfliip of puny
lainds ; fuch an one has reached true conflancy.

South.

Some imagined, water fufficient to a deluge

was created, and, when the bufinefs was done,

diibanded and annihilattj. Woodward.

2. To deftroy, (o as to make the thing
otherwife than it was.

The flood hatli altered, deformed, or rather
annihihtcd, this place, fo as no man can find any
mark or memory thereof. Raltigh.

3. To annul ; to deftroy the agency of
any thing.

There is no reafon, that any one commonwealth
fliould annihilate that whereupon the whoie world
has agreed. Hooker.

Annihila'tion. n.f. [iroia annihilate.]
The aft of reducing to nothing. The
ftate of being reduced to nothing.

God hath his influence into the very cflence of
things, without which their utter annihilation
could not choofe but follow. Hooker,

That knowledge, which as fplrits we obtain,
Is to be valued in the midft of pain :
AnKibilaiion were to lofc heav'n more t
We are not quite cxil'd, where thought can foar.

Drydcn.

AMNivE'RJARy. »./[«««/'w^»/«r;«j, Lat.]

ANN

1. A day celebrated as it returns in the
courfe of the year.

For encouragement to follow the example of
martyrs, the primitive chriftians met at the places
of their martyrdom, to praifc God for them, and
to obferve the anniverfar/ of their fufterings.

Siillingfeet.

2. The aft of celebration, or performance,
in honour of the anniverfary day.

Donne had never feen Mrs. Drury, whom he
has made immortal in his admirable anniverfariei,

Drydcn,

3. Anniverfary is an ofKce in the Romifh
church, celebrated now only once a year,
but which ought to be faid daily through
the year, for the foul of the deceafed.

Ayliffe's Farergon.
AtiKivt'tLSAitY.aJJ.[anni-ver/arius,L&t.]
Returning with the revolution of the
year ; annul! ; yearly.

The heaven whirled about with admirable ce-
lerity, moft conllantly finlfliing its annimrfary
viciflitudes. Ray.

They dcrfy giving any worfliip to a creature,
as inconfiftent with chriftianity; but confefs the
honour and efteem for the martyrs, which they
expvefTcd by keeping their anniverfary days, and
recommending their example. StiUin^Jlcet,

jfNNO DOMINI. [Lat.] In the year of
our Lord ; as, anno domini, or A, D.
1751 ; that is, in the feventeen hun-
dred and fifty-firft year from the birth
of our Saviour.

Akno'isance. «./. [from aawoy, but not
now in ufe.]

It hath a double fignification. Any hurt done
either to a publick place, as highway, bridge, or
common river j or to a private, by laying any
thing that may breed infection, by encroaching,
or fuch like means. The writ that is brought
upon this tranfgreflion. See Nuisance, the
word now ufed. Blount.

A'NNOLIS. n.f. An American animal,
like a lizard.

Annota'tion. n. f. [annota/io, Lat.]
Explications or remarks written upon
books ; notes.

It might appear very improper to publifh anno-
tations, without the text itfelf whereunto they re-
late. Boyle.

Annota'tor. n.f. [Lat.] A writer of
notes, or annotations ; a fcholiaft ; a
commentator.

I have not that refpeft foil the annotators, which
they generally meet wit!i in the v/orld.

Felion on the Clajfttks.

To Anno'unce. 'V. a, [annondr, Fr. an-
nuncio, Lat.]

1 . To publifli ; to proclaim.

Of the Mefliah 1 have heard foretold
By all the prophets ; of thy birth at length
Atmcunc'd by Gabriel with the firft 1 knew. Mill,

2. To pronounce ; to declare by a judi-
cial fentence.

Thole, mighty Jove, mean time, thy glorious
care,
Who model nations, publilh laws, announce
Or life or death. Prior.

To ANNO'y. -v. a. [annoyer, Fr.] To in-
commode ; to vex ; to teaze ; to moleft.

Woe to poor man ; each outvyard thing annoys
him ;
He heaps in inward grief, that moft deftroys him.

Sidney,
Her joyous prefcnce and fweet company
In full content he there did long enjoy ;

Ne wicked envy, nor vile jealoufy.
His dear delights were able to ennoy. Fairy S^etn,

ANN

As one who long in populous city pent.
Where houfes thick, and fcwers, anncy the alri
Forth ifluing on a fummer's morn to breathe
Among the pleafant villages, and farms
Adjoin'd, from each thing met conceives delight.

MJton,

InfcAs fcldom ufe their offcnfive weapons, un-

lefs provoked : let them but alone, and anmy them

not. . R'y-

Anno'y. n.f, [from the verb.] Injury;

moleftation ; trouble.

Sleep, Richmond, fieep in peace, and wake in

joy;

Good angels guard thee from the boar's anny,

Sbekefftare,
All pain and joy is in their way ;
The things we fear bring lefa aisnoj
Than fear, and hope brings greater joy;

But in themfelvcs they cannot (lay. Dome,

What then remains, but, after paft annoy,

To take the good viciditude of joy r

DryJen.

Anno'yakce. n,f. [from annoy.]

1 . That which annoys ; that which hurts.

A grain, a duft, a gnat, a wand'ring hair,
Any annoyance in th.it precious fenfc. Shaktjf.

Crows, ravers, rooks, and magpies, are great
annoyances to corn. _ Mortimer,

2. The ftate of being annoyed ; 'or a^t of
annoying.

The fpit venom of their poifoned hearts brcak-
eth out to the annoyance of others. Hotker.

The greateft annoyance and difturbance of man-
k'nd has been from one of thofo two things, force
or fraud. South,

For the further annoyance and terrour of any
befieged place, they would throw into it dead
bodies. Pf^ilkins,

Anno'yer. n, f, [homTo annoy.] The

perfon that annoys.
A'nnual. adj. [annuel, Fr. ftom annus,

Lat.]

1 . That which comes yearly.

Annual for me the grape, the rofe, renew
The juice neGareous, and the balmy dew. Pofit,

2. That which is reckoned by the year.

The king's majefty
Does purpofe honour to you; to which
A thoufand pounds a-year, annual fup'port.
Out cf his grace he aJds. Stakfff. Henry VIII.

3. That which lafts only a year.

The dying in the winter of tlie roots of plants
that are annual, fecmeth to be caufed by the
over-expence of the lap ; which being prevented,
they will fuperannuate, if they ftand warm. Bacon.

Every tree may, in fome fenfe, be faid to be
an annual plant, both leaf, flower, and fruit
proceeding from the coat that was fuperinduced
over the wood the laft year. Ray,

A'nnually. Wv. [from fla«B«/.] Year-
ly ; every year.

By two drachms, they thought it fufficient to
fignify a heart ; becaufe the heart at one year
welgheth two drachms, that is, a quarter of an
ounce ; and, unto fifty years, annually encrealcth
the weight of one drachm.

Bro'wn's Vulvar Errcurs,
The whole ftrength of a nation is the utmoft
that a prince can raife annually from his fubje^s.

Su-ifi.
Annu'itant. n.f, [from annuity.] He

that poffcfles or receives an annuity.
ANNUITY, n.f [annuiti, Fr.]
I. A yearly rent to be paid for term' of
life or years. The dift'erences bet\veen
a rent and an annuity are, that every
rent is going out of land ; but an an-
nuity charges only the granter, or his
heirs, that have affets by defcent. The
fecond' llifterence is, that, for the re-
.coverys of an annuity, no aftion lies,
_, but only jJis writ of annuily againft the
\ granter.

A N O

A N O

A N O

granter, his heirs, or fucceflbrs ; but of
a rent, the fame adlions lie as do of land.
The third difference is, that an annuity
is never taken for affets, becaufe it is
no freehold in law ; nor ftiall be put in
execution upon a ftatute merchant, fta-
tute ilaple, or elegit, is a rent may.

Cotujell.
2. A yearly allowance.

He was generally knmvn to be the fon of one

esri, and brother to anotlier, who fup^-'ljed his ex-

pcnce, beyond what his amtu'rty from his father

would bear. Clarcritt^n,

?"<; An n u't. -v. a. [from nullas.']

1 . 'I'o make void ; to nullify j to abro-
gate ; to abolifh.

TJiat which gives force to the law, is the autho-
rity that cnadh it i and whoever deftroys this
f authorit)', decs, in eficdt, atitiui the law. R^g^n,

2. To reduce to nothing ; to obliterate.

L^ght, -the i^ure work, ot Qod, to me 's extinCV,
And ail her various objects of delight
jirniujl'ti, which might in part iny grief have eas'd.

Mi/ion.

A'.N N UL A R. adj. [from annulus, Lat.] In

the form of a ring.

That they might not, in bending the arm or

' le^, rife up, he has tied them to the bones by a*:-

Kular ligaments. Chryne,

A'sNULARY, aJJ, [from annulus, Lat.]
In the form of rings.

Bicaufc. continual refpiration is neceflary, the
wind-pipe is made with anaaUry cartilages, that
the fides of it may not flag a.^d fall together. Ray.

A'nnulet. n.f. [^(toox anttului, Lat.]

1. A little ring.

2. [In heraldry.] .\ difference or mark
of diilindlion, which the fifth brother of
any family ought to bear in his coat of
arms.

3. Annulets are alfo a part of the coat-
armour of feveral families ; they were
anciently reputed a mark of nobility
and jurifdiflion, it being the cuftom of
prelates to receive their invelliture per
haculum IS annulum.

4. [In architedure.] The fmali fquare
members, in the Dorick capital, under
the quarter round, are called, aimuhts.

5. Annulet is aHo ufcd for a narrow flat
moulding common to other parts of the
column ; fo called, becaufe it encom-
paffes the column round. Chambers.

Tn ANNU'MKRATE. v. a. [annumfra,
Lat.] To add to a former number ; to
unite to fomething before mentioned.

Ajjnvmer a'tion. ». f. [anni:>'!eratio,
Laj.] Addition to a former number.

To ANNU'NCIATE. -j. a. [annuncio,
Lat ] To bring tidings ; to relate
fomething that has fallen out : a word
not in popular ufe,

Ansunci a'tion day. n.f. [from an-
nunciate.'] The day celebrated by the
church, in memory of the angel's falu-
tation of the bleffed Virgin ; folemnized
with us on the twenty-fifth of March.

I'rin thr day of the Mnrjunciaikrtf or L.idy-
I'.iv, i.'.-Tciiiatc on the incarnation of our blcflcd
J> .\.v .: : and fo upon all the feitivats of the year.

TayUr,

.Vnodvne. adj, [from « andliim.] That
which has the power of mitigating pain.

Yet durft {h't not too deeply probe the wound,
At Itoptog ftiU die ncbler pant were found :

But drove with anodynes t' alTtiage the fmwt,
And mildly thus her med'cine did impart. D'yJ.
A'joiiyms^ or abaters o( pi.n (jf tiie alimentary
kind, are fucli things as relax the tenfion of the
alTeited nervous 6bres, as decoctions of cmol-
lient fubftances j. thofe tilings wl^ich dciiroy the
particular acrimony which occafions tlie pain \
or what deadens the fenfation of the brain, by
procuring fleep. Arhathml.

To- ANO'INT. -v. a. [oinJre, enoindre,
part, oint, enoint, Fr.]

1. To rub over with uncluous matter, as
oil, or unguents.

An7\nU'd let me be with deadly venom. Sbaktfft.

Thou (halt hive oliv. *ieos throughout all thy
coafts, but thou ihalt not arroint thyl'eif with the
oil : for thine olive ihall cail his fru^t.

Dai:. xxvIiS 40.

2. To fmear ; to be rubbed upon.

Warm waters then, in brazen caldrons borne.
Are poui'd to walh his body, joint by joint.
And fragrant oils the ftiSiin'd limbs ansiiit.'

Drydin.

3. To confecrate by unftion.

I w iuld r.vc fee thy filler
In his axohted fl^'/h ftick biariih fangs. Shultjp.

Ano'inter. n.f. [from ansint.] The
perfon that anoints.

Ano'malis.vi. n./. [from anomaly."] Ano-
maly ; irregularity ; deviation from the
cominon rule. Di<3.

AnOmali'stical. ad/, [from anomaly.]
Irregular ; applied in alb-onomy to the
year, taken lor the time in which the
earth paffeth through its orbit, dillinft
from the tropical year.

Ano'malous. adj. [ccpri'v. and iftaX©-.]
Irregular ; out of rule ; deviating from
the general methotfor analogy of things.
It is applied, in grammar, to words
deviating from the common rules of
inflexion ; and, in ailronomy, to the
feemingly irregular motions of the pla-
nets.

There will arife mtmalous didurbances not only
in civil and artificial, but alfo in military officers.
Bmvti^t fulgar Erroun.
He being acquainted with fomc chiraders of
every fpeech, you may at plcafure make him un-
derhand onomahui pronunciation. Holder,
Metals arc gold, filvcr, copper, tin, 1e.id, and
iron ! to which we may join that ammahus body,
quickfilvcr or mercury. Lccks.
Ano'malouslv. ad-v. [from anomalous.]
Irregularly ; in a manner contrary to
rule.

Eve was not folemnly begotten, but fuddenly
fra.Tied, and ancmaUuJJy proceeded from Adam.

Bryivns Vulgar Errcurs.']
ANO'MALY. »./.• [anomalie, Fr. anoma-
lia, Lat. a»47^aX(5>-.] Irregularity ; de-
viation from the common rule.

If we Ihould tiiance to find a mother debauch-
ing her daughter, as fuch monili-rs have been
fccn, we muft charge this upon a peculiar aronialy
and bafcncli of nature. South.

1 do not purfue the many pfeudographies in
ufe, but intend to jhcw how moft of thcfc aft^-
matiei in writing might be avoided, and better
fupplied. Holder.

A'nomy. n.f. [afriv. andvofi®-.] Breach
of law.

If fin be good, and juft, and lawful, it is no
more evil, it is no fin, no anomy.

Bramhall a^i'wji Hchhti.

Ano'n. adv. [Junius imagines it to be an
elliptical form of fpeaking for /// one,
that is, in one minttte ; Skinner from a
and ncan, or near ; Minjheiv from en on.]

4

I. Quickly ; foon ; in a Ihcrt time.

A little fnow, tumbled about,
At:in becomes a mountain. Shakefpeare,

Will they came abroad anon?
Shall we fee young Obcr..ii .' Ben j'cn/tn.

However, witncfs, Hcav'n \
Heay'n, witnefs thou amn ! while we difcharge
Freely rur part. Milton.

He was not without defign at that prelent, 2^
(hall be made outitnon; meaning by that device
to withdraw himfelf. ClareiKlcn,

Still as I did the leaves infpire,
Witli fuch a purple light they (hone.

As if they had been made of fire, ,
And fpre.iding Co, would llamc an^n.
z. Sometimes ; now and then ;
times. In this fenfc is uled
anon,, for now and then.

Full forty days he pafs'd, whether on hill
Sometimes, anon m Ihady vale, each n'ght.
Or harbourM in-one cave, is notreveal'd. Milton*
Ano'n YMOus. adj. [x friv. and o»o^a.j
Wanting a name.

'I'hefe animalcules ferve alfo for food to another

amryni^us infedt oi the waters. Rfiy*

I'hey would forthwith publiili flanders unpu-

nifhed, the authors being atwrymcuS) the inime-

diate publilhers thereof fculking.

Notes en ike Dunctad.
Ano'n YMOUS LY. adv. [from anonymous.^
Without a name.

1 would know, wiicther the edition is to come
outamiyntoujiy, among complaints of fpurious edi-
tions. Sivift,

A'norexy. n.f. [«jo;r;f(a.] Inappetcncy,

Waller.

at other
e-ver and

9.

uincy.

or loatlung of food.
Ano'ther. adj. [from «« and o//at.]
1. Not the fame.

He that iviU n.)t lay a foundation for perpetual
difordcr, muft of ncccllity find ancficr rile of go-
v.-rnment than that. Locke.

2i One more ; a new addition to tlie
former number.

A fourth ?

What ! will the line ftretch out to th' crack of

doom ?
Another yet ?— a feventh ! I'll fee no more.

Shakeffeare.

3. Any other ; any one elfe.

If one, man iin againlt anotbcry the judge lliall
judge him. I Han-.uiltn. 25.

Why not of her ? prcferrM above the reft
By him with knightly deeds, and open love pro-

fefs'd;
So had amtber been, where he his vows addrcfs'd.

Dryden.

4. Not one's felf.

A man {hall have diffufed his life, his felf,
and his v.hole concernments fo far, that he can
weep his forrows with another's eyes ; when he
has another heart befiJes his own, both to /liare,
and t) fupport his grief. South.

5. Widely different ; much altered. 1

When the foul is beaten from its ftation, and
the mounds of virtue arc broken down, it Jje-
comes quite another thing from what it was be.
fore. South

Ano'thbroaines. art)'. [See Another -
GUESS.] Of another kind. This word
I have found only in Sidney.

If my father had not plaid the hafty fool, I
might have had anotbergaines hulbaod than Da.
metas. SiJtiCy:

A N o't h e r g u e is, adj. [This word, which
though rarely ufed in writing, is fome-
what frequent in colloquial language, I
conceive to be corrupted from another
giiife ; that is, of a different guij'e, or
manner, or form.] Of a different kind,
oh Hocus! where art thou ? It ufed to go' in
anoihirgmfi manner in thy time. - Ariulhnot.

M 2 A'nsateb

A N S

A'ksated. fl<^". [an/aius, Lii-I Having
handles ; or fomething in the form of
handles.

To A'NSWER. V. n. [The etymology is
uncertain; the Saxons had anbi7apian,
but in another fenfe ; the Dutch have
aHtificoriittt.'^

1. To fpcak in return to a queftion.

Are we fucccur'd ? are the Moors rejnovM?
Jlnfiver thefc queftions fitft, and then a thoufand

more.
ylntviT them altogether. _ Dr/dcn.

a. To fpeak in oppofition.

No man was able to a^ifieer bim a word.

Mt!tttirto,xx'n. 46.

K it be faid, we may difcover the elemcntarj-

Ingredients of things, I tnfwer, that it is not

reccflary that fuch a difcovery ftould be prafti-

cab!e. . S!>fk.

i. To be accountable for : withy«'

Thole many had not dared to do evil
If the firft man tliat did th' edi£k infringe
Hid ar/awV/cr his deed. Shahffeari.

Some men have finned in the principles of
Inunanityj and muft anjiurr for not being men.

Brown's Vsilgar Emuri.

If there be any abfutdity in this, our author
iruft anfivtr for it. Lotte.

4. To vindicate ; to give a juftificatory
account of: \y\t\i fcr^

The night, fo impudently fixed for my la/l,
nade little impreflion on myfelf ; but 1 cannot
tnharrfor my family. Swift.

5. To give an account.

How they have been iince received, and fo well
inrrproved, let thofe cnftvn- either to God or man,
who have been the attthort and promoters of fuch
wife council. 7imfle,

He wants a father to prolefl his .youth.
And rear him up to virtue. You muft bear
TItt future blame, and anfivcr 10 the world,
When yoo refufe the eafy honelV means
Of talcing care of him. Seutbtrti,

6. To corr«fpond to ; to fuit with.

As in water face anjiutrah to face, fo the heart
of man to man. i'rw. xxvii. 19.

7. To be equivalent to ; to {land for
f«naething elfe.

A feaft is made for laughter, and wine maketh
Bury '■ but money anjvieriib all things.

Ecd. X. 19.

8. To fatisfy any claim or petidon of
right or juftice.

Zelmane with rageful eyes bade bim defend
hinUelf ; for no lefs than bis life would anfiver
It. SidtKy.

Revenge the jeering and difdain'd contempt
Of this proud king, who lludies day and night
To onjiviT all the debt he owes unto you,
Ev'n with the bloody payments of your deaths.
*' ^haktjpcgrc,

let his neck trj-aier for it, if there is any mar-
tial iaw in the world. Sbatrffeare.

Men no fooner find their appetites uvanjivercdy
than they complain the times arc injurious.

iak'tgk.

That yearly rent is ftill paid, even as the former
cafualty itfelf was wont to be, in parcel meal ^aid
in and anfwertd. Bacon.

5. To aft reciprocally.. .

Say, do'K thou yet the Roman harp command ?
Po the ftrings anfnver to thy noble hand ? Dryd.

10. To ftand as oppofite or correlative to
fomething elfe.

There can but two things create love, p;rfec-
tion and ufcfulnefs ; to which anftoerr on our
part, t. Admiration ; and, 2. Dcfire : and both

taylor.

thcfe are centered in love

II. To bear proportion to.

Weapons muft needs be dangerous things, if
they aitjwertd the bulk of fo prodigious a pcrfun.

Svifi.

A N S

12. To perform what is endeavoured or
intended by the agent. .

Our part is, to choofe out the moft deferring
objcfts, and the moft likely to e,.fivtr the ends
of our charity; and when this is done, all 15
done that lies in our power J the reft muft be lett
to providence. ^ Atterbury.

13. To comply with.
He dies that touches of this fruit,

Till I and my aflFairs are axfivertd. Sbaiejftare,

14. To fucceed; to produce the wimed
event.

Jafon followed her counfel, whereto when the 5
eveiitbad anhvertdyhc again demanded the fleece.

Raltigb.

In operations upon bodies for their verfion or al-
teration, the tiial in great quantities doth not
anftvcr the trial in fmall : and fo deceiveth many.

' Bacon.

15. To appear to any call, or authoritative
fummons ; in which fenfe, though figu-
ratively, the following paflagc may be,
perhaps, taken.

Thou wert better in thy grave, than to tnfwer,
with thy uncovered body, this extremity of the
(kies. . SlaUffcare.

16. To be over-agalnft any thing.

Fire anfiven fire, and, by their paly beams.
Each battle fees the other's umbcrd face. Sbah
A'nswer. fi.f. [from To anj'hver.]
I. That which is faid, whether in fpeech
or writing, in return to a queftion, or
pofition.

It was a right anfwer of the phyfician to his
patient, that had fore eyes: If you have more
plcafure in wine, than in your fight, wine is good.

Locke.

How can we think of appearing at that tribu-
nal, without being able to give a ready anf-wn-
to the queftions which he (hall then put to us,
about the poor and the afflifted, the hungry and
the naked, the fick and imprifoned ? jitterhury.

z. An account to be given to the demand
of juftice.

He'll call you to fo hot an anjtver for it.
That you (hall chide your trefpafs. Shakifftare.

In law, a confuution of a charge ex-
hibited againft a perfon.

A perfonal anfvier ought to have three quali-
ties ; it ought to be pertinent to the matter in
hand ; it ought to be abfolute and unconditional ;
it ought to be clear and certain. jlyllff.

A'nswer-jobber. n.f. [from «»/^*r and
jobber.'] He that maJces a trade of writ-
ing anfwers.

What difgufts me from having any thing to do
with anfiuer-johbtri, is, that they have no con-
fcicncc. StB'ft.

A'nswerable. aJj. [from an/nuer.]
I . That to which a reply may be made ;
that which may be anfwered ; as, the
argument, though fubtle, is yet anf^er-
ahk.
z. Obliged to give an account; obliged
to anfwer any demand of juftice j or
ftand the trial of an accufation..

Every chief of every kindred or family fliould
be anfwerablf, and bound to bring forth every cnc
of tliat kindred, at all times, to be juftificd, when
be fhould be required, or charged with any treafon
or felony. Spenfer^i Stale of Ireland.

Will any man argue, that if a phyfician ftiould
manifeftly prcfcribc poifon to all his patients, he
cannot be juftly pimilUcd, but is anJvKrabU only
to God f S'jiifi.

He cannot think ambition more juftly laid to
their charge, than to other men, bccaufe that
would be to m.ike church government fl^wfr<i/i/f
for the errors of human nature, Swif'.

3. Correfpondcnt,

3-

ANT

It was but fuch a likenefs as an imperfea glaft
doth give, anf-werahle enough in fome features and
colours, but erring in others. Sidney.

The daughters of Atlas were ladies who, ac-
companying fuch as came to be regiftcrcd among
the worthies, brought forth children anjiviral'le ia
quality to thofe that begot them.' Raleigbt

, Proportionate ; fuitable.

Only add
Deeds to thy knowledge anfieeraile ; add faith.
Add virtue, patience, temperance ; add love
By name to come cail'd charity, the foul
Of all the reft. Milicn,.

. Suitable ; fuited.

The following, by certain eftates of men, an-
jiuerahh to that which a great perfon himfelf
profclTcth, as of foldiers to him that hath been
employed in the wars, hatli been a thing well
taken even in monarchies. Bactmm

If anfiuerahle ftyle I can obtain.
Of my celeftial patronefs. Afiltatr

S. Equal ; equivalent.

There be no kings whofe means are anftverahle
unto other men's dcfires. Ra/eigb»-

7. Relative ; correlative.

That, to every petition for things needful,
there fliould be forac anftoerabU fentence of-
thanks provided particularly to follow, is not tt-
quifite. Bockeri.

A'nsweraBLY. aif-a, [from anjkuerabk.l
In due proportion ; with proper cor-
refpondence ; fuitably.

The broader feas are, if they be entire, and
free from iilands, they are anftoerab/y deeper.

Brerewood *« Languagew-

It bears light forts, into the atmofphere, to a

greater or lefler height, anpwerab/y to the greater

or lelfer intenfcncfs of the heat. ffoedward.

A'nswerableness. >!./. [from an/wer-
able."] The quality of being anfwer-
able. DOT.

A'nswerer. n.f. [hom anfwer.']

1 . He that anfwers ; he that fpeaks in re-
turn to what another has fpoken.

I know your mind, and I will fatisfy it; neither
will I. do it like a niggardly anfiverer, going no
further than the bounds of the queftion . Sidney.

2. He that manages the controverfy a-
gainft one that has written firft.

It is very unfair in any writer to employ igno-
rance and malice together ; becaufe it gives his
arfiverer double work. Stvift.

Ant. n. / [aensem. Sax. which Junius
imagines, not without probability, to
have been firft contracted to aemt, and
then foftened to ant.] An emmet; a
pifmire. A fmall infeft that lives in
great numbers together in hillocks.

We'il fet thee to fchool to an ant, to teach thee
there's no lab'ring in the winter. Staiejfearu

Methinks, all cities now but ant-hills are.
Where when the feveral labourers I fee
For children, houfe, provifion, taking pain,
They're all but antt carrying eggs, flraw, and

gran

Donne.

Learn each fmall people's genius, policies ;
The anti republick, and the realm of bees. Pope.

Ant-bear. ». / [from ant and bear.l
An animal that feeds on ants.

Divers quadrupeds feed upon infcfts ; and fome
live wholly upon them ; as two forts of tamanduas
upon ants, which therefore are called in Englifti
ant-beari. Ray,

Ant-hi LL, or HILLOCK. ».y; [(rotti ant
and bill.] The fmall protuberances of
earth in which ants make their nefts.

Put blue flowers into an ant-bill, they will be
ftained with red ; becaufe the ants drop upon them
their ftinging liquor, which hath the efteil of oil
of vitriol. Jfay»

Thofe who hive few am-HJMi, have eafily

perceived

ANT

ANT

ANT

pettccived thofe fmall beapi of com aliout their
nefts. MMJln.

An't. a contra£lion for and it, or rather
and if it ; as, ati't pleafe you ; that is,
and if it pleafe you.

Anta'cONIST. n. f. [a>Ti and iiyivi^a.]

1. One who contends with another ; an
opponent. It implies generally a pcr-
foaal and particular oppoiition.

Our arttagontiii in thele coatioveriies may have
met with istat not unlike to Icliacius. Ilooier.

Wljat was fet before him,
To heave, pull, draw, and break, he £lill perform'd,
Kone daring to appear antagorij}, MVton.

It is not fit that the hiftory of a perfon flioulJ
appear, till the prejudice both oi \\\i antagoniJluriA
adherents be foftened and fubdued. Addij<,n.

2. Contrary.

Tile fliort club conCfls of thofe who are under
five feet j ours is to be compofed of fuch as are
above fix. Thefe we took upon as the two extrenoes
tad arttagonijti of the fpeciesj confidering all thefe
as neuters, who fill up the middle fpace. Addifin.

3. In anatomy, the antagoniji is that mul-
cle which counteradls Tome other.

A relaxation of a mufcle muft produce a fpafm
in its antagmipy becaufe the cfjuilibrium is de-
ftroyed. " Artushnit.

7o Anta'gonize. f. n. [irom a»TJ and
a,yiit\?^ai.\ To coDtend againll another.

Dia.

Anta'lcick. adj. [from a.Ti,againft, and
QtKy^, pain.] That which foftens pain ;
anodyne.

AUTJN ACLASIS, n. / [Lat. from
ailxii*x>xi(Tii, from ul\aiax>^eiu, to drive
back.]

I . A figare in rhetorick, when the fame
word is repeated in a different, if not
in a contrary fignification ; as, /« tby
youth learn fame craft, that in eld age thou
tnayjl get thy living ivithout craft. Craft,
in the firft place, fignifies fciencc or oc-
cupation ; in the fecond, deceit or fub
tilty.

a. It is alfo a returning to the matter at
the end of a long parenthefjs ; as. Shall
that heart (nuhich does not only feel them,
hut hath all motion of his life placed in
them), fliall that heart, I fay, &c.

Smith's Rhetorick.

Antaphrodi'tick. adj. [from itz),
againft, and 'a^^o^itt, Venus.] That
which is efficacious againft the venereal
difeafe.

Antapople'cticic. a<»y. [atr), againft,
and airowX^^ic, an apoplexy.] Good
againft an apoplexy.

Anta'rctick. adj. [atr), againft, and
ifxl^, the bear or northern conftella-
tion.] The fouthern pole, fo called, as
cppofite to the northern.

Downward as far as antarFixi. Mi/lor.

They that had fail'd from near th' antardick pole.
Their treafure fafe, and all their vcdels whole,
In fight of their dear country ruin'd be.
Without the guilt of either rock or fea. Wallir.
Antarthri'tick. adj. [i,T<, againft,
and etfSfiTi;, the gout. Good againft
the gout.]
Aktasthma'tick. eidj. F from am and

«urSft«.] Good againft the afthraa.
ANTE. A Latin particle fignifying be-
fore, which is frequently ufed in com-
pof:tions ; a», antediluvian, before the

6

flood ; antechamber, a chamber leading

into another apartment.
A'nteact. n.f. [irom. ante ZX16. ail. 1 A

former ad.
Anteambula'tion. h. f. [from ante

and ambulatio, Lat.] A walking before.

Dia.
To ANTECE'DE. •v. ». [from ante, be-
fore, and cedo, to go.] To precede ;

to go before.
It fecms confonant to reafon, that the fabrick of

the world did not long aniecede its motion. Hale.

Antece'dence. a. f. [from antecede.]
The aft or ftate of going before ; pre-
cedence.

It is impoHiblc that mixed bodies can be eternal,

becaufe there is ncceflariiy a pre-cxiftence of the

fimple bodies, and an antrcedence of their conftitu-

tion preceding the exiftence of mixed bodies. Halt.

Antece'dent. adj. \_antecedens , Lat.]

1. Going before ; preceding. Antecedent
is ufcd, I think, only with regard to
time; precedent, with regard both to
time and place.

To aflcrt, that God looked upon Adam*s fall as
a f.n, and punii]sed it, when, without any antece-
dent fin of his, it was impofTible ^'^t him not to fall,
Items a thing that higiily reproaches elTentiat
equity and goodnefs. Smtth,

2. It has to before the thing which is fup-
pofed to follow.

No one is fo hardy as to fay, God is in his
debt; that he owed hini a nobler being: for exift-
ence muft be arietejent /j merit. CMtr,

Did the blood firft exift, antecedent fa the forma-
tion of the heart ? But that is to fet the effcft be-
fore the caufe. Bentley.

Antece'dent. n.f. [antecedens, Lat.]

1. That which goes before.

A duty of f) mighty an influence, that it is in-
deed the necefiary antecejmt, if not alfo the direft
caufe, of a finner's return to -God. Souti>.

2. In grammar, the noun to which the
relative is fubjoined ; as, the man who
comes hither.

Let him learn the right joining of fubftantivts
with adjeftives, the noun with the verb, and the
relative with the antecedmt. Afcbam

3. In logick, the firft propofition of an
enthymeme, or argument confifting only
of two propofitions.

Conditional or hypothetical propofitions are
thofe whofe parts are united by the conditional
particle if; as, (/"the fun be fixed, the earth muft
move : i/" there be no fire, there will be no fmoke.
The firft part of thife propofitions, or that wherein
the condition is contained, is called the antecedent,
the other is called the cmjejuenl. H^uttt't Ligici.
Antece'dentlv. ad'u. [from antece-
dent.] In the ftate of antecedence, or
going before ; previoufly.

Wc confider him antecedently to his creation,
while he yet by in the barren womb of nothing,
and only in the number of poflibilities. South.

ANTECESSOR, n.f [Latin.] One who
goes before, or leads another; the prin-
cipal. Dia.

Antecha'mher. h. f [from ante, be-
fore, and chamber; it is generally writ-
ten, improperly, antichamber.'] The
chamber that leads to the chief apart-
ment.

The emprefs has the anl'ubamieri paft.
And this way moves with a diforder'd hafte. Dryd.

His anikhanher, and room of audience, arc lit-
tle f:)uare chnml>erE wainfcolcd. Addi/m.

ANTECU'RSOR. n.f [Latin.] One who
runs before. Dia.

To A'ntedate. -v. a. [from ante, and

do, datum, Lat.]
I. To date earlier than the real time, fo

as to confer a fiftitious antiquity.

Now thou haft lov'd me one whole day,
To-morrow, when thou leav'ft, what wilt diou fay "i
Wilt thou then antedate fome new-made vow,
Or fay, that now
We are not juft thofe perfons, whjcli we were ?

Dcnne»

By reading, a man does, as it were, antedate his
life, and makes himfelf contemporary with the
ages paft. Collier,

z. To take fomething before the proper
time.

Our joys below it can improve,
And anitdate the blifs above. Pope,

Antedilu'vi AN. adj. [from ante, be-
fore, and dilu-vium, a deluge.]

1. Exifting before the deluge.

During the time of the deluge, all the ftonc and
marble of t.ht antediluvian earth were totally dif-
folved. Woodward.

2. Relating to things exifting before the
deluge.

j The text intends only the line of Seth, con-

' duceable unto the genealogy of our Saviour, and

the antediluvian chronology. Brotuna ^ulg. Err,

Antedilu'vian. n.f. One thaflived
before the flood*

We are fo far from repining at God, that he
hath not extended t.he period of cur lives to the
longevity of the anledilufiani, that we give hira
thanks for contracting the days of our trial.

Bentley.

A'nt ELOPE, n. f. [The etymology is
uncertain.] A goat with curled or
wreathed horns.
The anielife, and wolf both fierce and fell.

Spenfcr.

Antemeri'dian. adj. [from ante, be-
fore, and meridian, noon.] Before noon.

Anteme'tick. adj. [in), againft, and
'rif).lu, to vomit.] That which has the
power of calming the ftomach ; of pre-
venting or ftopping vomiting.

Ante.mu'ndane. adj. [ante, before, and
mitndus, the world.] That which was
before the creation of the world.

Antenu'mber. ». / [from ante and
number. "] The number that precedes
another.

Whatfoever virtue is in numbers, for conducing
to confent of notes, is rather to be afcribed to the
antenumhr, than to the entire number, as that the
found returneth after fix, or after twelve; fo that
tlie feventhor thirteenth is not the matter, but the
fixth or the twelfth. Bacon.

A'ntepast. n.f. [from ante, before, and
pajfum, to feed.] A foretafte ; fome-
thing taken before the proper time.

Were we to cxpeft our blifs only in the fatiating
our appetites, it might be reafonablc, by frequent
antcpafts, to excite our guft for that profufe perpe-
tual meal. Deiay of Piety,
A'n tepenult.b./ [antepenultima, Lat. ]
The laft fyllable but two, as the fyllable
te in antepenult : a term of grammar.
Antepile'ptick. adj. [a.Ti and is-i-
X«i]/i;.] A medicine againft convulfions.

That bezoar is antidotal, lapis judaicus diureti-
cal, iorsX atilefileftical, we will not deny.

lironuns Vulgar Errcurs.
To A'nteponb. "v. a. [antepono, Lat.]
To fet one thing before another ; to pre-
fer one thing to another. Dia,
Antepredi'cament. n.f. [anteprediea-
mentum, Lat.] Something to be known

in

ANT

in the ftudj' of logick, previoufly to the
doftrinc ol- the predicament.

Anterio'rity. n. /. [ from anter'tour . ]
Priority j the ilate of being before, either
in time or fuuation.

Ante'riour. adj. [antericr, Lat.] Go-
ing before, either with regard to time or
place.

If thAt b» the anteriuir or upper part wherein the
fenle> are pUccd, and that the po.1etiouran<l Iswer
jurt, which is opfofite thereuntn, there is no inle-
riour or former part in this animal ; for the fenfes
being placed at both extremes, n-.akc both ends an-
Urkiur, M'hi^h is impoflible. Urcwn's Vuh Err,

ANTES, n.f. [Latin.] Pillars of large
dimenfions that fupport the front of a
building.

Antesto^'m ACH. ».y." [fromfl«/f, before,
and Jlomach.'] A cavity which leads

■ into the llomach.

In birds there is no maftication or comminution
of the meat in the mouth ; but it is immediately
fwallowcd into a- kind of anitfionuKh, wiiich 1 have
obferved in pifcivonms birds. Ray.

Anthelmi'nthick. a^J. [airi, againft,
and i;\finSo4, a worm.] That whicii
kills worms.

/littbrlm'MhUs, or contrary to worms, are things
which are known by experience to kill tliem, as
oils, or honey taken upon an empty ftomach.

^rbuthmt.

A'nthem. «. y". [Si3i,//.Mf, a hymn fung
in alternate parts, and fliould therefore
be written anthymn.l A holy fong ; a
fong performed as part of divine fervice.

Go4 Mofes firft.then David did infpire,
To compofe antbeitti for his heavenly quire. Denb.
There is no pallion that is not finely exprcfled in
thofe parts of the infpired writings, which are pro-
per for divine fongs and ar.th^ms. yUd'itcn.
AnTHO'lOCY.S./ [a»9oAoyia,froma*S(j;,

a flower, and hi-^, to gather.]

1. A colleflion of flowers.

2. A colleftion of devotions in the Greek
church.

3. A colleftion of poems.
A'nthony's fire. n.f. Akindofery-

fipilas.

ANTHRAX, n. f. [a>&ja|, a burning
coal.] A fcab or blotch that i<i made by
a corrofive humour, which burns the
Ikin, and occafions fliarp pricking pains ;
a carbuncle. ^ir.cy,

Anthroho'logv. n.f. [from asSfwirot,
man, and y^iytc, to difcourfe.j The doc-
trine of anatomy ; the dodlrine of the
form and ftruilure .of the body of man.

AnTHROPOMo'rPHITE. n.f. \_ai^^ul;t-

/<o^^o{.] One who believes a human
form in the Deity.

Chriftians as well as Turks have had whnlo fefts
contending that the Deity was corporeal and <}i hu-
man fliape; though few profcfs themfelves antbro-
fix-.orfitiiisyytt we may find manyaraohgll the ig-
norant of that opinion. Lsckt.

Anthropo'pathy.w./ [a>SfU5rii;,man,
. and iraS-o!, paflion.] The fenflbility of

man; the paffions of man.
ANTHROPO'PHAGI. n. /. // has no

fingular. [a>Sfwffo;, man, and Ipayu, to
eat.] Man-eaters; cannibals; thofe
that live upon human flelh.

The cannibals that each other eat,
The aiubropopkagi, and men whofe heads
Do grow beneath their ihouldcrs. Sbahffi. OtiiUo.

ANT

Amthropophaci'njan. n.f. A ludi-
crous word, formed by Shakcffeare from
anthropophagi, for the fake of a formida-
ble found.

Go, knock, and call ; he'll fpeaklikean cnibn-
ftfha^'imM unto thif : knock, I fay. Shaktff.

Anthropo'phaoy. n. f. [ai9j»>?ro?, a
man. and ^ayw, to eat.] The quality
of eating human flelh, or man-eating.

tjp->n flinder foundations was mifed the ar.'bro-
/•^^iagy of Diomcdeshis horfes. Bntan'sVulg. Er.

Anthropo'sophy. n.f. [a.S{i.7ro;, man,
and cotpM, wifdom.-] The knowledge
of the nature of m.an.

-^ M T H Y p no't I en. adj. ffrom' a»T( .againft,
and tins, llecp.] That which has the
power of preventing fleep ; that which
is efficacious againft a lethargy.

Anthypochon DRl'ACK./r(jJ?.[frOm a.rt\,

againli. and i7rop(;6»J^;a:'o,-.] Good againft
hvpochondriack maladies.

AK'JHYPO'PHORA. n. f [i,9i.«-i^oea.]
A figure in rhetorick, which fignifics a
contrary ill:tion, or inference, and is
when an objeftion is refuted or difproved
by the oppofition of a contrary fentence.
Smith's Rhetorick .

An T H y s T e'r I c K . adj. [from a >t.', againft,
and Js-i^ixof.] Good againft hyftericks.

ANTI. [ajTi.] A particle much ufed in
compoikion with words derived from the
Greek, and fignifies contrary to ; as, an
timonarchicdl, oppofite to monarchy.

Antia'cid. adj. [from ajTi, and aaV/tt.t,
four.] Contrary to fournefs ; alkalis.

Oils arc aniiaciiis, fo far as tliey blunt acrimony
but as tjiey are hard of digeftion, they produce acri-
mony of another fort. jirhuthtini,

Antichache'ctick. adj. [from icvrl,
againft, and >;avj|K, a bad habit.]
Tilings adapted to the cure of a bad
conftitution.

Anticha'mber. n.f. This word is cor-
ruptly \yritren for antechamber ; whicli
fee.

Antjchri'stian .«<^'.[from ajri .againft,
&xi^ ^ir'ia.tui.'] Oppofite to chrirtianity.

Thatdefpifed, abjeft, oiiprelfed fort of men, the
minifters, whom the wcrld would make antkhrif-
tiat:, and fo deprive th.m of heaven. Smi'b,

Antichri'stianism. n.f. [from anti-

chrijlian.'\ Oppofition or contrariety to

chriftianity.
Have we not feen many, whofe opi.-itons have

fafteiicJ upon on': a;iot!icr the branJ of ar.ticbrij-

liamfm ? V/ary of PUty.

Antichristi a'n iTY. n.f. [iromanti-

chrifiian.'\ Contrariety to chriftianity.
Anti'chronism. n.f [cifr;, againft, and

Xf'^>o;, time.] Deviation from the right

order or account of time,
ro ANTl'CIPATE. 1;. a. [anticifo, Lat.]
I. I'otake fomething fooner than another,

fo as to prevent him that comes after;

to take firft polTeflion.

Cod liath taken care to anthipatc and prevent
every mm, to draw him early intphis church ; tc
give piety the prepofTeflion, »ai fo'to engage him
in holinef'. Hemmend.

If our Aponie had maintained fuch an aiilki-
fat'irg principle engravL'n upon our fouls isefore ail
excicife of reaf<n ; whatdid he talkof fecking the
L>rJ, ftei.ig that the krigwledge of him was innate
,inJ perpetual ? Benllef.

ANT

2. To take up before the time at which any
thing might be regularly had.

I find \ have ati.'icipated already, and taken up
from Coccacc, before 1 come to him ; but I am of
tlie temper of kings, who are for prefcnt money,
no matter how they pay it. Drydcn.

3. To foretafte, or take an impreffion of
fomething, which is not yet, as if it
really was.

The life of the dofperate equals the anxiety of
death, who but aft the life of the damned, and ati-
tkifatc the defolations of he!!. Bream's Vulg. Err,

Why fiiouid we
jittfkipate our forrows : 'tis like thofe
That die for fear of death. Dentam.

4. To prevent any thing by crowding in
before it ; to preclude.

Time, thru amkipal'J) my dread exploits :
The flighty purp.ofe never is o'ertook,
Unlcfs the deed ^o with it. Sbakeff.-arr.

I am tar from pretending to inflru£t the profcf-

fion, or arlkifarhg their diteAioni to.fucli as are

under their government. ylrbuiln'jt.

Anticipa'tion. n.f. [(rom anticipate.']

I . The aft of taking up fomething before

its time.

The golden number gives the new moon four
days too late, by reafon of the aforefaid auiuifaiim,
and our ncgleS of it. HMcr.

It is not enough to he mlferable when the time
comes, unlefs we make ourfelvCsfo befiirehand, and
by anikipathn. ' L'EJIrange.

■2. Eol-etafte.

If we really live und^r the hope of future happi-

nefs, we (hall tartc it: by vay of untkipaikmai
forethought; an image of it will meet our minds
often, and ftay there, as all pleafing expeftations'
do. Attrrhun.

3. Opinion implanted before the reafons
of that opinion can be known.

The c.-ift and weft, the north and louth, have the
fame antk'ipautir. concerning one fuprerae difpofer
of things. Siillmgjlect.

What nation is there, that, without any teach-
ing, have not a kind ofantkipaikttf or preconceived
notion of a Deity ? Drrbam.

A'ntick. adj. [probably from antiquus,
ancient, as things out of ufc appear
old.] Odd ; ridiculoufly wild ; buitoon
in gefticulation.

What! dares the (lave
Come hither cover'd with an entkkfarc.
And fleer and fcorn at our fuleinnity ?

Sbairffaire's Romto cud Juliet,

Of all our antki fights, and pageantry.

Which Englifh idiots run in crowds to fee. Dryd*

The prize was to be conferred upon thj whifticr,

that could go through h^s tunc without laughing,

though provoked by the omkk pcftures of a merry

Andrew, who was to play tricks. jldd'^on,

A'ntick. n.f. '> •

1. He that plavjS anticks ; he that ufps odd
gefticulation ; a buffoon.

Within the hollow crown,
That rounds the mortal temples of a king.
Keeps death his court ; and there the amkh (its,
Scjiiing his rtate. Sbakefpcare.

If you (liou'.d italic he grows impatient.-^
Fear not, my lord, we cm contain ourfelvcs.
Were he the veriett iintick in the world. Sbakik.

2 . Odd appearance.

A work of rich entail, and curious moid.
Woven with unikks, and wild imagery. Fdiij ^

For e'en at firft reflcflion (he cfpies
Such toys, fuch antkks, and fuch vanities.
As (he retires and (brinks for (hame and fear. Davtet.

To A'ntick. 11. a. [from cntick.] To
make antick.

Mine own tongue
Splits what it fpcaks j the wild difguifc hath almoin

Aiitickt \xi aW. ■ til'akijpcere,

A'nticklt.

ANT

A'ntickly, Wo". [from a/!tu-i.1 In an
antick manner ; with odd poftures ; wild
gefticulations, or fanciful appearance.

Scrambling, out-tacing, fafliion-inongring boys,
That lye, and cog, and flout, deprave, and (lander.
Go artickly, and Jhew an outward hideoufncl's,
And (peak, of half a dozen dangerous words.

Stakefptare.

ANTICU'MAX. n.f. [from a.ri and x^i-
;ia|.] A fentence in which the 1 aft part
expreffes fomething lower than the firft.

A ccrta'a figure, which was unknown to the
ancients, is called by fome an anudmax, AdSJrjn.
This dillich is frequently mentioned as an ex-
ample :

Next comes I>alhouirey, the great god of war.
Lieutenant col'nel to the earl of Mar.
Anticonvu'lsive. adj. [from krii, a-
gainft, and tonvulfive.'\ Good againft
convulfions.

Whatfocver produces an inflammatory difpo(i-
tion in tlie blood, produces the a(thma, as ajiikon-
vulfi've medicines. Ficyer.

jfNTICOR.^./. [from am, againft, and

cor, the heart.]

Apretiirnaturai (welling of a round fig\ire, occa-
fioned by a fanguine and bilious humour, and ap-
pearing in a horfe's brea(l, oppo(ite to his heart.
Ar. aniiar may kill a horfe, unlcfs it be brought
to a fuppuratlon by good remedies. Fjrrier's DISI.

AN'rico'uRTiER. n.f. [fromivTi, againft,
and courtier. '\ One that oppofes the court.

Anti'dotal. a^'. [hom antidote.'] That
which has the quality of an antidote, or
the power of counterafting poifon.

That bezoar is ar.tit^Mai, we (hall not deny. Brtnvr.
Animals that can innoxioufly digeft thefc poi-
fons, become aii:UAal to the poifon digertfd.

B>"'ivn's k'ui^ar Erniirs.

A'nTIDOTE. n. /. [arriJol©-, aniidotus,

Lat. a thing given in oppofition to

fomething elle.] ,

A medicine given to expel the mifcbiefs of ano-j

ther, as of poifon. S^u'wcy*

Trud oot the phyfician, i

His afitiduet are poifon, and he Da)! '

More ihao you rob. $biikrfpiarti

What fool would believe that aatitUti delivered

by Pierius againd the (ling of a fc^rpiin ? to fit

upon an afs, with uhe's face towaids his tail.

Brvwttl Vulgar F.rrturi.
Piif^n will work a^ainf^ the ftars : beware;
For ev'ry meal an amidott prepare. Vrrttenjuv^
Antid ysente'rick. adj. [from «>Ti,
againft, and dyfenteria, a bloody flux.]
Good againft the bloody flux.
Anti Ft^BRii-E. adj. [from a»T>, againft,
Anifebris, a fever.] Good againft fevers.
Aniiftbrilc medicines clieck the ebuiiition. TioyEr,
Anti Lo'r.ARiTHM.- n.f. [from a.n\,
againft, and logarithm.'^

The comj^Icmcnt of the logarithm of a (ioe, tan-
gent, or fccant; or the difference of that !oga.
rithm from the logarithm of ninety degrees.

Cicttiiers,

AnTi'logy. n.f. [ijTiXcyi*.] A contra-
didion between any words and parages
in an atithor. Difl.

Anti'loc^uist. «./. [from a»Ti, againft,
and loquor, to fpeak.] A contradiftor.

Dia.

Antimona'rch iCAL. adj. [from «»tI,
againft, and f/.ova^;^!*, government by
a fmgle perfon.] Againft government
by a Unglc perfon.

When ne fpicd th-: ilatue of King Charles io
tlie mid'Jlc of the cr .wd, and moft of the kings
ranged over their hc.ui ;, he concluded, that an j'l-
I'lmnarcbkal iiicrM-j coaid never choofe fuch a
flace. , . ' .. h^dijin.

ANT

Antimona'rchicalness. fi. /. [from
antimonarchical.'\ The quality of being
an enemy to regal power.

Antimo'nial. adj. [from antimony.'^
Made of antimony ; having the quali-
ties of antimony ; relating to anti-
mony.

They were got out of the reach of arjimomal
fumes. Grnv.

Though ant'imomal cups, prcpar'd with art,
Their force to wine through ages (hould impart.
This di(?ipation, this profuie cxpence.
Nor (brinks tiieir fue, nor waltes their ftores im-
menfe, BUckm^c.

-VNTIMONY. >!./. [The ftiblum of the
ancients, by the Greeks called r£^/i«.
The reafon of its modern denomination
is referred to Bafil Valentine, a Ger-
man monk ; who, as the tradition relates,
having thrown fome of it to the hogs,
obfervcd th.it, after it had purged them
heartily, they immediately fattened ;
and therefore he imagined his fellow
monks would be the better for a like
dofe. The experiment, however, fuc-
ceeded fo ill, that they all died of it ;
and the medicine was thenceforward
called antimoinc, antimonk.'\

Arjtirmmy is a mineral fubdance, of a metalline
nature, having all the feerai.ig characters of a real
metal, except malleability j and may be called a
femimetal, being a folTile glebe of fome undeter-
mined metal, combined with a fulphurous and ilony
fubitancc. Mines of all metais afford it; that in
gold mines is reckoned belt. It has alfo its own
mines in Hungary, Germany, and Fiance. Its
texture is full of little (hining veins or threads,
like needles; brittle as glafs. Sometimes Veins
of a rtd or golden colour are intermixed^ which
is called maU antimony \ that without them being
dcnominatjdyoBa/u/rTnmwjr... Jt fufes in the lire,
though with fome difficulty ; and diirotves more
cilily in water. It deflr>^ys aod difiipates all me-
tals fufed with i(, Except gold j and is therefore

■ u(eful in reiining. It is a common ingredient in
fpeculums, or burning concaves; lerving to. give
them a finer poliib. It makes a part in bell me-
tal ; and renders the found more clear. It is
mingled with tin, to make it more hard, white,
and (bund; and with lead, in the cafting of printers
letters, to render llicm more fmooth and firm. It
is a general help in the melting of metals, and
efpecialty in caftir.g of cannon-balls. In ph.Tr-
matry it is n'.ed under various forms, and with va-
rious intentions, chicrly a?an cmetick, Chamleri.

Antinephri'tick. adj. [from a,Ti and
rip^iTiito;.] Medicines good againft'dif-
eales of the reins and kidneys.

A'ntinomy. n.f. {from a.i~\ and re,(i'-!.]
A contradidlion between two laws, or
t«'o Articles of the fame law. |

Aiitmr^mhs are almufl unavoidable in fuch val
riety of cpinions and anfv.ers. Baker.

Antiparaly'ticc. ar^'. [from «m ana
■aa^ut.-jc-ii.l Efficacious againft the palfyt

Antipathe'tical. adj. [from antijiu-
tiy.] Having a natural contrariety to
any thing.

Tl^ (bU is fat and luxurious, and atttipathttUal
to all venomous creatures. IJoivJ^ Vtcal T'.rtji.

Antipathe'tic Ai.TiESS. n.f. [frr)vn.an-
tipcuhclical.\ The quality or ftatc of
having a natural contrariety to any
thing. DHL

ANITPATHY. n.f. [from u,i\, againft,
and croSoc, feeling ; antipathie, Fr.]

I. A natural contrariety to any thing, fo
as to ftiun it involuntarily ; averiion j
diflikc, it is oppoled tof^mfatiy.} ^

ANT

No centraries hold more antipathy,
Thjn I and fuch a knave. Shahfpean»

To this perhaps might be juftly attributed moil
of the fympathies and aniifatbia obfervable in
men. Locke.

2. It has fometimes the particle againji
before the objeft of antipathy.

I had a mortal antipathy againji (landing armies
in times of peace ; becaufe I took armies to be
hired by the mader of the family, to keep his
children in (lavery. Swifts

3. Sometimes /».

A(k you, what provocation I Tiave had ?
The llrong antipathy of good to bad.
When truth, or virtue, an affront endures,
Th' aflVont is mine, my friend, and Ihould be
yours. FopCm-

4. Formerly ivith ; but improperly.

Tangible bodies have an antipathy *ivitb air 5
and any liquid body, that is more denfe, they will
draw, condenfi, and, in eftedl, incorporate. Bacon*

ANTIPERI'STASIS. n.f [from uniir^^i-
rac^K, formed of un) and Trs^ira^fi, to
ftand round.] The oppofition of a con-
trary quality, by which the quality it
oppofes becomes heightened or intend-
ed ; or the aflion by which a body,
attacked by another, coUeCls itfe^Jf, and
becomes ftronger by fuch oppoiltion ;
or an intention of the aftivity of one
quality caufed by the oppofition of ano-
ther. Thus quicklime is fet on fire by
the afpufion of cold water ; fo water be-
comes warmer in winter than in fum-
mer ; and thunder and lightning are ex-
cited in the middle region of the air,
which is continually cold, and ail by
antiperiflafo. This is an exploded prin-
ciple in the Peripatetick philofophy.

. Tii^ aniipcrijiafts uf age

More InflaifiM his nm'rout rage. CmvLj.

•The riotous prodigal dctells covetoufnels ; yet
lot Uim find the fprings grow dry which feed hia.
luxury, covetoufnefs iTiail be called in : and fo,.
by a Stinge aniiptrijlajii, prodigality (hall beget ra-
pine. ' ' Decay 0/ Piety.

Antjpestile'nti AL. adj. [from ivr],.
againft, and ^i?/?/7t«//a/.] Efficacious a-
gainft the infeftion of the plague.

Perfumes corredl the air before it is attracted by
the lungs ; or, rather, ar.tipeJIiltRtial ung'u-nfs, to
anoint the noilrils with. Harvey on the Blague.

ANTTPHRASIS. n.f [from iv-rJ, againft,
and (pficri;, a form of fpecch.] The ufe
of words in a fenfe oppofite to their pro-
per meaning.

■ You now find no caufe to repent, that you
never dipt your hands irf the bloody hijli courts of
judlce, fo called only by antiphra/is. South.

As Ti' POD Ah. adj. [from antipodes.] Re-
lating to the countries inhabited bv the
antipodes.

The Americans arc antipodal unto the Indians.

Brotvn.

JNTI'PODES. n.f. It has no fingtilar.
[from an), againft, and tsihi, feet.]'
Thofe people who, living on the other
fide of the globe, have their feet di-
redlly oppofue to ours.

. \Vc (liould hold day with the anlipcda.
If you would walk in abfence of the fun.

• Sbahfpen-e, ■
So (IVincs the fun, tho' hence remov'd, as clear
When hli beam' warm th' antipodes, as here.

Aw'tipope. n.f [from itrl, againft, and
pope.] He that ufurps the popedom, in>
oppoiltion to the right pope.

Tliit-

ANT

ANT

ANT

This houfe is famous in hlftory, for \ht tt-
treat of an amijuft, who called bimlclf FcU» V.

JNriPTO'SIS. n.f. [i.Tis-TKins.] A figure
in grammar, by which one cafe is put

for another.
A'NTiquARY. n.f. [antlquaritis, Lat.]
A man ftudious of antiquity ; a collector
of ancient things.

All arts, raiitit-s, and inventions, are but the-
telit^s of an intclleft defaced with fin. We ad-
mire it now, only as aniijimmt do a piece of
old coin, for the Itsmp it once bore. South*

With marpcn'd fight pale antiquaries pore,
Th' inKription valde, but the ruft adore. Pcfe.

The rude Latin of the monies is ftiU -very in-
telligible ; bad their records been delivered in the
vulgar tongue, they coqIJ not now be underdood,
unlefs by anti^ttariit, Stvift*

A'ntic^uaiiv. ai/j. [This word is im-
proper.] Old ; antique.

Here's Ntftor,
Inftruficd by the fittiijutiry times ;
He mufl, he is, he cannot but be wife. Shaltcfp*
7« A'nTIQU ATE. -v. a. [antijuo, Lat.]
To put out of ufc ; to make obfolete.

The growth of Chriftianity in this kingdom
might reafonably introduce new laws, and an-
tij-Mte or abrogate fome old ones, that feemed lefs
CCFnfiilcnt with the Chriftian dcflrines.

Halir^s Common Laio ttj Kngland.
Milton's Paradife Loft is admirable. But can-
sot I admire the height of Wi invention, and the
llrcngth of his expreflidn, without defending his
ami^uaieJ words, and the perpetual harihnefs of
their found ? DryJcn.

Almighty Latium, with her cities crown'd.
Shall like an antiquated fable found. AdHifatt.

A'NTi<iyATEDNESS. n.f. [ftOTCiantiquat-
ed.'\ The ftate of being atuiquated, worn
out of ufe, or obfolete^

ANTrQUE. aJJ. [_antique, Fr. antijuus,
Lat. It was formerly pronounced ac-
cording to the Englifli analogy, with
the accent on the firft fyllabiej but now
after the French, with the accent on the
laft, at leaft in profe 4 the poets ufe it
varioufly.]

k. Ancient i old; not modern.

Now, good Ccfario, but that piece of fonp.
That old and antique fong we heard laft night.

Shakefpeare.

Such truth in love as th' antique world did know.
In fuch a ftyle as coOrts might boaft of now. H^aller.

3. Of genuine antiquity.

The feals which we have remaining of Julius
Czfar, which we know to be antique, have the ftar

.t>{ Venus over them. Dryden.

My copper lamps, at any rale,
3For being true antique I bought ;

Yet wifdy melted down my plate,
Cn modern models to be wroughtj
And trifles J alike purfue,
Bccaufe they're old, becaufe they're n«#. prler.

3. Of old fashion.

Forth came that ancient lord and aged (jaeen,
Array'd in antique robes dow i to the ground,
And fad habilimentsrighl well befcen. tViry S^ecn.

Muft he no more divert the t'd.ous day ?
JJor fparkling thoughts in antique words convey ?
imiri to tbe Mivory ofyhilif:.

4. Odd ; wild ; antick.

Name not thclc living death-heads unto me;
For thcfe not ancient but antique be. _V6nne-

And fooner may a gulling weather-fpy.
By drawing forth hcav'n's fchemc, tell certainly
What fa/hion'd ha.s, or ruffs, or fuits, next year
Our giddy-headed antique you. h will wear. Dinne.

Anti'que. «./ [tiom onti jut, ai/J.] An
antiqaity ; a remain. of ancient times ;
an ancient rarity.
I .eav< to £dward, now carl of Oxford, my fcai

of JuIUis Crfar; as alfo another fea', fuppofc4 tc '
be a you:ig Herculca ) botlt very choice anlijues,
and let in gold. Stoift.

A N T I'qu E N E 83 . »./. [ from antique. ] Tbe
quality of being antique ; an appear-
ance of antiquity.

We may difcover i'omething venerable In the an-
tiquer.cjt of tbe work j bet .we would fee the defign
enLrgL-d. , Addijcn.

AnTi'ouiTy, n.f. [aittiquitas, Lat.]
I. Old time« ; time pafl long ago.

I rteition Ariftotle, PoSbius, and Cicero, the
greateft philofopher, the moft impartial hiftcrian,
and the moli confummate ftutefnian, of all anti-
quity. Addijtn.
2.. The people of old times ; the ancients.

That fuch pillars were railed by SeCh, all anti-
quity has avowed. Raleigk.

3. The works or remains of old times.

As for the ohfer\'ation of Machiavel, traducing
Gregory the Crest, that he did what in him lay
to extingiiiOi all heathen amiquitiei : I da not find
that thofe eeals laft long; as it appeared in the
fuccefiian of Sabinian, who did revive the former
antiquities. Bacon.

4. Old age : a ludicrous fenfe.

It not your Voice broken ? your wind fliort ?
your chin double ? your wit fingle ? and every part
about you blafted with antiquity ? and will you yet
call yourfelf young ? Sba):<:ffeare.

5. Ancientnefs ; as, this ring is valuable
for its antiquity.

JNTI'SCII. n.j\ It has nojingular. [from
lifTi and a-xia.] In geography, the people
who inhabit on different lides of the
equator, who confequently at noon have
their (hadows projeiSted oppofite ways.
Thus the people of the north are An-
tifcii to thofe of the fouth ; the one pro-
jecting their fliadows at noon toward
the north pole, and the other toward the
fouth pole. Chambers.

Antiscorbu'tical. adj. [from an),
againfl, axtA/corbutum, the fcurvy.] Geod
againil the fcurvy.

rhe warm antifcorbuiical plants, in quantities,
will occafion ftiuking breath, and corrupt the blood.

Arbutbnot.

Antiscorbu'tick. adj. [from avri,
againft, and fcorbutum, the fcurvy.]
Good againft the fcurvy.

The warm atiijccrbulich, animal diet, and ani-
mal falts, are proper. Arbutbnot.

ANTl'SPASIS. n.f, [from i.n\, againft,
and trvaij, to draw. ] The revulfion of
any humour into another part.

Antisp asmo'dick. aJj. [from in-i,
againft, and <r«-a<7ft«c, the cramp.] That
which has the power of relieving the
cramp.

Antisp a'stick. atlj. [from avr) and
inrar'xof.] Medicines which caufe a re-
vulfion of the humours.

Antisplene'tick. adj. [from <«»t» and
Jphnetick.^ Efficacious in difeafes of Oie
fplecn.
Aniijflenetielio^m the obftruftions of the fplecn.

Pleytr.

ANTrSTROPHE. n.f. [i^^r^'^tfy,, from
«>Ti, the contrary way, and rfe?«. tXirn-
ir>g«] ]n an ode fuppofed to be furVg in
parts, the Tecond ftanza of every three,
or fometimes every fecond ftan/.a ; fo
called becaufe the dance turns about.

Antistrum a'tick. adj. [from am, and
firuma, a fcrophulous fweiling.] Good
againft the king's evil. s

I prefcrlbed him a diftiUeJ milk, whh anr'iflru-
matieks, and purged him. If^Jrman.

ANTTTHESiS. n. f. in the plural an.

iithc/es. \a.ir.^i~if, placing in oppofition.]
Oppofition of words or fentimeuts; con-
traft ; as in thcfe lines :

Though gentle, jet not dull ;
Strong witliout rage; without O'crflowing, full.

Denbam.
I fee a chief, who leads my chofcn Tons,
All arm'd with points, etr.t'ulefet, and pons. Pope.

A'nt 1 t y TZ.n.f. [arTiVfir®-.] That which
is refembled or Ihadowed out by the
type; that of which the type is the re-
ptefentation. It is a term of theology.
See Type.

When once upon the wing, he foars to an higher
pitch, from the type to the antitype, to the days of
the Mcfliah, die afcenfion of our Saviour, and, at
length, to his kingdom and dominion over all the
earth. Jiurnei't Thnry,

He brought forth bread and wine, and was the
prieft of the moR high God j imitating the an-
titype, or the fuhftance, Chrift himfelf. Taylor,

Aktity'pical. adj. [fromi a/itityfe.]
That which relates to an antitype ; that

which explains the type.
An t I VE N e'r E A L . adj. [from airt and -ve-
lureal.'l Good againft the venereal dif-
eafe.

If the lues be joined with it, you will fcatte cure
your patient without exhibiting emtk/entrra! reme-
dies. Jfifeman.

A'ntler. n.f. [^andouillier, Fr.] Properly
the firft branches of a flag's horns ; but,
popularly and generally, any of hi«
branches.

Grown old, they grow lefs branched, and firft
lofe their btow antlers, or toweft furcations next to
tlie head. Brown,

A weIl-gro'.vn ftag, vhofe antlers rife
High o'er hie front, his beams invade the Ikies.

Dryden,
Bright Diana
Brought hunted wild goats heads, and branching

antlers
Of ftags, the fruit and honour of her toil. Prior,
ANTO'ECl.n.f Itbasnoftngular. [Lat-
from aiit, and oix/w, to inhabit.] In geo-
graphy, thofe inhabitants of the earth
who live under the fame meridian, and
at the fame diftance from the equator i
the one toward the north, and the other
to the fouth. Hence they have the fame-
longitude, and their latitude is alfo the
fame, but of a different denomination.
They are in the fame femicircle of the
meridian, but oppofite parallels. They
have precifely the fame hours of the
day and night, but oppofite feafons ;
and the night of the one is always equal
to the day of the other. Chambers.

ANTONOMASIA. n.f [from in), and
ovo/xa, a nan\s.] A form of fpeech, in
which, for a proper name, is put the
name of fome dignity, ofiice, profeffion.
fciencc, or trade ; or whan a proper
name is put in the room of an appella-
tive. I'hus a king is 'called hit ma-
jefty ; a nobleman, his lord/hip. We
fay the philofopher inftead of Ariftotle,
and the orator for Cicero : thus a man
is called by the name of his country, a
German, an Italian ; and a grave man
is called a Cato, and a wife man a So-
lomon. Smith's Rhttcrici.

A'wTRK

ANY

Am'trb. n.f. [antre, Fr. ««//««, Lat.] A
cavern ; a cave ; a den : not in ufe.

With all my travels hifiory :
Wherein of antra v«ft, and defarts wild,
It was my hcnt to fpeak. Shakeffean,

A'jivii,. r../. [aenplk. Sax,]
I. The iron block on which the Tmith lays
his metal to be forged.

I faw a (mith ftand wth his hammer, thus,
The whilft his iron did on his arWcool. Sbaktff.

On tlieir eternal airvih here he found
The brethren beating, and the blows go round.

Dryden,

«■. Any thing on which blows are laid.

Here I clip
Tile ari-v-U of my fword, and do conted
Horiy and nobly. Shahffearc,

%. Figuratively ; to be upon the airvil, is
to be in a ftate of formation or prepara-
tion.

Several members of our houfe knowing what
»as upon the OTevil, went to the clergy, and dcfired
their judgment. Sioift.

Anxi'ety. luf. [anxietas, Lat.]
I. Trouble of mind about fome future
event ; fufpenfe with unealinefs ; per-
plexity ; folicitude.

To be happy, is not only to be firttd firom the
pains anj diliafcs of the body, but ftom. enx'irty
and vexation of fpirit ; not only to enjoy the plca-
fures of fcnfe, but peace of confcience, and tran-
quiUk)' of mind. 1'Uloifor:.

J. In the medical language, lownefs of
fpirits, with uneafinefs of the ftomach.

In aiuiUtia which attend fevers, wlicn the cold
fit is over, a warmer regimen may be allowed j and
bccaufe avxUtin often happen by fpafms from wind,
fpiccs are ufeful. Arburbnd,

A'NXIOUS. adj. [anxiui, Lat.]

J. Difturbed about fome uncertain event ;

folicitous ; being in painful fufpenfe ;

painfoliy uncertain.

His penfive cheek upon his hand recVn'd,
And aaxioui thoughts revolving in his mind. Dryd.

With beating hearts the dire event they wait,
jSnxktts, and trembling for the birth of fate. P'j^e,

Z- Careful; full of inquietude ; unquiet.
In youth alone unhappy mortals live }
But, ah ! the mighty blifs it fugitive;
Difcolour'd lickoefs, anxioui labour come.
And age, and death's ineiorablc doom. Drydeit.

3. Careful, as of a thing of great import-
ance.

No writings we need to be folicitous about the
meining of, but thofe that contain truths we are
to believe, or laws we are to obey ; we may be
lefs enxious aUut the fenfe of other authors. Locke.

4. It has generally/ir or about before the
objeft, butfomctiraes of; lefs properly.

Anxiom ',fnce,\c6, fufpefling change. CrumvUU.

A'sxiowsLY. adV. \^bom anxious .] In an
anxious manner ; folicitoufly ; unqoiet-
ly ; carefully ; with painful uncertainty.

But where the lofs is temporal, every probability
of it needs not put us fo anxioujly to prevent it,
/ince it might be repaired again. Sculb.

Thou what befits the new lord mayor,
And what the Gallicic arms will do, *
Art anxkujly inquifitive to know. Dr^den.

-A'kxiousniss. n./. [from anxious.] The
quality of being anxious ; fufcepubility
of anxiety.

A'ny. adj. [amj, eni3. Sax.]

I. Every; whoever he be; whatever it
be. It is, in all its fenfes, applied in-
differently to perfons t things.

1 know you are now. Sir, a gentli:miB born

Ay, and have been fo any time chcfe four hours.

StaU^re.

YoL.L

A P A

YcB contented yourfelf with being capable, as
much as any whofoever, of defending your country
with your fword. Drydtn.

How fit is this retreat for uninterrupted ftudy !
Any one that fees it will own, I could not have
chofen a more likely place to converfc with the
dead in. Pope.

z. Whofoever ; whatfoever ; as dillin-
guiihed from fome other.

What warmth is there in your affcftion towards
any of thefe princely fuitors that are already come ?

Sbakcjf^are.
An inverted motion being begun dry where be-
low, continues itfelf ail the whole length. Luke.
3 . It is ufed in oppofition to none.

I wound and I heal : neither is there any that
can deliver out of my hand. Dsut.xxxn. 39.

A'oRisT.n./ [io'jiro;.] Indefinite; a term

in the Greek grammar.
AO'RTA.n.f. [iojlr.] The great artery

which rifes immediately out of the left

ventricle of the heart. ^incy.

Ap a'ce. adv. [from a and pact ; that is,

with a great pace.]

1. Quick; fpeedily : ufed of things in
motion.

Or when the flying libbard fije did chace,
She could then nimbly move, and after fly »fact.

Sferfer,
Ay, quoth my uncle Glo'fter,
Small herbs have grace, great weeds do grow fl/)a«.
And fince, methinks, I would not grow fo faff,
Beciufc fweet fiow'rs are flow, and weeds make
hafte. Shakeffean.

He promis'd in his eaft a glorious race;
Now funk from his meridian, fets apace. Dryd.
Is r>ot he imprudent, who, feeing the tide
making hafte towards him apace, will fleep till
the li-a overwhelm him ? Tiltotfon.

2. With hafte ; applied to fame adlion.

The baron now his diamonds pours apace \
Th'embroider'd king, who Ihows buthalf his face.
And his refulgent qutrer. Pope's Rafie "f the Lock.

3. Haftily ; with fpeed : fpoken of any
kind of progreffion from one ftate to an-
other.

This fccond courfc of men.
With fome regard to what is juft and right.
Shall lead their lives, and multiply i2/><i». Mi! en.
The life and power of religion decays apace htre
and at home, while we arc fpreading the honour of
our arms far and wide through foreign nations.

Aritrtury.

If fenliblc pleafure, or real grandeur, be our
end, we /hall proceed apace to real mil'cry. l-f^atts,

Apago'gical. adj. [from aTrayayti, com-
pounded of avrJ, from, andaya), to bring
or draw.] An rt/i«g-(!_§^/W demonftration
is fiich as does not prove the thing di-
reaiy ; but (hews the impoflibility, or
abfurdity, which arifes from denying it ;
and is alfo called reduaio ad impojfihiie,
or ad abfurdum. Chambers.

Apa'rt. adv. [apart, Fr.]

1. Separately from the reft in place.

Since I enter into that queftion, it behoveth me
to give reafon for my opinion, with circumfpec-
tion ; becaufe I walk alide, and in a way apart
from the multitude. Rakifh.

The party difcerncd, that the earl of ElYtx
would never fcrve their turn j they refolvoj to have
another army apart, that fliould be at their devo-
tion. Clarendon.

2. In a ftate of diftinftion ; as, to fet apart
for any ufe.

He ii> fo very figurative, that he requires a gram-
mar apart, to conftriie him. Drycien.

The tyrant (hall demand yon facred load,
And gold and vcfick ki apart far Cod. Prior.

APE

3..Diftinaiy.

Mofes firft nameth heaven and earth, fufir.f;
waters but in the third place, as compreh'^:^'! i.-.
waters in the word earth ; but afterwr.,
nameth them apart, K .1 "

4. At a diftance ; retired from die oihcr
company.

So plcafc you, madam.
To put apart thele your attendants. libakefp*

Apa'rtment. «.y; [aparletnent, Fr.] A
part of the houfe allotted 10 the ufe of
any particular perfon ; a room ; a feJ
of rooms.

A private gallery 'twixt th' apa/ttiirnts led.
Not to the fie yet known. Sir y, Dtnhnm.

He pale as death, dcfpoird of his ariay,
Inro the queen's apartment takes his way. Dryd.

The mod confiderablc ruin is tiiac cti the eaftern
promontory, where are ftill fome apartments left
very higli and arched at top. Addijor.

A'pathy. n.f. [a, not, and TOaSo;, feel-
ing.] The quality of not feeling ; ex-
emption from paffion ; freedom from
mental perturbation.

Of good and evil much they argued then,
PalTion, and apathy, and glory, and Ihame.

Milton.

To remain infenfible of fuch provocations, is

not conftancy, but apathy. South.

In \iiy apathy let Stoicks boafl:
Their virtue fix'd ; 'tis fixed as in froft,
- Contraftcd all, retiring to the bread;

But ftrength of mind isexercife, not rell. Pope,
APE. n.f. [ape, Icelandifti.]

1 . A kind of monkey remarkable for imi-
tating what he fees.

I will bt: more newfangled than an ape, more
giddy in my defircs than a monkey. Sbakefp,

Writers report, that the heart of an ape, worn
near the heart;, cemforteth the heart, and i&creaf-
eth audacity. It is true, that the ape a a merry
and bold bcall. Bacon*

With glittering gold and fparkling gems ihey
llsine.
But aprs and monkeys are the gods within.

GrasivUie.

Celeftia! Beings, when of late they faw
A mortal man unfold all Nature's law,
Admir'd fuch knowledge in a human Oiape,
.■Vnd /how'd a Newton, as we fhow an ape. Pope,

2. An imitator ; ufed generally in the bad
fenfe.

Julio Romano, who, had he himfclf eternity,
and could put breath into his work, would beguile
Nature of her cullom : fo perfeftly he is her ape.

Sbakefpeare,

To Ape. <v. a. [horn ape] To imitate,
as an ape imitates human aflions.

Api"g the fneigners in every drcfs.
Which, bought at greater coft, becomes him lefs.

Dry den.
Curfe on the ftripling ! how he apes his fire !
Ambitiaufly fcntentious ! Addifcr,

Ape'ak, or Ape'ek. a</f. [probably from
a pique.] In apofture to pierce; formed
with a point.

.Vpepsv. n.f. [airi'4/ia.] A lofs of natural
concoction. ^irncv.

A'PF.K. n.f. [iromape.] A ridiculous imi-
tator or mimick.

Ape'rient. adj. [aperio, Lat. to open.]
That which has the quality of opening ;
chiefly ufed of medicines gently pur-
gative.

There be bracelets fit to comfort the fpirits;
and they be of three Intentions j refrigeraju, cor-
roborant, and aperient, Bacfn,
Of the ftcms of plants, fome contain a fine apt-
rient fait, and are diurccick and faponaceous.

Ari'urhiht,

N ApE'iin'ivg.

A P H

Ape'»itive. adj. [from aferie, Lat, to
open.] That which has the quality of
opening the excreiuentitious pafiagea oi
the body.

Thry nuy make broth, with the addition of
tpirlihi hcrbt. Harvey.

Ape'rt. adj. [opertus, Lat.] Open.
Ape'rtion, n.f. [from apcrius, Lat.]

A P I

1. -An opening; a paflage through any
thing; a gap.

Tlic next now in order are the apirtiirt ; under
which term I do comprehend doors, windows,
ftjirtales, chimneys, or other cuiiduin : in (hort,
all ♦nlcts or uuilett. fftii^n.

2. The acl of opening ; or ftate of being
opened.

1 he plenitude of vefTels, otherwife called the
^ethora, when it happens, caufeth an extrav-ifa-
tjon of blood, either by ruption or afirrkn of them.

ApE'RTtv. aJ-v. [afer/i, Lat.] Openly ;

without covert.
Ape'rtness. 11./. [i'rota aptrt,'] Open-
nefs. ' *

The freedom,' or afitrtiitfs and vigour of pro-
nouncing, and the cloi'encfs of muffiiug, and la-
ainefs of fpealcing, render the found ditr'erent.

HMcr.
A'perture. n./. [from afertut, open.}

1. The ail of opening.

Hence arifcth die facility of joining a confonant
to avowd, becaufe from an appulfc to inafennri
is calier than from one appulfe to another. HtUtr.

2. An open place.

If memory be made by the eafy motion of the
fpirits through the opened pafl'ages, images, with-
out doubc, paf» through tiic fame aptrturti,

Gixtfu'tlU.

3. The hole next the objeft glafs of a te-
lefcope or microfcope.

The concave metal bore an aptrture of an inch ;
but the aperture was limited by an opaque circle,
perforated in the middle. Ntiiitm'i Opticit.

4. Enlargement ; explanation : a fenie fel-
dom found.

It U too much untwiftcd by the doftors, and,
like philofophy, made intricate by explications,
and difficult by the aperture and diflblution of dif-
tin£lions. Taylor.

Are'r ALOVS. adj. [ofafriv. andw-tTaAsr,
a leaf.] Without petala or flower leaves.

Ape'talousnses. »./. [frotnapetalous.]
Being without leaves.

APEX. n.f. apices, plur. [Lat.] The tip
or point of any thing.
The apex, or lefTcr end of it, is broken ofT.

IVocditjnrJ.

jiPHj^RESIS. n.f. [a^ai'fjiri{.] A figure
in grammar, that takes away a lecter or
fyllable from the beginning of a word.

JPHE'LION. n. f apbelia, plur. [from
awo, and ii>,i®., the fun.] That part of
the orbit of a planet, in which it is at
the point remoteft from the fun.

The reafon why the comets move not in the
«odiack is, that, in ihcW ajhelia, they m.iy be at
the greatell diftances from one anotlier ( and con-
fe^ueotly difturb one another'* motions the lead
that may be. Ckeyne.

JPHETjI. n.f [with aftrologcrs.] The
name of the planet, which is imagined
to be the giver or difpofer of life in a
nativity. Diil.

Aphe'tical. ajj. [(lom apheta.'] Relat-
ing to the apheta.

,A»hila'nthropy.»./ [u, without, and

^i>.a»9{»iTii», love of mankind.] Want

of love to mankind.
A'pHOKY. n.f. [«, without, and ^^tr„

fpeech.] A lofs of fpeech. ^incy,

A'PHORISM. n.f. [if ojKTftof.] A maxim ;

a precept contracted in a (hort fentence ;

an unconnefled pofition;

He will cifily difcern how little of truth there
is in th; multitude; and, though fomctimei
they are flattcr.-d with that aphorij'm, will hardly
believe the voice of the pcop.e to be the voice of
God. Bnwn^s l^tilgar Krroun,

I ihall at prefent confiJer the apborijm, that i
man of religion and virtue is a m >re ulcful, and
confequently a mote valuable, member of a com-
munity. Rogen.

Aphori'stical. aJj. [from aphori/hi.'\
In tlie form of an apborifm ; in fcparate
and unconneiled fentences.

Aphor j'sTicALLY. ad-v. [from aphorif-
lica/.] In the form of an aphorifm.

Thefc being, cariicd down, feldom mifs a cure,
as Hippocrates doth Uktwayiaphcnjlica/ly tell us.

Har'vey.

Aphrooisi'acai...7 a^'. [from 'AcpfMv,
Aph rodisi'ack. 3 Venus.] Relating to

the venereal diieaif.
A'piARY. n.f. [t'roin apis, Lat. a bee.]

The place where bees are kept.

'I'hofe who a!C ikilled in bees, whfn they fee a
foreign fvvarm approaching to plunder their hives,
have a trick to divert tliem into fome neighbour. ng
apiary, there to make what bavock they pleafe.

Siulft.

jiPI'CES of afl(nx;er. [Lat. from apex, the
top.] Little knobs that grow on the tops
of the flamina, in the middle of a flower.
They arc commonly of a dark purpliih
colour. By the microfcope they have
been difcovered to be a fort of capfulee
feminaLs, of feed veflels, containing in
them fmall globular, and often oval par-
ticles, of various colours, and exqui-
fitely formed. ^lincy.

A P i'e c E . adv. [from a for each, and piece,
or fhare.] To the part or ftiare of each.

Men, in whofc mouths at firft fcundcd nothing
but mortification, were come to think that they
might lawfully have fix or feven wives apiece.

H»ier.
I have to-night difp,itched fixtecn bufineflcs, a
month's length aficee, by an abftraiSt of tuccels.

SfakeJ'feare.

One copy of this p.ipcr mayferveadczenof you,

which will be Itfs than a farthing apien. Sivifi.

A'pisH. adj. [from <i/t-.]

1. H.iving the qualities of an ape; imita-
tive.

Report of falhions in proud Italy,
Whfife manners ftill our turiyafj/j narion
Limps after, in bafe aukward imitation. Shatefp.

2. Foppifh ; afFefted.

Becaiile I cannot flatter, ard look fair.
Duck with French nodb, and afijh courtcfy,
I muft be held a rancorous eni-'iny. Shatefpeare.

3. Silly; trifling; infignificant.
All this is but iipijh fophiftry ; and, to give it a

name divine and excellent, is abulivc and unjult.

Olanvilie..

4. Wanton ; playful.

Gloomy lits the queen.
Till Jiappy chance reverts the crutl fcene ;
And :ipijh folly, with her wild refort
Of wit .md jefr, difturbs the folcmn court. Pr:'.r.

A'l'jSHLY. adv. [i\omap!/h.'\ In an apifli
manner ; foppilhly ; conceitedly.

A'piSHNESs. »./. [itomapip."] Mimickry ;
foppery ; infignificance ; playfulnefs.

A P O

Api'tpat. ad'V, [a word formed from the
motion.] With quick palpitation.

O there he comes— VVciComc my bully, my
back : agad, my heart has gone af'trfat tor yuu.

APLU'STRE. n.f [Latin.] The ancient
enfign carried in fea vefleh.

The one holds a fword in herb<ind, to reprcfent
the Iliad ; iS the other has an apluftre, to repre-
lent the OdylTcy, or vovate of Ulyllcs. Mthj-.K,

APO'C ALYPSE. ».'/[from iir<rxa?.i'^«.]
Revelation ; difcovery : a word ufed only
of the facred writings.

O for that warning vOi^e, which he who favir
Th' afocalyfje heard cry in heav'n aloud. Milten,
With this throne, of the glory of the Father,
compare the throne of the Son of God, as feen in
the apKalypje. Burmt'i Theory f the Eartb.

Apoc a l y'pti c a I., adj. [from apocafyp/e.l
Concerning revelation; containing re-
velation.

If we could underftand that fcene, at the open-
ing ct this apccalypiical theatre, we Aijuld find ic
a reprefentation of the majefty of our Saviour.

Burnetts Tkeiry cf the Earth.

Apocaly'ptically. adv. [from apo-
calyptical.] In fijch a manner as to re-
veal fomething fecret.

JPO'COPE. n.f. [ijrox3»J;.] A figure in
grammar, when the lift letter or lyllable
of a word is taken away ; as, ingeni, for
ingenii ; apoplex, for apoplexy.

ApocRu'stICK. adj. [airoxpaj-ixa, frOIR.

arrcy.^sa, to drive.] Remedies endued
with a repelling and aftringent power,
by which they prevent the too great
afflux of humours. Chambers,

APO'CRYPHA. n.f [from i:ro^5,;A., to
put out of fight.] Books not publickly
communicated ; books whofe authors are
not known. It is ufed for the books
appended to the facred writings, which,
being of doubtful authors, arc lefs re-
garded.

We hold not K.Y\e apocrypha for facred, as we do
the holy fcripture, but for human compofitions.

Hnicr,

Aro'cKYPH At. adj. [from apocrypha.]

1. Not canonical ; of uncertain authority-.
Jeroni, who faith that all writings not cano-
nical ate apxryphal, ufcs not the title epn.ryfkai aa
the reft ot the fathers ordinarily have done, whole
cuftom is fo to name, for t„? moft part, only fuch
as might not publickly be r'ad or divulged. H'.eier,

2. Contained in the apocrypha.

To fpeak of her in the words of the apocrypiai
writers, wifdom is glorious, and never ladccii
away_. Aidijin.

3. It is fometimes ufed for an account of
uncertain credit.

Apo'cryph ally. ad-v. [from apocry~

phal.] Uncertainly ; not indifputably.
Apo'cryph aln ESS. n.f. [from apocry-
phal.] Uncertainty; doubtfulnefs of cre-
dit.
.Apodi'ctical. adj. [fromairoJiilKi evi-
dent truth ; demonftration.] Demon-
ftrative ; evident beyond contradiftion.

Holding an <i/'5i/i(^/;rfl/ knowledge, and an alfuted
knowledge'of it ; verily, to perfuade their appre-
henlions otherwife, were to make an Euclid be-
lieve, that there were more than one centre in a
circle. Brczvri'i Vulgar Errcuri.

We can fay all at the number three ; therefore
the world is pcrfeft. Tobit went, and his dog
foll.iwed him ; therefore there is a world in the
moon, were <ut argument as aptijiilical. Glamil/e.

APOM'XIS.

A P O

JPODI'XIS. n.f. [a3-J/;|.(.] Demonftra-

tion. -O"*-

APOGuEON. 1 n.f. [from a.Ttl, from, and

A'poGEE. >y\> the earth.] A point

JPOGE'UM. 3 in the heavens, in which

the fun, or a planet, is at the grcateft

diftance poffible f»mn the earth in its

whole revolution. The ancient aftro-

noniers regarding the earth as the centre

of the fyftem, chiefly regarded the apo-

gxon and perigaeon, wliich the moderns,

making the fun the centre, change for

the aphelion and perihelion. Chambers.

Tliy lin is in his ufogaofi placed,
Ar.J when it movetli next, muft needs defcend.

Fairfjx,
It is yet not agreed in what lime, precifely,
the ajxgimm abfolveth ore degree.

Brmvni Vulgar Ernurs.

Apologe'tical. ") adj. [fromir^Xoyi'iu, to

Apoloce'tick. J defend.] That which

is faid in defence of any thing or perfon.

1 drfign -.0 publilh an eflay, the greater part of

which is<i^/tj«;c<i/,toronel:)rtot'chymifts. Boylt.

Apoloce'tically. ad'v. [homafcloge-

tical.] In the way of defence or exxul'e.

Apo'logist. n. /. [fiom To apologize.]

He that makes an apology ; a pleader

in favour of another.

To Apo'logize. v. n. [from apology.^

1 . To plead in favour of any perlon or thing.

It will be much more feafinabie to leiorm than
Mohgixe or rhetoricate; and therefore it imports
thofe, who dwell fecure, to look about them.

Decay i,f Fitly.

2. It has the particle /ar before the fubjeft
of apology.

I ou^ht zo ap'Jogixt fir my indifcretion in the
wh')Ie undertaking. Watt'tPreparal'r.nfcr Death.
The trandator nieds not it^hgiz.1 for ni« choice
of this piece, which was made in his childhood.

P'.pe't Preface to Statim.
A'POLOGUE, n.f. [«7^«^67®-.] Fable ; ftory
contrived to te.ich fome moral truth.

An •ifohgue of /Silup is beyond a fyllnglim, and
proverbs more powerful than dem'inftrjiion.

Brenvrt^i fnlga^- Erraurt.
Some men are remailceJ for pleal'antnels in rail-
lery j others for afo.'cguei and appofite diverting
ftorie^. Loeti

APCLOGV. tt.f. [apologia, Lat. iiro-
Xoyi*.]

1. Defence; excufe. Jpology generally
figniiies rather excufe than vindication,
and tends rather to extenuate the fault,
than prove innocence. This is, how-
ever, fomctimes unregarded by writers.

In Iier face excufe
Came prologue, and apology too prompt ;
Which with bland words at will flie thus addrefs'd.

MUun.

2. It hasyir before the objeft of excuie.

It is nit my intention to make an apcbgy fcr my
fK/cm : fume will think it needs no excufe, anit
others will rectivc none. Dryden.

I ftiill neither trouble the reader, nor mylclf,
with any ap'Aogj for publifhing of thefe fermons ;
for if tUoy be, in any meafure, truly ferviccable to
tlie end tor which they are dcfigned, I d."> not Ut
what af'Jogy is nccclTary ; and if they be not fo, 1
am fure nore can be fufficlent. TiUbffon.

Apomeco'metry.b./ [«Tr3,from, n?x®-
diftancc, and/.<.i)^i'«,torneafure.] The art
of meafuring things at a diftance. Di3.

JPONEURO^&IS. n.f., [from i^ri, from,
and ttv^ot, a nerve.] An expanfion of
a nerve into a membrane.

A P O

When a eyft rifes near the orifice of the artery,
it is formed by the afoneurcfu that runs over the
ven"e!, which becomes eiceflivcly expanded.

Sbjifi Surgery.

JPO'PHJSIS. n.f. [Lat. iw^JiacrK, a de-
nying.] A figure in rhetorick, by which
the orator, fpeaking ironically, ieems to
wave what he would plainly infinuate ;
as. Neither ivill I mention thofe things,
rwhich if I Jhould, you notwithfiavding
could neither confute or J peak agaiitji them.
Smith's Rhetorick.

Apophle'gmatick. n.f. [aTro and fTUy
fio..'] That which has the quality of
drawing away phlegm.

Apophle'gm atism. n.f. [aws and (pxiy-
fta.] A medicine of which the inten-
tion is to draw phlegm from the blood.

And fo it is in afrjphlcgmunjnn and ij-irgarilms,
that draw the rheum d.nvn by the palate. Bjciit.

Apophlegma'tizant. n.f. [xvl and
^hiyjjisi.] Any remedy wliich caufcs an
evacuation of ferous or mucjus humour
by the noftrils, as particular kinds of

fternutatories.

!;>.

umcy.

A'poPHTHECM. n.f, [iw'^Siy^a.] Are
markabie faying ; a valuable maxim
uttered on fome fudden occafion.

Wc may ma^jnify the apophihigms, or reputed
replies of wildom, whereof many are to be fcen
in Laeilius and Lycolihrncs. Brcivnt Vutg. Err.
1 had a mind tu collect and digeli fuch obfer^a-
tions and apf'pbtbigmt, as tend to the proof of t'lat
great airertion. All is vanity. Priir.

APO'PHIGE. n.f. [xTT'.<pvyr., flight, or
efcape.] Is, in architcrture, that part
of a column, where it begins to (pring
out of its bafe ; and was originally no
more than the ring or ferrel, which an-
ciently bound the extremities of wooden
pillars, to keep them from ipHtting,
and were afterwards imitated in ftone
work. We fometimes call it the fpring
of the column. Chambers.

APO'PHVSIS. n.f [i-ri^vai:.] The pro-
minent parts of fome bones ; the lame
as procels. it differs from an epiphyfis,
as it is a continuante of the bone it-
felf ; whereas the latter is fomewhat ad-
hering to a bone, and of which it is
not properly a part. i^imy.

It is tiie apuphyjii, or head, of the os tibisc, whicli
makes the knee. tyijcman't Surgery.

Appple'ctical. aJj, [from apoplexy.']
Relating to an apoplexy.

AVe meet with the fame complaints of gravity
in lis ing bodies, when tlie faculty locomotive foems
abolilbcd ; as may be obfjtved in fupportirg perfons
inebriated, ^popliUkal, or in lipotbymies and fwnon-
inga. £ii.tvn't t^ulgar Errcurt,

In an apifUSlica! cafe, he fmnd extravniatcd
blood making way liom the ventricles of the brain.

Derham.

Apop l e'cti c k. adj. [from apoplexy.'] Re-
lating to an apoplexy.

A lady wai feiica with an ap.p/tPici fit, which
afterward terminated in fome kiud of lethargy.

ffifcinan.

A'popLEX. ».y; [See Apoplexy.] Apo-
plexy. The lall fyllable is cut away ;
but this is only in poetry.

Piefent punirtiment purines his maw.
When forfeited and fwiill'd, the peacock raw
He bears into t)iL bath; whence want of breath,
ReplctioiM, epiplix, intcftatc death. Uryiin.

A P O

A'popLEXED. oi^r. [from «/5//^.v.] Seized
with an apoplexy. •'

Senfe, fure, you have,
Elfe cculd you not have motion : but fure that ffnfe
Is apoflcx'd. !ihjleJf.eM-c.

ATOPLEXY. n.f. [i7ro'7r^»|K.] A fud-
den deprivation of all internal and ex-
ternal fenfation, and of all motion, nn.
lefs of the heart and thorax. The caufe
is generally a repletion, and indicates
evacuation, joined with ftimuli. ^iucy.

Apiplexy is a fudden abolition of all the Senfcs,
external snd internal, and of all voluntary motion,
by the ftoppa^c of the flux and lelinx of tiie animal
fpitits thiough the nerves dertined for tholb mo-
tijjns. Arhuthnot on Divt*

I'cace -3 a very a^5f/w_y, lethargy, mulled, deaf,
fleepy, inlcniible. !ihakcjpc.ire't Ccriolanus.

A fever may take away my reafon, or memory,
and an apoplexy leave neither fenfe nor underftand-

ing.

Lockem

APO'RIA. n.f. [iiropia.] Is a figure in
rhetorick, by which the fpeaker fhews,
that he doubts where to begin for the
multitude of matter, or what to fay i«»
fo«e llr.inge and ambiguous thing ;
and doth, as it were, argue the cafe
with himfelf. Thus Cicero fays. Whe-
ther he took them from his fellows more im~
pudently, gatie them to a harlot more laf~
ei-vioi(Jly, remo-vcd them from the Roman
people more luickedly, or altered them more
prefumptuoujly, I cannot iijcll declare.

Smith's Rhetorick.

APORRHO'EA, n.f. [aTrofpi^r,.] Efflu--
vium-; emanation ; ibraething emitted
by another : not in ufe.

The reafon of this he endeavours to make out
by atomical aporrlceas, which palTing from the
crucntate weapon to the wound, and being incor-
porated with the particles of the falve, carry them
to the .iiTctle.1 jiart. Glunviile's Scepjis,

APOSJOPE'SIS. n.f [iTTojtJwnai?, froni-
iva, after, ffnd irtuTrau, to be filent.]
A form of fpeech, by< which the fpeaker,
through fome affedion, as forrow, bafh-
fulnei's, fear, anger, or vehemency,
breaks off his fpeech before it be all
ended. A figure, when, fpeaking of a
thing, we yet feein to conceal it, though
indeed we aggravate it ; or when the
courfe of the lentence begun is fo flayed,
.as thereby fome part of the fentcnce,
not being utt^ed, may be underflood.

Smith's Rhetorick.

Apo'stasy. n.f. [aTTOi-acri;.] Departure-
from what a man has profefTed : it is
generally applied to religion ; fome-
times with the particle //w/).

The canon law dinacs ap'-Jicfy to be a wilful de-
parture from that ftatc of faith, which any pt-rfcn
his proftffed himfelf to hold in tlie Chriftian church.
Ayliffe's Purergoti.
The affable archangel had forewarn'd
Adam, by due example, to beWare
ApuJIafy, by what bclel in heav'n
To thofe apoftates. , Milton,

Vice in us were not only wlckednefs, but aprfta-
Jy, de^ienerate wickednefs. Sprat,

Whoever do give dift'erent worrtiipt, muft bring
in more gods ; which is an apajlafy from one God.

Siillingjieet.

APO'STATE. n.f [apojlata, Lat. aro-

r«T»ic.] One that has fbifaken his pro-

fcfEon ; generally applied to one that-

has left his religion.

The angels, for 'oilobcdiencf, thou'Uaft rcfevvei

N i t4 i*'

.A -'

A P O

M * mtfcrable immortality; bat uato man, equally
rtbellious, e()ually aftfljle frtm thee and guodnefs,
thou haft given a Saviour. Rcgers*i Serm^tti,

jtfeSaiti in point of faith, arc, according to the
civil law, I'ubjeA unto all puniflimenta ordained
againti hereticks. -^lif'-

Aposta'tical. aJJ. [from apofiate.\ Af-
ter the manner of an apollate.
To wear turbants is an tifcfiatical conformity.

SanJyi.

Te Apo'statize. v. n. [from apoftate.'\
To forfake one's profeffion : it is com-
monly ufed of one who departs from his
religion.

None revolt from the faith, becaufe they muft
not look upon a woman to luft after her, but becanfe
they are reftrained from the perpetration of their
lufts. If wanton glance^, and lib! iinous thoughts,
had been permitted by the gofpel, they would have
aptjlatntd nevcrthelefc Bntky.

TV Apo'stemate. f. ». \imm apoftemeJX
To become an apofteme ; to fwcU and
corrupt into matter.

There is care to be taken in abfceflSra Tjf the
breaft and belly, in danger of breaking inwards;
yet, by opening tbefe too foon, they fometimei
afofttKote again, and become crude. fyifctr.an.

Apostema'tion. n.f. [from apojiemate.]
The formation of an apofteme ; the ga-
thering of a hollow purulent tumour.

Nothing can be more admirable than the many
ways nature hath provided for preventing, or cu-
ring of fevers ; as, vomitings, «/i^oB«f;«ij, faliva-
tions, fife. Grnv.

A'posteme. 7 «./ [<liror»/ia.] A hollow
A'postume.J fwelling, filled with pu-
rulent matter ; an abfcefs.

Wiih equal propriety we may affirm, that ulcers
of the lungs, or afoftemei of the brain, do happen
only in the left fide. Brmin'i Vulgar Errours.
The opening of apoflcmis, before the fuppura-
tioD be perfefled, wcakeneth the heat, and renders
them crude. H^ifcmar..

APO'STLE. n.f. [apofiolus. Lat. anoro-
A®..] A perfon fent with mandates by
another. It is particularly applied to
them whom our Saviour deputed to
preach the gofpel.

But all hit mind is bent to holinefs ;
His champions are the prophets and afifila.

Shakeffiare.

I am far from pretending infallibility; that
would be to eredl myfelf into an afifite': a pre-
fumption in any one that cannot confirm what he
fays by miracles. i„,i,.

We know but a fmill part of the notibn of an
cftfiU, by knowmg barely that he is fent forth.

}ye:ts'$ Ligick.

Apo'stleship. »./ [froma/o/?/;.] The
office ot dignity of an apoftle.

Where, becaufe faith is in too low degree,
1 tliought it fome afriftUJhif in me
To fpeak things, which by faith alone 1 fee. Donnt.
GoJhath ordered it, that St. Paul hath writ
epiftles ; which are all confined within the bufi-
Dcfs of his afMrfi'if, and fo contain nothing but
points of Chrinian ir.ftruftion. Lockt.

Aposto'lical, adj. [from apoJlolUk .'\
Delivered or taught by the apoftles ;
belonging to the apoftles.

Tliey acknowledge not, that the cbtfrch keeps

«ny thing as aftfitlka!, which is not found in the

: apofUes writings, in what other records foever it

Declare yourfelf forthatchurch which is founded
opon fctiptutc, reafon, t/a/lolkal praaice, and an-
♦'"JO'ty- ^ //«,>^.

Apo»to'li c ALLY. bJv. [from apofitlical.']
In the manner of the apolUes.

Aposto'licalne5». a./ [from afvfioli.

A P O

ra/.] The quality of relating to the
apoftles ; apollolical authority.
Aposto'lick. adj. [from apofilt. The
accent is placed by Dryden on the
antepenult.] Taught by the apoftles ;
belonging to an apoftle.

Their oppofitions in maintenance of publick h-
perltition againft apujlidick endeavours, were vain
and frivolous. llmker.

Or where did I at fore tradition ftrike.
Provided ftill it were afcflolUkf Dfydtn.

APO'STROPHE. n.f. [i^or^oipn, from
awo, from, and rj/pw, to turn.]

1. In rhetorick, a diverfion of fpeech to
another perfon than the fpeech appoint-
ed did intend or require ; or, it is a
turning of the fpeech from one perfon
to another, many times abruptly. A
figure when we break off the courfe of
our fpeech, and fpeak to fome new per-
fou, prefent or abfcnt, as to the people
or witneffes, when ' it was before di-
refted to the judges or opponent.

Smith's Rhetorick.

2. In grammar, the contraftion of a word
by the ufe of a comma, as, tha' , for
though ; rep" for reputation.

Many laudable attempts have been made, by
abbreviating words with apajirafba ; and by lop-
ping polyfyllables, leaving one or two fyllables at
moil. Siifif!.

To Apo'strophize. v. h. [from apo-
Jlrophe.'\ To addrefs by an apoftrophe.

1 here is a peculiarity in Homer's manner of
apojlro^bix'mg Eumaeus, and fpeaking of him in
the fecond perfon : it is generally applied only to
men of account. Pope,

A'posTUME. »./ SeeAposTEME. [This
word is properly apcflcm.'] A hollow
tumour filled with purulent matter.

How an npojiume in the mefentcry, breaking,
caufes a confumption in the parts, is apparent.

Harvey.

To A'posTUME. v.n. [from apojlume.] To
apoftemate. Dii3.

Apo'thecary. n. /. [npotheca, Lat. a
repofitory.] A man whofe employment
is to keep medicines for fale.

Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to

fweeten my imagination. Shekefp. King Lear.

They have no other doflor but the fun and the

freflj air, and that fuch an one, as never fends

them to the apcthecary. South.

Wand'ring in the dark,
Phyficians, for the tree, have found the bark ;
They, lab'ring for relief of human kind,
With fliarpen'd fight fome remedies may find;
Th' apothecary -tx^m is wholly blind. Diyden.

A'pOTHEGM.B./ [ properly apophthegm i
which fee. ] A remarkable faying.

By frequent converfing with him, and fcattering
ihort apothegmi, and little picafant ftories, and
making ufeful applications of them, his fon was,
in his infancy, taught to abhor vanity and vice as
monfters. IValtcnt Life of Sandcrfin.

Apothe'osis. n.f. [asroSiwa-i;.] Deifica-
tion ; the rite of adding any one to the
number of gods.

As if it could be graved and painted omnipo-
tent, or the nails and the hammer could give it an
afottee/ii. Siutb.

Allots the prince of his celeftial line
An apitheojis, and rites divine. Garth.

Apo'tomb. n.f. [from ivorfuiu, to cut

off.]
I. InmaUiemaucks, th? remainder or dif-

A P P

ftretice of two incommenfnrable qaan«
tiiies.

z. In mufick, it is the part remaining of
an entire tone, after a greater femiione*
has been taken from it. The propor-
tion in numbers of the npctome, is that
of 2048 to 2187. The Greeks thought
that the greater tone could not be di-
vided into two equal parts ; for which
reafon they called the firft part atr!iTe/iii,
and the other >7iy,»«. Chamhers.

A'pozem. n.f. [as-l, from, and {ta, to
boil] A decoflion ; an infafion made
by boiling ingredients.

During this evacuation, he took opening broths

and apoaems. IVifcman'i Surgery,

Squirts read Garth till apoxems grow cold. Gay,

To APPA'L. 'V. a. [^appalir, Fr. It might
more properly have been written ap-
pale.] To fright; to ftrike with fud«
den fear ; to deprds ; to difcourage.

Whilft ihe fpake^hcr great word^ did appal
My feeble courage, and my heart opprefs,
That yet I quake and tremble over ail. Fairy £^

Give with thy trumpet a loud note to Troy,
Thou dreadful Ajax ; that th' apfalUd air
May pierce the head of thy great combatant.

Shakijpeare^

The houfe of peers was fomewhat appalled at

this alarum ; but took time to conlidcr of it till

next day. Clarendon,

Does neither rage inflame, nor fcar appal.
Nor the black fear of death that faddens all ? Fafc

The mrnfter curls
His flaming creft, all other thirft appall'd,
Or fliiv'ring flies, or choak'd at dillance ftands.

Tbomfofft

ApPA'LEMErrT. n.f. [from appal.] De-
preffion ; difcouragement ; impreilion of
fear.

As the furious Daughter of them was a great
difcuuragement and appaiement to the reft.

Bacon i Hinry VII,

A'p P A N A o E. n.f. [nppanagium, low Latin ;
probably from pants, bread.] Lands fet
apart by princes for the maintenance of
their younger children.

He became fuitor for the earldom of Chefter, X
kind of appanage to Wales, and ufing to go to the
king's fon. Bacon,

Had he thought it fit
That wealth (hould be the appanage of wit.
The God of light could ne'er have been fo blind,
To deal it to the worft of human kind. Sivifr,

Appara'tus. n.f. [Latin.] Things pro-
vided as means to any certain end, as
the tools of a trade ; the furniture of a
houfe } ammunition for war ; equipage j
ftiow.

There is an apparatus of things previous to be
adjuHcd, before 1 come to the calculation itfelf.

1Voodv>arJ,
Ourfelves are eafily provided for ; it is nothing
but the circumftantials, the apparatui or equipage
of human life, that coits fo much.

Pope's Letters to Gay^

APPA'REL. n.f. It has no phiral. [tip.
pared, Fr.]

1. Drefs ; vefture.

1 cannot cog and fay, that thou art this and that^
like many ot thofe lifping hawthorn buds, that
come like women in men's apparel, and fmell like
BucklerHiury in fimpting time.

Sbakefpeari' i Merry ffives of fKindfor,

2. External habiliments.

Our late buint London, in apparel new,
Shook oft' her afhes to have treated you. ffaller.
At pubtic]( devotion, his rcfigotd carriage made

iciigiM

A P P

rttigioa appear in the natural afpanl of -fimpll-
city. Tathr.

To Appa'rei. 1/. a. [fiom apparel, the
noun.]

1. To drefs ; to clothe.

With fuch robes were the king's d.lughters that
■Vtttv\-!%mi afptireUed. 2 Sam. xiii. 18.

Both combatants were tfftrelled only in theii
doublets ar.d hofes. Hay-uiard.

2. To adorn with drefs.

She did appanl her apparel, and with the pre-
cioufneis of her body made it mort fumpCuous.

Sidney,

J. To cover, or deck, as with drefs.

You may have trees affarelUd with flowers, by
boring holes in them, and putting into them ca.th,
and fetting feeds of riolets. Bacait.

Shelves, and rocks, and precipices, and gulfs,
being appardUd with a verdure of plants, would
refcmble mountains and valleys. BiniUy^i Scrm.
4. To fit out ; to furnilh : not in ufe.

It batli been agreed, that either of them (hould
fend (hips to fea well manned and apparelled to
fight.^ Sir J. Hayward.

Appa'rent. aJ/. I apparent, Fr. apparens,
Lat.]

1. Plain; indubitable; not doubtful.

The main principles of reafun are in thcm-
felves apparent. For to make nothing evident of
itfcif unto man's underftanding, were to take
away all polTibiUty of knowing any thing. Hooker.

2. Seeming; in appearance ; not real.

The perception intelieclive often correils the
report of phantaly, as in the apparent bignefs of
the fun, the apparent crookedncls of the ftati' in
air and water. HaUi Origin cf Mankind.

3. Vifible ; in oppolition to/ecret.

What fecret imaginationi we entertained is
known to God ; this is apparent, that we have
not behaved ourfelves, a$ if we preferved a grate-
ful remembrance of his mercies. Auerbury.

The outward and apparent fanftity of ailions
Should flow from purity of heart. Revert.

4. Open ; evident ; known ; not merely
fufpefted.

As well the fear of harm, as harm apparent.
In my opinion ought to be prevented,

Shaiefpeare s RichjrdUl.

5. Certain ; not prefumptive.

He is the next of blood
And heir apparent to the Engiilh crown.

Shaiifpiere's Henry VI.

Appa'hent. ». / Eliipticaily ufed for
heir apparent.

Draw thy fwprd in right.
—I'll draw it as apparent to the crown.
And in that quarrel ufe it. Sbakefp. Henry Vl.
Appa'rently. adv. [from apparent.^
Evidently ; openly.

Arreft him, officer ;
I would not fpare my brother in this cafei
If he ihould fcom me fo apparently,

Shakifpeare't Comedy of Erreuri.

Vices apparently tend to the impairing of men's

he»>t!i. ^ Tilktfin.

Appari'tion. «./ [from appareo, La.t.
to appear.]

1. Appearance ; vifibility.

When fudden'y ftood at my head a dream,
Whofe inward appariti.n gently mov'd
My fancy. Milim.

My retirement tempted me to divert thofc me-
lancholy thoughts which the new apparitioni o(
foreign invafion and domeftic difc»ntent gave us.

Denbttm.

2. The thing appearing; a form ; a vi-
fible objeft.

I have mark'd
A thoufand blnfhing apparitiont
To ftart into her face j a thoufand innjc»nt

fhames
In asgei w1ukdc1« bear away tliofe blufbes. Sbak.

A P P

A jlorJoBS tpferition 1 had no doubt,
And carnal fear, that day dimm'd Adam's eyes.

MJ:on.

Any thing befides may take frotti me the fenf;
of what appeared ; which appariiim, it feems, was
>'"«• Tat/er.

3. A fpeftre ; a walking fpirit.

Horatio fays 'tis but our phant.ify,
Touching this dreaded fijhc twice fecnof us;
Thcrerorc I h.ire inrreatcd him.
That if again this apparition come.
He may approve our eyes, and Ipeak to it.

Shakejpearis Hamlet.

Tender minds rtinuld not receive eajly inipref-
fions of goblins, fpr(ftres, and app'iritims, where-
with maids fright them into compliance. Locke.

One of thofe apparitions had his right band
filled with darts, which he brandiihed in the face
of ail wiio came up that way. Tatkr.

4. Something only apparent, not real.

Still there's lumething

That checks my joys 1

— Nor can I yet diftinguifh

Which is an apparition, this or that. Den. Sophy.

5. Aftronomically, the vifibility of foaie
luminary, oppofed to eccultation.

A month of apparition is the fpace wherein the
moon appcareth, deduifting three days wherein it
commoi-ly difappeareth ; and this containeth but
twenty-fix days and twelve hours.

Broivns Vulgar Erroun.

Appa'ritors. a./, [from appareo, Lat.

to be at hand.]
I . Such perlbns as are at hand to execute

the proper orders of the magiftrate or

judge of any court of judicature. Ayliffe.
z. The lowell officer of the ecclefiaftical

court ; a fummoner.

They fival lowed all the Roman hierarchy, from
the pope to the apparitcr. Ayliffe's Parergon.

To Appa'y. -v. a. \appayer, old Fr. to fa-
lisfy.]

1. To fatisfy ; to content: whence m^ell
appayed, is pleafed ; ;'// appayed, is un-
eaj'y. It is now obfolete.

How well appaid flie was her bird to find !

Sidney.

I am well appaid that you had rather believe,

than take the pain of a long pilgrimage. Camden.

So only can high juftice reft afpaid. Milton.

2. The fenfe is obfcure in thefe lines :

Ay, Willy, when the heart is ill alTay'd,
How can bagpipe or joints be well appaid!" Spenfcr,

To APPE'ACH. -v. a.
I. To accufe
fon.

He did, amongll many others, appeacb Sir Wil-
liam Stanley, the lord chamberlain.

Bacon's Henry VII.
Were he twenty times
My fon, I would apptach him. Sbakefp. Rich. II.

Difclofe
The .late of your afFeftion ; for your paflions
Have to the full appeaihcd. Sbakejpeare.

z. To cenfure ; to reproach ; to taint
with accufation.

For when Cymochles faw the foul reproach.
Which themappeethed; frick'd with guilty (h.ime,

And inward grief, he fierc-ly gen approach,
Refolv'd to put away that lordly fliame. Fairy Si.

Norcanft, nor durft thou, traitor, on thy pain,
Appeacb my honour, or thine own maintain.

DryJen.
•\ppe'achment. ». / [from appeac/j.]
Charge exhibited againft any man ;
accufation.

A bufj-licaJed man gave firft light to this ap-
pemhmer.t ; but the eari di.l avouch it. Hnyward.

The duke's anfwers to his appeachments, in
number thirteen, I find civilly CvusbfJ. TVet^im.

to inform againfl any per-

A P P

■nAPPE'AL. nj.n. [appel/o. Lit.]

1. To transfer a caule from one to an-
other ; with the particles to and/rom.

From the ordinary therefore they appeal to themj
'"'Jj;"- Hooker:

2. To refer to another as judge.
Force, or a declared fign if force, upon the

perfon of another, where there is no common
fuperior on earth to appeal to for relief, is the
ftate of war; and it is the want of fuch an ap-
peal gives a man the right of war, even againft an
aggredbr, though he be in fociety, and a feliow-
'■"^^j',<^^- , Locke.

1 hey knew no foe, but in the open field
And to their caufe and to the gods appcal'd.

Stepney.

3. To call another as witnefs.

Whether this, that the fiul always thinks, be
afelr-cvidentpiopofjcion, I appeal to mankind.
rp , Locke..

4. To charge witli a crime ; to accui'e : a
term of law.

One but flatters us.
As well appeareth by the caufe you come.
Namely, t' appcaUmh other of high treafon.

, Shakefpeare,

Appe al. 71./. [from the verb To appeal.^
I. An appeal is a provocation /ri?/« an in-
ferior /» a fuperior judge, whereby the
jurifdiftion of the inferior judo-e is for
a while fufpended, in refpciifof the
caufe ; the cognizance being devolvec^
to the fuperior j udge. Jy life's Parerg.

This ring
Deliver them, and your appeal to us
There make before them, Sbakefp. Henry VIIT,

Our reafon prompts us to a future ftate.

The laft appeal from fortune mi from fate.

Where God's all-righteous ways will be declii'd.'

, Drydcn.

There are diftributers of juftice, from whom

there lies an appeal to the prince. Mdfon.

I. In the common law.

An accufation ; which is a lawful declaratiarl
of another man's crime before a competent judge,
by one that fets his name to the declaration, and
undertakes to prove it, upon the penalty that
may enfue of the contrary ; more commonly ufed
for the private accufation cf a murderer, by a
party who had intereft in the party murdered, and
of any felon, by one of his accomplices in the

^^^' Cornell.

The duke's imjuft.
Thus to retort your manifeft appeal.
And put your trial in the villain's mouth,
Which here you come to accufe. Shakefpcare.

Haft thou, according to thy oath and bond, '
Brought hither Henry Hereford, thy bold fon.
Here to make good the boift'rous late appeal
Againft the duke of Norfolk ? Shakijpears,

3. A fummons to anfwer a charge.

Nor Oiall the facved charailer of king
Be urg'd to ihield me from thy b.)ld appeal;
If I have injur'd thee, that makes us tcjiial, Dryd.

4. A call upon any as witnefs.

The cafting up of the 1

yes, ,ind lifting up of

the hands, is a kind of appeal to the Deity, the

author of wonders. Bacon,

Appe'alant. n. /. [from appeal.} He

that appeals.

Lords appealantt.
Your diff'rences fhall all reft undar gage.
Till we alTign you to your days of trial. Sbakefp,

A p p e'a L E R . ». /. [from appeal, j One who

makes an appeal.
To APPE'AR. --v. n. [appareo, Lat.]
I. To be in fight ; to be vilible.

As t.,c lcpri4yfl/./)M«/i in the Ikin of the flc/Ji.
Lcii. xiii. 43^
And half her knee and half her breaft appear.
By art, like nes''S<"C«> dtfcios'd and bare. Prior,

2. To

A P P

A P P

A P P

2. To become vifible as a fpirit.

For I have afpmrcd unto th« for this purp^ft, to
make thee a minilier and a witnefs. jIRt, xxvi. i6.

3. To ftand in the prefence of another,
generally ufcd of ftanding before fome
iuperiour ; to offer hirafelf to <he judg-
ment of a tribunal.

When fliaU I come and afftar before God ?

Pfalm, xlii. z.

4. To be the objeft of obfervation.

Let thy work afftar unto thy fervants, and
thy glory unto their chilJrep. Pfalmy %z. 16.

5. To exhibit one's felf before a court of
juftice.

Keep comfort to you, and this mnrmng fee
You do affpeitr before them. §hakefp. Hen, VUI.

6. To be made clear by evidence.

Egfrid did utterly wade and lubdue it, as up-
pears out of Beda's complaint againfl him j and
£dg>r brought it under his obedience, as appeart
by an ancient record. . Spenferi inland,

7. To feem, in oppofition to reality.

His firft and principal care being to app^.tr unto
his people, fuch as he would have them be, and
to be <iich as he appeared. Sidney.

My nobie roafter will appear
Such as he is, full of regard and honour. Sbaie/p.

S. To be plain beyond difpute.

From experiments, ufeful indications may be
taken, as v.U\ appear by what follows. j^iiL:inot.
Appe'aRANCB. n.f. [from To app(ar.'\

1. The aft of coming into fight ; as, they
were furprifed by the fudden appearance
of the enemy.

2. The thing feen ; as, the remarkable
uppearetncts in the iky.

3. Phcenomena ; that quality of any thing
which is vifible.

The advancing day of experimental knowledge
difclofeth fuch appearances, as will not lie even in
any model extant. Ciar.'ville's Zapfis.

4. Semblance ^ not reality.

He encreafed in ellimatton, whether by delUny,
rr whether by his virtues, or at lead by his ap-
pearances of virtues. Hayward.

Heroic virtue did his a£iions guide.
And he the fubftance not th' appearance chofe.

Vrydcn.

The hypocrite would not put on the apf.arar.ce
«f virtue, if it was not the moft proper means to
gain love. Add\j,n.

5. Outfide ; (how.

Under a fair and beautiful appearance there
{hould ever be the real fubltance of good. Rogers.

6. Entry into a place or company.

Do the fame juftice to one another, which will
be done us hereafter by thofe, who (hall make
their appearance in the world, when this generation
is no more. Addifcn.

y. Apparition ; fupernatural vifibility.

1 think a pcrlbn terrified with the imagination
of fpeflres, more reafonable than one who thinks
the appearance of fpirits fabulous. Addifon.

8. Exhibition of the perfon to a court.

I will not tarry ; no, nor ever more
Upon this bufincfs my appearance make
In any of their courts. Shakcfp. Henry VIII.

Q, Open circumftance of a cafc.
Or grant her palTion be fmcere.
How ftiall his innocence be clear ?
Appearances were all fo ftrong.
The world mull think him in the wrong. Swift.

10. Prefence; mien.

Health, wealth, vidlory, and honour, are in-
troduced j wifdora enters the laft, and fo capti-
vates with her appearcjnce, tliat he gives bimfelf up
to her- _ _ _ Addifin.

11. Probability; feeming ; likelihood.

There is that which hath no appearance, that
this pricll being utterly unacquainted wltli the
true peifon, according to wliofe p altera he Ihuuld

Ihape Kiicounteifeit, ftiould think It poflible fur
him to InftruO his p!a)er. Baecn.

AfPE'ARER.n,/. [ from To oppiar.l The
perfon that appears,

Thit owh anil ravens are ominous apptarirs,
and prefignify unlucky evcntsi, was an wgurial
conception. Brotvn,

App ERASABLE, aeij. [from To appea/e.']
That may be pacified ; reconcileable.

Appe'asableness. n.f. [from To ap-
pea/e.] The quality of being eafily ap-
peafed ; reconcileablenefs.

To APPE'ASE. 'V. a. [appai/er, Fr.]

1. To quiet ; to put in a Hate of peace.

By his counfel he aplcalith the deep, and
planteth iflands therein. Ecclus. xliii. 13.

England had no Icifure to think of reformation,

till the civil wars were appcajed, and peace Icttled.

Do'vies on Ireland.

2. To pacify ; to reconcile ; to ftill wrath.

So Simon was appcajed towards them, and
fought no more againli tiicra. J Mac. xiii. 47.

O God ! if my deep prayers cannot appeaje thee,
Yet execute thy wrath on me alone.

Staiefpeare's Richard 111.

The reft rtiall hear me call, and oft be warnM
Their fmful ftate, and to appeffe betimes
Th' incenfcd Deity. Milton.

3. To ftill J to quiet.

The reft
They Cut in legs and fillets for the feaft.
Which drawn and feiv'd, their hunger they af-
peafe. Drydin,

Appe'asbment. n.f. [fvom To appea/e.]
A ftate of peace.

Being nci:iier in numbers nor in courage great,
partly by authority, partly by entreaty, they Were
reduced to fome good appcaferrrents. Jlaytvard.

Appe'aser. n.f. [t'rom To appeafe.] He
that pacifies others ; he that quiets dif-
turbances.

Appe'li.ant. »./ [appello, Lat. to call.]

1. A challenger J one that fummons an-
other to anfwer either in the lilts or in
a court of juftice.

In the devotion of a fubjefl's love.
And free from other milbegotten hate.
Come I appellant to this princely prefence. Sbak.

This ii the day appointed for the combat.
And ready are th' appellant and defendant,
Th' armourer and his man, to enter the lifts.

Shalejpeare.

Thefc (hifts refuted, anfwer thy appellant.
Though by his blindncfs mainAl for high attempts,
Who now defies thee thrice to fingle fight. Millcn.

2. One that appeals from a lower to a
higher power.

An appeal transfers the cognizance ot the caufe
to the foperior judge ; fo that, pending the appeal,
nothing can be attempted in prejudice of the ap-
pellant. Ayliffe's Perergot:.

Appe'llate. n.f. [appellatus, Lat.] The
perfon appealed againft.

An appellatory libel ought to contain the name
of the party appellant ; the name of him from
whofe fcntcnce it is appealed ; the name of him
to whom it is appealed ; from what fentence it is
appealed ; the day of the fentence pronounced,
and appeal iiitcrpofed ; and the name or the party
apptltatc, at perfoji againil whom the appeal is
lodged . Ayliffe's Parcrgon .

Appella'tion. ». /. \appellatlo, Lat.]
Name ; word by which any thing is
called.

Nur ure always the fame plants delivered under
the fame name and appellaiim.

Brpwn^s Vulgar Errtturs.

Good and evil commonly operate upon the minci

of man, by rcfpeilive names or appellations, by

which liny arc notified and conveyed tg the mind.

Siuth.

ihtn.'i.iATivi.u.f. [apptllativum, Lat.]

! Words and names are either common or proper.

' Common names are fuch as ftand for univerfal
ideas, or a whole rank of bcingi, whether general
or fpecial. Thefe are called <i//W/nrk'». So
fl(h, bird, man, city, river, are common names ;
and fo are trout, eel, lobfter; tor they all agree to
man) individuals, and iumr to many fpccies.

fVaiis''s Logich.

Appe'llatively. ad<v. [from appella-
ti've.'\ According to the manner of
nouns appellative ; as, thiy man is a
Hercules. Hercules is ufed appellativflj,
to fignify a ft rang man.

Appe'llatory. adj. [from appeal.'] That
which contains an appeal. See Appel-
late.

Appe'llee. n.f. [from appeal.] One who
is appealed againft, and accufed. DiS.

To APPE'ND. f . a. {appendo, Lat. to hanrf
to any thing.]

1. To hang any thing, upon another ; as,
the infcription was appended to the co-
lumn : the feal is appended to the record.

2. I'o add to fomething, as an acceflbry,
not a principal part.

Appe'ndace. n.f. [French.] Something
added to another thing, without being
necelTiiry to its eflence, as a portico to
the houie.

Modelty is the appendage of fobriety, and is
to chaftity, to temperance, and to humility, as
the fringes are to a garment.

Tayhr^s Rule of living holy.
None of the laws of motion now eftablillicd,
will ferve to account for the produdlicn, motion,
or number of bodies, nor their appcv.dagcs, though
they may help us a little to conceive their appear-
ances. Chtyne.
He was fo far from over-valuing any of the
appendages of life, that the thoughts of life did
not afteil him. Atterbuif^
hvvz' tiOt\tiT. adj. [French.]

1. Hanging to fomething elfe.

2. Belonging to ; annexed ; concomitant.

He that delpifes the world, and all its appendant
vanities, is the moft fccurc. Tayhr,

He that looks for the blellings appendant to the
facrament, mu!l expert them upon no terms, but
of a worthy communion. Taylor,

Riches multiplied beyond the proportion of out
clurdiler, and the wants appendant to it, naturally
difpofe men to forget God. R'jgcrs,

3. In law.

Appendant is any thing belonging to another,
as accc/f.ytum prircipali, with the civilians, or ad*
junt^itmfubjcffo, with the logicians. An hofpitat
may be appendant to a manour ; a common of
filhing appendant to a freehold. CcnvcU,

Appe'.vdant. n.J~. That which belongs
to another thing, as an accidental or
adventitious part.

Pliny gives an account of the inventors of the
forms and appendants of (hipping.

Hale's Origin of Mankind.

A word, a look, a tread, will ftrike, as they are
appendants to external fymmetry, or indications of
the beaaty of the mind. Grenv,

To Appe'kdicate. f. a. [a/i^^Wu, Lat.]
To add to another thing.

In a palace there is tlie cale or fabrick of the
ftrufture, and there are certain additaments; as,
various furniture, and curious motions of divers
things appendicaied to it. Hale,

Appen djca'tion. n.f. [from apperidi-
cate.] Adjunft ; appendage; annexion.

There are confidcrablc p.irts and integrals, and

appendii-ations unto tin mundus afpecJaiilis, impoffi.

blc to be eceraal. HfU,

App£'nj)»x.

A P P

Appe'ndix. n.f. {appendices, plur. Lat.]

1. Something appended, or added, to an-
other thing.

The cherubim were never intended as an objcfl
of worlhip, becaufe they were only the opf indices to
another thing. But a thing is then propol'ed as an
oljcft of worfliip, when i« is fet up by itfelf, and
not by way of addition or ornament to another
thing. Sti/Iirgflcct.

Normandy became an cppcrJix to England, the
noMcr dominion, and received a greater conformity
of their laws to the Englifh, than they gave to it.
Hiile^i Civil Law of England*

2. An adjunft or concomitant.

All concurrent ayftndicu of the aflion ought to

be furveyed, in order to pronounce with truth con-

ceVning it. ffatti.

To APPERTA'IN. c;. rt. [appartenir. Fr.]

1. To belong to as of right : with to.

The honour of devifing this doiSrinc, that reli-'
gion ought to be inforccd by the fword, would be;
found affertaining to Mahomed the falfe propliet.

Raldgb.
The Father, f' whom in heav'n fupreme
Kingdom, and power, and glory apperfairtSi
Hath honour'd m", according to his will. Par. Lcfi.

2. To belong to by nature or appointment.;

If the foul of man did ferve only to give him be-
ing in this life, then lh'\ri%% appertaining to this life
would content him, as we fee they do other crea-
tures. IfoOitr.

And they roafted the patToTcr with fire, as affcr-
taintlbt as for the (acrifi<es, they fod them in brafs
pots. ■ ' 1 EfJni!.

Both of them feem not to generate any otiier cf-
feft, but fuch as apferiaineLb .o tlieir proper objects
and lenfcs. Bacon,

Is it cxpefled, I Ihould know m fccrets
That afl^rtain to you ? Shairff. 'julim Cajar.

Aptert a'inment. n. f. [from apper-
tain.'] That which belongs to any rank
or dignity.

He (hcnt our meflengers, and we lay by
Our a^pcrtainmcntiy vifiting of him. Skakeffi.

ApPe'rten ANCE. «./. [appartenanceyFc]
That which belongs or relates to another
thing.

Can they which behold the controvcrfy of divi-
nity condemn our enquiries in the doubtful aj>pcr~
tcnanties oi arts, and receptaries of philofoph) f

Bro^vni yul^ar Ernars.

Appe'rtinekt. adj. [from To apper-
tain.] Belonging; relating.

You know h :w apt our l->vc wa* to accord
To furnilh him with all atftrtinmii
Belonging to his honour. Stakfffi. Jitrry V.

A'ppetence. In./, [appeter.tia, Lat.]
A'PPETENCY. j" Carnal defue ; feniual
delire.

Bred only and completed to the tafte
Of lultful afpittnce ; to ling, to dance.
To drcfs, to troule the tongue, and roll the eye.

Millon.

Appetibi'litt. n. /. [from appetihle.]
The qoality of being defirable.

That fliciration which the fchools intend, is a
deducing of the power of tlie will into a&, merely
from the nfftt.^iiuy of the objeft, as a man d.aws
a child after him wiili the light of a green bough.
Bramball againjl Hibbti.
A'PPBTIBLE. a^'. [nppetibilis,Lzx.] De-
firable ; that which may be the obje£l of
appetite.

i'o*er both to flight the mofl at^etilli objefts,
and to controul the mod unruly pjf'.ons.

Brambali agairjl Hobbes.

A'PPETITR. »./. [appetitus, Lat.]
1. The natural defire of good ; the inrtinft
by which we are led to feek pleafure.

'i he wi.l properly and ilri^ly taken, as it is of
Ihir.gk wliich ate cefcncd unto the end Chat man

A P P

d-firefh, differeth greatly from that inferiournatu-
ral defire, which we call affeiiti. The objeft of
atftiili is whatfoever fenfible good may be wifhcd
Jor ; the objcO of will is that good which reafon
does lead us to feek. Hooker.

2. The defire of fenfual pleafure.

Wily, (he would hang on him.
As if increafe of appetiu had grown
By what it fed on. Shakefp. Hamlet.

Urge his hateful luxury.
And beflial appetite in change of lult.

iihakefpcarf^s Richard III.
Each tree
Loaden with faireil fruit, that hung to th* eye
Tempting, ftirr'd in me fudden appetite
To plucic and cat. Milton^s Paradife Loji.

3. Violent longing.; eagernefs after any
thing.

No niian could enjoy his life, his wife, or goods,
if a mightier man had an appetite to take the fame
from him. Dawes.

Hopton had an extraordinary appetite to engage
Waller In a battle. Clarendon.

4. The thing eagerly defired.

Power being the natural appetite of princes, a li-
mited monarch cannot gratify it. Stvift.

5. Keennefs of. llomach j hunger ;, 4efire
of food.

There be four principal caufes of appetite; the
refriger.ition of the llomach, joined with fomedry-
nefs ; contraction ; vellication, and abHerfion j
bclides hunger, which is an emptinefs.

Baconi Natural Hijlcry.

There is continual abundance, which creates
fuch an appetite in your reader, th.it he is not
cloyed with any thing, but fatisfied with all. Dryd.

6. It has fpmetimes cfh^ote the objefl of
defire.

The new officer's nature needed fome reftraint
to his immoderate appetite 0/* power. Claretidon.

7. Sometime^ to.

We have generally fuch an appetite to praifc, that
we greedily fuck it in. Government of the Tongue.

.^ppeti'tion. n.f. [appetitio, Lat.] De-
fire.

The adiual appeiiiion or fadening our affeftions
on him. Hantniond^t PraSiicai Catechijvi.

We find in animals an cftimative or judicial fa-
C'llty, an appetiticn or averfation. ^'"^'^ Ha/e.

A'ppetitive. ai/J. [from appetite.] That
which defires ; that which has the qua-
lity of dtfiring.

The wiil is not a bate appetitive power, as that of
the fenfual appetite, but is a rational appct:te.

Hale'i Origin of Mankind.

1 find in myfelf an appetitive f^iculty always in

execcife, in the very hei^c of activity and invigo-

ration. Norris.

To APPLAUD, -v. a. [applaudo, Lat.]
1. To praife by clapping the hand.

I would applaud thee to the very echo,
That flioiiikl applaud again. Seaktjp. Macbeth.
z. To praife in general.

Nations unbone your mighty names fliall f'und,
And worjds apflaud-\iat mud not jct be found '

.', . :-w' . yope.

Appla'uder. n,/. [from applaud. ] He
that prailcj or commends.

I had the voice of my fuiglc reafon againll it,
drowned in the noife of a multitude of applauders.
Clanvil!e''sScepJis.
Appla'use. a.y: [applaiifiis.'Lsii.] Ap-
probation loudly exprefTcd ; praiic :
properly a clap.

This general applaufe, and chearful (hout.
Argues your wifdom and your love to Richard.

^bakejpeare.

Sylla wept,

And cliid her barking waves into attention ;

And fellCharybuis murmur'd fofxappUuJc. Milton.

Thofc that arc fo fond of applauje, how little do

they tafte it when they have it! South.

A P P

See their wide-ftreaming wounds ; they neither
came
For pride of empire, nor dtfire of fame;
Kings fight for kingdoms, madmen for applaufe^
But love tor love alone, that crowns the lover's caufe.
Drydens FaUes~

A'PPLE. n.f. [xppel, Saxon.]

1 . The fruit of the apple-tree.

Tall thriving trees confcfs'd the fruitful mold ;
The redti'ning apple ripens here to gold. Fope^s Od*

2, The pupil of the eye.

He inltruiled him } he kept him as the apple of
his eye. Deut. xxxii. I0>.

Apple of Love.

Apples of love are of three forts ; the mod com-
mon having long trailing branches, with rough
leaves and yellow joints, fucceeded by apples, as
they are called, at the joints, not round, but
bunched; of a pale orange Ihining pulp, and feed^
within. Mortimcr^s Hujhandry ^

Apple-craft. ». f. [from apple and
graft.] A twig of apple-tree grafted,
upon the Hock of another tree.

We have feen three and twenty forts of apple
grafts up<in the fame old plant, moll of them
adorned with fruit. Boyle.

Appee-tart. n.f. [frQmfl///f and /cr/.J
A tart made of apples.

What, up and down carv'd like an apple^tart}

Shakcjpeare*.

Apple-tree. n.f. [from apple a.nd tree.l
1'he fruit of this tree is for the moft part hol-
lowed about the foot ftalk j the cells incloling the
feed are feparated by cartilaginous partitions ; the
juice of the fruit is fourifh; the tree large and.
fpreading; the flowers oontift of five leaves,, ex-
panding in form of a rofe. There is a gieat va-
riety of ihefe fruits. Thofe for the dcfl'ert are, the
white juniting, Margaret apple, fummer pearmain,
fumnier queening, embroidered apple, golden rci-
nctce, fummer white Colvillc, fummer red Colville,
filver pippin, aromatick pippen, the gray reinette,
la hautc-bonte, royal rufl'eting, Wheeler's ruiTet,
Sharp's ruflet, fpice apple, golden pippen, nonpa-
reil, and I'api. ^'hofc for the kitchen ufe are, cod-
^ ling, fummer marigold, fummer red pearmain,.
Holland pippin, Kentilli pippin, the hanging body.
Loan's pearmain, Frencli reinette, French pippin,
royal rulfet, monftruous reinette, winter pearmain,
pomme violette, Spencer's pippin, ftone pippin,,
oakenpin. And thofc generally ufed for cyder are,
Devonlhire royal wilding, rcdllreaked apple, the
whitfour, Herefordlhire underleaf, John apple, &c,

Milkr.

Oaks and. beeches laft longer than apples and

pears. Bacon.

Thus apple-tret! "^ihcffc trunks are ftron^ to bear

Their I'preading boughs, txcrt themlelves in air.

Drydtn.

Apple. WOMAN, n.f. [from apple and
'woman.'\ A woman that fells apples,
that keeps fruit on a ftall.

\ oodiir are two appie-ivotntn fcolding, and juil
ready to uncoifone another. Arl^uthnot and Popt.

Appi.i'AnLE. adj. [from apply.] That
which may be applied. For this word
the modern.'; ufe applicable ; which fee.

Li Tiit,ition'.f all (uch principles liave, in regard of
the varieties of the matter whcreunto they arc ap-
pt.ahle. t/ooker.

All that 1 have faid of the heathen idolatry is.i^-
phahle to the idolatry of another fort of men in the
world . South.

Appli'ance. «./. [from a///y.] The aft
of applying; the thing applied.

Difeates dcfp'rate grown
By defpcrate appliance are relieved. Shake/peart.

Are yi u rhat''d i*
A(k God for tempi tar.Cc, 'tis the appliance only
Which your defire requires. Shakefpeare.

A 1' P L 1 c A B i'l I T y . ». / [from applicable.]

Itlt

A P P

The qoolity of beiitg At to b< applied to

fomething.

.The afli'>n of txM is compofed of two p»rts ;

thf one prcrtinf, tht other peiKtnrtion, which rt:-

^MiTv afpllcabittty, t^th'

A'pPLiCAnLE. adj. [from a/ifly.] That
which may be applied) a* properly re-
lating to fomething.

■What he l'a)5 of the portrj'c of anjr particular
perfon, is tJpplkabte to ppttry. la the chara^er,
there is a better or a vrorfelikencft ; t^ better is a
panegyrick, and the worfe « ltt>e!. Dr^dcn,

It were happy for us, if this complaint were af-
^fsi/^ only to the heathen wetU. Rogers.

A'PPLICABLENESS. »./. [from efflica-
iJe.] Fitnefs to be applied.

Tiie Jtnuwledge of falts may poflihly, by that
little part which we have already delivered of its
efifiuak.'€jiefi, be of ufe in natural philofopby. Bo^'le.
A'PPUICABLY. aJv. [from applicable.^
In fuch a mauner as that it may be pro-
perly applied.
A'i'PLicATE. n.f. [from apply.'] A right
line drawn acrafs a curve, fo as to bii'e€l
the diameter thereof. Chambers.

Applica'tiom. n.f. \irova. apply .'\

1. The aft of applying atiy thing to ano-
ther; as, he mitigated hi-s paia by the
application of emollients.

2. The thing applied ; as, he invented a
new application, by which blood might
be llau/ched.

3. The a& of applying to any perfon, as a
iolicitor, or petitioner.

It (hould fcem very extraordinary, tliat a patent
Aotitd be paflcd, upon the ap^hcat'nn of a poor,
private, obfcurc mech.mick. Stv'tft.

4. The employment of means for a certain
end.

There is no flint which can be fet to the value or
merit of the facrificcd body of Chrift ; it hath no
mealurcd certainty of limits, bounds of efficacy
unio lite it knowcth none, but is alio itfclf infinite
in uo£lbllity of appticatkn. IJcoktr.

If a right courfe be taken witli children, there
will not be much need of the applicalhn of the com-
mon rewards and puni/hmcnts. Locke*

5. Intenfenefs of thought ; clofe ftudy.

1 have difcovered no orlier way to keep our,
thoughts clofe lo their bufinefs but, by fre<)uent at-
tention and afpVuatiout getting llic habit of atten-
tion and appHttuion. ■" Locke.

6. Attention to fome particular affair :
with the particle to.

His continued application to fuch ptibriclc affairs,
as may benctit his kingdoms, diverts him from
plcafiires. Adiiifon.

This crime certainly defcrre s fhe utmoft appiira-
r/M andwildora ofapcopie to prevent it.. Mdijcn.

7. Reference to fome cafe or pofiiion ; as
," the Ilory was told, and'the hearers made

the application.

This principle a^s with the greatcft force in the
word appiicati<3it -y and the familiarity of^wickcd
men more fuccefsfully debtucbet, than that of good
men reforms. Re^eri.

A'pPLicATivE. adj. \_irom apply. "l Tliat
which .ipplies.

The direfliVc command for counfel is in the un-
* derflanding, and iheapplifath': command for put-
<iAg in <x«cution it in the will. '

Bramball agairjl Htiics.

A'ppMCATORY. <i<^". [from a^//v.] That'
which comprehends the adl of applica-
tion.

A'p PLICA TORY. a./. That which applies.
There ate but two ways uf a^iplyin j the death cf

AP-P

(ha& I f«ith !«' the inward applicattry, and if there
be any outward, it muft be Ae facramenta.

Tayl'jfi IVcrihj dmmumeent.
-n APPLY'. V. a. [applico, Lat.]

1 . To put one thing to another.

He laid, and to tl.e fword his throat apfHti.

Dryitn.

2. To lay medicaments upon a wound.

Apply fome fpeedy cure, prevent our tate.

And luccour nature ere it be too late. Addijon.

God hae addrelfed every palhon of our nature,

applied remedies to every wcaknefs, warned us of

■ every enemy. R'.gcn.

3. To make ufe of as relative or fuitable to
fomething.

This brought the death of your father into re-
membrance, andl repeated the veries which 1 for-
merly applied to him. DryJn't Fai/et.

4. To put to a certain ufe.

The profits thereof might be afptted towards the
fuppoi t of the year. Clarendon.

5 . To ufe as means to an end.

Thefc glorious beings are instruments in the
hands of God, who applies their fervices, and go-
verns rfieir aSions, ana difpofcs even their w'Us and
aftcftions. Rogers.

6. To 'fix the mind upon ; to ftudy : with
to. Locke ufes about j lefs properly.

Apply thine heart *nto inftruftion, and thine;
ears to the words of knowledge. Prm. xxiii. iz.

Ereryman iaconfcious to himfelf thathe thinks;
and that which his mind is applitd atevt, whilfl
thinking, is the ideas that are there. Locke.

It is a fign of a capacious mind, whi?n the mind
can apply itfclf fo fcvcral objects with a fwift fuc-
ceffion. ffatts.

7. To have reconrfe ttr, as a foliciior or
petitioner ; with to : as, \ applitil myfelf
to him for help.

8. To addrefs to.

God at laft
To Satan firft m fin his doom apply'd.
The' in myfterious ternvs, judg'd as then btft.

Milton.
Sacred vows and myftic fong apply'd.
To grifly I'luto and Ws gloomy bride. Pope.

9. To bufy ; to keep at work : an anti-
quated fenfe ; for which we now ufe ply.

She was (kilful in applying his humours ; nsvcr
fuft'ering fear to fall 10 dcfpair, nor hope to haften
to itlftirance. Sidnev.

10. To aft upon ; to ply.

A varlct running towards hallily,
Whofe flying teet (b faft thiir way apply'd,
T'hat round about a cloud of duft did fly* Fairy ^.

To Apply', 'v. n.

1. To fuit ; to agree.

Would it opjiy well to the vehemency of your
aflrClion, tlut I flioulJ win what you vould enjcy ?

Shakejpeare.

2. To have recotirfc to, as a petitioner.

I had no thaughti of »»/>^>i^-m^ to any but himfelf;
h-: deli red I would fpeak to others. Siuift.

3. To attach by way of influence.

God knows every faculty and pafli)n, and in
what manner they cat) be moil fuccefsfuliy applied
"to. Rogers.

To Appo'ikt. t. a. [appointer, Fr.]

1. To fix any thing, as to fettle the exaft
time for fome tranfaftion.

The time ap'pointe.i o^ ih& Father. Gelat. iv. 1.

2. To fettle any thing by compaft.

He faid, Appoint me thy wages, and I will pay
it. Gemfis.

Now there was an appointed fign between the
men of Ifrael and the liers in wait, yudget, xx. 38.

3. To eftablifli any thing by decree.

It wjs bi'f)rc the Lord, wliich chofe mc before
thy father, and before all his hiufe, to appoint mc
ruler over the people of the Lord. 2 Sam. vl. 1 1 .

Unto hii»tbou gavcit commaDdmeot, which he

A P P

traafgreHiid, and immediately thou appointej^
death in him, Ind in his generations, a Efd. iii. 7,
O Lord, that art the God of the juft, thou haft
not appcmied repentance to the Juft.

. MMuffeh't Prayer.

4. To furnifh in all points ; to equip ; to
fupply with all things ncceffary : ufed
anciently in fpeaking of foldiers.

The Englilh being well appointed, did fo enter-
tain them, that their fliips departed terribly torn.

Hajinard.

Appo'intbr. h./. [fit)m appaint.] He

that fettles or fixes any thing or place.
Appo'intment. n.J~. [appoimtemtnt , Fr.]

1 . Stipulation ; the aft of fixing fomething
in which two or more are concerned.

They had made an appomtntnt le^/cxixt, to come
to mourn with him, ami to comforthim. ^oi, ii. 11.

2. Decree; eltabliiTiment.

The ways of death be onlypn his hands, whu
alone hath power over all fleA, and unto whofe «^.
poirtment we ought with patience meekly to fubmit
ourfeivcs. Hooker,

3. Direftion; order.

That good fcUow,
If I command him, follows my appointmont \
I will have none fo near elfe. Sbatefpeare,

4. Equipment ; furniture.

They have put forth the haven t further on.
Where their appointment we may befl difcover,
Ai;d look on their endeavour. Shakejpeare,

Here art thou in appointment frefh and fair.
Anticipating time with ftarting courage. Shakefp,

5. An allowance paid to any man, com.
monly ufed of allowances to publick of-
ficers.

To Appo'rtion. 'v.a. [from /er//V, Lat.]
To fet out in jull proportions.

Try the parts of the body, which of them ifl"u«
fpecdily, and which flowly ; and, by apportioning
th: time, take and leave that quality which you de-
fire- Bacon.

To thrfo it were ^od, that fome proper prayer
were apportioned, and they taught it. ' South.

An otfice cannot be apportioned out like a com-
mon, and iharcd among diltincl proprierors. Cclliert
Appo'rtionmf-nt. n. /. [from appor-
tion.] A dividing of a rent into two
parts or portions, according as the land,
whence it iffues, is divided among two
or more proprietors. Chambers.

To Appo'se. 11. a. [appone, Lat.]

1. To put queflions to. This word is not
now m ufe, except that, in fome fchools,
to put grammatical quelUons to a boy
is called to po/e him ; and we now ufe
po^e for puzzle.

Some procure themfelves to be furprifed at fuch
times as it is like the party that t^lty work upon,
will come upon them : and to be found with a
letter in their hand, or doing fomewhat which they
are not accuftomed ; to the end they may lie ap-
pcfed of thofe things which of tliemielvcs they ar«
defirous to utter. Bacon,

2. A latinifm. To apply to.

By malign putrid vapours, the nutriment is ren-
dered unapt uf being app.fed to the parts. Harvey^

h'pTOSiTz.ailj. [appcjitus, Lat.] Proper ;
fit ; well adapted to time, place, or cir-
cumftances.

The duke's delivery of his mind was not fo
fharp, as fojid and grave, and afpofite to the timei
and occafions. I^oiton,

Neither was Perkin, for his part, wanting to
himfelf, either in gracious and princely behaviour,
or in ready and appofile anfwers. Bacon,

Remarkable inftances of this kind have beeri ;

but it will adminilier rcfleftions very apps/tte to

the defign of this prefcot Cslemnitj-. Attirbury.

A'PPOSITELY.

\

•A P t>

'A'pposir?i.Y. ae/'Tj. [from (?//«/?//.] Pro-
perly ; fitly ; fuuably.

We may affcfialy compare this difeafe, of a
proper and improper coafumpcion, to a decaying
Iicmfc. . ffaney.

Wlien we come into a government, and fee tiiii
place of honour allotted to a murderer, another
tilled with an at'oeift or a blafphemer, may we not
af[ofiiely and properly aflc. Whether there be any
virtue, fobrieqt, or religidn, amongll fuch a peo-
ple ? South.
A'pposiTEKESs. «./ [hom appojite.'] Fit-
nefs ; propriety ; fuitableiiefs.

Judgment is either concerning things to be
known, or of things done, of their congtuity, fit-
nefs, ri^htnefs, mfifticmj!.

llali'i Origin of Manl'md.
Apposi'tio:*. ».yl [a/>/o/f//o, Lat.]

1. The addition of new matter, fo as that
it may touch the firil mals.

Urme infpeiteJ with a mjcrofcopc, will difcover
a black fand ; wherever this fand fticks, it grows
ftill bigg' r, by the apprfuhn of new matter.

Arhuibn-A en Diet.

2. In grammar, the putting of two nouns
in the fame cafe ; as. Liber Sufannee ma-
trs, the book of his mother Sufan.

roAPPRA'JSE.-i/.a. \appreder, Fr.] To

fet a price upon any thing, in order to

fale.
Appr.a'iser. »./■ l^Toxaappraife.'] A per-

fon appointed to fet a price upon things

to be fold.
To APPREHE'ND. 11. a. [appnhendo, Lat.

to take hold of.]

1. To lay hold on.

There 13 nothing but hath a double handle, 6r at
leaft we have two hands to affrthmi it. tayhr.

2. To feize in order for trial or punifh-
jneiit. I

The governor kept the city with a garrifon, defi-
rouc to afpribttid me, 2 Car. x'l. 32.

It was the rabble, of which no body was named ;
and, which is mote Urangej.nat one affrihrnikd.

Clarendon.

3. To conceive by the mind.

The good which is gotten by djing, caofetb not
aftionj unlefj, affrelxndittg ix. as good, we like
and dclire it. linker.

Vet this i ofprchtrJ not, why to thofe
Among whom God will deign to dvsell on earth,
So many and fo vaiiaus laws arc given. Millar.

The Firil Being is invilible and incorruptible,
and can only be affrclemUd by our minds.

Stillingfeet.

4. To think on with terrour ; to fear.

From my grandfather's death 1 had reafon t.-

epprihend tjie lUnej and, from my father's life,

the gout. ^ » 7im/./t.

Apprekk'nobr. n.f. [irom apprehend.]

Conceivcr ; thinker.

Groii apfretfndiri may not think it anymore
ftrange, t an iha: a bullet ihould be mjved by the
rarifieu (ire. Gkr.'vilU:

Apprfhe'nsible. aJj. [from apprehend.]
That which may be apprehended, or
conceived.

The nortli and fiuthem poles are incommuni-
cable an-l fixed paints, wiiTeof the one is f ot au-
frehtrfillc in the other. BreminiVulgar E rmrs.
AppREHt'NSiON. »./. [npfreheii/w, Lat.]
i. The mere contemplation of things,
without affirming or denying any thing
concerning them. So we think of a
horfe, high, fwift, animal, time, matter,
mind, death, f:ff. Watts.

S.-.ip'e aiiiA'i; Tr^n denotes no more than tjit
f' '' > ''"<n i>{ an objcil, without ci-

'■"'' . jldudtioB. CUmille.

Vol. L

A P P

2. Opinion ; fentiments ; conceflion.

It we aim at right underftanding its true na-
ture, we mull examine what afprehcufenmmWmi
make of it. Dr^/y.

To be falfe, and to be thought falfe, is all one in
refpeft of men who aft not according to truth, but
apprfhenfion. South.

The exprcflions of fcripture are commonly fuited
in thofe matters to the vulgar oppvtbfvjlons and
conceptions of the place and people where they were
delivered. Locke.

3. The faculty by which we conceive nev/
ideas, or power of conceiving them.

1 nam'd them as t'ney pafs'd, and underllood
Their n:rture, with fuch knowledge God indu'd
Mv fudden tipfrthcnjlon. Milton.

4. Fear.

It behoveth that the world /hnuld be held in awe,
not by a vain furmife, but a true appreh':nfii.n of
fomcwhat which no man may think himfelf able
to withftand. Hooker.

And he the future evil fhall no lefs
In apprehenfimj than in fubftance, feel. Mihcn.

Th« apprebcnIloTt of what w?.s to come from an
unknown, at leafl unacknowledged fuccefl'our to
the crown, clouded much of that profperity.

Clarendon.

As they have no apprehenfon of thefe things, lb
they need no comfort againll them. Tillotf^n.

After the death of his nephew Cal'gula, Clau-
dius was in no fmall apprebevjion for his own life.

Addi'^n,

5. Sufpicion of fomething to happen, or
be done.

I'll note you in my book of memory,
And fcourge you f -r this afprehenfiin. Skaiefp.

That he might take away the upprebenfion, that
he meant fuddenly to depart, he fent out orders,
which he was fure ^^•ould come into the enemies
hands, to two or three villages, that they fhould
fend proportions of corn into Balioghoufe.

Clartndcn.

6. Seizure.

See that he be convcy'd unto the Tower :
And- g-> we brothers to the man that took lilm,
To queflion of his appreheKjUi;. Shakcipeare,

7. The power of feizing, catching, or
holding.

A lobfter hath lh« chely or great claw of one

(ide longer th.in the other, butthis is not their leg,

but a ^irX oi apprebenfcn whereby they feize upon

their prey. Bro^un'i yul^ar Errours.

Apprehe'nsive. adj. [from apprehcHd.]

I. Quick to underiland.

And gives encouragement to thofe who teach
fuch 0ppreb(njivt fcholan, Hilder.

If confcience be naturaWy appreberfive and fjga-
cious', certainly we /iiould truli and rely upon the
repnrts of it. South.

z. Fearfult

The inhabitants of thii country, when I palTcd
through it, were extremely a^/iro!>f»/fi/« of feeing
Lomba'rdy the feat of w::r. AddiJ-n.

They are not at all apprchtnfme of evils at a
didance, nor tormented with the fearful profpeft
of what may befal them hereafter. 7ilkijcn.

3. Perceptive feeling.

Thought', my tormentors, arm'd with deadly
ftingj,
Manjic my af.prelrnj!t;etcr\<\crc& parts. Milltn,
Apprehe'nsivei.y. adv. [from appre-

l-en/i've.'] In an apprehenfive manner.
Appreh t'N'sivENKss. ». /". [fvom apprc-
henfive.] The quality of being appre-
henfive.

WhTca^ the vowels are much more diffirplt to
be taught, you will And, by falling upon them laft,
gieat h<ip by ihc apf rebenji'veneft already gained in
Ir.'-tvnv the conf"n.mts. Holder.

APPRE'NTICE. «./. [apprenti, Fr.] One
that is bound by covenant to ferve ano-
ther <jian of trade, fgr a certiMU term of

A P P

yeata, upon condiuon that the artificer,
or tradeiman, fhall, in the mean time,
endeavour to inllruft him in his art or
myftery. CciueU.

Li>ve rnjoined fuch diligence, tliat no apprentice,
no, no bond flave, could ever be more ready than
that young princefs was. Sidney,

He found him fuch an apprentice, as knew >veU
enough how to fet up for himfelf. Gotten,

This rule fcts the painter at liberty; it teaches
him, that he ought not to be fubjeft himfelf fer-
vilely, and be bound like an apprentice to the rules
ofljisait. DryditC t DuJT ejnoy .

To Appre'ntice. 'V. a. [from the noun.]
To put out to a mailer as an apprentice.

Him portjon'd maids, /r/>)&n-nrirV orphans blelt.
The young who labour, ana the old who reft.

Pofe.
Appre'nticehood. n.f. [from appren-
tice.] The years of an apprentice's fer-
vitude. .

MuftJ not ferve a long apprenticehood
To f-.rcign pafTagcs, and in the end.
Having my freedom, boaft of nothing elft
But that 1 was a journeyman to grief ,^ Sbukefp.

Appre'nticesiiip. n.f. [from appren-
tice.] The years which an apprentice is
to pafs under a mafter.

Jn every art, the iimpieft that is, there is an op'
prenticeffAp neCefTary, before it can be expected one
ihould work. Digby.

Many rulhed into the miniftry, as being the
only calling that they could profefs, without fcrv-
ing any r.pprenticejhip. South*

To A?PRi'zE. f. a. [apprettdre ; part,
appris, Fr.] To inform ; to give the
knowledge of any thing.

He conliders the tendency of fuch a virtue or
vice; he is well aj.prized, that the rcprefentation
of fome of thefe things may convince the under-
AanJing, and fotjw may terrify the confcience.

tVatH.

It is fit he be appriT^ed of a few things, that may
prevent his miHaking. Cbeytte

But if apprix'd of the fevere attack.
The couhtry be Ihut up, lur'd by the fcent^
On church-yard drear (inhuman to relate)
The difappointed prowlers fall. Tbon:fon»

To APPRO'ACH. -v. ft. [apprccier, Fr.]

1. To draw near locally.

'Tis time to look about: the powers of the
kin^d.^m approtub apace* Hhakejpeare*

We fuppi,le Ulyftcs approacbivg toward P.ily-
phcme. Br^omct

2. To draw near, as time.

Hark ! I hear tlie found of coaches.
The hour of attack afprf>ochfS. Gjy,

3. To make a progrefs towards, in the fi-
gurative fenfe, as mentally.

He fhall approaib unto me : for who is thii that
engaged his heart to approach unto me ?

yer. XXK. %i

To. have knowlecige in all the objedts of contem-
plation, is wliat the mind can hardly attain unto ;
the inl>anccs arc few of thofe who have, in any
mcafurc, approached towards it. Locke.

4. To come near, by natural affinity, or
refemblance ; as, the cat aj>prcac/ja to
the tiger.

To Appro'ach. <v. a.
I. To bring; near to. This fenfe is rather
French than Englifh.

This they will nimbly perform, if objcfted to
the cxtreir.es i but llowly, and not at ail, if ap-
proached unto their roots. Brcwn^s Vulgar Frrei>r:,

By plunging paper Uioroughiy In weak i'pirit of
wine, and approacting it to a candle, the fpirituoVia
parts wUl btirii, without harming the paper. Jijyle,

Approach d, and looking uo^iucath the fun.
He law proud Aivitc. Viydrn.

O a. To

A P P

•i. To come near to.

He «« an jdmiraUe poet, tni thought e*en to
have affroacbej Homer. ItiKfle.

ArPROACH. It./, [from the verb.]

1. The »a of drawing near.

It I Muld bid the fcventh welcome with in good
« heart as 1 can bid the other five farewel, I (hould
be gljd of his affroach. Shai. Mcrcb. afVmct.

*i*is with our fouls
As with our eyes, that after a long darknifs
Are dizzied at th' affrttcb of fudden light. Dtnb.

2. Accefs.

Honour hath in it the vantage ground to do good ;
the«^/r(»L-A to kings and principal perfons; and
the riifing of t man's own fortunes. Baccn.

3. Huftile advance.

For England his affnacba makes a> fierce
As waters to the fucking of a gulph. Sbairff.

4. Means of advancing.

AgaiiUl bclcagur'd hcav'n the giants move;
Hills pil'd on hills, on mountains mountains lie.
To make their mad affroachet to the (ky. DryA.
Appro'acher. »./ [^Irora approach.'] The
perfon that approaches or draws near.
Thou gav'ft thine ears, like tapftcrs, that bid
welcome,
To knaves and all apprcathcn. Sbalrfptart.

Appro'achment. n /. [from approach.]
The aft of coming near.

As for ice, it will not concrete but in the af-
pnatbment of the air, as we have made trial in
glafl'es of water, which will not cifily freeze.

Smm'i falgar Erreun.
Approba'tion. »./ [approiatio, La.i.]
1. The aft of approving, or expreffing
himfelf pleafed or fati»fied.

That not part me, but
By learnel apfroiution of my judges. Sbakefp.

8. The liking of any thing.

There is no politive law of men, whether received
by formal confent, as in councils, or by fecret ap-
frtintion, as in curtoms, but ni.iy be taken away.

licykcr.

The bare apfrobaUon of the worth and goodnefs
ef a thing, is not properly the willing of that thing ;
jet men do very commonly account i^ fo. Souib.

3. Atteftation ; fupport.

How many now in health
Shall drop their blood in approbation
Oi" what your reverence (hall incite us to.

Shaktfftare.

Appro'of. n. f, [horn approve, ^i proof
hompro've.] Approbation ; commend-
ation : a word rightly derived, but old.

O moil perilous mouths.
That bear in them one and the felf-famc tongue
Eitliei of condemnation or afprcof ! Shai'ff.

TcAppRo'peratk. -v. a. [appropero, Lzt.]
To hallen ; to fet forward. Dic7.

To Ap p no p 1' n (iu a t e. -i.'. a. [appropinguo,
Lat.] Todrawnigh unto; to approach.
To ApPROPrNQUE. a-. «. \_appropinjuo,
Lat.] To approach ; to draw near to.
A ludicrous word.

The clof.ed blood within my hofe.
That f.om my \v,>unded body flows,
WUh mortal crlfis doth portend
My days to apfn/'iiijur an end. Huctibras.

Appro'pri ABLE-.a-j). [from appropriate.]
That which may be appropriated ; that
which may be rearained tofomething
particular.

This conceit, applitd onto the original of man,

ar;d vhe beginning'of the wgrld, it more juftly af-

frcpriubU unto its end. Bntvn'i l^ulgir Erroun.

To APPRO'PRIATE. v. a. [approprier,

Fr. approprio, low Lat.]
I. To confign to feme particular afc or
pexfen.

A P P

Things fanflified were thereSy In fJch fort 0p-
fnfriauJ unto God, as tiiat they might never af-
terwards again be made common. H'.'-hr.

As fot this f;'0t of ground, this perfon, this
thing, 1 have fe'lefled and iipt"-ol,ria:id, I have
inclofedittomyfelfand myownule; and 1 wiU en-
dure no fiiarer, no rival, or companion init« Souib.

Some they affrofrialcH to the gods,
And fome to publick, Dme to private ends.

Rif common.

Marks of honour are epfr^fruiiM to the ma-
giftrate, that he might be invited to reverence
himfcU; Altirbury.

2. To claim or exercife ; to take to him-
felf by an exclufive right.

To thcmfelves a[>frofnarhg
The fplrit of God, piomis'd alike and giv'n
To all bcl'.eve.s. Milnn.

Why (Iiould people engrofs and approprtaie the
common bcnefiu of fire, air, and water, to them-
fclves ? VEJIravgc.

Every body clfe has an equal title to it ; and
therefore he cannot affrcfrhite, he cannot inclofe,
without the conl<!nt ot all his fellow commsners,
all mankind. -f-^^f-

3. To make peculiar to fomething ; to
annex by combination.

He need but be furniihed with verfes of facred
fcripture ; and his fyllem, that has afpropriatiJ
them to the orthodoxy of his church, makes them
immediately irrefragable arguments. Locke.

We, by degrees, get ideas and names, and learn
their appropriated connexion one with another.

4. In law, to alienate a benefice. See
Appropriation.

Before Richard 11. it was lawful to afpnpriate
the whole fruits of a benefice to any abbey, the
houfe finding one to fcrve the cure; that king re-
drelled that horrid evil. Ayliffe.

Appro-'priate. adj. [from the verb.]
Peculiar ; configned to fome particular
ufe or perfon ; belonging peculiarly.

He did inftitute a band of fifty archers, by the
name of yeomen of his guard ; and that it might
be thought to be rather a matter of dignity, than
any matter of diffidence affrcfriate to his own cafe,
he made an ordinance not temporary, but to hold
in fucceiliou for ever. Bac!.n.

The heathens themliilves had an apprelienfion of
the neccllity of fome apfnfriatt afls of divine
worlhip. StillirtgJIct.

Ap p ROP R 1 a't 10 N . H. /. [from appropri-
ate.]

1 . The application of fomething to a par-
ticular purpofe.

The mind ftiould have diftinft ideas of the things,
and retain the particular name, with its peculiar
aff rofriation to that idea. _ Lmke.

2. The claim of any thing as peculiar.

He doth nothing but talk ot his liorle, and make
a great nfpropriation to his good piits, that he can
ftioj him himfelf. Slakcffecrc.

3. The fixing a particular fignification to

a word.

The name of faculty may, by an apfnfr'.ethn
th.it difguifes its true fenfc, palliate the abfurdity.

Locke.

In law, a fevering of a benefice cccle-
fialHcal to the proper and perpetual ufe
of fome religious houfe, or dean and
ch.aptcr, billioprlck, or college ; becaule,
as perfons ordinarily have no right of
fee fimple, thefe, by rcafon of their per-
petuity, are accounted owners of the fee
fimple ; and therefore are called pro-
prietors. To an appropriation, after the
licence obt.iincd of the king in chan-
cery, the confent of the diocefan, pa-
tron, and incumbent, are neccfl'ary, if
the church be full : but if t!ic cimrch be

A P P

void, the diocefcn and the patron, upoa
the king's licence, may conclude. Cmuell.
Appropri a'tor. n.J. Ifrom appropriate]
He thit is poiTeiTed of an appropriated
benefice.

Thefe apf^r.prialcrs, by reafon of their perpetui-
tic, are accounted owners of the fee fimple ; and
therefore ate called proprietors. jiylife'tParfrg.

AePf-o'vAii.t. ac/J. [from apprai/e.] That _
which merits approbation.

The folid reafon, or confirmed eiperlence, of
any men, is very apfrivable in what profcfSon fo-
ever. Brywns Vulgar Errsun*

A p p R o'v A L . »r. / [ from approve. ] Appro-
bation : a word rarely found.

There is a cenfor of jufticc and manners, with-
out wh>fe approval no capital fentcnccs are to be
executed. Tcmp^,

Ap P Ro'v A N c E. ». / [from approve.] Ap-
probation : a word not much ufed.

A man of his learning ih' uld not fo lightly have
been carried away with old wives' talLS from afpro-
vance of his own rcafon. Spetijtrm

Should fhe feem
Soft'iiing the lead afprovame to bellow,
Their Colours burnifli, and, by hope infpir'd,
They bri/k advance. 1'ly,mfon.

To Appro've. "v. a. [approitver, Fr. ap-

probo, Lat.]
I. To like ; to be pleafed with.

There can be nothing pofTib'.y evil which Ccd
epprovetbt and that he approvttb much more than
he doth command. H'Mer,

What power was that, whereby Medea £aw.
And well appr&v^d, and prais'd the better courfe,
When her rebellious fcnfe did fo withdraw
Her feeble powrs, that fhe purfu'd the worfe ?

Davietm

z. To exprefs liking. -

It is looked upon as iiifolcnce for a roan to fet up

his own opinion againll that of fome learned doflor,

or otherwife approved writer. Locke*

To prove ; to Ihew ; tojuftify.

His meaning was not, that Archimedes could
fimplyin nothing be deceived ; but that he had in
fuch (oTl approval his Ikill, that he feemed worthy
of credit for ever after, in matters appcrt.nining
to the fcicnce he was Ikilful in. Hoiktr,

Id religion.
What damned errour, but fome fober brow
Will blefs it, and approve it with a text .> Sbakifp,

I'm forry
That he approver the common iiar, F.ime,
Who fpeaks him thus at Rome. Sbakefpeaie.

Would'ft thou approve thy conrtancy ? approve
Firft thy obedience. Milic*.

Refer all the adions of this fhort life to tliat
Hate which will never end ; and this will appro^ti
itlclf to be wifdom at the laft, whatever the world
judge of it now. TillotjTn.

If. To experience : not in ufe.

Oh ! 'tis the curfe in love, and iWWappm'd,
When women cannot love, where they're belov'd.

Shakefptari,
;. To make, or (how, to be worthy of ap-
probation.

The lirlt care and concern mud be to approve
himfelf to God Ly righteoufnefs, holimfs, and pu-
rity. R-gfrs.

6. It has c/ before the objeft, when it fig-
nifies to be plea/eJ, but may be ufed svith-
out a prepofition ; as, I approve your
letter, or, ^your letter.

1 (hewed you a piece .if black and white ftufT,

juft feiit from the dyer; w' icli you were pifafcd

tJ approve of, and be my cudomer for. Stoifi,

Appro'vement. n. f. [from approve.]

Approbation ; liking.

It IS certain that at the firft you were all of mjr
opini' n, and that I did nothing without your ap.
pmtmmt. ' lUypuard.

■ Arri^o VER.

3-

APR

AfPto'vtR.n./. [from affrivt.^

1. He that approves.

2. He that makes trial.

Their dtfciplins,
Now mingW with tlieir courages, will niak-

known
To thtir affrvaeri, they are poople fuch
As iin;nd up >n the worlj. Sbahffcarc,

3. In our common Ir.iv, one that, confeffing
felony of himfelf, appealeth or accufeth
another, one or more, to be guilty of the
fame : and he is called fo, becaufe he
muft prove what he hath alleged in his
appeal. Cc-u-e/l.

AprRo'xiMATE, ai/J. [from aJ, to, and
prcximus, near, Lat.] Near to.

Thcfe receive a quick coiiveiiwn, containing
abtroxhrate i'M^ohtioai unto animation.

Eryzun'i i'ulgar Errourj.

A P P R o X 1 M a't ion. a. /. [ from approxi-
mate.^

1. Approach to any thing.

Vqxo the latitude of Capiicorn, or the winter
fdlftice, it had been a fpring ; for, untjthat pofition,
it had been in a mtdvilc point, and that of afcent
or oppr^x'imat'i'.v. Brvwn'i Vulgar Errours,

The fiery region gains upon the inferi.mr ele-
ments ; a nccefl'ary confcquciit of the fuA^s gradual
apfrcximaihn towards the earth.

IhU's Origin of AlanJtird'

Qii.idrupcds arc better placed according to the

degrees of their approximation Co the homan Ihapc.

Crno^i Muf^um*

2. In fcience, a continual approach nearer
ftill, and nearer, to the quantity fought,
though perhaps without a poflibility of
ever arriving at it exaflly.

Appu'lse. »./ [afpul/us, Lat.] The afl
of ftriking againft any thing.

An heftic fever is tlic innate heat kindled into a
deftrudlivc fire, through the tf^^yZ/Jrof falinefteam^.

Ilarvty.

In vowels, the palTage of the mouth is open and
free, without any appulje of an organ of fpeech to
another : but, in all confonants, there is an ofpuljg
of the organs. Hcldir.

To A'tKic ATI. 01. n. [aprictr. Lit."] To
ba(k in the fun. Ditri.

Apri'city. ft./, [africitas, LiLt.] Warmth
of the fun; fun-ihine- Di<S.

A'pRicoT, or A'pricock. n, /. [from
apricus, Lat. funny.] A kind of wall-
frujt.

'A'pRil. n. /. [Aprilis, hat. Avril, Fr.]

The fourth month of the year, January

counted firft.

ylfril is rcfrefentcd by a young man in green,

' with a garland of myrtle and hawthorn bnds ; in

one hand primrofcs and violets, in the other the fign

Taurus. Peacham fin Draiuing.

Men are /ifril when they woo, fjctember when

they wed : Nla.ds arc May when they are maids,

but the Iky changes when thcv are wives*

Hbakij^ean' I yli y^u like it.

A'pp.o.v. n.f. [A word of uncertain ety-
mology, but lupjKjfcd by foine to be
^contracted from affre one.] A cloth hung
ibeforc, to):eep the other d/efs clean.

Cixe us gold, g )od Timon : haft tljcu more ?^
— ^-^— Hold up, you flui^
Your *j/r&«j mountant. Hlfiitfbtare.

The nobility think fcom to go in leit!i»r aprins.

Hl^flirj'peare.^
How might we fee FalftafF, and not ourfci'.es be
fecn > Put on two leather jerkins and afrom,

tfii wait u^n him ac Mn tabic a's drawers.

^ia'rrjptart.

APT

In thefe figures the veft is gathered up before
them, like an apron, which you aiuft fuppofe filkd
with fruits. /Udij'M.

A'pROs.n./. [in gunnery.] Apieceoflead
which covers the touch-hole of a great
^gun.

A'pRON of a goofe. The fat fkin which
covers the belly.

A'pRON-M AN. «.yr [from «/rj/i and man.]
A man that wears an apron ; a work-
man ; a manual artiiicer.

Vou have made good woi k,
You and your afron-mcn, tliat ftood fo much
Up<jn the voice of occupation, and
Tilt breath of garlick eaters. Sh.ihfprarf.

A'pRONED. a^'. [from «/;■«;;.] Wearing
an apron.
'I he cob;;r afrat'd, and the parfon gown'd.

Pope.
J'PSIS. n.f. apfides, plural. [i4.«.]

is applied, in aitronomy, to two points in the
orbits of planets, in which thry are at the greatell
and the lead dillance from the fun or earth. Tl:c
higher affii is more particularly denominated a.
pheiion, or apogee ; the lower, perihelion, or pe-
rigee. Ciamlnri.
If bodies revolve in orbits that are pietty near
circles, and the effidis of thefe orbits be fiieJ,
then the centripetal forces of thofc bodies will be
reciprocally as the fquares of the diftances. Chcync.
APT. adj. [apttds, Lat.]

1. Fit.

This fo eminent induftry in making profelytes,
more of that lex than of the other, groweth ; for
th.it they are deemed npi^r to ferve as inftruments
in the caufe. ylpter they are through the eagerncfs
ot their alfeflion ; apler through a natural incli-
nation unto piety; apicr through fundry opportu-
nities, &c. Finally, apiir through a fingular delight
which they take in giving very large and particular
intelligence how all near ibout them (land atteaed
as concerning the fame caufe. Hoakcr.

2. Having a tendency to ; liable to.

Things natural, as long as they keep thofe forms
which give them their being, cannot polTibly be apt
or inclinable to do otherwife than they do. Ho-jker.

My vines and peaches on my beft fouth w.Jls
were apt to have a foot or fmuttincfs upon thcii
leaves and fruits. Tttrpit

3. Inclined to; led to ; difpofcd to.

You may make her yon love telieve it ; which,

I warrant, (he is aptcr to do, than confcfs (he does.

i^hjktfpeare I jls you likt it.

Men arc apt to think well of themfelver, and
of their nation, of their course and llrcngtb.

T.inplt.

One, who has not thefe lights, is a ftranger to
what he reads, and aft to put a wrong interpreta-
tion upon it. Mdifon.

Even thofe who ate near the court, are apt to
dcdutt wrong confequences, by reafoning upon the
motives of adlions. Snvifi.

What we have always feeh to Le done in oi.e

manner, we are apt to imagine there was but that

»one way. ■ _ Beniky.

4. Ready; quick: a;, an />// wit.

1 have a lif^rt as little apt as yours,
Biit yet a brain that leads my ufe 01 anger
To better vantage. Sbakrfpeare.

;. Qualified for.

'Ihofe brothers had a whils fcrvcd the kin:;
in watj whereunto they were only apt. Sidn.y.

All that were ftrong an4 apt for war, even them
die kiijg of Bakyjon brought captive to Babyl jn.

1 King!.
To Apt. 1/. a. [apto, Lat.]
I . To ("uit ; to adapt.

We need a man that knows the fevcral graces
Of hiflory, and how to apt their places;
Where brevity, where fplendour, and where height,
Where fwectncfs is required, and where weight.

Ecn Jtrtjin,

A Q^U

In foms pondj, apted for it by nature, they be-
come pikes. tfalton^

2. To fit ; to qualify ; to difpofe ; to pre-
pare.'

The king is melaneholy,
Apted for any ill iaipicffiojjs. JJatham's Ssp'-y,

ToA'pTATE. v. a, [apiattim, Lat.] To
make fit.

To aptate a planet, is to ftrengthen the plann
in po/ition of houle and dignities to the greateit
advantage, in order to bring about the defired end.

Bailey,
A'pTiTUDE. n.f. [French.]

1 . Fitiicfs.

Thii evinces its perfeft aptitude and fitnefs for
the end to which it was aimed, the plmting and
noutilhing all true virtue among men.

Pecay of Pitty.

2. Tendency.

In an aborcion, the mother, beddes the fruftra-
tion of her hopes, ac^ires- an aptitude to mifcany
C)r the future. 0ecay of Piety.

3. Difpofition.

He that is about children, (hould (^udy their nJk
tures and aptitude;, what turna they ealily takf, «nd
what becomes them ; what tlieir native ftock iS,
and what it is fit for. l,ocke.

A'pTLV. adii. [from apt.]
1. Properly; with juil conqec^ion, or cor-
refpondpnce ; fitly.

That part
Was aptly fitted, and naturally perform'd.

Sbakejpeare,
But what the oiafs nutritious does divide !
What makes them aptiy to the limbs adhere,
In youth increafe them, and in age repair ?

£!ael;m<ire,
z. Juftly ; pertinently.

irensus very apt/y remarks, that thofe nations,
who were not poiiell of the golpcls, had the fame
accounts of our Saviour, wiiich are in the Evan-

gclifts. Addijoti. .

3. Readily ; acutely ; as, he learned his

bufinels very aptly.
A'pTNESS. n.f. [irom apt.]

1 . Fitnefs ; fuitablenefs.

The nature of every law muft be judged of hy
the uyir.ejz of things. tlvsrein prefcribcd, unto th*
famo end. Hoiktr.

There arc antecedent and independent aptncjfes
in things ; with refpcft to which, they are fit to .
be comtjiaiided or foibidden. Nonis's Mifccll.

2. DifpoCtion to any thing; of perfons.

The nobles receive fo to heart the banilhmcn.t
of that worthy Coriolanus, that they arc in a ripe
aptnefs to tak'^ ill power from the people. Sbakejp, '

3. Quicktit-fs 'of apprehenfioa ; readinef*
to learn.

What (hpvjid be the itptn-fs of t>irds, in comp«->
rifon c^bealt'S] to imitati; Ijieech, may be enquired,.

Bacon. '

4. Tendency; of things.

Some feeds of goodnefs ij^ve him a rolKh of fuch
reflexions, as hivo ai; stptnefi to improve the mind.

_^ddiJor.

Ap'tote. n.f. [of a and •btYis-k;.] a noua
which is not declined v.ifh cafes.

A'^A. n.f. [Latin.] A word fignifying
t.vatcr, very much ufed in chyraical wri-
tings,

ASniA FORTIS. [Latin.] A corrofive H-
qiior, made by dillilling purified nitre
with calcined vitriol, or rcflificd oil of
vitriol in a llrmig heat : the liquor, which.
rifcs in fumes red as blood, being col-
leftcd, is the fpirit of nitre, or aaiiafortis ;
which ferves as a menftruum for diffolv-
ing of filver, and all other metals, ex.
cept gold. iJut if fea fait, or fal am-.
O 2 muoLacHi

A Q^U

moniack, be added to ajua forlii, it
commences <iy«a rigia, and will then
dilfolve no metal but gold. Chambers.

The diffilving oC filver in aqua fartit, and gold
in aqua rtgia, and nolviccverja, would not be dit-
ficuit to know. Luekt.

J^A MARINA, nf the Italian lafidaries,
is of a fca or blui(h green. This ftone
feems to me to be the beryllus of Pliny.

" Woodiuard.
A^AMIRABILIS. [Latin.] The wok
de.-ful water, is prepared of cloves,
galangals, cubebs, mace, cardomums,
nutmegs, ginger, and fpirit of wine,
digefted twenty-four hours, then diftilled.
A'^A REGIA, ox AS^A REGALIS.
[Latin.] An acid water, fo called be-
caufe it diffolves gold, the king of me-
tals. Its eflential ingredient is coramoi^
fea fait, the only fait which will operate
on gold. It is prepared by mixing com-
mon fea fait, or fal ammoniack, or the
fpirit of them, with fpirit of nitre, or
common aqua fortis. Chambers.

He adds to his complex idea of gold, that of
fixrdnefs or folubility in aijua rigia. I.ncke.

J^A-FITjE, [Lmw.] It is commonly
underllood of what is otherwife called
brandy, or fpirit of wine, either fimple
or prepared with aromaticks. But fome
appropriate the term brandy to what is
procured from wine, or the grape ; aqua-
-vita, to that drawn after the lame
manner from malt. Chambers.

I will rather truft a Fleming with my butter, an

Irilhman with my aqua vita bottle, or a thief to

walk with my ambling gelding, than my wife

with herfelf. Sbakiffcare.

Aqua'tick. adj, \aquaticus, Lat. from

aqua, water.]

1. That which inhabits the water.

The vaft variety of worms found in animals, as
well terrelhial as aqaatkk, are taken into their
bodies by meats and drinks. Ray on thiCrtathn.

Brutes may be confidercd as Either aerial, ter-
rtftrial, equalkk, or amphibious. Aquauck are
thofe whofe conftant abode is upon the wamr. Locke.

2. Applied to plants, that which grows
in the water.

1 v)... ..»fc.-. .

Flags, and fuch like aquatik!, arc bed dedroycd
by draining. M:rnmcr'! H-.iJhandry.

A'<y 4TILE. «<^. [fly«i3/////, Lat.] That
which inhabits the water.

Wt behold many milliTOs of tlie aquatile or
water frog in ditches and Handing plaftics.

Brr^vn^s l^ulg^ir Ernun.
A'ctUEDUCT. M. /. \aquA-duSiiis, Lat.] A
conveyance m^de for carrying water
from one place to another ; made on
uneven ground, to prefervc the level of
the water, and convey it by a canal.
Some aquedi.^s are under ground, and
others above ii fupported by arches.

Among the remains of old Rome, the grandeur

'of -tkE commonwealth (hews itfelf ch.cfly ir. trm-

plrs, highways, aquidu^i, walls, and bridges of th ■

city. Adi'jiv.

Hither the rills of water arc convcy'd
In curious aqutiulti, by nature 1 lid
To carry all the humour. Blackmore.

A'qjJEOUs. adj. [from aqua, water, Lat.]
Watery.

The vehement fire rwjuifite to its fufion, forced
^Lvyay all the aqueous and fugitive moiilure.

Ray en lit Crtelhn.

A'<jjJF.ousNES5. «. / [uquofitas, Lat.]
Watcriflinefs.

A R B

A'quiLlKE. eid/. [aquilinus, Lat. from
aquila, an eagle.] Refcmbling an eagle ;
when applied to the nofe, hooked.

His nofe was aquUint, his eyes were blue,

Ruddy hit lips, and frefli and fair his hue. Drjd.

Gryps fignifies fome kind of eag'e or vulture j

from whence the epithet gryfui lat an hooked or

aquiiixe nofe. Br>^r,.

Aquo'sE. adj. [from aqua, Lat.] Watery ;

having the qualities of water. Diii.

^Aq^oo'sity. n.J'. [from aquoje.'\ Wateri-

*' nefs. Dia.

A. R. anna regni ; that is, the year of the

reign: as, A. R. G. R. 20. Anno regni

Georgii regis -vigejimo, in the twentieth

year of the reign of king George.

A'rable. rt<^'. [troma'ro, Lat. to plough.]

Fit for the plough ; fit for tillage ; pro-

dudlive of corn.

His eyes he opcii'd, and beheld a field.
Part arable, and tilth ; whereon were fljeavcs
New reap'd. MiUtn.

"lis good for arable, a glebe that alks
Tough teams of oxen, and laborious talks.

Dryitn.
Having but very little arable land, they are forced
to fetch all their corn from foreign countries.

AdSjon,

ARACHNOI'DES. n.J. [from «e»X">' ^
fpider, and i.l'^, form.]

1. One of the tunicks of the eye, fo called
from its refemblance to a cobweb.

As to the tunicks of the eye, mar.y things
might be taken notice of J the prodigious finenels
of the aracbtiiides, the acute fenle of the retina,

Derham.

2. It is alfo a fine thin tranfparent mem-
brane, which, lying between thi: dura
and the pia mater, is fuppofed to inveft
the whole fubftance of the brain.

Chambers.
ARArCNEE. n.f. [French.] A term in
fortification, which fometimes denotes a
branch, return, or gallery of a mine.

Dia.
Ara'neous. adj. [from aranea, hs-X.. a
cobweb.] Refembling a cobweb.

The curious arancous membrane of the eye con-
ftringeth and dilatethit, and fovarieth its focus.

Derham.

Ara'tion. B./ [aratio, Lat.] The aft or

praftice of ploughing.
Ar a'tory. adj. [from aro, Lat. to plough.]

That which contributes to tillage. Z>«».
A' R B a L I s T . H. /. [from anus, a bow, and

balij}.3, an engine to throw ilanes.] A

croifs-bow.

It is reported by William Brito, that the arcu-
bali;la, nr arbalift, wa. firrt (hewed to the French
by our king Richard the firft, who was fiiortly after
fliin by a quarrel thereof. Camden.

A'RBITER. n.f. [Lat.]
I. A judge appointed by the parties, to
'whofe determination they voluntarily
fubmit.

He would put himfelf into the king's hands,
and make him i.rbiier of tlic peace. Bao^n.

z. One who has the power of decifion or
regulation ; a judge.

Next him, high arbiter,
Chance govi-rns all. Ardfin.

His m.ijefty. In this great conjucfture, fcems to
be generally allowe I for the folc arbiter of the af-
fairs of Chriftendora. Tim/ If.
A'rbitrable. adj. [from arbitror, Lat.]
Arbitrary ; depending upon the will.

A R B

The ordinary revenue of a parfonig* 'u ui laoif
called the glebe } in tythe, a fet part of our goods
rendered to God ; in other offerings beRowcd upon
God by the people, cither in fuch arhiirabte pro-
portion as theii own devotion rooveth them, or a»
the laws or cuftoms of particular placet d > require
them. Sfetman.

Arbi'trament. n. /. [from arbitror,
Lat.] Will ; determination ; choice.
This Ihould be written arbitrement.

Stand fad I to (tand or fall,
Free in thine own arhurament it (lands ;
Pcrfeft within, no outward aid require, -
And all temptation to iranfgrefs rcpd. Miltm.
A'rbitrarily. ad-j. [from arbitrary.'\
With no other rule tliin the will ; de-
fpotically ; abfolutely.

He gnvi-mcd arh'nranly, he WM expelled, and.
came to the dcferved end of all tyrants. Dryien.
Arbitra'rious. adj. \ixaxaarbitrarms.\
Lat.] Arbitrary; depending on the will.
Tbcfeare ftanding and irie.ealable truths, fuch
as have no piecatious exilicnce, or ari.r'^risxs de-
pendence upon any will or uuderftanding whajfo-
ever. iVjrra.

Arbitra'riousi.y. ad'V. [from arhitra-
rious.'] Arbitrarily ; according to mere
will and pleafure.

Where wo, js are impofed arhltrariuifiy, diftorted
from their common ufe, the mind muft be led
intJ mifprifion. Glanvillt.

A' R B I T R A R Y . adj. [arbitrarius, Lat. ]

1 . Defpotick ; abfolute ; bound by no lawt
following the will without relbaint. It
is applied both to perfons and things.

In vain the Tyrian queen refi^ns her life
For the challe glory of a virtuous wife,
If lying bards may falfc amours rehearfe.
And blaft her name with arbitrary verfe. Waljb.

Their regal tyrants (hall with bluflies bide
Their little lufts of arbiirary pride,
Nor bear to fee their vafl.ils ty'd. _ _ Prior,

2. Depending on no rule ; capricious.

It may be perceived, with w'.iat infccurity we

afctibc ctfeiSs depending on the natural period

of tim«, unto arbiirary calculations, and fuch as

vary at pleafure. Bnivn's Vulgar Errouri.

To A'rbitrate. 'v.a. [arbitror, Lat.]

1 . To decide ; to determine.
This might have bc;n prevented, and made

whole,
With very cafy arguments of love.
Which now the manage of two kingdoms muft
With fearful bloody ilfue arbitrate, Shakefftare,

2. To judge of.

Yet waerc an equal poife of hope and fear
Does arbitrate th' event, my nature is
That I incline to hope, ra;her than fear. Mdton.

To A'rbitrate. v. n. To give judg-
ment.

1^ did arbitrate upon the feveral reports ot Icn e,

not like a drowfv judge, only hearing, but alfo

directing thrir verdict. *'""*•

A'rbitrariness. «./. [from arbitrary.]

Defpoticalnefs ; tyranny.

He tint by hanhncfs of naure, and arbilrarinef$
of commands, ufcs his children hke fcivanrs, i»
what ihev mean by a tyrant. lem/'l'. .

ARBiTRA'rioN.n./ [from ar*/Vfor, Lat.]
The determination of a caufe by a judge
mutually agreed on by the parlies coa-
tending.
Arbitra'tor. n.f. [from arbitrate.}
I. An extraordinary judge between party
and party, chofen by their mutual con-
fent. C'"^-^^'-

Be a good foMier, or upright tru/lee,
Ai arbi^rat^r from corrupt, m I'rce. Dryden.

z. A gover uor ; a prefident.

" 1 bou jh

A R B

Though heiv'n be Aut,
And h?av'n\ h'gh arliiraror fit fecure
In his own llicngth, tliis pUca may be cxpos'J.

Milton.

3. He that has the power of prefcribing to
others without limit or coiitroul

ARC

A-k C

An ther Blenheim or Ramiilics wi!i make the
conrideiatcs maftsrs of thcir own terms, and ar-
biirann of a peace. jUJif^ 3„ tht Siau -fthe War.

4. The determiner ; he that p«jts an end
to any afFair.

Bu: now the arbhralor nf defpairs,
Ju!l dea-h, kind umpire of man's mifeie?,
With fweet enlargement doth difmifs me hence.

Sbakifpcari.
The end crowns a!l ;
And that old common arbitrator, time,
\\\\ one day end it. Skai4ptar,.

Arbi'trement. n. /. [from arbitror,
Lat.]

1. Decifion ; determination.

I known tiie knght is inccnfcJ againft ynu, ever
to a mortal artitrcmati ; but nothing of the cir
cumftance more. Sbattfpeare.

We of the offending fije
Muft keep al jof from ftriil arbhrcmer.t. Shjhfb.

Aid was granted, and the quarrel brought to the
arl.:„faM of the fwjrd. Uayward.

2. Conipromife.

Lukewarm p^:rl -ns think they may accommo-
date p«r ts of religion by middle ways, and «itfy
rccorcilcments ; as if they would make an arbi-
trtment between God and man. Bacon.

A'rborary. adj. [artorariui, Lat.] Be-
longing to a tree. /)/^
A'RaoRET. a. f. {arbor, Lat. a tree.] A
fmall tree or (hrub.

tiaarbirit w th painted blofToms died,
And fmelling fweet, but there it might be found.
To bud out fair, and her Iweet fme;ls throw ali
around. Fairj S^uun.

Now hid, now feen,
Among thick woven arhartti, and flow'rs
Imbroider'd on each bank. Miltcn.

Arbo'reous. a.'ij. [arbureiis, Lat.]

1. Belonging to trees; conlHtuting a tree.

A grain of mufljrd ice ,mes arbmrj!. Er.^vr..

2. A term in botany, to diilingaifh fuch
fungufes or mo/res as grow upon trees,
from thofe that grow on the ground.

They fpeak properly, who make it an SbZ?!',
cjcrefcence, r-r rather a Japerplant bred 01 a ,if.
couj and fuprriuou. loop, which the tree itfcif
cannot all.n.ulate. £.<«,„•, r„/^^r Err.ur,

A RBORIST. „./. [arhriji^. Fr. from ar-
tor, a tree] A naturalilt who maKe.
trees his ftudy.

The nature of the mulberry, which the arbcrifh
obferve to oe ionj in the begerting his buds : b.t
the CO d feafons oeing pall, h,r (hoot, them all ou-
'" " "'*•''=• //»W. nr„/ Fcr.l}.

A R EOROus. aJj. [from arbor, Lat. ] Be-
longing to a tree.

frim under Ihiiy arbtnui roof
S«>n as they forth were come to open fight
01 day-ff ring, and the fun. Mi/tcn.

A'r bou r . ;,./ [from arbor, a tree. 1 A
bo«,er ; a place covered with green
branches of trees.

N>, > u Ihah fee mine orchard, where, in an
"';■' ■ -i-l "c a uft year", pipyin of my om
1 ' ' J r . . ShakilLurc

' ■ •'"•'»l»0": thou, where c'ho.cc

'■■ '^"^ "Tf ft needs, whether to wind

' jund this arbtur, or direit

1 n^ , ...Ij.ir.g ,vy where to cim.b, M-Jion.

A * :y'y-^'\' }""■ '"'■i«''"'rb=yr, made.
And Jof frefl, „'n,ng air the op'iwr gUde, DrjJ.n.

Arbopr tine. »./ Afpccies of bind-
weed ; which fee.

A'r Bu sc L E. «.j: [arbu/cula, Lat.] Any
little fhrub. '^ £,^J

A'rbute. »./ [arbutus, Lat.]
T 1*"^""', '"■ ''"'•^''=f'-y-trec, grows common in
Ireland, it is difficult to be railed from th.- feeds
but may be propagated by layers. It grows to j
goodly tree, endures our climate, imlels the wea-
ther be very fevere, and makes beautiful hedges.
„ , , „. Mortimer's Hujbandry.

Kough arJa/f flips into a hazel bough
Are oft ingrafted ; and good apples g,ow
Out of a pfein tree ftock. Mafs yirril.

Arc. „./. [arcus.Lzl.] ^

1. A fegment ; a part of a circle; not
more thart a femicircle.

Their fcgments, or arcs, for the moft part, ex-
ceeded not the tiurd part of a circle.

2. An arch.

Load lome vain church with old theatrick ftate.
Turn arrj of triumph to a garden-gate. J^op^.

Arca de. » /. [French.] A continued

arch ; a walk arched over.
Or call the winds ;hrough long arcadt, to roar,

Prouj tj catch coM at a Venetian door. P,p,
JRCa'NUM. n.f. i„ the fluraUtCMH.A

Latin word, fignifying a fecret.
ARCH. «./ [«%«/, Lat.J

1. Part of a circle, not more than the
half.

The mind perceives, that an arch of a circle Is
lefs th^n the whole ,circle, as clearly as it does tli-
Idea of a circle.

2. A building open below and clofed
above, landing by the form of its own
curve, ufed for bridges and other work';.

Ne'er through an arcb lo hurried the blown tide,
As the recomtorted through the gates. Shairjp.

Let Rome 11, Tiber melt, and the wide arci
Of the ms'd empire fall ! here is my fpace.

«,. , _ Ubiik'fpeare.

1 he royal fquadron marches,
Ereft triumphal <,rri«. Dryden, Alhkn.

3. Ine Iky, or vault of heaven.

Hatii nature given them eyes
- I o fee this vaulted arcb, and the lich c.pe

Or fea an J land? Sbak.Jfcare.

4. From [aj;;©..] A chief: obfolete.
The noble duke, my maftcr,

iWy worthy arcb and patron comes to-night.
.T* A .. ^bakijpcare.

/oArch. -v. a. [areuo,Lu.]

1 . To build arches.

The nations of the field and wood
Bmld on the wave, or arch beneath the fand. Pofe.

2. To cover with arches. «.

Gates or monarchs
Arc arcb'dCo high, that giants may get through.

XI, 1 • ... Sbaktfptare.

The proud river which makes her bed at he-
feet, IS ^chcd over with fuch a curious pile of
ftoncs, that confidering the rapid courfe of th<
deep dream that roars under it, it may well take
p a.e among the wonders of the world. iJnoci

3. To form into arches.

Fine devices of arcLtng water without fpilline
and making it rifc in leveral forms of feathers
and drinking-glafTes, be pretty things to look . n,
but nothing to health and Iwccincr . Baccin

-IRCH. aJj. [from x^-xp-, chief.],

I. Chief; 0/ the firil ciafs.

1 lie tyrannous and b,or,dy afl is done j
Toe moft arcb deed of pitcois malTacre,
1 hat ever yet this land was guilty of. Skaifff.

'I h'--re IS Ijiriing up
An heret-rk, an arcb one, Cranmer. Slakcfp.

2. Wagg.fh ; mirthful; triflingly milchic-
V0U5. This fignification it fteais to have

gained, by being frequently applied 1*
the boy moft remarkable for hii ptaun;.
as, the arc/j rogue ; unlels it be derived.
from Jrc/yy, the name of the jciler to>
Charles 1.

Eugenio fet out from the unive (i y j he h;id
the reputation of an arcb lad at I'choul. Siuip.

Arch, in compofition, fignifies chief, or
of the firft clafs [from H^x^' or «?X''] i
as, archangel, arcbiijhop. It is pro-
nounced varioally with regard to the cL,.
which before a conlbnant found as in
cheefe, as archdeacon ; before a vbwet
like k, as archangel,
Archa'ngel. n.f. [archangelut, Lu.1
One of the higheft order oi angels.

Hii form had yet not loft
All its original b.Ightnefs, nor appear'd-
l.cfs than arriian^f/ ruin'd, and the excefs
Of glory obfcur-d. Mi/tcn^

Tis lure th' archangel's trump I hear,
Nature's great palTing-bcU, the only call
Of God's that will be heard by all. Narris,

Archa'ngel. n.f. \lamium, Lat.] Thfr

name of a plant, called ailb Dead nettle.
Archance'lick. adj. [from archaiigel.\
Belonging to archangels.

He ce is'd, and the arcbangil'ick pow'r prepar'd
For Iwift defccnt ; with him the cohort bright
Ol warchi'ul cherubim. Mdton.-

Archbjj'acon. n.f. [from arch and bea-
con.] The chief place of profpeft, or of
fignaL

. yo" "»il win the top of the Cornilh arebl-racotf
Hainborough, which may for profpcil cimpaie
with Rama in Paleftina. Careiv.

Archbi'shop. n.f. [from arch and bi~
fhop.] A bidiop of the firll clafs, who-
luperintends the condufi. of other bilhops-
his fuffraganst

Cia.imer is return'd witfi welcome,
Injlall'd lord archbijhcp of Canterlniry. Shakefp.-
T he archbipop was the known architcdl of this
"^* '■"'"'-■■k. Clarendon.

Arghei'shoprick. «. / [from arch-
bijhip.y The ftate or juriWiaion of an-
archoifliop.

'Tis the cardinal ;
And merely to revciigi him oh the emperor.
For no; beljowing on him, at his alking.
The archbijhcprkk of Toledo, this is porpos'd,
_,. „ Shakcfteare.

I h:s excellent man, from the time of his pro-
motion to the archbijhi,prkk, underwent the envy
and malice of men who agreed in nothing elfe.

Clarfrdon*
Archcha'nter. n.f. [from arch znA--

chanter.] The chief chanter.
Archde'acon. «./ {archidiaconus,!^^^.^
One that fupplies the biftiop's place and-
offict in Inch matters- as do belong to
the episcopal funftion. The law ftyles
him the bifhop's vicar, or vicegerent.

Ayliffe s Purergon.

Left negligence might foilt in ..bufes, an arch-

' dtaccu was appointed to takeaccountof their doings.

Carfiv's Suri'ty,
AxcHDE'ACOMRy. „.f, [oi-chidiaconattu ^
Lat.] The office or jurifdidlion of ar>
archdeacon.

It oweth lul jeflion to the m-tropolitan of Can-,
terbury, asJ hath one only archdtaranry.

Carczu's Survey.
.-iRCHDE'ACON-SHtP. n.f. [froiH arch-

deaccn.] The office of an archdcaon.
Archdu'k,e.»._/: laichidux:.h:a.\ A title

given-

ARC

'■given to fotue fovereign prince's, as of
.»\allria and Tufcany.

J'niiip aiib4ukt <il' Aurtil.1, during hia vrijajc

.from Uie NctherUni^ touvjijs Sjf-iin, wi^ v.calUer-

tiiiveii lilto Weymouth. Cart'iv^i Snrt-y.

Ao.H Dv'cHKSs. n. f, [from arch iind

iiud'efs.^ A title glvsn to the fifler or

daughter of the arcliJuke 4)f Autlria, or

to the wife of an archduke of I'ufcany.

Aroh-tjiii.o'jophfr. n. f. [from arch

.and.fi.'io/cfier.] Cllief philofopher.

►It is no iinprobjble opinion therrlnre, w'-.idi the
^arcb-^bUojef h<r v^ai off that the chtcfeft ptrfjn in
every houlehjld vti> tlwavs a it wcr; a.king.

Hcker.

.AtkCH-PRE'LATE. ti. f. [froin arch and
prelate. ] Chief prelate.

May wc not w nJcr, tint a man of St. BjCiI's
authority and quality^ ^niarcb-f relate in the hr^ufc
of God, fhouU have bis name tar and wide cillcd
In qucAion ? Hcckir.

Arch-pre'sbvter. «./ [from arch and
/re/iyier.] Chief pre/by ter.

Ai fimpte deacons arc in luijjcClion to prefby-
ters, According to the canon law ; To arc a'fo prel'-
bytcrs and anb-frijiyttn in fubjeiJlion tJ thefc
archdiacons. jlylifft's Parirgan.

Arch-pri'est. ». /. [from arcb and
priefi.'\ Chief prieii.

Titc word dccanus was extended, to an ecc!efi-
allical dignity, which included the arch-prhjii.

Ayltffe'i Parergofi.

Arch aio'locy. n./. [from tifj^ai©'., an-
cient, and x<;-/&-, a difcourfe.] A dif-
courfe on antiquity.

Arch aioi.o'gi cK. atf/. [from archaic-
logy.'\ Relating to a diicourfe on anti-
quity.

A'rchaism. n. f. [a{;^;a>5'//05.^ An an-
cient phrafe, or mode of expreflion.

I fhjiil never ufc arcbaifm^, like Milt->n. If^attf,
t^'f-CHto. participial adj. [from To arch.]
Bent in the form of an arch.

1 Tec how thine eye would emulate the dia-
xn:>nd ; thou hail the right ari-i.i/ bent of the brow.

Sbahjjieare.
Let the arched knife,
•Well flwrpen'd, now aiVail the fpreadlng Aides
Of vegetables. fhilifs.

A'«CHER. n.f. [archer, Fr. from arcus,
.L.it. a bow.] He that (hoots with a
"boiV.; he that carries a bow in battle.

Draw, arcbtr\j draw your arrows to the head.

Shakcjpeiiri.
This Cupid is no longer an archtr ; his glory
Jhall be ours, for wc^src the o/ily love-gods.

^'b.ikijjitare.
Thou frequent hring'ft the fmitten deer ;
.For feldom, itrchtn fay, thy arrows err. Prhr.
i'xcHERY. n. f. [(roxa. arch&i-,'\
jt . The ufc of the bow.

Ammj the Englfli artillery,ai-fi<r;j: challengeth
the pre-emin;nce, as peculiar to our nation.

Cantiiifj.

#. Tiie aft of (hooting with the bow.

Flower of this purple dye,
Hit with t'upiJ's arcbtrf.
Sink in apple nf his eyr !

i.baleff!Arc'i Midf. Nigbt'i Drtfm.

3 . The art of an archer.

Bli-il feraphims (hall leave th-ir quire,
And turn love's foldiers upm thee,
To »i-rcife their arcbtrj, C'ufiiaui'i Hiefs loTtmfk.

S»y from what golden quivers of the Jky
Do all thy wing'-i ar«i>w» tiy ?
S vjftnc'5 and p /.ver by birth a-c thine.
'T'l- 1 biMicve tills ar.bcry to flicw,
"Tbat St> much cjll m colours thou

ARC

And Tall in painting dotl beftn*

Upon thy ancient arms, the gaudy heavenly bow.

A'rch t»-couRT. n.f. [(rotn archei and
ccurt."] The chief and mort ancient con-
fiftof y that belongs to the archbilhop of
Canterbury, for the debating of fpi-
ritual caufes, fo called from Bo*v-church
in London, where it is kept, whofe top
is raifci of (lone pillars, built archivi/e.
The judge of this court is termed the
dean of the arches, or ofHcial of the
arches-court : dean of the arches, bccaufe
with this ofiice is commonly joined a
peculiar jurifdidlion of thirteen parilhes
in London, termed a deanery, being
exempted from the authority of the bi-
fliop of London, and belonging to the
archbifnop of Canterbury ; of which
the parifli of Bow is one. Some others
fay, th.it he was (irft called dean of the
arches, becaule the olficial to the arch-
bilbnp, the dean of the arches, was his
fubilitute in his court ; and by that
means the names became confounded.
The jurifdiflion of this judge is ordi-
nary, and extends through the whole
province of Canterbury : fo that, upon
any appeal, he forthwith, and without
any further examination of the caufe,
fends out his citation to the party ap-
pealed, and his inhibition to the judge
from whom the appeal is made. Coxvell.

A'rch ETYPE. a. /. [archciypnm, Lat.]
The original of which any refemblance
is made.

Our fouls, though they might have perceived
images themfelves by fimple I'er.fe, yet it feems
inconceivable, how they Ihould apprehend their
art h^tyfes. ClanviiWs Scepji:,

As a [iian, a tree, arc the outward objefts of
our perception, anJ the outward anbetypci or pat-
terns of our ideas ; fo our fcnfations of hunger,
cold, arc aifo inward archetypn or patterns of our
ideas. But the notions or pi^ures of thcfe things,
as they a^e in the mind, are the idea.

IVatii's Ligki.

Arche'typal. a.-f/. [archcfyfus, Lat.]
Original ; being a pattern from which
copies are made.

'I hroiigh contempt iticn's opticks I have fecn
Him who is fairer tlian the fons of men :
The f^urce of good, the V'ghi arcbetypai. Ncrrh.

ARCHKUS. n.f. [probably from i^x^-l
A word by which Paracelfus feems to
have meant a power that prefides over
the animal cccononiy, diftinft from the
rational foul.

Arch I D I a'con A L. adj. [from archidia-
cor.us, Lat. an archdeacon.] Belonging
to an archdeacon ; as, this offence is
liable to be ccnfured in an arcbidiaconal
vifitation.

Arch I EPi's COPAL, adj. [horn archiepifco-
piis, Lat. an archbilliop.] Belonging to
an archbi(\iop ; as, Canterbury is an ar-
chiepij'copat {ce ; the (ufFragans are fub-
jail to arfZi»>///(-o/«/ jurildiftion.

A'RCHITECT. r.f. [architeaus. Lit.]

1. A profeffor of the art of building.

The arcbiitfl'i glory confifts in the dcfignment
and idea of the work ; his ambition Ihould be to
make the form triumph over the matter. iV-iU'/it,

2. A contriver of a building ; a builder.

ARC

The haSy ma'.titu!:
-Admiring enterd, and t!ie «o.k feme p>»f!^.
And f imc the artbitfB : his baud was known
In hesv'n, by many a tow'icd ft.-udure h'gh.
Where fcepter'd angcli held their rc/idcnce,
And fat as princes. Afu'l.it.

3. The contriver or former of aiiy com-
pound body.

I'his ir^.cnvvSnlencte Ac iWine. arcbiteB of the
body obviaceJ. Kay <m lie Creaikn.

4. The contriver of any thing.

An irreligious Moor,
Chief arcbiirfl and plotter of th'fe woes. Skejiefp,
Archite'ctive. adj. [from archiieJl,"\
That performs the works of architeilure.

How could the bodies of many of tiiem, par-
ticularly the la{l meationcd, be furoiOied with
arcb'nt^'ive materials ? Derb. Pb)Jicu'7be'-l'>^,

Arch iTEcro'Ni«K. adj. [from a^;^®-,
chief, and Ti'xrii, an artificer.] That
which has the po>ver or (kill of an ar-
chiieft ; that which can build or form
any thing.

'1 o fay that fome more fine part of either, or
all the hypoftaiical principle, is the architeft of
this elaborate ilrudlure, is to g've occaiion to de-
mand what proportion of the t;ia prima afforded
this architifl^nkk fpirit," and what agent made to
flcilful and h :p;^y a mixture. Boyle,

A R c H I T e'c t u r e . «. /." [architei3ura,LAl.l

1 . The art or fcience of building.

Arch'nefiure is divided into civil mcbiteHare,
called by way of eminence arcbiteflure ; military
arcbiteSture, or fortilication ; and naval arcbitu-^
turey which, befides building of ihips and vefTcis,
includes alio ports, moles, Hocks, ^c, Chambtru

Our fathers next in arcbircfture rttiird.
Cities for ufe, and forts for fafeiy build :
Then palaces and lofty domes arofe,
Thcfe for devotion, and for pleafure thofe.

Blackmirre,

2. The efFeft or performance of tlie fcience
of building.

The foimacion of the firft earth being a piece
of divine architcnitre, afcribed to a particular pro-
vidence. Burnet's Theory.
A'rchitrave. n.f. [from asyyi, chief,
and trabs, Lat. a beam ; becaufe it is
fuppofed toreprefent the principal beam
in timber buildings.] That part of a
column, or order of a column, which
lies immediately upon the capital, and
is the loweft member of the entablature.
This member is different in the differ-
ent orders ; and, in building architrave
doors and windows, the workman fre-
quently follows his own fancy. The
arcbitra've is fometimes called the rea-
fon piece, or mailer beam, in timber
buildings, as porticos, cloyfters, toV. In
chimaies it is called the mantle-piece ;
and over jambs of doors, and lintels o£
windows, hyperthyron. Builder's Dici.
The materials laid over this pillar were of
wood ; tlirough the lightnefs whereof the ardii-
trave<a^\i mtfuH'cr, nor the column itfcif, bi'ing
fo fub:i.intial. H'otton's Archit(Surt%

Wjftward a pompous front fpiece appcar"d,
On Dorick pidars of white marble rearM,
Cr own'd with an architrave of antique mold,
And fculptuie rifing on the roughen'd gold. Pcfe,

A'rchives. n.f. 'without ajingalar. [ar-
ehinja, Lat.] The places where records
or ancient writings are kept. It is per-
haps fometimes ufed for the writings
themfelves.

Though we think our words vanifh with the
breath that utters them, ys: they become records

in

\

A R D

!n Cod's court, and are Ijid up in hU arch'i'Ots, as
witncffes cither for or againft us.

Gwtrn:nenf of the 'Torgue,
I (hall now only look a little into the Mrlaic
arcbi-ves, to obleivi: whit they furniih us with up-
on this fubjefl, JVaiiiicarJ .
A'rchwise. aJv. [from arch and 'wije.'\
In the form of an arch.

The court of arches, lo called ah arcmita ecckjia,
or fiom Bow-church, by .-i!afon ot the ileeple or
clochier thereof, railed at tlie top with ftone pil-
lars, in faOiion of a bow bent arciivijs,

AyU^il Parsrgor..

Arci'tenent. adj. [arcitencr.s, Lat.]
Bow- bearing. Dicl.

Arcta'tion. n.f. [frora/jr5a,tollraiten.]
Straitening ; confinement to a nar-
rower compafs.
A'rctick. }i./. [from a^-x!®-, the north-
ern conflellation.] Northern ; lying un-
der the Arftos, or bear. See Artick.

Evcr-during fi.o^\s, perpetual fhades
Of darkncfs would congeal their livid btood.
Did not the ar^kk tradl fpontaneous yield
A cheering f^urple berry big \vith-v/ine. Phu'ifyi^
A'rctick Circle. The circle at which the

northern frigid zone begins.
A'rcu.ate. at/J. [anuatus, Lut.'l Bent in
the form of an arch.

The caufe of the confuHon in founds, and the
inccnfjfion of fpecics vifible, is, for that the
ii^hc worketh in right lines j but founds, that
move in obiiejue and arcuate linesy mull needs
enccuntcr'ai:d dillurb the one the other.

Bacon' i Natural Jiijlory,
In the gu'let, where it perforateth the midriti,
the carncous iibrcs ate infle^ed and arcuate,

Ray en the Creatkn,

A'rcuatile. ai(j. [from arcuale.'\ Bent;
infleded. Dia.

Arcua'tion. n.f. [from arcuate."]

1. The aft of bending any thing ; incur-
vation.

2. The ftate of being bent ; curvity, or
crookednefs.

3. [In gardening.] The method of raifing
by layers fuch trees as cannot be railed
from feed, or that bear no feed, as the
elm, lime, alder, willow ; and is fo
called from bending down to the ground
the branches which fpring from the off-
fets 01 ftools after they are planted.

Chambers.
A'rcuature. n.f. [arcuatura, low Lat.]
The bending or curvature of an arch.

Dic7.
Arcuba'lister. «./ [from arcus,a bow,
and balijla, an engine.] A crofsbow-
man.

King John was efpied by a very good arcuLa-
lijler, whj faid, that he would foon difpatch the
tru«l tyrant. Cod fuilid, vile varlet, quoth the
carl, tint we Ihould procure tl>e d-ath of the h«ly
one of GcJ. CamJen'i Rtmain-..

Ard. [Sa.xon.] Signifies natural difpofi-
tion ; as, GodJarJ, is a divine temper ;
Rtinard, a fiiicere temper ; Ciffard, a
b3untifal and liberal difpofition ; Ber-
nard, filial aiTeition. Gibjln'i Camden.

A'rdenc Y. «.yi [from rtrfli'«/.] Ardour;
eagernefs ; warmth of afFeftion.

Accepted ojr prayer* (hall be, if qualified with
humility, and ardrvcy, and perfcvcrancc, fo far as
converns the end immediate to them.

llan:mtiid'i Pratl. Catechifm.

TJie inefl'able happincfj of our dear Redeemer
n-.'ift needs bring an incrfafeto nuts, c:;mr«ien
filiate to (lie aynticj of bur k)vc for him. £ayie. )

ARE

A'RDENT. adj. [ardem, Lat. burning.]

1. Hot ; burning ; fiery.

Chymifts obferve, that vegetables, as lavender,
rue, marjoram, (gc. diftilled before fermentation,
yield o!!3 without any burning fpirits ; but, after
fcrmcnration, yield ardent fpirits without oib ;
which (hews, that their oil is, by fern.entation,
converted into fpirit. Nctitcn^s Optichs.

2. Fierce ; vehement ; having the appear-
ance or quality of fire.

A knight of fwarthy face
High on a cnle-black deed purfucd the chacc ;
With flalhing flames his ardtnl eyes were fill'd.

Drydsn,

3. Paflionate ; afFeftionate : ufed gene-
rally of defire.

Another nymph with fatal pow'r may rife,
To damp the finking beams of C2e.ii's eyes ;
With haughty pride may hear her charms confeft.
And fcorn the ardent vows that I have blelt. Prior.
A'RDENTLr. adt\ [from ardent.] Eager-
ly ; afFeftionatt^y.

With true zeal may our hearts be mod arder.tly
inflamed to our religion. Sj^rait's Sermms.

A'rdour. n.f. [«r</or, Lat. heat.]

1. Heat.

Joy, like a ray of the fun, leflcfts with a greater
ardfiur and quicknefs, when it rebounds upon a
man from the brcaft of his friend. Smith.

2. Heat of afFeflion ; as, love, defire,
courage.

The 1 idiers fliout around with gen'rous rage;
He prais'd their ardour, inly pleas'd to fee
His hoft. Drydeti,

Unmov'd the mind of Ithacut remain'd.
And the v^in ardours of our love rfflrain'd. Pope.

3. The perfon ardent or bright. This is
only ufed by Milton.

Nor delayed the winged faint,
After his charge receiv'd ; but from among
Thoufand celellial ardours, where he flood
Veil'd with his gorgeous wings, up-fpringing light.
Flew thro' the raiJlt of heav n. Faradij'e Lcfi.

Ardu'ity. n.f. [from arduous.] Height;
difficulty. '- £)ia.

A'RDUOUS. adj. [arduus, Lat.]

1 . Lofty ; hard to climb.

High oi\ I'arnalTus' tip her fons (he Ihow'd,
And pointed out thofc arduous paths they trod.

Pote.

2. Difficult.

It was a means to bring bim up in the fchool
of arts and policy, and fo to fit him for that
great and arduous employment that God deflgned
him to. South.

A'rduousness. a. f. [from arduous.]
Height ; dilEculty.

Are. The third perfon plural of the pre-
fent teiife of the verb to be ; as, young
men are rafh, old are cautious.

ARE, or Jlamire. The lov/eft note but
one in Guido's fcale of mufick.

Gamut I am, the ground of all accord,
.Are to plead Hortenfio's paflinn ;

B ml Hianca take him for thy lord,
C faut, that loves with all afFeiSion. Shakeff.

A'rea. n.f. [Latin.]

1. The furface contained between any
lines or boundaries.

The area of a triangle is found by knowing the
height and the bafe. y/aiis's Logkk.

2. Any open furface, as, the fioor of a
room ; the open part of a church ; the
vacant part or llagc; of an amphitheatre.
An inclofeJ place, as fills, or a bowling-
green, or gral's-plot.

J-et us conceivi! a floor or area of goodly length,
with the breadth lomcwhat ra-jre than half the
longitude. Ik'ollon.

The Alban lake V, of an oval fl^ure, and, by

A R G

reafon of the high mountains that encompafs It,
looks like the area of fome vaft amphitheatre.

In areas varv'd \\ith Mofaick art,
Some whiil the di(k, and fome the javlin dart.

Pope.

To Are'ad, or Are'ed. 'v. a. [apebati.
Sax. to counfel.] To advife ; to direcl.

Knights and ladies g^^ntle deeds,
Whofe praifes having (leiit in liience long.

Me, all too meanc, the facrcd mufe arecds
To blazon broad. Fairy Slueen,

But mark what I arcad thee now : avant.
Fly thither whence thou llfd'ft ! If from this houf
Within thefe hallow'd limits thou appear,
Bav:k to th' infernal pit 1 drag thee cha'.n'd.

Paradife Lop.
Arefa'ction. «. f. [arefacio, Lat. to
dry.] The ftate of growing dry ; the
aft of drying.

From them, and their motions, principally pro-
ceed arefaUhn, and moft of the cffefls of nature.

Bacon.

To A'refy. <v. a. [arefacio, Lat. to dry.]
To dry ; to exhauft of moifture.

Heat dricth bodies that do cafily expire, as
parchment, leaves, roots, clay, ^c. and fj dotll
time or a^e arefy, as in the lame b -dies, ^c.

Bacon's Natural Hifioryi
Arena'ceous. ai^j. [arena, Lat. fand.]
Sandy ; having the qualities of fand.

A p'ece of the ilonu of the fame mines, of a
yellowiih brown colour, an arenaceous f.iabic fub-
iiance, and with fome white fpar mix^d with it.

JVo:dloard on FojJ'ils.

-Aren a'tion'. n.f. [fiom areng, Lat.
fand.] Is ufed by fome phyficians for
a fort of dry bath, when the patient fits
with his feet upon hot fand. Z)/>7.

AaENo'sE. ai(/. [from «)-fna, Lat.] San-
dy ; full of fand. Dit^.

Ahe'nulous. adj. [from arentila, LaC.
fand.] Full of fmall fand ; gravelly.

Areo'tick. a^'. [il^-aioTixa.] Attenuents,
applied to medicines that diffolve vilci-
dities, fo that the morbifick matter may
be carried off by fweat, or infenfible-
perfpi ration. Di^.

Areto'logy. n.f. [from i-^irt), virtue,
and Myu, to difcourfe.] 'I'hat part of
moral philofophy which treats of virtue,
its nature, and the means of arriving at
it. Diol.

A'rgal. n.f. Hard lees flicking to the
fides of wine-veflels, more commonly
called tartar. Di^.

A'rgent. adj. [from argent urn, Lat.
fiiver.]

1. The white colour ufed in the coats of
gentlemen, knights, and baronetc, fup-
pofed to be the reprefentation of that
metal.

RinaUo flings
As f-.vift as fiery lightning kindled new,
flis argent eagle, with her fllver wings
In lield of azure, fair Erminia knew. Fairfax.

In an argent fit'ld, the g^d of war
Was drawn triumphant on his iron car. Drydctr,

2. Silver ; bright like filvcr.

Thofe argent Jitlds more likely habitants,
Traiillated laiat:, or middle fpirits, hold.
Betwixt th' angelical and human kind. Mi/lctt,

Or alk o( y'lnder argent fields above.
Why Jove's I'atcilites are lei's than Jove. Pope,

Argenta'tion. n.f. [from nrjrentum ,Lv.%,
filver.] An overlaying with filvcr. Dicl.

A'r G E N r I N e . adj. [nrgeiitin, Kr. j Sound -
ing like filver. Diit.

A'rcil,

AUG

A'nciL. n. /. [arg.'lLi, Lat.] Potters
clay ; a fat fott Ian J .of earth of which
veffels are made.

Ah OIL I a'ceovs. a!^J.:[fromargil.'] Clay-
ey ; partaking of the nature of argil;
conliiling of argil, or potters clay.

Argi'llou*. vj.ij. [from argil.] Confin-
ing of clay.; dayilh ; containing clay.

.Htbuquer^'ic dcrivts this rcJiiel« from clic iand
and argUlaus tidrtli ac the boct.>m.

A'rgosv. e. / [derived by Pope from
jirgo, the name of Jafon's (hip; fup-
pofed by others to be a veflcl of Rugufu
or Rago/a, a Ragoxine, corrupted.] A
large veflel f>'r merchandize ; a carrack.

Vour mind ii ti^Hinj: on the ocean ;
There where your argcfia with portly I'ailf
Like ftgniors and rich burghers on the flood.
Do ovcrpeer the pcct^ traffickers.

Shaktff, Mtrcianl tfVemct.

To A'RGUE. f. «. \_arguo, Lat. J
a. To rcafon ; to offer reafons.

I know y >ur majcfty has always iov'd her
So dear iji hcart/not tj dtrny her what
A woman of lefs p'ace might afk by law ;
Scholars aliow'd fr«Iy to argut for her.

Skaitfp- H.riy VIII.
Publick argmng oft fci-ves not t-nly to exafpe-
rate the mindt, but to wbec the wits of heieti'ks.

t>tcay of fie' y.
An idea of motion, not paflTing on, would per-
plex any one, who ihould crguc from fuch an idea.

Locke.

2. To perfaade by argument.

It is a fort of poetical logick which I would
make ufc of, to arg^ie you into a profeftion oi
this phiy. Ctmgreiie^s Ded. toOld Bachdcr.

3. To difpute ; with the particles ivith or
againft before the opponent, and againjl
before the thing oppofed.

Why do Chriftians, of fcvcral pcrfuafions, fo
fiercely arguiagawji the falvability of each other ?

Decay of Pkty.

He that Vy often arguing againfi bis own (enk,
impjfcs falfehoods on others, is not far frrm be-
lieving hi mf If. Locke.

1 do not iee how they can argue tvlib any one,
v/ithout fetting down ftridl boundaries. Locke.

To A'rcue. 'v.a.

1 . To .prove any thing by argum'ent.

If t'lc wn.'id's .ige and ocith le urgufd well.
By the fjn's fall, which now towards earth doth
bend,

Then we nii^ht fcar tSat virtue, fince flie fell
So low as woman, flioulJ be near her end. Donne.

2. To debate any queftion ; as, to argue a
caufc.

3. To prove, as an argument.

So many iawi argue (a many iins
. Among them : how cjn God with luch rcfide ?

Mi!""-
It a'guet diflemper of the mind as well as ■»
the bt''dy, w'nn a man is continually roHing fro:i:
ore fiJe t) t>ic other. South.

This argues a virtue and d'fp fition ia thofe
fid's 0;" the ray.*, which ar.fvvcrs t ■ thit virtue
and difpolition of the chrylta. tJewlen's Of.icks

4. To charge with, as a crime ; with oy.

I haft p.iared gul;. to all I'm i^lits and ei-
preiTi 'n*; of mi.ie, which can be t uly argued fl
obfccnity, p oia;!enef8, or immorility. and r'tra.
tb;m. £!r, -Jen's fjiies.

,The accid-nts are not th'! fame, w.iich would
liave argued him tf a fervilc c^py'ng, and t"tat
ba.renneis of invcotian j yet the i.as wer* tr
fa-ne. Drydcn i Faoia.

A'ncuER. »./. ffrom argue.] A reaioner;
a dilj^ater ; a controvertill.

A R G

Men «re afhamed to be profelytes to a wra';
arguiry as thinking they mult part with their ri -
putacion as well as their lin. Decay cf Piety.

Neither good Chiiliians nor good argue:.

yltterbury.

A'roument. »./. [argumen/um. Lit.]

1. A reafon alleged for or againlt any
thing.

We fometrmes fee, on our theatres, vice re-
warded, at leall unpunished ; yet it ought not to
be an argument agaiuH the art. Dryden.

When any thing is proved by as good argu-
ments as that thing is capable of, fuppt (ing it
were ; we ought not in reafon to make any doubt
of the exiftence of that thing. Tillcifim.

Our author's two great and only arguments to
prove, th^t heirs ai« lords over their brethren.

Locke.

2. The fubjeftof any difcourfe or writing.

That (lie who ev'n but now was your bell object.
Your praifc's argument, balm, of your age,
Dearert and beft. Shaktff. King Lear,

To the height of this great argument
1 may afiert eternal providence.
And jullify the ways of God to man. Milton.

Sad talk ! yet argument
Not lefs, but more heroick tlian the wrath
Of rtcrn Achilles. Mi/ton.

A much longer difcourfe my argument requires j
your merciful difpolitions a much Ihorter.

Sjtrutt's Scrmcns.

3. The contents of any work fummed up
by way of abftraft.

The argument of the work, that is, its prin-
cipal atlion, the ceconomy and difpolition of it,
are tile things which diftinguifli copies from ori-
ginals. Dryden.

4. A controverfy.

Thii day, in argument upon a cafe,
Some woids there grew 'twixt Somerfct and me.

Shakcfpeare.

An argument that fell out laft nighc, where

each oi us fell in praife of our country miilfeifes.

Shakeff, Cymbeline,

If the idea be not agreed on betwixt the ipeaker

and hearer, the argument is not about things, but

name?. Locke.

5 . It h.ts fometimes the particle to before
the thing to be proved, but generally

1 he beft mor.il argument to patience, in my
opinion, is the advantage of patience itlclf.

"Tillotfon.

This, befote that revelation had enlightened
the world, was the very bed argummt fir a future
ftate. ylttcriur) .

6. [In aftronomy.] An arch by which
we feek another unknown arch, propor
tioiial to the firft. Cbamberi.

Argume'ntal. adj. \fxQm. agi'ment.]
Belonging to argument ; rea{b'ning.

Affl.de-l fnfe thou ki: dl) doll fc: free,
Opprefs'd with arguwcntal ty.'anny,
And routed reafon fiads a lafe retreat in thee.

P,.i,.
Argu menta'tion. n. f. [from argu
menf.] Reafoning; the aft of reafoning.
Argumir.tation is tliat opeiation of the ininH,
whereby we infer one propofition from two ir more
propoiitions premifcd. Or it is t!ie d.a^ving a
conc'ufion, wh'eh i>eftjre was unknown, or doubt
fu*, from lomc propofi ions more kn.iwn ard evi-
dent; io when we hue julgcd that matter can-
not think, and that the mind of man doth think,
we c include, that therefore the mi.'-d of man is
not maticr. Waits's Logick

I fupp itz it is no ill tnpick of argumentaticn
to fli:rf the p'-cvaienc? ot contempt, by tlie C'):.
Ira y influe:ice» ot refpcfl. Soutt

His thuui;ht.< niuft be mifculinc, full of argu
tnnr jiion, i.ii thjt fulHeiently warm. Dryden.

riic whole couric of bis argumcniction comes M
■ t'ling. Mdifin.

ARGUME'NTATlVE.«^'.[frOJnflr^«raM/.]

A R I

1. Confifling of argument; containing
argument.

1 nis oraiQion, confidering the bounds within
which the argumentative part of my difcourlc waa
conlined, I could not avoid.

jitierhury's Pref, to tit Sermim.

2. Sometimes with «/", but rarely.

Another thing argumenrat: •. e cf providence, is
that pappous plumage growing upon the tops of
Tome feeds, whereby they arc v.'afted with the
wind, and dinirminated far and wide. Ray.

3. Applied to perfons, ditputatious ; dif-
pofed to controverfy.

A'r G u T E . adj. \argato, Ital. argutut, Lat.]

1. Subtle; witty; (harp.

2. Shrill.

A'RIA. n.f. [Ital. in mnfick.] An air,

fong, or tune.
A'kid. adj.i \arldus, Lat. dr}'.] Dry;

parched up.

My complexion is become aduft, and my body
arid, by viliting lands. Aituthnot and Pope.

His harden'd fingers deck the gaudy fpring.
Without hira (ummer were an aridvt&jt. l,bo»J.

Ari'dity. n.f. [from ar/</.]

1. Drynefs ; Cecity.

Salt taken in great quantities will reduce an ani-
mal body to the great extremity ui aridity, or dry-
r.efs. ylrbuthnct on Al.mints.

2. In the theological fenfe, a kind of in*
fenfibility in devotion, contrary to unc-
tion or tcndernel's.

Strike my foul with lively apprehenfions of thy
exce.lcncies, to bear up my fpirt under the greatelt
aridities and dejeflions, with the delightful profpcft
of thy glories. Ntrris,

J'RIES. n.f. [Lat.] The ram ; one of
the twelve figns of the zodiack ; the firft
vernal fign.

At lall from jiries rolls thebounteous fun,
And th^ bright Bull receives him. Tb^mfon*

To Ari'etate. f. ». [«nV/fl, Lat.]

1 . To butt like a ram.

2. To llrike in imitation of the blows
which rams give with their heads.

Arieta'tion. ti.f. [from ar/>/fl/r.]

1. The aft of butting like a ram.

2. The aft of battering with an engine
called a ram.

The Ihength of the percuflion, wherein ord-
nance do exceed all arietations and antient inven-
tions. Bacon.

3. The aft of ftriking or conflifting in ge-
neral.

Now thofc heterogeneous atoms, by thcmfelves,
hit fo exaftly into their proper relidence, in the
midft of fuch tumultuary motions, and arielatiint
of other pai tides. Ghnti/ie.

ARIE'TTJ. n.f. [Ital. in mufick.] Alhort

air, fong, or tune.
.Ari'ght. adv. [from d and r/f/'/.]

1. Rightly ; with.;ut mental errour.

How him I lovd, and iove with all my might;

So thought I ckc of him, and think I th.jught a-

rigbt. SpcKJ'er.

Thcfc were thy thoughts, and thou could'li juige

aright.

Till intere'.l made a jaundice in tliy fight. Vryd.

The morions of the tongue a/c fo eafy, .ind fo

fubtle, that you can hardly conceive or dittinguifli

them aright. Hrddif^

2. Rightly ; withsut crime.

A generation that let not their heart aright.

Pfjlms.

3. Rightly ; without failing of the end
deiigned.

Gu.irdian of groves, and g:iJdef$ of the night,
Tair queen, he faid, diced my dart arght. Dryd.

Ariola'tion.

A R I

Ari-ola'tion, or Hariola'tion. k. /.
\J:ariolus, Lat. a foothfayer.] Soothfay-
ing ; vaticination.

The pricfts of elder time deluded their appre-
henftons with arUJatitny foothfaying, and ("uch
oblique idolatries- Brvw-n.

AniO'SO. n. j: [Ital. in mufick.] The
movement of a ormmon air, fong, or
tune. Di3.

To Ari'se. "v. n. pret. arofe, particip.
arifin. [from /i and riJeJ\

1. To mount upward as the fun.

He r< I'e, and, lookirj; up, beheld the (kics
With purple blufhing, and the day a^c* Vrydcn,

2. To get up as from fleep, or from reft.

So Kfdras aroj^ up, and faid unto them, ye have
tranfgrefled the law. i EJd, ix. 7.

How long wilt thou deep, O fluggard ; when
wilt thou arife out or' thy fleep ? Prfjv. vi. 9.

3. To come into view, as from obfcurity.

There Ihall arift falfe Chrifts and falle prophets.

Matl.xx'iv.

>4.. To revive from death.

Thy dead men (hall live, together with my
body ihall they arifc : awake and fing, ye that
dwell in duft. Jfa'nk, xxvi. 19.

5. To proceed, or have its original.

They which were fcattered abroad upon the
perfccution that amje about Stephen, traveled as
far as Photnice. yllii, xi. 19.

1 know not what mifchief may atifi hereafter
from the example of fuch an innovation. Dryden,

6. To enter upon a new llation, to fucceed
to power or office.

Another Mary then arcfr,
And did rig'rous laws impol'c. Ci/u-ley

7. To commence holUlity.

And when he arcfe againil me, I caught him
by his beard, and fmote him. i iVm. xvii. 35.

For the various fenfes of this word,
fee Rise.
ARISTO'CRACY. n.f. [S^.r©-, greateft,
and x^uliu, to govern.] That form of
government which places the fupreme
power in the nobles, without a king,
and exclufively of the people.

The artjloiracy of Venice hath admitted io
many abufes through the degeneracy of the nobles,
that [he period of id duration feems to approach.

Sioift,
Aristocra'tical. ■) a<^', [from arifio-
Ar istocra'tick. i cmcy.] Relating to
ariftocracy ; including a form of govern-
ment by the nobles.

Ockham diftinguiHies, that the papacy, or ec-
clefiailical raonarcliy, may be changed in an ex-
traordinary manner, for fomc time, into an ar-Jfo-
criK.w/ form of government, J^si'fft-

Aristocr a'ticalness. n.f. [from urif-
tocraticai.] An ariftocratical ftate. Z);V7.

Ari'thmancy. n./. [from a^iS/io;, num-
ber, and ftatTfia, divination.] A fore-
telling future events by numbers. DiS.

A R I T H M e't I c a l . ai/J. [from arilhmetick. ]
According to the rules or method of
arithmetick.

The principles of bodies may be infinitely fmall,
not only beyond all naked or aflifted fenfe, but be-
yond all tfririwrtiftf/ operation or conception. Gntv,

The fquarea of tlic dianictecs of thefe rings,
made by any prifniatlck colour, were in arithmcii-
cal progrejTion, as in the fifth oblervation* Nrwtcn,
A R I T H M e't I c a l l V . ad'v. [from arithme-
tical.] In an arithmetical manner ; ac-
cording to the principles of arithmetick.

Though the fifth part of a xefies being a fimpic
fradlion, and ar':thmttkellj ri-gular, it is yet no pro-
per part of that mcafoie. Artuthmi en Coint.

Vol. I.

ARM

Arithmeti'cian. n.f. [from arithme-
/;VX-.] A mafler of the art of numbers.

A man had net-d be a pood iiridmetldar, to un-
derftand thii author's works. His defcription runs
f>n like a multirlicarion table. Add'fcit.

ARI'THMETICK, »./. [u^i^^^, num-
ber, and fjur^fu, to meafure.] The
fcience of numbers ; the art of compu-
tation.

On fair ground I could beat forty of them ;
But now 'tis odds beyond jr]:hmet'uk, Shak. CcritjL

The chriilian religion, according to the apuf-
tles arithmetick, hzth but thefe thiec parts of it;
fobriety, juftice, religion. Taylor.

Ark. k./. [arra, Lat. a cheft.]

1. A veflel tofwim upon the water, ufually
applied to that in which Noah was pre-
ferved from the univerfal deluge.

Make thee an ark of gopher wood ; rooms Ihalt
thou make in the ark, and ftialt pitch it within and
without. Gene/is,

The one juft man alive, by his command.
Shall build awond'rous ark, as thou beheld'ft.
To favc himfclf and houfehoid, from amidft
A world devote to un'.verfal wreck. Milton.

2. The repofitory of the covenant of God
with the Jews.

This coffer was of ihittim wood, covered with
plares or leaves of gold, being two cubits and a
half in length, a cubit and a half wide, and a cu-
bit and a half high. It l^d two rings of gold on
each fide, through which die i^aves were put for
carrying it. Upon the top of it was a kind of gold
crown all around it, ir.d two cherubim were faf-
tf ned to the cover. It contained the two tables of
ftone, written by the hand of Cod. Calmet.

Ar.m. n.f. [eapra, eopm. Sax.]

1. The limb which reaches from the hand
to the (houlder.

If I have lift up my hand againll the fatherlefs,
when I faw my help in the gate, then let mine
ar)K fall from my Ihoulder-blade, and mine arm
be broken from the bone. yob.

Like hclplefs friends, who view from (hoie
The lab'ring (hip, and bear the tcmpeil roar.
So ftood they with their armi acrofs. DryJen.

2. The bough of a tree.

The trees Iprcad out their armt to fliade herface,
But ihc on elbow leaned. SiJt.ey.

Where the tall oak his fpreading arms entwines.
And with the beech a mutual Ihad: combines. Cay.

3. An inlet of water from the fea.

Full in the centre of the facicd wood.
An arm aclfeth of the Stygian flood. PryJ. JEtt.

We have yet feen but an arm of this fta of
beauty. ' Ntrrii.

4. Power; might. In this fenfe is ufed
the fecular arm. Sec.

Curfcd be the man that trufteth in man, and
maketh fl-(h his atm, and whofe heart departcth
from the Lord. 'Jrr, xvii. 5.

O God, thy arm was here !
And not to us, but to thy arm aJone,
Afcribe we ail. abak.fp. Hen. V,

Arm's e:id. n.f. A phrafe taken from
boxing, in which the weaker man may
overcome the ftronger, if hfe can keep
him from clofing.

Such a one as can keep him at arm's errt, need
never wifli for a better companion. Storey's ./^rcad.

For my falcc be comfortable, hold death awhile
at the arm's erj. Shakifpeare.

In the fame fenfe is ufed arm's length.
To ARM. v. a. [armo, Lat.]
1 . To furnifh with armour of defence, or
weapons of offence.

And when Abram heard that his brother was
taken captive, he armej his trained fcrvants, born
in his own houfc, three hundred and eighteen, and
purfucd them unto Dan. Ceiijis.

ARM

True ccnfcious honour Is to feel no fin ;
He's arm'd without that's innocent within. Pcpe.

2. To plate vvith any thing that may ac
ftrength.

Their wounded fteeds
Yerk out th^n armed heels at their dead mifters.

ShakLlp-vre.

3. To furnifh ; to fit up ; as, to ar?n a
loadllone, is to cafe it with iron.

You muft arm your hook with the line in ths
infide of it. IVakon's Angler.

Having wafted the callus, I lelt tff thole tents
and drefii;d it with others a>m«</with digeftives.
fp'ij'man's Surgery.

4. To provide againll:.

HiS fervant, arm'd againft fuch co>ercure.
Rep ^rted unto all, that he was lure
A noble geiitleman of hit;h rega.d. Spmjer.

To ARM. 'V. n\ To take arms ; to be fitted
with arms.

Think we king Harry ftrong;
And, princes, look you ftrongly arm to meet him.

Shakespeare.

ARMJ'DA. n f. [Span, a fleet of war.]
An armament for fea ; a fleet of war. It
is often erroneoufly fpelt armado.

In all the mio-earth feas was leit i;o road
Wherein the pagan his bold head untwines.

Spread was the huge armado wide and broad.
From Venice, Genes, and towns which them con-
fines. Fairfax.

So by a roaring temped on the flood,
A whole armado of collccled fail ■-'

Is fcatter'd and disjoin'd from fellcwfhip. Stake/.

At length, refolv'd f alfert the wat'ry ball.
He in himfelf did whole armados bring:

Him aged fcamen might then majler call.
And chofe for general, were he not their king.

Dryden,

JRMJDfLLO n.f [Spanifli.] A tour-
footed animal of Biafil, as big as a cat,
with a i'nout like a hog, a t.iil like a li-
zard, and feet like a hedge-hog. He
is armed all over with hard fcales like
armour, whence he takes his name, and
retires under them like the tortoife. He
lives in holes, or in the water, being
of the amphibious kind. His fcales are
of a bony or cartilaginous fubllance, but
they are eafily pierced. This animal
hides himfelf a third part of the year
under ground. He feeds upon roots,
fugar-canes, fruits, and poultry. When
he is caught, he draws up his feet and
head to his belly, and rolls himfelf up
in a ball, which the ftrongcft hand can-
not open ; and he muft be brougkt near
the fire before he will fliew his nofe.
His fleih is white, fat, tender, and more
delicate than that of a fucking pig.

Trcvoux.

A'rmamekt. n.f. [armamenlum, Lat,]
A force equipped for war ; generally
ufed of a naval force.

Armamh'ntary. it.f. [armamentarium,
Ivat.] An armory ; a magazine or ar-
fenal of warlike implements. jO;V7.

A'rman. n.f A confeftion for reftoring
appetite in horfes. Diff.

A'rmature. n.f [armatura, Ijat."]

I. Armour ; fomcthing to defend tiie body
from hurt.

Others (hould be armed with hard fliells; others
with prickles ; the reft, that have no luch arma-
ture, fhould be endued with great fwiftnefs and
pernicity. Ray on the Creation.'

z. OfFenfivc weapons ; lefs properly.

P Tlie

ARM

The double armaiurt it a more Jeftruflive en-
EMic than th« lumultuary we»pon. Duay of Pie (f.

AKMEb. a,ij. [in heraldry.] Is ufed in
refped of bealls and birds of prey, when
their teeth, horns, feet, beak, talons,
or tuiks, are of a difterent colour from
the reft ; as, he bears a cock or a falcon
armed, or. Chalmers.

Armed Chair, n. f. [from armed and
rhair."] An elbow chair, or a chair with
refts for the arms.

Arme'nian Bole. n.f. A fatty medicinal
kind of earth, of a pale rtddilli colour,
which takes its name from the country
of Armenia.

Ahme'nian Stofie. n.f. A mineral flone
or earth of a blue colour, fpotted with
green, black, and yellow ; anciently
brought only from Armenia, but now
found in Germany, and the Tyrol. It
bears a near refemblance to lapis lazuli,
from which it feems only to differ in
degree of maturity ; it being fofter, and
fpeckled with green inftead of gold.

Chambers.

Arme'ntal, \adj. [armentalis, or nr-

A'rmentine. iMf»//»aJ, Lat.] Belong-
ing to a drove or herd of cattle. DiS.

Armento'se. adj. [armcnto/us, Lat.] A-
bounding with cattle. Z);<3.

A'rmgaunt. adj. [from arm and^fl«»/.]
Slender as the arm.

So he nodded.
And fobcrly did mount an armgaunt ftced. Shahf.
-A'rm-hole. ». /. [from arm and W«.]
The cavity under the flioulder.

Tickling is moft in the foles of the feet, and
under the trm-hlii, and on the fides. The caufe
h the thinnefs of the ikin in tliofe parts, joined
with the raicnefs of being touched there.

Baton's Natural liijtory.
Armi'gerous. adj. [from armiger, Lat.

an armory-bearer.] Bearing arms.
A'rmillary. adj. [from armilla, Lat. a
bracelet.] Refembling a bracelet.

When the circles of tb= mundane fphert arc
fuppofcd to be defcribed on the convex furface of a
fpbere, which is hollow within, and, after this,
you imagine all parts of the fphcre's furface to be
cut away, except thofe parts on which fuch circles
are defcribed ; then that fphere is called an Brrr.'i]-
Uty fphere, becaufc it appears in the form of feve-
ral circular rings, or bracelets, put together in a
due pi.fition. Harris'i Dejcrijimn of the Glohti.

A'rmillated. adj. \armillatus, Lat.]
Having bracelets. Bid.

A'rmings, «. /. [inaflilp.] The fame
with wafteclothcs, being clothes hung
about the outfide of the fliip's upper-
works fore and aft, and before the cub-
brige heads. Some are alfo hung round
the tops, called to^ armings. Chamlers.
Armi'potence. n.f. [from arma, arms,
andfolentiii, power, Lat.] Power in war.
Armi'potent. adj. [armifcU>is, Lat.]
Powerful in arms ; mighty in war.

The manifold linguift, and the armifoimt fol-
dier. Sbahffeare.

For if our God, the Lord armifolent,
Thofe armed angels in our aid down fendj
That were it Dathan to his prophet ()nt.
Thou wilt come down with them. Fairfax.

Beneath the low'ring brow, and on a bent.
The te:riplc flood of Mars armipsltnt. Drydeti.

AuMi'aoNOus. adj. [armifeaut, Lat.]
Ilaftiing with armour,

A R Mr.

A'rmistice. n.f, [armi/itium, Lat.] A
fhort truce; a cenation of arms for a
ihort time.

A'rmlet. n.f. [from am. ^

1. A little arm ; as, an armiet of the fea.

2. A piece of armour for the arm.

3. A bracelet/or the arm.

And, when flic takes thy hand, »nd doth feem
kind.
Doth fcarch what rings and armltis Die can find.

Dome.
Every nymph of the flood her trefTes rending,
Throws off her amlft of pearl in the main. Dryd,

A R M o N i'a c K . n.f. [erroncoufly fo written
for ammcriiaci.] A fort of volatile fait.
See Ammoniack.

A' R M o R £ R . n.f. [armor ier, Fr. ]

1 . He that makes armour, or weapons.

Now thrive the armcrtrs, and honour's thought
Reigns f.'lely in the brcaft of every man. Shake//}.

The armorers make their fteel more tough and
pliant, by afperlion of water and juice of herbs.

Baeon.

The whole divifmn that to Mars pertains,
All trades of death that deal in fteel for gains.
Were there: the butcher, armorer, and fmith,
Who forges (harpen'd faucfaions, or the fcythe.

Vryden.

When arrn'rers temper in the ford
The kecn-edg'd pole-axe, or the (hining fword.
The red-hot metal hilfcs in the lake. Pope.

2. He that dreffes another in armour.

The armorers accomplifliing the knights.
With bufy hammers clofmg rivets up.
Give dreadful note of preparation. Shakefpeare.
The morning he was to join battle witli Harold,
his armorer put on his backpiece before, and hi^
breaftp'ate behind. Cair.eleti.

Armo'rial. adj. [armorial, Fr.] Belong-
ing to the arms or efcutcheon of a fa-
mily, as enfigns armorial.
A'rmorist. n.j'. [from armour.] A per-
fon (killed in heraldry. Diif.

A' R M o r y . n.f. [from armour. ]
1 . The place in which arms are repofited
for ufe.

The fword
Of Michael, from tlie armory of God,
Was giv'n him temper'd fo, that neither keen.
Nor fdlid, might refill that edge. Milton.

With plain heroick magnitude of mind.
And celcfiial vigour arm'd,
Their armories and magazines contemns. Milton.

Let a man confider thefe virtues, with the con-
trary (ins, and tlien, as out of a full armory, or
magazine, let him furnifli his confcicnce with
texts of fcripture. . South.

a. Armour; arms of defencp.

Nigh at hand
Celefiial armory, (hields, helms, and fpears,
Hung high, with diamond flaming, and with gold.

Milton.

3. Enfigns armorial.

W-jll worthy be you of that armory.
Wherein you have great glory won this day.

Fairy i^ueen.
A'r'MOUr. n.f. [armateur, Vx, armatura.
Lat.] Defenfive arms.

Your friends are up, and buckle on their ar-
mour, Shakefpeare,
That they might not go naked among their ene-
mies, the only armour that Chrift allows them is
prudence and innocence. South.
A'RMOt;R-BEARER. n.f, [{rom armour
a'nd itar.] He that carries the armour
of another.

His armottr-hearer firft, and next he kill'd
His chMioteer. Dryden.

A'r w P 1 T. n. f. [from arm and pit,] The
hollow place under the flioulder. .

A R O

TSe hinJIes to thefe gouges ire made fo lonp,
that che handle may reach under the armfit of the
workman. Maxem.

Others hold their plate under the left arm-pit,
the bert fjtuatljo for keeping it warm. Swif:,

Arms. n. f. -without the fingular ntanter,
[arma, Lat.]

1. Weapon* of offence, or armour of de-
fence.

Thofe arms, which Mar» before
Had giv'n the vanquifii'd, now the victor bore.

Pope,

2. A fiate of hoftility.

Sir Edward Courtney, and the haughty prelate.
With many more confederates, are in artr.s. Shake/,

3. War in general.

/iiiKS and the man I fir.g, Dryden,

Him Paris foUow'd to the dire alarms,
Both breathing flaughter, both refolv'd in emu.

Pope,

4. Aftion ; the a£l of taking arms.

Up rofe the viftor angels, and to arms
The matin trumpet fung. Milttn,

The fcas and rocks and (kiea rebound,
To arms, to arms, to arms ! Pope,

5. The enfigns armorial of a family.
A'rmy. n.f. [armec, Fr.]

1. A colledlion of armed men, obliged to
obey one man. Locke,

Number itlelf importcth not much in armies,
where the people arc of weak courage. Bacon,

The meaneft foldier, that has fought often in
an army, has a truer knowledge of war, than he
that has writ whole volumes, but never was in any
battle. South,

The Tufcan leaders and their army iing,
Whi.;h foUow'd great /£neas to the war ;
Their arms, their numbers, and their names declare.

Dryden,

2. A great number.

The fool hath planted in his memory an army
of good words. Shake/p. Merchant of Venice,

Aroma'tical. adj, [from aromalici.]
Spicy ; fragrant ; high fcented.

All things that are hot and aromatical io preferve
liquors or powders. Baccn,

Volatile oils refrefh t':: animal fpirits, but

likcwife are endued with all the bad qualities of

fuch fubftances, producing all the eflefts of aii

oily and aromaticat acrimony. yjriuibnot,

Aroma'tick. adj. [from aroma, Lat.

fpice.]
I. Spicy.

Amldft whole heaps of fpicei lights »ball,
And now their odours armM againll them fly;

^ome precioully by fliatterM porcelain fall.
An! fime by anmatick fplinters die. Dryden,

a. Fragrant ; ftrong fcented.

Or quick efllavia darting tlirough the brain,
Die of a rofe in aromatick pain. Pope,

.'\rom a'ticks. n.f. Spices.

They were fuiniiheJ for exchange of their an-
maticks, and other proper commodities. Raleigh,

Arom atiza'tion. n. f [from aroma-
tize.] The mingling of a due propor-
tion of aromatick fpices or drugs with
any medicine.

7'« A R o'm A T 1 z E . v.a. [from arema, Lat.
fpice.]

1. To icent with fpices; to impregnate
with i'pices.

Drink the firft cup at fupper hot, and half aa
hour before fupper iomething hot and aromaiixed.

Bacon,

2, To fcent ; to perfume.

Unto convertfcd jews no man imputcth this un»
favoury odour, as though arimatixed by their con-
vcrfion. Brown,

Aro'se. The preterite of the verb arife.
See Arise.

I Aro'un'd,

A R R

Aro'und. adv. [from a and rKtad.\

1. In a circle.

He (hall extend his propagated fway,

Wberc Atlas turns the rowllng heavSis arcunJ,
And his broad ihou Id ers with their lights are i rown'd.

2. On every fide.

And all above was fky. and ocean ail around,

DryJen.

hKo'vtto. frep. About; encircling, fo
as to encompafs.

From young lulus head
A lambent flame arofc, which gently fpread
j^rcutid his brows, and on his temples ted. Dryd,

To Aro'use. t). a. [from a and rou/e.'\
1. To wake from fleep.

How loud howling wolves arcufe the jades
That drag the tragic melancholy night. Shah/p.

t. To raife up ; to excite.

But abfent, what fantjftick woes arous'd
Rage in each ihrj^ht, by reftlcls mufing fed.
Chill the warm cheek, and bbll the bloom of life.

Aro'w, adv. [from a and ronu,'] In a
row ; with the breafts all bearing againft
the fame line.

Then (f)me green gowns are by the laflcs worn
In chafteft plays, till home they walk arrw.

Sidney.
But with a pace more fober and more flow,
And twenty, tank in rank, they n)de artnv.

Dryden.

Ano'rNT. adv. [a word of uncertain ety-
mology, but very ancient ufe.] Be
gone ; away : a word of expulfion, or
avoiding.

Siint Withold footed thrice the wold,
He met the night-mare, and her name told,
Bid her alight, and her troth plight,
And ar'>ytit thee, witch, ccjnt thee right. Shakefp.

A'rquebuse. n.f. [Fr. fpelt falfely Aar-
qu7huj's.'\ A hand gun. It feeras to have
anciently meant much the fame as our
carabine, or fufee.

A barquthuff, or ordnance, will be farther heard
from the mouth of the piece, thin backwards or
on the (ides. Bacon.

A'RQUEBt/sitR, H./. [from Off ueiu/e.]
A foldier armed with an arquebufe.

He compafTed them rn wifh'fiftcrn-thotjfand ar^
fluitiJuTifVihom he had brouglHwiih him well ap-
pointed. Kitolltt.

A'rr ACH, O'rr ACH, or O'rrace. h./.
One of the quickeft plants both in com-
ing up and running to feed. Its leaves
•re very good in pottage.

Mortimer'' s Hujbandrj.

Arra'ck, or Ara'ck. n.f. The word
arrack is an Indian name for ftrong wa-
ters of all kinds ; for they call our fpi-
rits and brandy Englifh arrack. But
what we underftand by the name ar-
rack, is no other than a fpirit procured
by diftillation from a vegetable juice
called toddy, which flows by incifion
out of the cocoa-nut tree. Chambers.
1 fend this to be better known for choice of
china, tea, arrack, and other Indian %0'Ai.

SfeBaltir.

To ARRA'IGN. f . a. ^arranger, Fr. to
fet in order.]

1. To fet a thing in order, or in its place.
One is faid to arraign a writ in a coun-
ty, that fits it for trial- before the juf-
tjces of the circuit. A prifoner is faid

A R R

to be arraigned, where he is indifled
and brought forth to his trial. Ciywell.

Summon a felTion, that we may arraign
Our moft dilloyal lady ; for as (he hath
Been publlckiy accufed, fo (hall (he have
A jull and open trial. Shahjp^ari.

2. To accufe ; to charge with faults in
general, as in controverfy, in a fatire.

Reverfc of nature! (hall fuch copies then
Arraign ch' originals of Maro's pen ? R-jfL-ommon.

He that thinks a man to the grcund, wih quickly
endeavour to lay him there : for while he defpiUs
him, h&arrai^rii and condemus him in h)6 heart.

South.

3. It has /or before the fault.

My own enemies I (hail never anfwer; and if
your lordihip has any, they will not arraign you
jfor want of knowledge.

Dryden^i Dedication to the JEneid.

Arr a'icnment. n. /. [from arraign.]
The ad of arraigning ; an accufation j
a charge.

In the fixth fatire, which feems only an arraign-
ment of the whole fex, there is a latent admonition
to avoid ill women. Dryden.

To ARRA'NGE. -v. a. [arraitger, Fr.]
To put in the proper order for any pur~
pofe.

I chanc'd this day
To (ee two knights in travel on my way,
(A (brry fight !) arrahg'd in battle new.

Fairy ^:cr.
Hew etfcftually are it« mufcular fibres jrrj;;^^*/,
and w.th what judgment arc its columns and fur-
rows difpofed I Cheyne.

Arra'ncement. n.f. [from arrange.]
The aft of putting in proper order ; the
ftaie of being put in order.

There is a piojier jrrcngtment of the parts in
eladick budie^i, which may be facilitated by ait,

Cheyne.

A'rrant. adj. [aword of uncertain ety-
mology, but probably from errant, which
being at lirll applied in its proper fig-
nification to vagabonds, as an errant or
arrant rogue, -that is, a rambling rogue,
loft, in time, its original Cgnilication,
and being by its ufe underttood to im-
ply fomething bad, was applied at large
to any thing that was mentioned with
hatred or contempt.] Bad in a high de-
cree.

Country folks, who hallooed and hooted after
me, as a: the arraniift coward that Lv.r (hewed his
(houlders to the enemy. Sidney.

A vain fool grows forty times an arranter (bt
than before, L'KJirangt.

And let him every deity adore.
If his new bride prove not an urrjir' ♦'horc.

DrydetJ.

A'rrantly. adv. [from arrant.] Cor-
ruptly ; fhamefully.

iuneral tears are as arrjrttly hired out as mourn-
ing dokes. VEjirange.

A'rr AS. n.f, [from wJ'/vrt/, a town in
Artois, where hangings are woven.]
Tapeilry ; hangings woven with images.

Thence ;u the haH, which was on every fiiie
With rich array and collly arrat dight.

Tairy Slueen.
He's going to his mother's clofet ;
Behind the a'l'ai I'll convey myfelf.
To hear the proccfo. Sbakefpcare.

As he (ha)i nafs the galleries, I'll place
A gu.ird behind tiic arras. Denham'i Sophy.

Ahra'ught. v. a. [aword ufed by Spen-
Jcr in the preter tenfe, of which 1 have
not found the prcfcnt, but fiippofe he

ARR

derived arreachitoia.arrather ,Yx .] Sei2«
ed by violence.

His ambitious fons unto them twain
Arraught the rule, and from their father drew.

fairy S^ueen.

Arra'y. n.f. [arrcy, Fr. arret, Sp. ar~
redo, Ital. from reye, Teut. order. It
was adopted into the middle Latin,
mille hcmiiium arraitorum, Knighton.]

1. Order, chiefly of war.

The earl elpyiiig them fcattcrcd near the army,
fentone tocomraaijd them ro x.\\z\^ array . Ilayiuardw

Wcr't thou fought to deeds
That might require th' array of war, thy (kill
Of conduit would be fuch, that all the world
Could not fu(}a'n thy prowefs. Jidiitcn.

A gen'ral fe's his a:my in array
In vain, unlels he iight and win the day. Dcnbom*

2. Drefs.

A rich throne, as bright as funny day,
On which there fat moft brave embcllilhed
With royal robes, and gorgeous iifrtfy,
A maiden queen. Fairy ^cck.

In this remembrance, Emily ere day
A.role, and drefs'd herfclf in rich array. Dryden.

3. In law. Array, of the Fr. arroy, i. e.
orda, the ranking or fetting forth of a
jury or inqueit of men inipannelled up-
on a caufe. Thence is the verb to er~
ray a pannel, that is, to fet forth one by
another the men impannelled. Coiuell.

To ARRA'Y. -v. a. [arroyer, old Fr.]

1. To put in order.

2. To deck ; to drefs ; to adorn the per-
fon : with the particle inith or in.

Deck thyfclf now with majefty and excellency,
and array thyfelf luiffc glory and beauty, yob, xl. to.-

Now went forth the morn.
Such as in highell heav'n, arrayed in gold
Empyreal. Millom.

One \t& arrayed the corpfe, and one they fpread
O'er his clos'd eyes, and wrapp'd around his head.

Drydat.

3. In law. See Array in law.
Arra'yers. n.f. [homarray.] Officers

who anciently had the care of feeing the
foldiers duly appointed in their armour.

Co'well,
ARRE'AR. ad-v. [arriire, Fr. behind.]
Behind. This is the primitive fignifica-
tion of the word, which, though not now
in ufe, fecms to be retained by Spenfer.
See Rear.

To leave with fpeed Atlanta fwift arrear.
Through forefts wild and unfrequented land
To chafe the lion, boar, or rugged bear.

Fairy S^cew,

Arre'ar. n.f. That which remains be-
hind unpaid, though due. See Ar-
rearage.

His boon is giv'n; his knight has gain'd the
day.
But loft the prize ; th' arrctri are yet to pay.

Dryden,

If a tenant run away in arrear of fomc rent,
the land remains ; that cannot be carried away, or
loft. Locke.

It will comfort our grand-children, wiien tljey
fee a few rags hung up in Weftminllcr-hali, which
coft an hundred millions, whereof they arepjying
the arrears, and boalHng, as beggars do, that their
grandfathers were rich. Sivi/r.

Arr e'a rage. «./. Aw ord now little ufcd.
[from arriere, Fr. behind.]

Arrearage is llie remaindei of an account, ot*
fum of money remaining in ;hc hands of an ac-
countant J or, more generally, iny money unpaid
at the due time, as arrtorage tff JtnC CrutilJ'

P a fajet

A R R

Paget fet forth the king of Enghnd'j title to
his debts and pcnfion from the French Icing ; witli
all mrc.rugts. ihyward.

He'll grant the tribute, fend <ib.t arrearage:,

Shahcjfcare.
The old crrearagn under which that crown had
long groaned, heing defrayed, he hath brought
Lurana to uphold and maintain herfelt'.

Hnurl'i Vac si Fmji.

Arrb'arance. »./ The fame with «'■-
rear. SeeAaREAR. DiS.

Arrenta'tion. ». /. [from arrendar.
Span, to farm.] Is, in the foreft law,
the licenCng an owner of lands in the
foreft, to inclofe them with a low hedge
and fmall ditch, in confideration of a
yearly rent, Dicl.

Arrepti'tious. adj. \_arreptus,'LaX.'\

1. Snatched away.

2. [from aJ and repo."] Crept in privily.
Ar R e'st. n.f. [from arrefier, Fr. to ftop.]

1. In law.

A flop or ftay ; as, a man apprehended for debt,
is faid to be arrcftcd. To plead in arrtjl of judg-
ment, is to flicw caufe why judgment ihould be
ftayed, though the verdift of the t\velve be palTed.
To plead in arr/jl of taking the inqueft upon the
former ifi'ue, is to ihew caufe why an inqueft fhould
not be taken. An arrejl is a certain rcftraint ot
a man's perfon, d priving him of his own will, and
binding it to become obedient to the will of tlie law,
and may be called the beginning of imprifonment.

Jf I could fpsak fo wifely under an amji, 1

-WOuM fend for niy creditors ; yet 1 had as lief have

the foppe y of freedom, as the morality of impri-

_Jbnment. Sbakefpeare,

2. Any caption, feizure of the perfon.

'J o the rich man, who had promifed himfelf eafc
for many years, it was a fad arrtjiy that his fonl
wrts furprifed the firfi night* teylor.

3. A flop.

The ilnp and arrcji of the air ihewetli, that the
air haih little appetite of afceuding. Baan.

To ARRE'ST. <!■. a. [arrefier. Fr. to ftop.]

1. To feize by a mandate from a court or
officer of juftice. See Arrest.

Good tidings, my lord Haftings, for the which
I do errffi thee, traitor, of high treafon. Shaieff.

There's one yonder arrefied^ and carried to pri-
fon, was worth five thoufand of you all. Shahjp.

2. To feize any thing by law.

He hath enjoyed nothijig of Ford's but twenty
pounds of money, which muft be paid to maftcr
Brook ; his horfcs are arrcjlii for it. Shaktfpeare.

3. To feize ; to lay hands on; to detain
by power.

But when as Morpheus had with leaden maze
^rnji d a'lthat giodly company. Fairy Slaeen.

Age itfcf, w'nich, of all things in the world,
will not be baiBcd or deiied, ftall begin to arrefi,
fc'zc, and remind us of our mortality. South.

4. To withhold ; to hinder.

1 his defc£l"Rf the Englifh juftice was the main
impediment that did arrcji and ftop the corrfe of
the conqucft. Davits.

As ofte.i as my dogs with better fpeed
jtrrrji her fliglit, is (he to death decreed. Drjden.

Nor could hur virtues, nor repeated vows
Of th ufanJ lovers, the releutlefs band
Of death arrrjl. Philips.

5. To ftop motion.

I'o manifc^ the coagulative power, we havc^ir-
refitd the fluidity of new milk, and turned it into
a curdled (Lbflance. Boyle.

6. To obftrucl ; to ftop.

Afcribing (he ciufes of things to fecret proprie-
ties, h»th errtjied and laid aflecp all true enquiry.

Bacon.

A R R

Arre'st. n.f. [In horfemanfhip.] A
mangey humour between the ham and
paftern of the hinder legs of a horfe.

*^ Dia.

A'rrETED. aJj. [arreSatttj, low Lat.]
He that is convened before a judge, and
charged with a crime. It is ufed fome-
times for imputed or laid unto ; as, no
folly may be arreted to one under age.

Co'wsll.

TsArri'de. 'V. a. [arrideo. Lit.]

1. To laugh at.

2. To fmile ; to look pleafantly upon one.
Arri'ere. »./. [French.] The laft body

of an army, for which we now ufe rear.

The horfcmen might ifTue forth without dif-
turbance of the foot, and the avant-guard with-
out (huffling with the batrail or arritre. Ha^w.

Arri'ere ban. tt.f. [Cajeneuve denvei
this word from arriere and 6an ; ian
denotes the convening of the noblefle
or vafl'als, who hold fees immediately
of the crown ; and arriere, thofe who
only hold of the king mediately.] A
general proclamation, by which the
king of France fummons to the war all
that hold of him, both his own vaftTals
or the noblefle, and the vaflals of his
vaflals.

Arri'ere fee, or fief. Is a fee de-
pendant on a fuperior one. Thefe fees
commenced, when dukes and counts,
rendering their governments heredita-
ry, diftributed to their officers parts of
the domains, and permitted thofe of-
ficers to gratify the foldiers under them
in the fame manner.

Arri'ere vassal. The vaflalof a vaffal.

Tre-voux.

Arri'sion. »./ [arrijio, Lzt.} Afmiling
upon. Dia.

Arri'val. »./ [from arrive.l The aft
ofcomingtoany place ; and, figurative-
ly, the attainment of any purpofe.

How are we chang'd finte wc fii ft faw the queen !
She, like the fun, does ftill the fame appear,
Bright as ihe was at her lu-rival here. Waller.

The unravelling is the arrival of Ulyffes upon
his own illand. Broomt't View of Epic Poetry.

Arri'vance. n.f. [from arrive.] Com-
pany coiiiing : not in ufe.

Every minute is expeflancy
Of more arrrvance, Sbakefpeare.

To ARRI'VE. v. n. [arri'ver, Fr. to come

on fliore.]
I . To come to any place by water.

At length arriving on the banks of Nile,
Wearied with length of ways, and worn with toil.
She laid her down. Dryder..

1. To reach any place by travelling.

When we were arrived upon the verge of liis
eftate, we ftopped at a little inn, to reft ourfelves
and our horfes. Sidney.

3. To reach any point.

The bounds of all body we have no difficulty to
arrive at ; but when the mind is there, it finds
nothing to hinder its progrefs. Locke.

4. To gain any thing by progreffive ap-
proach.

It is the higheft wifdom by defpifing the world
to arrive at heaven ; they are blelTed who converfe
with God. Ttr/lar.

The virtuous may know in fpcculation, what
they could never arrive at by pra^icr, and avoid
the fnarcj of the crafty, Mdifin.

A R R

5 . The thing at which we arrive is always
fuppofed to be good.

6. To happen : with la before the perfon.
This fenfe feems not proper.

Happy ! to whom tiiis glorious death arrivet.
More to be valued than a thoufand lives. Waller,

7"o A r ro'd E. f . a. [arrodo, Lat.] To gna«r
or nibble. Dia,

A'rrOGAnce. ')n./. [arrogantia, Lat.].

A'rrogancy. 5 The aft or quality of
taking much upon one's felf; that fpe-
cies of pride which confifts in exorbitant
claims.

Stanley, notwithftanding (he's your wife.
And loves not me ; be you, good lord, alfur'd,
1 hate not you for her ftOM^i arrogance. Shakefp*

Pride hath no other glafs
To fliew itfeif but pride ; for fupple knees
Fepd arrogance, and arc the proud man's fees. SbaK
Pride and arrogance, and the evil way, and the
froward mouth, do I hate. Prov. viii. 13,

Difcourfirgof matters dubious, and on any co.i-
trovertible truths, we cannot, without arrogancy,
entreat a credulity. Brvtatis Vulgar Errourst

Humility it exprelTes by the ftooping and bend-
ing of the head ; arrogance, when it is lifted, or, at
we fay, toffcd up. Vrydcn^s Dufrefnoy,

A'rrogant, adj. [arrcgans, Lat.] Given
to make exorbitant claims ; haughty ;
proud.

Feagh's right unto that country which he claims,

or the ligniory therein, muft be vain and arrogant,

Spenfer on Iraand,

An arrogant way of treating with other princes

and ftates, is natural to popular governments. TVm/ifc

A'rrogantly. ad'v. [from arrogaat.]

In an arrogant manner.

Our poet may
Himfelf admire the fortune of his play ;
And arrogantly, as his fellows do.
Think he writes well, becaufehepleafesyou. Dryd,

Another, warm'd
With high ambition, and conceit of prowcfs
Inherent, arrogantly thus prefum'dj
What if this fword, full often diench'd in blood.
Should now cleave (hecr the execrable head
Of Churchill. Phittpt.

A'rrogantness. n.f. [from arrogant,]
The fame with arrogance ; which fee.

Di3.
To A'RROGATE. v. a. [arrogo, Lat.]
To claim vainly ; to exhibit unjuft
claims only prompted by pride,

1 intend to dcfcribe this battle fully, not to dt-
rogate any thing from one nation, or to arrogate to
the other, liayward.

The fo^ei arrogated unto themfelvej, that the
empire was held of them in homage.

Sir Walter Raleigh^
Who, not content
With fair equality, fraternal ftate.
Will arrogate dominion undeferv'd.
Over his brethren. Milton,

Rome never arrogated to herfelf any infallibility,
but what (he pretended to be founded upon Chrift's
promife. Tilhtfon.

Arroga'tion. «./ [from arrogate.] A
claiming in a proud unjuft manner. Dia,

Arro'sion, n.f. [(rom arrofus , Lat.] A
gnawing. Dia.

A'rrow. n.f. [apepe, Sax.] The pointed
weapon which is (hot from a bow. Darts
are thrown by the hand, but in poetry
they are confoanded.

I fwear to thee by Cupid's (Irongeft bow.
By bis bcft arroiu with the golden head. Shakefp.

Here were boys fo dcfperately refolved, as to pull
arriTOJ out of their flefli, and deliver them to be
Shot again by the archers on their fide. Hayward.

A'ftROWHEAD, n.f, [from arroi^j and

head.]

Art

. feaJ.] A water plant, fo called from
the refemblance of its leaves to the head
of an arrow. Z);V7.

A'RROwy. a.-/J. [from arriKv.'] Confift-
ing of arrows.

he law them in their foims of battle r-'ng'd,
How qulclc they whcel'd, »,d flying, behind chcm

ihot .
Sharp (Icct oferntvy fliow'r agalnft the face
Of their purfuers, and o'ercatne bv flight. M:/!or:.

AnsE.fr./. [eajje. Sax.] The buttocks,

or hind part of an animal.
To hang an Arse. A vulgar plirafe, fig-

nifying to be tardy, fluggiih, or dilatory,
for Hudiuras wore but one fpur.

As wifely linowning, could he ftir

To afii; e trot one fide of 's horfe.

The other would not hirng an arjc. Iludihras

Arse-foot. n.f. A kind of water- fowl,
called alfo a dUapper. Dia.

Arse-smart, n.f. [ferficaria, Lat.] An
herb.

A'rsenal. n.f. [ar/enak, Ital.] A re-
pofitory of things requifite to war; a
magazine of military Itores.

I would have a roo.n for the old Roman inftru-
mcnts of war. where you might fee ail the ancient
mihtary furniture, as it mighthave been in an wfi-
W enfold Rome. ^jj-f^„^

Arse kical. adj. [hom ar/enici.] Con-
taining arfenick ; confifting of arfenick.
An hereditary confumption, or one engendered
by erjenical fumes under ground, is incjpable of
cure. Vr

There are arfnical, or other like noxmuj mine-
rals lodged underneath. lyeU-ward.

A RSENicK. n.f. [ajȣ,(>!6>.] A ponder-
ous mineral fubftance, volatile and un-
inflammable, which gives a whirenefs to
metals in fufion, and proves a violent
corrofive poifon ; of which there are
three forts. Nali-ve or yello--i>j arfenick,
■ called alfo auripigmentum or orpiment,
IS chiefly found in copper-mines, lyhite
or cryftalline arfenick isextrafted from the
native kind, by fubliming it with a pro-
portion of fea fait : the fmalleft quantity
of cry(lalline<7r/r»/ci, being mixed with
any metal, abfolutely deftroys its mal-
leability : and a fingle grain will turn a
pound of copper into a beautiful feem-
ing filver, but without dudility. Red
arfenick is a preparation of the white,
made by adding to it a mineral fulphur.

- , . , . Chambers,

Jlrjtnuk IS a very deadly poifon ; held to the
tire, It emits fumes, but liquates very little.

ART. n.f. [arte, Fr. an. Lat.]
I. The power of doing fomething not
taught by nature and inftinft ; as, to
nxialk'n natural, to dance is an art.

An is properly an habitual knowledge of ccr-

ta.nrules and maxims, by whicharaan is governed

and direflcd in his aflions. ^cutb

Bled with eaoh grace of nature and of or/. Poft/

Ev n copious Dryden wanted, or forgot,

The lad and greateft art, the art to blot. fopt

2. A fcience ; as, the liberal arts.

Am that refpca the mind were ever reputed no-
b.er than thofe that ferve the body. Bm J.njm.
When did his pen on learning fix a brand,
% Or rail at urtj he did not undetftand ? Dridtn

3. A trade, ^

This obfervatioo ia afforded us by the art of
making ftigar. d /

4. Aitfolnefs; MI; dexterity. '^''

ART

ART

The art of our neccfliries is rtrange.
That can make vile things precious. Skihjp.

5. Cunning.

M re matter with Idfs art. Shahefptare,.

6. Speculation.

1 have as much of this in art as you ;
But yet my nature could not bear it fo. Sbikefp.
Arte'rial. adj. [from artery.] That
which relates to the artery;' that which
is contained in the artery.

Had cot the Maker wrought the fpringy frame,
The b!ood, defrauded of its nitrous food,
Had cool'd and languifli'd in the arterial road.

BlacktKcre.

As this mixture of blood and chyle pail'eth
through the arterial tube, it is prefled by two con-
trary forces ; that of the heart driving it forward
againft the fides of the tube, and the elaftick force
of the air prefling it on the oppofite fides of thofe
air-bladders, along the furface of which this arte-
rial tube creeps. Artuibnor.

Arterio tomy. n.f. [from a^„^U, and
Tiix.iu, to cut.] The operation of let-
ting blood from the artery : a p.'adUce
much in ufe among the French.

ARTERY, n.f [arteria, Lat.] An artery
is a conical canal, conveying the blood
from the heart to all parts of the body.
Each artery is compofed of three coats ;
of which the firft feems to be a thread of
fine blood veffels and nerves, for nou-
rifliing the coats of the artery ; the fe-
cond is made up of circular, or rather
fpiral fibres, of which there are more or
fewer flrata, according to the bignefs of
the artciy. Thcfe fibres have a Itrong
elanicity, by which they contraft them-
felves with fome force, when the power
by which they have been ftretched out
ceafes. The third and inmoft coat is a
fine tranfparent membrane, which keeps
the blood within its canal, that other-
wife, upon the dilatation of an artery,
would eafily feparate the fpiral fibres
from one another. As the arteries grow
fmaller, thefe coats grow thinner, and
the coats of the veins feem only to be
continuations of the capillary arteries.

TL ^incy.

The arteria are elaftic tubes, endned witti a con-

fraftile force, by which they drive the blood ftill

forward ; it being hindered from going backward

by the valves of the heart. Arbuthnot.

Artful, adj. [from art and /«//.]

1. Performed with art.

The laft of thefe was certainly the mod eafy,
but, for the fame reafon, the leaft artful. Dryden.

2. Artificial ; not natural.

3. Cunning; fkilful ; dexterous.

O ftill the fame, UlyfTes, (he rejoin'd,
In ufeful craft fuccefsfully refin'd.
Artful in fpeech, in aftion, and in mind. Ptpe.
A RTFULLY, ad-v. [from artful.] With
art; flcilfully; dexteroufly.

The reft in rank: Honoria, chief in place.
Was artfully contriv'd to fet her face
To front the thicket, and behold the chace. Dryd.
Vice IS the natural growth of our corruption.
How irrefiftibly mull it prevail, when the feeds of
It arc artfully lowo, and induftrioufiy cultivated I
., R'g'rs.

Artfulness, n.f [horn artful.]

I. Skill. / ■■

C'onfider with how much arlfulneji his bulk and
fituation is contrived, to havejuft matter to draw
round him thcfe malTy bodies, Cbeync.

2. Cunning.

ArTHRi'tICAL.) ]■ tc I .. 1

Arthri'tick. \ "'(/■[f'^omart^rttts.]

1. Gouty ; relating to the gout.
Frequent changes produce all the arthritiit dif-

«afes. ArbutbnU.

2. Relating to joints.

Serpents, worms, and leeches, though fome want

bones, and all extended articulations, yet have they

jrrinV.'M/ analogies ; and, by the motion of fibrous

and mufculous parts, are able to make progreflion.

Brown^i yulgar Errqun.

JRTHRrriS. n. f [ij^.l.;, from i^S^o,.
a joint.] Any diftemper thataffefts the
joints, but the gout particularly, ^incy.
A'rtichoke. n.f. [artichault, Fr.]

This plant is very like the thiftle, but hath
large fcaly heads ihaped like the cone of the pine-
tree j the bottom of each fcale, as alfo at the bot-
tom of the florets, is a thick fleihy eatable fub-
ilancc. Miller,

No herbs have curled leaves, but cabbage ani
cabbage lettuce ; none have double leaves, one be-
longing to the ftjlk, another to the fruit or feed,
but the artich'Ae. Bacon.

Articbakes contain a rich, nutritious, ftiraulating
j'''-°» Arhutbnvt on Aliments.

A'rtichoke of Jerufakm. A fpecies of

fun-flower.
A'rtick. adj. [it (hould be written arc

tick, from a^xiiz©-.] Northern ; under

the Bear. See Arctick.

But they would have winters like thofe beyond
the art'.ck circle ; for the fun wo>;Id be 80 degrees
from them. _ Bro^un,

In the following example it is, con-
trary to cuftom, fpelt after the French
manner, and accented on the laft fylla-
ble. •'

To you, who live in chill degree.
As map informs, of fifty.three.
And do not much fir cold atoine.
By bringing thither fifty-one,
Methinks all climes (hould be alike.
From troplck e'en to pole artique, Dryden

A'RTICLE. n.f [articulus. Lat.]

1. A part of fpeech, as, the, an ; the man,
an ox.

2. A fingle claufe of an account ; a parti-
cular part of any complex thing.

Laws touching matters of order arc changeable '
by the power of the church ; artielii concerning
doftrine, not fo. Hooktr,

Have the fummary of all our griefs,
When time Ihall ferve to flicw in ariielcs. Shakrff.

.Many believe thcar/ic/f of rcmillion of fins, but

believe it without the condition of repentance. We

believe the article otherwile than God intended it.

Taylor's Holy Living.

All the precepts, promlfcs, and threatening: of
the gofpel will rife up in judgment again!! us j and '.
the articles of our faith will be fo many aiticles of
acci'«itioni and the great weight of our charge
will be this. That we did not obey the gofpel which'
we profeded to believe ; that we made confrlTion of
the thriftian faiti;, but lived like heathens. Tilhtfon,

You have fmall reafon to repine upon that arti-
f/^ of life. s-wift.

3. Terms ; ftipulations.

1 embrace theft conditions; let uj have artielet
between us. Shakejpcare,

It would have gall'd his furly nature.
Which eafily endures not article.
Tying him to aught. Sbakefpcare.

4. Point of time ; exaft time.

If Cansficld had not, in that article of time,
given them that brilk charge, by which other troops
were ready, the king himfcif had been ia danger.

Clarendon,

To A'rticve. 'V, ». [from the noun ar-
ticle.] To llipulate ; to make terms.

Such

A R T

Sach in lore's warfare ii my cafe,
r may not triicic for grace,
Hiving put love at lad to iTiow this {\ce, Dcimt.

He had not infringed the lead tittle of what vias
^rtklfd, Chat ihcy aimed at one mark, and their
«jid< were concentriclc. Hmicl'i fical Fntfl.

If it be faid, Cod chofe the futicelTor, that is ma-
nifelUy not fain the ftoryof Jrphtha, whrre hoar-
tkltj wi'h the people, and they made him jiidgt-
over thcin. Ltxkr.

To A'rtici. E. v. a. To draw up in par-
ticular articles.

Hf, %vho!'e life feems fair, yet if all hit crrotirs
and folliei were «rfii/c</ again ft him, the roan would
fttm vicious and miferable.

Taylor's Rate of Hving My.
Arti'cui,aR. ai/j, [articularis, Lat.]
Belonging to the joints. In medicine,
an epithet applied to a difeafe, which
more immediately infeds the joints.
Thas the gout is called morbus artUula-
ril.
•A R T I'c u L A T E . adj. [from arthulus, Lat.]
t. Diilinft ; divided, as the parts of a
limb are divided by joints ; not conti-
nued in one tone, as articulate founds ;
that is, founds varied and changed at
proper paufes, in oppofition to the voice
of animals, which admit no fuch variety.
An articulate pronunciation, a manner
of fpeaking clear and diftinft, in which
one found is not confounded with ano-
ther.

In fpeaking under water, when the voice is re-
duced to an extreme exility, yet the arl'iculate
founds, the words, are not onTounded. Bmtn.

The firft, at leart, of thefe I thought deny'd
To bcafls j whom God, on their creation-day.
Created mute to all articuLte found. Milim.

Antiquity ixprefled numbers by the fingers on
•itber hand. On the left, they accounted their
digits and art'tcuJate numbers unto an hundred j on
the right hand, hundreds and thoufand?.

Srcnvns Vulgar Erroun.

a. Branched out into articles. This is a
meaning little in ufe.

Henry's inftruflionJ were extrtm"* dnr'ious and
crticulate ; and, in them, more articles tooching
inquifition, than negotiation : requiring an anfwer
in diftinft articles to his queilions. Bacw.

Ti Arti'culate. -v. a, [itom article.']
I . To form words ; to utter diltinft fylla-
bles ; to fpeak as a man.

The dogmatift knows not by what art he dircils/
his topguc, in articidjt'wg founds into voices.

GlamjWe.

Parifian academifts, in their anatomy of apes,
tell us, that the mufcles of their tongue, which do
moft ferve to erticulalt a word, were wholly like
thofe of man. Ray en the Creation.

They would advance in knowledge, and not de-
ceive thcmfelvcs with a little artkulatij air. f,eckc.

3. To draw up in articles.

Thefe things, indeed, you have artktilatcJ,
ProcUim'd at market-crofles, read iji churches.
To face the garment of rebellion
With fomc fine colour. Shahfftare.

3. To make terms ; to treat. Thefe two
latter fignirications are unufual.

Send us to Rome
The bcft, with whom we may articulate
For their own good and ours. Xtaltrfi>rare.

To Arti'culate. -v. n. To fpeak dif-

tindlly.
Arti'culately. ati-v. [from artitulati,']

In an articulate voice.

The fccret purpofe of our hcartj nVlefs art'icu-
Uirly fpokcn to God, wlx) needs not our words to
4ifccra our meaning. Dttay of Piety.

ART

A»Ti'cuLATEKE3i. ti. f. [from arricti.
late.] The quality of being articulate.
Artici;La'tion. »./. [from arliculau.]
I. The jundure, or joint of bonei.

With relation to the m tim of the toneiin their
arliculatim, there is a twofold liquor prepared for
the inun^ion and lubrification ol their heads, >n
oily one, and a mucilagimus, fuppjied by certain
glandules fcated in the ar:icu!uti(;Ks. Ray.

z. The aft of forming words.

I conceive that an ixtrcme final!, or an extreme
great found, cannot be ai ti«ulate, but that the ar-
luulatitn requireth a mediocrity of found. Bacm.

By articulation I mean a peculiar motion and
figure of fome parts belonging to the mouth, be.
twccn the throat and lips. llotdir.

3. [In botany.] The joints or knots in

fome plants, as the cane.
A'rtifice. n.f. [art:Jicium,L9X.']

1. Trick; fraud; ftratagem.

It needs no legends, no fcrvicc in an unknown
tongue j nolle of all thefe laborious artifices of igno-
rance ; none of all thefe cloaki and coverings.

Sttuth,

2. Art ; trade ; fldll obtained by fcience
or praftice.

Arti'ficer. n./. [artifex, Lat.]

1 . An artift ; a manufafturer ; one by
whom any thing is made.

The lights, doors, and ftairs, rather directed to
the ufe of the guell, than to the eye o( the artificer.

Sidney.

The great artificer would be more than ordina-
rily exail in drawing his own pifturc. South.

In the prafticcs of anificeri, and the manufac-
tures of feveral kinds, the end being propofed, we
find out ways. Locke.

2. A forger ; a contriver.

He, foon aware.
Each perturbation fmooth'd with outward calm.
Artificer o( fraud ! and was the firft
That praftis'd falfehood under faintly rticw. Mih.

Th' artificer of lies
Renews th' aflault, and his laft batt'rj tries.

Dry den.

3. A dexterous or artful fellow : not in ufe.

Let you alone, cunning artificer. Ben Jonfiin.
Artifi'cial. adj. [arttficiel, Fr.]
1. Made by art; not natural.

Bafilius ufcd the artificial day of torches to
lighten the fports their inventions could contrive,

Sidney.

The curtains clofely drawn the light to (kreen.
As if he had contriv'd to lie unfeeo :
Thus covcr'd witli an artificial night,
Sleep did his ofiicr. Dryden.

There is no natural motion perpetual ; yet it
doth not hinder but that it is poifiblc to contrive
fuch a'n artificial revolution. ff^iHini.

z. Fiditious ; not genuine.

Why, I can fmilc, and murder while I fmile.
And cry. Content, to that which grieves my heart,
And wet my cheeks with artificial tca;J. Shakef/i.

The rcfohition which we cannoC reconcile to
public good, has been fupported by an obfequious
party, and then with ufjal methods confirmed by
an artificial majority. S-.iift.

3. Artful ; contrived with flrifl.

'1 hefc feem to be the more artificial, is thofe of
a fingle perfon the more natural governments.

Artificial Arguments. [In rhctorick.]
Are proofs on confiderations which arife
from the genius, induilry, or invention
of the orator ; which are thus called, to
dillinguifh them from laws, authorities,
citations, and the like, which are faid
to be inartificial arguments.

Artificial Lines, on a fedlor or fcale,
are lines fo contrived as to reprefent the

ART

logarithmick fines and tangents ; which,
by the help of the line of numbers, lolve,
with tolerable exailnefs, queftions ia
trigonometry, navigation, <Sc.

Chambtri,

Artificial Humbert, are the fame with
logarithms.

Artifi'ciallv. ad-j. [from artificial.']

1 . Artfully ; with (kill ; with good con''
trivance.

How cunningly he made his faultinefs lefs, how
artificially he fct out the torments of his own can-
fcience. Siilvey.

Should any one be caft upon a defolate ifland,'
and find there a palace artificially contrived, and
curioufly adorned. Ray.

2. By art ; not naturally.

It is covered on all fides with earth, crumbled
into powder, as if it had been artificially fifted.

Meltfcn.

Artifi'ci ALNESS. H./.\_hom artificial.']
Artfulncfs. Di^t.

Artifi'cious. adj. [from artifice.'] Ihe
fame w'ith.artificial.

Arti'llery. »./. It has no plural, [artil-
lerie. Fr.]

1. Weapons of war; always ufed of mif-
live weapons.

And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad,
and faid unto him. Go, carry them unto the city.

I Samuel,

2. Cannon ; great ordnance.

Have I not i\eard great ordnance in the field ^
And heav'n's artillery thunder in the ikies ?

Shateffeare.

I'll to the Tower with all the hafte I can'.

To view th' artillery and ammunition. Shakeff.

Upon one wing the attiltery was drawn, being

fixtecn pieces, every piece having pioneers to plain

the ways. HaytoarcU

He that views a fort to' take it.
Plants his artillery 'gainft the weakeft place.

Deiitam.
Artisa'n. n.f. [French.]

1. Artift; profeffor of an art.

What are the moft judicious arli/ans, but the
mimicks of nature ? ff^i,tton'sj4rciite(hire,

Beft and happieff artifan,
Beft of painters, if you can.
With your many-colour'd art.
Draw the miftrcfs of my heart. Guardian.

2. Manufafturer ; low tradefman.

1 who had none but generals to oppofcme, muit
have an artijan for my antagonlft. Addjfoit.

A'rtist. n.f. [art'fie, Fr. ]

1. The profeffor of an art, generally of
an art manual.

How to build fliips, and dreadful ordnance cai^,
Inftruft the arrifis, a.id revv.ird their hafte. ffa.'lr.

Rich with the fpoils of many aconquer'd land.
All arts and aitifis Thefcus could command.
Who fold for hire, or wrought for better fame :
The mailer painters and the car\'ers came. Dryd»

When 1 made this, .in artifi undertook to imi-
tate it ; but ufing another way, fell much Ihort.
Newton's Ofiicin

2. A fkilful man; not a novice.

If a!iy one thinks himfelf an artifi at this, let
him number up the p.u-ts of lilj diild's boJv.

'U.it.

-Vrtlesly. ad^v. [from artleft.]

1. In an artlefs manner ; withoat ficilL

2. Naturally ; fmcerely ; without craft.

Nature snd truth, though never fo low or vuU
gar, arc yet pleafing, when openly and artlcjiy re-
prefented. Pofe,

A'rtless. adj. [from art and lefs.]
I. Un/kilful ; wanting art; fometimes with
the particle cf.

Tlfc

A S

The hljli-flioed plowmaa, diouU he quit the
landf
ArtUfs of ftars, and of the moving fand. DiyJ.

2. Void of fraud; as, 3.n artlefi maid.

3. Contrived without fkill ; as, an artU/s tale.
Arundina'ceous. adj. \_arundinactus,

Lat.] Of or like reeds. Dia.

Arundi'neous. adj. ^ arundineus, Lat.]

Abounding with reeds.
As. conjunfl. [als, Teut.]

1. In the fame manner with fomething
clfe.

When thou doft hear I ana as I have been,
Approach me, and thou flialt be ai thou waft.

Stakdfeare.

Tn finging, as in piping, you excel ;
And fcarceyouimafter could perform fo well. Dryd.

I live as I did, 1 think ai I did, 1 love you at
1 did ; but all theie are to r.o purpofe : the worU
will not live, think, or love as I do. Swift.

2. In the manner that.

Mad as I was, I could not bear his fate
With filent grief, but loudly blam'd the ftate.

Drydtn's j^r.eid.

The landlord, in his fliirt as he was, taking a
candle in one hand, and a drawn fword in the other,
ventured out of the room. jfrbutbmt and Popt>

3. That ; in a confequential fenfe.

'I he ctnnirgeft mariners were fo conquered by
the ftorm, as they thought it bed with ftricken
fails to yield to be governed by it. Sidney.

He had fuch a dexterous proclivity, as his teach-
ers were fain to rcftrain his foiwardnefi. Wttlon.

The relations arc fo uncertain, as they require
a great deal of examination. Bac^n.

God (ball by grace prevent fin fo foon, as to
keep the foul in the virginity of its firft ioBOcence.

Sculb.

.4. In the ftate of another.

Madam, were 1 as you, I'd take her counfel J
I'd fpeak my own diftrefs.

A. Pki/ifs, D:frcJ} Mahir.

3. Under a particular confideraiion ; with
a particular refpeft.

BefiJes that law which concemeth men »' men,
and that which belongs unto men as they ate men,
linked with others in fome fociety ; there is a
third which touches a 1 feveral bodies politick, fo
far forth as one of them hath publrck concerns
with another. HooUr'i Ecdef. Polity.

D.ir'ft thou be as good as thy word now ?—
Why, Hal, thou knowefl, as thou art but a
man, 1 dare; but as thou ait a prince, I fear thee,
as 1 fear the roaring of the lion's whelp.

SUkff. Uinry IV.

The objeflions that are raifcd a^c. irift it as a tra-
gedy, are as follow. Gay's Prcf. to lytat Sye iaii is.

6. Like ; of the fame kind with.

A fimple idea is one uniform idea, as fweet,
bitter. ff^aiis.

7. In the fame degree with.

Where you, uulefs you are as matter blind,
Conduft andheauteous difpofition find. BiackitKre,

Well haft the ufpoke, the blue-eyed maid replies,
Thou good oW nran, benevolent as wife. Pcjjis Od.

S. As if; according to the manner that
would be if.

1 he fquire began nlgher to approach,
And wind his horn under the caftle-wall.
That with the noiic it fliook as it would fall.

Fairy l^uren.

They all contended to creep into his humour,
tod to do that, <ix>f themfclves, which they con-
ceived he delircd they Hiould do. Hayward.
Contented in a neft of intyJt
^ He lies, as he hit hlifi did know.

And to the wood no more wouSd go, Walltr.

So hot th' siTault, fo high the tumult rofe,
As all the D irdan and Argolitk race
Had b«en contrived in that narrow (pace. Dryd.

Can mtlery no place of iafccy know ?
The noife purfues tne whcrefoe'er 1 go,
As fate ibuebt only me. Drjd, Aurngsttbe.

A S

9. According to what. '

Who then is Paul, and who IJ ApoUos, but
minifters by whom ye believed, even as the Lord
gave to every man, I Cor.

Their figure being printed,

^j jull before, I think, I hinted.

Alma inform'd can try the cafe. Prior.

The republick is (hut up in the great duke's
dominions, who at prel'ent is very much incenfed
againft it. The occalion is as follows.

Addifin SIS Italy.

10. As it were ; in fome fort.

As for the daughters of king Edward I"V. they

thought king Richard had faid enough for them;

and took them to be but as of the king's party,

becaufc they were in his power, and at his difpofal.

Bacon^s Henry V 11.

1 1. While ; at the fame time that.

At either end, it whiftlcd as it flew,
And as the brands were green, fo dropp'd the dew;
Infected as it fell with fueat of fan^uine hue.

Dry den.
Thefe haughty words Ale^o's rage provoke.
And frighted Turnus trembled as (he fpoke.

Dryden.
So the pure limpid dream, when foul with llains
Of ru(hing torrents, and defcending rains.
Works itleif clear ,^ and as it runs refines.

Addifon's Cato.

12. Becaufe.

He that commanded the injury to be done, is
firft bound ; then he that did it ; and they alfo are
obliged who did fo a(Bft, as without them the
thing could not have been done. Taylor.

1 3 . Becaufe it is ; becaufe they are.

The kernels draw out of the earth juice fit to
nouriJh the tree, as thofe that would be trees them-
feWes. Bacon.

14. Equally.

Before the place
A hundred doors a hundred entries grace ;
As many voices i(fue, and the found
Of Sybji's words as many times rebound. Dryden.

15. How; in what manner.

Men aie generally permitted to pub1i(h books,

and concradidt others, and even tl;emfelves, as they

^picafe, with as little danger of being Gpn^'uteJ, as

of beii;g underftood. ' B'jyh.

16. With; anfwering io Hie or feme.

Sifter, wrii met; v\hicher away (o ii^ ?—
^Upon the like devotion as yourf--Jves,
To gtatulate the gentle princes t}v*re.

Shakefp. Richard HI.

17. In a reciprocal fenfe, anfwering to as.
Every ortence committed in the ftate of nature,

may, in the ftate of nature, be alfo punifiied, and
as far fjrth a% it may in a comnionwealth. Locke.
As fure as it is good, that human natur'; (houfd
exift; fo certain it is, thjt tiic circular revolutions
Of" the earth and planets, rather than other mt ti;)ns
which might as poflibly have been, do declare God.

Bcntley.

18. Going before as, in a comparative
fenle ; the firft as being fometimes un-
derftood.

Sempronius is as brave a roan as Cato. Addif^n.
Blight as the Ain, and like the morning fair.

CranvilU.

19. Anfwering in fuch.

li it nt every man's intercIV, that there fhould
be Jiuh a goiernour of the world as defigns our
happin^fs, as would govern us for our advantage }

Tiliolfor..

2a, Having fo to anfwer it ; in a condi-
tional fenfe.

As tit as tliry carry light and conviftion to any
other man'» mderftandicg./o far, I h'lpe, my la-
bjur may be of xi(e t/a him. hi^ke.

21. 5« is ibmetimes undtrllood.

As in my »pe';uUtions 1 have endeavoured to
extinguilh paftiun and prejudice, 1 am ftill dclirouii
of dcing fome good in this particular. SfiHator.

A S C

2 2. Anrwering to fo conditionally.

So may th* aufpicious queea of love
To thee, O facred ilnp, be kind;
As thou, to whom the mufe commends
The belt of poets and of friends,
Doft thy committed pledge rcftore. Dryden^

33. Before henv it is fometimes redundant;
but this is in low language.

As how, dear Syphax .-' Addifons Cato*

24. It feems to be redundant before ^^^;
to this time.

Though that war continued nine years, and this
hath as yet laftcd but fix, yet there hath been much
more aftion in the prefent war. Addifan,

25. In a fenfe of comparifon, followed

by fo.

As wlien a dab-chick wabbles through the copfe
On feet and wings, and flics, and wades, and hops)
So lab'ring on, with (boulders, hands, and head.
Wide as a mindmiU all his figure fpread. Pope*-

26. As FOR ; with refpeft to.

As for the reft of thofe who have written againft
me, they deferve not the leaft notice.

Dryden s Faifes, Preface*

27. As IP ; in the fame manner that it
would be if.

Anfwering their queftlons, as if it were a mat-
ter that needed it. Locke.

28. As TO ; with refpeft to.

1 pray thee, fpeak to me as to thy thinkings,
As thou doft ruminate; and give thy worft of

thoughts
The worft of words. Shakefp. Othello,

They pretend, in general, to great refinements,
as to what regards ChrilVianity. Addifonon Italy,
I was miftaken as to the day, phtcing that acci-
dent about thirty-fix hours fooner than it happened.

Stiiift.

29. As WELL A»; equally with.

Each man's mind has fome peculiarity, as veil
as his face, that diftinguilhes him from all others.

Locke.-

It is adorned with admirable pieces of fculpture,
as xueU modern as ancient. Addijon on Italy.

30. As though; as if.

Thele {liould be at firft gently treated, as though
weexpe^ed an impofthuniation. Sharp'' s Svrg.

J'Sd DULCIS. SeeBevzoiN.

^'SJ FOETID J. \ n.f A gum or refia

ASS A FOETID A. J brought from the
Eaft Indies, of a Iharp tafte, and a ftrong
offenfive fmell ; which is faid to diftil,
during tiie heat of (iimmer, from a little
flirub. Chambers.

ASARABA'CCJ. u.f [afarum, Lat.] The
name of a pLint.

Asbe'stine. «a)'. [^(rom afhtjfcs ."] Some-
thing incombuftible, or that partakes pf
the nature and <juaiities of the laj>is af-
hefios.

ASBESTOS, n.f [«<7€„-o..] A fort of jia-
tire fcffile ftcne, which may be fplit into
threads and filaments, from one inch to
ten iochts in length, very fine, briitlt,
yet fomewhojt ira<Jtable, Alky, and of a
greyilh colour. It is almoil infipii to
the tafte, indilToluble in water, and
endued with the wonderful property of
remaining unconfumcd in the fire. But
in two trials before 'Jie Royai Society,*
piece of cloth made of tliis ilone was
found to lofe a dram of its weight each
time. This ftone is found in Anglefey
in Wales, and in Aberdcenfliire in Scot-
land. Chambers.

ASCA'RIDF.S. n.f. [airxa^i^i;, froma?|(a.

{ifai, to leap.] Little worms in the reftam.

'A.S'C

Co called from their continual trouble-
fome motion, caufing an intolerable itch-

ing.

9.

uincy.

Tc ASCE'ND. -v. n. [a/cemh, Lat.J

1 . To move upwards ; to mount ; to rife.

Thai to the hcav'n of hea\^ns ihall he itfctrtd)
With viftjry, triumphing tliTOugh the air
Over his toes and thine, Hfi/tort.

2. To proceed from one degree of good
to another.

Bv thefe ftcps we ihall afcenj to more juft ideis
of the glory of Jefus Cbrill, who it intimately
united to God, and is one with hiin.

Wa/ri'j Imfr^vemetii cf tie Mind.

3. To ftand higher in genealogy.

The only inceft wai* in the ajcejidingt not colla-
teral branch ; as when parents and children mar-
ried, this was accounted inccll.

Brsome'i Notei on the Odypiy.

7e Asce'nd. f. a. To climb up any thing.

They ajcmd the mountains, they dcfcer.d the
vallies, Delaney's Rnielathn exatr.intd,

Asce'ndable. ii<^'. [nova afcend."] That
may be afcended. Di3.

Asce'ndant. n.f. [from afcend.'\

1. The par-t of the ecliptick at any parti-
cular time above the horizon, which is
fuppofed by aftrologers to have great
influence.

2. Height ; elevation.

He wjs initiated, in order to gain inftruSion in
fciences that were there in their higheft ajcer.dant.

TemfU.

3. Superiority ; influence.

By the afcmdant he had in his undcrftandlng,
and the dexterity of his nature, he could pcrfuade
him veiy much. Clarendon.

Some ftar, I find.
Has giv'n thee an jjceiidoit o'er my mind. Dryd.

When they have got an afcndant over them,
they (hould ufe it with modeiation, and not make
themfelves fcarecrows. Locke,

4. One of the degrees of kindred reckoned
upwards.

The moft nefarious kind of baftards, are inccf-
tuous baftards, which are begotten between ofand-
ants and defccndants irt injiiutum ; and betAveen
collaterals, as far as the divine prohibition.

Ayitffei Parergcn.
Asce'ndant. at(/.

■ I . Superiour ; predominant j overpower-
ing.

Chrift outdoes Mofes, before he difplaccs him ;
ind fhews an afandant fpirit abtwe him. South,

2. In an aftrological fenfe, above the ho-
rizon.

Let him ftudy the conftcllation of Pegafus, which
is about that time afandant, Brywrii Vulg* Err.

Asce'ndency. B.yl [from <J/fM</.] In-
fluence ; power.

Cuftom has feme afcadeney over underftanding,
and what at one time feemed decent, appears dif-
agreeablc afterwards. tVatti.

Asce'nsion. n./. \afctnfio, Lat.]
1. The aft of afcending or rifing ; fre-
quently applied to the vifible elevation
of our Saviour to heaven.

Then rifing from his grave,
Spoil'd principalities, and pow'rs, triuinph'd
In open flicw; and, with afcnjicn briglit.
Captivity led car tive through the air. Farad. LoJ).

a. The thing rifing, or mounting.

Men err in the theory of inebriation, conceiv-
ing the brain doth only fuffer from vaporous aj-
tcnP>i%s from the ftomach. Bntvn'i ^ulg. Err.

Asce'nsion, in allronomy, is tixhei right
or ohlique. Right afcenjica ot the fun,
or a liar, is that degree of the equinoc-
tial, counted from the beginning of

AS C

Aries, which rife* with the fun or ftar
in a right fphere. Oblique ajceufwn is
an arch of the equator intercepted be-
tween the firil point of Aries, and that
point of the equator which rifes together
with a ftar in an oblique fphere.

Asce'nsion-day. The day on which
the afcenfion of our Saviour is comme-
rooratcd, commonly called Holy Thurf-
day ; the Thurfday'but one before Whit-
funtide.

Asce'nsionalD-^^w«, is the difference
between the right and oblique afcenfion
of the fame point to the furface of the
fphere. Chambtrs.

Asce'nsive. /7<^". \(xom a/cerui.'] Inaftate
of afcent : not in ufe.

The cold augments when the days begin to in-
creafe, though the fun be then ajcmftve, and re-
turning from the winter tropick.

Brmvns J^ulgar Erroun.

Asce'nt. »./. [nfcen/us, Lat.]

1 . Rife ; the aft of riling ; the aft of
mounting.

To him with fwift afcent he up retum'd.
Into his blifsful bofom rcaflum'd
In glory, as pf old. MUtoti.

2. The way by which one afcends.

The temple, and the feveral degrees of efcfrt
whereby men did climb up to the fame, as if it
had been afcala ceeli, be all poetical and fabulous.

Bacn.
It was a rock
Confpicuous far ; winding with one afcent
Acceflible from earth, one entrance high. MUtoti.

3. An eminence, or high place.

No land like Italy erefts the fight
By fuch a vaft afceni, or fwells to fuch a height.

Mdifan.

A wHe flat cannot be pleafant in the Elyfian

fields, unlefs it be diverfified with depreffed valleys

and I'wclling afcenti, Ber:t!iy.

To ASCERTA'IN. -v. a. [acertener, Fr.]

1. To make certain ; to fix ; to eftablifti.

The divine law both af:eriaini:b the truth, and
fupplieth unto us the want of other laws. Holier,

Money differs from uncoined Cher in this, that
the quantity of filver in each piece is afccrid'weJ
by the ilamp. Lueke.

2, To make confident; to tafte away
doubt ; often with of.

Right judgment of myfelf, may give me the
other certainty ; that is, afcerlain roe that I am in
the number of God's children.

Har-.mond'i PraHical Catechfrn.

This makes us id with a repofe of mind and

wonderful tranquillity, bec»jfc it aferiains us of

the goodncfs of uur work. Dryden't Dufrefnoy.

Ascerta'iner. ». /. [from a/certain.]

The perfon that proves or eftablifties.
Ascerta'inment. «./. [from n/certai/t.]
A fettled rule ; an eilabliftied ftandard.
For want of afcenainmeni, how far a writer may
exprefs his good wilhes for his country, innocent
intentions may be charged with crimes.

Swift to Lord Midd/ettn,

Asce'tick. aiij. [ao-x>j1ixo«.] Employed
wholly in exercifes of devotion and mor-
tification .

Niine lived fuch long lives as monks and her-
mits, fequfftercd from plenty to a conftant afcelici
coutfc oi the fcverell abftinence and devotion.

Soutb.

Asce'tick. n. /. He that retires to de-
votion and mortification ; a hermit.

I am far from commending thofc efeiickt, that
out of a pretence of keeping themfelves uirfpotted
from the vvorM, take up their quarters in delarts.

tsorrir.

ASH

He tliat preaches to man, Ihould underftand
what is in man ; and that (kill can fcarce be .it-
tiined by an afcelkk in his folitudes. jliierbury,

A'SCll. n.f. It has nofingular, [from a,
without, and o->^ii, a ftiadow.] Thofc
people who, at certain times of the year,
have no (hadow at noon ; fuch are the
inhabitants of the torrid zone, becaufe
they have the fun twice a year vertical
to them. Dia.

Asci'tes. n.f, [from oun^, a bladder.]
A particular fpecies of dropfy ; a fwell-
ing of the lower belly and depending
parts, from an extravafation and collec-
tion of water broke out of its proper
veflels. This cafe, when certain and in-
veterate, is univerfally allowed to admit
of no cure but by means of the manual
operation of tapping. Siuincj,

There are two kinds of dropfy, the anafarca,
called alfo leucophlegmacy, when the extravafated
matter fwims in the cells of the membrana adi.
pofa ; and the afciies, when the water poncfles the
cavity of the abdomen. Sharp's Surgery.

Asci'tical. 1 a.^'. [from afcites.'\ Be-
Asci'tick. 3 longing to an afcites ;
dropfical ; hydropical.

When it is part of another tumour, it is hydro-
pica!, either anafarcous or afchical, ti^rfm, Surg,
Asciti'tious. tieij. [afcititius,La.t.'\ Sup-
plemental ; additional ; not inherent :
not original.

Homer has been reckoned an afcit'itiout name,
from fome accident of his life. Pofe.

Ascri'bable. at/J, [from afcribe,] That
which may be afcribed.

The greater part have been forward to rejeft It,
upon a miHaken perfuafion, that thofe phocno-
mena are the cftlfts of nature's abhorrency of a
vacuum, which icem to be more fitly afcribah'.e to
the wught and fpring of the air. Boyle,

To ASCRI'BE. 'V, a. [afcribo, Lat.]

1. I'o attribute to as a caufe.

The caufe of his banilhment is unknown, be-
caufe he was unwilling to provoke the emperor, by
afcriiirg it to any other reafon than what was pre.
tended. Drydrn.

To this we may juftly afcr'tbt thofe jealoufics
and encroachments, which render mankind uneafy
to one another. Rogers.

2. To attribute as a quality to perfons, or
accident to fubftance.

Thefe pcrfeiftions muft be fomewhcrc, and there.
fore may much better be afcribed to God, in whoB»
we fuppofe all other perfeflions to meet, than to
any thing clfe. Tilkifon.

AscRi'pTiON. n.f. [eifcriftio, Lat.] The
acl of afcribing. Dia.

AscRi'pTiTious.fliiy. [afcriptitius, Lat.]
That which is afcribed. Dia.

Ash. n.f. [fraxinus, Lat. aej-c, Saxon.]

1 . A tree.

This tree hath pennated leaves, which end in an
odd lobe. The male flowers, which grow at a re-
mote diftancc from the fruit, have no petals, but
confift of many ftamina. The ovary becomes a
feed-vcfTcl, containing one feed at the bott.m,
IhapeJ like a bird's tongue. Miller.

With which of old he charm'd the favage train,
And cali'd the mountain apet to the plain. Pryd.

2. The wood of the alb.

Let me twine
Mine arms aSout that body, where ag ainft
My grained ffti an hundred times hath broke.
And fcar'd the moon with fplintf rs.

Sbakcfp, Corichnui.

Asha'med. adj. [ftom Jhamc.] Touched

with fliarae ; generally with of before

the

ASH

the caufe of fliame if a noun, and to if a
verb.

Profefs publickly the dofttine of Jtfus Chrift,
not being afrlmed of the word of God, or c/"any
prafliccs enjoined by it. Taylor's Holy L'lying.

One would have thought (he would hive ftirr"d ;
but ftrove
With modefty, and was ajkam'd to move. Drydin.

This I have ftiadosvcU, that you may not be
cjhamtd of tiiiX. hero, whofe proteflion you under-
take. Dryden.
AsH-coLOURED. adj. [ffom ajh and co-
/oac.] Coloured between brown and
grey, like the bark of an aOien branch.

CUy, ajlj-cd!,Hred, was part of a ftratum which
lay above the ftrata cf ftone. \Vmihi;crd onFoJpl:.

A'sHEN. adj. [from «/&.] Made of afh
wood.

At once he faid, and threw
His ajheri (yeix, which qulver'd as it fiew. Dryd.

A'sHES. n.f. ivants the Jingular. [aj-ca.
Sax. aj'che., Dutch.]

1, The remains of any thing burnt.

Some relicks would be left of it, as when ajhn
Itmain of burned bodies. I^'g^} o" B:dis.

This late diflenfion, grown between the peers,
Burns under feigned ajhfi of forg'd love.
And will at laft break out into a flame.

Stakfff. HmryVl.

AOic! cintain a very fertile fait, and are the bed
manure for cold lands, if kept dry, that the rain
dith n')t w-arti away their fait. Morrimer'i ilujh,

2. The remains of the body ; often ufed
in poetry for the carcafe, from the an-
cient praftice of burning the dead.

Poor kcy-C''ld figure of a holy king !
Pale ajhes of the huuie of Lancaller !
Thou bloodlcfs remnant of that royal blood !

Stakeffeart.
To great Laertes I bequeath
A talk of grief, his ornaments of death ;
he^f when the fates his royal ajhcs claim,
I'he Grecian matrons taint Iny fpotlcfs name.

Popr.

A'sHLAR. «./ [with mafons.] Free fiones
as they come out of the quarry, of dif
ferent lengths, breadths, and thick-
nert'es.

A'sHLEERiNc. ». / [with buiIdcrs.]
Quartering in garrets, about two foot
an4 a half or three foot high, perpendi-
cular to the floor, and reaching to the
under fide of the rafters.

Bui/dfr't Dia.

Asho're, ad'v. [from a and Jhore.}

1. On (hore ; on the land.

The poor Englifliman riding in the road, having
a'.l that he brought thither afbore, would have been
undone. RaU'tgh.

2. To the (hore ; to tTie land.

We may as bootlefs fpend our v^ln command,
A; fend our precepts to the leviathan
To come ajhori. Shaktff. Uttiry V.

May thy billows rowl afhvre
The beryl, and the golden ore. Mdioi's dmut.

Moor'd in a Chian creek, afiorr I went.
And all the following night in Chios fpent.

AddiJ'jii's Ovid,

Ashwe'dnesday. ». / The firft day of
Lent, fo called from tjie ancient cuftom
of fprinkling allies on the head.

A'sHWEED. tt. /. [from aJh and -weed.]
An herb.

A'sHY. adj. [from afl>.'\ Alh-colourcd ;
pale ; inclining to a whitifh^rey.

Oft hjve ] fcen a tii^'y parted ghoft
Of «^ ftmblance, meagre, pale, and blondlefs.

Sbakrjptare.

Vol. I,

ASK

.Asi'de. adv. [from « andyfrfif.]

1 . To one fide ; oat of the perpendicular
direction.

The llorm rulh'd in, and Arcite flood aghaft ;
The flames wtre blown ifidi, yet (lione they bright,
Fann'd by the wind, and gave a ruffled light.

Drydin.

2. To another part ; out of the true direc-
tion.

He had no brother; which though it be a com-
fortable thing for kings to have, yet it diawetl:
the fubjeils eyes a little afidi. Bacon.

3. From the company ; as, to fpeak a/ide.

He took him afidt from the multitude.

Afcri, vii. 33.

k' SI K ^1t.Y. adj. [afinarius, Lat.] Belong-
ing to an afs. Diil.

A'sinine. adj. [from afinus, Lat.] Be-
longing to an afs.

Yiu Ihall have more ado to drive our duUefl
youth, our flocks and ftubs from fuch nurture, than
we have now to hale our choiceft and hopefullei'.
wits to that afinine feaft of fuw-thiftles and bram-
bles. Milton.

To Ask. n}. a. [aj-cian, Saxon.]

1. I'o petition; to beg: fometimes with
an accufati-ve only ; fometimes with/'or.

When thou dolt ajk me httjfing, I'll kneel aown.
And aJk of thee forgrutntfs. Sbakej'fcare.

We have nothing elfe to a/k, but that
Which you deny already : yet will aJk,
That, if we fail in our requcll, the blame
May hang upon your hardnvfs. Shakefpeare.

In long journies, aJk your maftcr Itave to givf-
ale M the horfcs. .^ti'if.,

2. To demand; to claim: as, to afi a
price for goods.

A/i me never fo much dowry and gift, and I

will give according as ye (hall fay unto me: but

give me the damlel to wife. Gcmfn, xxxiv. 12.

He faw his friends, who, whelm'd beneatli the

waves.

Their funeral honours ctaim'd, and ajk'd their

quiet graves. Drydin s Ane'id.

3. To queftion.

O inhabitant of Aroer, (land by the way and
efpy, ojk liim that flieth, and her that efcapeth,
and foy, what is done ? "Jcnmiah, xlviii. rg.

4. To enquire ; with after before the thing.

He faid, wlieiefoiT is it that thou doll aJk ajiir
rti^ name ? And he blefled him there.

Gcncftiy xxxii. 29.

5. To require, as phyfically neceflary.

As it is a great point of art, when our matter
requires it, to enlarge and veer out all fail ; fo tr
take it in and contrail it, is no lefs praife when the
argument doth ajk it. Ben Jcnfin.

A lump of ore in the bnttim of a mine will be
ftirred by two men's ftrengih; which, if you bring
it to the top of the earth, will aJk &x men to (lit it.

Bacon,

The adminiftration paffes into different hands
at tlie end of two months, which contributes to
dil'patch : but any exigence of llate ajts a much
lunger time to conduct any dclign to its maturity,

MdiJ.n.

To Ask. t/. n.

1 . To petition ; to beg : with for before
the thing.

My Ton, haft thou finned ? do fo no more, but
aJk pardon /*or thy former fins. Ecclus. xxi. 2.
It he afi for bread, will he give him a ftone ?

Matl. vii. 9.

2. To make enquiry ; w'nhfor or of before
the thing. To enquire.

Stand yc in the ways, and fee, and a^ for the
old paths, where is the good way, and walk therein,
and ye (hall find relV for your fouls. Jcrcm, vi. j6.

For ojk now of the days that are paft, which
were betur'* thee, (Ince the day that God created
man upon liic earthy and aJk tram the one lidc ol

A S L

heaven unto the ether, whether there hath been
any fuch thing as this great thing is, or hath been
heard like it. Dmi. iv. 32.

Ask, Ash, As, do all come from the Saxon
ape, an aih tree. Gib/on' s Camden,

s "^ r ' {• ff</t/. Sideways ; obliquely.

Zelmane, keeping a countenance ajkanct, as (he
underftood him not, told him, it became her evil.

8'idnty%

His wannilh eyes upon them bent afiance.
And when he taw their labours well fucceed.
He wept for rage, and threaten'd dire miichance.

Fairfax.

Some fay, he bid his angels turn afkancc .
The po'es i dearth, t^vice ten degrees, and more.
From the fun's axle \ they with labour puih'd
ObHq»ie the centrick globe, Milton.

Ask a'unt. adv. Obliquely ; on one fide.

At tills AchiMes roll'd his furious c>es,
Fix'd on the king ajkaunt ; and thus replies,
O, impudent. Drydiiim

Since the fpace, that lies on either fide
The folar orb, is without limits wide,
Grajit that the fun had happen'd to prefer
A feat ajiattntj but one diameter :
Loft to the light by that unhsppy place.
This globe had lain a frozen luaniome mafs.

Blackmere.
A'sker. n.f. [from aji.]
I. Petitioner.

Have you
Ere now denied the afker? and now again
On him that did not alk, but mock, beitjw..

Shaiefpiare,

The greatncfs of the cjker^ and the fmallnefs of

the thin^ alkcd, had been futlicient to enforce his

requcft. South.

1. Enquirer.

Every ajker being fatisfied, we may conclude,
that all their conceptions of being in a place are
the fame. ^ig^y of Bodies.

A'sker. n.f. A waternewt.
Aske'w. W-j/. [from a and jieiv .] Afide ;
with contempt.

For when ye mildly look with lovely hue.
Then is my foul with life and love infpir'd :

But when ye lowre, or look on me u/irw.
Then do I die. Spenfer,

Then take it. Sir, as it was writ.
Nor look ajkcw at what it faith ;
There's no petition in it. Prior.

To Asla'ke. 'V. a. [from a and faie, or
jlaci,] To remit ; to mitigate ; to flac-
ken. Obfolete.

But this continual, cruel, civil war
No Ikill cm ftint, nor rcafon can ajlake, Spevjer*

Whilft feeking to ajlakt thy raging fire.
Thou in me kindleft much more great delire.

Spenfer.

Asla'nt. ad'v. [from « and _/7a»/.] Ob-
liquely ; on one fiJe ; not perpendicu-
larly.

There is a willow grows ajlanl a brook,
That (hews his hoar leaves in the glalfy ftream.

Shakefpeare's Jiamlet.
He fell ; the (haft
Drove thro' his neck afant j he fpurns the ground.
And the foul ilfues through the weazon's wound.

Drydcn.

Asle'ep. fli/'U. [from a and _/7i?i?/.]
I. Sleeping ; at reft.

How many thouf^inds of my pooreft fubje<5l8
Are at this hour ajleep ! O gentle (leep.
Nature's foft nurfe, how have 1 frighted thee !

Sbakefpare.
The diligence of trade, and noifeful gain,
And luxury more late ajleep were laid :
All was the night's, and in her filcnt reign,
No foivid the reft of nature did invade. Dryden,
There is no diflercnce between a perfon ajleep^
and in an apoplexy, but that the one tan be awa-
ked, asidth'! other cjnnot. ^rbuthnol on Out.

Q, 2. To

ASP

2. To fleep.

Ir' a n:an watch too long. It !( odils but he will
faU atUtf. Baon'i EJfay:.

Thus done the talfs, to bed they creep.
By whifpcrtng winds foon lull'd ojlief. JiiTiltin,

Ai\.o'?t. adv. [from a and_/7ff/r.] With
declivity ; obliquely ; not perpendicu-
larly.

Set them not upright, but ajlopt, a reafonabic
depth under the ground. Bacon.

The curfc epl>t
Clanc'd on the ground ; with bbour I mud earn
My bread : what harm ? Idlcnefs had been worff :
My labour will fuliain me. Miltm.

The knight did ftoop.
And fjte on further fide ajlafe. HuJiirai-

Aso'matous. aJj. [from a, priv. and
cujxct, a body.] Incorporeal, or with-
out a body.

Asp. 7 a-/. [«^»V, Lat.] A kind of

A'spicK.j ferpent, whofe poifon kills
without a poflibility of applying any re-
medy. It is faid to be very fmall, and
peculiar to Egypt and Libya. Thofe
that are bitten by it, die within three
hours ; and the manner of their dying
being by fleep without any pain, Cleo-
patra chofe it. Calmet.

High-minded Cleopatra, that with ftroke
Of afp'i fting herfelf did kill. Fairy Suen.

Scorpion, and affj and ainphiibxna dire,
And dipfas. Milton.

Asp. n. /. A tree. See Aspen.
JSPjTLJTHUS. n.f. [Latin.]

1. A plant called the rofe of Jerufalem, or
our lady's rofe.

2. The wood of a prickly tree, heavy, ole-
aginous, fomewhat (harp and bitter to
the tafte. Afpalathus affords an oil of
admirable fcent, reputed one of the bed
perfumes. Chambers.

I gave a fweet fmell like cinnamon and ajfala-
th*i, and I yielded a pleafant odour like the befl
myrrh. Ecchs, xxiv.

Aspa'racus. »./ [Lat.] The name of
a plant. It has a rofaceous flower of fix
leaves, pl.tced orbicularly, out of whofe
centre rifcs the pointal, which turns to
» foft globular berry, full of hard feeds.

Miller.
J^farapti aflcfts the urine with a fetid fmell,
tfpecially if cut when they are white; and there-
fore have been fufpeftcd by fome phyficians, as
not friendly to the kidneys : when they are older,
tnd begin t» ramifyi they lofe this cjuality ; but
then they are not (o agreeable.

Arbu!hmt on jVimentt.

A'SPECT. n.f. [a/peaus, Lat. It ap-
pears anciently to have been pronounced
with the accent on the laft fy liable, which
is now placed on the firft.]

1. Look; air; appearance.

I have prefentcd t:ic tongue under a double ^J^r/?,
fuch as may juft'f/ the definition, that it is the
bcft and word part. Governmim of thi 1'on^ue.

They are, in myjuJgment, the image or pifture
of a great ruin, and have the tiue a/ftfl of a world
lying in its rubbilh. Bitrnei't Theory,

2. Countenance ; look.

Thofc eyes Ji thine from mine haw drawn fait
tears,
'Sbam'd their «j[if/?jwith ftore of childilh drops.
Sbaktfftaret Richard 111.
I am fearful : wherefore frowas he thus, ?
•Tis his a^jiS of terrour. All's not well. Shairff.

Yet hid his afptti nothing of fcverc,
But fucb a face as p.-oinis'd him linccrn Drjdm.

ASP

Then Iball thy Craggi (a"'' let me eill hStn
mine)
On the caft ore another Pollio fhine;
With aJfrU cpen fliall ereft his head. Toft.

3. Glaiice ; view ; aft of beholding.

Fairer than faireft, in his faining eye,
Whofe fole afftd he counts felicity. Spen/er.

When an evious or an amotoas efpe^ doth in-
feft the fpirits of another, there is joined both af-
feflion and imng'nnion. Bjc n't Natural IIj/l.

4.. Direction towards any point ; view ;
pofition.

The fctting fun
Slowly defccndcd ; and with right affili
Againft the eaftem gate o( ParaJife
Levell'd his ev'ning rays. PamJift I.ofl.

1 have built a ftrong wall, faced to the fouth
afttfl with brick. Sivjft.

5. Difpolition of any thing to fbmething
elfe ; relation.

The light got from the oppofite arguings of men
of parts, (hewing the different fides of things, and
their various afpclii and probabilities, would be
quite loft, if every one were obliged to fay after the
fpeaker. Locke.

6. Difpofition of a planet to other planets.

There's fome ill planet reigns,
I muft be patient till the heavens look
With an ajpcli more favourable.

Shaie/p. jyintirs Talt.

Not unlike that which aftrologers call a con-

jundion of planets, of no very benign aJprCl the

one to the other. ffolton.

To the blank moon
Her office they prcfcrib'd : to th' other five
Their planetary motions, and ajprBit^
In fextile, fquare, and trine, and oppofite.

I'araJife Lofl.

Why does not every fingle flar (bed a feparate

influence, and have afpt^i with other ftars of their

own conftellacion ? Btntley't Strmont.

To Aspe'ct. f.fl. [a/picio, Lat.] To be-
hold : not ufed.

Happy in their miftake, thofe people whom
The northern pole aJptHs ; whom fear of death
(The greateft of all human fears) ne'er moves.

ttmptr.
Aspe'ctable. aJj. [a/peilabilis , Lat.]
Vifible ; being the objeft of fight.

He was the fole caufe of this aJfeHable and

perceivable univerfal. RaUigb.

To this ufe of informing us what is in this

afpiflai/e world, we fliall find the eye well fitted.

Ray on the Creation.

Asfe'ction. «./ [from a/peS.] Behold-
ing ; view.

A Moorish queen, upon aJfeHion of the piflurc
of Andromeda, conceived and brought forth a
fair one. BroTVn,

As'pen, or Asp. »./ [^?, Dutch ; a/p,
Dan. epfe, trembling. Sax. Somner.']
See Poplar, of which it is a fpecies.
The leaves of this tree always tremble.

The a/pen or afp tiec-hath leaves much the fame
with the poplar, only much fmaller, and not fo
white. Mortimer.

The builder oak fole king of forefts all,
The ajfen, good for ftatues, the cyprefs funeral.

Spcnftr.

A's p E N . atlj. [ from afp or a/pot. ]

1. Belonging to the afp tree.

Oh ! had the monfter Iccn thofe lily hands
Tremble like affen leaves upon a lute. Shak'fp.

No gale difturbs the trees,
Nor allien leaves confefs the gcntleft biccze. Cay.

2. Made of afpen wood.

yfSFER. adj. [Lat.] Rough ; rugged.
This word I have found only in the fol-
lowing paflage.

.Ml bale notes, or very treble notes, give an
affrr found ; for that the bafe ftrijutb more ai r
isujx it caa well Arike equally. Bacn.

ASP

To A'SPERATE. t/. a. [a/pero, Lat.] To
roughen ; to make rough or uneven.

Thole corpufcles of colour, infinuaiing them-
felves into alt the pores of the body to be dyed,
taiy afperale iti fuperiicies, according to tbe big-
nrfs a.jd tex.ure of the corpufcles. By/e.

Aspera'tion. ;/./. [from a/perate.] A
making rough. Diff.

Asperifo'lious. t:i/J. [fromfl^^r, rough,
and folium, a leaf, Lat.] One of the
divifions of plants, fo called from the
roughnefs of their leaves.

AsPE RITV. n.f. [a/peritas, Lat.]

1. Unevennefs; roughnefs of furface.

Sometimes the pores and afperities of dry bodies
are fo incommcnfurate to the particles of the li-
quor, that they glide over the furface. Boyle,

2. Roughnefs of found ; harfhnefs of pro-
nunciation.

3. Roughnefs or ruggednefs of temper ;
morofenefs'; fournefs ; crabbednefs.

The charity of the one, like kindly exhalationsy
will defcend in (bowers of blelTings ; but the ri-
gour and ajfir'aj of the other, in a fevere doom
upon ourfelves. Government of tbe Tongue*

Avoid all unfeemlinefs and afftriiy of carriage ;
do nothing that may argue a peevi(h or frowarJ
fpirit. Rogers.

Asperna'tion. n.f. \afpernaUo, Lat.]
Negleft; difregard. Di3.

A'sperous. adj. \afper, Lat.] Rough;
uneven.

Black and white are the moft afperous and une-
qual of colours; fo like, that it is hard to diftin-
guUh them : black is the moft rough. Boyle*

To ASPE'RSE. v. a. [a/pergo, Lat.] To
befpatter with cenfure or calumny.

In the bufinefs of Ireland, bcfides the opportu-
nity to afperfe the king, they were fafe enough.

Clarendon*
Curb that impetuous tongue, nor ralhly vain.
And fingly mad, afperje the fov'reign reign. Pcpe*

Unjuftly poets we ajperfe.
Truth Ihines the brighter clad in verfe. Sivifl,
Aspe'rsion. tt.f. \afperJio, Lat.]

1 . A fprinkling.

If thou doft break her virgin knot, before
All fanflimonious ceremonies.
No fweet ajferfons (hall the heav'os let fall.
To make this contract grow. Shaktfpettfe.

It exhibits a mixture of new conceits and old,
whereas the inftauration gives the new unmixed,
otherwife than with fome little «;^i>y!i»i of the old,
for taftc's fake. - Bacon*

2. Calumny ; cenfure.

The fame ajperfiom of the king, and the fame
grounds of a rebellion. Dryden*

Aspha'ltick. eidj. [from afphallos.\
Gummy ; bituminous.

And with ofphaltick (lime, broad as the gate,
Deep to the rojts of hell, the gather'd beach
Thcv f.iftvn'd. Miltm.

ASPHA'LTOS. n.f. [ic<p»>.7U, bitumen.]
A folid, brittle, black, bituminous, in-
flammable fubftance, refcmbling pitch,,
and chiefly found fwimming on the fur-
face of the Laciis Ajpljaltiies, or Dead
Sea, where anciently flood the cities of
Sodom and Gomorrah. It is call up in
the nature of liquid pitch, from the
bottom of this fea ; and, being thrown
upon the water, fwims like other fat bo-
dies, and condenfes gradually.

ASPH-iTLTUM. »./. [Lat.] A bituminous
ftone found near the ancient Babylon,
and lately in the province of Neufcha-
tel ; which, mixed with other matters,
makes an excellent cement, incorrupti-
ble

ASP

bla by air, and impenetrable by water ;
fuppofcd to be the mortar fo much cele-
brated among the ancients, with which
the walls of' Babylon were laid. Chamb.
A'sPHODiiL. n. f. [lilio-nJ'phoJeluj, 'L?ii.'\
Day-lily. Ajphodti were by the an-
cients planted near barying-places, in
order to fupply the manes of the dead
with nourifhment.

By thofc happy fouls who dwell
In yellow meads of fifphodel. Pope.

A'spicK. n.f. [See Asp.] The name of
a ferpent.

Why did I 'fcape th' invenom'd a/fid's rage.
And all the fiery monfters of the dcfart.
To fce this day ? yidjifin.

To A'SPIRATE. -v. a. [afpiro, Lat.] To
pronounce with afpiration, or full breath;
as we afpirate horji, houfe, and hog,

TeA'spiRATE. 'v.n. [(j/^/ro, Lat.] To
be pronounced with full breath.

AVhere avowel ends a word, the next begins e'l-
it\a with a confooant, or what is its equivalent ;
for our iv and h tijptrate, Drydi-n.

A'spiRATE. a^J. [ajfiratas, hat.^ Pro-
nounced with full breath.

For their being pervious, you may call them, if
you pleaft, perfpiratc ; but yet they are not aff'i-
rate, i. e. with fuch an afpiration as t, Ihhtcr,
Aspira'tion. n.f. [a/firalio, Lat.]
I . A breathing after ; an ardent wilh :
ufed generally of a wifh for fpiritual
bleffings.

A foul infpiredwith the w»rnieft<»^i»'<i/;4Bi after
cdcHial beatitude, keeps its powers attentive.

pralii.

Z. The aft of afpiring, or defiring fome-
thing high and great.

'Tis he ; I ken the manner of his gait ;
He fifes on his toe j that fpirit of his
In afi>irj!:on lifts him from the earth. Sbaiefpeare.

3. The pronuDciacion of a vowel with full
breath.

H i« only agutturatuj^'irjrwff, i. e. a more for-
cible impulfe of the breath from the lungs. Holder.

To ASPrRE. 'v. ft. [afpiro, Lat.]
I . To defire with eagernefs ; to pant after
fomething higher: fometiraes with the
particle to,

Moft excellent Udy, no expeftitjon in others,
nor hope in himff If, could afpire to a higher mark^
than to be thought worthy to be praifcd by you.

Sidney,

His father's grave cnunfellors, by whofc means

iic hal ajp'trid to the kingdom, he cruelly tortured.

KnoUti.
Hence fprings that univerfal ftrong defire,
Which all men have of immortality :

Not fomc few fpirits unto this thought ajftre,
• But all men's minJs in this united be. Da-vks.
Horace did ne'er afpire to epic bays :
Nor lofty Maro iloop to lyrick lays. Ro/ammon*

Till then a helplei*', h^pelefs, homely Twain ;
1 fnujjht not freedom, nor afpir'ti tc gain. Dryjcn,

AJiJrirg to be gods, if angels icVf
Ajf-hinT (0 be ang' U, men rebel, P'^pe.

2- Sometimes with after,

Thofc are faif«:d above fenfe, and afpire afu-r
smmort-ility, who believe the perpetual duratlr-n
of llicir fouls. TUhtfon.

There is none of us but who would l>e thought,
fhroughout the whole courfe of his life, to efpire
after immortality. Atterhury,

3. To riJe ; to tower.

There is betwixt th.»t fmilc we wr,uU ofb'ire to^
That fwcct afpeft of princes and our ruin,
More pangs and fears than war or women have.

$bakefptar£.
My own breath fliU foment the fire,
WhicU fiagie^ aj high as fancy can fifpiu% WalUr.

ASS

Aspi'rSTI. n.f. [from affire.'\ One that
ambitioufly ftrives to be greater than
he is.

They ween'd
To win the mount of God ; and on his throne
To fet the envlerof his fiate, the proud
Ajflrer : but their thoughts prov'd fond and vain.

MHion.
Asporta'tion. n. f. [ajpartatio, Lat.]
A carrying away. D/S.

As (iu i' N r. aii'-j. [from a andy^a/»<.] Ob-
liquely ; not in the rtraight line of vifion.
A fingle guide may direft the way betTcr than
five hundred, who have contrary views, or loiik
afqulnt, cr Ihut their eyes. Siulfr.

Ass. n.f. [ajtitus, Lat.]

1. An aiiimal of burden, remarkable for
fluggifhnefs, patience, hardinefs, coarfe-
nefs of food, and long life.

You have among you many a purchss'd flave,
Which, like your ^[fa, and your dogs and mules,
You ufe in abje£V and in ilavilh part,
Becaufe you bought them. Sbakfff-eare.

2. A ftupid, heavy, dull fellow ; a dolt.

I do begin to perceive that I am made an ofi.

Shakeffeare.
That fuch a crafty mother
Should yield the world to this eft .'^a woman that
Bears »'l down with her brain ; and yet her fon
Cannot take two from twenty, for his heart.
And leave eighteen. ^baltfpeare.

To ASSA'IL. -v. a. [offailUr, Fr.]
I. To attack in a hoftile manner; to af-
fault ; to fall upon ; to invade.

So when he faw his llatt'ring arts to fail.
With greedy force he 'gan the fort t.' ajfliil,

Fairy S^ueert.

z. To attack with argument ; cenfure ;
or motives applied to the paffions.

My gracious lord, here in the parliament
Let us aJ'aU the family of York. Sbakefpeare*

She will not ftay the fiege of loving terms,
Nor bide th* encounter of affai/ing eyes. Shalefp.

How have I fear'd your fate ! but fear'd it moft,
When love aJfaU'd son on the Libyan coafl. DryJ.

All books he reads, and all he reads ajjails,
From Dryden's Fables down to D— y's Tales. Pope.

In vain Thaleftrii with reproach a^iaih ;
For who can move when fair Belinda fails ? P^pe,
Assai'lable. adj. {(rora ajjail.'\ That
which may be attacked.

Banquo, and his Fleancc, lives.
—But in them nature's copy 's not eternal.—
—There's comfort yet, they inaJJaUahU. Sbaiefp.
Assa'ilant. »./. [aj/ai l/a/tt, Fr.] Hs
that attacks ; in oppofition to defendant.
The fame was fo well encountered by the de-
fendants, that the obHinacy of the ajfailanti did
but incicafi the lofs. llayiajrd.

I'll put royfelf in poor and mean attire.
And with a kjni of umber fmirch my faccj
The like do you ; fo (hall we pals alonj.
And never ftir tijfailantu Sbuhcfp^are.

A%s\'\i.\tir. adj. Attacking; invading.
And as ev'ning dragon came,
j^Jftiilant t<n the peiched roolls
Of tame viilatick fowl. Milton.

Ass a'i i.e r . n.f. [from pJiiiL] One who
attacks another.

Palladiui h'-Ue.l, fo putfued o\it ojjaihri, that
one of tltem (If-w him. Sidney.

A^sapa'nick. ». f. A little animal of
Virginin, which is faid to fly by ftretch-
ing out its (boulders and its flcin, and is
called in Englidi the flying fquirrel.

Trevoux.

Assa'rt. n.f. [ejjart, from effarter, Fr.
to clear away wood in a forell.] An of-
fence committed in the forcil, by pluck-
ing up thofc woods by the roots^ that

ASS

are thickets or coverts of the foreft, and
by making them as plain as arable land.

Coivell.
To Assa'rt. 'v. a. \eff'arttr, Fr.] To com-
mit an afTart. See Assart.
ASS A'SSIN. 7 n.f {I'ffnffin, Fr. a word
Assa'ssin ATE. 5 brougtit originally from
Afia, where, about the time of the holy
war, there was a fet of men called alf-
fnffins, as is fuppofed for Arfaddce, who
killed any man, without regard to dan-
ger, at the command of their chief.] A
murderer ; one that kills by treachery,
or fudden violence.

In thevcty moment as the knightwithdtewfrora
the duke, this ajj'.i^mMs gave him, with a back
blow, a deep wound into his left fide. U^otton*

Tht Syrian Icing, who, to furprize
One man, affaffm like, had levy'd war,
War unprociaim'd. ' Milloni

The old king is juft murdered, and the perfon

that did it is unknown. Let the foldlers feize

hira for one of the ojjljfmalet, and let me alone to
accufe him afterwards. Drjdcit.

Here hir'd nff'.'Jfim for their gain invade,
And trcach'rous pois'ncrs urge their fatal trade.

'Creecb*

When flie hears of a murder, (he enlarges more
on the guilt of the fuffering perfon, than of the
ajjijin. Addlfetl.

Oreftes brandllh'd the revenging fword.
Slew the dire pair, and gave to fun'ral flame
Thz yWc ajfhjjirty and adult'rous dame. Pope,

Ufeful, we grant, it fcrves what life requires.
But, dreadful too, the dark aJJi^JJin hins. Pope,
Assa'ssinate. «./. [Uoiafif/iiJJ!n.'\ The
crime of an aiTaflin ; murder.

Weie not all ajfjjjijiatei and popular infuirec-
tions wrongfully chartifed, if the mcanncfs of the
offenders indemnified them from punifliment ?

Pope,
To Assa'ssin ate. -v. a. [from affajftn.'\

1. To murder by violence.

Help, neighbours, my houfe is broken open by
force, and I am ravifhed, and like to be ajfajfinated,

Drydeti,

What could provoke thy madnefs
To ajjhjfmaie fo great, fo brave a man ? Pbilips,

2. To way-lay ; to take by treachery. This
meaning is perhaps peculiar to Milton.

Such ufage as your huaourable lords
Afi'ord me, c[[ii(Jlnated and betray'd.
Who rfurft not, with your whole united powVs,
In fight withftand one iingle and unarm'ti. Mtlton»
AsSASSi N a'tion. n, f. [from ajfetffinati.'\
The aft of aifaffinating ; murder by vio-
lence.

It were done quickly, if th' ajfajfmation
Could trammel up the confequence. Sbakefpeare.
The duke finiHi'd his cbucfe by a wicked aJJ'.JJi-
nation, ClarciidoDm

Assassina'tor. n.f. [from affajjin ate. ^
Murderer; mankiiler; the perfon that
kills another by violence.
Assa'tion. n. f [aj/li/us, roafted, Lat.]
Roafting.

The egg e»plring lefs in the clixation or boiling ;
whereas, in the ti/pri'jn or roafting. It will fomc-
time'j abite a drachm. Brcnvns fulmar Err^ttn^
ASSA'ULT. n.f [afault, French.]

1. Attack; hoftile onfet : oppofed to de-
fence.

■ Her fpirit had been invincible againft all ajfuultt
of afTciftion. Shaiejpeare,

Not to be fliook thyfelf, but all ajfauitt
BaHling, like th/ hoar cliffs the loud fca wave.

Tbomfatu

2. Storm : oppofed tafap m fiege,

J.ifon took at lead a thnufajid men, and fud-

denly made an ajjiiull upon ihe city, i Mac, v. 5.

0^3. After

ASS

After fome d«y« ficge, he refolved to try the
fortvoe of an ttjUamh : he fucceeded therein (o far,
that he had taken the priocipal tower and fort.

Baccn.

3. Hoftile violence.

Themfelves at difcord fell,
And cruel combat jojn'd in middle fpace,
With horrible tffiull and fury fell. Fairy Stutin.

4. Invafion ; hoflility ; attack.

After fome unhappy affaulii ufen the prerogative
by the parliament, which produced its diflolucion,
there followed a compofure. Ciarendon.

Theories, built upon narrow foundations, are
very hard to be fupported againft the ajjaults of op-
pofition. Lccke.

5. In law. A violent kind of injury of-
fered to a man's perfon. It may be
committed by offering of a blow, or by
a fearful fpeech. Ccnveli.

6. It has ujioa before the thing afTaulted.
To Assa'ult. -v. a, [from the noun.] To

attack ; to invade ; to fall upon with
violence.

The king granted the Jew> to gather themfelves
together, and to Aaod for their life, to dcHroy all
the power that would ajjauh them. EJib. viii. 1 1.

Before the gates the cries of babes new-born.
Whom fate had from their tender mothers torn,
AJfauh his ears. Drydm.

New curfcd fleel, and more accurfcd gold.
Gave raifchief birth, and made that mifcfaief bold :
And double death did wretched roan invade.
By ftcel ajfiullcd, and by gold betray'd. Drydtn.

Assa'ulter. n.f. [from <7^«//.] One
who violently affaults another.

Neither liking their eloquence, nor fearing their
might, we efleemed few fwords, in a jufl defence,
able to refift many unjuft ajfaulicn, Sidmy,

ASSA'Y. »./. [tfaye. Fr. from which the
ancient writers borrowed aj/ay, accord-
ing to the found, and the latter ejfay,
according to the writing ; but the fenfes
now differing, they may be confidered
as two words, ]

1. Examination ; trial.

This cannot be
By no affjy of reafon. 'Tis a pageant,
To keep us in falfe gaze. Sbatttjpeare*

2. Inlaw. The examination of meafures
snd weights ufed by the clerk of the
market. Cmveil.

3. The firft entrance upon any thing ; a
tafte for trial.

For well he weened, that fo glorious bait
Would tempt his gueft to take thereof a/fay.

Fahy Shteen»

4. Trial by danger or diftrefs ; difficulty ;
hardfhip.

She heard with patience all unto the end.
And ftrove to mailer foirowful oJJay<, Fairy S^uftn.

1 he men he preil but late,
To hard aj/iiyt unfit, unfure at need,,
Yettrm'd to point in well attempted plate. Fair/.

Be fure to find
What I foretel thee, many a hard ajjay
Of dangers, and advet lities, and pains,
"Etc thou of Ifracl's fceptre get fad hold, MUtm.

To Assa'y. ai. a. [rjfayer, Fr.]
I . To make trial of i to make experiment
of.

One that to bounty never caft his mind,
Ne thought of honour ever did ajfay
His bafcr breali. Sprnpr.

Cray and Bryan obtained leave of the gcncial a
little taajjay them \ and fo with fome horfirmtn
charged them home. Hay ■ward.

What unweighed behaviour hath this drunkard
picked out of my converfatioO; that he dares in
this manner aJSy m» t ibakcjftare.

ASS

1. To «pply to, as the touchftone In aj/ay-
ing metals.

Whom tlius affliAed when fad Eve beheld,
Defolate where flie fat, approaching nigh.
Soft words to his fierce paflion flie ajfay'd. Milton.
3. To try ; to endeavour.

David girded his fword upon his armour, and
be effayed to go, for he had not proved it.

I San. xvii. 39.
Assa'yer. n.f. \ixam ajfay.^ An officer
of the mint, for the due trial of filver,
appointed between the mafter of the
mint and the merchants that bring
filver thither for exchange. Coiuell.

The fmeltets come up to the affayert within one

in twenty. JVocd'ward on Fajfils.

Assecta'tion. n.f, yaffiHatie, Lat.]

Attendance, or waiting upon. Diil.
Assecu'tion. n.f. [from affiquor, ajfe-

ctttum, to obtain.] Acquirement ; the

aft of obtaining.

By the canon law, a perfon, after he has been in

full polTeflion of a fecond benefice, cannot return

again to his firll ; becaufe it is immediately void

by his ajficuti-m of a fecond, ylylijfe^s Parergon.

Asse'mblace. «./. \ajjimblage , Fr.]

1. A colleftion ; a number of individuals
brought together. It differs from af-

fembly, by being applied only, or chiefly,
to things ; affembly being ufed only, or
generally, ot'perfons.

All that we amafs together in our thoughts is
pofitive, and the ajftmblage of a great number of
poiitive ideas of fpace or duration. Locke.

2. The ftate of being afTembled.

O Hartford, fitted or to (hinc in courts
With unaft'efled grace, or walk the plains
With innocence and meditation join'd
In foft affemhlaz't liften to my fong 1 Thmfon.
To ASSE'MBLE. i/. a. {affembler, Fr.]
To bring together into one place. It is
ufed both of perfoiis and things.

And he (hall fet up an enfign for the nations, and
dxMaJpmbU the outcafts of Ifrael, and gather to-
gether the difperfed of Judah. Ifa'wh, li. I2.

He wonders for what end you have ajjimhled
Such troops of citizens to come to him. Sbaifff.
To Asse'mble. "v.n. To meet together.
Thefe men ajfcmiled, and found Daniel praying.

Duniel.

As s e'm B L y . «. /. {ajfemblee, Fr. ] A com-
pany met together.

Tliey had heard, by fame.
Of this fo noble and fo fair ajfcmhlyf
This night to meet here. Sbaieffeare.

Asse'nt. ft./. [aJjfenfuSf'L^X.']

1. The aft of agreeing to any thing.

Without the king's tijfml or knowledge.
You wrought to be a legate. Hbakefp, Hen. VIII.

Faith is the ajivt to any prcpofition, njt thus
made out by the deduflion of reafon, but upon
the credit of the propol'cr. L.cke.

All the arguments on both fides mud be laid
in balance, and, upon the whole, the understanding
determine its ajftnt. Locke.

2. Confent ; agreement.

To urge any thing upon the church, requiring
thereunto that religious aj/erl of chriftian belief,
whorewith the words of tlic holy prophets arc re-
ceived, and not to (hew it in fcripturc j this did
the Fatliers evermore think uiJawful, impious,
and execrable. Hooker.

The evidence of Cod's own teftimony, added
unto the natural a^tnt of reafon concerning the
certainty of them, doth not a little comfort and
confirm the fame. Hooker.

To ASSE'NT. -u. «.. [nfentire, Lat.] To
concede ; to yield to, or agree to.

And the Jews alfo aj/entcdf faying, that thefe
Uujigs W«r« fo ^Ss, XJJV. $•

ASS

Asikhta'tion. n. /. [affintatio, Lat.]
Compliance with the opinion of another
out of flattery or diflimulation. Dia.
Asse'ntment. «./. [from a^n/.] Con-
fent.

Their arguments are but precarious, and fubfift
upon the charity of our ajfenimeais.

Biorx<Ki Vulgar ErrourSt

To ASSE'RT. v. a. [ajfere, Lat.]

1. To maintain ; to defend either by
words or aftions.

Your forefathers have ajjferted the party wbich
they chofe till death, and died for its defence.

DryJn,

2. To affirm ; to declare pofitively.

3. To claim ; to vindicate a title to.

Nor can the groveling mind.
In the dark dungeon of the limbs confin'd,
/IJfcrt the native Ikies, or own its heav'niy kind.

Drydtn,

Asse'rtion. n.f. [from ajfert.^

1. The aft of aflerting.

2. Pofition advanced.

If any affirm the earth doth move, and wilt
not believe with us it dandeth ftill, becaufe he
hath probable rcafons for it, and I no infallible
fenfe or reafon againlt it, I will not quarrel with
his afjertion. Brcvjns Vulgar Errours*

Asse'rtive. a<^'. [from ajh-t.] Pofitive;
dogmatical ; peremptory.

He was not fo fond of the principles he under-*
took to illullrate, as to bsad their certainty ;
propofing them not in a confident and ajfcrtivt
form, but as probabilities and hypothefcs. C!aytv»
Assr'rtor. n. f. [from ajferl-l Main-
tainer ; vindicator ; fupporter ; affirmer.

Among th' ajjirtdrs of free reafon's claim,
Our natijn's not the lead in worth or fame. ViyJk

Faithful ajprtor of thy country's caufe,
Britain with tears ih^U bathe thy glorious wound.

Prior.

It is an ufual piece of art to undermine the
authority of fundamental truths, by pretending to
fliew how weak the proofs arc, which their ajfcrtirt
employ in defence of them. Atterbmry.

To Asse'rve. 1;. a. [cffirvio, Lat.] To
ferve, help, or fecond. Di3.

To ASSE'SS. -v. a. {itom afefare, Ital,
to make an equilibrium, or balance.}
To charge with any certain film.

Bcfjre the receipt of them in this office, they
were afj'rjj'cd by the affidavit from the time of the
inquifition found. Batons

Asse'ssion. H./ \ttffef!io,\A\..'\ A fitting
down by one, to give affiltance or ad-
vice. D'tii.

Asse'ssment. n.f. [from To ajfefs."]

1 . The fum levied on certain property.

2. The aft of aflieffing.

What greater immunity and happinefs cin
there be to a people, than to be liable to no laws,
but what they make themfelves ? To be fubjedt
to no contribution, aj'effkent, or any pecuniary
levy whatfoevet, but what they vote, and volunta-
rily yield unto themfelves ? HcwcU
Asse'ssor, n.f. [rjpjfcr, Lat.]
I. The perfon that fits by another ; ge-
nerally ufed of thofe whoaffift the judge.

Minos, the ftri£l inquifitor, appears j
And lives and crimes, with his aJTeffors, hears :
Round in his urn the blended bails he rowls,
Abfolves the juft, and dooms the guilty fouls.

DrydrKt

1. He that fits by another as next in dig-
nity.

To his Son,
Th' afftjjor of his throne, he thus began. Mi/lor,

Twice ftronger than his fire, who fat above,
ylje^/ir to the tiuoae ef Uiuad'ting Jove. Dryd.

3. He

ASS

A S S

ASS

3. He that lays taxes ; derived from af-

A'sSETS. n.f. luithout the Jingular. [ajjiz,
Fr.] Goods fufficient to difcharge that
burden, which is caft upon the executor
or heir, in fatisfyirT the teilators or
anceftors debts or legacies. Whoever
pleads ajjits, fayeth nothing ; but that
the perfon, againll whom he pleads, hath
enough come to his hands, to difcharge
what is in demand. Cowell.

To ASSE'VER. 1 'V. a. [aje^ero, Lac]

?!? Asse'verate. 3 To affirm with great
folemnity, as upon oath.

Assevera'tion. tt.f. [from ajfe'verate.'\
Solemn affirmation, as upon oath.

That which you are perfuaded of, ye have it
no otliepvifc than by your own only probable col-
ledion ; and therefore fuch bold ajfcveraticnt, as
in him were admirable, Jhould, in your mou;hs,
but argue raAincfs. Hmttr.

Another abufe of the tongue I might add ;
vchemcr.t ajjeverations upon flight and trivij! oc^
cafions. Ray on the Creation*

The repetition givej a greater emphafis to the
words, and agrees better with the vehemence of
the fpeaker in making his ajfiveraticn.

Bro-jtr.e't Notes on the Odyjfey.
A'ssHEAD. n.f. [from afs and head.'\ One
flow of apprehenfion ; a blockhead.

Will you help an ajthead, and a coxcomb, and
a knave, a thin-fjccd knave, a gull ? Sbak, Ham,
AssiDu'iTY. n.f. [affiduili, Fr. ajjiduitas,
Lat. ] Diligence ; dofenefs of applica-
tion.

1 have, with much paint and ajfuiuity, qualified
myfclf for a numenclator. jidd'tjln.

Can he, who has undertaken this, want con-
vision of the neccffiiy of his utmoll vigour and
ejpduily to acquit himfelf of it ? Rogen.

We obfcrve the addrefs and ajjiduity they wl!
ufe to corrupt us. fiogtru

ASSI'DUOUS. adj. [aj/lduui, Lat.] Con-
Aant in applicatioa.

And if by pray'r
IncefTant I could hope to change the will
Of him who all things can, I would not ceafc
To weary him with my c^iducut cries. Milf.n.
The mod affiduoui talebearers, and bittereil re-
Tilers, are often halfwitted people.

Government of the Tongue,
In fummer, you fee the hen giving herfelf
greater freedoms, and quitting her care for above
twojiours together j but in winter, when the ri-
gour of the feafon would chill the principles of
life, and deftroy the youog one, /he grows more
ejfiduou: in her attendance, and (lays away but
half the time. Addtjm.

Each ftill renews her littk labour,
Nor juftles hrr affiduoui neighbour. Prior.

Assi'puousLY. adv. [from aj/lduous.]
Diligently ; continually.

The trjde, that obliges artificers to be offidmujly
tonverfant with their materials, is that of glafs-
""^n- Boylt.

The habitable earth may have been perpetually
the drier, feeing it it affiduoajly itimei and ex-
haufted by the fcas. Beni.'ey.

To Assi'ece. -v. a. [aj/ieger, Fr.] To be-
ficge. Obfolete. Dia.

On th' other fide th' ajieged ca/lles ward
Their fterlfaft arms did mightily maintain. Spenf.

jlSSIKNTO. n. f. [In Spanifh, a con-
traft or bargain.] A contr.^ft or con-
vention between the king of Spain and
other powers, for furnilhing the Spanilh
dominions in America withnegioflaves.

To ASSI'GN. V. a, [aj^zisr, f r. ajigno,
Lit.}

I . To mark out ; to appoint.

He affigned Uriah unto a place where be knew
that valiant men were. 1 Sam. xi. 16.

"t^he two armies were affigned to the leading o(
two generals, bod) of them rather cocrtiers afi'urc^
to the ftate, than martial men. Bacon.

Boah joining.
As joined in injuries, one enmity
Againn a f .e by doom exprefs affign'd us.
That cruel ferpent. Milton.

True quality is negUQed, virtue is oppreffed,
and vice triumphant. The laft day will aJJ'.gn to
every one a ftation fuitable to his chara£ler,

ylddifor.

2.'Ta fix with regard to quantity or value.
There is no fuch intrinfick, natural, fettled
value in any thing, as to make any affigned quan-
tity of it conftantly worth any affigned quantity of
another. Licke.

3. [In law.] In general, to appoint a de-
puty, or make over a right to another ;
in particular, to appoint or fet forth, as
to aj/tgn error, is to ihew in what part
of the procefs error is committed; to
affign falfe judgment, is to declare how
and where the judgment is unjuft ; to
afflgn the ceflbr, is to fliew how the
plaintiff had cefled, or given over ; to
affign wafte, is to lliew wherein efpeci-
ally the wafte is committed. Co^vell.

Assi'gnable. adj. [froma^^w.] That
which may be marked out, or fixed.

Ariftotle held that it ftreamed by connatural
refalt and emanation from God ; {o that there
was no inflant affignahU of God's eternal cx-
illence, in which toe vorl<l did not alfu co-exiA.

South.

Assigna'tion. n.f. [fl^^na//o«, French.]

1. An appointment to meet ; ufed gens-
rally of love appointments.

The lovers expected- the return of this rtated
hour with a*i much impatience as if it had been a
real afftgnati^n* SfniJatir.

Or when a whore, In her vocation,
Keeps pnniflual to an affignatton. Swift.

2. A making over a thing to another.
Assign ee'. «./. [aj^gne, Fr."] He that

is appointed or deputed by another to
do any aft, or perform any bufmefs, or
enjoy any commodity. And an ajjigaee
may be either in deed or in law ; ajjigtiee
in deed, is he that is appointed by a
peribn ; ajjignce in law, is he whom the
law makcth fo, without any appoint-
ment of the perfon. Coiucll.
Assi'cNER. n.f. [from a^^».] He that
appoints.

The gofpel is at once the aff.gncr of our taHts,
and the magazine of our ft-rcngth. Decay of Piety,
Assi'gnment. »./. [from a^^n.] Ap-
propriation of one thing to another
thing or perfon.

The only thing which maketh any place pub-
lick, is the publick affignment thereof uata fuch
duties. Hooker.

This in^itution, which afligns it to a perfon,
whom we have no rule to know, isjuft as good as
an affignment to no body at all. Locke.

Assimilable, adj. [ from ajjimilate. ]
That which may be converted to the
fame nature with fomething elfe.

The fpirits of many will fii'd but naked habi-
tations ; meeting no affimilahln wharein to re-adi
their natures. Broiun's Vulgar Erroun.

To ASSI'MILATE. v. n. [dftmilo, Lat.]
To perform the aft of converting food
to nourifhment.

Birds affimilaie tefs, and excern morCj than

bealh ; for their excrements are ever liquid, and
their flelh generally more dry. Bacon's Nat. Hift.
Birds be commonly better meat than hearts, be-
caufe their fleih doth aff.ntilate more finely, and
fecerneth more fubtciy. Bacon's Natural Hijiory,
To Assi'milate. f. a.

1. To bring to a likenefs, or refemblance.

A ferine and neceflitoos kind of life would
ealily affimilate at leall the next generation to bar-
barifm and ferinenefs. HaU^

They are not over-patient of mixture ; but
fuch, whom they cannot off.mHatej foon find it
thei'rjntercH to remove. Stvift^

2. To tiirn to its own nature by digeftion.

Tafting concodt, digeft, ajjimilate^

And corporeal to incorporeal turn. Milton,

Hence alfo animals and vegetables nyay afftmi-

latt their nourirtiment j moift nouriihment eafily

changing its texture, till it becomes like the

denfe earth. Nenvton.

Assi'milateness, n.f. [from ajjimilate.^

Likenefs. Dill.

Assimila'tiom. «./. \ixO'ai ajjimilate. ^

1. The aft of converting any thing to the
nature or fubftance of another.

It furthers the very aft of affimdation of nou-
rifiiment, by fomc outward emollients that make
the parts more apt to alTimilate. Bacon's Nat, UiJ},

2. The ftate of being affimilated, or be-
coming like fomething elfe.

A nuurilhment in a large acceptation, but rot
in propriety, conferving the body, not repairing it
by ojjtthilationi but preferving it by ventilation.
. ' Bronvns Vulgar Errours,

it is as well the inilinO as duty of our natuie,
to afpire to an aff nidation with God j even the
mo(( laudable and generous ambition.

Decay of Pietyt

To Assi'mulate. f. a, [a£!mulo, Lat,]
To feign ; to counterfeit. Diil.

AssiMUL a'tion. n.f. [aj^mulatio, hat.']
A diffembling ; a counterfeiting. Diff^

To ASSrST. 'v. a. [ajijler, Fr. aj/ijlo,

. Lat.] To help.

Receive, her in the Lord, as becometh faints,
and ajjiji her in whatfoever bufinefs Ihe hath need.

Rom. xvi. 2,

It is neceflary and affjihg to all our other in,

tellc^ual faculties. Locke,

Acquaintance with method will affji one in

ranging human affaires. JVatts's Logick,

She no fooner yielded to adultery, but fhe agreed

to cffjl in the murder of her hufband.

Broome on the Odyffey,
Assi'stance. n. /. [cij/ifiance, French.]
Help ; furtherance.

The council of Trent commends recourfe, not
only to the prayers of the faints, but to their aid
and afffance: What doth this aid and affiflanct
fignify .» Stillingfieet.

You have abundant affijiances for this know-
ledge, in excellent books. Wakes Prep, for Death.

Let us entreat this neceflary affijiance, that by
his grace he would lead us. Rogers,

Assi 3TANT. adj. [from ajfijl.'] Helping;
lending aid.

Some perchance did adhere to the duke, and

were affiftant to him openly, or atleaft underhand.

Hale's Common Laiu of England,

For the performance of this work, a vital or

direftive principle feemeth to be affjlant to the

corporeal. Crew^

Assi'sTANT. »,/. [from aj/i/.]

1 . A perfon engaged in an affair, not as
principal, but as auxiliary or minille-
rial.

Some young towardly noblemen or gentlemen
were ufually fent as affiflantsot attendants, accord,
ing to the quality of the perfons. Bacon,

2. Sometimes it is perhaps only a fofter
word for an attendant.

A^^

' T'hf >il! affiflnnis on each oth'er'(!.w'd,
• ^lthg«,»ing mouths for ilfuing wordt prefir'd.
- ' ■ Drydai.

ASSr?E, ^./. lajpji, a fittirt|; Fr.] •
i'r An aircmbly of knights ari3f other fub-
_.,jliu>uaj «n(;n, with tli« IjaiUff.or jajUcie,
''in" a 'certain place,' and at a cenain

timo. .
c. 'A jury.

j. 'All ordinance or ftatate.
j^. The court, place, or time, where and
>v'tieti, the writs and proceflVs (^ a^ze
are tal^en. ■ , , Catvcll.

,, . '^ic law wi^ i)«y<ir executeil by any jul'ticc;. of
.,.4|^^;lwtU>e]>c9^cJe(c't»tJicir »u-n laws. '
■■' M'T ' ■ ' Vavies OH Ir^Untii.

At each «//r« and term we try ■
... A thon'and i^f»;als of as deep a d)e,,,./?jry(^^«v.

5. Any court pfjoiUce, . ■ y. . t ' ■,

TJK- judging God /hall clofe the boolf. of fyxc,
Anil there the lad a^f! keep,
For (lioft-vl'ho wake, !l^d thsfe who deep. Diyi.

6. Ajpxt hf bread; ale, Si6. Meafure of
price or rate. 1'hus it is faid, lutien
'wheat is of fuch a price, the bread Jhall
be ofj'ucb aflize.

7. Meafure ; for which we now \x{e.fix.e. .

On high hill's top 1 faw a llately frame,».'j ,

An hundred cubits hij^h by jutt tf^xf,
; With hundred pillars. Spcrtjer.

!7fl Assi'zE. fu. a. [from the Aoun.] To
fix the rate of any thing by an aj[}ixe or
writ.

Assi'zERjOr Assi'sER. n.f. [from a£ize.']
Is an officer that has the care and over-
fight of weights and meafures. Chamb.

Asso'ci AB I. E. adj. [aj/ociaiilis, Latin.]

[ That which may be joined to another.

Ti ASSO'CIATE. -v.. a. [ajhcier. Fr.]

, affacie, Lat.]

I. '1^0 unite with another ks a confederate.

, ' A fearful army led by Caius Marcius,

y^iVd/f^ with Aufidius, rages
. Upon our territories. Shakespeare.

1. To adopt as a friend upon equal term'.

AJJituaic in your town a. wand'rin^ train.
And Arangers in your palace entertain. Dryden.

■3. To accompany,; to Ite.cp company with
another. . , ..

Fi>ends ibould <7^iarr friends in grief and woe.

.'' ', • _ ,Shaktjjttare.

4. To unite ; to join.

Sijmc oleaginous particles unperceivedly ajjict-
tueJ ih;mfclves to it. ByU.

5. It has generally the particle tvith ; as,
he njfociated nvith his mailer's enemies.

TV Asso'ciATE. "J. n. To unite himfelf;
to join himfelf.

Asso'ciATE. adj. [from the verb.] Con-
federate ; joined in intered or purpofe.

While 1 defccnd through daricncfs
To my fl/T-jriafs pow'rs, them to acquaint
With thcic fucccHes. Milton.

•Asso'ciATE. n.f. [from the verb.]

J. A pei^bn joined with another ; a part-

iver.
Tl ey pcrfuade the king, now in old age, to

make PUngut his aff.uau Im govcrumcht -.vith
' h'.m. % ' - ■ '\ S'lirty.

2. A confederate, in a good or neutral
fenfe ; an accomplice in ill.

Their dci'end:r, and h\i affeciates, h:iTe fithencc
yrnpofcJ to the wjrld a form fuch as thcmfelvcs
Jilce. }hoker.

5. A companion ; implying fome kind of
equality.

A S S

He was accompanied with a noble gentleman,
no unfuilable alJiciatt. ffattr..

Sole Eve, ajWuit folc, to me, beyond
Compare, above all Hving creatures dean MHim.
But iny tfficutci now my ftaydeplnrc,
. Impatient. Ptfi's OJyffiy.

Associa'tion. It,/. Ifrom afficiale.y
1 1 . Union ; conjunction ; focicty.

1 he church being a foctct)-, hath the fclf-fanic
original grounds, which other politick focietits
have; the natural inclination which all men have
unto fociablelife, and confcnt to fome certain bon i
o{ ojjhciatiov; which bond ts the law that appoini-
cth what kind of order they (hould bq aJ/'o:u"e<l in.
- • ' Heoier.

2, Confederacy ; union for particular pur-
pofes, good or ill.

This coiild not be done but with mighty op[io-
Ctibn: againll which to ftrcngtlien themfelves,
they fectttjy^ehteied into a league of aj/idaiien.

Ih^ier.

ji Partnerlhip.

Self-denial it a kind of holy ajiniatior \yith
God j and, by making you his partner, lnter,clh
you in all his happincfs. BiiyU.

4. Conneftion.

y}Jfociati:n of ideas is of great importance, and
may be of ejcellcnt ufe. ff^ails.

5. Appofition ; union of matter.

The changes of corporeal things are to be placed

. only in the various feparations, and new aJJ'odotkni

and motions, of thcfe permanent particles. Ncwtm.

A'ssoNANCE, n.f. \affonance, Fr.] Re-
ference of one found to another refem-
bling it. Refemblance of found. Dicl.

A'ssoNANT. adj. \affonant, Fr.J Sound-
ing in a manner refembling another
found. DiSl.

To Asso'rt, "v. a. \affortir, Fr.] To range
in clafles, as one thing fuits with ano-
ther.

Asso'rtment. n.f, [from fl^rt.]

1. The adl of claffing or ranging.

2. A mafs or quantity properly felefted
and ranged.

To Asso't. -v. a. [from^/o/ ; affoter, Fr.]
To infatuate ; to befot : a word out of
ufe.

But whence they fprung, or how they were begot,
Uneath is to afiiirc, uncath to weenc
That monftrous errour which doth fome ajfot.

f Spettfer.

To ASSUA'GE. 'V. a. [The derivation of
this word is uncertain : Minjhe--iv de-
duces it from adfuadere, or affuaviare ;
Junius, from fpa-y, fweet ; from whence
Skinner imagines afpa;j-an nilglit have
been formed.]

1. To mitigate ; to foften ; to allay.

Refieihing winds the fummer's heats ajjuage.
And kindly warmth difarms the winter's rage.

AMiS«n.

2. To appcafe ; to pacify.

. Yet is his hate, his v-nc ur, ne'er the lefs,
Since nought I'jjkaveth malice when 'tis told.

Fairfax.

This was ncceflary for the fccuring the pc^pe

from their fears, capable of being ajfua^ei by no

other means. ClarendMt.

Shall I, t* tjfua^c

Their brutal rage.

The rcgil (torn ui:(lroy > Dryien'sAthkn,

3. To eafe ; as, the medicine affnagts
pain.

To Assua'ce. %<. n. To abate.

Gnd male a wind to pais over the earth, and
. the waters /T^ifl^r*/. Gtn. v\'\\. 1.

Assu'a'cem ENT. n.f. \Uoxa affuage.\ Mi-
tigation i abatement of evil.

A s ^

Tell me, when Aall thefe weary waet tiarecnd.
Or (hali their ruthlcis torment ntier ccafc,
Dut all my days in pining languor fpend,
; Without litpc ai ■affua^nntr.t or rcledfe.

- ' • Sffvjir'i S'trrretu

AssuA'een'. *./ [from «^^*.i One who
pacifies -or appeafes. '

Assua'sivb. adj. [from ajiut^e."] Soften-
ing ; mitigating.

It in the1>rea(l tumultuous joys arife,
Mufick her foft a£aaf.'Jt voice fupplic^.

Pifc's St. Cariihrn

To Assu'biwcats. V. a.WubJHgo, Lat.]
To fubjeft to : not in ule.

This valiant lord
Mud not fo (late his palm, nobly acquir'J ;
Nor by my will ajjutj.tgate his merit,
By going to Achilles. Sbakejf:are,

AssUEFA'cTtON. tt.f. [a^utfacio, hiX."]

The (late of being accuftomed to any

thing. -

Right and left, as parts infervicnt unto the mo-
tive faculty, arc differenced by degrees from ufe
and aJjutJaSi'tm,- or according wliereto the one
grows (Irongcr. ' Src^ns l^algar Errcuru

Asivs'TVDS.. n.f, [ajsietttdo. Lit.] Ac-
cuftomance ; cuftom ; habit.

Wefcc that ii^irti«f; of things hurtful, doth make
them lofe the force to hurt. Baccn't Nal, Hi/it

To ASSU'ME. V, a. laffumo, Lat.]

1. To take.

This \vhen the various god had urg'd in vain.
He Rrait ajfum'd his native form again. Py>e«

2. To take upon one's felf.

With ravilh'd cirs
The monarch h^ars,
Ajlumfs the God,
Affedls to nod.
And feems to (hake the fphcrcs. Drxdittt

3. To arrogate; to claim or fcize un-
juflly.

4 . To fuppofe fomething granted without
proof.

In every hypothefis, fomething it allowed to be
affumed. Byle.

5. To apply to one's own ufe;. to appro-
priate.

His mijefty might well ajfumc the complaint
and cxpicliion of king David. Clarcr.diJt,

To Assu'me. •:;. n. To be arrogant; to
claim more than is due.

Assu'mer. n.f. [from ajjhmc.'] An arro-
gant man ; a man who claims more than
his due.

Can man be wife in any courfe, in which he is
not fafe too .' But can thcfc high ajjumers, and pre-
tenders to reafon, prove tliemfelvcs h ? Scutb,
\s%v'},iitic. participial adj. [from ajfufite.]
Arrogant ; haughty.

His haughty looks, and his a[/umtrg air.
The fon of Ifis cnuld no longer bear. Dryden*

This makes him over-forward in bufinefs, aj'
fumivg in convcrlatior, and peremptory in anfwers.

C-Ml,r.
ASSUMPSIT, n.f {affamo, Lat.] A vo-
luntary promifc made by word, where-
by a man takcth upon him to perform
or pay any thing to another ; it con-
tains any verbal promife made upon
confideration. Co^mcII,

.Assu'm PTION. II. f. \aff:implio, Lat.}
1 . The ad of taking any thing to one's felf.

The perfnnal dtfccnt of God tiiml'i, and his
eff..mpn<:n of our fl.lh to his divinity, more fami-
liarly to infinuale liis plrafure to us, was ^u en-
forcement beyond ali methods of wifdom.

liammwiSi iuniamnittn.

5 a. The

ASS

2. The fuppofition, or aft of fuppoSng, of
any thing without further proof.

Thefe by w.iy of a//itiTtj,ih>i, unJer the two ge-
neral prop ■litions, a.Q incrmficaUy and nativ^llyi
gtod or bnJ. ^orrii<'

3. The thing fnppofed ; a poilulate. ' ' ' '.

Hold, fays thcS.^ick, )oMt RffuKfU'jn'i Wrcing': ,
I gtaiiT, crue -I'^ei'jni-you k«ve well defin'd. Dryd-

Forrfie jJ^umptUrty that Chrid di 1 fuch miiacu-;
lous iqJ fupernatura) works to confirm what he
faid, we need only repeat the rneflage fent by him'
to Joh;i the Bartift. Sou'h.

4. The taking up any perfon into heaven,
which is fuppofed by the Roraifli Church
of the Blefle ! Virgin.

Upan rf-.i .^cali of the ajjfuwptkn of the BlefTed
Virgin, the pope and cardinals keep the vefpers.

St'tlUngjiett,

Adam, after a certain period of years, would
have been rewarded with an affump:]on to eternal
felicity. Wtii^.

Assc'mptive. adj. [ajfumptevus, Lat.]

That is afTumed. '

Ass; 'range. »./. \affurance, Fr.]

1. Certain expectation. '

Tlijugh hopr be, indeed, a lower and fclTcr'
thing thar. ajfuriinccy yet, as to aii the purpofesof a
pioiij life, it may prove moie i.vful, Sawh.

Wr;at encouragement c^.. bt t^ivcn to goodnefi,
beyond the hopes of heave j, and the ajjitratici of a
er.Ilefs felicity ? TilLtfon.

2. Secure confidence ; truft.

What mm is be that boat>5 of flelbly might,
And vain ajfuraticcof moical'ty, -
Which all fo f"on as it doth come to fight
Againft fpiritual foct, yields by and by. Faiy S^.

.3. Freedom from doubt; certain know-
ledge.

Proof from the author!tyT)f man's judgment, is
not able to work that affurance, which doth grow
by a ilronger proof. Hooker.

•Tis far off.
And rather like a dream, than an aj/irancc
That my remembrance warrants. Shjk. Tcmftfi.

The obedient, and the man of pia£lice, Ihall
outgrow all tiieir doubts and ignorances, till pcr-
fuafion pafs into knowledge, and knowledge ad-
vance into aJJ'urarct, South.

Hath he found, in an evil courfe, that comfort-
able ajfuranu of God's favour, and g ;jd ho^ :s cir
his future condition, wliic^ a religious life would
have given him ? Tilhtjon.

4. Firmnefs ; nndoabting ileadinefs.

Men whofe confidera'.inn will relieve our mo-
defty, and give us courage and ujptrana in the du-
ties of our piofcflion. Rogers.

5. Confidence; want of modefty ; exemp-
tion from awe or fear.

My behaviour, ill governed, gave you the firft
comfort; my atfeflion, ill hid, hath given you
this laft afj'urame. Suincy.

6. Freedom from vitious Ihame.

Converfatiun, when they come into the world,
will add to their knowledge and ojpir^nce. Locke,

7. Ground of confidence ; fecurity ; fuffi-
cient reafon for truft or belief.

The nature of defire itfelf is no eafier to receive
belief, than it is hard to ground belief; for as de.
fire is glad to embrace the firft /hew of comforr,
fo is defire defirous of prrt'eii ajfurance, Sidney.

As the conqueft was but llight and fuperficial,
{o the pope's donation to the Irifli fubmiflions were
but weak and fickle ujfurarcei. Daviei on Ireland.
None of woman born

Shall harm Macbeth.

—'J hen live, Macduff, what need I fear of thee ?
But yet I'll ni;:kc etjfurance double furc.
And take a bond at fate; thou (halt not live.

Hbakejfeare.

I m'f ■ ' " ' f vTir offer ij the bed;
And, make her the aj^urance^

She i> I . '.e you muft pardon mej

ASS

If you iliouU die before him, where'j her dower ?

Shakefpcare,
^n afjuran;e being paffed through for a compe-
tent line, hath caine back again by reafon of fome
oVerllghr. ' Bacon.

-8, Spirit ; intrepidity.

; 'fhey, like refolutc men, ftoQd in the face of
th^ breach witlnmofe ajpiravce than the wall itfelf.

■,*-'-'.■ KnolUi.

With all tV ajjirance innocence can bring,
Fearlefs without, becaufe fccure within ;
Arm'd with my CJurage, unconcern'd 1 fee
This pomp, a Hiame to you, a pride ro me. ' Dryd.

9. Sauguinenefs ; readinefs to hope.

' This is not the grace of hope, but a good natu- ,
ral affarance or c 'ntidence, which Atiltocls obfervcs
youn^ men to be full of> and oW men not fo in-
clined to. hammond.

10. Teftimony of credit.

1 am a gentleman of blood and^ breeding,
And, from fome knowledge and nfflirance of you,
Offer this office. Shakef^care' i King Lear.

We have as great ajfurance that there is a God,
as we could expeQ to have, fuppofing that he were.

. Tlllolfon.

1 1 . Conviftion.

Such an aljurance of things as will make men
careful to avoid a leflirr danger, ought to awaken
men to avoid a greater. TiUotfon.

12. [In theology.] Security with refpeft
to a future ftate ; certainty of accept-
ance with God.

13. The fame with /»/«r/i»«. See Insu-
rance.

To Assu're. a/, a. \affeurer, Fr. from af-
J'ecurare, low Latin.]

1. To give confidence by a firm promife.

So when he had affured them with many words
that he would reilote them without hurt, accord-
ing to the agreement, they let him go for the fjv-
ing of their brethren. 2 Mac. xii.

2. To fecure to another ; to make firm.

So irrefiftible sm authority cannot be refle^ed
on, without the moft awful reverence, even by
thofc whofe piety ajfurei its favour to them. Rogers.

3. To make confident ; to exempt from
doubt or fear ; to confer iecurity.

And hereby we know, that we arc of the truth,
and Ihall ii^iiMOurheartsbefoiehim. iyotn,'s\\, 19.

1 revive
At this laft fight ; aJJ'ur'd that man (hall live
With all the creatures, and their feed perfcrve.

Mi/ton.

4. Too make fecure : with o/.

But what on earth can lung abide in ftate?
Or who can him affiire of happy day ? Sfenjer.

And, for that dow'ry, I'll ujj'urt her of
Her widowhood, t^e it that ftie fuivivcs me,
In all my lands and leafes whatfoever. Sbakefp,

5. To afHance j to betroth.

'Ihij aiviner laid claim to me, called me Dro-
mio, fwore t was esjfured to her. Shjkejfieure,

Assu'red. participial adj. [fromo^rf.]

1 . Certain ; indubitable ; not doubted.

It is an ajiired experience, that flint laid about
the bottom of a tree makes it profper.

Bacon's Natural Hi/lory,

2. Certain ; not doubting.

Young princes, clol; your hands,
—And your lips too j for, I am vitII affured.
That I did fo, when I was firft ajjlr'd.

Sbakejpearg's King fohn.
As when by night the glafs
Of Galilaco, lefs offur'd, obfervcs
Imagin'd lands and regions in the moon. Milton.

3. Immodeft ; vitioufly coiifident.
Assu'redlv. ad'x'. \jivom. aJJ'ured.'\ Cer-
tainly ; indubitably.

They promls'd me eternal happincfs.
And brought me garlands, OrifRth, which I feel
I am not worthy yet to wear ; 1 fllall affuredly.

S^akefl'eari.

AST

God is abfolutely giod, and fo, effiirtj.y, th«

caufe of all that is good ; hut of any thing t!iat i» '

evil he is ho caufe at all. Raleigh's Hifi. ofH'orld.

jiJJ'uredly he will flop our lib^:ty, till we reftoie

him his woiihif • ' South.

Assu'redness. »./. [from ajiiied.'\ The

ftate of being aflured ; certainty.
Assu'rer. >!./. [from c^«v.]

1 . He that gives aflurance.

2. He that gives fecurity to mftke good
any lofs.

To ASSWA'GE: See ASSUAGE. '
A'sterisk. ?;./. [arte'""*®--] A mark itt
printing or writing, in form of a little
ftar; is •• :

He atfo puBliflied. the tranflation of the Septua-

gint by itfelf, having firll compared it with the

Hebrew, and noted by ajier'ijks what was defeilive,

and by obelilks what was redundant. Crew*

A'sTERisM. n.j'. \ttjierifmus, Lat.]

1. A conftellation.

Poetry had filled the (kics with aji'rifms, and'
hlftories belonging to them ; and the..' aflrology
devifes the feigned virtues and influenres of each.

B-nt ley's Scrmoru

2. An afteriflc, or mark. This is a very
improper ufe.

Uwcll particularly on pafTages with an ajler'iftn ♦ ;
for the obfcrvat'.ons which follow fi.ch a note, will
give you a clear light. DryJen's Dufrejnoy,

Asie'rn. adv. [from a and _/?cr».] Ir»
the hinder part of the ftiip ; behind the
(hip.

The galley gives her fide, and turns her prow.
While thofe afiern, defcending down the ftcep.
Thro' gaping waves behold the boiling deep. Dryd.
To Aste'rt. v. a. [a word ufed by Spen-
fer, as it feems, iorjtart, or fiarile.] To
terrify ; to ftartle ; to fright.

We deem of death, as doom of ill defert ;
But knew we fools what it us brings until.
Die would we daily, once it to expert;
No danger there the (hepherd can ajlert. Spenfcr,

A'sTHMA. ». /. [ao-S/xa.J Afretjucnt,
diflicult, and fliort refpiration, joined
with a hiffing foond and a cough, efpe-
cially in the night-time, and when the
body is in a prone pofture ; becaufe
then the contents of the lower belly
bear fo againft the diaphragm, as to
leflen the capacity of the breaft, where-
by the lungs have lefs room to move.

^incy.

An BJihma is the inflation of the membranes of

the lungs, and of the membranes covering the

mufcles of the thorax. Floyer on the humours,

AiTHUATictLi-.l adj. [from afihma.'\

Asthma'tick. 5 Troubled with an

afthma.

In ajlhmatical perfons, though the hings be
very much Huffed with tough phlegm, yet the pa-
tient may live £bme montlis, if not fome years.

Boyle.

After drinking, our horfes are moft ajlhmatick ^

and, for avoiding the watering of them, we wet

their hay. Floyer.

Asto'nied. part. adj. A Word ufed in

the vcrfionof the Bible ioiajhnijhed.

Many were afivnted at thee. Ijaiah, lii. i^.

Unnanly dicad invades

The French a/lony'd. J. Philips,

To ASTO'NISH. -v. a. [ejlomier, Fr. from
altmitui, Lat.] To confound with fome
fudden paffion, as with fear or wonder j
to amaze ; to furprife ; to ftun.

It is the part iif men to fi-ar and tremble.
When the moft mighty gotis, by tokens, fend
Such dreadful heralds to B^sBift us, S^hukeffrare.

.^Jl.nijh'd

A S T

Afiomjh'i <t the voice, he Hood amai'd.
And all around with inward horror gaz'd* A^tJ'itu

A genius unlverfal as hit theme,
Ajiwtlh'w^ as chaos. TBomfin.

ASTO NISHINCNESS. «._/C [Uom aJfoHiJh.']

Of a nature to excite aflonifliment.
Asto'nishment. »./ [eflonniment, Fr.]
Amazement ; confvflon of mind from
fear or wonder. ,. ,, ,,.,; .1 -

We found, with no lefi wondef to, as than ejla-
tii/kment to themfelvts, that they wei-e the two va-
liant knd famous brothers. Sidnij.

She efteemed this as much^bovc his wifdom,as
ajltmjhmirt is btyond bare Mlnuratipn> Swib.

yi AsTo'uND. -v. a. {eftonnO-, Fr.'\ To
alloni/h ; to confound with fear or won-
der. Thij word is now fomewhat ob-
*i>'ete. ,.,,„„.

Thefe thoughts may ftartle well, but not afimind
The virtuous mind, that ever walks attended
By a ftrong fiding champion, confcicitcc Milnn.
Astra'ddle. ativ. [from a &t\Aj!railMe.y
With one's legs acrofs any thing. Dia. !
A'sTRACAi,. n./. [ar^ay<»^®>., the ankle'
or ankle-bone.] A little round meniber,-
jn the form of a ring or bracelet, ferv-
ing as an ornament at the tops and bot-
toms of columns. Builder's DiS.

We fee none of that ordinary confufion, which
is the refult of ijiurter rounds of the ajiragal, and
1 know not how many other intermingled particu-
lars. Sfeliclor.i

A'sTRAL. adj. [from a/?>-aOT, Lat.] Starry;
belonging to the ftars. (

Some oftral forms I muft invtke by pray'r,
Fram'd all of pnreft atoms of the air ;
Not in their natures fimply good or ill,
But mofl fubfervient to bad fpirits will. DryJtn.\

Astra'y. adv. [from a a.i\dji,-aj.'\ Out of
the right way.

May feem the wain was very avll led, '

When fuch an one had guiding of the way,
That knew not whether right he .went, or clfe
ajiray. Sperftr.

You run aflray, for whilft we talk of Ireland,
you rip up the original of Scotland, Spenjer on Jrct.

Like one that had been led aflray
Through the heav'ns wide patdlefs way. Milton.

7*0 ASTRT'CT. 'V. a. \aflringo, Lat.] To
,' contraft by applications, in oppofition'

to relax : a word not fo much ufcd as

eonfiringe.

The folid parts were to be relaxed or ajlnlicd, ns

they let the humours pafs either in too fmall or too

great quantities. Arhuthmt en Al'mcnti.

AsTRi'cTiON. n.f. [aJ}ri3io, L?it.] The
aft or power of contrafting the parts of
the body by applications.

Afirilihii is in a fubftancc that hath a virtual
cold ; and it worketh partly by the fame means that
old doth. Bacon.

This virtue requlreth an aJiriSthn, but fuch an
afiridiim as is not grateful to the body ; for a pleaf-
lag afiriaiofi doth rather bind in the nerv7s than
expel them j and therefore fuch ajinSkn is found
in things oi a harfli tafte. Bacon.

Lenitive fubflances are proper for dry atrabila-
r'an conftltution?, who are fubjeft to ajirili'an of
the belly, and tlic piles. Arbuihmt on Dili.

AsTRi'crivE ad/. \Jiom aftriS.'] Stip-
tick ; of a binding quality. Dih.

AsTRi'croRY. adj. [ajiriaoriui, Lat.]
Aftringent ; apt to bind. Z)/V7.

Astri'dr. adv. [from a and Jlride.'\
With the legs open.

To lay their native arms afide.
Their modcfty, and ride aftrid,: Uudihrm.

1 faw a place, where tiie Rhone it fo ihaiteiicd

A§ t

between two rockj, that a man may Rand afiridc
upon both at oixce. B<yle.

Astri'ferous. adj, {a^rifer, Lat.]
Bearing or having liars. Dia.

Ast r I'c E ROUS, adji [afiri^Bf, Lai.J Car-
rying ftars. ' > DiB.

rffASTRl'NGE. ^. a. [ajlrhgo, Lat.]
To prefs by contraftion ; to make the
parts draw together. '

Tears are cauicd by a contraflion of the fpirits
of. the brain j which contra3ioh, by confcquence,
ajlri^gnb the rooirt»rc of t^e btain, and thereby
fendrth tears into the eyes. Bainn.'.

AsTRTNCENcy. ». / [from aJfriMge.]
The power of comrafting the parts ot
the body ; oppofcd to the power of re-
laxation. '

Aftriflion ^rohibiteth difTolution ; as, in medi-
cines, afiringcnts inhabit putrcfaflion : and, by
ajlihgcncy, fomc frflall quantity of oil of vitriol
will ke:p frcUi water loiig from putrefying.'

'■ '- ' " Bii^iCi Natural WJIory.
Atid, acrid, auftere, and bitter fubftan^es, by'
their ajlr'wgeny, create Jiorroof, ftat W, IHmulale
tlie fibres. •''.'■■■ ' Arbuthnot.^

Astri'ncent. adj.' \_njfri>igens, Lat.]
Binding; contrafting ; oppofed to /a.v-
ati've : it is ufed fometimes of talles'
which feem to contraft the mouth.

AJIrin^nl medicines arc binding, which aft by'
the afpenty of their particles, whereby they corru-
gate tlie membranes, and make tliem draw up;
clofcr. ' ^m.ji.l

The myrobalan hath parts of contrary natures, !
for it is fweet and yet ejirmgent, \. Baiop.

The juice is very ajlrlngcni, an^ therefore of (To'w
motion. _ Bacon's Natural Hiftcry.

What diminifticth fenfible perfpiration, en-
crcafeth the infenfible; for that rcafon a ftrength-
ening and ajfringent diet often condoceth to this
pui^ofe. Arbuthnot en jUhm-tn,

A'strocraphy. n.f. [from a-{5> and
y^u^u.l The fcience of defcribing the
ftars. Dia.

A'strolabe. n.f. [of irig, and Xot.iiXt,
to take.]

1. An inftrument chiefly ufed for taking
the altitude of the pole, the fun, or ftars,,
at fea.

2. A ftereographick pxojeftion of the cir-i
cles of the fphere upon the plain of fome
great circle. Chambers.

Astro'locer. n.f. [ajirolcgus, Lat. from
u,T^o» and ^o'y©'.]j

1. One that, fuppofing the influences of
the ftars to have a caufal powc, profefles
to foretel or difcover events depending
on thofe influences.

Not unlike that wliich aftrohgin call a conjunc-
tion of planets, of no very benign alpcft thenncto
tlic other. _ - IViiion.

A happy genius is the gift of nature : it depends
on the influence of the ftars, fay the ajlrologers ; on
the organs of the body, fay the naturalifts ; it is the
particular gift of heaven, fay the divines, both
chriftians and heaihens. Drydcn.

AJIrolagtrs, that future fates fore/hew. Pcpt.

I never heard a finer fatire againd lawyers, tha«
that of a/fro/o^wj, when they pretend, by rules ot
art, to tell when a fuit will end, and whether to the
a Ivantage of the plaintift'or defendant. S^vjt.

2. It was anciently ufed for one that un-
derftood or explained the motions of the
planets, without including prediftion.

A worthy ajtrologrr, by perfpcdtive glafTes, hath
found in the ftars many things unknown to the an-
cients. . Rale.gh.

Astroi.o'gian. ». /. [from ajlro'ogy.']
The fame with aji oltger.

AST

The twelve hotifes of heaven, in the form which
ajirohgiam ufe. Camden.

■ The ftars, they fay, cannot difpofe
No more than can the aJInUgian, Huiibrai.

Astrolo'gical. 7 J- re /. , ,

As r ROLo'c I c K . I'^J- t*^"" ¥'ology.-\

1. Profefling aftrology.

Some feem a little aJlreUguat, as when tliey
warn ut from places of malign influence. Ifetion.

No ajirologkk wiiard honour gains.
Who has not oft been binifli'd, or in chains.

DrydcK,

2. Relating to aftrology.

Ajtrotogical prayers fscm to me to be built on ai

go>Kl leafon as the prediftions. StiUingftur,

The poetical fables are more ancient thin. the

afirfihgual inOiences, that were not known to tl,e

Creeks till af:er Alexander the Great. BenlUy,

AsTROLo'ciCALLY. adv. [from ajlrtlo-

gy-'\ In an aftrological manner.
7» Astro'locize. nj. n. [from ajfra.

logy.'\ To praftife afliology.
ASTRO'LOGY. H.f. [ajirologia, Lat.]
The praftice of foretelling things by
the knowledge of the liars ; an art now
generally exploded, as irrational and
falfe.

1 know the learned think of the art of ajlrolegy,
that the ftars do not force ihe aftions or wilU of
mch. Stvi/t.

Astro'nomer, n./. [from Sr^ov, a ftar,
and ion©-, a rule or law.] One that
ftudies the celeftial motions, r.nd the
tules by which they are governed.

The motions of faClionj under kings ought ta

be like the motions, as the afironomert Ipeak of, in

the inferioar orbs. Bac(,n.

Aftrcncmeri no longer doubt of the motion of the

planets about the fun. Locke,

The old and ticw ajfronomers in vain
Attempt the heav'niy motions to explain.

BlarJttrfore^
Astrono'mical. ladj. [from a^ro/ior/ty.'\
Astrono'mick. j Belonging to aftro-
nomy.

Our fjrefathers marking certain mutations to
happen in the fun's progrefs through the zod'ack,
th-y re^iftrate and fet them down in their aftrono-
mical canons. Brc-a.n't Vulgar Errouri.

Can he not pafs an aftrtmcmick line.
Or dreads the fun th' imaginary fign.
That he Aiouid ne'er advance to either po'e ?

Blackmire,
Astrono'mically. adv. [from ajlro-^

mmical.] In an aftronomical manner.
ASTRO'NOMY. n. f. [ir^ovo^;*, from
arftf, a ftar, and ►op.®-, a law cr rule.]
A mixed m.ithematical fcience, teaching
the knowledge of the celeftial bodies,
their magnitudes, motions, diftances,
periods, eclipfes, and order. Pythago-
ras taught that the earth and planets
turn round the fun, which ftands im-
moveable in the centre. From the time
of Pythagoras, ajironcmy funk into ne-
gleft, till it was revived by the Ptole-
mys, kings of Egypt ; and the Saracens
brought it from Atrica to Spain, and re-
ftored this fcience to Europe. Chamhrs.

To this muK be add :il the undciftanding i.f the
globei, and the principles .>f geometi y and ajironcmy.

Cvtcl y.

A'sTROscopY. «. /. [a.-\(, a ftar, and
cyttriu-, to view.] Obfervation of the
ftars. Dia.

Astro-theology, n.f. [from ajirum, a
ftar, and thealogia, divinity.] Divinity

founded

A T

fotnded on the obfervation of the celef-
tial bodies.

That the diurnal and annual revolutions are the
motions of the terraqueous globe, not of the fun, 1
flicw in the preface of my j^fin-Theahgy.

D^rbdfni Pbyji^o-Tbefthgy .

Asu'NDER.Wf. [apinbpan. Sax.] Apart;
feparately ; not togetljer.

Two indirefi lines, the further that they are
drawn out, the further they go a/under.

Sptnjer m Ireland,

Senfe thinks the planets fpheres not much .•j/at<iTj

What tells us th. n their diftance is fo far ? Di-uUt.

Greedy hope to find
His wifli, and beft advantage, us ajunder.

Paradife Lofi.
The fall'n archangel, envious of our ftjte.
Seeks his advantage to betray us worfe ;
Which, when a under, will not prove too hard.
For both t "gether are each other's guard. Dryden.

Borne far jjunder by the tides of men.
Like adamant and fteel they meeta'ain.

Drydtns Fables.
All this metallick matter, both that which con-
tinued njunder, and in fingle corpufcles, and t'lat
which was amafll-J and concreted into nodules,
fubfided. H^oodward' t Natural Hiftory.

AsY LUM. n.f. [Lat. airvXit, from a., not,
and c:v>.iu, to pillage.] A place out of
which he that has fled to it may not be
taken ; a fanftuary ; a refuge ; a place
of retreat and fecurity.
_ So facred was the church to foroe, that it had the
right ofina/ylam, orfanfluary. jiyhffe'iParergon.

Asy'mmetry. »./,[from a, without,
and avfi^'vT^M, fymraetry.]

1 . Contrariety to fymmetry ; difpropor-
tion.

The afymmeirles of the brain, is well as the de-
formities of the ie^s or face, may be reaificd in
«■""=•. _ Grevi.

2. This term is fometiraes nfcd in mathe-
maticks, for what is more ufually called
incommenfurability ; when between two
quantities there is no common meafure.

A'svmptote. n. /. [from a, priv. a^,,
with, and ■efUu,, to fall ; which never
meet ; incoincident.] Afymptotes are
right lines, which approach nearer and
nearer to fome curve ; but which, though
they and their curve were infinitely con-
tinued, would never meet ; and may be
conceived as tangents to their curves at
an infinite diftance. Chambers.

Afymptoie lines, though they may approach ftill
rearer together, till they are nearer than the lead
ajfignable d,(Hnce, yet, being ftiU produced infi-
nitely, will never meet. Gre'ji.
AsYMPTo'riCAL. adj. [From aj^mftou.]
Curves are faid to be afymptoiical, when
they continually approach, without a
poffibility of meeting.
JSr'NDETON. „. f. [i^i.S,r„, of a,
priv. and o-trA'w, to bind together.] A
figure in grammar, when a conjunftion
copulative is omitted in a fentence ; as,
in veni, 'vidi, •vici, CS" is left out.
At. prep, [are, Saxon.]
1. Jt, before a place, notes the nearnefs
of the place ; as, a man is at the houfe
before he is in it.

This cullom continued among many, to fay
Jhe.r prayers at fountains. SiMrgfJ.

At, before a word fignifying time, notes
B^ '"* cocxiftence of the time with the
^K event ; the word titne is fometimes in-
B Vol.

A T

eluded in the adjeftive ; we commonly
fay, at a minute, at an hour, on a day,
in a month.

We thought it at the very firft a llgn of cold
afteifllon. Hooker.

How frequent to defert him, and at laft
To heap ingratitude on worthieft deeds. Milton.
At the fame time that the ftorm beats upon the
whole fpecies, we are falling foul upon one another.

Addf^t,.
We made no efforts at all, where we could have
moft weakened the common enemy, and, at the
fame time, enriched ourfehes. Swift.

At, before a caufal word fignifies nearly
the fame as ivith, noting that the event
accompanies, or immediately fucceeds,
the adion of the caufe.

A^ his touch.
Such fanftity hath Heav'n giv'n his hand,
They prefently amend. Sbaktjfrare' s Macbeth.

O fir, when he (hall hear of your approach,
If tlut young Arthur be not goie already,
Bv'n ai this news he dies. Shakrfp. King John.

Much at tlic fight was Adam in his heart
Difmay'd. Mdt.ns Paradife Loft.

High o'er their heads a mould'iing rock is pljc'd.
That promlfes a fail, and ihakes at ev'ry biart.

Dryd'v.

4. At before a fuperlative adjedlive implies
inihejlate; as, at biji, in the ftate of
moft perfeftion, l^c.

Confider any man as to his perrmal powers, Uiey
are not great; for, at greateft, they muil ftill be
limited. _ Sautb.

We bring into the world with us a poor needy
uncertain life, fliort at the longed, and unquiet iif
the beft. TVm/./,.

5. At, before a perfon, isfeldom ufed other-
wife than ludicroufly ; as, he longed to
be at him, that is, to attack him.

6. At before a fubftantive fometimes figni-
fies the particular condition or circum-
ftances of the perfon ; as, at peace, in a
ftate of peace.

Under pardon,
You are much more at talk for want of wifdom.
Than prais'd for harnilefs mildnefs. Shakcfp.

It biingeth the treafure of a realm into a few
hands: for the ufurer being at certainties, and
others at uncertainties, at the end of the game moft
of the money will be in the box. Bacon.

Hence walk'd the fiend at large in fpacious field.

Miltt,n.
The reft, for whom no lot is yet decreed,
May run in paftures, and at plcafure feci.

Drydin's Virgil.
Dcferted, at his utmoft ne.d.
By thofe his former bounty fed. Vryd, Sl.Cacllia.

What hinder'd cither, in their native foil,

A'. cAt to reap the harvert of their toil. Dryd. Fab.

Wile men are fometimes over-borne, when they

are taken at a difadvantage. Collier of Confidence.

Thefe have been the maxims they have been

guided by : take thefe from tiiem, and they arc

perfeOly at a lofs, their compafs and pole-ftar then

are gone, and their utiderftanding is perfeflly at a

nonplus. i^,ci,e.

One man manages fourhnrfcs at once, and leaps

from the back of another at full (peed.

Pc'jie't Effay on Ihmeri Batilet.

They will rot let mc be at quiet in my bed, but

purfue me to my very dreams. Swift.

'. At before a fulfllantive fometimes marks
employment or attention.

We find fome arrived to that fottilhnefs, as to
own roundly what they would bear. South.

How d'ye (in.l yourfelf ? fayslhe doflor to his
pot ent. A little while after he is at it again,
with a. Pray how d'ye find your boiy > L'EJIranie.

But (he who well en.,ugh knew what.
Before he fpoke, he would be at.
Pretended not t.^ apprehend. Uudihras.

The creature's at his ditty work again. Pipe.

ATE

8. .<^/ is fometimes the fame viYth/urmJljeJ^
ivith, after the French a.

Iifufe his bread with magnanimity,
And make him naked foil a man at arms. Shakeff.

9. At fometimes notes the place where any
thing is, or afts.

Yourhulband isaf hand, I hear his trumpet.

Shaiejfcare*
He that in tracing the velTels began at the heart,
though he thought not at all of a circulation, yet
made he the firft true ftep towards the difcovery.

Crew*

To all you ladies now at land

We men at fea indite. Bucihurfl*

Their various news I heard, of love and ftrife,

01 ftorms at fea, and travels on the (liore. Pope.

10. At fometimes fignifies in immediate
confequeiice of.

Inpeachments at the profecution of the houfe of
commons, have received their determinations in
the houfe of lords. Hale.

11. At marks fometimes the effeiS pro-
ceeding from an aft.

Reft in this tomb, rais'd at thy huiband's cof?.

Dryden.

Tom has been at the charge of a penny upoa
this occafion. Addifon,

Thole may be of ufe, to confirm by authority
what they will not be at the trouble to deduce by
reafoning. Arbutbmt.

12. At fometimes is nearly the fame as in,
noting fituation ; as, he was at the bot-
tom, or top of the hill.

She hath been known to come at the head of
thefe rafcals, and beat her lover. Sivifc.

I J. At fometimes marks the occafion, like
on.

Others, with more helpful care,
Cry'd out aloud. Beware, brave youth, beware t
At this he turn'd, and, as the bull drew near,
Shunn'd, and rcceiv'd him on his pointed fpear.

Dryden,

14. At fometimes feems to fignify ia the
poiuer of, or obedient to.

But thou of all the kings, Jove's care below.
Art lead at my command, and moft my foe. Dryd,

15. At fometimes notes the relation of a
man to an aftion.

He who makes pleafure the vehicle of health, is
a doftor at it in good earned. Collier of Friendjhip.

16. At fometimes imports the manner of
an aclion.

One warms you by degrees, the other fets you oi»
fire all at once, and never intermits his he.it.

Drydcn^s Fables,

Not with Icfs ruin than the Bajan mole
At once comes tumbling down. Dryden s^ncidm

17. At, like the French chez, means fome-
times application to, or dependence on.

The worft authors might endeavour to pleale us,
and in that endeavour defcrve fomcthing at out
hands. Pope,

18. At all. In any manner; in any de-
gree.

Nothing more true than what you once let fall,
Muft women have no characters at all. Pope.

A'tabai,. «./ A kind of tabour ufed by
the Moors.

Children ftiall beat our atabals and drnms,
And all the noify trades of war no more
Shall wake the peaceful morn. Dryd. DonSehaJI.

ATARA'XIA. In./. [iT«fa|ia.] Exemp-
A'taraxv. j tion from vexation;
tranquillity.

The fcepticks ai^edlcd an indifferent cqutpon;.
dcrous neutrality, as the only means to their ata-
ra.ria, and freedom frjm pa(rion«te diftarbanccs.

Glantfjile^t Seepfis,

Ate. The preterite of m/. Sec 7« Eat.

A And

A T H

And hj h'la fiiie hit ftced the gnfly forage an,

Sftnfer.

Even onr firft parents ait thcmfelves out of Pa-
radifc; and Job's children junkettcd and feafled
together often. S^uih.

JTUJ'KOR. n.J. [a chymical term, bor-
rowed from aia»»T®- ; or, as others
think, nun.] A digelling furnace to
keep heat for fome time ; fo that it may
be augmented or diminiflied at pleafurc,
by opening or fliutting fome apertures
made on purpofc with Aiders over them,
called regillers. * ^incy.

A'theism. »./ \ixatA atheift. It is only
of two fyllables in poetry.] The di(be-
lief of a God.

GoJ never wrought miracles to convince athtifm,

becaufe his ordinary works convince it. Bacon.

It is the common intercft of mankind, to punifh

all thofe who would fcduce men to athiifm, Tilhtfon,

A'THEIST. «. /. [SS.©-, without God.]
One that denies the exiftence of God.

To tliefe that fober race of men, whole lives
Religious titled them the fons of God,
Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame.
Ignobly I to the trains, and to the fmiles,
Of thefe fair atbeifts. MiltonU ParaJ'tfe Left.

Though he were really a fpeculative albtifl, yet
if he would but proceed rationally, he could not
however be a praflical atheift, nor live without
Cod in tbi« world. Siuth.

: Atheift, ufe thine eyes.

And having view'd the order of the ikies.
Think, if thou canft, that matter, blindly huri'd
Without a guide, fhould frame this wond'rous world.

Creech.
No atheift, as fuch, can be a true friend, an af-
fectionate relation, or a loy«l fubjeft. Birtley,

A'theist. aJj. Atheiftical ; denying
God..

Nor (lood unmindful Abdiel to annoy
The aihiift crew. Mihcn't ParaJifs Luft.

ATHEi'sTicAL.aiir'. [(lom athcijl.'] Given
to atheifm ; impious.

Men are atheiftical, becaufe they are fitft vicious ;
and queftion the truth of chriftianity, becaufe they
hate the pra^ice. South.

At H E I'sT I c A L L Y.adv. [from aiheijlical.]
In an atheiftical manner.

Is it not enormous, that a divine, hearing a great
. finner talk aiheiftically, and fcoft" profanely at reli-
gion, (hould, inftead of vindicating the trut!i, ta-
citly approve the fcoffcr? South.

I entreat fuch as arc atheifticalhf inclined, to con-
fidcr tlicfe things. Tilhtfon.

Athei'sticalness. v./. [hom atheijli-
eal.] The quality of being atheiftical.

Lord, purge out of all hearts profane.nefs and
etbeiftiealmji. Hammonds Fundamentals.

Athei'stick. fl<^'. [from«/-J^^.] Given
to atheifm.

This argument dcmonftrated the exigence of a
Deity, and convinced all albeiftick gainfayers.

Ray on the Creation.

A'thel, Athelinc, Adel, and J&-
THEL, from adel, noble. Germ. So
jEthclredls noble for ccunfel; jEthelard,
a noble genius ; jEthclbert, eminently no-
hlt; .^theltuard, amble prote^or.

Gibfon's Camden.

A'theous. adj. [SSi®-.] Atheiftick j god-
lefs.

Thy Father, who is holy, wife, and pure.
Suffers the hypocrite, or atbeous prieft.
To tread his facred courts. taradije Regained.

ATHERQ-MA. n.f. [i%«fc«, from <;$,p«,
pap or pulfc] A fpecies of wen, which

A T L

neither caufes pain, difcoloars the fein,
nor yields eafily to the touch.

If tlie matter forming them rcfemblei milk
curds, the tumour is called athenma ; if it be like
honey, melicetis ; and if compofed of fat, or a
fu 'ty fubitaace, fteatoma. Sharf>.

Athero'matous. adj. [from atiercma.]
Having the qualities of an atheroma,
or curdy wen.

Feeling the matter flufluating, 1 thought it
atkcrotnatiui. Ji^tjcmani Surgery.

Athi'rst. adv. [from a and thirft.'\
Thirfty ; in want of drink.

With fcanty meafure then fupply their food ;
And, when athirft, rellrain 'em from the flood.

Dryden.

Athle'tick. adj. [from athleta, Lat.
aSxjirW, a wreftler.]

1. Belonging to wreftling.

2. Strong of body ; vigorous ; lufty ; ro-
buft.

Seldom (hall one fee in rich families that
athlciick foundnefs and vigour of conftitution,
which is feen in cottages, where natut« is cook,
and neceffity caterer. South.

Science diftinguilhes a man of honour from one
of thofe athUtick brutes, whom undefervedly we
call heroes. Dryden,

Athwa'rt. prep, [from a and th^ari.'\

1 . Acrofs ; tranfverfe to any thing.

Themiftocles made Xerxes poft out of Grecia,
by giving out a purpofe to break his bridge athiuart
the HeHefpont. Bacon's Ejjjiys.

Execrable fliape !
That dar'ft, though grim and terrible, advance
Thy mifcrealed front athviart my way.

Paradife Loft.

2. Through ; this is not proper.

Now, atb'wart the terrors that thy vow
Has planted round thee, thou appear'ft more fair.

jiddifon.
Athwa'rt. ad-v. a tort.

1 . In a manner vexatious and perple-ting ;
crofsly.

All athwart there came
A poft from Wales, loaden with heavy news.

ShaktJ^eare.

2. Wrong : a ira'vers. ,

The baby beats the nurfe, and quite athvjart
Goes all decorum. Shakefp. Meafure Jor Meafure.
Ati'lt. adv. [from a and ////.]

1. In the manner of a tilter ; with the
aftion of a man making a thruft at an
antagonift.

In the city Tours
Thou ran'ft atilt, in honour of my love,
And ftol'ft away the ladies hearts from France.

Sbaiejfeare.
To run atilt at men, and wield
Their naked tools in open field. -Hudibras.

2. In the poftureof a barrel raifed or tilt-
"ed behind, to make it run out.

Such a man is always atilt; his favours come
hardly from him. Spellator.

A'tlAS. n.f.

1. A colledlion of maps, fo called proba-
bly from a pifture of Jilas fupporting
the heavens, prefixed to fome collec-
tion.

2. A large fquare folio ; fo called from
thefe folios, which, containing maps,
were made large and fquare.

3. Sometimes the fupporters of a build-
ing. ^

4. A rich kind of filk or fluff made for
women's clothes.

I have the conveniency of buying Dutch atlaffis
with gold and filver, or witljout. Spidator.

A T O

A'tmosphere. n.f. [ir/**', vapour, and
ff^ai'^a, a fphere.]

The exteriour part of this our habitable world
is the air, or atmoffbere ; a light, thin, fluid, or
fpringy body, that eocompalTes the folid earth on
all ftdes. Lccke,

Immenfe the whole excited atmoffbere
Impetuous ruflieso'er the founding world, thomfon.

Atmosphe'rical. adj. [from atmo-
fphere.l Confifting of the atmofphere ;
belonging to the atmofphere.

We did not mention the weight of the incum-
bent atmoffherical cylinder, as a part of the weight
refilled. Boyle,

A'TOM. ti./. [atomus, Lat, a,rofA.&-.'\

1. Such a fmall particle as cannot be
phyfically divided : and tiiefe are the
firft rudiments, or the component parts,
of all bodies. ^incy.

Innumerable minute bodies are called atoms, be-

~"<aufe, by reafon of their pcrfc^ folidity, they were

really indivifible. Ray,

See plaflick nature working to this end,
The fingle atoms each to other tend.
Attract, attraftcd to, the next in place
Forra'd and impeird its neighbour to embrace.

Pope,

2. Any thing extremely fmall.

It is as cafy to count af^ms, as to refolve the
propofitions of a lover. Sbakcff. As you like it.

Ato'micai,. adj. [from atom. 1

1 . Confifting of atoms.

Vitrified and pellucid bodies are clearer in their

continuities, than in powders and atcmical divifions.

BrowtCt Vulgar Erruurie

2. Relating to atoms.

Vacuum is another principal do£lrine of the <ir«-
mical philofophy. Bentley's Sermons,

A'tomist. n.f. [from /jffcn!.] One that
holds the atomical philofophy, or doftrine
of atoms.

The atomifts, who define motion to be a paf.
fage from one place to another, what do they m^rc
than put one fynonymoas word for another?

Locke,
Now can judicious atomifts conceive.
Chance to the fun could his juft impulfe give ?

Blackmcre*

A'tomy. n./. An obfolete word for atom.

Drawn with a team of little atomiis
Athwart men's nofes, as they be aflecp. Sbakefp.

To ATO'NE. <v. n. [from at one, as the
etymologifts remark, to be at one, is
the fame as to be in concord. This de-
rivation is much confirmed by the fol-
lowing paflage of Shakefpeare, and ap-
pears to be the fenfe ftill retained in
Scotland.]

1. To agree ; to accord.

He and Aufidius can no more atone.
Than violenteft contrariety. Sbakefp. Ccriolanus.

2. To ftand as an equivalent.^r fome-
thing ; and particularly ufed of expi-
atory facrifices, with the particle jor
before the thing for which fomethmg
elfe is given.

From a mean ftock the pious Decii came ;
Yet fuch their virtues, that their lofs alone
F^r Rome and all our legions did atone.

Dryden's yuvcnat.
The good intention of a man of weight and
worth, or a real friend, feldom atones for the un-
cafinefs produced by his grave reprefentations.

Locke,
Let thy fublime meridian courfe
For Mary's fetting rays atone ;

Our luftre, with redoubled force,
Muft now proceed from tbce alone. Prior,

Hi*

A T R

ATT

ATT

His virgin fword ^gyfthus' veins imbrued ;
The murd'rer feU, and blood aton'dfor blood.

Pope.

To Ato'ne. 'V. a.

1. To reduce to concord.

If any contention arofe, he knew none fitter to
be their judge, to atont and take up their quarrels,
but himlelf. Drumm.

2. To expiate ; to anfwcr for.

Soon ihouli yon boafters ceafe their haughty
ftrifc,
Or each atone his guilty love with life. Pipe.

Ato'nement. n.f. [horn atone.^

1. Agreement; concord.

He fecks to make at^^nimcnt
Between the duke of Glo'fter and your brother?.

Sbakejpeare,

2. Expiation ; expiatory equivalent : with

Jhr.

And the Levjtes were purified, and Aaron made
an aUjnemem fir them to cleanfe them. Numbers.

Surely it is not a fufficient atonement for the wri-
ters, that they profefs loyalty to the government,
and fprink'e fomc arguments in favour of the dtf-
fenters, and, under the fliclter of popular politicks
and religion, undermine the foundations of all pi-
ety and virtue, Sii:ift.

Ato'p. ad-Tj. [from a and tof.'\ On die
top ; at the top.

Ai<^ whereof, but far more rich, appear'd
The work as of a kingly palace-gate.

ParaiifeLojl.
What is extracted by water from coffee is the
oil, which often fwims atof of the deco^ion.

Arhutbnot ftn Aliment s.

Atrabila'ri AN. adj. [from atra bilis,
black choler.] Melancholy; replete with
black choler.

The atraiilanan conditution, or a black, vif-
cous, pitchy confidence of the fluids, makes all
fecretions difficult and fparing.

Artuthnut on Diet.

Atrabila'rious. adj. [irom atra bilis,
black choler.] Melanctiolick.

The blood, deprived of its due proportion of
ferum, or finer and more volatile paru, is atrabi-
larkui ; whereby it is rendered grofs, black, unc-
tuous, and earthy. Sluincy.

From this black adult Aate of the blood, they
are atrabilarkus. Arhutbnot on Air,

Atrabila'riousness, n.f. [from a/ra-
bilarious .'\ The ftate of being melan-
choly ; repletion with melancholy.

Atrame'ntal. adj. [from atrame»tum,
ink. Lat.] Inky; black.

If we enquire in what part of vitriol this afra-

tner.ta! and denigrating condition lodgetli, it will

feera efpecialiy to lie in the more fixed fait thereof.

Brovjnt Vulgar Errours.

Atr ame'ntou*. adj. [from atramentum,
ink, Lat.] Inky ; black.

I am noc fatiified, that thofs black and atra-
mrni'.ui fpou, which feem to rcprefenC them, arc
ocular. Brav/n.

ATRCCIOUS. a/^'. [a/rcr,Lat.] Wicked
in a high degree ; enormous ; horribly
criminal.

An advocate is Deceifary, and therefore audi-
ence ought not to be denied him in defending
caufes, unlefs it be an atrocioui offence.

Ayliffe^s Parergcn.

Atro'ciously.Wt/. [from atrocious.] In
an atrocious manner ; with great wick-
ednefs.

Atro'ciousness. n.f. [from atrocious.]
The quality of being cnormoufly crimi-
nal.

Atro'city. n. /. [<j/rff<-//<7/, Lat.] Hor-
rible wickednefs ; excefs of wickednefs.

I never rccal it to mind, wNiout a deep afto-
nifhment of the very horrour and atrocity of the
fa^ in a Chrlftlan court. ffotton.

They defired juftice might be done upon of-
fenders, as the atrocity of their crimes deferved.

CLrenJcn.

A'trophy. n.f.[irer><pix.] Wantofnou-
rilhment ; a difeafe in which what is
taken at the mouth cannot contribute to
the fupport of the body.

Pining atrophy,
Marafmus, and wide-wafting peftilence. Milton.
The mouths of the ladteais may be fliut up by
a vifcid mucus, in which cafe the chyle patfeth
by ftool, and the perfon fallcth into an atrophy.

Arbuthnot on Aliments.

To ATTA'CH. -v. a. [attacher, Fr.]

1 . To arrell ; to take or apprehend by
commandment or writ. Coxvel/.

Eftfoons the guards, which on his rtate did wait,
Attach'd that traitor falfe, and bound him ilrait.

Spcnfer.

The Tower was chofcn, that if Clifford ihould

accufc great ones, they might, without ft>fpicion or

Doife, be prefently attacbcd. Bacon's Henry VII,

Bohemia greets you,
Defires you to attach his fon, who has
Hi? dignity and duty both call off. Siakefpeare.

2. Sometimes with the particle of, but not
in prefent ufe.

You, lord archbiihop, and you, lord Mowbray,
0/" capital treafon I attach you both. Shakej'peare.

3. To feize in a judicial manner.

France hath flaw'd the league, and hath at-
tach'd
Our merchants goods at Bourdeaux, Shakefp.

4. To lay hold on, as by power.

I cannot blame thee.
Who am myie\i attach' d with wearinefs.
To th* dulling of my Ipirits. Sbakcjpeare.

5. To win ; to gain over ; to enamour.

Songs, garlands, fl^wVs,
And charming fymphonies, attach'd the heart
Of Adam. Milton's Paradife Lofi.

6. To fix to one's interelL

The great and rich depend on thofe whom
their power or their wealth attaches to them.

Rogers.

Atta'chment. ti./, [attacbetneitt, Fr.]

1 . Adherence ; fidelity.

The Jews are remarkable (or an attachment to
their own country. Addifon.

2. Attention ; regard.

The Romans burnt this laft Heet, which is ano-
ther mark of their fmall attacbnunt to the fea.

Arbuthnot on Coins.

3. An apprehenfion of a man to bring
him to anfwer an aftion ; and fome-
times it extends to his moveables,

4. Foreign attachment, is the attachment of
a foreigner's goods found within a city,
to fatisfy creditors within a city.

To ATTA'CK. -v. a. [attaquer. Fr.]

1 , To affault an enemy : oppofed to de-
feme.

The front, the rear
Attack, while Y vo thunders in the centre. Philip!.
Thofe that attack generally get the viflary,
though with difadvantage of ground.

Cane's Campaigns.

2. To impugn in any manner, as with
fatire, confutation, calumny ; as, the
dcclaimer attacked the reputation of his
aJverfaries.

Atta'ck. n.f. [from the verb.] AnalTault
upon an enemy.

Hc£tor oppofes, and continues the attack; in
which Sirpcdoa mitkes tlie firll breach in the wall.

Pope's Iliad.

If, appris'd of the fevere attack.
The country be (hut up. Thumfon.

I own 'twas wrong, when thouCands call'd me

back.
To make that hopelefs, \\\-iinii attack. Young,

Atta'cker. n.f. [from attack.] The
perfon that attacks.

To ATTA'IN. 'u, a. [atteindre, Fr. attineo,
Lat.]

1. To gain ; to procure ; to obtain.

Is he wife who hopes to attain the end widiout
the means, nay by means that are quite contrary
to it ? nihtfin.

All the nobility here could not attain the fame
favour as Wood did. Sivift.

2. To overtake ; to come up with : a
fenfe now little in ufe.

The earl hoping to have overtaken the Scottldi
king, and to have given him battle, but not at-
taitnng him in time, fst down before the caftle of
A ton. Bacon,

3. To come to ; to enter upon.

Canaan he now attains', I fee his tents
Pitch'd above Sichcm. Milton's Paradife Lofi.

4. To reach ; to equal.

So the firft precedent, if it be good, is feldom
attained by imitation. Bacon.

To Atta'in. 'V. n,

1 . To come to a certain ftate : with to.

Milk Will foon feparate itfelf into a cream,
and a more ferous liquor, which, after twelve
days, attains to the highell degree of acidity.

Arbuthnot on Aliments,

2. To arrive at.

Such knowledge is too wonderful for me ; it ii
high ; I cannot attain unto it. Ffalm cxxxix. 6.

To have knowledge in molt objects of contem-
plation, is what the mind of one man can hardly
attain unto. Locke,

Atta'in. n, /. [from the verb.] The
thing attained ; attainment : a word not
in ufe.

Crowns and diadems, the mod: fplendld ter-
rene attains, are akin to that which to-day it
in the field, and to-morrow is cut down.

Glanville's Scepjis,
Atta'in ABLB". adj. [horn attain.] That
which may be attained ; procurable.

He wilfully neglefts the obtaining unfpeakablc
good, which he Is perfuaded is certain and altain-
able. Tillotfon,

None was propofed that appeared certainly at-
tainable, or of value enough. Rogers,

Atta'in ableness. n.f. [{\om attain-
able.] The quality of being attainable.

Perfons become often enamoured of outward
beauty, without any particular knowledge of its
pofVeflbr, or its attainabknefs by them. Cheyne,

Atta'inder. n.f. [from To attain.'^
I. The aft of attainting in law; convic-
tion of a crime. See To Attaint.

The ends in calling a parliament were chiefly
to have the attainders of all of his party revcrfcd ;
and, on the other fide, to attaint by parliament hi>
enemies. Bacon,

■4. Taint; fully of character.

So fmooth lie daub'd his vicewith (hew of virtue.
He liv'd from all attainder of fufpedl. Shakefp,
Atta'inment. n.f, [from attain.]

1. That which is attained ; acquifition.

We difpute with men that count it' a grcara/-
tair.mcnt to be able to talk much, and little to the
pur[x>fe. Glanville^

Our attainments are mean, compared with the
perfcftlon of the univerfe. Grew,

2. The aft or power of attaining.

The Scripture mud be fufficient to imprint io

us the charafler of all things ncceflary for the

a/wiRffiMr of eternal lifie. • Hooka.

R a Education

ATT

ZdacatSoB in rxtent more large, of time lhorter>
ind uf attmrmmt more certain. Mihtn.

Governmciit is an art above the attammtni ot
an ordinary genius. South*

If the fame actions be the inllruments both ot
acquiring fame and procuring this happinefs, they
would nevertheleft fail in the attammfnt of this
Itft end, if they proceeded from a defire of the
firft. MJifcn,

The great care of God for our falvation muft
appear in the concern he cxprefled for our attain-
ment of it. Rogeri,

To Atta'int. v. a. [attinter, Fr.]

1. To difgrace ; to cloud with ignominy.

His warlike Oiield
Was all of diamonJ perfect pure and clean,
For fa (Exceeding ihone his glidertng ray.
That I'hcrbus goUen face it did attaint.
At when a cloud his beams doth overlay.

Fairy Siuitti.

2. To attaint is particularly ufed for fuch
as are found^uilty of fome crime or
offence, and efpecially of felony or trea-
fon. A man is attainted two ways, by
appearance, or by procefs. Attainder
by appearance is by confellion, battle,
or verdifl. Confellion is double ; one
at the bar before the judges, when the
prifoner, upon his indiiAment read, be-
ing aflced guilty or not guilty, anfwers
Guilty, never putting himfelf upon the
verdift of the jury. The other is be-
fore the coroner or fanftuary, where he,
Dpon his confeflion, was in former times
conllrained to abjure the realm ; which
kind is called attainder by abjuration.
Attainder by battle is, when the party
appealed, and choofing to try the truth
by combat rather than by jury, is van-
quiftied. Attainder by verdift is, when
the prifoner at the bar, anfwering to
the indidment Nut guilty, hath an in-
queft of life and death palling upon him,
and is by the verdiil pronounced guil-
ty. Attainder -by procefs is, where a
party flies, and is not found till five
times called publickly in the county,
and at kit outlawed upon his default.

Coivell.

Were it not an endlefs trouble, that no traitor
or felon Ihould be attainted, but a parliament mull
be called ? Sfer.fr.

I muft offend before I be attaintij. Sbaktjfcare.

3. To taint ; to corrupt.

My tender youth was never yet attaint
With any palfion of inflaming love. Sbairfprare.

Atta'int. n./. [from the verb.]
I. Any thing injurious ; as illnefs, wcari-
nefs. This fente is now obfoiete.

Nor doth he dedicate one jot of colour
Vnto the weary and all-watched night j
But freflily looks, and overbears attaint
With cheerful feniblance. Sbakcfp, SenryV.

a. Stain ; fpot ; taint.

No man hath a virtue that he has not a glimpfc
of; nor any man an attaint, but he carries I'ome
ftain of it. Sbak/fpeare.

3, [Inhorfemanfhip.] A blow or wound on
the hinder feet of an horfe. Far. DiSt.

.Atta'inturi. a./, \ixom attaint. '\ Le-
gal cenfure ; reproach ; imputation.

Hume's knavery will be the duciicfs's wreck,
And hcrafraJB/Brr will be Humphry's fall. Sb^k.

To Atta'minate. o/.a. [attamiae, Ldit.]
.^To corrupt; o fpojl.

ATT

J** Atte'mper. v. a. [attmpero, Lat.]

1 . To mingle ; to weaken by the mixture
of fomething elfe ; to dilute.

Nobility altemfert fovereignty, and draws the
eyes of the people fomewhat alide from tlie line
royal. Bacca.

Altemfer'd funs arifc,
Sweet-bcam'd, and ftiedding oft thro' lucid clouds
A pleafing caltri'. Tbmfen.

2. To foften ; to mollify.

His early providence could likewife have attm-
^(«^ his nature therein. Baccn.

Thofe fmiling eyes, attemf'rirfr ev'ry ray,
Shone fweetly lambent with ccleftial day. Pcfe.

3. To mix in juft proportions ; to regu-
late.

She to her guefts doth bounteous banquet dlght,
Aitcmptrd, goodly, well for health and for delight.

Spenfer.

4. To fit to fomething elfe.

Phemius ! let arts of gods and heroes old,
Aitmper'd to the lyre, your voice employ. Pe^f.
To Attb'mpeRate. tj. a. [attempero,
Lat.] To proportion to fomething.

Hope muft be proportioned and atlemperate to
the promife ; if it exceed that temper and propor-
tion, it becomes a tumour and tympany of hope.
Hamir.ond'i Prali. Catecii/m.
ToAtte'mpt. 'V. a. [attenter, Fv.]

1 . To attack ; to invade ; to venture upon.

He flitt'ring his difpleafure,
Tript me behind, got praifes of the king
For him attempting, who was felf-fubdu'd." Shak.

Who, in all things wife and juft,
Hinder'd not Satan to attempt the mind
Of man, with ftrength entire and free-will arm'd.

Milton,

2. To try ; to endeavour.

I have neverthelefs attempted to fend unto you,
for the renewing of brotherhood and friendfliip.

I Mac. xii. 17.

To Atte'mpt. 'V. n. To make an attack.

I have been fo hardy to attempt uptn a name,
which among fome is yet very facred. Clan. Step.

Horace his monfter with woman's head above,
and filhy extreme below, anfwers the (hapc of the
ancient Syrens that attempted upon Ulylles.

\ Breiwn't Vulgar Ernun.

Atte'mpt. n.f. [from the verb,]

1. An attack.

If we be always prepared to receive an enemy,
we Ihall long live in peace and quietnci's, without
any attempts uj^on us. Bacon.

2. An eflay ; an endeavour.

Alack ! I am afraid they have awak'd.

And 'tis not done ; th' attempt, and not the deed,

Confounds us. Shakejpeare's Macbetb.

He would have cry'd; but hoping that he

dreamt,

Amazement tied his tongue, and ftoppjrfth' attempt,

Dryden,

I fubjoin the following fl/rcm^f towards a natural

hlftory of foilils. Id'ocdward m Tojjih.

Atte'mptadle. adj. [from attempt,"]

Liable to attempts or attacks.

The gentleman \ouching his to be more fair,
virtuous, wife, and lefs attemptaHe, than the rareft
of our ladies. Shakefpeare.

Atte'mpter. n.f. [from attempt.']

1 . The perfon that attempts ; an invader.

The Sun of God, with godlike farte endu'd
Agalnft th'affwj^ftr of thy Father's throne. Mill.

2. An endeavourer.
You are no failors for glory or treafore, but

diCnterefted attemptert for the univerfal good.

Glanville's Seep/is.
To ATTE'ND. -v. a. [attenJre, Fr. atte^o,

Lat.]
I. To regard ; to fix the mind upon.

The diligent pilot, in a dangerous tcmpcft, doth
not attend the uulkilful words of a pulTuiger.

Sidney.

ATT

The crow doth fmg as fweetly as the ftorlct

When neither is attended, Stattfpeart,

2. To wait on ; to accompany as an infe-
riour, or a fcrvant.

His companion, youthful Valentine,
Attend: the emperoor in his royal court. Sbakejp,

3. To accompany as an enemy.

He was at prefent ftrong enough to have Aopped
or attended Waller in bit weftetn expedition.

Clarendon*

4. To be prefent with, upon a fummons.

5. To accompany ; to be appendant to.

England ii fo idly king'd,
Her fceptre fo fantafticaily borne.
That fear attends her not. Shakefpeare,

My pray'rs and wilhes always (hall attend
The friends of Rome. Addifin's Cats,

~ A vehement, burning, fixed, pungent pain in the
ftomach, attended with a ffver. Arbutb. on P:et,

6. To expeft. This fenfe is French.

So dreadful a tempeft, as all the people attended
therejn the very end of the world, and judgm--nt
day. Raleigh's Uijisry,,

7. To wait on, as on a charge.

The fifth had charge lick perlons to attend,
And comfort thofe in point of death which lay.

Spenfer,

8. To be confequent to.

The Duke made that unfortunate defcent upon
Rhee, which was afterwards attended with many
unprofperous attempts. Clarendon,

9. 'To remain to ; to await ; to be in florc
for.

To him, who hath a profpe£l of the ftate that
attends all men after this, the meafures of good
and evil are changed. Locke,

10. To wait for infidioufly.

Thy interpreter, full of defpight, bloody as the
hunter, titlends tliee at the orchard end.

Sbakefp. Tiuelfih Night.

11. To be bent upon any object.

Their hunger thus appeas'd, their care attends
The doubtful fortune of their abfent friends.

Dryden,

12. To ftay for.

1 died whilft in the womb he (laid.
Attending nature's law. Sbatefp, Cymbertne,

I haften to our own ; nor will relare
Great Mitbridates' and rich Crafus' fate;
Whom Solon wifely counfell'd to attend
The name of happy, till he,know his end. Creech.

Three days 1 promis'd to attend my doom,
And two long days and nights arc yet to come.

Dryden,
To AtTe'nd. v. n,

1 . To yield attention.

Bur, thy relation now ! for I attend,
Pledo'd witli thy words. Milton.

Since man cannot at the fame time attend to two

objefts, if you employ your fpirit upon a bonk or

a bodily labour,jou have no room left for fenfual

- temptation. Taylor,

2. To ftay ; to delay.

Thi« fwlt true caufe, and laft good end,
She cannot here fo well and truly fee;

For this perfeilion (he muft yet attend.
Till to her Maker (he efpoufed be. Davies,.

Plant anemonies after the firft rains, if you
will have flowers very forward j but it is furer to
attend till 0«3ober. Evelyn.

3 . To wait ; to be within reach or call.

The chai-gc thereof unto a covetous fnrite
Commanded was, who thereby did attend
And warily awaited. Faiiy Siueent

4. To wait, as compelled by authority.

If any mjniftcr rcfufed to admit a ledturcr re-
commended by him, he was required to attend
upon the committee , and not difcbarged ti I the
houfes met again. Clarendon*

Atte'ndance. n.f, [attendance, ¥1,]
I . The ad of waiting on another ; or of
ferving.

Ldajtctt

ATT

ATT

ATT

I dance attencleiiee here,
I think the duke will not be Ipoke uithal. Zhak.

For he, of whom thefe things are fpoken, per-
tainetb to another tribe, of which no man gave
«r((n^<iffr; at the altar. /fri^. vii. 13.

The other, after many years attndance upon
the duke, was now one of the bedchamber to the
prince. ClarendonM

2. Service.

Why might not you, my lord, receive attendance
From thofe that flie calls fervants ?'

SbaUJptare i King Liar.

3 . The perfons waiting ; a train.

Attendance none Ihall need, nor train j where none
Are to behold the judgment, but the judg'd,
Thofe two. M'lUcm'i Paradije Lcji.

4. Attention ; regard.

Give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to
doftrine. i Tim, iv. 15.

5. Expeftation : a fenfe now out of ufe.

That which caul'eth bitteraefs in death, is the
languifliing allindanct and cxpeflatioc thereof ere
it come. Hc~ker.

Atte'kdant. aJj. [attendant, Fr.] Ac-
companying as fubordinate, or confe-
quential.

Other funs, perhaps.
With their attendant moons, thou wilt dcfcry.
Communicating male and female light. Far.LcJi,

Atte'ndant. n.f.

1. One that attends.

1 will be returned forthwith ; difmifs your at-
tendant there; look it be done. Shakeff. Othelln.

2. One that belongs to the train.

When feme gracious monarch dies.
Soft whifpers ktA and mournfut murmurs rife
Among the fad attendants* Dryden,

3. One that waits the pleafure of another,
as a fuitor or agent.

1 endeavour that my reader may not wait long
for my meaning : to give an attendant quick dif-
patch is a civility. Bumet'i Tttory.

4. One that is prefent at any thing.

He was a conftant attendant a: all meetings re-
lating to charity, without contr. bating. Hivift,

5. [In law.] One that oweth a duty or
fervice to another ; or, after a fort, de-
pendeth upon another. Ccivell.

6. That which is united with another, as
a concomitant or confequent.

Govern ^eil thy appetite, lell fm
Surprize thee, and her black attendant, death.

Miltm,

They fecure (hemfelves firft from doing no-
thing, and then from doing ill ; the one being
fo clofe an attendant on the other, tint it is fcarce
po/Tiblc to ic\er them. Decay of Piety,

He had an unlimited fenfe of fame, the attmd-
antof nohie fpirits, which prompted him to engage
in travels. Pofe.

It is hard to take into view all the atterJantt or
coafequents that will be concerned in a quedion.

Atte'nder. rt./. [from atte/ti/.] Com-
panion ; aflbciate.

The gypfics were there,
Like lords to appear.
With fuch their aiienderi
As you thought ofiendcrs. Ben yonfcn.

Atti'nt. ae/j. [atlentus, L?it.] Intent;
attentive ; heedful ; regardful.

Now mire eyes Ihall be open, and mine ears
tttint unto the prayer that it made in this place.
7. Chron. vii. 15.
What can then be lefs in me than defirc
To fee thee, and approach thee, whom 1 know
Declar'd the Son ol Cod, to hear atienl
thy wildom, and behold thy goulike deeds ' Milt.
Read jour chapter in your prayers : little inter-
uptions Will iT.ake your prayers lefs tedious, and
jouifel/ more atlinl upon them.

TayUr'i Guide a Devition.

Being denied communication by their ear, t'leir

eyes are more vigilant, atteni, and heedful, fielder.

To want of judging abilities, we may add their

want' (jf leifure to apply their minds to fuch a

ferious and ottent con^deration. Scuth.

A'ttentates. ». /. [etttenlata, Lat.]
Proceedings in a court of judicature,
pending fuit, and after an inhibition is
decreed and gone out ; thofe things
which are done after an extrajudicial
appeal, may likewife be iUled attetitates.

Ayliffe.

Atte'ntion. n.f. [attention, Fr.] The
aft of attending or heeding ; the aft of
bending the mind upon any thing.

Tliey fay the tont,-ucs of dying men
Inforce attenticn like deep harmony. Skahef^eare.

He perceived nothing but filence, and figns of
attentii^n to what he would further fay. Baci,n.

But him the gentle angel by the hand
Soon rais'd, and his aitintian thus recall'd. Miltcn.

By attenticn, the ideas that offer themfelves are
taken notice of, and, as it were, regiftered in the
memory. Locke.

Attention U a very necelTary thing ; truth doth
not always ilrike the foul at firfl fight. lVatt<.

Atte'ntive. etdj. [(torn attent.'] Heed-
ful ; regardful ; full of attention.

Being moved with thefe, and the like your ef-
fcftual difcourfes, whereunto we gave rooA attent-
ive car, till they entered even unto our fouls.

Hooker.

I'm never merry when I hear fweet mufick.
•—The reafon is, your fpirits are attentive.

Shaie/feare't Merchant of Venice.

1 faw moft of them attentive to three Sirens, dif-
tiguirtied by the names of Sloih, Ignorance, and
Pleafure. _ Tatler.

A critick is a man who, on all occafions, is
more attcnti-ve to what is wanting than what is
prefent. Mdifin.

Mufick's force can tame the furious bead j
Can make the wolf or foaming boar rcJlrain
His rage; the lion drop his ciciied main,
Attentive to the fong. Prior.

Atte'ntively. ae/'v. [from attenti've.]
Heedfully j carefully.

If a man look Iharply and attent'wely, he /hall
fee Fortune ;" for thoujih <bs be blind, flie is not
invifible. Baccn.

The caufe of cold is a quick fpirit in a cold
body 5 as will appear to any that fliall attentively
confider nature. Bacon.

Atte'ktiveness. n./. [from attenti've.]
The ftate of being attentive j heedful-
nefs ; attention.

At the relation of the queen's death, bravely
conftfTed and lamented by tiie king, how atten-
livtnefs wounded his daughter. Sbak. fyin. Tale.
Atte'nijant. adj. [atlenuans, Lat.]
What has the power of making thin,
or diluting.
To ATTE'NUATE. -v. a. [attenuo, Lat.]
To make thin, or flender : oppofed to
condenje, or incrajfate, or thicken.

The finer part belonging to the juice of grapes,
being attenuated and fubtilized, was changed into
an ardent fpirit. Boyle,

Vinegar curd, put upon an egg, not only dif-
folves the Ihell, but alfo attenuates the white con-
tained in It into a limpid water. fVijtman's Surg.
It is of the nature of acids to diflolve or at-
tenuate, and of alltalin to precipitate or incralTate.
Nttoton's Of ticks.
The ingredients are digelled and attenuated by
heat; they are ftirred and conftantly agitated by
wind'. Arbuihnot.

Atte'nuate. adj. [from the verb.]
Made thin, or flender.

Vivification ever confiftcth in fpirits attenuate,
which the cold doth congeal and Coagulate, Batcn,

Attenu'ation. n, f. [{torn attenuate,]
The aft of making any thing thjn or
flender ; lefliening.

Chiming with a hammer upon the outfide of a
bell, the found will be according to the inward
concave of the bell ; whereas the elifion or alte-
nuaticn of the air, can be only between the ham-
mer and the outfide of the bell. Baccn,

A'tter. n.f. [atep. Sax. venom.] Cor-
rupt matter. A word much ufed im
Lincolnfliire. Skinner.

To At te'st. -v. a. [at tefior, Lat.]

1. To bear witnefs of; to witnefs.

Many particular fads are recorded in holy writ,
atte/Ied by particular pagan autliors. Addifon,

2. To call to witnefs; to invoke as con-,
fcious.

The facrcd ftreams, which heav'n's imperial
ftate
Atlrfls in oaths, and fears to violate. Dryden.

Atte'st. »./. [from the verb.] Witnefs;
teftiraony ; atteftation.

The atteji of eyes and ears. Sbakcfpcare,-

With the voice divine
Nigh thunderftruck, th' exalted man, to whom
Such high atteji was giv'n, a while furvey'd
With wonder. ~ Paradije Regained.

Attesta'tion. »./. [from atteji .] Tef-
tiniony ; witnefs ; evidence.

There remains a fecond kind of peremptori-
ncfs, c!f thofe who can make no relation without:
an attejiation of its certainty. Gcv. of the Tcngue..

The next coal-pit, mine, quarry, or chalk-pit,
will give attejiation to what I write ; thefe aie fo-
obvious that I need not feck for a compurgator.

Wood-ward' s Natural H'Jfory^

We may derive a probability from the attejia-
tion of wife and honeft men by word or writing, Oj-
the concurring witnefs of multitudes who havg
ken and known what they relate, Pi-'atts,

To Atti'nge. f. a. [attingo, Lat.] To>
touch lightly or gently. DiSf.

To ATTl'RE. -v. a. [attircr, Fr.] To
drefs ; to habit ; to array.

Let it llkcwife your gentle breaft infpire
With fwcct infufion, and put you in mind.

Of thatproud maid, whom now thofc leaves attire.
Proud Daphne. " Spcvjer^

My Nan (hall be the queen of all the fairies j.
Finely attired in a robe of white.

Shakcjpeare' s Merry Wives ofWindfor..
With the linen mitre ihall he be attired..

Lev. xvi. 4,
Now the fappy boughs
Attire themfelves with blooms. Philips.

Atti're. n.f. [from the verb.]
I. Clothes; drefs; habit.

It is no more dilgiace to Scripture to have left
things free to be ordered by the church, than for
Nature to have left it to the wit of man to devife
his own allire. Hooker.

After that the Roman attire grtw to be in ac-
count, and the gown to be in ufe among them.

Davies on Ireland.
Thy fumptuous buildings, and thy wife's attire.
Hath colt a maf< of publick treafury.

Shakejpcare's HenryVl.p.W.
And in this coarfe attire, which I now wear.
With God and with the Mufcs 1 confer. Donne..

When lavifli nature, with her bcft attire.
Clothes thegay fpring, the fcafon of defiie. Waller.

I pafs their torm, and ev'ry charming grace.
But their attire, like liveries of a kind,
All rich and rare, is frclh within my mind. Drydi,

2. [In hunting.] The horns of a buck or
flag.

3. [In botany.] The flower of a plant is
divided into three parts, the empale-
ment, the foliation, and the eittire,
which is either florid or fcmiform,

Fhriit

ATT

flariJ ati'iri, called thrums or fuits, »s
in the flowers of marigold and tanfey,
confifts fometimcs of two, but commonly
cjf three parts. The outer part is the
floret, the body of which is divided at
the top, like the cowflip flower, into
iive diilinft parts. Stmiform attire con-
fifts of two parts, the chives and apices;
one upon each attire. DiB.

Atti'klh. n./. [from atfire.1 One that
'^.'ires afiother ; a drefler. Di(S.

A'ttitupe. »./ [attitude, Fr. from fl//o,
Jtal.] 'I'he pofture or aflion in which
a ftatue or painted figure is placed.

Bernini would have tal^cn his opinion upon the
beiuty and aliiiuJe of a figure. Pricr's Dtdicatnn.

They were famou!i originals thac gave rife to
Ratucs, with the fame air, poflure, and altitudes.

Milijon.

Atto'llent. adj. [attolletis, Lat,] That
which raifes or lifts up,

J <hall farther take notice of the exquifite libra-
tlon of the alulUnt and dcprimcnt mufcies.

Dertam's FhyJico-TLtil'-gy-

ATio'RNEy. n. /. [attornatus, low Lat.
from teur, Fr. Celui qui 'vient a tour d'au-
trui ; qui alterius I'ices fubit ."^

1. Such a perfon as by confent, command-
ment, or requeft, takes heed, fees, and
takes upon him the charge of other
men's bufinefs, in their abfence. At-
torney is either general or fpecial: At-
torney general is he that by general au-
thority is appointed to all our affairs or
luits ; as t\it attorney general o( ihc]fL\ng,
which is nearly the fame with Procura-
tor Ctrfaris in the Roman empire. At-
torneys general are made either by the
king's letters patent, or by our ap-
pointment before juftices in eyre, in
open court. Attorney fpecial or particu-
lar, is he that is employed in one or
more caufes particularly fpecified. There
are alfo, in refpeft of the divers courts,
attorneys at large, and attorneys fpecial,
belonging to this or that court only.

Covi<ell.

jitttrntys in common law, are nearly the fame
with proaors in the civil law, and lolicitors in
courts of equity. Attorneji fue out writs or pro-
cefs, or commence, carry on, and defend adVions,
or other proceedings, in the names of other pcr-
fons, in the courts of common llW. None are
admitted to a£l without having fervcd a clerkfhip
for five years, taking the proper oath, being en-
rolled, and examined by the judges. The attor-
ney general pleads within the bar. To him come
warrants for making out patents, pardons, &r.
and he is the principal manager V all law aftairs
of the crown. Ciamieru

I am a fubjeA,
And challenge law ; atlarncyi are deny'd me,
And therefore perfonally I lay my claim
To mine inheritance. Sbakejpejre.

The king's attorney, on the contrary,
Urg'd on examinations, proofs, confeffions.

Shakefptare.

Defyairing quacks with curfcs fled the place,
And vile attorneys, now an ufelcfs race. Pope.

2. It was anciently ufed for thofe who did
any bufmefs for another ; now only in
law.

I will attend my huiband ; it is my office j
And will have no attorney but myfelf ;
And therefore let me have him home. Shakefp.

y'e Atto'rney. v. a. [from the noun;
the verb is now not ia ufe.]

ATT

1. To perform by proxy.

Their encounters, though not perConil, have
been royally atiorniej with interchange of giVts.

Stateffeare.

2. To employ as a proxy.

As I was then
Adrertifing, and holy to your bilfinrls,
Nor changing heart with habit, 1 am ftill
Atttrnicd to your fervicc. Sbakefpeare.

Atto'rnbvship. n. f. [from attorney.'\
The office of an attorney ; proxy ; "vi-
carious agency.

But marriage is a matter of more worth,
Than to be dealt in by atfjrtieyp'tp, Sbakefpeare.

At TV)' u R N M E N T . n,f. [attournement, Fr.]
A yielding of the tenant to a new lord,
or acknowledgment of him to be his
lord ; for, otherwifc, he that buyeth or
obtaineth any lands or tenements of
another, which are in the occupation of
a third, cannot get poflfeflion. Co-xvell.

To ATTRA'CT. 'v. a. [attraho, attraOum,
Lat.]

1. To draw to fomething.

A man fliould Icarce p«rfuade the affeftions
of the loadllone, or that jet and amber atiralletb
ftraws and light bodies. Brown's Vulgar Errours.

The fingle atoms each to other tend,
AttraB, atlraBed to, the next in place
Form'd and impell'd its neighbour to embrace.

Pope.

2. To allure ; to invite.

Adorn'd
She was indeed, and lovely, to attrad
Thy love ; not thy fubjedlion. Milton.

Siiew the care of approving all afticins fo as
may moft effeaually attract all to this profellion.

Hammond.

Dei;;n to be lov'd, and ev'ry heart fubdue I

What nymph could e'er attract fuch crowds as

jou ? Pope.

Attra'ct. »./. [from To attraa.] At-

tradjon ; the power of drawing : not in

ufe.

feel darts and charms, attrafls and flames.
And woo and contract in their names. Hudibras.
At t r a'c t I c a i..adj. [from attra^.] Hav-
ing the power to draw to it.

Some ftones arc endued with an eleftrical or
attraHical virtue. Ray on the Creation.

Attra'ction. «./ [from attraa.'\

1. The power of drawing uny thing.

The drawing of amber and jet, and other clec-
trick bodies, and the attratlion in gold of the
fpirit of quickfilver at diftaiice ; and the attralfion
of heat at diilance ; and that of fiie to naphtha ;
and that of fome herbs to water, though at dif-
tance j and divers others, we (hall handle. Bactn.

Loadftones and touched needles,* laTd long in
quickfilver, have not amitted their aitradion.

Brown's Vulgar Errours.

jlitraBion may be performed by impulfc, or fome
other means ; 1 ule that word, to fignify any force
by which bodies tend towards one another.

Niivtons Opticks.

2, The power of alluring or enticing.

Setting the attraBion of my good parts afide, I
have no other charm*. Sbakefpeare.

AttRa'ctive. adj. [ftom attrad.'\
I. Having the power to draw any thing.

What if the fun
Be centre to the world ; and other liars,
liy his attra^i-ve virtue, and their own.
Incited, dance about him various rounds ? Milton.

Some, the round earth's cohefion to fccure.
For that hard talk employ magnetick power j
Remark, fay they, the globe with wonder own
Its nature, like the fam'd attraliive ftone.

Blacktncre.

Bodiet »€t by the attradions of gravity, mag-
neiifm> and eleclticity j and thefe inlUnccs make

A t T

!c not Improbable but there may be more altrtffive
powers than thefe. t/eviltin,

2. Inviting; alluring; enticing.

Happy is Hcrmia, wherefoc'er (he lies;
For flie hath bielfed and attraflive eyes. Sbalefp,

1 pleas'd, and with attraBive graces won.
The mod avcrfe, thee chiefly. Mi'iton,

Attra'ctive, n.f. [from attraS.] That
which draws or incites ; allurement :
except that atlra<3i've is of a good or
indifferent fenfe, and allurement gene-
rally bad.

The condition of a fervant (laves h'm oft' to a
diftance ; but the gofpcl fpeaks nothing but at-
traBives and invitation. South.

At t r a'c t I ve ly. ad-v. [frdm attraSi've.]
With the power of attrafling or draw-
ing. ^

Attra'ctiveness. »./[from attra3i've.'\
The quality of being attradive.

Attra'ctor. n.f. [from at trail. 1 The
agent that attrads ; a drawer.

If the draws be in oil, amber draweth them
not ; oil makes the ftraws to adhere fo, that they
cannot rife unto the attraBor. Brown's Vulg. Err.

A'ttrahent. «. f. [attrahens, Lat.]
That which draws.

Our eyes will inform us of the motion of the
fteel to its attrabent. Clanville's Scepfls*

Attrecta'tion.»./ [attre^atio, Lat. ]
Frequent handling. Dia.

Attri'b-utable. adj. [attriiuo, Lat.-]
That which may be afcribed or attri-
buted; afcribable; imputable.

Much of the origination of the Americans feems
to be attributable to the migrations of the Seres.

Hale.

To ATTRI'BUTE. 'v. a. [attrihto, Lat.]

1. To afcribe ; to give ; to yield as due.

To their very bare judgment fomewhat a rea-
fonable man would attribute, not^vithllanding the
common imbecillities which are incident unto our
nature. Hooker.

We attribute nothing to God that hath any re-
pugnancy or contradiSion in it. Power and wif-
dom have no repugnancy in them. Tillotfen,

2. To impute, as to a caafe.

I have obferved a campania determine contrary
to appearances, by tlic caution and conduft of a
general, which were attributed Co his infirmities.

Temple.
The imperfeflion of telefcopei is attributed to
fpherical gla(rcs; and mathemiticians have pro-
pounded to figure them by the conical fc£tions.

Newton's Opticks.
A'ttribute. n.f. [horaTo attribute.'\

1. The thing attributed to another, as
perfedion to the Supreme Being.

Power, light, "virtue, wifdom, and goodnefs,
being all but attributes of one fimpic elTence, and
of one God, wc in all admire, and in part difcern.

Raleigb.
Your vain poets after did mi (lake.
Who ev'ry attribute a god did make. Dryden.

All the perfections of God are called his at-
tributes i for he cannot be without them.

fVatts's Logick.

2. Quality ; charaderiftic difpofition.

They muft have tliefe three attributes ; they muft
be men of courage, fearing Cod, and hating co-
ve tournefs. Bacon.

3. A thing belonging to another ; an ap-
pendant ; adherent.

His fceptic (hews the force of temporal pow'r.
The attribute to awe and majcfty :
But mercy is above this fcepter'd fway.
It is an attribute to God himfelf.' Sbakefpeare.

The fculptor, to didinguKh him, gave him
what the medalifts call his proper attributes, a
fpcar and a ibield. Addifon.

4. Kepu-

A V A

4. Reputation ; honoar.

It takes
From our achievements, tho* perfiwmM at height,
The pith and marrow of our attriSaft, Shakffp.
Attribu'tion. ».y. [fiomTo altriiute.]
Commendation ; qualities afcribed.

If fpeaitir.g truth,
In this fine age, were not ttought flattery.
Such attrihuihn Ihould the Douglafs have,
As not a foldier of this feafon's (lamp
Should go fo general current through the world.

Shakeffttare.

We fuflfcr him to perfuade us we are as gods,

and never fufpcft thele %\ox\om attribuu^m may be

no more than flattery. Dicay ofPitty.

Attri'te. aJj. [attrittts, Lat.] Ground;

worn by rubbing.

Or, by coUifion of two bodies, grind
The air atirhe to fire. MHicn.

Attri'teness. «r./. [horn attrite.] The

being much worn.
Attri'tio.v. ft./. [a//r/h'o, Lat.]

1 . The aft of wearing things, by rubbing
one againft another.

This vapour, afcending inceflantly out of the
abyfs, and pervading the ftrata of gravel, and the
reft, decays the bones and vegetables lodged in
thoie ftrata j this fluid, by its continual attrithrty
fretting the faid bodies. Woodivard.

The change of the aliment is eft'cfted by aitri-
licn of the inward ftomach, and diflblvent liquor
afllfted with heat. jlriuitml.

2. The ftate of being worn.

3. [With divines.] Grief for fin, ariffng
only from the fear of punilhment ; the
loweft degree of repentance.

To Attu'ne. t;. a. [from tune."] .

1. To make any thing mufical.

Airs, vernal airs,
. Breathing the fmcll of field aod grove, attune
The trembling leaves. Mlhcr,

2. To tune one thing to another ; as, he
attunes his voice to his harp.

Attu'rney. »./. See Attorney.
Atwe'hn. ad-v.ot prep. [SeeBETWEEN .]

Betwixt; between; in the midft of two

things : obfolete.

Her loofe long yellow locks, like golden wire.
Sprinkled with pearl, and purling flowers atv^teit.
Do, like a golden mantle, her attire. Sf^erfer.

Atwi'xt. prep. [See Betwixt.] In the
middle of two things : obfolete.

But with outrageous ftrokes did him rcftrain,
And with his body barr'd the way ativixt them
twain. Fairy S^ttn.

To AVA'IL. V. a. [from valoir, Fr. ; to
avail being nearly the fame thing with
faire 'valoir.'\

1. To profit; to turn to profit: with of
before the thing ufed.

Then (hail theyfcek t'fliwVthcmfclvesfl^names,
Places, and titles ; and with thefe to join
Secular pow'r. Afi/tcn.

Both of them awa;/ themfrlve » o/'tholi licences,
which Apollo basequilly beftowed on them. Dryd.

2. To promote; to profper ; to aflilt.

Mean time he voyag'd to explore the will
Of Jove, on high Dodona's holy hill.
What means might beft his fafe return avail, Pofr.

yo Ava'il. nj.iu Tobeofufe; to be of
advantage.

Nor can my ftrength (twai/, unlef>{)y thee
Endu'd with f Jrce, I gain the viflory. Drydtn,

When real merit is wanting, it availt nothing
to have been encouraged by the great,

Pcpe'i Prcfartto hit tVortt.

Ava'il. n.f. [from To a'yail.'\ Profit;
advantage; benefit.

A V A

For all that elfe did come were fure to fail ;
Yet would he further none but for avail, Speujtr.

1 charge thee.
As beav'n (hall work in me for thine a^'aii.
To tell me truly. Sha'mjfcarc.

Truth, light upon this way, is of no more a^'a,-/
to us than errour. Lech.

Ava'ilable. aiij. [from a'vai/.'\

1 . Profitable ; advantageous.

Mighty is the efficacy of fuch interceflions to
avert judgments j how much more available then
may they be to fecure the continuance of bleilings .'

Atterbury.

All things fubjeft to aOion the will does lo
far incline unto, as reaion judges them more acai/-
abU to our blil's. Hooker,

2. Powerful ; in force ; valid.

Laws human are available by confent, Hcoker,

Drake put one of his men to death, having no

authority nor commiflion available, Raleigh.

Ava'ilableness. n,/. [from a'vailaiJe.J

1 . Power of promoting the end for which
it is ufed.

Wc difter from that fuppofition of the eflficacy,
or availablsnefif or fuitablenefs, of thefe to the end.

Hale.

2, Legal force ; validity.
Ava'ilably. aJv. [from availai/e.'\

J. Powerfully; profitably; advantageoufly.

2. Legally ; validly.

Ava'ilment. a./, [from ci/fli/.] Ufeful-

nefs ; advantage ; profit.
To Ava'le. I'.a. [aa;a/<f>-, to let fmk, Fr.]

To let fall ; to deprefs ; to make abjeft ;

to fmk : a word out of ufe.

By that th' exalted Phcrbus 'gan a-vale
His weary wain, and now the frofty night

Her mantle black thro' beav'n 'gan ovcrhalc.

apenfer*

He did abafe and avale the fovereignty into
more fervitude towards that fee, than had been
among us. f/^otlm.

To Ava'le. v, n. To fink.

But when his -latter ebb 'gins to avale.
Huge heaps of mud he have*. Spctifir,

Ava'nt. The front of an army. See

Van.
Ava'nt-ouard. n.f, [wva/iigan/t, Fr,]

The van ; the firft body of an army.

Thc'horfcmcn might ilTue forth without diftur-

bance of the foot, and the avant-guard without

fljjKllng with thcbattail or arriere. Haytvard.

A'VARICE. n,/. [avarice, Fr. a^uaritia,

Lat.] Covetoufnefs ; infatiable defire.

There giows
In my mod ill-compos'd afl'c^ion, fuch
A ftanchlefs avariie, that, wcte 1 king,
I Ihuuld cut off the nobles for their lands. Shakeff,

This avarice of praife in times to come,
Thofc long infcriptions crowded on the tomb.

Drydtn.

Nor love his peajoe of mind deflroys,
Nor wicked ai/aricf of wealth. Dryden.

Avarice is infatiable ; and fo he went ftiU pufli-
ing on for mure. L'EJirange,

Be niggards of advice on no pretence.
For tlie worft avarice is that of fenfe. Pope,

Avari'cious. aijy. [a'varicieitx, Fr."] Co-
vetous ; infatiably defirous.

Luxurious, avaricioui, faife, deceitful.

Hbakeff, Macbeth.
This fpcech has been condemned as avarieiout j
and Euftathiua judges it to be Ipolcen artfully.

Brcon'c en the OdyJJiy.
AvARi'ciouSLY. Wi;. [from avaricious.]

Covetoufly.
Avari'ciousness, n. /. [from avari-
cioui.] The quality of being avari-
cious.
Ava'st. adv, [from iajla, Ital. it is

A U D

enough.] Enough ; ceafe. A word ufed
among feamen.
Ava'unt. i)tterje3. [avant, Fr.] A word
of abhorrence, by which any one is
driven away.

O, he is bold, and hlu(hcs not at death ;
Avauiit, thou hateful villain, get thee gone 1

itbakefpeare.
After this procels
To give her the avaunt ! it is a pity
Would move a monfter. Sbakcjp, Henry VIII.
MiJlrefs ! dilmifs that rabble from your throne.
Avaunt ! — is Aiiftavchus yet unknow n ? Dunciad,
A'u B u R N E. adj. [from aubour, bark, Fr.]
Brown ; of a tan colour.

Her hair is auburnCj mine is perfeft yellow.

Shakeffeare.

His auburne locks on either (houlder flow'd.
Which ^tnefun'ral of his friend he vow'd. Dryd,

Lo, ho>v the arable with barley grain
Stands thick, o'erlhadow'd ; thefe, as modern ufe
Ordjins, infus'd, an auburne drink compofe,
Wholefome, of deathlefs fame. Fhilipi,

A'UCTION. «./. [audio, Lat.]

1. A manner of fale, in wluchone perfon
bids after another, till fo much is bid as
the feller is content to take.

2. The things fold by auftion.

A(k you why I'hrine the whole auBion buys i'
Phrine forefces a general cxcife. Ptpe,

Tff A'ucTioN. v.a. [irora. auSion.] To
fell by auftion.

A'ucTiONARY. adj. [from auRion.] Be-
longing to an auftion.

And much more honeft to be hir'd, and ftand
With euEtionary hammer in thy hand.
Provoking to give more, and knocking thrice
For the old houfehold ftulF, or picture's price.

Dryderii 'Juvenal,

Auctioni'er. ». / [irovcv auBion.] The

perfon that manages an auiSion.
A'uctive. adj. [from audus, Lat.] Of
an increafing quality. DiB,

Aucupa'tion. «. f. [aucufatio, Lat.]

Fowling ; bird-catching.
AUDA'CIOUS. adj. [atidacieux, Fr. au-
dax, Lat.] Bold ; impudent; daring:
always in a bad fenfe.

Such is thy audacious wickednefs.
Thy lewd, peliirrous, and diflentious pranks.

Sbakefpeare*
Till Jo\^, no longer patient, took his time
T' avenge with thunder tbeit audacious crime.

Dryden,

Young ftudents, by « conftant habit of difput-

ing, grow impudent and audacious, proud and dif-

dainful. fVatts,

Auda'ciouslv. adv. [irom audacious .]

Boldly ; impudently.

An angel (halt thou fee,
Vet fear not thou, but fpeak audacioujly, Shakefp,

Auda'ciousnesj. »,/, [ixom audacious.]
Impudence.

Auda'city. n. f, (from audax, Lat.]
Spirit; boldnefs ; confider^e.

Lean, raw-bon'd rafcals ! who would e'er fuppofe
They had fuch courage ani audacity ? Shakeff,
Great eft'efts come of induftry and perfevc-
rancc; for audacity doth almoft bind and mare
the weaker foit of minds. Bacon s Nat, Ilijlory,
for want of that freedom and audacity, necelTaty
in commerce with men, his pcrfonal modcfty over-
rhicw all his publick adlions, Matter,

A'u DIB LE. adj. [audiii/is. Lit.]
I. Tliat which may be perceived by hear-
ing.

Vifiblcs work upon a looking-glafs, and audihlei
upon the places of echo, wliich refemble in fomc
forttbc cavern of the car. Bacon'itJat.iliftery.

£ve.

A U D

Eve, who unfceni
Vrt *U had heard, with audible lament
Dlfcover'd foon the place of her retire. Mtlt'ii-
Every fenfe doth not operate upon fancy with the
fame force. The conceits of vifibles are clearer
and ftr jnger than thofe of tudiUtt. Crew-

2. Loud enough to be heard.

One leaning over a well twenty-five fathom deep,
and fpeaking foftly, the warer returned an audihlt
echo. Bacov.

A'u BIBLE NESS. n.f. [iroxti ouMblt.^ Ca-

pablenefs of being heard.
A'uDiBLY. fli/i". \jvom audible."] In fuch

a manner as to be heard.

AnH lalt, the fum of all, my Father'* voice,
Audibli heard from heav'n, pronounc'd me hit.
•' Miltm.

A'u D I E N CE. n.f. [audience, Fr.]
I. The aft of hearing or attending to any
thing.

Now I breathe again
Aloft the flood, and can give audience
To any tongue, fpcak it of what it will. Shaleff.

Thus far his bold difcourfe, without conrroul.
Hid audience. Milisn.

His look
Drew audience, and attention ftill as night,
Or fummcr's noon-tide air. Mi/lca.

Z. The liberty of fpeaking granted; a
hearing.

Were it reafon to give men audience, pleading for
tlic overthrow of that which their own deed hath
ratified ? Hwker.

According to the fair play of the world.
Let me hzve audience: I am fent to fpeak,
My holy lord of Milan, from the king. Skahefp.

3. An auditory ; peribns coUcfted to hear.

Or, if the ftar of ev'ning and the moon
Hafte to thj audience, night with her will bring
Silence. Milton.

The hall was filled with an audience of the
greatell eminence for quality and politenefs.

jidJi/an.

It proclaims the triumphs of goodncfs in a pro-
per audience, even before the whole race of man-
kind. Attcrbury.

4. The reception of any man who delivers
^ folemn meffage.

In this high temple, on a chair of ftate.
The feat of audience, old Latinus fate. Dryden.

Audience Court. A court belonging to
the archbilhop of Canterbury, of equal
authority with the arches court, though
inferiour both in dignity and iintiquity.
The original of this court was, becaufe
the archbilhop of Canterbury heard fe-
veral caufes extrajudicially at home in
his own palace ; which he ufually com-
jijitted to be difcufTed by men learned in
the civil and canon laws, whom he called
his auditors : and fo in time it became
the power of the man, who is called
cau/arum negothrumque audienliit Canlu-
arUnfis auJitur,/eii officialis, Ccwell.

A'u D IT. n. f. [from audit, he hears,
Lat.] A final account.

If they, which are accuftoraed to wc'gh all
things, ihall here fit down to receive our audit, the
fum, which truth amounteth to, will appear to be
but this. Hojhr.

He took my father grofsly, full of bread.
With all his crimes broad blown, and fliifli as May ;
And how his auda Hands, who knows favc Heav'n >

Hamlet.
I can make my audit up, that all
From me d) bac'< receive the flow'r of all,
And leave me but the bran. Hhakeffeare.

fe A'vDi-r. ev. a. [irom atulii.'] To take
an account finally.

AVE

Bifliopi otdinariet auditing all accounts, take
twelve pence. Ayliffe't Parergen.

I love exa£t dealing, and let Hocus audit ; he
Icnows how the money was dilburfcd. Arbuibiuit.

Audi'tion. is./, [iiWiWo, Lat.] Hear-
ing.
A'u D I TO R . It./, [auditor, Lat, ]

1 . A hearer.

Dear coufin, you that were laft day fo high in
the pulpit againft lovers, are you now became io
mean an auditir f Sidney.

What a play tow'rd ? I'U be an auditcr ;
An ailor too, perhaps. $hakejj>eare.

This firft doarine, though admitted by many of
bis auditors, ia exprel'sly agiintt the Epicureans,

Beniley.

2. A perfon employed to take an account
ultimately.

If you fulpcdl my hulbandry.
Call me before th' exafleft auditcrt.
And let me on the proof. Sbatefpeare'i Timtn.

3. In ecclefiaftical law.

The archbifliop's ulage was to commit the dif-
cu fling of caufes to perfons learned in the law,
filled his aiidiicrs. ylyliffe't Parergim.

4. In thfejlate.

A king's officer, who, yearly examining the ao-

counti of all under-officers accountable, makes up

a general book. ConuelU

A'vviTOKY. aei/. [auditorius, hat.] That

which has the power of hearing.

Is not hearing performed by the vibrations of

fome medium, excited in the auditory nerves by

the tremours of the air, and propagated through the

capillaments of thofe nerves ? Newton.

A'uDiTORY, n./. [auditorium, Lat.]

1. An audience ; a colleftion of perfons
affembled to hear,

Dema^cs never troubled his head to bring his
auditiry to their wits by dry reafon, VEflrange.

Met in the church, 1 look upon you as an audi'
firy fit to be waited on, as you arc, by both uni-
verfities. South.

Several of this auditory were, perhaps, entire
ftrangers to the perfon whofe death we now lament.

Atlcrbury.

2. A place where leftures are to be heard.
A'uDlTRESS. n.f. [horn audjtor.] The

woman that hears ; a flie-hearer.

Yet went {he not, as not with fuch difcourfe
Delighted, or not capable her ear
Of what was high : fuch pleafure flie ixferv'd,
Adam relating, (he fole audilrefi. Milton.

To Ave'l, '■j. a. [avello, Lat.] To pull
away.

The beaver in chafe makes fome divullion of
parts, yet are not ihefc parts avellcd to be termed
tefticles. Breivn.

A'vE Mary, ». /. [from the firft words
of the falutation to the Blefied Virgin,
Ave Maria.] A form of worfhip re-
peated by the Romanifts in honour of
the Virgin Mary,

All his mind is bent on holinefs.
To number Ave Maries on his beads. Shakefp.
A'vENACE. n. f. [of a'vena, oats, Lat.]
A certain quantity of oats paid to a
landlord, inllead of fome other duties,
or as a rent by the tenant. Dicl.

To AVE'NGE. 1/, a. [witger, Fr,]

1. To revenge,

I will avenge me of mine enemies. Ifaiab.

They Hood againft their enemies, and were
a-t'enged of their adverfaries, ll^ijdcm.

I will avenge the blood of Jezreelupon the houfe
of Jehu. llojea.

2. To punilh.

Till Jove, no longer patient, took his time
T' avenge with tiiuadcr your audacious cUme.

■ Dryden.

AVE

Ave'ncbance. »./. [{torn avingt."] Pa«
nilhment.

This neglcfted, fear
Signal avengtatiee, fuch as overtook
A mifer. Philift.

Ave'ncement. ». /. [from etvetige.}
Vengeance ; revenge.

That he might work th' avengemeni forhU Osamc
On thofe t\vo caitivet which had bred him blame.

Spenfer*

All thofe great battles which thou boafts to wia
Through ftrife and blood/hed, and avcngement
Now pralfed, hereafter thou Ihalt repent, Puiry 2*

Ave'nger. n.f. [hoxa avenge.]

1. Punifher.

That no man go beyond and defraud his brother,
becaufe the Lord is tiic avenger of all fuch. i Theff.

Ere this he had return'd, with fury driv'n
By his avengers ; fincc no place like this
Can fit his punifliment, or their revenge. MiIim,

2, Revenger; taker of vengeance for.

The juft avengej- of his injured ancefiors, the
viflorious Louis, »as darting his thunder. Dryden,

But Juft difcafe to luxury fucceeds.
And ev'ry death its own avenger breeds. Pope.
Ave'nceress. n./. [from avenger.] A
female avenger. Not in ufe.

There that cruel qjeen avmgerefs
Heap on her new waves of weary wretchcdnefs.

Fairy S^een.

A'vens, n.f. [caryofhyllata, Liii.] The
fame with herb bennet. Miller.

Av e'n T H R e. n.f. [aventure, Fr. ] A mif-
chance, caufing a man's death, without
felony ; as when he is fuddenly drowned,
or burnt, by any fudden difeafe falling
into the fire or water. See Adven-
ture. Co-zuell.

A'vENUE, »./. [avenue, Fr. It is fome-
times pronounced with the accent on the
fecond fyllable, as ff^alts obferves ; but
has it generally placed on the firft,]

I . A way by which any place may be en-
tered.

Good guards were fet up at all the avenues of the
city, to keep all people from going out. Clarendon.

Truth is a ttrong h dd, and diligence is laying
fiege to it ■, fo that it muft obferve all the avenues
and pall'es to it. Scuib,

z. An alley, or walk of trees, before a

houfe.
To A\'E'R. 1", a. [averer, Fr. from evemm,

truth, Lat,] To declare pofitively, or

peremptorily.

The reafon of the thing is clear ;
Would Jove the naked truth aver. Prior*

Then vainly the philofopher avers
That rcafin guides our deed, and inftin£l theirs.
How can we juftly diff'rent caufes frame,
When the effe£ls entirely are the fame ? Prior.

We may aver, though the power of God be in-
finite, the capacities of matter are within limits.

Bentley.
A'verage. tt./. [averagium, Lat.]

1. In law, that duty or fervice which the
tenant is to pay to the king, or other
lord, by his bealls and carriages, Chamb.

2. In navigation, a certain contribution
that merchants proportionably make to-
wards the loffes of fuch as have their
goods call overboard for the fafety of the
fhip in a tempeft ; and this contribution
feems fo called, becaufe it is fo propor-
tioned, after the rate of every man's
a-veragt of goods carried. Co^vell.

3. A fmall duty which merchants, who

ifend goods in another man's (hip, pay to
the

AVE

the mafter thereof for his care of them,
over and above the freight. Chambirs.

4. A medium ; a mean proportion.

Ave'rment. n. f. [from «'i'<r.]

1. Eftablilhment of any thing by evidence.

To avoid the oath, for averment of the continu-
ance of feme eftatc, which is eigne, tlie party will
fue a pardon. Bacon.

2. An oiFer of the defendant to juftify an
exception, and the adl as well as the
offer. Blount.

Ave'rnat. n.f. A fort of grape. See

Vl NE.

Averrunca'tion. «./. [from ai-errun-

cate.] The aft of rooting up any thing.
7*0 Averru'nc ATE. I/, a. [averruaco,

Lat.] To root up ; to tear up by the

roots.
Sure fome mifchief will come of it,

Unlefs by providential wit.

Or force, we averruncatt it. HuJ'rlras.

Aversa'tion. n./. [from aver/or, Lat]

1 . Hatred ; abhorrence ; turning awav
with deteftation.

Hatred is the paffion of defiance, and there is a
kind of avtrjalim and holliUty included in its ef-
fence. • South.

2. It is moil: properly ufed yi'nhfrom before
the objeft of hate.

There was a ftiff avirfat'nm in my lord of Eflcx
frail applying himfeif to the earl of Lcicefter.

tfntiin.

3. Sometimes with /« .• lefs properly.

There is fuch a genera! averjation in human na-
ture 10 contempt, that there is fcarce any thing
more exafperating. 1 will not deny, but tlie exccfs
of the averjal'ion may be levell-d againft pride.

Gwernment of the Tongue.

4. Sometimes, very improperly, with tc-
tjuardi.

A natural and fecret hatred and averjation to-
KvorHt fociety, in any man, hath fomewhat of thr
fa^age beafc. Bacon.

Ave'rse. adj. [aver/us, Lat.]

1. Malign; not favourable ; having fuch
a hatred as to turn away.

Their courage UnguifliM as their hopes decay*d,
And Pallas, now averje, refus'd her aid. DrycUn>

2. Not pleafed with ; unwilling to.

Has thy uncertain bofam ever ftruve
With the fitd tumults of a real love >
Had thou now dreaded, and now blelsM his fway,
By turv, averje and joyful to obey ? Prior.

yi'verje alike to flatter, or offenH,
Not free from faults, nor yet too vain to mend.

Pope.

3. It has mod properly_/rc»i before the ob-
jeft of averlion.

L:ws politick are never framed as they fhould
be, unlels prefuming the will of man to be inwardly
obftinate, rebellious, and aver ft from all obedience
unto the facred laws of his natuie. Hooker.

They believed all who obifdled againfl their un-
dctaking to be avirjefrom peace. Cldretuion.

Thefe carts alnne her virgin breaft employ,
Avcrje jrt/m Venus and the nut't.al joy. Pope.

4. Very frequently, but improperly, to.

He had, from the b-ginning of the war, been
Tcry B-uerje to any advice of the privy council.

ClarenAcn.

Diodorus tells us of one Charondos, who was
averfe to all innovation, cl'pcciaily when it was to
proceed from particular |)erfung, Sittft,

Ave'rsei.v. adv. [from a'ver/e.']

1. Unwillingly.

2. Backwardly.

Not < nly they want thofe parte of fecretinn, but
it is emitted tverfelj, or backward, by both fexes,
Bri,ii/n'iyulgtr Erreuri.

Vot.I.

AUG

Ave'rseness. ti.f. [from aver/e.'\ Un-
willingnefs ; backwardnefs.

The corruption of man is in nothing more ma-

nifeft, than in his a-verjenefs to entertain any friend-

(hip or familiarity with God. Atirrbury.

Avk'rsion. n. f. [averjion, Fr. averjia,

Lat.]
I. Hatred; diflike ; deteftation; fuch as
turns away from the objeft.

What if with \\Vx. averfxon 1 rcjeft
Riches and realms ? Milton.

z. It is ufed moft properly with yro»» before
the objeft of hate.

They had an inward averjicn from it, and were
refolved to prevent it by all poflibic means. Clarendon.

With men thefe confidcratiuns are ufuallycaul'es
of defpite, difdain, or a-verfion fnm others j but
with God, fo many reafons of our greater tenJer-
nefs towards others. Spratt.

The fame adhcfion to vice, and averjion from
goodnefs, will be a reafon for rejeiling any proof
whatfoever. Amrtjrj.

3. Sometimes, lefs properly, with to.

A freeholder is bred with an anierf on to fubjec-
tion. Aiidijon.

\ might borrow illuftrations of freedom and a^er-
Ron to receive new truths trom modern attronomy.

Watti.

4. Sometimes with_/cr.

The Lucquefc would rather throw themftlvcs
under the government of the Genocfe, than fub-
mit to a ftate/sr which they have fo great averfvm.

Add'ijon.

This averfi-m of the people ybr the late proceed-
ings of the commons, might be improved to good
ufes. Swft.

5. Sometimes, very improperly, with to-
tuards.

His averfton tonvarJs the houfc of York was fo
predominant, as it found place not only in his
councils but in his bed. Bacjn.

6. The caufe of averfion.

They took great pleafure in compounding Uw-
fuits among their neighbours; for which they were
the averjion of the gejiticmen of the long robe.

Arbuthnot't hiftory of Jobn Bull.

Self-love and reafon to one end afpire ;
Pain their averjion, pleifure their dcfirc. Pope.

To AVE'RT. v. a. [awrto, Lat.]

1. To turn afide; to turn off.

1 bcfeech you
T' avert your liking a more worthy way,
I'haii on a wretch. Shakijpfjre' s K'tng hear.

At this, for the laft time, ihc lifts her hand,
Averli her eyes, and half unwilling drops the brand.

Vrydcn.

2. To caufe to diflike.

When people began t > cfpy the falfchiod of ora-
cles, whereupon all gentility was built, their hearts
were utterly averted from it. Hooker.

Even cut theinfcKcs olf from the opportunities
of profelyting others, by averting them irom their
company. Government of the tongue.

J. To put by, as a calamity.

O Lord ! avcit whatfoever evil our fwerving may
threaten unto his church. Hooker.

D verfityof conjefturcs made many, whofj con-
ceits averted from themfelves the fortune of that
war, to become carclcfs and fccure. Kmltes.

Th-fe ad'edlions earneftly fix our minds on God,
and forcibly avert from us thofe things which are
difpleafmg to him, and contrary to religion. Spratt.

Thro' thr;:aten'd lands they wild dellru(3ion
throw,
Till ardent prayer averts the public woe. Prior.

A UP. n.f. [of a^, Dutch.] A fool, or
filly fellow. Dia.

A'uGER. «./. [i'^j-^r, Dutch.] A carpen-
ter's tool to bore holes with.

The augtr hath a handle and bit ; its office is to
make great round holes. When you ufe it, the
ftulf you work upon is commonly laid low under

AUG

yoti, that yoo may the eafier ufe your ftr«ngth : for
in twilling the bit about by the force of both your
hands, on each end of the handle one, it cuts great
chips out of the ftuff. Moxon's Mecb. Exercifa,

Aught, pronoun, [auht, aphr, Saxon.
It is fometimes, improperly, writtea
ought. '\ Any thing.

If 1 can do it,
By aught that 1 can fpeak in his difpraife,
She Ihall not long continue love to him. Shakefp,

They may, for aught I know, obtain fuch fub-
llances as may induce the chymifts to entertain
other thoughts. Boyle.

But go, my fon, and fee H aught be wanting.
Among my father's friends. Addij'm's Cato,

To AUGME'NT. 'v. a. [augmcnter, Fr.]
To increafe ; to make bigger, or more.

Some curfed weeds her cunnmg hand did know.
That could augment his harm, encreale his pain.

Fairfax.
Rivers have dreams added to them in their paf-
fage, which enlarge and augment them.

Hale^s Common Latv of England.

To Augme'nt. <v. v. To increafe; to
grow bigger.

But as his heat with running did augment,
M uch more his fightencreas'd hi shot delire. Sidney.

The winds redouble, and the rains augment.
The waves on heaps are dalh'd. Dryden^s firgll.
A'uGMENT. n./. [augmen f um, L^t."]

1. Increafe; quantity gained.

You fiiail find tliis augment of the tree to he

without the diminution of one drachm of the earth*

IValton^i Angler.

2. State of increafe.

Difcutients are improper in the beginning of in-
Hammations ; but proper, when mixed with repel-
lents, in the augment. IVifeman.
Augmenta'tion. a.y; [from augment. "^

1. The ail of increafing or making bigger.

Thofe who would be zealous againft regular
troops after a peace, will promote an augmentation
of thofe on foot. Addifon.

2. The ftate of being made bigger.

What modification ot matter can make one em-
bryo capable of fo prodigioufly vaft augmentation^
while another is confined to the minutcnefs of an
infi-a ? _ Benttey.

3. The thing added, by which another is
made bigger.

By being glorified, it does not mean that he doth
receive any augmentation of glory at our hands ; but
his name we glorify, when we teftify our acknow-
ledgment of his glory. Hooker.

Augmentation Court. A court crefted
by King Henry the Eighth, for the in-
creafe of the revenues of his crown, by
the fupprcffion of monafteries. DiS.
A'uGRE. n.f. A carpenter's tool. See
Auger.

Your temples burned in the cement, and
Your fianchifes, whereon you Hood, confined
Into an augre& bore, Shakefp. Coriolanui.

Aug RE-HOLE. n.f. [from «K^r« and /^o/^.]
A hole made by boring with an augre ;
proverbially a narrow (pace.

What (hruld be fpoken here,
Where our fate, hid within an augre-hole.
May rufli and feize us. Siakejp. Macbeth.

A'UGUR. n.f. [augur, Lat.] One who
pretends to predict by omens, as by the
flight of birds.

What fay the augurs f
—They would not have you ftir forth to-day !
Plucking the entrails of an olfering forth.
They could not find a heart within the bead.

Sbakejpeere.
Calchas, the facred feer, who had in view
Things prefcnt and the paft, and things to come

foreknew:
Supreme of auguru Dijdtn'i Faila.

S Aa

AVI

As T and mioe confult thy tupirt
Crant the glad oiren} let thy tav'tite rife
Prnp.tious, ever tearing from the right. Prior.
To A'uGUR. 'v.n. [from augur,'\ Toguel's;
to conjefture by figns.

1 he people love me, and the fea is mine.
My p;>w*r's a crefcenti and my aug^r'wg hope
Says i; will come to the full. Shateffcare,

My aug'ring mind alTures the iame fuccets.

Dry ({en,

To A'uounATE. V, H. [auguror, Lat.] To

judge by augury.
Aucura'tion, ti.f, [from aafar.] The

praftice of augury, or of foretelling by

events and prodigies.

Claudius Pulcher underwent the like fucccff,
when he continued the tripudary auguralhns,

Brc'WH'i Vulgar Errours,

A'v G u R s R . It./, [from augur.] The fame
with augur.

Thefe apparent prodigies.
And the perfuafion of his auguren.
May hold him from the capital to-day. Shaiefp.

Avcv'tLiAt.aJJ. [from augur^y .] Relating
to augury.

On this foundation were butlt the conclufions
of foothfayers, in their dn^iiria/ and tripudiary di-
vinations. Bn-wn.

To A'ucuRisB. t>. n. [from <j»^*r.] To
praAife divination by augury. DU1.

Av'cvtLOVs. adj. [from «»fK;-.] Predift-
ing ; prefcient ; foreboding.

So fear'd
The fair-man'd horfes, that they flew back, and

their chariots turn'd ,
Prefaging in their augurtut hearts the labours that
they mourn'd. Chapman^i Iliad.

A'uGURY. n.f. [augurium, Lat.]
I. The aft of prognofticating by omens
or prodigies.

Thy face and thy behavipur,
Which, if my augury deceive me not,
Witnefs good breeding. Sbakeffeart,

The winds are chang'd, your friends from dan-
ger free,
Or I renounce my (kill in augury. Dryd. jSneid.
She knew, hy augury divine,
Venus would fail in the defign. Swift.

z. An omen or prediftion.

What if this death, which is for him defign'd,
Had been your doom (far be that augury ! )
And you, not Aurengzebe, condemn'd to die ?

Dryder..
The pow'rs we both invoke
To you, and yours, and mine, propitious be.
And firm our purpofe with an augury. Dryden.

AuGu'sT. adj. [augu/liis , Lzx."] Great;
grand ; royal ; magnificent ; awful.

There is nothing fo contemptible, but antiquity
c«n render it auguji and excellent. Glanvi Scepfa.

The Trojan cliicf appear'd in open fight,
Aguft in vifjge, and fercncly bright;
His mother goddefs, with her hands divine.
Had form'd his curling locks, and made his tem-
plet flline. Dryden.

A'oGusT. n.f. [Augujlut, Lat.] The
name of the eighth month from Jan-iary
indufive.

Auguji was dedicated to the honour of Auguftus
Cxfar, becaufe in the fame month he was ere iCed
conful, thrice triumpher in Rome, fubdued Egyp^
to the Roman empire, and made an end of civil
wars ; being before called Stxiilis, or the fixth
from March. Piacbam.

AoGu'sTNESS. n.f. [from augufl.l Eleva-
tion of look ; dignity ; loftinels of mien
or afpeft.

A'viARY. n./ [from a-vis, Lat. a bird.]
A place inclofed to keep birds in.
la aviaria of Wire, to keep birds of all forts,

A V O

the Italians bellow vail expence; including great'
fcope of ground, variety of buOies, trees of good
height, running waters, and foineiimes a Hove an-
nexed, to contemper the air in the winter.

IVcttun't jircbittBure.

Look now to your aviary ; for now tlie birds

grow fick of their feathers. E-velyn't Kalendar.

Avi'oiTY. n.f. [a-vidite, Fr. aniiditas,
Lat.] Greedinefs} eagernefs; appetite;
infatiable defire.

A'viTOus. adj. [a^</V«/, Lat.] Left by a
man's anceltors ; ancient. DiSl.

To Avi'zE. 1/. a. \avijh-, Fr. A word
'out of ufe.]

1. To counfel.

With that, the hulbandman 'gan him avixe.
That it for him was fittefl exercife. Sfen/ir.

2. With a reciprocal pronoun, to bethink
himfelf : s'a'vlj'er, Fr.

But him a-viztng, he that dieadful deed
Foibore, and rather chofe, with fccrnful fliame,
Him to avenge. Sfcnfir.

3. To confider; to examine.

No power he had to ftir, nor will to rife ;
That when the careful knight 'gan well avixe.
He lightly left the foe. Fairy Sjuecn.

As they 'gan his library to view,
And antique regifters for to avixe, Spenfcr.

A'ukward. See Awkward.

AvLD. adj. [alb. Sax.] A word now ob-

folete ; but ftill ufed in the Scotch dia-

left.

'Tis pride that pulls the country down ;
Then take thine au/d cloak about thee.

Shakefpeare.

Aule'tick. ae//. [av>ii(.] Belonging to

pipes. D/ff.

A'u n c K . adj. [aulicus, Lat.] Bekjnging to

the court. ^

Auln. n.f. [aii/fie, Fr.] A French mea-

fure of length; an ell.
To Auma'il. v. a. [from maille, Fr. the
me(h of a net ; whence a coat of aumail,
a coat with network of iron.] To varie-
gate ; to figure. Upton explains it, to
enamel.

In golden bulkins of coftly cordwalne.
All hard with golden bendes, which were entail'd
With curious anticks, and full fair aumaiVd.

Fairy S^ueen.

Au'mbry. See Ambry.

Aunt. n.f. \jante, Fr. amita, Lat.] A fa-
ther or mother's fifter ; correlative to
nephew or niece.

Wlio meets us here ? my niece Plantagenet,
Led in the hand of her kind aunt of Gl<f Iter.

Shakefpeare.
She went to plain work, and to purling brooks,
Old-falhion'd halls, dull aunti, and croaking rooks.

Pope.
AFOCA'DO. n. /. [Span, perjica, Lat.]
The name of a tree that grows in great
plenty in the Spanifh Well Indies.

The fruit is or itlelf very inlipid, for which
reafon they generally eat it with the juice of le-
mof.s and fugar, to give it a poignancy. Miller.

To A'VOCATE. n). a. [a'voco, Lat.] To
call off from bufmcfs ; to call away.

Their divei:ure ol mortality difpenfcs them
from thofe laborious and avocatirg duties to dlf-
ttelled Chriftians, ard their fecular relations,
which are here rcquifite. Style.

Avoca'tion. n.f. [from a'vocate.]
I. The aft of calling afide.

The buftlc of bulinefs, the avocaticnt of our
fenfes, and the din of i clamoroui world, are im-
pediments. CltnvUk.

A V O

Stir up that remembrance which his many tvi^
cat'ani of bufinels have caufcci him to lay afide.

Drydtn.

God does frequently inject into the fiul biclfed
imnulfes to duty, and powerful avocaticni from
fin. South.

2. The bttfmefs that calls; or the call that
fummons away.

It is a fubjed that we may make fome progrcfs
in its contemplation within the time, that in the
ordinary time of life, and with the permiflian of
neceifary avocations, a man may employ in fuch a
contemplation. , HaU'i Origin of Mankind.

By the fecular cares and avocations which ac-
company marriage, the clergy have betn turnllhed
with {kill in common life. jitterbary.

To AVO'ID. -v. a. [-vuider, Fr.]
I. To ftiun ; to decline.

The wifdom of plcaling God, by doing what he
commands, and avoiding what he forbids. 'Tillotfon.

z. To efcape ; as, he atioided the blow by
turning afide.

3. To endeavour to (hun.

The faihion of the world is Xo avoid co^, and
you encounter it, Sbakeffeare.

4. To evacuate ; to quit.

What have you tu do here, fellow .' pray you,
avoid the houfe. Sbakefpeare,

If any rebel fliould be require^, of the prince
confederate, the prince confederate Ihould com-
mand him to avoid the country. Baeon.

He defired to fpeak with fome few of us :
whereupon fix of us only Itayed, and the reft a-
voided the room. Bacoiu

5. To emit ; to throw out.

A toad contains not thofe urinary parts which
are found in other animals to avoid that ferous
excretion. Brc^n's Vulgar Erreiiri.

6; To oppofe ; to hinder effeft.

The removing that which caufcd putrefaction,
doth prevent and a'void putrefadlion. Bacon*

7. To vacate ; to annul.

How can thefe grants of the king's be avoided,
without wronging of thofe lords which had thrfe
lands and lord/hips given them .' Spenfcr,

To Avo'iD. Ol. ».

1 . To retire.

And Saul call the javelin ; for he faid, I will
fmite David even to the wail with it : and David
avoided out ol his prefence twice. 1 Sam,

2. To become void or vacant.

Biihopricks are not included under benefices :
fo that if a perfon takes a biflioprick, it does not
avoid by force of that law of pluralities, but by
the ancient common law. Ayliffe,

Avo'iDABLE. adj. [from avoid."]

1 . That which may be avoided, fhunned,
or efcaped.

Want of exa£lnefs in fuch nice experiments is
fcarce avoidable. Boyle,

To take feveral things for granted, is hardly
avoidable to any one, whofe talk it is to Ihew the
falfehood or improbability of any truth. Locke,

2. Liable to be vacated or annulled.

The charters were not avoidable for the king's
nonage ; and if there could have been any iuch
pretence, th.it alone would not avoid them. Halt,

Avo'i DANCE, n.f [from avoid.]
1 . The aft of avoiding.

It is appointed to give us vigour in the purfult
of what is good, or in the avoidance of what is
hurtful. fVatts,

z. The courfe by which any thing is car-
ried off.

For avoi.lances and drainings of water, where
there is too much, we (hall fpeak of. Bacoiu

3. The aft or ftate of becoming vacant.

4. The aft of annulling.
Avoi'der. n.j. [from <ifo«</.]

I. The perfon that avoids or fliuns any
thing,

i. The

A V O

2. The perfon that carries any thing away.

3 . Tne veflel in which things are carried
away.

Avo'iDLESs. adj. [from aao/V.] Inevit-
able ; that which cannot be avoided.

That atj':\diijs ruin in wiiich the whole empire
would be involved. Dennises Lett^n.

Avoir Dupo'is. n.f. [wvoir dupoids, Fr.]
A kind of weight, of which a pound
contains fixteen ounces, and is in pro-
portion to a pound Troy, as feventeen
to fourteen. All the larger and coarfer
commodities are weighed by a-voirdupois
weight. Chambers.

Probably the Romans left their ounce in Bri-
tain, which is now our a'v^'irdu^w ounce : for out
trrjy ounce wc had elfcwhere. Arbuthnot en Coins.
Avola'tion. n. f. [from a-jolo, to fly
avvay, Lat.] The^aft of flying away ;
flight : efcape.

Thefe airy vcgeubles are made by the relicks of
plantal emiflives, wh&fc avblaticn was prevented
by the condenfeJ enclofurc. Glamj'tlU^i Scc^i:.
Strangers, or the fungous parcels about candies,
oniy fignify a pluvious air, hindering the a'vcla-
tioK of the favillous paiticlcs. Brcnvni f^uJg. Err.

To Avo'ucH. v. a. \a'uouer, Fr. : for this
word we now generally fay vouch.'\

1. To affirm ; to maintain ; to declare
peremptoFily.

Th-y bjidiy avtuchrH that themfelves only had
the truth, which thfy would at ali times deiend.

Biiokcr
Wretched though I feem,
I can produce a champion that Will prove
What is avcucbed here. Shaktfj). King Lear.

2. To produce in favour of another.

Such antiquities could luve b-^en a-vcucbed for
the Irift). Spnfer'i Jritatid.

3. To vindicate ; to juftify.

You will think you trade no offence, if the duke
avouch thcjullice of ynut dealing.

Staktfpeare't Mttijure for Meafitre.

Avo'ucH. n.f. [from the verb.] Decla-
ration ; evidence ; teftimony.

1 might not this believe.
Without the fenfible and xx^^cavottib
Of mine own eyes. SbaUfp. Bamltt.

Avo'ucH ABLE. adj. [from a'vou(h.'\ That

may be avouched.
Avo'ocHER. H.f. [from <i«e«rj&.] He that

avouches.
To AVO'W. -V. a. [a-vouer, Fr.] To de-
clare with confidence ; to jullify ; not
to difTemblc.

H s CI uei l^cpdanic, feeing what was done.
Her wicked days with wretched knife did end j
In death tmovting^ib^ innocence of her fon.

Fairy Slueert.

He that delivers them mentions his doing it

npon hi^ own particular kno-A edge, or the relation

of fomc ci edible perfon, avvwi.ig it upon his <iwn

experience. Boyle.

Lett to myfelf, I muft avow, 1 drove

From publick fhame to fcreen my fecret love. Dryd,

Such anertior.s proceed from principles which

cannot be ativwed by thofe who arc for prefcrving

church and ftate. Siuifr.

Then blaz'd hit fmotherM flame, avviu^d and

-.:. h'Ai. 'Ihomjon.

Avo'wABLE. adj. [from aruonu."] That

which may be openly declared; that

which may be declared without Ihame.

Avo'wAL. tt f. [from a-vo-w^ Juftificatory

declaration ; open declaration.
Avo'wEDLv. ad'v. [from «xr»w.] In an
open ffianaer.

10

A U R

Wllmot could not evmvedly have excepted
againft the ether. Ctartni.n.

Avowee', n.f. [avoue, Fr.] He to whom
the right of advowfon of any church be-
longs. !)/<?.
Avo'wER. ». /. [from azKnv.] He that
avows or juftifies.

Virgil makes ^neas a bold avoivtr of his own
virrues. DrytUn.

Avo'wRY. n.f. [from i7i;ow.] In Lw,
is where one takes a diftrels for rent, or
otlier thing, and the other fues replevin.
In which cafe the taker Ihall juftify, in
his plea, for what caufe he took it ; and,
if he took it in his own right, is to (hew
it, and fo avow the taking, which is
called his azvwry. Chambers.

Avo'wsAL. ». y. [from co/o-ti'.] A con-
feflion. Dm.

Avo'wTRY. n. f. [See Auowtrv.]
Adultery.

A'uRATE. n. /. A fort of pear; which
fee.

Aure'lia. n.f. [Lat.] A term ufed for
the firft apparent change of the eruca,
or maggot of any fpecies of infecls.

Chambers.

The fjlitary maggot, found in the dry heads ot

teafel, is fometinies changed into the aurclia of a

butterfly, fometimes into a fty-cafe. RayonCrial.

A'uRicLE. n.f. [auricula, Lat.]

1. The external ear, or that part of the
ear which is prominent from the head.

2. Two appendages of the heart ; being
two mufcular caps, covering the two
ventricles thereof; thus called from the
refemblance they bear to the evternal
ear. They move regularly like tht
heart, only in an inverted order ; their
fyftole correfponding to the diaftole of
the heart. Chambers.

Blood fliiuld be ready to join with the chyle,
before it reaches the right auricle of the heart.

Ray on th^ Creation.

AuRi'cuLA. »./. See Bears Ear. A

flower.
Auri'cular. adj. [from auricula, Lat.]

the ear.]
I. Within the fenfe or reach of hearing.

You Ihall hear us conter, and bv an aurnular
afTurance have your fatisfatlion. &hak. K. Lear,
z. Secret ; told in the ear ; as, auricular
confeffion.

3. Traditional; known by report.

The alchymifts call in many var ctics out of

aftrology, auricular traditions, and feigned tk-lli-

monies. Bacon.

AuRi'ct/LARLY. ad-v. [frotu auricuJar.]

In a fecret manner.

Thele will foon cotrt'els, and that not auricularly,

but in a loud and audible voice. Decay of Piiiy.

Auri'ferous. adj. [ojiri/er, Lat.] That

which produces gold. ■

Rocks rich in gems, and mountains big with

mines, ,

Whence many a burfting ftream euriferoas plays.

Thonf'^n. '

Aurica'tion. n.f. [auriga, Lat.] The

aft or praftice of driving carriages. Diii.

AuRIPICMe'ntUM. SeeORPIMENT.

AURO'RA. n.f. [Lat.]

1 . A fpecies of crowfoot.

2. The goddefs that opens the gates of
day ; poetically, the morning. I

A U S

Aurora ftieds
On Indus' fmiling banks the rofy (hovrer. Tiji^t

AURO'RA Borealis. [Lat.] Light ftream-
ing in the night from the north.

AU'RVM Fulminans. [Lat.] A prepara-
tion made by diflblving gold in aqua
regia, and precipitating it with fait of
tartar ; whence a very fmall quantity of
it becomes capable, by a moderate heat,
of giving a report like that of a piftol.

^ncy.

Some aurum fulniinam the fabrick (hook. Gartb,
Ausculta'tion. 71. /. [from auj'culto,
Lat.] A hearkening or liftening to. DiH.
A'USPICE. n.f. \aufpiciiim, Lat.]

1. The omens of any future undertaking
drawn from birds.

2. Proteftion ; favour (hewn.

Great father M.irs, and greater Jove,
By whofe high aujpicc Rome hath ftood
Si long. Ben fonfon,

3. Influence; good derived to others from
the piety of their patron.

But fo may he live long, that town to fwayt
Which by his aujpice they will nobler make.
As he will hatch their alhes by his ftay. DryJen.

Auspi'ci al. fl(^'. [irom aufpice.^ Relat-
ing to prognolticks.
Auspi'cious, adj. [from aufpice.^^

1 . Having omens of fuccefs.

You are now, with happy and aufpicicous .be-
ginnings, forhiing a model of a Chtiflian charity.

Spratt,

2. Profperous ; fortunate: applied to per-
fons.

Aujpiciou! chief! thy race, in times to come,
Shall Ipread the conquelis of imperial Rome. Dryd*

3. Favourable; kind; propitious: ap-
plied to perfons, or afiions.

Fortune play upon thy profp'rous helm,
As thy aujfifious miftrefs ! Shakefpeare»

4. Lucky ; happy : applied to things.

I'll deliver all.
And promife you calm feas, aujpicioui gales.
And fails expeditious. Sbakefpeare^s Tempcji^

A pure, an aftive, an aufpicious flame.
And bright as heav'n, from whence the blelTing
came. Ro/common,

Two battles your aujpicioui caufe has won ;
Thy fword can perfcft what it has begun. Dryden.
Auspi'ciousLV, ad'v. [from flK/^/a'o«r.]
Happily ; profperoufly ; with profpe-
rous omens,
Auspi'ciousNESS. n.f. [from aufpicieus-l

Profperity ; promife of happlneCs.
AUSTE'RE. adj. [aujierus, Lat.]

1. Severe; harfh ; rigid.

When men reprelent the Divine -nature as an
aujlere iViA rigorous mailer, always lifting up hit
hand to take vengeance, fuch conceptions mud
unavoidably raiie terror. Rogcri*

Aujiere Saturnius, fay
From whence this wrath ? or who controuls thy
fway f Fope.

2. Souroftafte; harfli.

Th' aujlere and pond'rous juices they fublime.
Make them afcend the porous foil, and climb
The orange-tree, the citron, and the lime.

Blackntorem
Aujicre wines, diluted with water, cool mora
than water alone, and at the fame time dn not relax.
Arbuthnot on Alimenti,
AutTE'RELY. adv. [from aujiere.\ Se-
verely ; rigidly.

Ah! Luciana, did he tempt thee fo ^
Might'ft thou perceive, aujlerely in his eye,
That he did plead in earnell ? Sbakcfpeart,

Hypocrites aujitrely talk
Of purity, and place, and innocence. Par. Loft.
S 2 AuSTe'KS-

A U T

/uste'reness. a./, [from aufttre.'\

1. Severity ; ftriftnefs ; rigour.

My UDl'oU'd name, th' auflerittefi of my life,
May vouch againft you ; and my place i' th" ftjtt
WUl fo your accufation ovciwcigh. Shaktjfrarc.

If «n indifferent and unridlculous objedt could
draw this eufitrcniji into a fmile, he hardly could
refift the proper motives thereof, imiiu'i Vulg> Er.

2. Roughnefs in tafte.
Austb'rity. n.f. [from auftert.'\

I. Severity ; mortified life ; ftriftnefs.
Now, Marcus Cato, our new conful's fpy,
"WJiit it your SaMt eujiirity fent t' explore f

Ben yonfcn*
What was that fnaky-headed Gorgon fliield '
That wife Minerva wore, unconquer'd \irgin.
Wherewith (he freei'd her foes to confeal'd ftone.
But rigid looks of challe auftiriiy.
And noble grace, thatdafli'd brute violence
With fudden adoration and blank awe ? MUtiK.
This prince kept the government, and yet lived
in his convent with all the rigour aad aufier'ity of
a Capuchin. Mdtjm.

i. Cruelty ; harfli difcipline.

Let not oujleriiy breed fervile fear ;
No wanton found offend her virgin ear. Ro/cmmcri.
A'usTRAL. 4ii/j. [auftralis, Lat.] South-
ern ; as, the aujiral figns.
Ta A'usTRALizE. v. n. [from aufter, the
fouth wind, Lat.] To tend towards the
fouth.

Steel and good iron difcovcr a verticlty, or polar
faculty ; whereby they do feptentriatc at one ex-
treme, and <»^ra//a:f at another. BrovitCs Vulg<Err,
A'usTRiNE. adj. [from auflrinus, Lat.J

Southern; fouthernly.
Authe'ntical. adj. [from authentick.]
Not fiftitious ; being what it feems.

Of ftatutes made before time of memory, we
have no aMttemicai ttcotds, but only tranfcripts.

Na/c.

Awthe'ntically. ad-v. [from authen-
tical.} After an authentick manner ;
with all the circumltances requifite to
procure authority.

This point is dubious, and not yet authentically
decided. Bro^vns J^ulgar Errours.

Confcience never commands or forbids any thing
authentically, but there is fome law of God which
commands or forbids it firft. Siuth.

Authe'nticalness. n./. [from authen-
tica/.] The quality of being authentick;
genuinenefs ; authority.

Nothing can be more pleafant than to fee vir-
tuofos about a cabinet of medjis, defcantlng upon
the value, rarity, and aethenticalrefi of the feveral

AuTHENTi'ciTY. «./. [from aulbetifici,']
Authority ; genuinenefs ; the being au-
thentick.

^UTHE-NTICK. a/^'. [aut&eftticus. Lat.]
That which has every thing requifite to
give it authority; as, an authentick re-
gifter. It is ufed in oppofition to any
thing by which authority is deftroyed,
as authentick, not counterfeit. It is never
nfedof perfons. Genuine; not fidlitious.

Thou art wont his great autlentick will
Interpreter through higheft heav'n to bring. Mill.

She joy'd th' authentick news to hear.
Of whatflieguefs'd belorewith jealous fear. Cowley.
But eenfure 's to be underftood
The authentick mark of the elcfl.
The publick ftamp Hcav'n fcts on all that's great
and good. S-ui\ft.

AtJT H e'n T I CK ty. ad'v. [from authentick.']

After an authentick manner.
Authe'ntickness. ». y." [from authen-
tick.\ The fame with authotticitj.

A U T

A'UTHOR. »./ at,aor, [Lat.]

1. The firft beginner or mover of any
thing ; he to whom any thing owes its
original.

That law, the auihentni obfervcr whereof is one
only God, to be bicffed for ever. Hv>ker.

The authcr of that which caufeth another thing
to be, is author o{ that thing alfo which thereby is
ca\ifed. Hooker.

I'll never
Be fuch a goding to obey inftirfl j but fljnd
As if a man was author ofhimfelf.
And knew no other kin. Shaiefp. Crriolanus.

Thou art my father, thou my ahth'.r, thou
My being gav'/l me; whom Ihould 1 obey
But ihte ? Milton i Paradife Loji.

But Faunus came from Plcua, PIcus drew
His birth from Saturn, if records be true.
Thus king Latinu;, in the third degree,
Had Saturn author of his family. Dryden.

If the worftiip of falfe gods had not blinded the
heathen, inf^ead of teaching to wor/hip the fun,
and dead heroes, they would have taught us to
worfliip our true Author and bcnefador, as their
anceft^irs did under the government of Noah and
his fons, before they corrupted themfelves. Neiuton.

2. The efficient ; he that effefts or pro-
duces any thing.

Thit which is the (trength of ihcir amity, fliall
prove the immediate author of their variance.

Sbakefpeare,

Now while tlie tortur'd favage turns around.
And flings abouthis foam, impatient of the wound ;
The wound's great author clofe at hand provokes
Kis rage. Dryden'i Fables.

From his loins
New authors of diffention fpring ; from him
Two branches, that in hofting long contend
For fov'reign fway. Philips.

3. The firft writer of any thing ; diftinfl
from the tranjlator or compiler.

To ftand upon every point in particulars, belong-

■ eth to the firft author of the ftory. 1 Mac. ii. 30

An author has the choice of his own thoughts

and words, which a tranflafor has not. Dryden.

4. A writer in general.

Yet their own autLo,rs faithfully affirm
That the land Salike lies in Germany. Sbaiefp.
Autho'ritative. adj. [from authority.]

1 . Having due authority.

2. Having an air of authority.

1 dare not give them the auihorifative title of
aphoiifms, which yet may make a reafonable mora!
yrognofiick. TVottcn.

The mock aufhoritathve manner of the one, and
the infipid mirth of the other. Stviffs Examiner.
AuTHo'RiTATiVELY.aa'i'. [from autho-
ritati've.]

1 . In an authoritative manner ; with a
ihew of authority.

2. With due authority.

No law foreign binds in EnglanJ, till it be re-
ceived, and authoritatively engrafted, into the law
of England. Hale.

Autho'ritativeness. n.f. [from aa-
thoritati've.] An afting by authority ;
authoritative appearance. Z);V?.

Autho'rity. ii.f. [auiSoritas, Lat.]

1 . Legal power.

Idle old man.
That ftill would manage thofe authorities
That he hath given away ! Shakefp. K. Lear.

Adam's fovereignty, that by virtue of being pro-
prietor ofthe wholeworld, he had any authority over
men, could not have been inherited by any of his
children. Locke.

2. Influence ; credit.

Power arifing from ftrength, is always in thofe
that are governed, who arc many : but authority
arifing from opinion, is in thofe that govern, who
are few. Temple.

Tiic woods are fitter to give rules than titles.

A U T

where thofe that call themfelves civil and rational,
go out of their way, by the autboriij of example.

Lccke*

3. Power; rule.

I know, my lord.
If law. authority, and pow'r deny not.
It will go hard with poor Antonio. Shale^are,
But 1 fuffer not a woman to teach, nor to ulurp
authority over the man, but to be in iilence.

I Tim. ii. u.

4. Support ; juftification ; countenance.

Doft thou eipcQ th' authority of their voices,
Whofe filent wills condemn thee ? Ben Jmjem.

5. Teftimony.

Something I have heard of this, which I would
be glad to find by fo fweet an authority confirmed.

mdney^

We urge authorities in things that need not, and
introduce the teftimony of ancient writers, to con-
firm things evidently believed. Brow.'s f^ulg.Err,

Having been fo hardy as to undertake a charge
againft the phllofnphy of the fthools, I was liable
to have been overborne by a torrent oi authorities.
Gianville^s Scepfis*

6. Weight of teftimony ; credibility ; co-
gency of evidence.

They confider the main confent of all the
churches in the whole world, \vitneifing the facred
authority of fcriptures. ever fitheiicc the lirft publi-
cation thereof, even till this prcfent day and hour.

Hooker,
Authoriza'tion. n.f. \_(tom authorixe.]
Eftablifhment by authority.

The obligation of laws aril'es not from their
matter, but from their admiffion and reception,
and authorization in this kingdom. Hale>

To Au'thorize. v. a. [cttitorifer, Fr.]

1. To give authority to any perfon.

Making herfelf an impudent fuitor, authorizing
herfelf very much, with making us fee, that all
favour and power depended upon her. Sidney*

Deaf to complaints, they wait upon the ill.
Till fome fafe crifis authorize their /kill. Dryden,

2. To make any thing legal.

Yourfelf firft made that titie which I claim,
Firft bid me love, and authcrisi'd my fiame. Dryd*

1 have nothing farther to defire.
But Sancho's leave to authorize our marriage.

Dryden*

To have countenanced in him irregularity, and
difobedience to that light which he had, would
have been, to have authorized diforder, confufion,
and wickednefs, in his creatures. Locke*

3. To eftablifh any thing by authority.

Lawful it is to devile any cereminy, and to au*
thorize any kind of regimen, no fpccial command-
ment being thereby violated. Hoskcr,

Thofe forms are beft which have been longcil
received and authorized in a nation by cutlom and
ufc. Temple*

4. To juftify ; to prove a thing to be right.

AH virtue lies in a power of denying our own
defires, where reafon does not authorize them.

Locke.

5. To give credit to any perfon or thing.

Although their intention be fincere, yet doth it
notorioufly ftrengthen vulgar errour, and autherixt
opinions injurious unto truth. BrovJn^syuig. Err*

Be a perfon in vogue with the multitude, he
ftiall authorize any nonfcnfc, and make incoherent
ftuff, feafoned with twang and tautology, pafs for
rhetorlck. South*

AuTo'crASY. ». f. [auTsxjaTJia, from
(itPT©-, felf, and K^a-©-, power.] Inde~
pendent power ; fupremacy.

Autocra'phical. adj. [irota autogra-
phy.] Of one's own writing. Di3.

Autography, n.f. [iinoyoapat, from
ctuTOf, and yfaipw, to write.] A particu-
lar perfon's own writing ; or the origi-
nal of a treatife, in oppofition to a copy.
Automa'ti.-

A U X

AuTOM a'tical. adj. [from «a«»«/t/e».]
Belonging to an automaton ; having the
power of moving itfelf.

Auto'maton. n. f. [a^Tof<.«Tot. In the
plural, automata.] A machine that hath

I J the fower of motion within itfelf, and

which Hands in need pf no foreign affift-
j ance. ^incy.

1 For it is greater to underhand the art, whereby

the Almighty governs the motions of the greac
autcmaton, than to have learned the intrigues of
policy. G/ami/le's Scejjis.

The particular circumllances for which the au-
tomata of this kind are moft eminent, may be
reduced to four. fViik'wj,

Auto'matous. adj. [from automaton.']
Having in itfelf the power of motion.

Clocks, or automarra^ organs, whereby we diftin-
guifii of time, have no mention in ancient writers.
Brcwtl^s yul^ar Errours.

Auto'nom Y. »./. [i.vrc,tnf/.{a.] The living
according to one's mind and prefcrip-
tion. Did.

A'uTOPsy. »,/. [ivTo^U.] Ocular de-
monllration ; feeing a thing one's felf.

^incy.

In thofc that have forked tails, autopjy convin-

ceth us, that it hath this ufe. Ray im the Crrathn.

AvTo'pT\CAL. adj. [from autof.y.] Per-
ceived by one's own eyes.

Au t o'p t I c a l l y. ad-v. [from autoptical. ]
By means of one's own eyes.

Were this Uue, it would autoftically lilence that
difpute. Br<.ivn.

That the galaxy is a meteor, was the account
of Ariftotle ; but the telelcope hath auioftkal/y
confuted it : and he, who is not Pyrthonian enough
to the dilbelief of his fenfes, may fee that it is no
exhalation. G.'anfille't Scrpfi:

A'uTUMN. n./. [autumnus, Lat.] The
feafon of the year between fumraer and
winter, beginning allronomically at the
equinox, and ending at the folftice ; po-
pularly, autumn comprifes Augull, Sep-
tember, and Oftober.

For 1 will board her, though flie chide as loud
As thunder, when the clouds in autumn crack.

^haitjpeare.

I would not be over-confident, till he hath pafled

a fpring or autumn. Wijcman'x Surgery.

The flarving brood,
Void of fufficient fuftenance, will yield
A (lender autumn. Pb'tlipt,

Autumn, nodding o'er the yellow plain,
Comei jovial on. Thomfcn.

All rv' MUM.. adj. [from autumn.'] Belong-
ing to autumn ; produced in autumn.

No Spring or fummcr's beauty hath fuch grace,
As I have feen in one autumnal face. Dinne.

Thou /halt not long
Rule In the clouds ; like an autumnal ftar,
Or lightning, thou fljalt fall. Miltcn.

Bind now up yout autumnal flowers, to prevent
fudden gufts, which will proftrate all. Eve/yn.

Not the fair fruit that on yon branches glows
With that ripe red tit' autumnal fun bellows.

Pefr.
Avu'lsion. It./, [a-vuljto, Lat.] The aft
of pulling one thing from another.

Spare not the little offjjrings, if they grow
Redundant ; but the thronging clufters thin
By kind atu-fim. Pbirtft.

The prcfTure of any ambient fluid can be nu
intelligible caufe of ihecohefion of matter; though
fuch a p-etTu e may hinder the a-vutfir.n of two po-
fiflied fuperficies one from another, in a line per-
prnHifuh'- to them. Lockt.

tJVXE'SIS. n.J. [Latin.] An increafing;
an exoinauon, wlien, lor amplification,

A W A

a more grave and magnificent word is
put inllead of the proper word.

Smith's Rhetortck.
Auxi'li AR. 1 adj. [from aa.i:;7/'aOT, Lat.]
Auxi'li ARY. J Affiltant ; helping; con-
federate.

The giant brood.
That fought at Thebes and Ilium on each fide,
Mix*d with auxiliar gods. Milton'i Par. Lrji.

Their traftates are Vittlc auxiliiiry unto ours, nor
afFord us any light to detenebrate this truth.

Brvtun's Vulgar Errours.

There is not the fmalieft capillary vein but it

is prefent with, and auxiliary to it, according to

its ufc. Hales Origin of Mankind.

Nor from -his patrimonial heav'n aline
Is Jove content to pour his vengeance down ;
Aid from his brother of the feas he craves.
To help him with auxiliary waves. Dryden.

Auxi'liar. \n.f. \iTomauxilium,\.,2il.]
Auxi'li A RY. J Helper j afllftant ; confe-
derate.

In the ftrcngth of that power, he might, with-
out the auxilidriis of any further influence, have
determined his will to a full choice of God. Scuth.

There are, indeed, a fort of underling auxiliaries
to the difficulty of a work, called commentators
and criticks. Pope.

Auxiliary Verb. A verb that helps to
conjugate other verbs.

In almuft all languages, fome of the commoneft
nf'Uns and verbs have many irregularities} fuch arc
the common auxiliary verbs, to be and to hwue, to do
and to be done, &c. IVatts.

AuxiLi a'tion. n. f. [from auxiliatus,
Lat.] Help ; aid ; fuccour. Did.

To Awa'it. -v. a. [from a and aua//. See
Wait.]

1 . To expeft ; to wait for.

Even as the wTCtch condemnM to lofe his life
Awaits the falling of the murJ'ring knife. Fairfax.

Betwixt the rocky pillars Gabriel fat.
Chief of th'argeli;k guards, <i«i<a«m^ night. Milt.

2. To attend ; to be in ftore for.

To fliew thee what reward
Awaits the good ; the reft, what punifhment.

Alil!on.
Unlefs his wrath be, apprafed, an eternity of
torments aiuaiis tire objcfts of his difpleafure.

Rogers.

Awa'it. H./. [from the verb.] Ambuih.
See Wait.

And Icaft mlfhap the moft blifs alter may ;
For thoufand perils lie in dofe await

About us daily, to work our decay. Sfen/er.

To Awa'ke. 'V. a. [peccian. Sax.] To
aivaie has the [ reterite aiuoke, or, as we
now more commonly fpeak, a'waked.]

I . To roufe out of fleep.

Take heed.
How you awake our fie eprng Iword of war. Sbake/jp.
Our friend Laz:irus lleepeth ; but I go that 1
may ati-ake him out of fleep. Johny xi. 1 1.

I. To raife from any ftate refembling fleep.
H.irk, hark, the horrid found

Has raised up his he.td :

As atvayd from tlic dead,
And amazd, he flares rounl. Dryd. St. Cacilia.

3. To put into new aftiun.

The fpark of noble corragc now awake.
And llrivc your excellent felt to excel. F. Siuten.

The fair
Repairs her fmiles, a-waktns cv'ry grace.
And calls forth all the wonders of her face. Pofe.
To Awa'ke. -v. n. To break from fltep ;
to ccafe to fleep,

Alack, I am afraid thty Vivtawak'd,
And 'tis not done I Sbakefp. Macbeth.

I awaked up lad of all, as one that gatheretn
after the grape- jath<yers. Ecduu xxxiii. 16.

A W A

Awa'ke. adj. [from the verb.] Not being
afleep ; not fleeping.

Imagination is like to work better upon fleeping
men, than men a'tvake. Baccn*

Cares (hall not keep him on the throne aivake.
Nor break the golden flumbers he would take.

Dryden.

ToAwa'ken. <v. a. i.nd.'v.n. The fame

with A-wake.

Awake Argantyr, Hervor the only daughter
Of thee and Suafu doth awaken thee. Hiekeu

To Aw.\'rd. f. a. [derived by Skinner,
fomewhat improbably, from peapb. Sax.
towards.] To adjudge ; to give any
thing by a judicial fentence.

A pound of that fame merchant's flefh is thine;
The court awards it, and the law doth give it.

Stakcffeare,

It advances that grand bufinefs, and according
to which their eternity hereafter will be atvardeJ.

Decay of Piety,

A church which allows falvation to none with-
out it, nor aivards damnation to almo.l any within-
it. South*

Satlsfadlion for every affront cannot be atvarded
by ftatcd laws. Collier on Du, Uing.

To Awa'rd. 'V. n. To judge; to deter-
mine.

1 h' unwife award to lodge it in the tow'rs.
An ofl"'ring facrcd. P-ife's OdyjTey,-

Awa'rd. »./. [from the verb.] Judg-
ment; fentence; determination.

Now hear th' award, and happy m»y it prove
To her, and him who bell deferves her love.

Dryden.'

AffcAion bribes the judgment, and we cannot

expedl an equitable award, where the judge is

made a party. Glawjille.

To urge the fbe.
Prompted by blind revenge and wild defpair.
Were .to refufe th' a*wards of Prov idence.

Addijon's Caf<.

Awa're. adv. [from a, and ivare, an old
word for tautious ; it is however, per-
haps, zxiadjeilive ; jepapian, Sax ] Ex-
cited to caution ; vigilant ; in a ftate of
alarm ; attentive.

Ere I was aware, I had left myfelf nothing 'out

the name of a king. Sidt:ey.-

Ere forrow was aware, they made his thoughti

bear away foniething elfe befides his own forrow,

Sidney's Arcadia.-

Temptations of profperit)" rnfrnuate themfclves;

fo that we are but little aware of them, and lefs-

able to vvirhftand them. Atterburv,

To Aw a' Hi. V. n. To beware; to 6e
cautious.

So warn'd he them awart themfelves ; and
Inflant, without diflurb, they took alarm.

Paradifc Lo/I,

This pafTage is by others underftood
thus : He warned thofe, who were atuare,
of themfelves.
Awa'y. ad-v. [apej, Saxon.]

1 . In a ftate of abfence ; not in any partL-
cular place.

They could make

Love to yourdrefs, although your face were tf^ViTy.

Btn Jonfon's Cataline*

It is impoUIWe to know properties that are fr»

annexed to it, th.it any of them being away, that

efTcr.ce is not there. Locke*

2. From any place or perfon^

I have a. pa n u])on my forehead here
— Wiiy that's with watching ; 'twill away again.

Slakcfpeare*

When the fowls came down upon the carcafes,

Abiaha.n drove them a-way a^jain. Gen.xv. ij.

Woul 1 you yjuljj and beauty flay.
Love hath wings, and will away. Waller,

Summer funs rolt unpcrceiv'd atcay. Pofe,

3. Let

A W F

5. Ler us go.

^lujy, old mui; give me thy band ; noay;
Kiog Lear hath loft, he and his daughter ta'cn ;
Give me thy band. Comeoa. Sbaluff.KingLair.

4. Begone.

Jhvsy, an J glifter like the god of war,
When he intendeth to become the fifld.

Sbaiifprarc's King John.

I'll to the wwds among the happier brutes :

Come, let 's tnaay ; hark, the fliriU horn refounds.

. Smifh't Phadra and Hiffoliiut.

ylv)ay, you flact'rcr I

Norchareehisgen'rous meaning. Roiae'sJ.Sbore.

5. Out of one's own hands; into the power
of fomething elfe.

It c )ncerns every man, who will not trifle away
his foul, and fo'l himfelf into irrecoicraSle mi-
fery, to enquire intu thefe matters. Tilbtfin,

6. It is often ufed with a verb ; as, to drink
anvay an eflate ; to idle aivay a manor ;
that is, to drink or idle till an eAate or
manor is gone.

He p'ay'd his life atoay* Pope,

7. On the way ; on the road : perhaps
this is the original import of the fol-
lowing phrafe.

Sir Valentine, whitiier atuay fo fad ? Shaicjf.

8. Perhaps the phrafe, he cannot aivay ivitk,
may mean, he cannot traneliiuith; he can-
not bear the company.

She never could atuay with me. Never,

never ! (he would always fay, (he could ,iot abide
Matter Shallow, Stjifffeiirj.

9. Aiuay luith. Throwaway; take away.

If you dare think of deferving our cliarms,
Aioay •with your (heephooks, and take to your
arms. DryJm.

, AWE. n.f. [eje, oj^a, Saxon.] Reveren-
' tial fear ; reverence.

They all be br; ugfit up idly, without aioe of
parents, without precepts of mailers, and without
fear of ofl^erce. Sftnjer's State af Ireland.

This thought filed upon him who is only to be
feared, G.vd : and yet with a filial fear, which at
the fame time botli fears and loves. It was avie
without amazement, and dread without di(tra6Hon.

South.

What is the proper aviie and fear, which is dur
from man to God ? Rogers.

To Awe. -v. a. [from the noun.] To ftrike
with reverence, or fear ; to keep in
fubjedion.

If you will wpik on any man, you mult eithci
know his nature and faOiIons, and fo lead him;
or his ends, and fo perfuade him; or his weak-
ne(rc8 And difadvantages, and fo anve him ; or
thofe that have interelt in him, and fo govern him.

Bacon.
Why then was this forbid ? Why, but to eioet-
Why, bu; to keep you low and ignorant.
His wur.liippers ? Mi/tor

Beav'n, that hath plac'd this ifland to give law;
To balance Europe, and her (tates to aive- fVailer
The rods and yxes of princes, and their depu-
ties, mayaw> m^ry into obedience; but thefame
of t'leir goodnefs, jiiltice, and other virtue., will
work on more. A'frhury.

A'w B B A N D . n. / [from aiue and band. ] A
check. Di£i.

A'wpuL. adj. [from (Jifi? andy*//.]
I. That which itrikes with awe, or fills
with reverence.

S ■ onofm. that '.vith honour thou may'it love
Thy matei who Ices, when iti >u art fe-n lealt wfe.
Millont Paradlfc Loji.
I approach the; thus, and gaze
. Infatiate ; 1 thus huge; nor liav' feared
Thy tiivftti Dio«, m >fe atvful thus (eti''d,
F^i-elt i -I Ttii'.af.ce of hy Miker fair ! Mth v
S. Worftjipful! inrtuthority; inverted with
dignity. Tills lenle is obfulcte.

A W K

Know, then, that fome of us are gentlemen.
Such as the fury of ungovcrn'd youth
Thrufl from the ci.mpany of av.'fut men. Shakt^f.

3. Struck with awe ; timorous ; fcrupu-
lous. This fenl'e occurs but rarely.

It is not nature and I'rltt reafon, but a weak
and a»ryi// reverence for antiquity, and the vogu.
of fallible men. Watn.

A'wFui.LY. ad'v. [from aiv/ul.'\ In a re-
verential manner.

It will concern a man, to treat this great prin-
ciple atvfully and warily, by (till obferving what
it commands, butcfpecially what it forbids. South.

A'wFULNESs. n.f. [fromatv/ul.]

1. The quality of ftriking with awe;
folemnity.

Thefe objeils naturally raife ferioufnefs; and
night heightens the aiufulmji of the place, and
pours out her fupernumerary horrours upon every
thing. ^ AddifoK.

2. The ftate of being ftruck with awe :
little ufed.

An help to prayer, producing in us reverence
and awfulnefs to the divine majiffy of God.

tayhrt Rule of Huhig holy.

To Awha'pe. "v. a. [This word I have
met with only in Spenjer, nor can 1 dif-
cover whence it is derived ; but ima-
gine, that the Teutonic language had
anciently txiapen, to ftrike, or fome fuch
word, from which -weapons, or offenfive
arms, took their denomination.] To
ftrike ; to confound ; to terrify.

Ah ! my dear goflip, anfwer'd then the ape.
Deeply d » your fad words my v/'its aivhafe .
Both for becaufe your grief doth great appear.
And eke becaufe myfelf am touched near.

HuUerd's Tale.

Awhi'le. ad'z'. [This word, generally re-
puted an adverb, is only a luhile, that is,
a time, an interval.] Some time ; fome
fpace of time.

Stay, (iay, I fay ;
And if you love me, as you fay you do.
Let me peifuade you to forbear aivbite. Sbakefp.

Into this wild abyfs the wary fiend
Stood on the brink of hell, and lonk'd anvhile.
Pond'ring his voyage. Alihdns Paradife LoJ}.

AwK. adj. [ A barbarous contrailion of the
word aniukivard.'] Odd ; out of order.

We have heard as arrant jangling in the pul-
pits, as the (leeples ; and profelTors ringing as aivh
as the bells to give notice of the conflagi a. ion.

VEflrange.

A'wKWARD. adj. [aepanb, Saxon; that is,

backward, untoward.]
I. Inelegant; unpolite ; untaught; un-

genteel.

Proud Italy,
Whofe manners (till our tardy, apifli nation
Limps alter in bafe anvktvard imitation. Shahfp.

Their own language is worthy their care ; and
rhey are judged of by their handfome ox aiukivard
way of exprcliing themfelves in it. Locke.

An atvktvard (hame, or fear of ill ufage, has a
(hare in this conduct. Swift'

z. Unready; unhandy; not dexterous;
clumfy.

Si -w to rcfolvc, but in performance quick;
So true, that he Wisaiv^tvard at a trick. Dryden.

3. Perverfe ; untoward.

A kind and cnnftant friend
To all that regularly olfcna ;
But W.1S implacable, and atuktvard.
To ail that interlop'd and h.i"ii<r'd. Hudibrai.
A'wKWARDLY. adv. [from atvi-ivard.]
Clumfily; unreadily ; inek-gantly ; un-
gainly.
Pametai nodding from the walle upwards, and

A W O

fwearing he never knew a man go more evikvtarJly
to work. Sidney.

When any thing is done avihwardly, the com-
mon faying will pafs upon them, that it is fuiiable
to their breeding. Locke,

If any pretty creature is void of genius, and
would pcrtorm her part but a'wkiuartiiy, I mud
ncverthelefs infilt upon her working. yiddifon.

She (till renews the ancient fcene ;
Forgets the forty j-ears between ;
jliokwardly gay, and oddly merry;
Her (carf pale pink, her head-knot cherry. Prior,

If a man be taught to hold his pen atukxvardiyf
yet writes fulBciently well, it is not worthwhile
to teach him the accurate methods of handling that
inftrument. H^alti'i Improvement 0/ the MM.

A'WKWARDNESS. »./. [ftom a'wk-ward.'\
Inelegance ; want of gentility ; odd-
nefs ; unfuitablenefs.

One m >y obferve awkzvardne/s !o the Italians,
which eafily difcovcrs their airs not to be natural.

jiddijcn.

All his airs of behaviour have a certain aiok-
•teardnffi in them ; but theft awkward airs ate
worn away in company.

fyttrts's Impnvetr.ent of the Mind.

AwL. n. f. [aele, ale. Sax.] A pointed
inftrument to bore holes. .»

He which was minded to make himfelf a per-
petual fcrvant, ihauld, for a vilible token there-
of, have aUu his ear bored through with an avil.

Hooker..

You may likcwife prick many holes with aa

awl, about a joint that will lie in the earth. '

Alortinier' s Hujhandry.

A'wLEss. adj. [from awe, and the nega-
tive lei}.']

1. Wanting reverence; void of refpeft-
ful fear.

Againft whofe fury, and the unmatched force,
The awlefs lion could not wage the fight. Sbakefp,

He claims the bull with aiuleft infolence.
And having feiz'd his horns, accoAs the prince.

Diydcn.

2. Wanting the power of caufmg rever-
ence.

Ah mc.l 1 fee the ruin of my houfe ;
The tyger now hath feiz'd the gentle hind i
Inlulcing tyranny begins to jut
Upon the iimocent and awleh throne.

Sh^ikfp. Rich. III.

AwME, or AuME. n. /. A Dutch meafure
of capacity for liquids, containing eight
fteckans, or twenty verges or verteels ;
anfwering to what in England is called
a tierce, or one-fixth of a ton of France,
or one-feventh of an Englilh ton.

Arbuthnot.

AwN. n.f. [«r//?a, Lat.] The beard grow-
ing out of the corn or grafs. Chambers.

A'wNiNG. n.f. A cover fpread over a
boat or veflel, to keep off the weather.

of thefe boards I made an a'wning over jne.

Rab.nfon Crufee.

Awo'k e. The preterite from atuake.

And (he fai J, th^ Phililtines be upon thee, Samp-
fon. And he uiu^ke out of his (leep.

Judgts, xvi. 20.

Awo'rk. ad'v. [from (T and ti/cr^.] On
work ; into a ftate of labour ; into a£Uon.

So af.e. Pyrihus" paufe,
Aroufed vengeance fets him new awork. Sbakefp.
By prcfcribing the condition, it fets us awirk
to t!ie pcrtormaiiccs of it, and that by living well.

Hammond,

Awo'rking. adj. [from anaork.] Into the
ftate of working.

L.iig they thus travelled, yet never met
Adventure which might them uworking f't.

Huhherd's Tale.

Awry'.

A X I

Awry', adv, [from a and at'ry.]

I. Not in a ftraight direftion ; obliquely.

But her lad cy ,, Ibii fall'r.ed r,n the ground,
Arc governed with ^o d:y modefty ;
That fu9crs not one look to glance atiiry.
Which may let in a litje thought unlound.

Like perfpeai\e8, which rightly gaz'd upon,
Shew nothing but confufial j eyed awry,
Diftinguift form. Shaicff. Rchardll.

A viole it croi's wind, from either coaft.
Blows thenri tranfveiie, ten thouiand leagues mvry
Into the devious aT, MUtcn*

t. Aiquint ; with obliqne viCon.

\ ou know the king
Wi :h jea'ous eyes has look'd awry
Oil h'S ion'i adtions. Dertbam'i So[>hy^

3. Not in the right or true diretlion.

1 hap to ftep ^ivryt where i fee no path, and can
difcsm but few fteps afore me. Brernvaod,

4. Not equally between two points ; un-
evenly.

Not tyrants fierce that unrepenting die.
Not Cynthia when her manceau 's plnnM aviryy
Ere felt fuch rage. Pcpt,

5. Not according to right reafon ; per-
verfely.

AU aiurSf and which wried it to the moft wry
courfe of all, wit abufed, rather to feign reafon
why it ihould be amifs, than how it ihould be
amended. Sidney.

Much of the foul they talk, but all atory.
And in themfelves feek virtu«, and to tbemlelves
All glory arrogate, to God give none. Milton.

Axe. n.f. [eax, acj-e. Sax. a/cia. Lat.]
An inftrument confifting of a metal head,
with a (harp edge, fixed in a helve or
handle, to cut with.

-No metal can,
No, not the hangman's axt, bear half the keennefs
Of thy fliarp envy. Shakeffiare.

There ftood a foreft on the mountain's brow,
Which overlook'd the (haded plains below ;
No founding axe prefum'd thefe trees to bite.
Coeval with the world ; a venerable fi^ht.

Drydtn.
AXTLLA. n.f. [axilla, Lat.] The ca-
vity under the upper part of the arm,
called the arm-pit. i^mcy.

Axi'liar. ladj. [from a;v///<j, Lat.] Be-
A'xiLLARY. J longing to the arm-pit.

Axillary artery is diCr.buied unto the hand;
belr.w the cubit, it divideth into two parts. Brrmin.

A'xiOM. »./ [ajcitma, Lat. a^iufta, from

a^Uuf Gr.]
I. A propofition evident at firft fight, that

AYE

cannot be made plainer by demonftra-
tion.

Axioms, or principles more general, are fuch as
this, tiut the greater good is to be chofcn bef re
the lefler. H.^k.r.

2. An eftabli(hed principle to be granted
without new proof.

The axiomi oi chat law, whereby natural agen*s
are guided, have their ufe in the moral. Hcoker.

Their afhrmations are no axiomi \ we efteem
thereof as things unfaid, and account them but
in lift oi nothing. Brown.

A'xis. »./ [axis, La.t.] The line real or
imaginary that partes through any thing,
on which it may revolve.

But fince they fay our earth, from mom to mom.
On its own axis is obiigM to turn ;
That fwift rotation muft difperfe in air
All things which on the rapid orb appear.

Slackmcre.

It might annually have compafled the fun, and
yet never have once turned upon its axis. Btntley.

On th"ir own axii as the planets run.
And make at once their circ.e round the fun ;
So two confiftent motions a£l the foul.
And one regards itfclf, and one the wh.le. Pope.

A'xLE. X"-/- [axis, Lat.] The

A'xLE-TREE. J pin which paffes through
the midft of the wheel, on which the
circumvolutions of the wheel arc per-
formed.

Venerable Neftor
Should with a bond of air, ftrong as the axte-tree
On which heav'n rides, knit all the Grecian ears
To his eiperienc'd tongue. Shakeffeare.

The fly fat upon the axle-tree, of the chariot-
wheel, and faid. What a durt do I raife I Bacon,
And the gilded car of day
His glowing axle doth allay
In the fteep Atlantick rtream. Itfilton,

He faw a greater fun appear,
Than his bright throne or burning axle-tree could
bear. MUion's Chriji's Nativity,

Ay. ati-v. [perhaps from aio, Lat.]

1. Yes; &n ad'verl) of anfwering affirma-
tively.

Return you thither ?— —
—Ay, madam, with the fwifcell wing of fpeed.

Shakefpeare.

What fay'ft thou ? Wilt thou be of ourconfort .'
Sav ay, and be the captain of us all. ShakeCfcaie.

2. It is a word by which the fenfe is en-
forced ; even; yes, certainly; and more
than that.

Remember it, and let it make thee creft faU'n;
Ay, and allay this thy abonive pride. Stakejfei^re.

Aye.- ai/v. [apa, Saxon.] Always ; to

A Z U

eternity ; for ever. It is now rarely ufed,
and only in poetry.

And jiowin darklome flungeon, wretched thraU,
Rtmedylefi i'tu- ay. he doth him hold. Tairy ^een.

Either prepare to die.
Or on Diana's altar to pr^'tei^.
For aye, aufterity and fingle life. Shaiefpeare*

The f lul, th lugh made in time, furvives f )r ayei
And, though it hath beginning, fees no end.

Sir J. Davics*

And hears the mufes, in a ring.
Aye round about Jove's altars fing. Milton*

Th' allinifli'd mariners aye ply the punvp;
No ftay, nor reft, till the wide breach is clos'd.

Philifs.

A'ygreen. n.f. The fame with hoi//i~
leek ; which fee. Dicl.

A'yry. n.f. The neft of the hawk.

1 (h'uld difcourfc on the brancher, ihe haggard,
and then treat of their feveral ayries.

ffalton's Argler,
A'ziMUTH. n.f. [Arab.]

1 . The aximuth of the fun, or of a ftar, is
an arch between the meridian of the
place, and any given vertical line.

2. Magnelical Az,i?nulh, is an arch of the
horizon contained between the fun's
aximuth circle and the mag lelical me-
ridian ; or it is the appaie.it dillance
of the fun from the north or fouth point
of the compafs.

3. Azimuth Compafs, is an inftrument ufe.}
at fea for finding the fun's magnetic
az,imuth.

4. Ax.imuth Dial, is a dial whofe ftile or
gnomon is at right angles to the plane
of the horizon. |

5. Azimuths, called alfo vertical circles,
are great circles interfering each other
in the zenith and nadir, and cutting
the horizon at right angles, in all the
points thereof. Chambers.

Azure, adj. [axttr, Fr. azurro. Span.
lazur, Arab, from lazuli, a blue ftone.]
Blue ; faint blue.

Like pomcls round of marble clear, .
Where axur'd veins well mixt appear. Sidney.

The blue of the firft order, though very faint
and little, may be the colour of fome fubftance ;
and the azure colour of the Ikies feems to be this
order. Newton.

Thus replies
Minerva, graceful with her azure eyes. Pofe,

The fea,
Far through his axure turbulent domalo.
Your empire owns. Thcmfn,

B.

B.

BAB

RThe fecond letter of the Englilh
alphabet, is pronounced as in
y moll other European languages,
by preffing the whole length of the lips
together, and forcing them open with a
ftrong breath. It has a near affinity
with the other labial letters, and is
confounded by the Germans with P.
and by the Gafcons with f^ ; from which
an epigrammatift remarks, that iiiire
and •vi'vere are in Gafcony the fame.
The Spaniards, in mod words, ufe B or
F indifferently.
Baa. «./. [See the verb.] The cry of a
iheep.

—Therefore thou art a flieep
Such another proof would make me cry iaa. Shah.
To Baa. i;. «. [ialo, Lat.] To cry like
a Iheep.

Or like a lamb, whofe dam away is fet,
He treble iraas for help, but none can get. Sidney*
To Ba'bble. V, n, HabbeUn, Germ, ba-
bilhr, Fr.]

1. To prattle like a child ; to prate im-
perfeSly.

My babbl'mg praifes I repeat no more.
But hear, rejoice, ftand filent, and adoie. PnnfM

2. To talk idly, or irrationally.

John had conned over a catalogue of hard
words j thefe he ufed to iaitli indifterently in all
companies. ylrhuthnot.

Let the filent fanftuary Oiow,
What from the babblirtg fchools we may noE know.

Prior,

3. To talk thoughtlefsly ; to tell fecrets.

There is more danger in a referved and i'llent
friend, than in a noify babb/ing enemy. L'Eftrange,

i|.. To talk much.

The babbling Kho mocks the hounds,
Replying flirilly to the well-tun'd horns.
As if a double hunt were heard at one?. Sbatejp.
And had I pow'r to give th.it knowledge birth,
In all the fpeeches of ,he babbling earth. Prior.

The babbling echo had dcfcry'd his face ;
She, who in other's words her filence breaks.

Mdifin.

Ba'bble. «. / [babil, Fr.] Idle talk;
fenfelefs prattle.

This babble (hall not henceforth trouble me ;

Here it a coil with proteftation. Sbake//>eare<

Come, no more,

Thii i< meer moral babble. Milton.

With volleys of eternal babble,

And clamour more unanfwerable. Iludibrai.

The babble, impertinence, and folly, I have

taken notice of in difputes. Glanvitle.

Ba'bblement. «._/. [irom babble."^ Senfe-
lefs prate ; empty words.

Deluded all this while w.th ragged notions and
iab'^Umenti, while they expelled worthy and de-
lightful knowledge.
Babbler. «./ [from babble.]
I. An idle talker ; an irrational prattler.

We h lid our tims too precious to be (pent
With fuch a babbler, Shakejfeare.

BAG

The apoftle had no fooner propofed it to the
mailers at Athens, but he himfelf was ridiculed
as a babbler. Rtgers.

2. A teller of fecrets.

Utterert of fecrets he from thence debarr'd ;
Babbler! of folly, and blazers of crime. Fairy ^
Great babblers, or talkers, are not fit for truft.

L'Eflrange.

Babe. n. /. [baban, Wellh ; babbaerd,
Dutch ; bambino, Italian.] An infant ;
a child of either fex.

Thofe that do teach your babeit
Do it with gentle means, and eafy taflcs j
He might have chid me fo : for, in good faith,
1 am a child to chiding. Shakefpeare.

Nor fliall Sebaflian's formidable name
Be longer us'd, to lull the crying babe. Dryden.

The babe had all that infant care beguiles.
And early knew his mother in her fmiles. Dryd.

Ba'bery. n.f. [from babe.] Finery to
pleafe a babe or child.

So have I fccn trim books in velvet dight.
With golden leaves and painted babery
Of feely boys, pleale unacquainted fight. Sidney.
Ba'bish. ailj. [frova babe.] Chiidifh.
]f he be baihful, and will foon blulh, they call
him a bahijh and ill brought up thing. AJciam.
Babo'on. n. /. [babouht, Fr. It is fup-
pofed by Skinner to be the augmentation
oi babe, and to import a. great babe.] A
monkey of the largell kind.

You had looked through the grate like a gemlny
of baboons. Shakefpeare.

He call every human feature out of his coun-
tenance, and became a baboon. Addijln.

Ba'by. n.f. [See Babe.]

1. A child; an infant.

The baby beats the nurfe, and quite athwart
Goes all decorum. Shakefpeare.

The child muft have fugar-plums, rather than
make the poor baby cry. Lockf.

He muft marry, and propagate: the father can-
not ftay for the portion, nor the mother for babes
to play with. Locke.

2. A fmall image in imitation of a child,
which girls play with.

The archduke f.iw that Perkin weald prove a
runnagate ; and it was the part ofxchildren to
fall out about babies. Bacon.

Since no imyge can reprefent the great Creator,
never think to honour him by your fuoliih pup-
pets, and babies of dirt and clay. Stiilingjieet.
Ba'ccated. «<^'. [baccatusy'Li.t.] Befet
with pearls ; having many berries. Diii.
Bacch an a'li AN. n.f. [from bacchana-
lia, Lat.] A riotous perlon ; a drunk-
ard.
Ba CCHANALS. n. f. \bacchanaUa, Lat.]
The drunken feails and revels of Bac
chus, the god of wine.

Ha, my brave emperor, (hall we dance now the
Egyptian iacchanah, and celebrate our drink ? Shak.
What wild tury was there in the heathen bac-
chanals, which we have not feen equalled }

Decay of Piety.
Both extremes were banlih'd from their walls,
Cartbufian fafts, and fulfomc bacchanuis. Pope.

BAC

Ba'cchus bole. n.f. A flower not tall,
but very full and broad-leaved. Mortim.

Bacci'ferous. adj. [from bacca, a berry,
aw&fero, to bear, Lat.] Berry-bearing.

Bacciferous trees are of four kinds.

1. Such as bear a caliculate or naked berry ; the
flower and calix both failing off together, and
leaving the berry bare ; as the faflafras trees.

2. Such as have a naked monofpermous fruit,
that is, containing in it only one feed ; as the
arbutes.

3. Such as hare but polyfpermous fruit, that Is,
containing two or more kernels or feeds within it;
as the jeTminum, ligultrum.

4. Such as have their fruit compofed of many
acini, or round foft balls fet clofe together like a
bunch of grapes ; as the uva marina. Ray.

Bacci'vorous. adj. [from bacca, a berry,
and i>i>ro, to devour, Lat.] Devouring
berries. Di£}.

Ba'chelor. n. /. [This is a word of
very uncertain etymology, it not being
well known what was its original fenfe.
Junius derives it from ^i.r.ri\®', foolilh ;
Menage, from bas chevalier, a knight of
the lowed rank ; Spelman, from baculus,
a ftaff ; Citjas, from buccella, an allow-
ance of provifion. The moft probable
derivation feems to be from bacca /auras,
the berry of a laurel or bay ; bachelors
being young, are of good hopes, like
laurels in the berry. Dr. Lawrence ob-
ferved, ih-ax. Menage' s etymology is much
confirmed by the pradice in our univer-
fities of calling a Bachelor, Sir. In
Latin, baccalaureus .]

1 . A man unmarried.

Such fcparation
Becomes a virtuous bachekr and a maid. Shakejfi*

The haunting of diiTolute places, or refort to
courtefans, are no more puniihed in married men
than in bachfhrs. Bacon,

A true painter naturally delights in the liberty
which belongs to th; bachelor'^ eftate. Dryden.

Let fmful bachelors their woes deplore.
Full well they merit alt they (eel, and more. Pope,

2. A man who takes his firft degrees at
the unlverfity in any profeffion.

Being a boy, new bachd^r of arcs, 1 chanced to

fpeak againft the pope. Ajcham.

1 appear before y.tur honour, in behalf of Marti-

nus Scrihierus, bachelor of phyfic. A4art. Scilhlerus.

2. A knight of the loweit order. This is

a fenfe now little ufed.
Ba'chelorship. n.f. [frarr^ bachelor.]

The condition of a bachelor.

Her mother, living yet, tan teftify.
She was the firit fruit of my bachelorship. Shakefp,

BACK. »./. [bac, baec. Sax. bach. Germ.]
I . The hinder part of the body, from the
neck to the thighs.

Part following enter, part remain without,
And mount on others backs, in h'pcs to Ihare.

Dryden,

2. The

BAG

t. The outer part of the hand when it
is (hut : oppofed to the fa/m.

Mechiught love, pitying me, when he faw this,
Gave me your hands, the lacks and palms Co kifs.

Donne,

3. The outward part of the body; that
which requires clothes : oppofed to the

Thofe who, by their anceftors, have been fet free
from a conllant drudgery to their tacks and their
bellies, Ihould bellow fome time on iheir heads.

Locke,

4. The rear : oppofed to the 'vci/i.

He might conclude, that Walter would be upon
the k.ing'sJ/ackt as his majcHy was upon his. Clarend,

5. The place behind.

As the voice goeth round, as well towards the
hack as towards the front of him that fpealccth, To
docs the echo : for you have many hack echoes to
the place where you ftand. Bacon.

Anthcus, Sergeftus grave, Clcanthus llrong.
And at their hacks a mighty Trojan throng. Pryd.

6. The part of any thing out of fight.

Trees fet upon the hachs of chlmnies Jo ripen
fruit fooner. Bacon s Natural Hifiory.

7. The thick part of any tool oppofed to
the edge ; as the back of a knife or
fword : whence back/ivord, or fword with
a back ; as.

Bull dreaded not old I.ewis either at hackfiuord,
Hngle faulchion, or cudgel-play. Arbuthnot,

8. To turn the back on one ; to forfake
him, or negleft him.

At the hour of death, all friendjhips of the world
bid him adieu, and tlie whole creation turns its
hack upon him. S-jufh.

9. To turn the back ; to go away ; to be
not within the reach of taking cogni-
zance.

His hack was no fooner turned, but they returned
to their former rebellion, Sir^» Dai'ics.

Back. adv. [from the noun.]

1. To the place from which one came.

Back you IhaJ not to the houfe, untefs
Vou undertake that with me. Sbukejp/ari.

He fent many to feck the fliip Argo, threatening
that if they brought not back Medea, they Ihould
fufter in he Head. Raleigh's HJiory of the IforlJ.

Where they are, and why they came not back.
Is nosv the labour of my thoughts. Mi/lon.

Back to thy native iHand might'H thou fail.
And lea\e half-heard the melancholy tale. fife.

2. Backward ; as retreating from the pre-
fent ftation.

I've been furprij'd in an unguarded hour,
But muft not now go back ; the love, that lay
Half fmoihei'd in my breajl, has broke through all
Its weak reftraintf. Addijon.

3. Behind ; not coming forward.

I thought to promote thee unto gicat Iionour;

but lo the Lord hath k'pt thee back from honour.

Numh- xxiv. 1 1.

Conftrain the glebe, keep tack the hurtful wjed.

Blackn:ore.

4. Towards things part.

I had always a tuiioU;y to look back unto the
fources of things, and to view in my mind the b.'
ginning and progrcu of a r iing world. Burnet,

J. Again ; in return.

Tne 1.1 ly '« ma.; ; yet if "twcre fo,
She could not fw y her houf,-, command her fol-
lowers,
Tjk'J ami g.vr hack .iffairi, and their difpatch.
With fttcb a fmuoth, decreet, and liable bearing.

Shakejfearc,

6. Again ; a fecond time.

This ';alar found, and that ua^ratefut aj'*,
With lofing him, went i<»< * to bl'iod and raijr. h'alUr.

The epiltlei Be.ng written rro.ii ladies forfikcn
by t!\rir lovers, many thoughts caioe back n-on m
in divcri letteti. Vrydtti.

Vol. I. J

B A C

To Back. v. a. [from the noun Uck.]

1. To mount on the back of horfe.

That roan Ihall be my throne.
Well, I will hack him ftrait. © Efperance !
Bid Butler lead him forth into the park. Shakefp.

2. To break a horfe ; to train him to bear
upon his back.

Uireft us how to back the winged horfe ;
Favour his (light, and moderate his courfe.

Rofcommon,

3. To place upon the back.

As I flept, methought
Great Jupiter, upon his eagle back'd,
Appeai'd to me. Sbakeffearc,

4. To maintain ; to ftrengthen ; to fupport ;
to defend.

Belike he means,
Back'd by the povv'r of Warwick, that falfc peer,
T' afpire unto the crown. Hhakeffeare,

You are Itiait enough in the (houldcrs, you care
not who fees your back : call you that backing ot
your friends ? a plague upon fuch backing ! give
me them that will face me. Shakejfearc.

Thefe were feconded by certain demilaunccs, and
botli backed with men at arms. Sir 'J. Haytxard.

Did they not fwear, in exprefs words.
To prop and back the houfe of lords ?
And after turn'd out the whole houfeful. Ifudiiras,

A great malice, tacked with a great intered, can
have no advantage of a man, but from his ex-
peftations of fomething without himfelf. Souib.

Howfliall we treat this bold afpiring man >
Succefs ftill follows him, and tacks his crimes.

Addifon,

5. Tojuftify; to fupport.

The patrons of the ternary number of princi-
ples, and thofo that would have live elements,
endeavour to tack their experiments with a fpe-
cious reafon. Boyle.

We have I know not how many adages to tack
the reafon of this moral, L'£J}range.

6. To fecond.

Fadious, and fav'ring this or t'other lide.
Their wagers iafji their wilhes. Drydcn.

To B a'c K B I T E. 1/. «. [from back and bite.'\
To cenfure or reproach the abfent.

Mnft untruly and niiiicioudy do tlicfc evil
tongues lackbite and ilander the facred alhes of
that perfonage. Sfenjir.

I will ufe bim well ; a frend i' th' court is better
thin a penny in purlc. Ufe his men well, Davy,
for they are arrant knaves, and will backbite,

Shakefpearc.

Ba'ckbitbr. n,/. [from backbite.'] A
privy calumniator ; a cenfurer of the
abfent.

No body is bound to look upon hit backbiter, or
his undcrminer, his betrayer, or his opprelTor, as
his friend. Soult.

Ba'ckbone. k./. [from back and bone,]
The bone of the back.

'I he hackU^ne fiioulJ be oividcd into many vcr-
tebres ror commodijus bending, and not to be one
entire rigid bnne. Ray,

Ba'ckcarry. Having on tfie back,

Manwoori, in his forrit Jaws, noceth it for one
of the four cirruml^aii e«, nr cjfes, wiiercin a
foreftcrmay arrcl> an offender .igainft veit or veri-
fon in theforcft, xiji, ftable-lland, dog-draw, baik-
carry, and bloody hand. Cowcll.

Ba'ckdoor. ». /, [from back and Jcor.]
The door behind the houi'e ; privy pal-
fage.

I he proceflion duift not return by the way it
came J but, after the devotion of tiie monks, pafieti
out at a bacldt.or of the Conv;r.t. Addiy.n.

I'.ipery, whi>^h is f.j lar (hut out as not tj re-
enter openly, is Sealing in by the backdmr of atlic-

ifm. Atttrbury.

Ba'ckbd. adj. [from back.] Having a
back.

BAG

Lofty-neck'd,
Sharp -teaded, barrel-bellied, broadly hacked. Eryd.
Ba'ckfriend. b. /. [from back and
friend.] A friend backwards ; that is,
an enemy in fecret.

Set the reftlefs importunities of taleliearers and
backfriends againft fair words and profefli 'ns.

fj Ef range.
Far is our church from Incroaching upon the ci-
vil power ; as fome, who arc backfriends to boih,
would malicioufly infinuate. Soufhm

Backca'mmon. Tt. /. [from bacb gam^
Mor, Weifh, a little battle.] A play or
game at tables, with box and dice.

In what eileera are you with the vicar of the
parilh ? can you play with him at backgawntcn f

Siefi.

Ba'ck HOUSE, ft./, [from tack &n<i bou/e.']
The buildings behind the chief pait of
the houfe.

Their hackboufcs, of mor« neceffary tbati cleanlf
fervice, as kitchens, llabies, are climbed up unto
by rteps. Carevf*

Ba'ckpiece. »._/! [from bad and piece.]
The piece of armour which covers the
back.

The morning that he was to join battle, hT»
armourer put on his backfitce before, and his breaft.
plate beiiind. Camden,

Ba'ckroom. n,/, \Jrom back and raoai.]
A room behind ; not in the front.

If you have a fair profpctl backwards of gar-
dens, it may be convenient to make lackraoms the
larger. Max, Mccb, Exercifexm

Ba'ckside^ n.f. [from back a.nAJide.]

1. The hinder part of any thing.

If the quickfilver were rubbed fom the i«ri/£fe
of the fpecuUim, the gb.fs would caufe the fame
rings of colours, but mo;e faint ; the phienomena
depend not upon the quickfilver, unlofs fo far as it
encreafes the teHettion of the backfuie of the glafs.

Nenuton,

2. The hind part of an animal.

A po.ir ant carries a grain of corn, climbing up
a wa'l with her head downwards and her buckJitU
upwards. At.diJoM*

3. The yard or ground behind a houfe.

The walh of paftures, fields, commons, roads,
ftrects, or backjides, are of great advantage to all
forts of land, Mortimer,

To Backsli'be, v, n, [from back and
pde.] To 'fall off; to apoftatize : a
word only ufed by divines.

Hall thou feea that which hackfiiding Ifracl
hath done ? She is gone up upon every high
mountain, aod under every green tree. "Jcnai.tb,

Backsli'der. n.f. \ixombackfltJe.] Aw
apoftate.

The hackjlidcr in heart fhall be filled, Fro^>crhi,
Ba'ckstakk. n.f, [froai back and /cjf;
becaufe, in taking an obfervation, the
ob;erver's back is turned towards tha
fun.] An inftniment ufcful in taking
the fun's aliiiudc at fea ; invented by
Captain Davies.
^ a'c K s T Ai R s . II. /, [from /ack :in(ljJairs.]
The private ft.urs in the hoiifc.

I CLiidemn the practice whicli hatli lately crept
inti the court at'thc bacijiairs, that fome pricked
f>r flicrti'i get out of the bill. Bacon.

Ba'ckstays. n.f, [from back M\d Jiaji,]
Ropes or Hays which keep the marts of a
(hip from pitching forwarder overboard.

BA'cicswoRn. n.f. [i'rom back 'indf<ivoyd.]
A fword with one Iharp edge.

Bull dre.ideJ not cl ! Lewi; at tei-'/tvord,

ytrbntinot,

T Ba'ck-

B A C

Ba'ckwahd. 7 "'''I'' [from lad, and
Ba'ckwards. 3 peapb. Sax. that is, to-
wards the back ; contrary to forwards.]
1. With the back forwards.

They ventiackwarJ, and their faces were back-
ward. Genets*

z. Towards the back.

In leaping with weights, the arms are firft caft
tackwards, and then forwards, with fo much the
greater force ; for the hands go hackward before
they take their rife. Baccn.

3. On the back.

' Then darting fire from her malignant eyes,
Siir ci" him haclnoard as he drove to rife. Dryd.

4. From the prefent ftation to the place
beyond the back.

We might have met them dareful, beard to beard.
And beat them hack-ward home. Shaktffmri.

The monftrous fight
Struck them with horrour backward; but farworfe
Urg'd them behind. Milton.

5. Regreffively.

Arc not the rays of light, in pafling by the edges
and fides of bodies, bent feveral times hack-wards
and forwards with a motion like that of an eel ?

Nc-iotsn.

6. Towards fomething paft.

To prove the poflibility of a thing, there is no
argument to that vth\ch\ooks hack-wards; for what
has been done or fuffered may certainly be done or
fofFerfd again. South.

7. Reflex.

No, doubtlefs ; for the mind can lack-ward caft
Upon herfelf, her underftanding light. SirJ. Da-vies.

8. From a better to a worfe ftate.

The w ork went backward; and the more he ftrove
T' advance the fuit, the farther from her love. Dryd.

9. Paft ; in time paft.

They have fpread one of the worft languages in
the world, if we look upon it fome reigns hack-
tvard* Locke.

10. Ferverfely; from the wrong end.

I never yet faw man,
But (he would fpell him back-ward; if fair-fac'd.
She'd fwear the gentleman ftiouid be her filler j
If black, why, nature, drawing of an antick,
Made a foul blot ; if tall, a launce iil-hcaded.

Sbakefpeare.
Ba'ckward. adj.

1. Unwilling; averfe.

Our mutability makes the friends of our nation
hack-ward to engage with us in alliances, ylddijm.

We are ftrangely hack-ward to lay hold of this
fafe, this only method of cure. Atierbury.'

Cities laid wafte, they ftorm'd the dens and caves;
For wifer brutes are hack-ward to be Haves. Pefe.

2. Hefitating.

All things are ready, if our minds be fo :
Perifli the man, whofe mind is backward now !

Sbakejpeare,

3. Sluggifli ; dilatory.

The mind is backward to undergo the fatigue
of weighing every argument. ' JVatts.

4. Dull ; not quick or apprehenfive.

It often falls out, that the backward learner
makes amends another way. Souib.

5. Late ; coming after fomething elfe : as,
tacituarJ fruits ; iaci-uiard children :
fruits long in ripening ; children flow
of growth.

Ba'ckward. ». /. The things or ftate
behind or paft : poetical.

What fecit thou elfe
In the dark backward 01 abyfm of time ? Sbakefp.
Ba'ckwardly. adv. [from backward.']
I. Unwillingly} averfely ; with the back
forward.

Like Numid lions by the hunters chas'd^ < |

Though they do fly, ye; ^aciward/y lio go
With proud afpe£t, diiditiijing greater baite. Sidney

FAD

2. Perverfely ; or with cold hope.

I was the firft man
That e'er receiv'd gift from him ;
And does he think fo backwardJy of me.
That I'll requite it laft ? Shaki/feare.

Ba'ckward NESS. »./ [from iad-ward.]

1. Dulnefs ; unwillingnefs ; fluggiflinefs.

The thing by which we are apt to cxcufe our
backwardnejs to good works, is the ill fuccefs that
hath been obferved to attend well-defigning chari-
ties, jitterbury.

2. Slownefsof progreflion; tardinefs.
Ba'con. ». /. [probably from baken, that

is, dried flefti.]

1, The flefti of a hog falted and dried.

High o'er the hearth a chine of bacm hung,
Good old Philemon feiz'd it with a prong.
Then cut a flice. Drydeti.

2, To fave the bacon, is a phrafc for pre-
ferving one's felf from being hurt ; bor-
rowed from the care of houfewives in
the country, where they have feldom
any other proviflon in the houfe than
dried bacon, to lecure it from the march-
ing foldiers.

What frightens you thus, my good fon ? fays

the priell j
You murder'd, are forry, and have been confeft.
O father! my forrow will fcarce fave my bacon ;
For 'twas not that I murder'd, but that I was

taken. Prior.

Baculo'metry. »./ [from baculus, Lat.
and fifT^ov.] The art of meafuring dif-
tances by one or more ftaves. Di3.

BAD. adj. [quoad, Dutch; compar. •z«or/J;
fuperl. itwy/.J

1 . Ill ; not good : a general word ufed in
regard to phyfical or moral faults, either
of men or things.

Mod men have politicks enough to make,
through violence, the beft fcheme of government
a bad one. Pofe.

2. Vitiou3 ; corrupt.

Thou may'ft repent.
And one bad aft, with many deeds well done,
May'ft cover. Milton.

Thus will the latter, as the former, world
Still tend from had to worfe. Milton.

Our unhappy fates
Mix thee araongft the bad, or make thee run
Too near the paths which virtue bids thee Ihun.

Prior.

3. Unfortunate ; unhappy.

The fun his annual coutfe obliquely made,
Good days contrafled, and enlarg'd the had. Dryd.

4. Hurtful ; unwholefome ; mifchievous ;
pernicious : with_/or.

Reading was bad for his eyes, writing made his
head ake. Addijon.

5. Sick : with of; as, bad of 3. fever.
n ■ J The preterite of bid.

And for an earned of greater honour,
He hade mc, from him, call thee Thane of Caw-
dcr. Sbakcfpeare.

Badge, n.f. [A word of uncertain etymo-
logy ; derived by Junius from bcde or
bade, a meflenger, and fuppofed to be
corrupted from badage, the credential of
a meflenger ; but taken by Skinner and
Minjhe-w from bagghe, Dut. a jewel, or
bague, Fr. a ring. It feems to come from
bajulo, to carry, Lat.]

1. A mark or cognizance worn to fliew
the relation of the wearer to any perfon
pr thing.

But on his bread a blocSy crofs hebjre.
The dear reftmblMC; of his dying lord j

B A F

For whofe fweet fake that glorious badge h< wore*

Spenjir,
The outward fplcndour of his office, is the badge
and token of that (acred charadter which he in-
wardly bears. jitterbury,

2. A token by which one is known.

A favage tygtefs on her hcknet lies ;
The famous badge Clarinda us'd to bear. Fairfax^

3 . The mark or token of any thing.

There appears much joy in him ; even fo much,
that joy could not (hew itfelf modell enough, with-
out a badge of bitterncfs. Sbakef/>eare,
Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge. &bukcj[>*
Let him not bear the badges of a wreck,
Nor beg with a blue table on his back. Drydcp.

To Badge, f. a. [from the noun.] To
mark as with a badge.'

Your royal father's murder'd 1
Oh, by whom ? 1 -
Thofe of his chamber, as it feem'd, had done 't;
Their hands and faces were all badg^d with blood.
So were their daggers. Shakejbeare»

Ba'dger. n.f. \bedour, Fr. melts, Lat.J
An animal that earths in the grouncC
ufed to be hunted.

That a brock, or badger, hath legs of one fide
(liorter than the other, is received not only by theo-
rids and unexperienced believers, but mod who
behold them daily. Broivn^

Ba'dger-lecged. adj. [from badger and
legged.] Having legs of an unequal
length, as the badger is fuppofed to
have.

His body crooked all over, big-bellicd, hadgir-
legged, and his complexion fwarthy. VEJiravgCm

Ba'dger. n.f. [perhaps from the Latin
bajulus, a carrier ; but by Junius derived
from the badger, a creature who flows
up his provifion.] One that buys corn
and viduals in one place, and carries
it unto another. Co-well,

Ba'dly. adv. [from bad.] In a bad
manner ; not well.

How goes the day with us ? O tell me, Hubert.—

Badly, I fear. How fares your majcfty ? Sbaiffp.

Ba'dness. n.f [from bad.] Want of good

qualities, either natural or moral ; de-

fert ; depravity.

It was not your brother's evil difpoCtion made
him feek his death ; liut a provJking merit, fet
a work by a reproveable badne/s in himlV If. Sbak.

There is one convenience in this city, which
makes fome amends for the badmjs of the pave-
ment. Addijon en Italy.

I did not fee how the badnejs of the weather
could be the king's fiult. Addifoir,

To Ba'ffle. [bcifer, Fr.]

1 . To elude ; to make ineffeflual.

They made a (hi t to think thcinfelves guilt-
lefs, in fpite of all their fins ; to bieak the precept,
and at the fame time to bajle the curfe. South.

He hath defervcd to have the grace withdrawn,
which he hath fo long fo_^t</ and defied. Atic-bury.

2. To confound ; to defeat with fome con-
fufion, as by perplexing or amufing : to
baj^e is fometimes iefs than to conquer.

Utruria loft.
He brings to Turnus' aid his hafflcJho&. DryJ.

When the mind has brought irfclf to clofe think-
ing, it may go on roundly. Every abdrufe pro-
blem, every intricate quedion, will not ha£le, dif-
courage, or break it. Locke.

A foreign potentate trembles at a war with the
Englilh nation, ready to employ againft him fuch
revenues as (hall haffie his defigns upon their
country. Addifin,

Ba'ffle. n.f. [from the verb.] A defeat.

It is the (kill of the difjiutaiit tliat keeps off a
baffle. _ South.

J'he authors having mKTed of their aims, are
fain to rctr?M with frulltation and a baffe. South.

Ba'pfler.

BAG

BA'FFLER.»./[froni^«^.] He that puts
to confufion, or defeats.

Experience, that great haffier of fpeculatioii,
^ures us the thing is too poflible, and brings,
in all ages, matter ot (aSt to cootute our fuppo-
fitioDS. Go'LtrnrntKl of ibc Tongue.

Bag. ». / [belje, Saxon ; from whence
perhaps, by dropping, as is ufual, the
harfti confonant, came l>ege, bage, hag."]

1. A fack, or pouch, to put any thing in,
as money, corn.

Coufm, away for England ; hafte before.
And, err our coming, fee thou (hake the bap
Of hoarding abbots ; their imprifon'd angels
Set thou at liberty. Stattjfeere.

What is it that opens thy mouth in prailes ? li
it th.n thy hagi and thy barns are full i Sotith

Waters were icclofed within the earJ)> as in .1
hag. Burmt.

Once, we confefs, beneath the patriot's cloak,
From the crack'd tag the dropping guinea fpoke.

2. That part of animals in which fome
particular juices are contained, as the
poifon of vipers.

The faeliing p.ilon of the fereral (c&s.
Which, wanting vent, the nation's health infefls,
Shall burft its hag. Dryden.

Sing on, fing on, for I can ne'er be cloy'd ;
So may thy cows their burden'd hagi diftcnd. Dryd-

3. Ad ornamental purfe of filk tied to
men's hair.

We faw a young fellow riding towardt in full
gallop, with a bob wig and black lllken bag tied to
it. Mdlfan.

4. A term nfed to fignify different quan-
tities of certain commodities ; as, a bag
of pepper, a iag of hops.

To Bag. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To put into a bag.

Accordingly hidrain'd thofe marOiy grounds.
And bagg'd them in a blue cloud. Drydett.

Hops ought not to be bjggcd up hot. Mort'mur,

s. To load with a bag.

Like a bee, bagg'd with his honey'd venom.
He brings it to yuur hive. Dtydcn'i Don Sihaji'im.

To Bag. 'V. n. To fwell like a fullbag.

The flcin feemed ratch contrafted, yet it barged,
and had a porringer full of matter in it. }ViJm.an.

Two kids that in the valley ftray'd
I foond by chance, and to my fold convey'd :
They drain two bagg'mg udders every day. Drydcr,
Ba'oatelle. n. /. [bagatelle, Fr.] A
trifle ; a thing of no importance : a word
not naturalifed.

Heaps of haV rings and cypher'd feals ;
Rich uiflcs, ferious tagauJlei. Prbr,

Ba'co ACE. a./, [from bag ; baggage, Fr.]
1. The furniture and utenfih of any army.

The :rmy was an r.'ifilrrd and fevtnty thoufand

footmer!, and twelve th.iofjnd horlemen, bcf^d; tlie

taggagi, yuditb.

Ricties are the taggagtof v'.rtue ; they cannot be

fpared, nor left behind, but they hinder the march.

Hai-n.
They were probably always in Ttadinefs, and
carried among the baggage of the army.

jiddifbn Off Italy.

z. The goods that are to be carried away,

as bag and bny^gnge.

i>)i 1 j;;ia ' lij,'- ', Ahen his affairs grew dcfpe-
nvj ii, ^^g j-t, X'j p^':k up btg and baggage, and
fail for l;aiy. . Arbutkn'A.

3. A wort'nlefs woman ; in French bagajie ;
fo called, becaafe fuch women follosv
camps.

A Ipark of indi^:)adon did rife in her, not to
fufFcr fucb a tiggagt to win away any thing of
hcrt. S'ldnty.

B A I

When this baggage meets with a man who has
vanity to credit relations, (he turns him to ac
count. Hfctlator.

Ba'gnio. fi. /. [hagiio, Ital. a bath.]
A houfe for bathing, fweating, and
otherwife cleanfing the body.

I have known two inftances of malignant fevers
produced by the hocairof a bagnio, ylrluth. onA'ir.
Ba'gpipe; n. f. [from bag a.a6 pipe ; the
wind being received in a bag.] A mu-
fical inftrument, confilling of a leathern
bag, which blows up like a foot-ball,
by means of a port-vent or little tube
fixed to it, and Hopped by a valve and
three pipes or flutes, the firft called the
great pipe or drone, and the fecond
the little one, which pafs the wind out
only at the bottom ; the third has a
reed, and is played on by comprefling
the bag under the arm, when full ; and
openiug or flopping the holes, which are
eight, with the fingers. The bagpipe
takes in ijie compafs of three oftaves.

Chambers.

No banners but fhirts, with fome bad bagfife!

indcad of drum and fife. Sidney.

He heard a bagpipe, and faw a general animated

with the found. Mdi/on's Freeholder.

Bagpi'per. ». /. [from bagpipe.'\ One
that plays on a bagpipe.

Some that will evermore peep thro' their eyes,
And laugh, like parrots, at a bagpiper. Shakejp.

BAGVKTTE. n.f. [Fr. a term of archi-
tefture.] A little round moulding, lefs
than an aftragal ; fometimes carved and
enriched.

To Baicne. v. a. [baigner, Fr.] To
drench ; to foak : a word out of ufe.

The women forJlow not to baigne them, unleA
they plead their heels, with a worfe perfume than
Jugurth found in the dungeon.

Carnu^s Survey of Corrfwall,

Bail. n.f. [Of this word the etymologifts
give many derivations ; it feems to
come from the French bailler, to put
into the hand ; to deliver up, as a man
delivers himfelf up in furety.]

Bail is the freeing or fetting at liberty one arrcl^cd
or imprifoncd upon aftion either civil or criminal,
under fecurity taken for his appearance. There
is both common and fpecial hail\ comtton bail is
in adlions cf fm.'ll prejudice, or (light proof, called
common, becaufe anv fureties in that cafe are
taken ; whereas, upon caufrs of g cater weight, or
apparent fpeciality, j^rfij/ bail or furety mult be
taken. There is a dif?*errnce between bail and
mainprife j for he that is mainprii'cd is at large,
until the day oi his appearance : but where a man
is bailed, he is always accounted by the law to be:
in their ward and cuftody for the time : and they
may, if they will, keep him in ward or in prifen
at that time, or ocherwife at their will. Cotvell,

Worry"d with debts, and pill all hopes oi hail,
Th' unpity'd wretch lies tottingin a jail. Rojcommcn.

And bribe with prefents, or, when ptelents fail.
They (end their prollituted wives for bail. Drydeti,

To Bail. f. a. [from the noun.]

1. To give bail for another.

LtC me be their ba.l
They (hall be ready at your highnefs' will,
To anfwer their fufpicion
1 hou (halt not bail them, Sbekijp, Tilui jindror.

2. To admit to bail.

When they had bailed the twelve bidiops who
wcicin the Tower, the houfe of Commons, in great
indignation, caufcd them iinnnedi Jtcly to be recom-
mitted to the Tower. Clarendon.

B A I

Ba'ilable. ail/, [from bail.] TJiat tnay
be fct at liberty by bail or fureties.

B a'i L I F F. 'I. f. [a word of doubtful etymo-
logy in itfelf, but borrowed by us from
baillie, Fr.]

I . A fubordinate ofiiccr.

Liiufannc is under the canton of Berne, governed
by a bailiff hnZ every three years from the fenatc
of Berne. Atldifin,

s. An officer whofe bufmefs it is to execute
arrefts.

It many times happeneth, that, by the under-
(heri(fs and their bailiffs, the owner hath incurred
tha forfeiture, before he comcth to the knowledge
of the procefs that runneth againit him. Bacon.

A bailiff, by miftakc, feized you for a debtor,
and kept you the whole evening in a fpunging-
houfe. Svjifu

Swift as a bard the. iai/i/f leaves behind. Pope.

3. An under-fteward of a manor.
Ba'iliwick. »./. [of baillie, Fr. andpic.
Sax.] The place of the jurifdiftion of>a
bailiff within his hundred, or the lord's
franchife. It is thit liberty which is ex-
empted from the ftieriff of the county,
over which the lord of the liberty ap-
pointeth a bailiffs Coiuell.

A proper officer is to walk up and down his
hailiioichs. Spenfcr,

There llTued writs to the IherifTs, to return the
names of the feveral land-owners in their feveral
bailiwicks. HaU»

To Bait. v. a. [batan. Sax. baitzen.

Germ.]
I. To put meat upon a hook, in fome

place, to tempt fifli, or other animals.

Oh cunning enemy, that, to catch a faint.
With faints ioti bait thy hook! mod dangerous
Is that temptation that doth goad us on
To (in in loving virtue. Shak. Meaf. for Meaf.

Let's be revenged on him ; let 's appoint him a

meeting, give him a (how of comfort in his fuit,

and lead him on with a fure baited dcUy, till he

hath pawned his horfes to mine holt of the garters

Sbaieffeare's Merry Wives ofWindfor.

Many forts of filhes feed upon infefts, as is well
known to anglers, who bait their hooks with them.

Ray.

How are '^e fex improv'd in am'rous arts !
What new-found fnares they bait for human
hearts ! Gay.

z. To give meat to one's felf, or horfes,
on the road.

What fo (Irong,
But, wanting reft, will alfo want of might ?
The fun, that mcafurcs heaven all day long,
At night doth bait his deeds the ocean waves
among. Spenjir,

To Bait. <i/. a. [from battre, Fr. to beat.]

1. To attack with violence.

Who feeming lorely chaffed at his band.
As chained be,:r, whom cruel dogs do bait.
With idle force did fain them to withftand.

Fairy Sjuets,
I will not yield
To kifs the ground before young Malcolm's feet;
And to be baited with the rabble's curfe.

Shakefpeare's Macbeth.

2. To harafs by the help of others ; as, we
bait a boar with maftiffs, b«c a bull with'
bull-dogs.

To Bait. it. ». To flop at any place for
refrelhnient : perhaps this word is more
properly bate, to abate I'peed.

But our defircs tyrannical extortion
Doth force us there to fct our chief dclightfulncfs.
Where but a baiting place i~ jU our portion. Sidney.

As one who on nis journey baits at noon,
Thj' bent on fpesd : fo here th' archa,ngel paus'd.

Milhn.
Ta In

B AK

Tn all ourjnumey from Lindon to till liouCt, we
did not (b much a ia':: »t» whig 'nn.

^Idiiijin'i SfeBetir.

9*9 Bait. a;. ». [as an ioKvt.] To clap
the wings j io make an ofFer of flying ;
to flutter.

All plum'd like cftridges, that with the wind
Salted like eagles having lately batli'd j
Clittering in golJcu coats like imngcs. Sbal-^fixari.

Hood my unman'd blood bailing in my chjcks
With thy black mantle J till ftrangc love, grown

bold.
Think! trjc love afVcd fimple modcfty. Shakifp.

Another way I have to man my hagrard,
To make her come, and know her keeper's call ;
That i«, to watch her as we watch thofe kites
That iait and beat, and will n^t be obedient. Sbak

Bait. n.f. [from the verb.]
i. Meat fet to allure fifli, or other animals,
to a fnare.

The pleafant'ft angling is to fee the fifll
Oit with her golden oars the filver dream,
And greedily devour the treacherous bjit. Sbakrjf,

a. A temptation ; an enticement ; allure-
ment.

And that fame glorious beauty's idle boaft

Is but a bait fuch wretches to beguile. Sfenfcr,

Take:h therewith the fouls of men, as with the

haitt, Hocker,

Sweet words, I grant, baits and allurements fweet,

Butgreateft hopes with greateft croffes meet. Fair/.

Fruit, like that
Which grew in Paradifc, thei«ir of Eve
■ Us'd by tne tempter. Milton.

Secure from foolifli pride's affcaed ftate.
And fpeciuus flattery's more pernicious bait.

Rofcommor,.
Her head was bare.
But for her native ornament of hair.
Which in a fimple knot was tied above !
Sweet negligence ! unheeded idir of love ! Drydcn.

Grant tlut others could with equal glory
1.00k down on picafures, and the bailt of fenfe.

AdJiJm.

%. A refrefhment on a journey.

B A 1 z E . «. /. A kind of coarfe open cloth
ftufF, having a long nap ; fometimes
frized on one fide, and fometimes not
frized. Thisftuft'is without wale, being
wrought on a loom with two treddles,
like flannel. Chambers.

9« Bake. i». a. participle paffive, baked
or haken. [bajcan. Sax. bckcti. Germ,
fuppofed by Wachter to come from lee,
which, in the Phrygian language, figni-
fied bread. "[

1 . To heat any thing in a clofe place ;
generally in an oven.

He will take thereof, and warm himfelf; yes
he kindleth it, and bdketh bread. Jfai^i.

The difference of prices of bread procee.icd
from their delicacy in bread, and perhaps fome-
thihg in their manner of bakir^. Ari>u!bn-A,

2. To harden in the fire.

The work of the fire is a kind of hakir.^ ; and
whatfoever the fire bakttb, time doth in fome de-
gree diffolve. Bann.

3 . To harden with heat.

With vehement funs
When dufty fummer bjka the crumbling clods.
How pleafjnt is 't, beneath the twilled arch,
.To ply the fweet caroufe ! Phi/if s.

The fun with ftamingarrows pierc'd the flood,
And, darting to the bottom, bak'J the mud. Dfyd.

To Bakb. -v. r..

». To do the work of baking.

1 keep the hoofe, ai.d I walh, wring, brew, bakt,
fcour, drefs mea:, and make tl.e beds, ami do .-til
royfclf, St^k'/jcarc-

B A L

2. To be heated or baked.

Fillet of a fenny Inakr,
In the cauldron boil and biiki. Sbakeff. litaelelh.

Baked Meats. Meats dreflcd by the oven.

There be f.>me houles, wherein fv.eetmeats will

relent, and baked meats will mould, more than

others. Bacon.

Ba'kehouse. n.f. [from, br.ke znA hoti/e.']
A place for baking bread.

I have mark.'d a willingncfs in the Italian arti-
sans, to dillribute the kitchen, pantry, and bake-
/»o;.Jc under ground. PP^ottor.

Ba'ken. The fart icijile from To bake.
There was a cake baktn on the coaU, and a crufe
of '.v.iter, at his head. 1 Kingi.

Ba'ker. n.f. [from To ia^f.] He whofe
trade is to bake.

In life and h^-alth, every man muft proceed upon

trull, there being no knowing the intention oi the

cook or baker. South,

B a'l A N c e . n.f. [balance, Fr. bilanx, Lat. ]

1 . One of the fix firaple powers in niecha-
nicks, ufed principally for determining
the difference of weight in heavy bo-
dies. It is of feveral forms. Chambers.

2. A pair of fcales.

A balance of power, either without or within a
ftate, isbcft conceived by confidering what the na-
ture of a balance is. It fuppofes three things; firft,
the part which is held, together with the hanJ
that holds it; and then the two fcales, with what-
ever is weighed therein. - Snvift,

For when on ground the burden balance lies.
The empty part is lifted up tlie higher.

Sir y. David.

3. A metaphorical balance, or the mind
employed in comparing one thing with
another.

I have in equal ij/aacf juftly weigh 'd
What wrong our arms may do, what wrongs we

fufTer:
Griefs heavier than our offences. Shak. Hen. IV,

4. The aft of comparing two things, as by
the balance.

Comfort arlfes not from others being miferablc,
but from this inference upon the balance, that we
fuf^'er only the lot of nature. L^ EJirangc.

Upon a fair balance of the advantages on cither
fide, it will appear, that the rules of the gofpel
are more powerful means of convidion than fuch
melTage. jitterbury.

5. The overplus of weight; that quantity
by which, of two things weighed toge-
ther, one exceeds the other.

Care being taken, that tbe exportation exceed
in value the importation ; and then the balance uf
trade muft of neceflity be returned in coin or bul-
lion. Bacon s j^v'ce to ydtieri.

6. That which is wanting to make two
parts of an account even ; as, he ftated
the account with his correfpondent, and
paid the balance.

7. Equipoife ; as, balance of power. See
the fecond fenfe.

Love, hope, and joy, fairpleafure'sfmiling train ;
Hate, fear, and grief, the family of p.iin ;
Thefe mix'd with art, and t > d..e bounds confin'd,
Make and raaintain the i^i/amvof the mind. l'o]>c.

8. The beating part of a watch.

It is but fuppofing tlut all watches, whilft the
balance beats, think ; and it is fufficiently proveJ,
that my watch thought ail lall night. L'ckc.

9. [In aftronomy.] Oneof the twelve figns
of the zodiacic, commonly called Libra.

Or wilt thou warm our i'ummers with thy rays.

And feated near the i;/jnrepoilc the days 'r Dryd.

To Ba'i.anCE. f. a. [balancer, Fr.]

I. To weigh in a balance, either real or

figurative j to'coinpare by the balance.

B A L

\f mw would but balance the gooi and ttie evil
of things, they would not venture fogl and body
for dirty intereft. L'Eftrange.

2. To regulate the weight in a balance ;
to keep in a ftate of jull proportion.

Heav'n that hath plac'd this liland ti give law,
To balance Etirop*, and her fta^e; ri awe. JVallcrm

3. To counterpoife ; to weigh equal to;
to be equipollent ; to counteraft.

The attracl.on of the giafa is bnlamed, and ren-
dered incffedual, by the contrary ailrafliun of the
liquor. Ncivton*

4. To regulate an account, by Hating it
on both ftdes.

Judging is balancing an account, and determin-
ing on whii.h fide tl:e odds lie. Ltcle*

5 . To pay that which is wanting to make
the two parts of an account equal.

Give him leave
To balance the account of Blenhein/s day. Prior*
Though I am very well fati^fied, that it is not
in my power to balance accounts with my Maker,
I am refolved, however, to turn all my encravuurs.
that way. MSifon, Sfflatcr.

To Ba'lakce. '■j. a. To hefitate ; to fluc-
tuate between equal motives, as a ba-
lance plays when charged with equal
weights.

Were the fatisfaflion of lull, and the joys of
heaven, offered to any one's prefent poU'elTiun, be
would not balance, or err, in the determination o£
his choice. Locke,

Since there is nothing that can offend, I fee not
why you ihould balance a moment about printing
it. Ar.ertury to Pope*

Ba'lancer. n.f. [from balance.^ Tlie
perfon that weighs any thing.

B a'l ass Ruby. n.f. [balas, Fr. fuppofed
to be an Indian term.] A kind of ruby.

Balajs ruby is of a crimfon coi jur, with a cad

of purple, and feems beft to anfwer the del'cription

of the ancients. ^ocdivard on FcJfiU*

To Bale tj'ci NATE. v. n. [from balbutiot

Lat.] To ftammer in fpeaking. Di3.

To B A L B u't I a T E . f. «. The fame with

balbucinate. Did.

Balco'ny. n.f. [baleen, Fr. balcone, Ital.}

A frame of iron, wood, or ftone, before

the window of a room.

Then pleafure came, who liking not the fafhion>
Began to make balconies, terraces, v
Till file had wcaken'd all by alteration. Herbert*

When dirty waters from balconies drop.
And dext'rous damfels twirl the fprinkling mop.

Getf*
B.M.T>. adj. [bal.Wc](ii.]

1. Wanting hair ; defpoiled of hair by
time or ficknefs.

Neither (hall men make themfelves bald for
them. Jeremiah,

1 I'nd it remarked by Marchctti, that the caufe
of baldnefs in men Is the drynefs of the brain, and
its (hrinking from the fkuU ; he having obferved,
that in bald perfons, under the iuU part, there war
a vacuity between the fkull and the brain. Itay,

He Ihould imitate Czl'ar, wh >, becaufe his head
was bald, covered that defe£l with laurels, jiddifi

2. Without natural covering.

Under an oak, whofe boug'is were mofs'd with
age.
And high top iaU with dry antiquity. Sbtke/f,

3. Without the ufual covering.

He is fet at the upper end o' th' table; but they
ftand bald bcfoi^ him. Sbakejfeare,

4. Unadorned ; inelegant.

Hobbes, in the prtiacc to his own bald tranfla-
tion, begins the praife of Homer when he fhnuld
have ended it, Drydens Fables, Preface,

And that; though labour'd, line mud ^jW appear.
That brings ungrateful mufick to the ear. ' Creech,

5. Mean;

B A L

J. Mean ; nalced ; without dignity ; with-
out value ; bare.
Wliat Ihould the people do with theft baUuU
bunes ?
On whom depending, their obedience fails
To th- grejti^r buich. Siaiefpt^n-.

6. BalJ was ufed by the northern nations,
to fignify the fame a» auiiax, bold ; and
is ftill in ufe. So Bald-Min, and by
mverilon Winbald, is bold conqueror;
Ethdbald, nobly bold; Eadbald, happily
hold; which are of the fame import as
Tbrafeas, Tkrafymachus, and Thrajybu.

iJA LDACHiN. n.f. [baldacbhw, hall A
piece of architeclure, in form of a ca-
nopy, fupported with columns, and ferv-
jng as a covering to an altar. It pro-
perly fignifies a rich filk, Du Cangc,
and was a canopy carried over the holt.

_ , Builder's Da.

Balderdash. «./ [prob-ibly of balb.
Sax. bold, and da/h, to mingle.] Ai.y
thing jumbled together without judg-
ment ; rude mixture ; a confufed dil'-
courfe.

To Ba'lderdash. v. a. [from the noun.l
To mix or adulterate any liquor.

BA'tDLY. adv. [from bald.'] Nakedly;
meanly ; inelegantly.

Ba*ld.x.ony. »./ The fame with Gkn.

TI AN.

Ba'ldness. n.f. [i:oaibald.]

1. The want of hair.

2. The lofs of hair.

Which happen'd on the flcin to light,
And there ccrnipting to a wound,
Spreads Icprofy and haUmf, round. Sivift.

3. Meannefs of writing; inelegance
Ba'ldrick. n.f. [Of uncertain etymo-
logy-J

1. A girdle. By feme Diaionarits it is
explained a bracelet ; but I have not
round It in that fenfe.

Athwart his breaft a iMrhi brave he ware.
That fliin i, Uke twinkling lUrs, with ftone; moft
precious rare. Fairv Q

A rad.ant lalirUk, o'er his a.<,L.!ders ti/d, ""'
Sudan d th. fword that glitter d at his Hde, P,>m.

2. The zodiack.

Which deck the h^UrUk of the hiavcns bright.

Bale. »./. [ialle, Fr.] A bundle or pl'rtei
of goods packed op for carriage.

One h.reo an als, in the- d,g.d.ijs, ro carrv crr-
tain bm,, of good, to fuch a town. VEfirmr,.

It IS parj of the baU, in which boh=a t.a w,s
bio.;.'ht over from China. W.,.lv>^rd

B A L

T V '-^ i^*'" Sax. bale, Dan. bal, Lol,
Icelandilh.] Mifery; calamity.

She lo<,k'd ab. ut, and iceing one in mail
Armed to pnint, fought hack to tarn again ;
F..r light ftc ha-.td s» the deadly halt. Fairy ^.

To »ALE ,:;<,. A word ufed by the failor7!
who bid tale out the water ; that is
la-ve It out, by way of diftinftion from
pumping. 9iimer. I believe from bail-
ler, 1-r. to deliver from hand to hand.
T I ';'•'"• "•, [.""talUr. Fr. imhallure,
Ital.] To make up into a bale.

Baleful, adj. [horn bJe.]

I. Full of mifery ; full of gt«f j foxrow-
iulj fad J woeful.

Ah, lucklefs babe I born under cruel {t\t.
And in dead parents baUful %Ctin bred. I airy <n

But when i feel the bitter hafrful fmart,
Which her fair eyes unwares do work in me,-
I th.nk that I a new Pandora fee. Sfenftr.

Kound he throws his ielefui eyes,
That witncfs'd hujc affliaion and difmny,
Mix'd with obdurate pride ai'd ft"dfaft hate. Milt.

z. Full of mifchief ; ^eftruflive.

But when he faw his threat'ning was but vain.
He turn'd about, and Icarch'd his baleful books
"S""' , Fairy Quctn.

Boiling cholcr chokes,
By fight of thcfc,onr^u/f/i/ enemies. Hbaifjptart.

Unfeen, unfelt, the fiery ferpent ikims
Betwixt her linen and her naked limbs.
His bakfal breath infpiring as he glides. Dryden.

Happy lerne, whole moll whok-fome air
Poilons envenonj'd fpiders, and forbids
The hclefuUatA and vipers from her /hore. VhWpu
Ba'lefullv. ad-v. [fiotn baleful.] Sor-
rowfully ; mifchievoufly.
Balk. n.f. [balk, Dut. and Germ.] A
great beam, fuch as is ufed in building ;
a rafter over an out-houfe or barn.
Balk. n.f. [derived by Skinner from 'ua-
licare, Ital. to pafs over.] A ridge of
land left unploughed between the fur-
rows, or at the end of the field.
To Balk. v. a. [See the noun.]
I. To diiappoint ; to fruftrate ; to elude.

Another thing in the grammar fchools I f-e no
ufe of, unlcfs it be to balk young ladt in learnini!
''"|"'S"- , Lockt.

tyery onu has a defire to keep up the vigour
ot his tacult.es, and not to balk his underllandiip
by what IS too hard for it. i^.-^,.

But one may balk this good intent,
And take things othcrwife than meant. Prior.

The prices muit have been high j for a people
fo r,ch would not baik their fancy. Arlullmt.

Balk-d ol his prey, the yelling monller flics,
Aiid hlls the city w.th his hideous cries. Pope.

Is there a variance ? enter but bis door,
^aAVare the courts, and conteft is nu more. P^c.

2. To mifs any thing ; to leave untouched.

Fy grifly Pluto he doth iwear.
He rent his clothes, and to.e ins hair J
And as he runneth here and there.

An acorn cup he greeteth ;
Which foon he toketh by the (laik.
About his head he lets it walk.
Nor doth he any creature bulk.

But lays on all he meeteth. Drinion', Nimpbid.

3. To omit, or refufe, any thing.

This was looked .'or at our hand, and this wns

itbanejpearc.

4. To heap, as on a ridge. Thi«. or
fomething like this, feems to be in
tended here.

Ten thoufanj bold Scots, three and twenty
knights,
Balk'd in their own blood, did SirWjire fre
On Holmedon's plains. Shu: efpearr

Ba'lkers. n.f. [In fifhery.] Men wh,.
Hand on a cliff, or high place on the
fliore, and give a figo to the men in the
fining boats, which way the paflage or
<hv,ic of herring, ta. Coveli.

I he pilchard, ai, pu-fued by a blggc, fim,
called a p'.ulhe.-, who lea ;. ahwe water, and be
wiayeth them t t e balker. Camvi Sur. of Cor,,

Ball. ,./ [^0/, Dan. ^0/, Dutch.]

Bal, i,.mlButiv. ) H,l,„, the fun, or ApoMo, of

Iw. Wnat » . was round, and in particular the
h'!, WIS c.ied by the ancients either Bal, or
Btl, ano likcwife ]iCl anc Biil. Among the mo.
d.M Perfians, the head is called Poll ; and the
FUmings rtill call the head B'.iU. niUf U th.
heaj or p^il j md iwMwj.u to turn. BeKst likcwiu

BAL

flgaifies 1 ronnd ball, whence bnc!, and ittl, and
tall, which the Welch term btU By the Scotch
alfo the head is named htH; whence the Englilh-
/■i//is derived, fignifying the beak of a bird, fi-
6ura;i%eiy, the Phrygians and Thurians by SaMiiir
underftood' a king. Hence alfo, in the Syriacic
dialefls, (2aiX, fiiix, and likewife ^ix, fignifics
lord, and by this name alfo the fun ; and, in fome
dialcifts, 'h\ and 'i\, .whence "iXo; and "HXioj,,
IV,>.|7; and EnXio;, and alfo, in the Celtick dimi-
nutive way of expr<:flion,"EXr«?, riKivsj, and Bi>f-
vo;, fignified the fun ; and 'EXevu, Tt\i-m, anl iihi-.r,
the moon. Among the Tcuronicks, hoi and lei!
have the fame meaning; whence the adjeftive ho-
lig, or hrilig, is derived, and fignifies divine or
holy i and the afpiration being changed into /,
the Romans form their Sol, Baxitr.-

I. Any thing made in a round form, or
approaching to round.

Worms with many feet round themfelves into
talli under logs of timber, but not in the timber-

Bacor,'
Nor arms they wear, nor fwords and bucklers'
wield.
But whirl from leathern firings huge balk of lead,.

Drydem-
Like a ball of fnow tumbling. down a hill, he
gathered ftrength ai he pafliid. Hiv/ell.

Still unripcn'd in tlie dewy mines.
Within the trail a trembling water lliines.
That through the cryftal darts. Aidijom

Such of thofe corpufclcs as happened to combine
into one mafs, formed the metallick and mineral
balls, or nodules, which we find. Woodward,.

2. A round thing to play with, either with-
the hand or foot, or a racket.

Balls to the (tars, and thralls to fortune's reign,
Turn'd from tliemfelves, infefled with their cage,-
Where death is fear'd, and life is held with pain.

Sidney,.

Thofe I have feen play at ball, grow extremely
carneft who fiiould have the kail. Sidmy.

3. A fmall round thing, with fome parti-
cular mark, by which votes are given,,
or lots call.

Let l«ts decide it.
For ev'ry number'd captive put a lalh
Into an urn; thr^c only black be there.
The reti, all white, are fafe. Drydtm-

Minos, the ftri^ inquilitor, appears ;
Round in his urn the blended balls he rowls,
Abfolves the juft, and dooms theguilty fouls. Dryd,.

4. A. globe ;. as, the ^a// of the earth-

Julius and Antony, thofe lords of all,
l«w at her feet prefentthe conquet'd ball.

Granville;

Y« gods, wharjuftice rules the ball?
Freedom and arts t gether fall. Pope..

5. A' globe borne as an enfign of fovc-
reignty.

Here the tragedy of a young man, that by right
ought to hold the hall of a kingdom; but, by
fortune, ii made himfelf a ball, toiled from mifery
to mifery, from place to place. Bacm,

6. Any part of the body that approaches
' toroundnefs; as the lower and iwelling.

part of the thumb ; the apple of the eye.

Be fubjeil to no light but mine ; invifible
To every cye-idZ/eife. Shak.-fpean.

• To make a ftern countenance, let your brow
bend fo,.that it may almoft touch the ball of the

eye

Pcacham,

7. The Ikin fpread over a hollow piece of
wood, (luffed with hair or wooi, which
the printers dip in ink, to fpread it on'
the letters.

Ball, n.f, [l/al, Fr. from balart, low
Lat. from /3a^x,^r.j, to dance.] An en-
tertainment of dancing, at which the
pre^ arations arc made at the expence
of lome particular perfon.

IT

B A L

It* golden fconces hang not on the wills,
To light the coftly fuppers and the tallt. DryJn.

He would make no extraordinary figure at a

bt:l\ but 1 can <flute the ladies, tor their confola-

tion, that he has writ better verier im the fex than

any man, Stvifi.

Ba'llao. n.f. [ialat/e.Fr.] A fong.

Ba/.'aJ once flgnitied a folemn and facrcd Tong,
IS wcU as trivial, when Solomon's Song was called
the ij.Vjrf ofta/hili ; but now it is applied to no-
thing but trifling verle. tyatts.

An' 1 have not balladt made on you all, and
fung to filthy tunes, may a cup of lack be my
poifon. Sbahfftart.

Like the fwcet hallaH, this amufing lay
Too long detains the lover on his way. Gay.

TeBA'LLAD. "J. n. [from the noun.] To
make or fing ballads.

Saucy li^ors
Will catch at us like ftrumpets, and fcali'd rhimers
Ballad uj out o' tune. Sbakfjbeare.

Ba'li,ad-sinoer. n.f. [from ballad inA
fi'ig.'\ One wbofe employment is to fing
ballads in the ftreets.

No fooncr "gan he raife his tuneful fong.
But lads and lallcs round about him throng.
Not ballad-finger, plac'd above the crowd.
Sings with a note fo drilling, fweet, and loud.

Gay.

Ba'llast. n.f. [/ij/Zfl/?^, Dutch ]
I. Something put at the bottom of the
fhip, to keep it Heady to the centre of
gravity.

There muft be middle counfellors to keep things
fleady j for, without that ballall, the Aip will roul
too much. Bacon

As for the afcent of a fubmarine vcffcl, this may
be ealily contrived, if there be fome great weight
at the bottom of the (hip, being part of its hallafl \
which, by fome cord within, may be loofeiied from
>t« mikin:.

As, when empty barks on billows float.
With fandy ballafi failors trim the boat ;
So bees bear gravel Hones, whofe poiHog weight
Steers thro' the whillling winds their fteddy flight.

Drydtr.

2. That which is ufed to make any thing
fleady.
Why ftould he fink where nothing fcem'd to
prefs ?
His lading little, and his ballafi lefs. Smft^

?« Ba'llast. 'V. a. [from the noun.]

1. To put weight at the bottom of a rfiip,
in order to keep her fteady.

If this be fo haltafieH, as to be of equal weight
with the like magnitude of water, it will be move-
ahlc- JVilkm

2. To keep any thing fteady.

While thus to ballafiXoyc I though".

And fo more fteddily t' have gone,
I faw 1 had love's pinnace overfraught. Donne.

Now you have given me virtue ior my guide,
And with true honour ballafied my pride. Dryden,

Balle'tte. n.f. [ballette, Fr.] A dance
in which fome hillory is reprefcnted.

Ba'lliards. n.f. [from ball, znAyarJ,
or ftick to puih it with.] A play at
which a ball is driven by the end of a
ftick : now corruptly called billiards.'

With dice, with cards, with ia/iiards, far unfit
With iliuttlecocks mifleeming manly wit. Sfen/er'

Ba'llister. SccBalustre.

BALLo'ON.r-/- E*''^^"''. F^']

1. A large round ftiort-necked veflel ufed
in chymiftry.

2. [In architedure.] A ball or globe
placed oa the top of a pillar.

B A L

3. [Ih fireworks.] A ball of paReboard,
ifufFed with combuftible matter, which,
when fired, mounts to a confiderable
height in the air, and then burlb into
bright fparks of fire, refembling liars.

Ba'i. LOT. n.f. [ballote, Fr.]

1. A little ball or tjcket ufed in giving
votes, being put privately into a box or
urn.

2. The aft of voting by ballot.

To Ba'llot. -v. n. [balloler, Fr.] To
choofe by ballot, that is, by putting
little balls or tickets, with particular
marks, privately in a box ; by counting
which, it is known what is the refult of
the poll, without any difcovery by whom
each vote was given.

No competition arriving to a fufficicnt number
of balls, they fell to bailm fome others. H^aiten.

Giving their votes by balloting, they lie under
no awe. Stuift

Ballota'tion. »./ [from ^«//»/.] The
aft of voting by ballot.

The eleftioii is intricate and curious, conCfling
of ten feveral baltomimt. ffoiten.

Balm. n.f. [iaume, Fr. halfamum, Lat.]

1. The fap or juice of a Ihrub remarkably
odoriferous.

Balm trickles through the bleeding veins
Of happy Ihrubs, in Idumcan plains. Dryden.

2. Any valuable or fragrant ointment.

Thy place is fiil'd, thjifceptre wrung from thee ;
Thy balm wafli'd otf wherewith thou waft anointed.

Sbakefpeare.

3. Any thing that fooths or mitigates pain.

You were conduced to a gentle bath,
And balms anply'd to you. SbaktJ^tare.

Your praifc's argument, balm of your age }
Deareft and beft. Sbakeffieare.

A tender fmile, our forrow's only balm. TTcung^

Balm. \ "• f [ntelijla, Lut.] The

Balm MjV/. 3 name of a plant.

The fpecies are, 1. Garden ba/m. 2. Garden
balm, with yellow variegated flowers. 3. Stinking
Roman balm, with fofter hairy leaves. Miller.
Balm ofGiUad.

I. The juice drawn from the balfam tree,
by making incifions in its bark. Its
colour is firft white, foon after green ;
but, when it comes to be old, it is of
the colour of honey. The fmell of it is
agreeable, and very penetrating ; the
tafte of it bitter, Iharp, and ailringent.
As little ifliies from the plant by inci-
fion, the i^a/ot fold by the merchants is
made of the wood and green branches
of the tree, dillilled by fire, which is
generally adulterated with turpentine.

Calmet.
It feems to me, that the lori of Gilead, which
we render in our Bible by the word balm, was net
the fame with the balfam of Mecca, but only a
better f re of turpentine, then in ufe for the cure of
wounds and other difeafcs. Frideaux^s Ccr.nt.^ions .

z. A plant remarkable for the ftrong bal-
faraick fcent which its leaves emit,
upon being bruifed ; whence fome h;-.ve
fuppofed, erroneoufly, that the ba/m of
Gilead w&% taken from this plant. Miller.

To Balm. 1/. a. [from balm.]

1. To anoint with balm, or with any
thing medicinal.

Bii'm his foul head with warm diftilled waters,
AnH burn fweet wo"d. Sbakrffeare.

2. To footh ; to mitigate ; to affuage.

BAL

Oppreft nature fleeps i
Tbii reft might yet have balm'd thy fcnfei. Shai.
Ba'lmy. adj. [from balm.]

1 . Having the qualities of balm.

Soft on the fiow'ry herb I found me laid.
In balmy fweat ; which with his beams the fun
Soon dry'd. M'Jton.

2. Producing balm.

Let India boaft her groves, nor envy we
The weeping anib^r, and the balmy tree. Pcfe,

3. Soothing; foft ; mild.

Come, Deldemona, 'tis the foldiers life
To have their balmy (lumbers wak'd with ftrife.

Sbakejpeare.
Such vifions hourly pafs before my fight.
Which from my eyes their balmy (lumbers fright.

Dryden.

4. Fragrant ; odoriferous.

Thole rich perfumes which frcm the happy (hore
The winds upon their ^o/iify wings convey'd,
Whofe guilty fweetnefs firft the world bctray'd.

Dryden,

Firll Euros to the tifing morn is fent.
The regions of the balmy continent. Dryden,

5. Mitigating ; afliiafive.

Oh balmy bieath, that doth almoft perfuade
Juftice to break her fword ! Sbaktffteare,

BA'LNEARy. n.f. \^baJnearium, hAt.] A
bathing-room.

The balnearies, and bathing- places, he expoleth'
unto the fummer letting. Bremen s yulgar Erroars,
Balnea'tion. n.f. [itom balneum, 'Lzt.
a bath.] The aft of bathing.

As the head may be dillurbcd by the (kin, ic
may the fame way be relieved, as is obfervable \sk
balneaticns, and fomentations of that part.

Br^-ivns Vulgar Errours,

Ba'lneatory. adj. [balnearius, Lat.]
Belonging to a bath or ftove.

Ba'lotade. n.f. The leap of an horfe,
fo that when his fore-feet are in the air,
he (hews nothing but the ihocs of his
hinder-feet, without ycrking out. A
halotade differs from a capriole ; for
when a horfe works at caprioles, he
yerks out his hinder legs with all his
force. Farrier^ Di£l.

Ba'lsam. n.f. [balfamtim, Lat.] Oint-
ment ; unguent ; an unftuous applica-
tion thicker than oil, and fofter than
falve.

Chrift's blood our balfam ; if that cure us here.
Him, when our judge, we ihall not find fcvere.

Denham,

Ba'lsam Apple, [momordica, Lat.] An
annual Indian plant.

Ba'lsam Tree.

Tills is a Ihrub which fcarce grows taller than
the pomegranate tree j the blolTjms are like fmall
ftars, very fragrant j whrncc fpring out little
pointed pods, inclofing a fruit like an almond,
called carpobalfamum, as the wood is called xylo-
ballamum, and the juice upobalfamum. Calmet,

Balsa'mical. ladj. [from ia^w.] Hav-

Balsa'mick. 5 ifg ^^^ qualities of
balfam ; unftuous ; mitigating ; foft ;
miid ; oily.

If there be a wound in my leg, the vital energy
of my foul thrulls out tlie baljamical humour of
my bl.iod to heal it. Hale,

The aliment of fuch as have frefli wounds ought
to be fuch as keeps the humours from putre-
fa^ion, and renders them oily and baljamick.

jirlutlnot,

Ba'luster. n.f. [according to Du Cange,
from balaufirium, low Lat. a bathing-
place.] A fmall column or pilaller,
from an inch and three quarters to four
inches fquare or diameter. Their di-

menfions

BAN

menlions and forms are various ; they
are frequently adorned with mouldings ;
they are placed with rails on flairs, and
in the fronts of galleries in churches.

This fliould fiill have been planched over, ard
railed about with ^(3/tf/?erj. Carezv.

Ba'lustrade. n./. [from ialufter."] An
aflemblage of one or more rows of little
turned pillars, called baluflers, fixed
upon a terras, or the top of a building,
for feparating one part from another.

Bam, BtAM, being initials in the name
of any place, ufually imply it to have
been woody ; from the Saxon beam,
which we ufe in the fame fenfc to this
day. Gib/on.

Bamboo', n. f. An Indian plant of the
reed kind. It has feveral ftioots much
larger than our ordinary reeds, which
are knotty and feparated from fpace to
fpace by joints. The bamboo is much
larger than the fugar-cane.

yo Bambo'ozle. 'J/, a. [a cant word not
ufed in pure or in grave writings.] To
deceive ; to impofe upon ; to confound.

AJ-'ter Nick had bcrmbooxUd about the money,
John ca'led for counters. Arhuthnit.

Bambo'ozler. n. f. [from bambooscU ."]
A tricking fellow ; a cheat.

There are a (et of fellows they call banterers
»ni bambmzlers, that play fuch tricks. Arbuihnot.
Ban. n.f. [ban, Teut. a publick procla-
mation, as of profcription, interdifiion,
excommunication, public fale.]

1. Publick notice given of any thing,
whereby any thing is publickly com-
manded or forbidden. This word we
ufe efpecially in the publifhing matri-
monial contrafts in the church, before
marriage, to the end that if any man
can fay againft the intention of the par-
ties, either in refpeft of kindred or
otherwife, they may take their excep-
tion in time, .^nd, in the cannon law,
hanna j'unt proclamationes Jfonji l^ ffonfre
in iccUJiis fieri folita. CotvfU.

1 bar ic in the interell of my wife ;
'Tis (he is fubcontraded to this lord,
And t her hufliand contradid your hanu Staktff.

To draw her neck into the ijni. UuJilrai.

2. A curfe ; excommunication.

Thou mixture rank of midnight weeds colIe£led,
Widi Hecate's iju thrice blaftcd, thrice infefted.
Shakijftarr't Hamht,

A great oveiGght it was of St. Peter that he
^id not accurfe Nero, whereby the pope might have
got all i yet what need of fuch a ban, fince friar
Vincent rould tell Atabalipa, that kingdoms were
the pope'i ? Raleigh.

3. InterdidHon.

Bold deed to eye
The facrcd fruit, facred to abftincnce.
Much more to lafic it, under ban to touch. Milt,

4. Ban of tht Empire ; a publick cenfure
by which the privileges of any German
prince are fufpended.

He proceeded fo far by treaty, that he was prof-
fered to have the imperial ban taken off Alrapi-
nus, upon fubmiflion. Hnuell.

To Ban. 1/. a. [bannen, Dutch, to curfe.]
To curfe ; to execrate.

Shall we think that it banab the work which
tbey leave beliind them, or-taketh »way the ufe
thereof? Hcoier.

It is uncertain whether this wor4> in

BAN

the foregoing fenfe, is to be deduced
from ban, to curfe, or bane, to poifon.

In thy clofet pent up, rue my Ihame,
And ban ourenemres, both mine and thine. Shuk*

Before thefe Moors went a Numidian pr'.eft,
bellowing outcharms, and cafttng fcrowls of paper
on each fide, wherein he curfed and banntd the
CKrifl-ians. Knallcs.

Bana'na TVf?. A fpecies of plantain.
Band. n./. [ben Je, Dutch; band, Saxon.]

1. A tie ; a bandage ; that by which one
thing is joined to another.

You fliall find the band, that feems to tie their
fricndlhip together, will be the very ftrangler of
their amity. Shaktfpeare,

2. A chain by which any animal is kept
in reftraint. This is now ufually fpelt,
lefs properly, bond.

So wild a beaft, fo tame ytaught to be,
And buxom to his bands, is joy to fee. Bub, 7a/e,

Since you deny him entrance, he demands
His wife, whom cruelly you hold in bands. DryJ.

3. Any means of union or connedlion be-
tween perfons.

Here 's eight that mud take hands
To jnin in Hymen's bands. Sbaktfpeare.

4. Something worn about the neck ; a
neckcloth. It is now reftrained to a
neckcloth of particular form, worn by
clergymen, lawyers, and ftudents in
colleges.

For his mind I do not care ;

That 's a toy that I could fpare:

Let his title be but great,

His cloaths rich, and band lit neat. Ben yonfon.

He took his lodging at the manlion-houfe of a
taylor's widow, who waihes, and can dear-llarch
his bands, jiddljcn.

5. Any thing bound round another.

In old ftatues of ftone in cellars, the feet of
them being bound with leaden bar:ds, it appeared
that the lead did fweil. Bacon.

6. [In architefture.] Any flat low member
or moulding, called alfo fafcia, face, or
plinth.

7. A company of foldiers.

And, good my lord of Somerfet, unite
Your troops of horfejnen with his hands of foot.

Sbakefpeare.

8. A company of perfons joined together
in any common defign.

We few, we happy few, we band of brothers.

Sbakcfpeare,

The queen, in white array before her band.
Saluting took her rival by the hand. Dryden.

On a fiidden, methought, this fele^ band fprang
forward, with a lefolution to climb the afcent, and
follow the call of that heavenly mufick, TaiLr,

Strait the thrttbands prepare in arms to join, .
Each band the number of the facred Nine. Fsfe,

To Band. t/. a. [from banJ.'\

1. To unite together into one body or
troop.

Th^ bifhop, and the duke of Glo'fter's men,
Have 6ird their pockets full of pebble (tones.
And banding themfclves in contrary parts.
Do pelt at one another's pates. Shakiffeare.

Some of the boys handed themfelves as for the
major, and others for the king, who, after fix days
Ikirmilhing, at lalt made a compofirion, and de-
parted. Carno.

They, to live exempt
From Heav'ri's high jurifdiftion, in new league
Sanded againll his throne. Milton.

2. To bind over with a band.

And by his mother ftood an infant lover.
With wing) unfledg'd, his eyes vtn banded over.

Bryden.

Bands of a Saddle, are two pieces of iron

BAN

nailed upon tlie bows of the faddle, to
hold the bows in the right fituation.
E(a'ndage. n.f, [bandage, Fr.]

1. Something bound over another.

Zeal too had a place among the reft, with a
bandage over her eyes ; though one would not have
expected to have feen her reprefented in fnow.

Addifon.
Cords were fattened by hooks to my bandages,
which the workmen had girt round my neck.

Sivift^s Gulliver,

2. It is ufed, in furgery, for the fillet or
roller wrapt over a wounded mem-
ber ; and, fometimes, for the aft or
praftice of applying bandages.

Ba'udbox. n.f. [from ^«W and ^oa:.] A
flight box ufed for bands, and other
things of fmall weight.

My friends are furprifed to find two bandboxes
among my books, till I let them fee that they are
lined with deep erudition. Addijon..

With empty bandbox (he delights to range.
And feigns a diftant errand from the 'Change.

Cay^s *trivia^
Ba'ndelet. n.f. [bandelet, Fr. in archi-
teclure.] Any little band, flat mould-
ing, or fillet.
Ba'ndit. n.f. [bandito, Ital.] A man.
outlawed.

No favage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer.
Will dare to foil her virgin purity. Miltm».

No bandit fierce, no tyrant mad with pride.
No cavern'd hermit, reds felf fatisfy'd- Pope,.
Bandi'tto. n.f. in the plural banditti,
[bandito, Ital.]

A Roman fworder, and banditto l\i\c,
MurderM fweet TuUy. Sbahcfpeare.^

Ba'ndog. n. f. [from ban or band, antl
dog. The original of this word is very
doubtful. Cains, De Canibus Britannia
cis, derives it from band, that is, a
dog chained up. Skinner inclines to de-
duce it from bona, a murderer. May
it not come from ban, a curfe, as we
fay a curji cur ; or rather from baund^.
fwelled or large, a Danijh word ; from,
whence, in fome countries, tiiey call a
great nut a ban-nut f^ A kind of lirge-
dog.

'X he time of night when Troy was fet on (ire.
The time when fcieech-owls cry, and bandogs howl.
Shake ptare' s Henry VI..
Or privy, or pcrt^if an) bin.
We hnvegreat bandings -nWi tear their (kin. Spcnfcr,
Bandole'ers. n. f [bandouUers, Fr.J
Small wooden cafes covered with lea-
ther, each of tl'.em containing powder-
that is a fufficient charge for a mu&et.
Ba'ndrol. n.f. [banderol, Vr.] A little
flag or flreamer ; the little fringed filk
flag tliat hangs on a trumpet.
Ba'ndy. «./ [from i^««;/,»r, Fr.] A club
turned round at bottom, for ftriking a
ball at play.
To Ba'ndy. ■v. a. [probably from bandy,.
the inftrument with which tliey llrike
balls at play, which, being crooked,.
is named from the term bander ; as,
bander un arc, to firing or bend a bow.]'
I. To beat to and fro, or from one to-
another.

They do cunningly, from one hand to another,
bandy the fcrvittiJc like a tennis bi.il. Spenfer.

And like a ball bandy\i 'twixt pride and wit,
Rather than yield, both fides the prize will '.juit.

Vinkttm*
Wijac

BAN

BAN

BAN

Whit from the trop'.ck* c»n the e«rtfc repel }
Wliat viguruui arm, what repercuflivc blow,
BanJiet the mighty globe ftill to and tVo ? Blackm.

2. To exchange ; to give and take reci-
procally.

Da jfou ianJji looks with me, jou tafcal?

Sbakeffeart.
'Tis not in thee
To grudg* my plcaruriis, to cut oiF m^ train,
To TaKjy haliy words. Siakrfpeare

3. To agitate ; to tofs aboitt.

This hath been fo handird amongit Mi, that
cne can hardly niifs bookii of thi^ kind. Lech-

Ever fincc men have been united into govern-
ments, the endeavours after univerfal monarchy
li:ivc been KtulieJ among then™ £iaift.

Let not obvi.'us and known troth, or-ibmcof
the molt plain jiid certain propjfitions, be tandictt
about in a difputacion. Walls.

ff1»BA'^f BV. 1'. n. To contend, as at fome
^ame, in which each ftrives to drive
ihe ball his own way.

No fimple man that .^fees
"This {i&\G^ibandyhig of their favourites,
3ut that he dorh prcfage fome ill event. Sbak^fp.

A valiant fon-in-law thou Ihalt enjoy :
One fit to iardy with thy laulefs fons.
To rulfle in the commonwi:alth. Shtiltffure-

Could let up grandee againll grandee,
To ftjiiamler time away, and bandy ;
.Made lords and commonei^ lay lieges
"To one one anotlicr's privileges. HuAihras.

After all the bandyhg attempts of refolution,
It is as much a queftion as ever. GiawWe,

Ba'ndvleg. n.f. [from bander, Fr.] A
.crooked leg-
He tells aloud your greateft failing,
Nor makes a fcruplc to expofe
Vour bardylcg, or crooked nofc. f!iuifi,

SA'NDyLE.GGED. aJJ . [froHl Baniijleg.'\
Having crooked legs.

The tthiopians had an one-eyed bandylegged
prince ; fuch a perfun would have made b.it an
odd figure. CJlier,

BANE. n.y. [bana. Sax. a murderer,]
i, Poifon.

Begone, or e!fe let me. 'Tis bane to draw
The fame air with thee. Ben Jmjm.

All good to me becomes

Saner, and in beav'n much worfe would he my

Aate. Milun.

They with fpeed

Their courfc through thickell conAellations held,

Spreading their i»-iif. Mdlcn.

Thus am I doubly arm'd ; my death and life.
My bane and antidote, are both before rac.
This, in a monwnt, brings me to an end ;
But that informs me I Ihall never die. Addifcn.

i. That which dellroys ; mifchief; ruin.

Inl'oler.cy muft be reprcft, or it will be the hane
of the Chriftian religion. Hii^kcr,

I will not be afraid of death and bane.
Till Birnam forell come toDunfmanc. Shakcf^care.

Suffices that to mc rtrength is rp\ bare,
And proves the fuurce of all my mifcries. Milton,

So cntertai.i'd thofc odorous fwcets the fiend.
Who came their bane, Milan,

Who can oir.it the Gracchi, who declare
The Scipios worth, thol<^ tliunderbolts of wir.
The double banc of Carthage? Drydcr,.

Falfc religion is, in its nature, the grciteft htine
anddcllru£tion to po\T:rnment in the world. South.

^0 Bane. f. a. [from the noun.] To poi-
fon.

What if my houfc be troubled wirh a r.it,
And 1 be pleasM to give ten ihoufond ducats
To have ic band? Shakef]>iare.

Ba'neful. oilj. [from i«nf and/a//.]
I. Poifonou.'.

For voyaging to learn the direful art,
To taint with deadly drugs the b.irbed dart ;
Obfervant of the |ads, and lleinly ju!t,
Itus refui'd tu inipart the baneful trull. Fof{.

1. Deftruftive.

'1 he fiiver eagle too it Cent before,
Which I do hope w'll prove to them as ianeful,
As thou conceiv'll it to the commonwealth.

Ben yonjen,
The nightly wolf is baneful to the fold,
Storms to the wheat, to buds the bitter cold. Dryd.
Ba'nefulness. ». /. [from iaite/uL]

Poifonoufnels ; deftruftivenefs.
Ba'newort. »./. [from iaitt and •wert.']
A plant the fame with dtadly nightfiade.
To Banc. 'v. a. [t^f/^o/t-w, Dutch.]

1. To beat ; to thump ; to cudgel : a low
and fanniliar word.

One riceiving from them fome affronts, met
with them handfomely, and banged them to goou
purpofe. Hrniel.

He having got fime iron out of the earth, put
it into his fervants hands to fence with, and bang
one another. Locke.

Formerly I was to be banged becaufe I was too
ftrong, and now becaufe 1 am too weak, to refill j
I am to be brougiit down when too rich, and op-
preflcd when too poor. j^rbutbnit.

2. To handle roughly; to treat with vio-
lence, in general.

The defperate temped hath fo bang'd the Turks,
That their defignmcnt halts. Shaktfpeare.

You Ihould accoll her with jells fire-new from
the mint ; you Ihould have banged the youth into
dumbnefs. Shakejpeari.

Bang. n.f. [from the verb.] A blow;
a thump ; a (Iroke : a low word.

I am a bachel.>r That 's ti fay, t ey are f 'Oh

that marry ; you'll bear me a bang for that. $bak.

With many a fttft' thwack, many a ban^.
Hard crabtrec anJ old iron rang. Hudibras,

I heard fcveral langs or buffets, as I thought,
given to the eagle that held the ring of my box in
his beak. Siuifl'i CulUvir.

To Ba'kgi. E. 1). a. To wade by little and
little ; to fquander carelefsly : a word
now ufed only in converfation.

If we bangU away the legacy of pv^ace left us bv
Chrill, it is a fign of our wantof rega-d for hini.

Duly of Alan.
To BA'NISH. V. a. [banir, Fr. banie, low
Lat. probably from ban, Teut. an out-
lawry, or profcription ]

1. To condemn to leave his own country.

Oh, fare thee well!
Thofe evils thou repeat ll upon thyfclf
Have hamjh'd me from Scotland. Shakeffeare.

2. To drive away.

Bar^ijh bufinefs, banijh forrow.

To the God' belongs to-morrow. C;mky.

It is for wicked men only to dread God, and to

endeavour to hanijb the t!ioughts of him out of

their minds. Tilkifon.

Succefslefs all her foft carefles prove,
To bawJJj fiO;n his bread his ciuntry's love. Pope.
B.'^'nisher. n.f. [from ban! fi."] He that
forces another from his own country.

In mere fpite.
To he fuM quit of thofc my banifhen.
Stand I before thee here. Shaiefpeare.

Ba'nishment. n.f. \bamjfemetit , Fr.]

1. The ad of banifhing another; as, he
fecured liimfelf by the banifliment of his
enemies.

2. The Hate of being baniflied ; exile.

NftAf go we in content
To liberty, and not to bamjhmcnf. Shakf^eare

Round the wide world in ban'ijhmen: we roam,
Forc'd from our p'.eafi;ig fieUs .md native home.

Dry den

BANK. tt.r. [banc, Saxon.]
1. Thce.Trth arifing on eaclifide of a water.
We fay, properly, \heJhori: of the/jn,

and the hauks of a rivtr, hrook, or tssaXX
water.

Have you not made an univerfal fliout,
That Tyber trembled underneath Hiibank T Sbakw

Richmond, in Devonlhire, fent out a boat
Unto the Ih ire, to a(k thole on the bankt.
If they were his alTillanu. Hhakefptartt

A brook whofe ftream fo great, fo good.
Was lov'd, was honour'd as a flood j
Wbofe^ijn i the Mules dwelt upon. Crajha'w,

'Tis happy when our ftreams of knowledge flow
To fill their idAjli, but not to overthrow. Denhantt

0 early loll ! what tears the river fhed.
When the lad pomp along his banks was led ! Pope,

2. Any heap of earth piled up.

They befiegedhim in Abciof Bethmaachah, and
they cad uf^ibank againll the city ; and it flood
in the trench. Samuel.

3. [from banc, Fr. a bench.] A feat or
bench of rowers.

Fiac'd on rneir banks, the ludy Trojans fweep
Neptune's fmooth face, and cleave the yielding
deep. IValler,

Mean time the king with gif:s a vefTel ftores,
Supplies the banks with twenty chofen oars. Dryd,

1 hat banks of oars were not in the fame plain,
but railed above one another, is evident from de-
fcriptions of ancient Ihips. Arbuihnot,

4. A place where money is laid up to be
called for occafionaily.

Let it be no bank, or common flock, but every
man be madcr of hi:, own money. Not that I al-
together miflike banks, but they will hardly be
brookrd. Bacon's Effays,

This mafs of treafurc you fhould now reduce;
But you your dure have hoarded in hmtbank. -

D.r.tam,

There pardons and indulgences, and giving men
a fharc in faints merits, out »{ the common bank
and trcalury of the church, which the pope has the
fole cud dy of. Saith,

5. The company of perfons concerned in
managing a bank.

■Ttf Bank. <v. a. [from the noun.]
t. To inclofe with banks.

Amis the cliffs
And burning fands, that bank the flirubby vales.

Thomfon*

2. To lay up money in a bank.

Bank-bill. n.f. [from bank and bill.^
A note for money laid up in a bank, at
the fight of which the money is paid.

L°t three hundred pounds be paiu her out of my

ready m(mey, or i<2iil-ii//i. Swift,

Ba'nker. n.f. [from bani."] One that

trafficks in money ; one that keeps or

manages a bank.

Whole droves of lenders crowd the banker'i doors,
To call in money. Dryden.

By powerful charms of gold aid filver led,
The Lombard barkers and tlic 'change to w tile.

Dryden,
Ba'nkruptcy. n.f. [(torn banknipt.'\

1. The ftateof a man broken, or bankrupt.

2. The ail of declaring one's fe'f bank-
rupt ; as, he railed the clamours of his
creditors by a fudden bankruptcy.

Ba'nkrupt. adj. [^ianjumiitc, Fr. banco-
rotto, Ital.] \}x debt beyond the power
of payment.
The king's grown bankrupt, like a broken man.

Shakefpeait,
Sir, if you fpend word f ^r word with me,
I fhall make your wit bankrupt. Shakefpeare,

It is faid that the money-changers
of Italy had benches, probably in the
burfe or exchange ; and that when any
became iiilolvent, his ban 0 was roito,
his bench was broke. It w.is once
written bankeraut, Bankerout is a verb.

Dainty,

I

BAN

Dainty bits
Mikt r'lcli the ribs, but banhmut thi! wits. Shai.

B a'n K R u p T . ». /. A man in debt beyond
the power of payment/

Pcrkin gathered together a power, rtither m
number nor in hanJincfs contemptible; but, in
their fortunes, to be feared, being ianirufti, and
many of then; felons. Bacon.

It is with wicked men as •'th a bar.lraft : wlicn
lis creditors are loud and clamorous, ani fpeak
big, he giveth them many good words. Calamy.

In vain at court the bankrupt pleads his caufe ;
His thanlclefs country leaves him to her laws. Fo^e.

To Ba'nkrupt. 'v.a. To break ; todif-
able one from fatisfying his creditors.

We caft off the care of all future thrift, becaufe
wc ar« already bankruptfd* Hammc-nd.

Ba'nner. n. f. \banmere, Fr. banair,
Welfli.]

1. A flag ; aftandard; a military enfign.

From France there comes a power, who already
Have fecret fpies in fome of our bcft ports,
And are at point to ilicw their open banner, Sbai.

AU io ^ moment through the gloom were feen
Ten thouiand banners rife into the air.
With orient colours waving. Milton.

He faid no more ;
But left his lifter and his queen behind.
And wat*d his royal banner in the wind. Dryden.

FirM with fuch motives, you do wcU to join
With Cato's foes, and follow Caefar's banners.

MJiJin.

2. A ftreamer bom at the end of a lance,
or el fc where.

Ba'nneret. X. /. [from ianiier.'] A
knight made in the field, with the cere-
mony of cutting off the point of his
ftandard, and making it a banner. They
are next to barons in dignity; and were
anciently called by fummons to parlia-
ment. Blount.
A gentleman told Henry, that Sir Richard
Croftes, made banneret at Stoke, was a wile man j
the Icing anfwcred, he doubted not that, but mar-
velled how a fool could know. CamJen.

Ba'nnerol, more properly Banderol.
«./. [from bandirole, Fr.] A little flag
or .ftreamer.

K ng Ofwald had a banntrel of gold and purple
fet over his tomb. Camden.

Ba'nnian. n. /. A man's undrefs, or
morning gown, fuch as is worn by the
Bannians in the Eaft Indies.

B a'n NOCK. n.f. A kindofoatenor peafe-
meal cake, mixed with water, and baked
npon an iron plate over the fire ; ufed in
the northern counties, and in Scotland.

BA'NQUET. n.f. {banquet, Vt. banchetio,
ital. ■va/tqueto. Span.] A feaft ; an en-
tertainment of meat and drink.

If a fading day come, he hath ou that day a
ianfltet to make. Hicker.

In his commendations 1 am fed j
It is a banquet to me. Sbakefpeare.

Yon cannut have a perfirft palace, except you
hive two fides j a lide for the banquet, and a lidc for
the houfchold \ the one for fcafts and triumphs, antl
the other for dwcUinp. Bacon.

Shall the companions make a banquet of him r
T.i3\\ they part him among the merchants ? jfob.

At that tailed fruit,
The fan, as firom Thyefttan banquet, tutn'd
H\s courfc intended. MUton. \

That dar";» prclV^r the toUi of Hercules
To dalliance, bartqaots, and ignoble e^fe. Dryden. .

TsBa'nqcet. f. a. [from the noun.]
To treat any one with feafts.

Welcome his friends,
Vifit his countrymen and banquet them. SbaMp.'

Vol.1. '

BAP

' They were banqueted by the way, and the nearer
they approached, the mott cncreafed the nobility.
Sir y, llaywaid.

To BA'Nt^uET. V. «. To feaft ; to fare
daintily.

The mind ffiall banquet, tho' the bndy pine:
Fat paunches make lean pates, and dainty bits
Make rich the ribs, but bankerout the wits. Shah.

So long as his innocence is his repaft, he feafts
and banquets upon bread and water. South.

I purpas'd to unbend the evening hours.
And banquet private in tlie women's bow'rs. Prior,

Ba'nqueter. tt. /. [from banquet.l
I . A feafter ; one that lives delicioufly.
z. He that makes feafts.
Ba'nciuet. HOUSE. 7 w.yr [from ^/Tff-

Ba'nqueting-house. \ quet and hou/e.']
A houfe where banquets are kept.

In a banqueiing-touje, among certain pleafant
trees, the table was fet near to an excellent water-
work. Sidney.

At the walk's end behold, how rais'd on high
A bai:quet-houfc falutes the fouthern Iky. Drydcn.

BAN^E'TTE. n.f. [Fr. in fortification.]
A fmall bank at the foot of the para-
pet, for the foldiers to mount upon when
they fire.

Ba'kstici-e. w.yT Afnialififli, called alfo
a ftickleback. Pungitiui.

To BA'NTER. -v. a. [a barbarous word,
without etymology, unleis it be derived
from badiner, Fr.] To play upon ; to
rally; taturn to ridicule ; to ridicule.

The magillrate took it that he bantered him, and
bade an officer take him into culiody. L'Ejirange.

It is no new thing far innocent fimplicity to be
the fubjefk of bantering drolls. L'Ejirange.

Could Alcinous' gueDs with-hold
From fcorn or rage? Shall we, cries one, permit
His icud ronr.ances, and \\i%.bant''ring wit i Tate.

Ba'nter. n.f. [from the verb.] Ridi-
cule ; raillery.

This humour, let it look never fo filly, as it _
paifes many times for frolick and banter, is one oi
the moft pernicious fn.irco in human life.

h'Ejirange.
Mctaphylicks are fo neccflary to a diftir.ft con-
ception, (olid judgment, and juft reafoning on
many fubjefts, that tbofe, who ridicule it, will be
fupptffcd to m;ike their wit and banter a refuge
and excufe for their own lazinefs. IVatts.

Ba'nterer. n.f. \ivOTa. banter. '\ One
that banters ; a droll.

What opinion have thefe religious hanterers of
the divine power ? Or what have they to fay for
this mockery and contempt ? L'Ejirange.

Ba'ntling. n.f. [If it has any etymo-
logy, it is perhaps corrupted from the
old word bairn, bairnling, a little child.]
A little child : a low word.

If the obje^ of their love
Chance by Lucina's aid to prove.
They feldom let the bantling roar,
lu b.ilkct, at a neighbour's door. Prior.

Ba'ptism. n.f. lbafitifmus,Lzt.i?a7rlio-f^k-]

1. An external ablution of the body, with
a certain form of words, which operates
and denotes an internal ablution or v/afli-
ing of the foul from original fin. Ayliffe.

Baptijm is given by water, and that prefcript form
of words which the church of Chrift doth ufc.

Hooker.
To his great baptifn flock'd,
V.'lth awe, the regions round j and with them came
From Nazareth tlie fon of Jofcph dcem'd,
Unmark't, unknown. Milton.

2. Bapiifm is often taken ia Scripture for
fufferings.

BAR

I nave a baptifm to be baptized with, «nd how
am I ftraitencd till it be accompli (hed ? Luke.

Bapti'smal. adj. [from haptifm.'\ Of
or pertaining to baptifm.

When wc undertake the baftifmal vow, and enter
on their new life, it would be apt to difcourage us.

Hanrmcnd.
Ba'ptist. n.f [bapi/e,Fr. ^airVm-]
He that adminifters baptifm.

Him the Bapliji foon
Defcry'd, divinely warn'd, and wicnefs bore
As to his worthier. Milton.

Ba'ptisterv. tt. f [laplijierium,hi.t.'\
The place where the facrament of bap-
tifm IS adminiftered.

The great church, baptijiery, and leaning tower,
are well worth feeing. Addifon.

reBAPTI'ZE. -v.a. \baftifer,'St. from
^airli^w.] To chriften ; to adminiftcr the
facrament of baptifm to one.

He to them jhall leave in charge.
To teach all nations what of him they learn'd.
And his falvation ; them who (liall believe.
Baptizing in the profluent ftream, the figit
Of walhing them from guilt of fin, to life
Pure, and in mind prepar'd, if fo befal.
For death, lilcc that which the Redeemer died.

MUton.

Let us refleft that we are Chriftians j that we

are called by the name of the Son of God, and

baptized into an irreconctleable enmity with fin,

the world, and the devil. Rogers.

Bapti'zer. n.f [from To baptize.] One
that chriftens; one that adminifters
baptifm.

BAR. n.f [barre, Fr.]

1. Apiece of wood, iron, or other matter,
laid crofs a pafTage to hinder entrance.

And he made the middle bar to Ihoot through
the boards from the one end to the other. Exodus.

2. A bolt ; a piece of iron or wood fattened
to a door, and entering into the poft or
wall, to hold the door clofe.

The filh-gjte did the fons of Hafienaah build)
who alfo laid the beams thereof, and fft up the
doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars
thereof. Nchemiah.

3 . Any obftacle which liinders or obftruils ;
obllruftion.

I brake up for it my decreed place, and fet bart
and doors, and faid, Hitherto flialt thou come, and
no farther. Jib.

And had his heir furviv'd him in due courfe,
Whatlimits, England, hadft thou found ? whatiar?
What world could have refilled ? Dan. Civ. fVar,

Hard, thou know'ft it, to exclude
Spiritual fubftance with corporeal bar. Milton.

Muft I new bars to my own joy create,
Rcfufe myfclf, what I had forc'd from fate ? Dryd.

Fatal accidents have ftt
A moft unhappy ^flr between yourfricndfliip. Hotce.

4. A rock, or bank of fand, at the en-
trance of a harbour or river, which
ftiips cannot fail over at low water.

5. Any thing ufed for prevention, or ex-
clusion.

IxA examination Ihould hinder and lett ypur
proceedings, behold for a iar againft that impe-
diment, one opinion newly added* Hobker.

Which Salique land the French unjuftly glote
to be
The founder of this law, and female bar. Shakefp.

6. The place where caufes of law are X,r\-
ed, or where criminals are judged ^ fo
called from the bar placed to hinder
crowds from incommoding the court.

The great duke
Came to the bar, where to his accufations
He pleaded ftiU not guilty. Hhtikefttart.

V ■ Sum*

BAR

Some It At htr with fpbtlety defend,
Or on the bench tlie knotty Uws untye. DryJin.

7. An inclofed place in a uvern or coffee-
houfe, where the houfekceper fits and
receives reckonings.

I WIS under fome apprehtnfion tint thev would
tpptal to mc i and theref ire laid down my penny
at the tar, and made the bell of my way. Addijor..

8. [In law.] A peremptory exception
agalnft a demand or plea brought by the
defendant in an aftion, that deflroys the
afUon of the plaintiff for ever. It is di-
vided into a bar to common intent, and
a bar fpecial : a tar to a common in-
tent, is an ordinary or gener.1l bar, that
difables the declaration or plea of the
plaintiff; a bar fpecial, is that which
15 more than ordinary, and falls out in
the cafe in hand, upon fome fpecial cir-
cumftance of the faft. Co--well.

Baftardy is laid In bar of fomething that is
principally commenced. Ayliffe.

9. Any thing by which the compages or
ftrufture is held together.

I went down to the bottoms of the mountains :
the earth, with her ben, was about me for ever.

yctiah,

10. Any thing which is laid acrofs ano-
ther, as bars in heraldry.

1 1 . Bar of Geld or Silver, is a lump or
wedge from the mines, melted down in-
to a fort of mould, and never wrought.

12. Bars of a Horfe. The upper part of
the gums between the tufks and grinders,
which bears no teeth, and to which the
bit is applied, and, by its fridlion, the
horfe governed.

13. Bars, in Mufick, are ftrokes drawn
perpendicularly acrofs the lines of a
piece of raufick ; ufed to regulate the
beating or meafure of mufical time.

14. Bar, in African traffick, is uftd for a
denomination of price ; payment being
formerly made to the Negroes almoll
wholly in iron bars.

Earshot, n.f. Two half bullets joined
together by an iron bar ; ufed in fea en-
gagements for cutting down the mafts
and rigging.
To Bab. 'u. a. [from the noun.]
J, To fallen or ftiut any thing with a bolt,
or bar.

My duty carniot fulfer
T* obey in all your daughter's hard commands j
Though their injunQion be to bar my doors,
And let this tyrannous niglit take hold upon you.

Sbnifjprare.
When you bar the window-ftiutters of your la-
dy's bed-chamber at nights, leave open the falhes ,
to let in air. Sivift.

». To hinder ; to obftruft.

When law can d» no- right,
Let it be lawful, that law bar no wrong. Sheiifp.

3. To prevent ; to exclude ; to make im-
prafticable.

The houfes of the country \*«re ill ftattcrcd,
and yet not fo far ofl'as that it barrtJ mut^'ni fic-
cour. SiJuy.

Dath it not feeni a thing Tery probable, thit
Cod doth purp-)fely add, Do after my judgments;
as giving thereby to und^rftand, thjt his- rnein-
Ing in the former fcntencc was but to bar fimili-
tude in fuch things as were repugnant to his ordi-
nances, laws, and ftatutcg ? Hooker.

4. T» detain, by excluding the claimants ::
with yroOT,

BAR

Hath he fet bound» between their Io»e and tne ?
I am their raothcr ; who Ihall bar Attn from me ?

Shakefpeari.

5. To fhut out : whh from.

Our hope of Italy not only loft.
But (hut from cv'ry {hoie, and larr'J frim ev'ry

coaiT. Dryiitr,

6. To exclude from ufe, right, or claim :
withyro»i before the thing.

God hath abridged it, by barring aafnm fome
things of themfdves inuift'crent. Hooktr.

Give my voice on Richard's fide.
To bar my mdfter's heirs in true dcfcent !
God knows 1 will not. Sbakefpcarc.

His civil afts do bind and bar them all j
And as from Adam all corruption take.
So, if the father's crime be capital,
In all the blood law dotli corruption make.

Siry. Dav'iet.

It was thought fufScient not only to exclude
them from that benefit, but to bar them/rcm their
money. Ctarcndcn.

If he is qualified, why is he barred the profit,
when he only performs the conditions ? Col. on PriJe.

7. To prohibit.

For though the law of arms doth bar
The ufe of venom'd fliot in war. Hudibau

What is a greater pedant than a mere man of
the town .' Bar him the playhoufes, and you ftiike
hini dumb. Addijon,

8. To except ; to make an exception.

Well, we (hall fee your bearing —
Nay, but I bar to-night ; you fhall not gage me
By what we do to-ni^ht. Shaktjpeare,

9. [Inlaw.] Tohindertheprocefsofafuit.

But buff and belt men never know ihefe cares ;
No time, nor trick of law, their aflion ban :
Their caufc they to an eafier ilTue put. Drydcn.

From fuch delays as conduce to the finding out
of truth, a criminal caufe ought not to be barred* ■

Aylife.

If a bilhop be a party to a fuir, and excom.nu-
nicates his adverfary, fuch excommunication fhall
not difable or bar h"« adverfary. Ayliffe.

10. To bar a. vein.

This is an operation performed upon
the veins of the legs of a horfe, and other
parts, with intent to flop the malignant
humours. It is done by opening the fkin
above it, difengaging it, and tying it
both above and below, and firiking be-
tween the two ligatures.
BARB. n.f. [/5<j;-^«, a beard, Lat.]

1. Any thing that grows in the place of a
beard. ■

The barbel is fo called, by reafon of the barb or
wattels at his mouth, or under his chaps.

H-'alton's Angler.

2. The points that ftand backward in an
arrow, or filliing-hook, to hinder them
from being extradted.

Nor 1-fs fir Sjiartan fear'd, before he found
Thclhining/^tfriapiearabove thewound. Fife's 11.

3. The armour for horfes.

Their lijiica were naked, without any ba-bi ;

for albeit uuny brought jar^i, lew i-egarded to put

them on. Hayivard.

Barb. ». /. [contrafted from Barbary.]

A Barbary horfe.

Hoifes brouy .L from Barbary, are commonly of
a (lender Ijgbi fizc, and very lean, ulually cliofen
for Itillions. S.irbt, it is. faid, may die, but never
grow old; the vigour and mettle of barbs ncvc
ceaf; bu: with their life. Furrier's DiS.

7a Barb. f. a. [from the noun.]
I. To (have ; to drefs out the beard.

i>)\avc the head, and tie the bead, and fay it
wa, the dtCu'^ of the penitent to be fo barbed bcfoie
his J-iatti. Shattfpeare.

a. To furnifh horfes with armour. See
Barbed..

BAR

A warriour train
That like a deluge pour'd upon the plain ;
On borbtd deeds they rode, in proud array,
1 hick as the college of the bees in May.

Drydtn't Fabltt.

3. To jag arrows with hooks.

'1 he twanging bowi
Send (bowers of (hafts, that on their barbed pointi
Alternate ruin bear. Piilift.

Ba'rbacan. n.f. lbarbacane,Fi. baria-
cana. Span.]

1 . A fortification placed before the walls
of a town.

Within the barbatan > porter fate,
Day and night duly keeping watch and ward :

Nor wight nor word m tc pafs out of the gate.
But in good order, and wi h due regard. Fairy iQ.

2. A fortrefs at the end of a bridge.

3. An opening in the wall through which
the guns are levelled.

Barba'does CA/rr)i. [malfhigia, Lat.]
In the Wed Indies, it rifes t) be fifteen or fix-
teen feet high, where it produces gri;at quantities of
a piealant tart fruit ; propagated in gardens there,
but in Europe it is a curiofity. Mtller,

Barba'does Tar. A bituminous fub-
ftance, differing little from the petro-
leum floating on feveral fprings in Eng-
land and Scotland.

Wood'ward's Method of Foffih.

Barba'rian. n.f. [barbarus, Lat. It
feems to have figniSed at firll only a. fo-
reign or i foreigner; but, in time, impli-
ed Ibme degree of wildnefs or cruelty.]

1 . A maa uncivilized ; untaught ; a la-
vage.

Froud Greece all nations elfc barbarians held,
BoalUng, her learning all the world exceli'd.

Denbam*

Theic were not different gods among the Greeks
and barbarians* StiUingJieet*

But with dcl'cending (how'rsof brimilonefir'd,
The wiid barbarian in the dorm expir'd. AJdifvn*

2. A foreigner.

1 would they were barbarians, as they are.
Though ill Rome I tter'd. Shakifp- Ccrislanus,

3. A brutal monfter ; aman without pity :
a term of reproach.

Thou fell barbarian I
What had he done ? what could provoke thy mad-

nefs
To a(ra(rinatc fo great, fo brivc a man ? A. Pbilifs.

Barba'rian. adj. Belonging to barba-
rians ; lavage.

Some felt tiie filent ftroke of mould'ring ag?,

Barbanan blinJnefs. P^fie*

Barba'rick. adj. [barbaricui, Lat. ir»

a different fenle, it means in Latin

<wrought, fretted.'] Foreign ; far-fetched..

The gorgeous Eaft, with riclied band,
Show'rs on her kings harbariik pearl and gold.

ParadifeLijt..
The eaftern front was glorious to bthold.
With diamond flaming and barl^arick gold. Pc^e.
Ba'rbarism. n.yl [barbari/mui, Lat.]

1. A form of fpeech contrary to the purity
and exadnels of any language.

The language is as ncjr appioaching to it. as
our moicrn barbarifm willalloWj whit:h is all that
can be expefted from any now extant.

Drydens ywiteral. Dedication*

2. Ignorance of arts ; want of learning.

1 h.ive for barbarifm fpoke mote
Than for that angel knowledge you can fay. Stai..

The genius of Raphael having, fucoeeded to tlje
times of barbarifm and ignorance, the knowledge
of painting is now arrived to perfcftion.

Drjdcn's Dufrifmy, Preftice.

'' 3- Brutality f,-

BAR

BAR

BAR

3. Brutality; favagenefs of manners ; in-
civility.

Moderation ought to be haJ in tempering and
managing tlic iriih, to bring them from their de
light of licentious btirlfarifm unto tre iove of good-
nefs and civifKy. Sj-enfir'iJreltind,

Divers great monarchies have nfen from bar-
banjm to civility, and fallen again to ruin.

Daiirs en IrJur.d^

4. Cruelty; barbarity; unpitying hard-
nefs of heart : not in ufe.

Triey mutt perforce have melted,
An\i harbiirijm\tW\i havepiticdhim- .'?i»iii. i?/ri.II.
Barba'rity. n.f. [^{rom barbarous "l

1. Savagenefs ; incivil ty.

2. Cruelty ; inhumanity.

And ti.ey did [rpat him with all the rudenefs,
reproach, ard barbunty imaginable. Clarcndcn.

3. Barbarifm; impurity of fpeech.

Next Pcfaxch foliowM, and in him we fee
Whit rhyme, improv'd in all its height, can be ;
At beft a pleaiing found, and Iweet barbarity • OryJ.

Lat.n expieile^ that In one word, which either
the ^iir/uri/y or narrow nefa of modern tongues can-
tiot iupply in more. Dryden.

Aft'edicd refinements, which tnded by degrees
in many barbariim, before the CotlU had invaded
Italy. Sviifi.

BA'RBAROUS. adj. {barbare, Fr. 0«f-

1. Stranger to civility; favage ; uncivi-
lized.

What need I fay more to you ? What ear is fo
tarbarout hut hath heard of Amphialus ? Sidney.

The doubtful djm el dare not yet commit
Her fingle pcrfon to their barbarous truth. Fairy S^.

Thou art a Roman ; be not barbarous. Hbakijf.

He left governour, Philip, for his countiy a
Phrygian, and for manners more barbarous than
he that fet him there. Mace.

A barbarous country muft be broken by war,
before it be capable of government ; and when
fubdued, if it be not well planted, it will eftfoons
return to barbarifm. Daviis on Ireland.

2. Ignorant ; nnacquainted with arts.

They who rcftorcd painting in Germany, not
having thofe reliques of antiquity, retained that
barbarous manner. Dryden.

3. Cruel ; inhuman.

By their ^i;ri<irc«i ufage, he died vtrithin a few
days, to the grief of all that knew him. Ctartndon.
BA'uBAROUSLr. ad-v. [from barbarous. ]

1. Ignorantly; without knowledge or arts.

2. In a manner contrary to the rules oi'
fpeech.

We barbareufy call them bleft,
Wkilefwcllingcoffers break theirownersreft. Slefn.

3. Cruelly ; inhumanly.

But yet you barbaroujly murdered him. Dryden.

She wifhes it may profper ; but her mother
ufed one of her nicres very barbaroujly, Sf relator.
Ba'rbarousness. »./. [ftomlarbarouj.]
J. Incivility of manners.

Excel.cncies of mufick and poetry are grown
to be little more, but the one Addling, and tiie other
rhimjng j and arc indeed very worthy of the ig-
noiance of the friar, and the bjrbaroufne/s of the
Goths. Trmf/e.

2. Impurity of language.

it IS much degenerated, as touching the pure-
nrfi of fpeech j being overgrown with burharouf-
nefs. hrereitiwd.

3. Cruelty.

The harbarovjnejs of the trial, and the perfuafives
of the clergy, prevaited to antiquate it.

Hale's Common Laiv.

To'B f.' t.tf.cv t. "v. a. A term ufed in the

Weft Indies for drefling a hog whole ;

which, being fplit to the backbone, is

laid fiat upon a large gridiron, raifed

about two foot above a charcoal fire,
with which it is furrounded.

Oldfieid, with more than hirpy throat endued.
Cries, Send me, gods, a whole hn^barbecued. Pnpe.

Ba'rbecue. ti. /. A hog dreft whole, in

the Well Indian manner, 'j
Ba'rbed. fart. adj. [from To barb."]

1. Fiirnilhed with armour.

His g!ittering aimour he will command to ruft.
His barbed Heeds to ftables. Sbakeff. Richard II.

2. Bearded ; jagged with hooks or points.

If I conjefture right, no drirzling (how'r.
But rattling ftorm of arrows /;^r^V with fire. Afi/t.
Ba'rbel. n./. [barbus, Lat.]

1. A kind of fiih found in rivers, large and
ftrong, butcoarfe.

Ihe barbel is fo called, hy reafon of tlie barb
or wattels at his mouth, or under hs chaps.

JVallon's .Angler.

2. Knots of fuperfluous flelh growing up in
the channels of the mouth of a horfe.

Farrier's Dicl.
Ba'rber. n.f. [from To barb. '\ A man
who (haves the beard.

His chamber bein^ ftived with friends or fuitors,
he gave his legs, arms, and brearts to his fervants
to drefs i his head :^nA fjcc to his barber, his eyes
Co his letters, and his ears to petitioners* fVotton.

Thy Loift'rous look; ,
No worthy match for valour to alt'ail.
But by the barhir''^ razor belt fubdued. Milton.

What fyllera, Dick, has right averr'd
The caufc, why woman has no beard ?
In points like thcfe we mult agice ;
Our barber knows as much as we. Prior.

To Ba'rber. v. a. [from the noun.] To
drefs out ; to powder.

Our courteous Antony,
Whom ne^er the word of No woman heard fpcak.
Being iaritrV ten times o'er, goes to tke feaft.

Sbakrfpfare.

Barber-Chirurceon. «./ .^ man who
joins the praftice of furgery to the bar-
ber's trade ; fuch as were all fiirgeons
formerly, but now it is ufed only for a
low pradifer of furgery.

He put himfelf into barber-ebirurgeons hands,
who, by unfit applications, ratified the tumour.

fyifeman*s Surgery.

Barber-mokcer. n./. A word of re-
proach in Shakefpcare , which feems to
fignify a fop ; a man decked out by his
barber.

Draw, yoo rogue ; for though it be night, the
moon Ihinesj I'll make a fop of the moonihine
of you ; you whorefon, cullionly, barber •mrmger,
draw, Shakejfeare" s King Lear.

Ba'r berry, n.f. \barberis, Lat. or oxya-
canthm.'\ Pipperidge bulh.

The fptcies arc, i. The common barberry.
2. Barberry without Itoncs. 'I'bc firft of thefc
forts is very common in England, afwl often planted
for hedges. Miller.

Sarberry'ii a plant that bears a fruit very ul'eful
in houfewifery ; that which beareth its fruit with-
out itones is counted heft. Mortimer.
Bard. «. / {bardii,'Wc\(i\.'] A poet.

There is among the Iriih a kind of people called
bards, which are to them instead of poets j whole
profeiTion is to fet forth the pfaifes or difpraifcs
of men in their p icms or rhime ; the which arc
Iiad in high regard and eltimation among them.
Spenfer on Ireland.

And many bards that to the trembling chord
Can tune their timely voices cunningly. Fairy ^_

The bard who firft adorn'd our native tongue
Tun'd to his Britiih lyre this ancient fong,
Which Homer might without a blufh rehearfe.

Dryden.

BARE. ae/j. [bajie. Sax. lar, Dan.]

1 . Naked ; without covering.

The trees are bare and naked, which ufe both *•
cloath and houfe the kern. Spenjer on IrelanJ.

Then ftretch'd her arms t' embrace the body
biirc ;
Her clafping hands inclofe but empty air. Diydcn,^

In the old Roman rtatues, thefe two parts were
always bare, and cxpofed to view as much as our
hands and face. ^iddijcis*

2. Uncovered in refpeft.

Though the lords ufed to be covered whilft the
commons were bare, yet the commons would not
be bare before the Scottiih commiiliohers ; and fo
none were covered. Chrend^.n.

3. Unadorned ; plain ; fimple ; without
ornament.

Yet was their manners then but bare and plain;
For th' antique world excefs and pride did hate,

Sfenfef,

4. Detefted ; no longer concealed.

Thefe falfe pretexts and varniftiM colours failingf
£are in thy guilt, how foul tliou mail appear !

Milton,

5. Poor ; indigent ; wanting plenty.

Were it for the glory of God, that th^ clergy
/hculd be left as lare as the apottles, wheii tliey
had neither ftaft" nor fcrip ; God would, I hcpff,
endue them with the felf-fame affeflion,

Booher^s Preface*

Even from a hare treafury, my fuccel's has been
contrary to that of Mr. Cowley. Dryders,

6. Mere ; unaccompanied with ufual re-
commendation.

It was a bare petition of a ftate
To one whom they had puniftied. Sbakefpear\

Nor are men prevailed upon by bare words, only
through a defeat of knowledge; but carried, witli
thefe putfs of wind, contrary to knowledge. South*

7. Threadbare ; much worn.

You haye an exchequer of words, and no other
trcafurefor your followers; for it appears, by their
bare liveries, tbac they live by your forewords.

Sbakefpearcm

8. Not nnited with any thing elfe.

A defire to draw all things to the detarmination
of bare and naked Scripture, hath caufed much
pains to be taken in abating the credit of man*

Flooker*

That which offendeth us, is the great difgrace
which they ofter unto our cuftom oi bare reading
the word of Cod. Hooker*

9. Wanting clothes j flenderly fupplied
with clothes.

10. Sometimes it has of before the thing
wanted or taken away.

Tempt not tile brave and needy to defpair;
For, tho' your violence ftiould leave them bare
Oygold and filvcr, fwords and darts remain,

Dryden^s JuvenaU

Making a law to reduce intereft, will not raile
the price of land; itWill only leave the country
barer of money, Locke*

To Bare. 'v. a. [from the adjedlive.] Ta
firip ; to make bare or naked.

Tile turtle, on the bared branch.
Laments tli; wounds that death did launch.

Spenfer,

There is a fabulous narration, that an herb

groweth in tlic likencfs of a lamb, and feedeth

upon the grois, in fuch fort as it will bare the grafs

round about. Bacon^s Natural Uijlory*

Eriphyle here he found
Baring her breaft yet bleeding witii the wound.

Urydei^
H/ bar'd an ancient oak of all her boughs ;
Tiien on a rifing ground the trunk he pi ic'd,

Drydau
For virtue, when I point the pen.
Bare the mean heart that lurks beneath a ftar j
Can there be wanting, to defend her caule.
Light* of the diurch, or guardians oi the lavs }

Poft.

U 2 Bakc«

BAR

BAR

BAR

Bare, br Bore. The pnteritt of Jo bear.

See To Bear.
Ba'reBone. n. /. [from hare and bcne.l

Lean, fo that the bones appear.

Here comes leaa Jack, here comes lartttme :
how long i< it tgo. Jack, fmce thou faweft thy
own kaeet Sbai^peart'i Hfiry IV.

Ba'refaced. atlj. [from bare andyjj^r]

1. With the face naked ; not ma&ed.

Your French crowns have bo hair at all, and
then you will play ^arr^Affi/.

Stakefji. Midfummtr Night't Drcim.

2. Shamelefs ; unreferved ; without con-
cealment ; undifguifed.

The anin-.ofitifs encreafed, «Bd the parties ap-
peared barefaci:d againil each other. Clarendon.
It is moft certain, tiut htrefaccd bawdry is the
poorefl pretence to wit imaginable. Dryiir.

Barefa'cedly. adv. [from iare/aceJ.']
Openly ; (hamefully ; without difguife.

Though only fome profligate wretches own it too
iare/acrdlj, yet, perhaps, we fliould hear more, di J
»ot fear tic people's tongues. Lci-h.

Barefa'cedness. »;/. [from barefaced.']
EiFrontery ; aflurance ; audacioufnefs.

Ba'refoot. adj. [from bare and /«»/.]
Having no fhoes.

Going to find a barifmi brother out,
One of our order. Shakeff. Rnneo and yuliet.

Ba'refoot. adv. Without fhoes.

She mull have a hulband ;
I muft dance barefoot on her wedding-day. Sbati.

Ambitious love hath fo in me ofiended.
That btrefxt plod I the cold groond upon
With fainted vow. Sbalufpmre.

Envoys defcribe this holy roan, with bis Al-
caydes about him. Handing barefoot, bowing to the
earth. Mdijon.

Barefo'oted. adj. Being without (hoes.

He bimfelf, with a rope about his neck, bare-
footid, came to oS'er himfelf to the difcretion of
Lconatus. Sidney.

Baregna'wn. adj. [from bare and
gaantm.'] Eaten bare.

Know my name is loft.
By treafon's tooth bariptavin and cankcrbit.

Sbakffpeare*] King Lear.

Bar'ehe'aded. adj. [frotn bare aad bead.]
Uncovered in refpeft.

He, bareheaded, lower than his proud deed's neck,

fiefpdke them thus. SbakefpeareU Richard II.

Next, before the chariot, went two men bare-

■ bttdtd. Bacon.

The victor knight had laid his helm afide,
Barcheadedx popularly low he bowM. Drjd, Tables,
Ba'relY. adv. [from bare.]
I. Nakedly,
a. Poorly ; indigently,

3. Without decoration.

4. Merely ; only ; without any thing more.

The extsmal adminiilration of his word, is as
welt by reading barely the Scripture, as by explain-
ing the fatnc. Hooker.

The doke of Lancafter is dead ;
And living too, for now his fon is duke«—

■ ■ Barely in title, not in revenue. Sbak.Rich. II.

He barely nam'd the ftrect, promised the wine.
But his kind wife gave me the very fign. Donne.

Where the balance of trade barely pays for com-
modities with commodities, there money muft-bc
fcnt, or elfe the debts cannot be paid. Locke.

Ba'reness. «./ [from^ar^.]
I. Nakednefs.

So you ferve us
.STill we ferve you ; but when you have our rofes.
You barely leave our thorns to prick ourfelves.
And mock us with our bartntfs, Shakej'feare.

i. Leannefs.

For their poverty, I know not where they had
*hati and for their baren'f, they never learned
Ifaat of mc. Sbah'J^tari.

3. Poverty.

Weie ic lUipped of its privileges, ihd made as
like the primitive church for ttibareneji as its pu-
rity, itcould legally want all fucbpriviligci. Sourt.

4. Meannefs of clothes.
BA'RGAIN. a./, [barsen, WeWi ; bar-

gaigne, Fr.]

1. A contract or agreement concerning
the fale of fomeihing.

What is marriage but a very i«rpa;>i f wherein is
fought alliance, or portion, or reputation, with
fonie dcfire of ilTuei not the faithful nuptial union
of man and wife. Bacon.

No more can be due to me,
Than at the bargain made was meant. Donne.

2. The thing bought or fold ; a purciiafe ;
the thing purchafed.

Give mc bjt my price for the other t«ro, and you
(hall even have that into iYx bargain. VEfrange.

He who is at the charge of a tutor at home,
may give his fon a more genteel carriage, ".•itfi
greater learning into the bargain, than any at
fchool can do. Locke.

3. Stipulation ; interefted dealing.

There was a difference between courtelies re-
ceived from their mailer and the duke ; for that
the duke's might have ends of utility and bargain,
whereas their mailer's could not. Bacon.

4. An unexpefted reply, tending to ob-
fcenity.

Where fold he bargains, whlpftitch ? Drydcn.

As to bargains, few of them fecm to be excel-
lent, becaufe they all terminate in one fingle
point. Swift.

No maid at court is lefs afham'd,
Howe'er for felling bargains fam'd. Sioift.

5. An event ; an upfhot : a low fenfe.

I am forry for thy misfortune ; however we
muH make the beft of a bad bargain.

jirbutbnet's Hijiory of John Bull.

6. In law.

Bargain and fale is a contrail or agreement
raadc for manours, lands, &c. Mo the transfer-
ring the property of them from the bargainer to the
bargainee. Ctnoell.

TcBa'rcain. v.n. [from the noun.] To
make a contraft for the fale or purchafe
of any thing : often withyir before the
thing.

Henry is able to enrich his queen.
And not to feek a cjueen to make him rich.
So worthlefs peafants bargain fr their wives.
As market men for oxen, flieep, or horfe. Shak.

For thofe that arc like to be ip plenty, they may
be bargained for upon the ground. Bacon.

The thrifty (late will bargain ere they fight.

Vryden.

It is poflible the great duke may bargain for the
republick of Lucca, ty the help of his great trea-
fures. - Addifott on Italy.

Bargainee', n. f. [from bargain.] He
or Ihe that accepts a bargain. See
Bargain.

Ba'rgainer. n.f. [hom bargain.] The
perfon who proffers, or makes a bar-
gain. See Bargain.

BARGE, n.f. [bargie, Dutch, from barga,
low Lat.]

I . A boat for pleafure.

The barge Ihe fat in, like a bumifli'd throne.
Burnt on the water. Sbakefftare.

Plac'd in the gilded barge.
Proud with the burden of fo fwect a charge ;
With painted oars the youths begin to fwccp
Neptune's fmooth face. iValler.

z. A fea commander's boat.

It was confulted, when I had taken my barge
and gone afliorc, that luy (hip Hiould have fct f.iil
and left me. Aalcigb.

3. A boat for burden,

Ba'rcer. «./. [from barge.] The mao**
ger of a barge.

Many wafarers make themfelvet glee, by put-
ting the inhabitants in mind of this privilege; who
again, like the Campellians in the north, and the
London bargers, forOow not to baigne them.

Careu*s Survty of Cornwall*

BARK. «./ [bard, Dan.]

1. The ri>i or covcr-iiig of a tree.

Trees laft according to the ftrcii^ih and quantl^
of their fap and juice ; being wen munited by their
^Ariiragainll the injuries of the air.

Bacon's Natural Hijhry,
Ward'ring ia the dark,
Phyficians for the tree have found the hark. Dtyi'

2. A fmall fhip. [from barca, low Lat.]

The duke of Parma mult have fiown, if he
would have come into England; for he could
neither get bark not.mariner to put to fea.

Bacon on the War with Spain,
It was that fatal and perfidious bark.
Built in th' eclipfe, and rigg'd with curfes dark.
That funk fo low that fncred head of thine. JUiU,

Who to a woman trulls his peace of mind,
Trull< a frail iark with a tempelluous wind.

Granville,
To Bark, v. n. [biojican, Saxon.]

1 . To make the noife which a dog makfs
when he threatens or purfues>

Sent before my time
Into this breathing world, fcarce half made up.
And that fo lamely and unfajhionably.
That dogs bark at mc. Sbake/p. Richard 111.

Why do your dogs bark fo > be there bears i'
th' town ? Sbakejpeare's Mirry Wives of Windfor,

In vain the herdman calls bim back again ;
The dogs Hand off afar, and bark in vain. Onalcy,

2. To clamour at ; to purfue with re-
proaches.

Vile is the vengeance on the aflies cold.
And envy bafe, 10 hark atdeeping fame. Fairy S^,

You dare patronage
The envious barking of your faucy tongue
Againft my lo(d ! Shakeffeare.

To Bark. v. a. [from the noun.] Tp
flrip trees of their bark.

The feveteft penalties ought to be put upon
barking any tree that is not felled. Temple.

Thefe tiees, after they are barked, .and cut into

fliape, are tumbled down from the mountains into

the ilream. Addipn.

Bark-bared, adj. [from ^ari and, i(jr^.]

Stripped of the bark.

Excorticated and bark-bared trees may be-pre-
feivcd by nourVfliing up a Ihoot from the foot^
or below the ftrippcd place, cutting the body of-the
tree Hoping off a little above the flioot, and it will
heal, and be covered with bark* MortiiKer,

Ba'rker. n.f, [{tora bark.]

1. One that barks or clamours.

What hath he done more than a bafe cur ?
barked and made a noife ? had a fool or two to
fpit in his mouth ? But they are rather enanwcs of
my fame than mc, thefe barkers. Sin yivf/r,

2. [fromiari of trees.] One that is em-
ployed in ftripping trees.

Ba'rky. adj. [from iari.] Confiflingof
bark ; containing bark.
Ivy lb enrings ihi barky fingers of the elm.

Shaiefpeare^

BA'RLEY. »./.. [derived hy Junius frpm
"n, hordeum.]

It hath a thick fpike ; the calyx,' bufk, awoj
and flower, ai-e like thofe of wheat or rye, but the
awns arc rough ; the feed is fwciling in the middle*,
and, for the moH part, ends in a Iharp point, to
which the hulks are clofely united. Tho fpecieft
are, i. Common long-eared barley. 2. Winter or
fquare barley, by fome called big. 3. Sprat barley,
or battledoor harlc). All thcle forts of barley are
fuwn in the fpring of the year, in a dry time. In
fome very dry light laud, the barley is fowa early

in

BAH

in Mirch} but in ftrong clay«y foils it n Ttoti
fovvn till April. The fiuare iarty, or iig, is
ch'.cfly cultivated in the north of England, and in
Scotland : md is hardier than the other forts.

Sarlty is emollient, moiftening, and eipeflo-
tating ; iarlry was chofen by Hippocrates as a
proper food in inflammatory diHempers.

jirbiitbr.ot in Alkmnts.

BA'aLEYBRAKE. n. /. A kind of rural
play.

By neighbours {irais'd flie went abroad thereby,

At harltjbrakt her fweet fwift feet to try. Sidney.

Baklev broth, n. f. [from iarky aud

broth.] A low word fometimcs ufed for

ftrong beer.

Can Cidden water,
A drench for furreyn'd jades, their et.:r!<y troth,
peco(f\.'Jieir cold blood to fuch valiant htat ? Sirei.
Barley corn. «. / [from iarley and
cem.] A grain of barley; the begin-
ning of our meafure of length; the third

part of an ind».
A long, long journey, choak'd with brakes and
thorns,
111 meafur'd by ten thoufand iarfty corns. Tickill.

Barley mow. ». / [from barley aijd
mow.] The place where reaped barley
is flowed up.

Whenever by yon harley mow I pafs,
Before my eyes will trip the tidy lafs. Cay.

BARM. «'./. [burm, WeJfti ; beopm. Sax.]
Yeaft ; the ferment put into drink to
raake it work ; and into bread, to
Jighten and fwell it.

Are you not he
That fometimes make the drink bear no harm,
Miflead night wind'rers, laughing at their harm ?

Sbahej'^eare.
Try the force of imagination upon (laying tlie
working of beer, when the barm is put into it.

Baccn.

Ba'rmy. aJj. [from barm.] Containing
barm ; yeafty.

Tbcir jovial n'ghts in frolicks and in pUy
They pafs, to drive the tedious hnurs away ;
And their cold Itomachs with crown'd goblits cheer
Of windy cider, and of Ajrrty beer. Drydcv.

Barn.»./. [befin. Sax.] A place or houfe
for laying up any fort of grain, hay, or
llraw.

In vain the bartii\x'^€t t^eir promisM load ;
Hor.iarm at. aome, oor reeks arc hcap'd abroad.

Drydai.
I took notice of the make of larn: here : i.jv-
ing laid a frame uf wood, they place, at the foui
corners, four blocks, jr. fic'i a ihapc as neither
mice nor vermin can crrep up. yi^idi/o"

B.\'rnaC!,e. n. f. [probably of beajin.
Sax. a child, and aac. Sax. an oak.]

1. A kind of Ibell-fiQi that grow. upon
timber that lies in tlie fea.

2. A bird like a goo£e, fabulously fuppofcd
to grow on trees.

;ltis beyond, even an athei.'l's credulity atld im-
pudence, to iSum that the ficfl m<:n migiit gri;»
. upon trees, as the ITary goes about hamadet j oi
might be the lice of fomc vaft prodigious animals,
ivhofe fpccies is now eicttn£l. Bcnttcy,

And from the moil rcfin'd of iainti
As naturaiiy grow mifcreants,
A.bart^acUs turn Soian'.l gecfe
\ i th' iHands of the Orcadea. TluJ'ihrai.

3. An inftrument made commonly of irou
for the ufe of farriers, tohold a horfe by
the Tiofe, to hinder him from ftruggling
when an incifion is made. Farr. D'Ui.

BARO'METER. n.f. [from /Ja^®-, weight,
and ^sTjoe, meafure ■] A machine fur

BAR

aieafuring the weight of the atmosphere,
and the variations in it, in order chiefly
to determine the changes of the weather.
It differs from the barofcope, which
only fhews that the air is heavier at one
time than another, without Ipecifying
the diiference. The barometer is founded
upon the Torricellian experiment, fo
called from Torriceiii, the inventor of
it, at Florence, in 1643. It is a glafs
tube filled with mercury, horizontally
fealed at one end ; the other open, and
immerged in a bafin of ftagnant mer-
cury : lb that, as the weight of the at-
mofphere diminiQies, the mercury in the
tube will dcfcend, and, as it increafes,
the mercury will afcend ; the column
of mercury fufpended in the tube being
always equal to the weight of the in-
cumbent atmofphere.

The mcafuring the heights of mountains, and
finding the elevation of places above the level of
the fca, hath been much promoted by barome-
trical experiments, founded upon that eiTentiaj
property of the air, its gravity or preflurc. Ai.
the column of mercury in the barometer iscounter-
poifed by a column of air of equal weight, fo what-
ever caufcs make the air heavier or lighter, the
prelTure of it will be thereby incrcafcd or teHened,
and of confequence the mercury will rife or fall.

Harriu

Gravity is another property of air, wheri:by it
cauntccpoifes a column of mercury from twenty-
fcvcn inches and one half to thirty and one half,
the gravity of the at.Tiofphere varying one -tenth,
which are its utmoil limits ; fo that the exadl
fpccifick gravity of the air can be determined
when the barometer (lands at thirty inches, with a
m dcr.ite lioat of the weather, ylrbiiibnoi on Air.
Barome'trical. adj. [Ssoai barometer.]
Relating to the barometer.

He is very accurate m making haromttrifal ant'
thcrmti-'nctrical i-nflruincnts. Derh. Pbyfico-Thecl.

,BA'RON. ». y; [The etymology of this
word is very uncertain. Baro, among
the Romans, lignified a brave warriour,
or a biutal man ; and, from the firft of
tlicfe figniiications. Menage derives ba-
ron, as a t,;rm of military dignity.
Othprs ioppoie it originally to fignify
only a man, in which fenle baron, or
•varoH, is ftill \ired by the Spaniards :
and, to confirm this conjefture, our law
yet ufes barot and/emi/ie, hulband and
wife. Others dedace it from ber, an
old Gauli.h word, iignifying ccaiman-
d-.r ; others from the flebrew llJ, of
the fame import. Some think it a con-
tradlion of far homtne, or feer, which
fecms leall probable.]

1 1 . A degree of nobility next to a vifcount.
It may be probably thought, tliat anci-

eiidy, in England, all thofe were wiled
b.}'ons, that had fuch figniories as we
no.v call court barons : and it is fald,j
that, after the Conqueft, all fuch came
to the parliament, and fat as nobles in
the upper houfe. But when, by expe-
rience, it appeared that the parliament
was too much crowded with fuch multi-
tudes, it became a cuftom, that none
Hiouid come but fuch as the king, for
their extraordinary wifdom or qu.ality,
thought good to call by writ ; which
writ ran bac vice tantu/n. After that.

BAR

men feeing tliat this Hate of nobility wa»
but cafual, and depending merely on the
prince's pleafure, obtained of the king
letters patent of this dignity to them
and their heirs male ; and thefe were
called barons by letters patent, or by
creation, whofe pollerity are now thofe
barons that are called lords of the par-
liament; of which kind the king may
create more at his pleafure. It is never-
thelefs thought, that there are yet barons
by writ, as well as barons by letter*
patent, and that they may be difcerned
by their titles ; the barons by writ being
thofe that, to the title of lord, have their
own furnames annexed ; whereas the
barons by letters patent are named by
their baronies. Thefe barons, which-
were firft by writ, may now juftly alfo
be called barons by prefcription ; for that
they have continued barons, in them-
felves and their anceftors, beyond the
memory of man. There are alfo baront
by tenure, as the bilhops of the land,
who, by virtue of baronies annexed to
their bilhopricks, have always had place
in the upper houfe of parliament, and
are called lords fpiritual.
z. Baron is an ofiicer, as barons of the ex-
chequer to the king : of thefe the prin-
cipal is called lord chief baron, and the
three others are his afliftants, between
the king and his fubjedls, in caufes of
juftice belonging to the exchequer.

3. There are al^ barons of the cinque-
ports ; two to each of the feven towns^
Haflings, Winchelfea, Rye, Rumney,,
Hithe, Dover, and Sandwich, that have
places in the lower houfe of parliament.

Cotuelll

They that bear
The cloth of (late above, are four barons.
Ofthecirr^ue ports. Shakefpeare;

4. Baron is ufed for the huiband in relation'
to his wife. Cozuell.

5. A Baron of Beef 1% when the two firloin*
are not cut afunder, but joined together,
by the end of the backbone. Di£l,

Ba'ronage. n.f. [from bann.]

1 . The body of barons and peers.

His tha, rers of the liberties or England, and of
the forcft, were hardly, and with difnculty, gained
by his bdnrage at Stilnes, ./?.' D. 1115. Ug/tt

2 . The dignity of a baron.

3. The land which gi't's title to a baron.
Ba'roness. «. /. [baronejh, Ttal. bar^-

nijfa, Lat.] A baron's lady.
Ba'ronet. n.f. \pi baron, and et, dimi-
nutive termination.] The lowed degree
of honour that is hereditary: it is below
a baron and above a knight ; and has
the precedency of all other knights, ex-
cept tlie knights of the garter. It was
fird founded by king Jaiqes I. A, D.
1611. Conveil. But it appears, by the
following paffage, that the term was ia
ufe before, though in another fenfe.

King Edward Ml. being bearded and eroffed by
the clergy, was advifed to direft out his writs to
certain gentlemen of the beft .ibilities, entitling
them therein barons in the next parliament By
which means he had fo many baront in his par'«
lianKBt, as were able to weigh dowa- the clergy j

whicb

B A R

which biroiu vtn not afterwirds lords, but iara-
ntti, u fuodry of them do yet rcuin the name.

Ba'rony. n. f. [tamttnie, Fr. beopny,
Sax.] That honour or lordfliip that gives
title to a baron. Such are not only the
fees of temporal barons, but of bilhops
alfo. Coiuell.

Ba'roscope. n.f. [Ba.f&- andcrxexi'ii.] An
inHrument to (hew the weight of the at-
jnofphere. See Barometer.

U there was always a cjim, the equilibrium
could only be changed by the contents j wlierc th'-
winds are not variable, the alterations of the ia-
riiJcGpe arc very fmall. Arbuthnnt.

Ba'rraCan. n.f. [boiiracan, or barracan,

Fr.] A ftrong thick kind ot camelot.
Bti'rrack. n.f. [larracca. Span.] ■■

1. Little cabins inade by the Spani/h
filhermen on the fea (hore ; or little
lodges for foldiers in a camp.

2. It is generally taken among us for build-
ings to lodge foldiers.

B.i'rrator. n. /. [from harat, old Fr.
from which is (HU retained barateur, a
cheat.] A wrangler, and encourager of
law-fuits.

Will it not refleft as much on thy charafler,
Nic, to turn harraicr in thy old days, a ftirrer-up
of quarrels amongil thy neighbours P

Arbuihuii'i Hijiory of John Bull-

Ba'rratry. n.f. [from ^arra/trr.] The
praftice or crime of a barrator ; foul
pradice in law.

'Tis arrant barratry, that bears

Point blank an a^ion *agriinfl our taws. Hudibras.
Ba'rrel. //./. [^<jr;7, Welfli.]
I. A round wooden veffel to be flopped

clofe.

It hath been obfcrved by one of the ancients,
that an empty barrel, knocked upon with »he
finger, giveth a diapafon to the found t>( the like
barrel full. Bacon.

Trembling to approach
The little barrel, which he fears to broach. Dryd.
a, A particular meafure in liquids. A
harrel oi wine is thirty-one gallons and
a half; of ale, thirty-two gallons; of
beer, thirty-fix gallons ; and of beer-
vinegar, thirty-four gallons.

3. [In dry meafure.] A barrel of Eflex
butter contains one hundred and fix
pounds ; of Sufl'olk butter two hundred
and fifty-fix. A barret of herrings
fhould corttain thirty-two gallons wine
meafure, holding ufually a thoufand her-
rings.

Several colleges, inftead of limiting their rents
to a certain fum, prevailed with their tenants to
pay tlic price of fo many harith of corn, as the
market went. Swift

4. Any thing hollow ; as, the barrel of a
gun, that part which holds the (hot.

Take the barrel 01 a long gun pcrfe^.y boreJ.
fet it upright with the breech upon the groumi
and take a bul'et exaftiy fit for it 4 tlieii, if you
fuck at the mouth of the barrel evir fo geiitiv,
the bullet will come up fo ri.fCibly, that it w i.
hazard rhe ftriking out your teeth. Digb)

5. A cylinder ; frequej tly that cylinder
about which any thing is wound.

Your rtr.ng and b>w mult lie accommodated t"
your driU; if too weak, it will not carry about t*'
barrel. M xon

6. Barrel of tht Ear, is a cavity behind tli

EAR

tympanum, covered with a fine mem-
brane. />/-•/.
To Ba'r rel. f. a. [from the noun.] To
put any thing in a band for preferva-
ticm.

I would have their bsef beforehand barretkJ,
which may be ufed as is needed. Spinfer on Irtt.

Barret up earth, and low fomc feed in it, and
put it in the bottom of a pond. Bacon.

BA'RREL-BELr.iED. ;z<j)'. [fiom barrel znd
belly.] Having a large belly.

Dauntlcfs at empty noifcs ; lofty-r.cck'd.
Sharp-headed, barrel-eclly'4, broadly b ick'ii. Dryd.
B.^'RREN. aHj. [bape, S.ix. naked ; pro-
perly applied to trees or ground un-
fruitful.]

1. Without the quality of producing its
kind ; not prolifick : applied to animals.

Thiry hail'd him father to a line of kings.
Upon my head they plac'd a fruitlcfs crown.
And put a Ifjrren fccptrc in my griju".
No fin of mine fucceeding. Sbaliefpeare.

There Ih-ill not be male or female barren among
ynii, or among your cattle. Deuteronomy.

2. Unfruitful ; not fertile ; fterile.

The lituation of this city is pleafant, but the
water is naught, and the ground barren, a Kings,

Tclcmachus is far from exalting the nature of
his country } he confcfiijs it to bebarrea. Pope.

3. Not copious; fcanty.

Some fchemes will appear barren of hints and
matter, but prove to be fruitful. Siuifi.

4. Unmeaning ; uninventive ; dull.

There be ol them that will make themfelves
laugh, to fct on fomc quantity of barren fpe&^tors
to laugh too. Sbakeffeare.

Ba'rrenly. aJ'v. [from barren."} Un-
fruitfully.

Ba'rrenness. n.f. [from barren."}

1. Want of offspring ; want of the power
of procreation.

I pray'd for children, and thought barrenneft
In wedlock a reproach. Altltcn.

No more be mentioned then of violence
Againll ourfelves ; and wilful barrcnnfsf
That cuts n» off from hope. Milton.

2. Unfruitful nefs; ftcrility ; infertility.

Within the felf-fame himlct, lands have divers
degrees of value, through the diverfity of their
fertility or harrennejs. Bacon.

3. Want of invention ; want of the power
of producing any thing new.

The adventures of UlyClcs arc imitated In the
JP.ncU j th"*U(;h the accidents are not the fame,
which would have argued him of a total barrennefs
of nvcntion. Drydtn.

4. Want of matter ; fcantinefs.

The importunity of our advcrfaries hath con-
ftrained us longer to dwell than the barrenneft of
fo poor a caufc could have feemed either to require
or to admit. Ho'kir.

5. [In theology.] Aridity; want of emo-
tion or fenUbility.

The gratcfl f.iints fometimes arc fervent, and

fometimcs feci a barrennefs of devotion. Tayhr.

Ba'rren wort. n. f. [epimedium, Lat.]

The name of a plant.
Ba'rr pui.. adjr. [from iar andy}*//.] Full
of obftru(flions.

A. birrful fiu(e\
Whoe*er I wio, mvfelf would be his wife. Sbak.
Barrica'de. n.f. [barricade, Fr.]

1. A fortificatio;i, made in halle, of trees,
earth, waggons, or any thing elfe, to
keep off an att^ick.

2. Any (lop ; bar ; obftruftion.

'I heiu muft be fucn a barricade, as would greatly
annoy, or ablolutc'y ftop, the currents of the at-
mofphcce. Derbam.

BAR

To Barrica'de. t. a. [barricdder, Fr.]

1 . To Hop up a pa(rage.
Now all tile pavement founds with tiainpUn(

feet,
And the mi«thtirry barr'icadet the ftrect;
Entangled here, the waggon's Icngthcn'd team.

Cay.

2. To hinder by ftoppage.

A new vulcano continually difchargtng that
matter, which being till then barricaded up and
imprifoncd in the bowels of t}ie earth, was the
occalloB of vei7 great and frequent calamities.

fVcod^vardm
Barrica'do. n.f. [iarricada, Spa.n.] A
fortification ; a bar ; any thing fixed to
hinder entrance.

The .iccefs was by a neck of land, between the
fca on one part, and the harbour water, or inner
fea, on the other; fortified clean ovcrwii^ a ftrong
rampier and barricade. Bacon*

■To Barrica'do. i». a. [from the noun.]
To fortify ; to bar ; to flop up.

Faft we found, fall Ihut
The difmal gates, and barricado'd ftrong I Milton,
He had not time to barricado the dgors ; fo that
tile enemy entered. Clarendon.

The truth of caufes we find fo obliterated, that
It fecms almoft barricaded from any iatelleflual
approach. - ' • Harvey.

B a'r r I E R. n.f [barrkre, Fr. It i: fome-
times pronounced with the accent oa
the lall fyllable, but it is placed more
properly on the firft.]
1 . A barricade ; an entrenchment.

Safe in the love of heav'n, an ocean flows
Around our realm, a harrier from the foes. Pepe,

z. A fortification, or (Irong place, as on
the frontiers of a country.

The queen is guarantee of the Dutch, having
poflcflion of the barrier, and the revenues thereof,
before a peace. S^'ift,

3. A (lop ; an obdrnftion.

If you value yourfelf as a man of learning, you.
are building a mbrt impalTable barrier againil im-
provement. Watts,

4. A bar to mark the limits of any place.

Fur juits, and tourneys, and harriers, ihc glories

of them are chiefly in the chariots, wherein the

' challengersmakc their entries. Bacon.

Pris'ners t^ the pillar bound,

At either b.irrter plac'd ; nor, captives made.

Be f.ted, 01 artn'd anew. Dryden,

5. A boundary ; a limit.

But wave whate'er to Cadmus may belong.
And fix, O mu/e, the barrier of thy fong
At Oedipus. Pope's Statiui,

How Inftin£l varies in the gros'cling Twine,
Compared, half rcas*ni"g elephant ! with thine]
'Twixt that and reafon what a nice barrier !
For ever fep'rate, yet ftr ever near. Pope,

Ba'rrister. a.f. [from^ar.] A per (on
qualified to plead caules, called an ad-
vocate or licentiate in other countries
and courts. Outer barrifiers are pleaders
without the bar, to didinguiih them
from inner barrifiers ; fuch are the
benchers, or thofe who have been read-
ers, the counfel of the king, queen, and
princes, who are admitted to plead
within the bar. A counfel'or at law.

Blount. Chambers,
Ba'r ROW. n.f. [bepepe. Sax fuppofed by
Skinner to come from bear.} Any kind
of carriage moved ^jy the hind ; as, a
iand-barroiv, a frame of boards, with
handles .it each end, carried between
two men ; a ivbeJ-barroiv, that which
one man puthcs forward by raifing it
upon one wheel.

Have

B A S

B A S

B A S

Have I lived to be carried in > bafkct, like a
iarrwi of butcher's oiFai, and thrown into the
Thame. ? Siahjfeare.

; No ba^rtn'S^ wh''ei

Shall mark, thy ftockiii^ with a mirv trace. Gap

Ba'rrow. » /. [bipj. Sax.] A hog:
whence harro'ju greafe, or hog's lard.

Barrow, whether in the beginning or
end of names of pieces, fignifies a
grove ; from beaj'.pe, which the Saxcns
uled in the fame fenle. Git en.

Barrow is likewiie ufed in Cornwall for
a hillock, under which, in old times,
bodies have been buried.

To BA'RTER. 'u. n. [iara/ter, Fr. to trick
in traffick ; from harat, craft, fraud.]
To trafhck by exchanging one commo-
dity for another, in oppolition to pur-
chafmg with money.

As it they fcorn'd to trade and barter,
By giving or by taking quirter. Hudibrai.

A ii.an has not every thing growing upon his
ibil, and theicfore is wUling tu barter with his
neighbour. Cdlier

7q Ba'rter. -v. a.

1. To give any thing in exchange for
fomething elfe.

For him was I exchang'd and ranfom'd ;
But with a bafer man of arms by far
Once, in contempt, they would have barttrj mc

Shahf[>iarc.

Then as thou wilt difpofe the reft,

To thoie who, at the market rate.

Can barter hon vtr roreftate. Prhr.

I fee Tiotning left us, but to truck and ba te>

our goods, like the wild Indians, with each ctlie .

Sit if t.

2. Sometimes it is ufed with the panicle
a'way before the thing given.

If [hey will barter aiuny tncir time, metUlnks
.they fliould at leail have tome eafe in exchange.

Dicaj if Pielj

He alfo bartered atoay plums, that would havi-

rotted in a week, for nuts tliat would lall good fur

his eating a whole year. Luh.

Ba'rter. n.f. [from the verb.] The aft
Or praftice of trafficking by exchange of
commodities ; fomctimes the thing given
in exchange.

From EnjIanJ they may be furniflied with foch
things as the may want, and, in exchange or
karttr, fend other tbioga with which they may
abound. Baccn,

He who corrupteth Englifli with foreign words,
a as wife as ladies that change plate for chin*-;
for which the laudable traffick of old clothes ii
much the fairell barter. Fdtar.

Ba'rt e r e r. «./. [from barter.'] He that

trafficks by excharge of commodities.
Ba'rtery, It./, [from barter.'] Exchange
of commodities.

It is a received opinijn, that, in moll ancient
ages, there was only harttry or exchange of corn-
modi lies amongil moft nations. Camden' t Remains.

Ba'rt RAM. «./. A plant; the fame with

fellitory.

Ba'rton. n.f. The demefne lands of a

manour ; the manonr-houfe itfelf ; and

foraetimcs the out-houfes. Blount.

BASE. atlj. [has, Fr. be£h, Ital. baxo.

Span, haffui, low Latin ; /3ao-i?.]
I. Mean ; vile ; worthlefs : of things.

The harveft white plumb is a bafe plumb, and
the white da;e plumb are no very good pluml>s.

Bart.n.
Pyreinis was only famous for- counterfeiting
all baje things, as earthen pitchers, a fculleiy j
whereupon he was furDamcd RupographusJ*

£ta(bam.

2. Of mean fpirit ; difingenuons ;- illi-
beral ; ungenerous ; low ; without dig-
nity of fentiment : of perfons.

S;nce the periectiona are fuch in the party 1
love, as the feelirg of them caitnct come unto any
unnnble heart; Ihall th.it heart, lilted up t(vfuc^
a height, be counted bsfe f Sidrc-y.

It is bate in his adverfaries thus to dwell upon
the e^celTcs r,f a paffivtn. " yjtierlur-j.

3. Of low llition ; of mean acct^nut ; with-
out dignity of rank ; without hnnou-.

If the l.vids aud chief m -u dr^enciuce, what
Ihall be hoped of the pealantd ai.a iafrr p.-oile ?

Sp^rjer on Ireland.
If th.at rehel inn
Capie, like itfelf, in ktfc .tnd abj-ft routs.
You, reverend father, and thefe noble lords,
Had not been here. Hh^ikefpeare.

It Could noteife be, I ihould prove fo baft
To fue and be denied fuch common grace, Rtak.
And 1 will yet be more vile tlian this, and sviK
be bafe in mine o".vn fight. 1 S.im.

Infurreftions of baje people arc commonly mce
- furious in their beginnings. Bacon.

He, whofe mind
Is virtuous, is alone of noble kind ;
Though poor in fortune, of celeftial race ;
And he commits the crime who calls him bafe.

Drfder.

4. Bafe-born ; born out of wedlock, and by
confequence of no honourable birth ; il-
legitimate.

Why baHard ? whjrefore baft ?
When my dimenfions are as well Compact
As honcli madam's ifTue. Skaiefpeare

This young lord Inll hij life with his father ii
tiie field, and with thc.-n a bafe fon. Camden i Rem.

5. Applied to metals, without value. It
is uled in thif fenfe of all metal except
gold and filver.

A guinea is puie.gold, if it has nothing but go!i
in it, witliou: any alloy or haftr me*.al. Waii

'6. Applied to founds ; deep, grave. It
is more frequently written hajs, though
the comparative bajer feems to require

; bafe.

In pipes, the lower- the note holes be, and the
further from tlie mouth of th»pipe, the more hat,
f 'urd they yield. Bac'jn

Base-born. aeij. Bom out of wedlock.

But fpc thy baje-icrn child, thy babe of /hair.e.
Who, left by thee, upon our parilh came. Cay.
Base-coort. n.J. [bai cour, Fr.] Lower
court ; not the chief cojrt that leads to
the houfe ; the back-yard ; the farm-
yard.

My lord, in the lafe-cmrt he d.'.b attend.
To fpeak with yoii. Shakfffeare.

Base-mindeo. adj. Mean - fpirited ;
worthlefs.

I; figiiifieth, as it feemeth, no more than ab-

jeft, hafe-mindcd, falfe-hcjrled, coward, or nidget

CamLrCs Rctt:u!':s.

Base-viol. «. / [ufually written la/s-

'viol.] An inftrument which is ufed in

concerts for the bafe found.

At the fi ft jrin he call every human feature out
of his countenance } at the lecond, he became the
head of a bafe -vioi, yideifn.

Base. it.j. [bat, Fr. I'a/f.Lit.]
I. The bottom of any thing : commonly
ufed for the lower part of a building,
or column.

What if it tempt thee tow'rd the flood, my lord .'
Or to the dreadful fummit of the cliff.
That beetles o'er his bafe into the fo« .' Sbahfji.

Firm Dorick pillars f'und your folid bafe;
The fair Corinthian cr'wiis the higher fpace. Dryd.
And all below is ftrength, and all abort is grace.
Columns ofpoliHi'd marble, firmly fct
On (oldco ta/ei, arc his ie^t aad feet. JPritr.

z\ The pedellal of a ftatue.

Men of weak abilities in great place, are like
little fi.itues fct on great bajes, made the lefs by
the r advnnceir.cMt. . Bacon,

Wercury was patron of flocks, and the ancients
placed a ram at the'irf/eof his images. Broome,

3. ']"hat part of any ornament which hangs
down, aii houfings.

Phalaftus was all in white, having his bafes and
cap I'ifon embroidered. Sidney,

4. The broad part of any body; as, the
bottom of a cone.

5. Stockingsi or perhaps the armour for
the legs, [from bat, Fr.]

Nor ihall it cer be faid that wight.
With gauntlet blue and baft white.
And round blunt truncheon by his fide,
£0 great a man at arms defy'd. Hudifrau

6. The place from which racers or tilters
run ; the bottom of the field ; the car-
eer, the ftarting-poll.

He laid; to their ;ip,;ointcd bale they went;
With beating heart th' expcfting lign receive.
And, Itarting all at once, the b.irricr leave. Dryd,

7. The firing that gives a bafe found.

At thy well Iharpen d thumb, from Ihore to rtiore,
The trebles IVjueak for fear, the bafts roar. Dryden,

8. An old ruftick play, written by Skinner
bays, and in fome counties called fri/on
bars.

He with two ftriplings (lads more like to run
The country bafe, than to commit fuch flaughter)
Made good the pall'age. Sbakeffeare,

To Base. -v. a. [bajter, Fr.] To embafe ;
to make lefs valuable by admixture of
meaner metals.

I am doubtful whether men have fufficiently
refined metals, which we cann<it baf : as, whether
iron, brafs, and titi be letined to the height. Bacon^
Ba'sely. eidv. [from ba/e.]
I. In a bafe manner ; meanly ; difhonour- ^
ably.

'i he king is not himfelf, but bafiy led
By flatterers. Sbakeffeare,

A lieutenant bafely give it up, as foon as Elfex
in his pallage demanded it.- Clarendon,

With broken vowT his fame he will not {lain,
' With conci-iert bafely boujlit, and wiih inglorious
gain. Dryden,-

t. In ballardy.

Thcli: two Mitylenc brethren, bafely horn, crept
out of a fmall galliot unto the niajefty of great
kings. Knellet.

Ba'seness. n.f. [(xom ba/e.]

1. Meannefs ; vilencfs ; badnefi.

Such is the power of that fwect pallion,
That it all fordid bajcnefs doth expel. Spenfer,

Your foul's above th& bafenrft of diftruft:
Nothing but love coulj make you founjull. Dryd,

When a man's folly muft be fpread open bctbre
the aiigcls, aud all his bafcnefs ript up before thofe
pure fpirits, this will be a-double hell. South,

2. Vile nefs of metal.

We a.legcd the fraudulent obtaining hjs"patent,.
the bafencfs.oi his metal,, and the prodigious fun)
to be coined. Swift t

3. Baftardy ; illegitimacy of birth.

Why brand they us
With bafe? with bajenefs' baftardy ? Shakeffeart,.

4. Deepnefs of found.

l"l-.e- juft and meafured proportion of the air
peiculTed toward the bafinfi or trcblenefs of tones,
is one of the grcatell fccrets in the contemplation
of founds. Bacon,

To BASH. v.n. [probably from i/7/f.] To
be a/hamed ; to be confounded with)
Ihame;

His counten.ince was bold, and bafhed not
For Guyon's looks, but fcorni'ul eye glance at him
Aoi Sfenfer,.

Basha'w..

B A S

BashaV. n.f. [fometiiries written bajfa.'\
A title of honour and command among
die Turks ; the viceroy of a province ;
the general of an army.

The Turka made an expedition into Perfia ;
«nd> becaufe of the ftraits ol" the mountains, the
bapunu confolted which way they fljould get in.

Bacm,

Ba'shful. adj. [This word, with all
ihofc of the fame race, are of uncertain
etymology. Skinner imagines them de-
rived from baft, or mean ; Minjhcw,
from 'virbae/en, Dut. to ftrike with alto-
nifhment j Junius, from gx<Ti;, which
he finds in Hefychius to fignify Jhame.
The conjefture of Minjhmi fcems moft
probable.]

r. Mo3ell; fhamefaced.

I never tempted her with word too large ;
But, as a brotlicr to his fiftcr, (hnv'd
Bajhfiil fince.i'r.y, nnd comely love. Shait/fearc,

z. Slieepifh ; vitiouHy modeft.

He looked with an almoft to/b/til kiiti of mo-
Jefty, as if lie feared the eyes ot rtian. SiJtitj.

Hence, iajhfil cunning !
And prompt me, plain and holy inrlccencc. Shah

Our author, anxious for his fame to-nighc,
And tajh/ul in his lirlt attempt to write,
Lico cautiou/ly obfcute. ^ddifon.

Ba'shfolly. adij. [from bajb/u!.] Ti-

moroufly; raodeftly.
Ba'shfulness. »./. [from bafiful.']
1 . Modelly, as ftiewn in outward appear-
ance.

I'hiloclea a little mufed how to cut the thread
even, with eyes, cheeks, and lips, whereof each
fang their part, to make up the harmony of bajh-
fuhiji. Sidnr/.

Such looks, fuch Itjhfutrejs, might well adorn
The cheelcs of youths that are more nobly b:>rn.

Dryden.

Z. Vitious or ruftick Ihame.

For fear had bequeathed his room to his kiaf-
'Hiin'teflfulnefi, to teach him good manners.

Sidniy,

There are others who have not altogether fo

much of this foolifli t^Jh/uhef!, and whoaflc every

• one's opinion. Drydcn.

Ba'sil. n.f. [ocymum, Lat] The name of

a plant.
Ba'si L. n.f. Tlie angle to which the edge
. of a joiner's tool is ground away. See

To Basil.
Ba'sil. «./ The ikin of a flieep tanned.
This is, 1 believe, more properly wnx.-
'Xgn ba/eii.
To Ba'si l. v. a. To grind the edge of a
to6l to an angle.

Thefe chiU'eli. arc not ground to fuch a hajil as
the joiners chiftels, on one of the fides, but are
lafUid away on both the flat fides ; fo that the
edge lies between both the fides in the middle of
the too!. flfoxon.

Basi'lica. »./. [^as-iXiKiS.] ■ The middle
vein of the arm, fo called by '.yay of
pre-eminence. It is likewil'e attributed
' to many medicines for the fame reafon.

^incy.
Basi'lical. 7 A^'. [from bafilica. See
Basi'lick. J Basilica.] Belonging to
the baJiHck vein.

„ 'flu:r8«neurifins, following always upon bleeding

' the bajitick vein, mull be aneurifms of the humeral

artery. Sharp.

Basi'lick. »./ \Jia/tlique, ¥t. ^xaiXixr,."]
A large hall, having two ranges of pil-
lars, and two illes or wings, with gal-

B A S

leries over them. Thefe bafilicks were
firft made for the palaces of princes,
and afterwards converted into courts of
juflice, and laftly into churches ; whence
a bafilick is generally taken for a mag-
nificent church, as the hafuick of St.
Peter at Rome.

Basi'licon. n.f. [3•«'^^^xtr•] An oint-
ment, called alfo tetrapharmacon.

^incy.

I made incifion into the cavity, and put a

pledget of lajilkcn over it. IVijman.

Ba'silisk. n.f [bafilifcus, Lat. of ^am-
Xis-n©-, of ^»o-tXeu{, a king.]
A kind of ferpent, called alfo a cocka-
trice, which is faid to drive away all
others by his hifling, and to kill by
looking.

Make jne not fighted like the bajtli/k ;
I've look'd on thoufands who have fped the better
Ey my regard, but kill'd none fo. Sbakcjfeare.
The bojUiJk was a ferpent not above three palms
long, and differenced from other ferpeiits by ad-
vancing his head, and fome white marks or coro-
nary fpots upon the crown. Brnvi's yulg.Err.

, A fpecies of cannon or ordnance.

We praftifc to make iVifter motions than any
you have, and to make them (Ironger and more

violent than yours are ; exceeding your greateft
cannons and hifilifis. £a:im.

Ba'si N. n.f. [bajin, Fr. bacile, bacino, Ital.
It is often written bafon, but not accord-
ing to etymology.]

1 . A fraall veffel to hold water for walhing,
or other ufes.

Let one attend him with a filver bafin.
Full of rofe-water, and beftrew'd with flowers.

Sbaktffciire.

Wo have little vrclls fjr infufions, where the
waters take the virtue quicker, and. better, than in
vctlcis and ta^»s. Bacon.

We behold a piece of filver in a baJin, when
water Is put upon it, which we could not difcovcr
before, as under the verge thereof.

Breton s Vulgar £rreuri,

2. A fmall pon^

On one fi Jc of t'le walk you fee this hollow bujin,
with iis fcvcr.i! littje plantations lying conveniently
under the eye <.f t'.ie beholder. SfcSiitir.

3. A part of the fea inclofed in rocks,
with a narrow entrance.

The jutting land two ample bays divides ;
The fpacioiis bijins arching rocks inclofe,
A fure defence from cv'ry ilorm that blows. Pt,bt.

4. Any hollow place capacious of liquids.

Jf this rotation does the leas aRtiS,
The rapid motion rather would ejeft
The ftotes, the Ihw cap'acioiis csves corttain.
And from its ample^a/ji call tlie main. _S/di*«orc

5. A dock for repairing and building (hips.

6. In anatomy, a round cavity fituated be-
tween the anterior ventricles of the brain.

7. A concave piece of metal, by which
glafs-grinders form their convex glafTes.

8. A round ilicU or cafe of iron pLiced
over a furnace, in which hatters mould
the matter of a hat into form.

9. Bafns of a Balance, the fame with
the fcalos ; one to hold the weight, the
other the thing to be weighed.

Ba'sis. n.f. [>:njis, Lat.]
I. The foundation of any thing,
column or a building.

It m jft follow, that I'aradif-,
this height, muft have the compafs of the whole
earth for a iafn and foundation. Raleigh.

Afcend my chariot, guide the rapid wheels
That fli.ikc heav'n'6 bS^i. Mihm.

as '^ a

being ralfed to

B A S

In altar wife a flattly pile they retr ;
The bafii broad below, and top advanc'd in air .

Drydnu

t. The loweft of the three principal parti
of a column, wliich are the bafii, Jkaft,

and capital.

Obferving an Englifli Jnfcription upon the hajti,
we read it over feveral times. Add'ijor,

3. That on which any thing is raifed.

Such feems thy gentle height, made only proul
To be the baf.i of that pompous load.
Than which a nobler weight no mounuin bears.

Penham*

if. The pedeftal.

How many times {hall Cjefar bleed in fport^
That now on Pompey's bafii lies along
No worthier than the duft ? Shaieffeare.

5. The ground-work or firft principle of

any thing.
Build me thy fortune upon the bafii of valour.

Shjhffeare,
I The friendfli'yjs of the world are oft

: Confederacies in vice, or lesgucs of pleafure ;

Ours has fevered virtue for its bafis. Add'ijm.

To Bask. o-. a. \bachren, Dut. Skinner. '\

To warm by laying out in the heat:

ufed almoft always of animals.

And ftretch'd out all the chimney's length,
Ba(k% at the fire his iiairy ftrength. M'Jtin.

He -was bajking himfelf in the gleam of the fun.

VEJIrange,

'Tls all thy buCncfs, bufinefs hew to fliun,
To bafi. thy naked body in the fun. Drydcm.

To Bask. v. ». To lie in the warmth.

About him, and above, and round the wood.
The birds that haunt the borders of his flood.
That bath'd within, or bafi' d upon his fide.
To tuneful fongs their narrow throats apply'd.

DryJn.
t^nlock'd in covers, let her freely run
To range thyc')urts,ar.d btjfi before thefim. 7kki!.'.

Some in the fields of purcft aether-piay,
And iajt and whiten in the blare of d^y. Pi/rtm
Ba'sket. n.f. [bafged, V/elfh ; bafcauda,
Lat. Barbara depiSlis \veait bafcauda
Brilannis. Martial.] A veffel made of
twigs, raihes, or fplinters, or fome other
(lender bodies interwoven.

Here is a bajktt; he may creep in, and throw foul
linen upon him, as if g)ii:g to bucTcirig. Slahif.

Thus while I fung, my forrows I'decciv'd,
And bending ofiers into t/rjicis weavM. Drydcn.

Poor Peg was forced to go hawking and ped-
dling; now and then carrying a bajket of fifli^to
the market. jirhuthmt.

Ba'sket-hilt. «. / [from bafict and
hilt.'] A hilt of a weapon fo made as to
contain the whole hand, and defend it
from being wounded.

His puili'aiit fword unto bis fide.
Near his undaunted heart, was ty'd :
With hajkti-hih, that would hold brotli.
And feive for fight and diniier both. Uud'.hras.
Their beef they often in their murrions ftew'd.
And in their bafict-h'ilts their bcv'ragc Irew'd. King,
Ba'sket-wom AN. n.f. from bnjkct and
■u?o»;««.] A woman that plies at markets
with a bafket, ready to carry home any
thing that is bought.
Bass. «. y". [fuppofl-d by jiniiit to be
derived, like bnjict, from Pome Britifli
word Tignifying a t^ijb i but perh.ips
more properly written bofs, from the
French i5o^-.] A mat ufed in churches.

Having woollen yarn, ifi/s mac, or fuch like,
to bind them withal. Morlm/rs Hujhtindry.

To Bass. v. a. To found in a deep tone.

The thunder,
Tl^deep and dreadful organ-pipe, pionounc;d
Tlwname of Profpcr ; it did ia/i my trefpafs, Sbai,

Bass.

B A S

Bass. aJj. [See Base.] In muilck, grave;
deep.

Bass relief. »./ [from i^s, and relief,
raifed work, Fr.] Sculpture, the figures
of wnich do not iland out from the
groand in their full proportion. Ftlihien
dilHnguifties three kinds of bafs-relief :
in the firil, the frc-.it figures appear
almoft w-ith the full relief; in the fe-
cond, they ftand out no more than one
half; and in the third much lefs, as in
coins.

Bass-viol. See Ease Viol.

^ - On the fwe«p of the arch lies one of d'C
Mufej, playing on a t.ifs-viol, Jirydcn,

Ba'ssa. Scc.Bashaw.
Ba'sset. n. /. [baffet. Fr.] A game at
cards, invented ^t Venice.

Gamefters would no more blafpheme; and lady
Dabchcek's beffd bank would be broke. Dtmis.

BJSSO RELIEyO. [Ital.] See Bass-
relief.

Basso' K". \n./. \baJfon, Fr.] A mufical

iPASSo'oN. J inftrumentof the wind kind,
blown with a reed, and furniihed with
eleven holes, which are flopped like
other large flutes ; its diameter at bot-
tom is nine inches, and it ferves for the
bafs ill concerts of hautboys, l^c.

7're'voux.

Ba'ssock. »./. The fame with ^fl/>.

BA'STARD. ». /. [baJlartU. Welfh, of
low birth ; bajlarde, Fr.]

1 . Bajlard, according to the civil and
canon law, is a perlbn born of a woman
out of wedlock, or not married ; fo that,
according to order of law, his father is
not known. ■'^yl'ffc.

Him to the Lydian king Lycimnia bare,
AntJ fcnt her boaf^d bayard ro the war. Dryt^en,

2. Any thing fpurious or falfe.

Words
But rooted in your tongue ; kaftdrJs and fyllablcs
Of no allowance to your buftm's truth. Staktjf.

3. A kind of fweet wine.

Score a pint oi bafijrd.^
Then ycui brown ^tf/?«ri/ is your only drink. Sbak.

Ba'stard. adj. [from the noun.]

1 . Begotten out of wedlock ; illegitimate.

Peace is a very apoplexy, le:hargy, iiifenfible, a
getter uf more hajiard children than war *9 a dc-
ftroyer of men. Xbakrf-iarc.

2. Spurious ; not genuine ; fuppofuitious ;
falfe ; adulterate. In this fenfe, any
thing which bears fome relation or re-
femblance to another, is called fpurious
or baflard.

You may partly hope that y-^ur father got you
not, that you are not the Jew's daughter. That
were a kind of hajiard hope indeed. Hbakrjptart,
Men who, un-jlT live dif^uife of publick jjood,
purlue their own defigns of power, and luch taj}jrd
honours as attend them. ItmJ'U.

Ba'stard Cednr Tree. {caWsii guaxuma
in the Weft Indies.]

I'o Ba'stmid. -v. n. [from the noun.] To
conviiS of being a baftard j to ttigma-
tize w.th ballarUy.

Slie lived to Icr her brother beheaded, and her
two fios depjfed from the crown, kaHardtd in
their blood, and cruelly murdered. Bafa^u

To Ba'staroize. f. a. [fron bafiard.'i

1 . To convidt of being a baflard,

2. To beget a baftard. '^
Vol. 1.

BAT

I lliould have been what I am, .had the maiden-
licft ftar in the firmament twinkled on my bttf-
tardixing. Shakejpeari.

Ba'stardlv. ad-v. [from bajlard.'] In the
manner of a baftard ; fpurioufly.

Good feed degenerates, and oft obeys
The foil's difeafe, and into cockle (Irays ;
'Let the mind's thoughts but be tranfplanted fo
Into the body, and bajiardly they grow. Disnnc.
Ba'stardy. n.f. {iTambafiard.] An un-
lawful ftate of birth, which dilables the
baftard, botJi according to the laws of
God and man, from fucceeding to an
inheritance. -^'^i^-

Once flie flandered me with hnficrjy j
But whether 1 be true begot, or no.
That ftiU I lay upon my mother's head. Skah-fp.

In refpeil cf the evil conlequents, the wife's
adultery is worfe, as bringing tajlardy into a fa-
mily. Taylor.

No more of hajlarjy in heirs of crowns. I'ofe.
To Baste, -v. a. participle paiT. bajied, or
bafien. \_bajtfinner , Fr. Batata, in the
Armorick dialeft, fignifies to ftrike with
a ilick ; from which perhaps bajion, a
ftick, and all its derivatives, or collate-
rals, may be deduced.]

1. To beat with a ftick.

Quoth (he, I grant it is in vain
For one that 's iajlcd to feel pain ;
Becaufe the pangs his bones endure
Contribute nothing to the cure. Hudibras.

Bajhngi heavy, dry, obtufe,
Only dulnefs can produce ;
While a little gentle jerking
Sets the fpirits all a-working. Svi'ift.

2. To drip butter, 01' any thing elfe, upon
meat as it turns upon the fpit.

Sir, 1 think the meat wants what I have, a
bafi'wg. SbahJ'feun.

3. To moiftcn meat on the fpit by falling
upon it.

The fat of roafted mutton falling on the birds,
will fcrve to baftc them, and fo fare time and
butt-r. Svjifr,

4. To few nightly, [ba^er, Fr. to Hitch.]

Bastina'de.) r ri a J c T
Bastina'do.!"-^ [i¥"»"^>Fr.]

1. The aft of beating with a cudgel ; the
blow given with a cudgel.

But this courtefy was worfc than a bafi]r.ado to
Zelmanc ; fo with rageful eyes (he bade him de-
fend himfelf. Sidney.

And all thofc harfli and rugged founds
Of bafr.nadoSy cuts, and wounds. Hudibrat.

2. It is foraeiimes taken for a Turkifti
punilhment, of beating an pflender on
the foles of his feet.

To Basti n a'de. 1 -v. a. [from the noun ;
Tc Bastina'do. 3 hajionner, Fr.] To
beat ; to treat with the bajlinado.

Nick feized the longer end of the cudgel,, and
with it began to bjft'mado old Lewis, who had
flunk into a corner, waiting the event of a fquabble.

yirbutbnot.

Ba'stion, n.f. [bajtion, Fr.] A huge
mafj of earth, ufually faced with fods,
fometimes with brick, rarely with ftonc,
ftanding out from a rampart, of which
it is a principal part, and was anciently
called a bulwark. Harris,

Toward ; but bow .' ay ther.' 's the queftinn ;
Fierce the ad'ault, unarm'd the bajikn. Prior.

Bat. n.f. [bar. Sax. This word feems jo
have given rife to a great number of
words in many languages ; as, battrc,
Fr. to beat ; baton, batilf, beat, batty.

BAT

and others. It probably fignified a
weapon that did executirn by its weight,
in oppofition to a fharp edge ; whence
tvhirlbat and brickbat.} A heavy ftick
or club. '^

A handfome b.it he held.

On which he leaned, as one far in eld. Sjxrfer.

They were fried in arm chairs, and their bones
broken with bats. }lahcici!l.

Bat. n.f. \fuefpertilio, the etymology un-
known.] An animal having the body of
a moufe and the wings of a bird ; not
with feathers, but with a fort of Ikin
which is extended. It lays no eggs, but
brings forth its young ilive, andfuckles
them. It never growi. tsme, feeds upon
flies, infefls, and fatty fubftances, fuch
as candles, oil, and checi'e ; and appears
only in the fummer evenings, when the
weather is fine. Calmet.

When owls do cry,
On the bat'% back I do fly. Sbaiej!>:art,

But then grew reafon dark j that fair liar no
mon:
Could the fair forms of good and truth difeern 5

Ban they became who eagles were before ;

And this they got by their delire to learn. Dames,

Some animals are placed in the middle betwixt

two kinds, as bats, which have foraethiiig of birda

and beafts. Licke.

Where fwallows in the winter feafon keep.
And how the drowfy bat and dormoufc flcep. Gay,

Bat-Fowlino. n.f. [from ^a/ and/o-W. ]
A particular manner of bird-catching in
the night-time, while they are at rooft
upon perches, trees, or hedges. They
light torches or ftraw, and then beat the
bulhes ; upon which the birds, flying to
the flames, are caught either with nets,
or otherwile.

You would lift the moon out of her fphere, if
flie would continue in it five weeks without chang-
ing.—We ihould fo, and then go a bat-f(i-.ulin^.

Sbakefpetjr;,

Bodies lighted at night by fire, muft fiave a
brighter luftre than by day j as facking of citie?,
bal-fnu/hg. Pracham,

Ba'table. adj. [froip bate.l Difputable.
Baiable ground leems to be the ground hereto-
fore in qucftion, whether it belonged to England
or Scotland, lying between both kingdoms. Ciwc//.

Batch, n.f. [from hake.']

1. The quantity of bread baked at a time.

The joiner puts the boards into ovons after the
batch is drawn, or lays them in a w.irm ftabli-.

Mortimer s Hufi^andry,

2. Any quantity of any thing made at
once, fo as to have the fame qualities.

lixccpt he were cf the fa.-nc meal .md latch,

Ben Jcrjotj,

Ba'tchblor. See Bachelor.
Bate, n.f. [perhaps contrafted from de~

bate.] Strife ; contention ; ab, a maie

bate.
To Bats, -v. a. [contrasted from abate.]
I . To leiTen any thing ; to retrench.

Shall 1 bend lyw, and in a bondman's key,
V/ith bated breath, and whifp'iing hunibleiiofs.
Say this i" Shakcjp. Merchant of p'tnice,

tjor, envious at the fight, will 1 forbtar
My plenteous bowl, nor halt my plenteous cheer.

Deydcn*

?. To fink the price,

Whf n the landholder's rent falls, he muft ritliet
bate the labourer's wages, or not employ, or not
pay him. Locke.

3. To leflen a demand.

X Sate

BAT

Salt me feme, and I will pay you fome, and, as
jDoft dcbcon do, promife you iufinitcly.

Sbakfff, Htnrj IV.
4^ To cut off; to take away-

Batt but ciie lift, and 'lis what I would fay.

Dryden'i Sptmjb Friar.

To Bate. v. n.

1 . To grow lefs.

Baidolph, am not I fallen away vilely fince thit
laft election ? Do I not iatet do I not dwindle '
Why my (kin hangs about me like an old lady's
loofc guwn. Sbahrfptari I Henry IV.

2. To remit : with e^ before the thing.

Abate thy fpeed, and I will halt of mine. DryH.

Bate feems to have been once tTie pre-
terite of bite, as Shakefpcare ufes biting
faulcbion ; anleft, in the following lines,
it may rather be deduced from beat.

Vet there the fteel (laid not, but inly hale
Deep in his fle(h, and open'd wide a red flood gate.

S^tnftr.

Ba't BFU L. <KJr. [from bate and/«//.] Con-
tentious.

He knew her haunt, and haunted in the fame,
And taught his (lieep her (heep in food to thwart ;

Which foon as it did hattful queftion frame,
He might on knees confefs his guil.y part. SiJniy.
Ba'tement. n./. [from abatement.] Di-
minution : a term only ufed among ar-
tificers.

To, abate, is to wa(te a piece of ftuflT; inftead
of afking how much was cut off, carpenters a(k
what batcment that piece of iVufFhad.

Moxon't Mtchan'ual Extrcifes.

Bath. it./, [ba?, Saxon.]

I. A bath is either hot or cold, either of
art or nature. Artificial baths have
been in great efteem with the ancients,
efpecially in complaints to be relieved
by revulfion, as inveterate headaches,
by opening the pores of the feet, and
alfo in cutaneous cafes. But the mo-
dern prafticc has greateft recourfe to
the natural baths; moil of which abound
with a mineral fulphur, as appears from
their turning filver and copper blackifh.
The cold baths are the moll convenient
fprings, or refervatories, of cold water
to wafh in, which the ancients had in
great efteem ; and the prcfent age can
produce abundance of noble cures per-
formed by them. ^incy.

Why may not the cold hath, into whicn thej
plunged themfelves, . have had fome (hare in thcii
cure ? Aild'iJ'jn'i Spcciator.

a. A ftate in which great outward heat is
applied to the body, for the mitigation
of pain, or any other purpofe.

In the height of this bath, when I was more
than half (lewed in grcafe like a Dutch dilh, to be
thrown into the Thames !

Sbaie/f. Merry Wives of Ifixilfor.
Sleep,
The birth of each day's lili:, fore labour's batb,
Balm of hurt minds. Sbahfpeare''i Macbeth.

3. In chymiftry, it generally fignifies a
veffel of water, in which another is
placed that requires a fofter heat than
the naked fire. Balneum Maria is a
miftake for balneum maris, a fea or water
bath. A fand heat is fometimes called
balneum Jiccum, or dnereum. ^incy.

We fee that the water of things diftilled in
water, which they call the hath, diftcreth not
much from the water of things dillJled by (ire.
Sanu'l Natural Hjftery.

BAT

4. A fort of Hebrew meafure, containing
the tenth part of an homer, or ftven
gallons and four pints, as a meafure for
things liquid ; and three pecks and
three pints as a meafure for things dry.

Calmrt.
Ten acres of vineyard (hall yield one haii, and
the feed of an homer (hall yield an ephah>

IJaicb, T. 10.

To Bathe, v. a. [banian, Saxon.]

1. To wafh, as in a bath.

Others on filvcr lakes and rivers balh'J
Their downy bread. Milton t ParatKk Lojl.

Chancing to bathe himfelf in the tivcr Cydnui,
through the exceirive coldiiefa of thefe waters, he
fell (i:k, near unto death, for three days. South,

2. To fupple or foften by the outward ap-
plication of warm liquors.

Bathe them, and keep their bodies foluble the
while by clyders and lenitive bolufes.

H^iJ'eman^s Surgery.
I'll baibe your wounds in tears tor my oft'ence.

Drydeit.

3. To wafh any thing.

Phoenician Dido (lood,
Frefh from her wound, her bofom baih'd in blood.

Dryden,
Mars could in mutual blood the centaurs bathe.
And Jove himfelf give way to Cinthia's wrath.

Dryden.

To Bathe, f. a. To be in the water, or
in any refemblance of a bath.

Except they meant to bathe in reeking wounds,
I cannot tell. Sbaktfpeare^s Macbeth.

The delighted fpirit
To batbe in (icry f!oods, or to relide
In thrilling regions of thick-ribbed ice. Sbakeff.

Tiie gallants dancing by the river (ide.
They ijrte in fummer, and in winter Aide, lyaller.

But ba:bc, and, in imperial robes array'd.
Pay due devotions. Pu/e'j Odyjpy.

Ba'tinc, ot A^a'ti kg. frep. [^(rom bate,
or abate. This word, though a parti-
ciple in itfelf, feems often ufed as a
prepofition.] Except.

The king, your brother, could not choofe an
advocate.
Whom I would (boner hear on any fubjc£t.
Bating that only one, his love, than you. Rc-jve.

1( we confiJer children, we have little reafon to
think that they bring many iieas with them.
bating, perhaps, fome faint idsas of hunger and
thirlh Locke.

Ba'ti.et. «. / [from bat.] A fquare
piece of wood, with a handle, ufed in
beating linen when tiken out of the
buck.

I remember the kilTmg of her be)let, and the
cow"s dugs thit her pretty chopc hands had
milked. Sbakrffiare.

Bato'on. n.f. [bafion, ot batOB, Ft. for-
merly fpelt bajlon.]

1 . A rtafF or club.

We came clofe to the (hore, and offered to land ;
but (Iraightways we faw divers of the people witli
bojiins in their hand>, as it were, forbidding us to
land. Bacon s New Ataiatitii.

That does not make a man the worfe.
Although bis (houldcrs with batoem
Be ciaw'd and cudgell'd to fome tunc. Hudibtau

2. A truncheon or marfhal's ibfF; a badge
of military honour.

Ba'ttailous. aiij. [from battaille, Fr.]
Having the appearance of a battle ;
warlike ; with a military appearance.

He Darted up, and did hiralelf prepare
In fun-bright arms and battailous array. Fairfax.
The French came forerooft, battailous and bold.

Fairfax.
10

BAT

A fiery region,' ftretch'd
In bailaVous afpeft, aod nearer view
Briftlcd with upright beams innumerable
Of rigid fpears and helmets throng'd. Millut,

Batta'lia. n.f. [battaglia, lli[.]

1. The order of battle.

Next morning the king put his army 'lato lat-
lalia. Clarendon,

2. The m?.in body of an army in array,
diilinguifhed from the wings.

Batta'i-ion. n./. [batailloK, Fr.]

1. A divifion of an army; a troop; a
body of forces. It is now confined to
the infantry, and the number is uncer-
tain, but generally from five to eight
hundred men. Some regiments confift
of one battalion, and others are divided
into two, three, or more.

Whtn forrows come, they come not lingle fpies.
Bur in battalions, Sbakefpeare^s Hamlet*

In thh batta/ion there were two o(]icers, called
Thcrfites and Pandarus. Taller^

1 he pierc'd battailous difunited fall
In heaps on heaps : one fate o'eI^^helms them all.

Pofie4

2. An army. This fenfe is not now in uie.

.Six or leven rhoufand is their utmoll power.
— Why, our battalion trebles that account. Shakt
ToBa'tten. "v, a, [a word of doubtful

etymology.]
I . To fatten, or make fat ; to feed plen-
teoufly.

We drove afield,
Batt'ning our flocks with the frefh dews of night.

Mihottt
z. To fertilize.

The meadows hen*, with ^tftr'mr^ oote enricb'd.
Give fpirit to the grafs ; three cubits high
The jointed herbage ihoots. Philifs.

To Ba'tten. 'V. n. To grow fat ; to live
in indulgence.

Follow your fun^ion, go and batten on cold bits.

Shakejpearem

Burnilh'd and battening on their food, to Ih-iw
The diligence of careful herds below. Dryden,

The lazy glutton I'afe at home v.'iil keep.
Indulge his (loth, and batten on his deep. Dryden,

As at full length the pampered monarch lay,
Battening in eafe, and numbering life away. Gattb,

Tway mice, full blythe and amicable.
Batten belide erle Robert's X.Mt, Prior,

While paddling ducks the iHnding lake delire^
Or bati'ning bogs roll in tl>e (inking mire.

Gays Pajlorah,

Ba'tten. n. /. A word ufed only by
workmen.

A b.ittin is a fcantling of wood, two, three, or
foM inches broad, feldom above one thick, aud the
length unlimited. At:xon,

To BA'TTER. -v. a. [hattre, to beat, Fr.]

1 . To beat ; to beat down ; to fhatter :
frequently ufed of walls thrown down by
artillery, or of the violence of engines
of war.

To appoint battering rams againil the gates, to
cad a nrount] and to build a fort. Exckiel,

Thefe haughty words of hers
Have battered me like roaring cannon fTjot,
And made me almoll yield upon my kuees. Sbak,

Britannia there, the fort in vain
Had batter''d been with g ilden rain:
Thunder itfelf had faiPd to pafs. IValler.

Be then the naval (lores the nation's care,
New (hips to build, and balter'd to repair. Drydtn,

2. To wear with beating.

Crowds tn the cadle mounted up the (treet,
Bait'ring the pavement with their courfen feet.

Dryden.
If you have a Clver faucep an for the kitcb.n

Vitc,

BAT

•ufp, let me advife you to batter it well ; this will
ftiew conftant good houfekeeping.

S'wlft^i DlrcBktti to the C6ck>

3. Applied to f erfons, to wear out with
fervice.

The i:ir:i'd veteran ftrumpets here
Pretend at leili- to bring a mndeft ear. S-.ullirn.
I am a poor old haittnd fellow, and i would
willingly end my days in peace.

ylriuihrari Hiftory ofjihn Bull.
A; the fsme dame, experi.;nc'd in her trade,
By names of toads retaiU each iairci'il jide. Prpi.

To B a't T E R . -v. n. A word ufed only by
workmen.

The fide of a wa'l, or any timber, th:it bulges
from its bottom or foundation, is faid to i.i/ff.

Ba'tter. n.f. [from To iatfrr.] A mix-
ture of feveral ingredients beaten toge-
ther with fome liquor ; fo called from
its being fo much beaten.

One would have all things little, hence has try'd
Turkey poulcs frein from th' egg '.. hatur fry'd.

King.

Ba'tterer. 71./. [from iatter.] He that

batters.
Ba'ttery. «./. [ixora batter, OTbatterie,

Fr.]

1. The aft of battering.

Strong wars they make, and cruel haticry ben-^,
'Gainft fort of reafon, it to overthrow, t'niry ^

Earthly minds, like mud walls, lefili the
ftrnngeft hatterUu 1 site.

2. The inftruments with which a town is
battered, placed in order for aftion ; a
line of cannon.

Where is b'ift place to make our katt'ry next ?—
—I think at the north gate. Sbahfp. Henry VI,

It plants this reafoning and that argument, this
confequence and that diliin^iion, like fo many in-
tclle^ual ifaiteries, till_ at length it forces a way
and paflage into the obiiinate inclofed truth. Siutl.

Sec, and revere th' artillery of heav'n.
Drawn by the gale, or by the tcmpeft driven :
A dreadful iire the floating batt*rUs make,
O'erturn'the mountain, and the foreft ihake.

Blatkmore.

3. The frame, or raifed work, upon which
cannons are mounted.

4. [In law.] A violent ftriking of any
man. In an af^Lon againil a ftriker,
one may be found guilty of the aflault,
yet acquitted of the battery. There may
therefore be aflkult without battery ; but
battery always implies an aflault.

Chamber].
Why does he fuffcr this rude knave now to
knock him about the fconce with a dirty {hovel,
and w^l not tell him of hi& a^ion and battery f

Sbake/feare.
Sir, quo' the lawyer, not to flatter ye,
Vou have as go*>d ard *air a battery
As heart (jin «lfli, and need not Ihaine
The proudcft man alive to claim. HuiUkrau

Ba'ttish. ai^. [from ^fl/.] Refembling
a bat.

To be out late in a baitijh humour.

Gtrrleman Inflruded,

BATTLE, n.f. [bataille, Fr.]
1. A fight ; an encounter between oppo-
fitc armies. We generally fay a battle
of many, and a combat of two.

The En?, ifh army, that divided was
Into tw I parts, is now coDJ jin'd in one ;
And m^anj 10 give you battle prefently. Shakcfii.

The iatf.'c lone, and they within our power,
She'll n^ver fee his pardon. Shahjprare.

The race U not to the (wHt, nor the bati.e to
the ftrong. £ctte/. T

B A U

So they joined battle, and the heathen being dif-
comfitcd fled into the plain. i Maccabees.

2. A body of forces, or divifion of an
army.

The king divided his army into thee battles ;
wheveof the vanguard only, with wings, came to
fight. Baccn.

3. The main body, as diftinft from the
van and rear.

Angus led the avant-guard, himfelf followed
with the battle 3 good diftance behind, and after
came the arrier. Hayzuard.

4. We fay to join battle ; to give battle.
To Ba'tti-E. -v. n. [batailhr, Fr.] To

join battle ; to contend in fight.

"ris curs by craft and by furprizc to ga'n :
*Tis youis to meet in arms, and battle in the plain.

P, h'.

We receive accounts of ladies battling it or. both

fides. Add\ji,n.

I own, he hates an aflion bafc,

His virtues battling with his place. Sivift.

Battle-arra'y. ;»./. [See Battle and
Array.] Array, or order, of battle.

Two parties of fine women, placed in the op-
pofite fide boxes, feemed drawn up in battle-array
one agninft another. yiddifon.

Ba'ttle- AXE. n./. A weapon ufed an-
ciently, probably the fame with a bill.
t Certain tinners, as they were working, found
fpear heads, battle-axes, and fwords of copper,wrap.
ped in linen clouts. Careiv,

Ba'ttledoor. n.f. [fo called from a'oor,
taken for a flat board, and battle, or
Jlriking.'] An inftrument with a handle
and a flat board, ufed in play to llrike
a ball or (huitlecock.

Play-things, which arc above their ikill, as tops,
gigs, batcleJoart, and the like, which are to be
ufed with labour, <hould indeed be procured them.

Locke.

Ba'ttlement. n /. [generally fuppofed
to be formed from hattk, as the parts
from whence a building is defended
againil aflailants ; perhaps only cor-
rupted from b'timent, Fr.] A wall
raifed round the top of a building, with
embrafures, or interllices, to look thro'
to annoy an enemy.

And flx*d his head upon our bartltmentt.

Sbaktff. Macbeth.

Thou Ihalt make a batit-.ment for thy roof, that
thou bring not blood u^ton thy houfe, if any man
filll. DeuterctlC'tny,

Through this we pafs
Up to the higbcd battlement, from whence
The Tiojans threw their darts. Dentam.

Their liandard, planted on the bttttlement,
Defpiir and d^ath a.-nong the fnldiers f;nt. Dryd.

No, I (han't envy him, whoe'er ho be.
That i>ands upon the baiil.menit of iUte ;
I'd rather be fccore than great. /Harris,

The weighty mallet deals refounding bbws,
Till the proud batticntetttf her t'wVi inci.jfe. Guy.

Ba'tty. atlf. [from bat.] Belonging to a
bat.

Till o'er their brows death, counterfeiting deep,
With leaden legs and baity wings doth creep.

Sbakefficare.

Ba'varoy. n.f. A kind of cloak or fur-
tout.

l.ct the loop'd bavaray the fop embrace,
O. hiidWp cloak be fpat:cr'd o'er with lace. Gay.
Baubeh^ n.f. A word ufed in Scotland,
and the northern counties, for a half-
penny.

Tiia' in the drawers of my japan bureau,
To lady Gripeali I the Caiars fliow,

B A W

'Tis equal to her lady/hip or me
A copper Otho, or a Scotch baubee.

Bramji. Man cfTaJle.

Ba'vin. n.f. [of uncertain derivation.]
A flick like thofe bound up in faggots ;
a piece of wafte wood.

He rambled up and down
With (hallow jefters and ralh bavin wits,
Soon kindled, and foon burnt. Sbakefp. Henry IV.

For moulded to the life in clouts
Th' have pick'd from dunghills thereabouts.
He's m-mnted on a hazel bavin,
A crop'd malignant baker gave him. Hiidibrat.
The trunchL-ons make billet, bavin, and coals.

Miirtimcr.

"To Baulk. See Balk.
Ba'vvble. n.f. [Batiiellu/ii, In barbarous
Latin, fignified a jewel, or any thing
valuable, but not neceflary. Omnia bau-
bellafua dedit Othoni. Hoveden. Proba-
bly from beau, Fr.] A gewgaw ; a
trifling piece of finery ; a thing of more
fliow than ufe ; a trifle. It is in general,
whether applied to perfons or tilings, a
term of contempt.

She haunts me in every place. I was on the
fea bank with fome Venetians, and thither comes
the bauble, and falls me thus about my neck.

Sbakefpeare'i Othelh.
It is a paltry cap,
A cuftard coffin, a baivble, a filken pie. Sbakefp,
If, in our ontcft, we do not interchange ufcful
notions, we fliall traffick toys and bavjhles.

Government of the Tongue.
This (hall be writ to fright the fry away.
Who draw their little baiubles, when they play.

Dryden.

A lady's watch needs neither figures nor wheels ;

'Tis enough that 'tis loaded with baivblct and feais.

Prior.
Our author then, to pleafe you in your way,
Prefents you now a haivble of a play,
In gingling rhyme. Granville.

A prince, the moment he is crown'd.
Inherits every virtue round,
As emblems of the fovcreign pow'r.
Like other baivhles of the Tow'r. Sivift.

Ba'wbling. adj. [from ^axf^/f.] Tri-
fling; contemptible: a word not now
in ufe, except in converfation.

A b.itvbling veirel was he captain of.
For (hallow draft and bulk unprized ;
With which fuch (cathful grapple did he maks,
With the moft noble bottom of our fleet. Shak.

Ba'wcock. n.f. [perhaps from beau, or
baude, and cock.] A familiar word,
which feems to fignify the fame as fne
fellonu.

Why, how now, my baiucock ? how doft thou,
chuck ? Shaktf pi are's Tzvelfib Night.

BAWD. H.f [baude, old Fr.] A pro-
curer, or procurefs ; one that introduces
men and women to each other, for the
promotion of debauchery.

If your wor(hip will take order for the drabs and
the knaves, you need not to fear ic.ebaivds. Shak,

This commodity.
This bawd, this^ broker, this all-changing word.
Hath drawn him from his own determin'd aid,

Sbakefpeare.

Our author calls colouring Una fororis, thtba-.vd
of her (ilier defign ; (he drc(rcs her up, (he paints
her, (he procures for the defign, and makes lovers
for her. Dryden.

To Bawd, o-. n. [from the nOun.] To
procure ; to provide gallants with ilrura-
pcts.

Leuclppe is agent for the kind's lull, and batvds,

at tha fame timej to: the wiiole court. Mdifon.

X i And

B A W

And in four months > battrr'd hirridan {
Now nothing's left, but wither'd, pale, and Oinink,
To iav.-d for ollicrs, and go ihircs with punk.

Swifi.
Ba'wdily. aJv. [from latuifj.] Oo-

fceiiely.
^a'wdiness. n./. [(rom iatui/y.'] Ob-

rcenenefs.
Ba'wbrick. n./. [See Baldrick.] A
belt.

Frcilj jarlands too the virgins temples crown'J ;

The J uths gilt fwjrJs wore at ih.ir thighs, with

filvcr baivdricki bound. Chitf'man'i liiacL

Ba'wdry. »./. [contraftedfrom^atui/cry,
the pradlice of a bawd.]

1. A wicked pratflice of procuring and
bringing whores and rogues together.

jijliffe.
Cheating and tawdry go together in the world.

L'EJiratige,

2. Obfcenity ; unchafte language.

Pr'ythee fay on j he *s for a jig, or a tale of
tawdry, or he (lecps. Staiiff tare's HamUt.

I have no fait : no bmvdry he doth mean :
For witty, in hi% language, is obfcene. Btnyonfcju
]t is moii certain, that barefaced iavidry is the
pooreft pretence to wit imaginable. Drydcn,

'^AVi'DY.adj. [horn banud.'\ Obfcene; un-
chafte : generally applied to language.

The iaiudy wind, that kifles all it meets,
Is hufli'd within the hollow mine of earth,
And will not hear 't. Sbahffure's Ottel/o.

Only they.
That come to hear a merry baivdy play.
Will be deceiv'd. Siaiefftare.

Not ore poor iawdy jeft (hall dare appear ;
For now the batter'd veteran ftruiiipets here
Pretend at leaft to bring a modcd ear. Soulhcrn,

Ba'wdv-house. ». /. A houfe where
traffick is made by wickednefs and de-
bauchery.

Has the pope lately fliut up the laiudy-hcujes,

or does he continue to lay a tax upon Un i Dcii-U'

7a Bawl. -v. «, \^halo, Lat.]

1 . To hoot ; to cry with great vehemence,

whether for joy or pain. A word always

ufed in contempt.

They iaiuKot freedom in their fenfetcfs mood,
And ftiU revolt, when truth would fet them free.

Milton.

To cry the caufe up heretofore.
And iawl the biihops out of door. Hudiirat.

Through the thick fliades th' eternal fcribbler
tav. /s,
And (hakes the ftatues on their pedeftals. Dryden,

from his tov'd home no lucre him can draw ;
The fenate's mad decrees he never faw.
Nor heard at tatvlhg bars corrupted law. Drydcn.

Loud menaces were heard, and foul difgrace.
And taiviing infamy, in language bafe.
Till fenfe was loft in found, and (iience (led the
place. Drydin'i Fables.

So on the tuneful Margarita's tongue
The lift'ning nymphs and ravifli'd heroes hung ;
But cits and fops the heav'n-born mufick blame.
And haiil, and hifs, and damn her into fame. Smith.

I have a race of orderly elderly people, who can
tatvl when I am deaf, and tread (oftly when I am
only giddy and would (leep. Swift.

2. To cry as a froward child.

A little child was baiuling, and a woman chiding
it. VEJIrange.

If they were never fufTeted to have what they
cried for, they vrould never, with bawling and
fceTiihncfs, contend for maAery. Locke.

My hulband look him in, a dirty boy ; it was
the bufinefs of the fervants to attend him, the
rogue did bawl and make fuch a noife.

jlriylhmt's Hiftory of Jehu Bull.

T» Bawl. v. a. To proclaim as a wier.

B AY

It grieved me when I faw labours, which hti
coft fo much, tawUd about by common hawkers.

Swift.

Ba'wrel. »./ A kind of hawk. Di£f.
Ba'wsin. »./. A badger. Di^.

Bay. aJj. [iaJius, Lat.]

A bay horle is what is inclining to a chcftnut j
and this cobur is various, either a light lay or a
dark buy, according as it is lefs or more deep.
Theic are alfo coloured hoife-f, that are called
dappled bay:. All i,jy horfes are commonly called
brown by the common people.

All b,iy horfes have black manes, which'diftin-
gui/h them from the forrel, that have red or white
manes.

There are light bays and gilded bays, which art
fomewhat of a ycllowKh colour. The cheftnut
bay is that which comes nearcll to the colour of
the chcftnut. Farrier's DiSl.

My lord, you gave good words the other day
of a bay courfer I rode on. 'Tis yours becaufe
you liked it. Shaieffeare.

Poor Tom ! proud of heart to ride on a bay
trotting horfe over four inch'd bridges. Shakeff.

His colour grey.
For beautv dappled, or the brighteft bay. Dryden.

BAY. ti.'f. [baye, Dutch.]

I. An opening into the land, where the

water is ftiut in on all fides, except at

the entrance.

A reverend Syracufan merchant.
Who put unluckily into this bay. Shakefpeare.

We have alfo iome works in the midft of the
fca, and fome bays upon the (hore for fomc works,
wherein is required the air and vapour of the fea.

Baccn.

Hail, facred folitude ! from this calm bay
1 view the world's tempeftuous fca. Rtfccmmon.

Here in a royal bed the waters (leep.
When tir'd at fea, within this iiiythey creep. t)ryd.

Some of you have bay. Dryden.

z. A pond head raifed to keep in ftore

of water for driving a mill.
Bay. n. f. \abboi, Fr. fignifies the laft

extremity ; as. Innocence eji aux ahhoins.

Boileau. Innocence is in the iitmoji dijirefs.

It is taken from ahboi, the barking of

a dog at hand, and thence fignified the

condition of a flag when the hounds were

almoft upon him.]

1. The ftate of any thing furrounded by
enemies, and obliged to face them by
an impoflibility of efcape.

This (hip, for (ifteen hours, fate like a flag
among hounds at the bay, and was fieged and
fought witli, in turn, by (i/tecn great (hips.

Bacons fVar milh Spain.

Fair liberty, purfucd and meant a prey
To lawlefs power, here turn'd, and flood at bay.

Deiiham.

Nor flight was left, nor hopes to force his way j
Embolden'd by defpair, he ftood at bay ;
Refolv'd on death, he dilTipatcs his fears.
And bounds aloft againli the pointed fpcars. Dryd.

2. Some writers, perhaps miftaking the
meaning, have ufed lay as referred to
the aflailant, for diftance beyond which
no approach could be made.

All, fir'd with noble emulation, ftrive ;
And with a ftorm of darts to diftance drive
The Trojan chief; who, held at bay, from far
On his Vulcanian orb fuftain'd the war. Drydin.

Wc have now, for ten years together, turned the
whole force and expence of the war, where the
enemy was bell able to hold us at a bey. S'.vft.

Bay. n. /. In architefture, a term ufed
to fignify the magnitude of a building ;
as, if a barn confifts of a floor and two
heads, where they lay corn, they call it
a barn of two bays, Thefe bayj are from

BAY

fourteen to twenty feet long, and floors
from ten to twelve broad, and ufually
twenty feet long, which is the breadth
of the barri. BuUi/er's Diff.

If this law hold in Vienna ten years, I'll rent the
faircft houfe in it after threepence a bay. Slakfp,

There may be kept one thoufand bulhels in
each bay, there being fixtccn hays, each eighteen
feet long, about feventcen wide, or three hundred
fquarc feet in each bay. Mortimer.

Bay Tree, [lauriis, Lat.] The tree, as
is generally thought, which is tranflated
laurel, and of which honorary garlands
were anciently made.

I have feen the wicked in great power, and
fpreading himfelf like a green bay tree. Pfalms.

Bay. a./. A poetical name for an ho-
norary crown or garland, bellowed as a
prize for any kind of vitlory or exceU
lence.
Beneath his reign (hall Eufden wear the lays.

Pope.
To Bay. -v. n [abboyer, Fr.]

1 . To bark as a dog at a thief, or at the
game which he purfues.

And all the while (he (load upon the ground.
The wakeful dogs did never ceafe to bay. Fairy S^.

The hounds at neary diftance hoarfely bay'd ;
The hunter clofe purfued the vifionary maid ;
She rent the heav'n with loud laments, imploring
aid. Dryden's Fables,

2. [from bay, an inclofed place.] To en-
compafs about ; to fhut in.

We are at the (lake.
And tay'd about with many enemies. Sbaktffeare.

To Bay. 1". a. To follow with barking;
to bark at.

I was with Hercules and Cadmus once,
When in the wood of Crete they bay'd the boar
With hounds of Sparta. Sbvkeffeare.

If he (hould do fa, /

He leaves his back unarm'd, the French and Welch
Baying him at the heels. Slakeffeare.

Bay Salt. Salt made of fea water, which
receives its confiftence from the heat of
the fun, and is fo called from its brown
colour. By letting the fca water into
fquare pits or bafons, its furface being
ftruck and agitated by the rays of the
fun, it thickens at firll imperceptibly,
and becomes covered over with a flight
cruft, which hardening by the conti-
nuance of the heat, is wholly converted
into fait. The water in this condition
is fcalding hot, and the cryftallization
is perfedled in eight, ten, or at moft
fifteen days. Chambers.

All eruptions of air, though fmall ord flight,
give found, which we call crackling, puffing, fpit-
ting, &c. as in lay fait and bay leaves caft into (ire.

Bacon.

Bay Windoiu. A window jutting out-
ward, and therefore forming a kindof
bay or hollow in the room.
It hath lay windntti tranfparent as barricadoes.

IShaktfpejre^
Bay Tarn. A denomination fometimes
ufed promifcuoufly with woollen yarn.

Chambers.
Ba'yard. «. / [from bay.'\ A bay horfe.

Blind bayard m"vrs the mill. Philips.

Ba'vonet. «./. [baytttette,7t.'\ A ftiort

fword or dagger fixed at the end of a

muflcet, by which the foot hold off the

horfe. .

One of th». black fpots is long «nd (lender, and
rtfemblcs a dagger or baycnet. ffocdivard.

Bayze.

B E A

B E A

B E A

Preter,

ec

{

Bavze. See Baize.

SDE'LLIVM. n.f. [/9JeXXi»> ; nha.] An
aromatick gum brought from the Le-
vant, ufed as a medicine, and a per-
fum*. Bdellium is mentioned both by
the aiicieat uaturalifts and in Scripture ;
but it is doubtful whether any of thefe
be tlie fame with the modern kind.

Chambers.
' This hdeW.um is a tree of the bignefs of an oiivc,
whereof Arabia hath great plenty, which yieidech
a certain gum, fweec to fmell t-j, but bitter in
tafte, called aifo IdtL'ium. The Hebrews take the
loadftone for bdellium. Saliigb.

To BE. -v. n. [This word is fo remarkably
irregular, that it is neceffary to fet down
many of its terminations.
Prefent. / am, thou art, he is, lue are. Sec.
com, eapr, if, apon. Sax.
/ ivas, thou txaji or inert,
paej-, pxr-e.

hi nuas, toe luere, tec.
paj-, pxpon. Sax.

The conjunftlve mood.
/ be, thou beejl, he be, ice be, &C.
beo, bip:, b?o, beon. Sax.]

1. To have (bme certain flate, condition,
quality, or accident ; as, the man is
wife.

Seventy frnaton died
By their profcriptions, Cicero heiitg one. Sbaheff.
He hath to-night bun in unusual pleafure. Sbak.
Bt what thou hop' ft to be, or what thou art,
Kciign to death, it is not worth enjoying. Stakf^).

Be but about
To fay Qie 15 a goodly lady, and
The juftice «f your hearts will add thereto,
'Tis pity file it not honeft, honourable. Shahjh.
Let them (hew the former things what they be,
that we may confidcr them. Ipiah.

ITiercforc be fure.
Thou, when the bridegroom with bis feailful

frieods
Paflet to blifs at the mid hour of night.
Hail gain'd thy entrance, virgin wife and pure.

Milton.
It is not eafy to difcem what fuch men would be
at. Sutlingfeel.

* To fay a man hat 'a clear idea of quantity, with-
out knowing how great it ;j, is to fay, he has the
clear idea ci the number of the fands, who knows
not how many they be. Locke.

2. It is the auxiliary verb by which the
verb paflive is formed.

The winr of life ij drawn, and the mcer lees
Is left thia vault to brag of. Shatrffeare,

3. To exift ; to have exiflence.

The times have hen.

That when the brains were out the man would

die. Macbeth.

Here ceafe, ye powers, and let your veageanceend,

Troy ir iw) mnre, and can no more offer.d. Dryden.

All th' impoflibilities, which pjets
Count to extravagance of loofe dcfcription.
Shall fooner be. Rciue.

To be, conterts his natural defirc j
He aflts no angel't wing, nor feraph's fire. Pope.

4. To have fomething by appointment or
rule.

If all political power be derived only from Adam,
and be ro defcend only to his fuccelTive heirs, by
the ordinance of Cid, and divine inftiiutlor, this
is a right antecedent and paramount to a'l go-
vtrnment. L^ke.

5. Let BE. Do not meddle with j leave
untouched.

Let le, faid he, my pfey. DryJen.

BEACH, n./. The flvorc, particularly

that part that is daflied by the wave; ;
the ftrand.

The filhermen, that walk upon the befch.
Appear like mice. Sbakejptar/' s Kng Lear.

Deep to the rocks of hell the gather'd heacb
They faften'd, and the mole immenfe wrought on
Over the foaming deep. Milicn,

They find the waihed amber further out upon

the btaches and ihores, wiiere it has been longer

cxpofed. Wx,dward.

Be'.^ched. eitij. [from bea<:h.'\ Expofed

to the waves.

Timon hath made his everlafVing manlion
Upon the beached verge of the fait flood ■;
Which, once a day, with his emboficd froth
The turbulent furge ihall cover. Sbakefpeare.

Be'achy. adj. [from beach.l Having
beaches.

The beacby girdle of the ocean
Too wide for Neptune's hips. Shjkefpeare.

Be'acon. n.f. [beacon. Sax. from been,
a fignal, and becnan, whence beckon,
to make a fignal.]

1. Something raifed on an eminence, to
be fired on the approach of an enemy, to
alarm the country.

His blazing eyes, like two bright fiiining (hiehii;
Did bum with wrath, and fparkled living fire ;
As two broad beacons fet in open fields
Send forth their flames. fairy S^een.

Modcll doubt is call'd
The beacon of the wife. Stakefpeare.

The king feemed to account of Pcrkin as a
May-game j yet had given order for the watching
of beacons upon the coalls, and erecting more where
they floiid too thin. Ba:on,

No flaming beacons caft their blaze afar.
The dreadful fignal of invafive war. Cay.

2. Marks crefled, or lights made in tlie
night, to diredt navigators in their
courfes, and warn them from rocks,
fhallows, and fandbanks.

Bead. n.f. [b«abe, prayer, Saxon.]

1. Small globes or balls of glafs or pearl,
or other fubftance, ftrung upon a thread,
and ufed by the Romanics to count their
prayers ; from whence the phrafe to tell
beads, or to be at one's beads, is to be at
prayer.

That aged dame, the lady of the place.
Who all this while was bufy at hn beads. Fairy ^

Thy voice 1 fecm in every hymn to hear.
With ev'ry bead 1 drop too foft a tear. Pope,

2. Little balls worn about the neck for or-
nament.

With fcarfs and fans, and double charge of
brav'ry,
With amber bracelets, beads, and all fuch knav'ry.

Sbakefpeare.

3. Any globular bodies.

Thy Ipirit within thee hath been fo at war.
That tegds of fweat have ftood upon thy brow.

Sbakejpeare.

Several yellow lumps of amber, almod like

beads, with one fide flat, had faftened therafclves

to the bottom. Boyle.

Bt-XoTree. [azedaraeh."] A plant.

Be'adle. n./. [bybel. Sax. ameflenger;

bedeau,FT. bedel, iip3.n. bedelle, Dmch.]

1. A meflenger or fervitor belonging to a
court. Coiuell.

2. A petty officer in parifhes, whofe bufi-
nefs it is to punith petty offenders.

A dog's obey'd in office.
Thou rafcal beadle, huU thy bl'ioJy hand :
Why doll thou lafii t)iat whore ? Sbakefpeare.

Thry ought to be ta'«cn care of in this condi-
tion, either by the beadU or the aagllirate.

Spenattr.

Their common loves, a lewd abandon'd pack,
" The beadle'i lafli ftilliflaerar.t on their back. Prior,
Be'aproll. n.f. [from bead and roll.] A
catalogue of thofe who arc to be men-
tioned at prayers.

The king, for the better credit of his rfpiais
abroad, did ufe to have thcni curfcd by name
amougft tlie beadicll of tiic king's enemies.

. P, icon's Henry VI f.

Be'adsman. n.f. [(torn bead ?t.ndma>!.\
A man employed in praying, generally
in praying for another.

An holy hofpital,
In which feven beadfm:n, that had vowed all
Their life to fenicc of high heaven's ki ng. Fairy i^.

In thy danger.
Commend thy grievance to my holy prayer ;
For I v.ill be thy bcadfrnan, Valentine. Sbclrfpi

Be'agle. n.f. [bigle, Fr.] Afraallhound
with wliich hares are hunted.

The reft were various huntings.
The graceful goddcfs was array'd in green j
About her feet were little beagles fcen.
That watch'd with upward eyes the motions of
their queen. Dryden s Fables.

To plains with we'tl-bred beagles we repair.
And trace the mazes of the circling hare. Pope.-
BEAK. n.f. [bee, Fr. pig,\Ye\ai.)

1. The bill or horny mouth of a bird.

His royal bird
Prunes the immortal wing, and cloys his beah.
As when his god is pleas'd. Sbakefp. Cymbeline.

He faw the ravens with their hurny beaks
Fond to Elijah bringinii. Miltoii's Paradife Reg.

The magpye, lighting on the ftock,
StooJ chat:' ring with incefl'ant din,
And with her beak gave many a knock. S'xviff.

2. A piece of brafs like a beak, fixed ac
the end of the ancient gallics, with
which they pierced their enemies. It
can now be ufed only for the fore part
of a fhip.

With boiling pitch another near at hand.
From friendly S^■.eden brought, the feams inflops 5-
Which, well laid o'er, the f ilt fea waves withftand.
And fiiake them from the tifing beak in drops.

Dryden.

3. A beak is a little flioe, at the toe about-
an inch long, turned up and faftened ia
upon the fore-part of the hoof.

y Farrier's DiQ.

4. Any thing ending in a point like a
beak ; as, the fpout of a cup ; a pro-
minence of land.

Cuddenbeak, from a well-advanced promontory,

which entitled it beak, taketh a profpect of the

river. Careius Surrey.

Be'aked. adj. [from beak.] Having a

beak ; having the form of a beak.

And qucftion'd every guft of rugL^cd winds.
That blows from off each beakid promontory.

Milton.

Be'aker,»./. [from beak.] A cup with-
a fpout in the form of a bird's beak.

And into pikes and mufqucteers
Stampt beakers, cups, and porringers. hudihra;.

With dulcet bcv'rage this the beaker crown'd.
Fair in the midll, with gilded cups around.

P(,pe's Odypy.

Beal. n.f. [bolla, Ital.] A whelk or

pimple.
To Beal. 'v. a. [from the noun.] To

ripen ; to gather matter, or come to a

head, as a lore does.
BEAM. n.f. [beam. Sax. a tree.]
I. The main piece o^timber that fupportS'

the houle.

A beam is the largeft piece of wood in a build-
ing, wbidi always lies crofs the building or the

walls,

B E A

B E A

B fi A

w*Ui( rerving to Aipport the principal r>ften of th
roof, and into which tl<c feet of the principal raf
tcrs are framed. No building has lefs tlian two
hcoKu, one at each head. Into theie, the girders
of the garret floor are alfo framed j and| if the
building be of timberi the tciicl-tenoni of the
pofts are framed. The proportions of teams, in or
near London, are fiied by a£t of parliament. A
bum, fifteen feet long, muft be feven inches on
one fide its fquare, and live on the other; if it be
fixtern feet long, one fide muft be eight inche^i
the other fix ; and fo proportionable to their
lengths. Byilitr'i Dili.

The building of living creatures is like the
building of a timber houfc ; the walls and other
parti have columns and beam, but the roof is tile,
or lead, or ftone. Bent:

He iieav'd, with more than human force, to
move
A u-etghty ftone, the labour of a team.
And rais'd from thence he reach'd the nei^hb'ring
heatu, Dryden.

2. Any large and long piece of timber :
a beam muft have more length th.m
thicknels, by which it is diAinguiihed
from a block.

But Lycus, fwiftcr.
Springs to the walls, and leaves his foes behind,
And fnatches at the heav. he firft cm find.

DryJin's j^reU.

3. That part of a balance, at the ends of
which the fcales are fufpended.

Pjif; the caufe in juftice' equal fcales,
Whofe team Hands fure, whofe rightful cauie pre-
vails. ' Skahejyeare.
If the length of the fides in the balance, anJ
the weights at the ends, be bith equal, the btam
will be in horizontal fituation : but if either the
weights alone be equal, or the dlftances alone, the
hcam will accordingly decline. ffUkim.

4. The horn of a iVkg.

And taught the woods to echo to the ftream
His dreadful challenge, and his clafliing iiem.

Dmbam.

5 . The pole of a chariot ; that piece of
wood which runs between the horfes.

Juturna heard, and, fciz'd with mortal fear,
Forc'd from the beam her brother's charioteer.

Dryditi,

6. Among weavers, a cylindrical piece of
wood belonging to the loom, on which
the web is gradually rolled as it is wove.

The ftaff of his Ipear was like a weaver's btam.

1 Ckrort.

7. Beam of an Anchor. The ftraight part
er (hank of an anchor, to which the
hooks are faftened.

8. Beam Compares. A wooden or brafs in-
ftrument, with Aiding fockets, to carry
feveral (hifting points, in order to draw
circles with very long radii ; and ufefui

. in large projections, for drawing the
furniture on wall dials. Harris.

9. [funnebeam. Sax. a ray of die fun.]
The ray of light emitted from fome lu-
minous body, or received by the eye.

Pile ten hills on the Tarpeian rock.
That the precipitation might down ftrctch
Below the beam of !ig!it. SbakcJfeare'sCor'iolanus,
Pleafing, yet cold, like Cynthia's filver brttm.

Dryden.
As hcav'n't bleft beam tumi vinegar mure irur.

Pope.

To Beam. i». n. [from the noun.] To
emit rays or beams.

Each emanation of his fires
That beami on earth, e ich virtue he infpires. Pofx.

Beam Tree. A fpeciefof wild fervice.

Be'amy. edj. [from lieam.\

I. Radiant; Ihming ; emitting beams.

All-feeing fun !
Hi4e, h de in Ihamcful night, thy beamy liead.

Sirirb.

2. Having tie weight or maffinefs of a
beam.

H s double-biting axe, and beamf fpear;
Each jlcing a gigantic farce to rear. Dryil, Fablei.

J. Having horns or antlers.

Rouze fr>im their defert dens the brift!cd rage
Of boars, and beamy iVags in toils engage .

Dryden I Virgil.
Bean. »./ [fata, Lat.]

The fpecies arc, i. 1'he c >mmon garden bean.

a. The lior/e bean. There arc feveral varieties

of the garden beans, differing either in colour or

fize. The principal forts which are cultivated in

England, a.e the Mazagan, the fmall Lilbon, the

Spanifh, thf^ Tokay, the Sandwich, and Wtniifor

beam. The Mazagan bear. I'i brought fron a fet-

tlementof the Porlugucfe, on the c aft of Africa,

of the fame name ; and is by far the beft fort to

plant for an early crop. Miller,

His allowance of oats and beans for his horfc

was greater than his journey required. Stvift,

Bean Caper, [fabago."] A plant.

Beam Trejfcl, An herb.

To BEAR. 1'. a. pret. / bore, or bare ;

V-art. pair, bore, or born, [beojian, bepan.

Sax. bairan, Gothick. Jt is founded as

bare, as the are in care and tiare.'\

1. This is a word ufed with fuch latitude,
that it is not eafily explained.

We fay to bear a burden, to bear forrow or re-
proach, to bear a name, to bear a grudge, to bear
fruit, or to bior ciiildren. The word bear is ufed
in very diticrent fcnfes. fyatli,

2. To carry as a burden.

They bfar him upon the Ihoulder} they carry
him and fet him in his place. Ifaiab,

And Solomon had threefcore and ten thoaiand
that bare burdens. 1 Kings.

As an eagle ftirreth up her neft, (luttcreth over
her young, Ipreadcth abroad her wings, taketh
them, bearelb them on her wings. Dtuteroncmy.

We fee fome, who we think have bcrn lefs oi
the burden, rewarded above ourlelves.

Decay of Piety.

3. To convey or carry.

My meffage to the ghoft of Priam iear \
Tell him a new Achilles fent thee there. Dryd,J^n,

A gueft like him, a Trojan gucft befoie,
In fhew oi fricndlhip, fought tlie Spartan Ihore,
And ravijh'd Helen from her hufband htre. Garth.

4. To carry as a mark of authority.

1 do commit into your hand
Th' unftained fword that you have us'd to bear.

Stukffpeare,

5 . To carry as a mark of diftinftion.

He may not bear fo fair and fo noble an image
of thf divine glory, as the univerfe •n its full
fy.^em. Huh.

His pious brother, fure the beft
Who e\or bore that name. Dryden.

The fad fpeflators ftiffen'd with their fears
She fee?, and fudJen every limb (he fmears,;
Then each of favagc bcafts thf figure bears. Garth.

His fupreme fpirlt of mind will bear its beft re-
femblancc, when it rcprefents the fupreme infinite.

Cbeyne.

So we fay, to bear arms in a coat.

6. To carry, as in fliow.

Look like the ti.me ; bear welcome in your eye,
Your hand, your tongue ; look like the innocent

flower.
But b| the fcrpent under 't. Stakejfeare.

7. To carry, as in trulL

He was a thief, and had the bag, and bare what
WIS put therein. yobn.

8. To fupport ; to keep from falling :
frequently with up.

Under colour of rooting out popery, the rooft
cft'eAual means to bear uf the ftate of rclig'ien

may be remoTed, and fo • way be male either (<*
paganifm, or for barbarifm, to enter. Hotker.

And Simfon took hold of the two middle piU
lari, upon which the houfc ftood, and on which tc
was br<rne up. yudgtt*

A religious hope does not only bear uf the mind
under her fufierings, but nakei her rejoice in
them. yiddi/m.

Some power iovifiWe fupports his foul.
And bears it up in all its wonted f reatnefs. ^ddif*^

g. To keep afloat ; to keep from finking t- '
ibmetimes with up.

The waters increafcd, and bare up the ark, and
it was lifted up above the earth. Genejit,

10. To fupport with proportionate ftrength.

Animals that ufc a great deal of labour and
excrcife, have their foliJ par;s more eiaftick and
ftrong j they can bear, and ought to have, ftrongcr
food. jlrbttibnsi c» Mmrrtt.

1 1. To carry in the mind, as love, hate.

How did the open multitude reveal
The wond'rous love they bear him under hand !

Daniel.

They hare great faith and obedience to the
kings. Bacon.

Darah, the eldeft, bean a generous raiod,
But to implacable revenge inclin'J. Dryden.

The coward bin the man immortal fpite. Dryd.

As for this gentleman, who is fond of her, ihe
bearelb him an invincible hatred. Swift,

That inviolable love I bear to the land of my
nativity, prevailed upon me to engage in fo bold
an attempt. Swift*

12. To endure, as pain, without finking.
]t was not an enemy that reproach'd me, then I

could have bcrne it. P/almi.

13. To fufFer ; to undergo, as puuilhment
or misfortune.

I have borne chaftifements, I will not offend any
more. ^fii.

That which was torn of beafts I brought not
unto thee, 1 bare the lofs of it j of my hand dldft
thou require it. Genefis.

1 4. To permit ; to fufFer without refent-
menc.

To rejcfl all orders of the church which men
fcive eftablilhed, is to think worfe of the laws of
men, in this refped, than either the juiigment of
wife men alloweth, or the law of God itfcif will
bear. Honker*

Not the gods, nor angry Jove, will har
Thy la\\*lefs wand'ring walks in upper air. Drytt

I 5. To be capable of; to admit.

Being the fon of one earl of Pembroke, and
younger brother to another, who liberally fupplied
his expcnie, beyond what his annuity from hit
father could bear. Chrendon.

Give his thought either tlie fame turn, if our
tongue wiU bear it, or, if not, vary but the drefs.

Dryden,

Do not charge your coins with more ufcs than
they can bear. It is the method of fuch as love
any fciencc, to difcover all others in it.

Addijin OB Medals.

Had he not been eager to find iniftakes, he
would not have ftraincd my works to fuch a fcnfe
as they will not bear. Aiterbury.

In all criminal cales, the moft favourable inter-
pretation Ihould be put upon words that they
puflibly can tear. Swift,

16. To produce, as fruit.

There be fome plants that bear no flower, and
yet bear fruit : there be fome that bear flowers,
and no fruit : there be fome that bear neither
flowers nor fruit. Bacon,

They wing'd their flight aloft ; then, {looping
low,
Perch'd on the double tree that bears the golden
bough. Dryden. .

Say, (hepherd, fay in what glad foil appears
A wond'rous tree that lacred monaichsirarj. Poft,

17. To bring forth, as a child.

The

B E A

B E A

B E A

The quecR, that hm thee

Cftner upon her knecj than on her tVet,

Died every day fhe liv'd- Sbaktjfcare.

Ye know that my wife tare two fons. Gerujii*

What could the mufe herfeltthat Orpheus i«r<-.

The mufe herf?lf, for her enchanting fon ? Milun.

The fame jTneas, whom fair Venus hre
To fam'd Anchifes on th'Idean (hote. Drydtn,

1 8. To give birth te ; to be the native
place of.

Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos Icre,
But now felf-bani(h'd from his native Ihore. Dryr!.

19. To poffefs, as power or honour.

Wlien vice prevails, and impious men ^rarfway,
The pod of honour is a private ftation. Add'if. Cato.

20. To gain ; to win : commonly with
atvay.

As it more concerns the Turk than Rhodes,
So may he with more facile queftion htar it ;
For that it liands not in fuch warlike brace. Sbak.

Becaufe the Greek and Latin have ever i>orne
away the prerogative from all other tongi.es, they
Ihall fervc as toucbftooes to make our trial> by.

Cijmdin.

Some think to itar it by fpeaking a great word,
and being peremptory ; and go on, and take by
admittance that which they cannot make good.

21. To maintain ; to keep up.

He findi the pleafure and credit of Arariff^ a part
Ih the convcrfacion, and of hearing his reafons ap-
proved. LacU.

zz. To fupport any thing good or bad.

1 was carried on to oblerve, how they did hear
their fortunes, and how they did employ tlielr
times. Baan.

23. To exhibit.

Ye Trojan flames, your tcftimony btary
What I perform'd and what I fufter'd there. Dryd,

24. To be anfwerable for.

If I bring him not unto thee, let me tear the
blame. Gimfa.

O more than madmen ! you yourfelves (hall hear
The guilt of blood and facrilcgiou] war. Drjden.

25. Tofupply.

What have you under your arm ? Somewhat that
will bear yourdiarges in your pilgrimage ? Dryd.

a6. To be the objed of. This is unufual.

rU oc your father and your brother too \
Let me but bear your love, 1*11 bear your cares.

Sbaheff^eare.

27. To behave j to aft in any charafter.

Some good inflruAion give.
How I may bear me hete. Shateffeare.

Hath he borne himfelf penitent in prifon ? Hbak,

28. To hold ; to reftrjin I with 0^

Do you fufpsfe t.he fl.ite .,i this realm to be now
fo feeble, that it cannot bear nffi greater bliw than
this ? Hayuard.

29. To impel ; to urge; to pulh : with
fome particle noting the direftion of the
impulfe ; as, di,'wn, on, hackyfofwarj.

The refidue were lo d:f,rdered as they could
not conveniently fight or fly, nnd not only juftlel
and bore dovta one another, but, in their confufea
tumbling back, brake a part of the avant guard.
Sir yokn Hayivard.
Contention, like a horfe
Full of high feeding, madly hath broke lonfe.
And beart dorvn all before him. Sbjkefpeare.

Their broken oars, and floating planks, withf^ and
Their paflagc, while they labour to the land ;
And ebbing tides bear back upon th' uncertain fand.

Dryden,

Now with a nclfeiefs gentle courle
It keeps within the middle bed j
Anon it lifts aloft the head,
And bean dawn all before it with impetuous force.

Dryden.

Truth is bartie dawn, atteflation> neglcitrd, the
teftimony of fober pcrfons defpifed. Sivifi.

The bopci of enjojring the abbey landt wo.ild

foon hear dnon all conliderations, and be ah e/Tcc-
tual incitement to their perverficu. S'wift.

30. To conduft ; to manage.

My hope is
So to bear through, and out, the confulfhip,
As fpite ihali ne'er wound you, though it may me.

Si* *Jin^m.

31. To prefs.

Csefar doth bear me hard j but he loves Brutus.

ShakeJ^ear^ .

Though he hear me hard,

I yet muil do him right. Ben Jortjon.

Thefe men bear hard upon 1*10 fufpc^ed party,

purfue her clofe through all her windings. .^^Wj/o;;.

32. To incite ; to animate.

But confidence then hire thee on ; fecure
Either to meet no danger, or to find
Matter of glorious trial. Mi/ton.

33. To bear a hoJy, A colour is faid to
iear a body in painting, when it is capa-
ble of being ground fo fine, and mixing
with the oil fo entirely, as to feem only
a very thick oil of the fame colour.

34. To bear date. To carry the mark of
the time when any thing was written.

35. To bear a price. To have a certain
value.

36. To bear in hand. To amufe with falfe
pretences ; to deceive.

Your daughter, whom Ihe btire in hand to love
With fuch integrity, flie did confcfs,
Was as a fcorpion to her fight. Shakeffeare.

His ficknefs, age, and impotence.
Was falfely b^mc in band, Sbakefpearc.

He repaired to Biugcs, defiring of the dates of
Bruges to enter peaceably into their town, with
a retinue fit fvx his eflatc j and hearing them in
hand, that he wa« to communicate with them ot
matters of great importance, for their good. Bacon.

It is no wonder, that fome would hear the world
in hand, that the apodle^s dcfign and meaning is for
prcibytery, though his words arc for epifcopacy.

Houth.

37. To bear off. To carry away.

1 will refpect thee as a father, if
Thou hear ji my life e^hencc. Shakefpeare.

The fun views halfthe earth on cither way,
And here brings on, and there bean off the day.

Creech.

Give but the word, we'll fnatch this damfel up.

And tiar her cff, Addifin's Cato.

My foul g^roVK defperate.
I'll hear her tff. A. Pinlifs.

38. Te bear out. Toftjpport ; to maintain ;
to defend.

I hupe y our warrant will bear ml the deed. Sbak.

I can once or twice a quarter bear out a knave
againd an honed man* Sbakefpearc.

Changes arc never without dangerVTmlefs the
prince be able to bear out his actions by power.

Sir y. Hayvjord.

Quoth Sidrophel, I do not doubc
To find friends that will hear me out. Hadibrai,

Company only can bear a man out in an ill
thing. Siuih.

I doubted whether that occafnn could bear me
cut in the confidence of giving your ladyfhip any
farther trouble. Icmjilt.

To Be A R. v. V.

1. To fuffer pain.

Stranger, ceafe thy care ;
Wife i< the foul ; but man is born to hear :
Jove weighs affairs of earth in dubious fcales,
And the gr,od fuHets while the bad prevails. Pope.
They bore as heroes, but they felt at men. Pofe.

2. To be patient.

I cannot, cannot bear \ 'tis pad, 'tis done ;
Perilh this impious, this detefted fon! Dryden.

3. To be fruitful or prolifick.

A fruit tree hath been blown up almod by the
roots, and ki a^ again, aud (he acsC year hear
exceedingly. Sear.^

Betwixt two feafons comes th' aufpicioul ar».
This age to bloflbm, and the next to hear. Dryden.

Melons on beds of ice ate taught to hear.
And, drangers to the fun, yet ripen here. Gran-vUlt.

4. To take effeft ; to fucceed.

Having pawned a full fuit of clothes for a fum
of money, which my operator aflTured me was the
lad he fljould want to bring all our matters to
hear. Guardian*

5. To aft in any charadler.

Indruft me
How I may formally in perfon bear
Like a true friar. Shakefpeare*

6. To tend ; to be direfted to any point :
with a particle to^etermine the mean-
ing ; as. It/), iit/jay, onrward.

I'he oily drops, Iwimming on the fpirit of wine,
moved redleffly to and fio, fometimes hearing up
to one another, as if all were to unite into one
body i and then falling oft", and continuing tJ (hift
places. Bcjte.

Never did men more joyfully obey.
Or fooner underdood the fign to fly :
With fuch alacrity they bmc aivay. Dryden^

Whofe navy like a dift'-dretch'd cord did Ihew,
Till he bore in, and best them into dighc. Dryd.

On this the hero fix'd an oak in fighr,
The m.irk to guide the mariners aright :
To hear mirb this, the feamen dretch their oars^
Then round the rock they deer, and feck ihe
former (horcs. Drydtn,

In a convex mirrour, we view the figures and
all other things, which bear out vihh more lif-' and
drcngth than nature itfelf. Dryden.

7. To aft as an impellent, opponent, or
as a reciprocal power : generally with,
the particles ufon or againfi.

We were cncounter'd by a mighty rock.
Which being violently borne upon,
Our helplcfs (hip was fplitted in the midd. ShaM.

Upon the tops of mountains, the air which heart
again/t the redagnant quickfilver is lefs prefled.

Bcyle.^

The fides bearing one againjl the other, they
could not lie fo dole at the bottoms. Burnet.

As a lion, bounding in his way,
With foice augmented bears againfi his prey.
Sideling to feize. Dryden.

Becaufe the operations to be performed by the
teeth require a confiderablc drength in the indru-
ments which move the lower jaw, nature hath
provided this with drong mufcles, to make it bear
forcibly againjl the upper jaw. Ray.

The weight of the body doth hear mod upon the
knee joints, in raifing itfelf up j and mod upon the
mufcles of the thighs, in coming down. Pf^ilkins.

The waves of the lea hear violently and rapidly
upon fome Ihoies, the waters being pent up by the
land. Broonit.

8. To aft upon.

Spinoid, \v;tji his (hot, did hear upon thofe with-
in, who appeared upon the walls. Haytoard.

9. To be fituated with refpeft to other
places ; as, this mountain bears weft of
the promontory.

10. To bear up. To ftand firm without
falling ; not to fink ; not to faint or faiL

So long as nature
Will hear up with this cxetcife, fo long
I daily vow to ulc ir. Sbakefpearc.

Perlbns in didrcfs may fpeak of themfclves with
dignity ; it (hews a greatnefs of foul, that they
hear up againd the dorms vf fortune. Broome.

The conlcioufnefsof integrity, the fenfeof a life
fpent in doing good, will enable a man to hear up
under any change of circumftanccs. Aitirbury.

When our commanders ar^d foldicrs were raw
and unexperienced we lod battles and towns : yet.
we bore up then, ai the French do now ; nor was-
there any thing decifive in their fuccelTes. Stvift,

M. To bear 'wit/j. To endure an unpleaf-
ing thing.

Th«y

B E A

They are content to bur vi'itb my abfence and
foUy.

Though I muft be content to btar with thofc
that fay you are reverend grave men ; yet they lie
deadly, that tell you, you hive good faces. Shak.

Look you lay home to him;
Tell him his pranks have been too broad to t>-i>r
^itb. Sbaiffpfjrf.

Sear toUh me then, if lawful what I alk. Milicn.

BEAR. It./, [bepa, Saxon; ur/t/t,hit.]

1. A rough fiwage aitimal.

Some have falfely reported, that iriirs bring tht-it
"ycunt into the world Ibpelefs, and that thcii dams
lick them into form. The dams go no longer than
thirty days, and generally produce five young onafc
In the winter, they lie hid and afleep, the male
forty days, and the femai* four months ; and fo
foundly for the lirft fourteen days, that blows will
n^t waltt them. In the flcepy feafjn, they are
/aid to have no nourifliment but from licking their
feet. This animal has naturally an. hideous louk,
but when enraged it is terrible ; and, as rough
and ftupid as it fccms to be, it is capablf of difci-
plinc ; it leapt, dances, and plays a thoufand little
tricks at the found of a trumpet. They abound in
Poland. In the remote northern countries the fpe-
. cies is whi:e. Ca!met>

Call hithtr to the (lake my two brave bean,
Bid Saiifijury and Warwick come to me.
—Arc ihcfe thy bears ? we'll bait thy beirs to death,
And manacle the bearward in their chains. Sbak.

Thou'dft fliun a hear ;
But if thy flight lay tow'rd the raging fca,
Thou'dft meet the bear V th" mouth. Shahfptare.

2. The name of two conftellations, called
the greater and UJJir bear ; in the tail
of the lejjir bear, is the pole-ftar.

E'en then when Troy was by the Greeks o'cr-
thrown.
The bear oppos'd to bright Orion (hone. Creech.

Bear-bind. n.f. Afpecies of bindweed.
jBEAR-PLy. n.f. [from bear and^.] An
infca.

Ther^ be of flies, caterpillars, canker-flies, and
biarfus. Baan's Nalural H'tJI'-ry-

Bear-garden, n.f. [from bear znAgar-

e/en.]
(. A place in which bears are kept for

fport.

Hurrying me from thepIay-houfc,and the fcenes
there, to the bear-garjen, to the apes, and alTes,
and tygers. StUlirgjleit .

t. Any place of tumult or mifrule.

I could not forbear going to a place of renow.j
for the gallantry of Britons, namely to the tear-
garden, Sj^^^atcr.

Bear-garden. a:fj. A word ufed in fa-
miliar or low phraic for rui/e or turbulent ;
as, a beer -garden fdloiu ; that is, a man
rude enough to be a proper frequentel" of
the bear-garden. Bear garden fport, is
ufed for grofs inelegant entertainment.

Bear's-breech. n.f. [acanthus. "^ The
name of a plant.

The fpfcies arc, i. The fmooth-leaved garden
iear's-brce>b. 2. The prickly i«jr'j-ir«rA. 3. The
xn\ii\c tcar's-breeeb, with Ihort.l'pincs, iff. The
firft is ufed in medicine, and is fuppofcd to be the
mollis aeantbus of Virgil. The leaves of this plant
are cut upon the capitals of the Corinthian pillars,
and were formerty in great eftcem with the Ro-
mans. Mdlir.

Bear's -EAR, or Auricula, [auricula urfi,

Lat.] The name of a plant.
Bear's -EAR. or Saniclc. [cortufa, Lat.]

A plant.
J}e AR's-f OOT. n.f. A fpecies of hellebore.
jBtAR's-woRT. n.f, A a herb.

B E A

BE.'^RD. H.f, [beapb, Saxon.] t

1. The hair that grows on the llpi and
chin.

Eie on thy chin the fpilrrging beard began
Tn fpread a d'^ubtful down, and promile m.in. Pri'r,

2. Beard is ufed for the face ; as, to do any
thing to a man's beard, is to do it in de-
fiance, or to his face.

Rail'd at th'lr covenant, and jeerM
Their rev'rcnd pcrfons to my beard, Hudihrau

3. Beqrd is ufed to matk age or virility ;
as, he has a long beard, means he is old.

This ancient ruffian. Sir, wbofe life I have
fparcd at fuit of his grey beard. Sbakeffeare,

Some thin remains of chaftity appear'd
Ev'n under Jove, but Jove without a ^ctfr*^. Dryd,

Would it not be infufferabic for a profelTor to
have his. autliority, of forty years ftaiiding, cm-
firmed by general tradition and a reverend beard,
overturned by in upftart novelift ? Lsike.

4. Sharp prickles growing upon the ears
of corn.

The ploughman loft bis fweat, and the green
corn
Hath rotted ere its youth attain'd a beard' Shakefp.
A certain farmer complained, that the beards
of his coin cut the reapers and thrclhers fingers.

L'EJiran^e.

5. A barb on an arrow.

6. The beard or chuck of a horfe, is that
part which bears the curb of the bridle.

Farrier's Did.
To Beard, v. a. [from beard.'\

1 , To take or pluck by the beard, in con-
tempt or anger.

No man fo potent breathes upon the ground.
But I will htard him, Shakeffrare.

2. To oppofe to the face ; to fet at open
defiance.

He, whenfocver he ffiould fwerve from duty,
may be able to beard him. Spenjer.

I have been bearded by boys. More.

The defign of utterly extipating monarchy and
epifcopacy, the prefbyterians alone begun, conti-
nued, and would have ended, if they had not been
bearded by that new party, with whom they could
not agree about dividing the fpoil. Swift.

Be'arded. adj. [from beard."]

1 . Having a bearil.

Think every bearded fellow, that's but yok'd,
M;iy draw with you, Shakefpture.

Old prophecies foretel our fall at hand.
When ieatded meti in fl,)a;ing cafilesland. Dryden.

2. Having fharp prickles, as corn.

As when a field
Of Ceres, ripe for hirveft, waving bends
Her bearded grove of ears, which way the wind
Sways them. Millen.

The fierce virago ^
Flewo'erthe field, nor hurt the beardedpMn, Dryd.

3. Barbed or jagged.

Thci; Ihouid'u have pull'd the fecret from my
breaft.
Torn out tne beardiJiift] to give me rtli. Dryden.
Be'ardi. ESS. adj. [from beard.}

1. Without a beard.

There arc fome coins of Cunobelin, king of
Eflex and Middlefcx, with a beard.'ejt image, in-
fcribed Cundelin, Camden.

2. Youthful.

And, as young ftriplings whip the top for fport
On the ftnooth pavement of an empty court,
The wooden engine flies and whirls about,
AJmir'd with clamours of the^ftfri//r/i rout. Dryd.
Bt'ARER. n.f. [from To bear.]
I, A carrier of any thing, who conveys
any thing from one place or perfon to
another.

He (hould the bearers put to fudaco death.
Net Jhrivirj time lilow'd, Shakefprare.

B E.A:

Forgive the bearer of unhappy aevrt ;
Your alter'd father openly purfuet
Vour ruin. DryJen,

No gentleman fendi a fervarit with a meifage,
without endeavouring to put it into tenns brought
down to the capacity of the hearer, Svjtfi,

2. One employed in carrying burthens.

And he tct ihrcefcorc and ten tnoufand of them
to be bearers of burdens, z Cbronieles,

3. One who wears any thing.

O niajcfty !
When thou doft pinch thy bearer, thou doft fie
Like a rich armour worn in heat of day.
That fcalds with fafety. Shaktfpeere,

4. One who carries the body to the grave.

J. A tree that yields its produce.

This way of procuring autumnal rofcs, in fome
that arc good bearirs, will fucceed, Boyle.

Reprune apricots, faving the young fljoots ; for
the raw bearers commonly perilh. Evelyn,

6. [In architefture.] A poft or brick wall
raifed up betv%'een the ends of a piece of
timber, 10 (horten its bearing ; or to
prevent its bearing with the whole
weight at the ends only.

7. [In heraldry.] A fupporter.
Be'arherd. n.f. [from bear and herd,

as Jhepherd from fieep.] A man that
tends bears.

He that is more than a youth, is not for me ;

and he that is lefs than a man, 1 am not for him ;

therefore I will even take fixpence in earneft of the

bearberd, and lead his apes into hell. Shakcjpcare,

Be'aring. n.f. [from bear.]

1. The fite or place of any thing with re-
fpeft to fomething elfe.

Bur of this frame, the bearing and the ties.
The ftrong connexions, nice dependencies.
Gradations juft, has thy pervading foul
Louk'd through i or can a part contain the whole *

Pope,

2. Gefture ; mien ; behaviour.

That is Claudio j i know him by his bearingm

Shakffpcare,

3. [In architefture.] Bearing of a piece of
timber, with carpenters, is the fpace
either between the two fixt extremes
thereof, or between one extreme and a
poft or wall, trimmed up between the
ends, to Ih^rten its bearing. Build. D.d.

Be'arward. n.f. [from ^fflr and luflrij',]
A keeper of bears.

We'll bait thy bears to death.
And manacle the ifurwcrrf in their chains. Sbah.

The bear is led after one manner, the multituJe-
after another j the beamvard leads but one brute,
and the mountebank leads a thoufand. L^EJirange.

BEAST, n.f. [befte, Fr. beftia, Lat.]

1. An animal, dilHnguilhed from bird.*,
infcfts, fiflies, and man.

The man that once did fell the lion's flcin
While the beafi liv'd, was kill'd with hunting him.

Shakejpeare.

Beafis of chafe are the buck, the doe, the fox,
the miiric n, and the roe. BeaJIs of the forcft are
the bait, the hind, the hare, the boar, and the
wolf. 5r,i^r of warren arc the hare and cony. C^ve,'.

2. An irrational animal, oppofed to man ;
as, man and bea^,

I dare do all that may become a man ;

Who d.irfs do more, is none.

Wi.T- Icrjl was 't then
That made you break this enterpriie to me »

Shahripfare' s Maeieth,
Medea's charms were there, Cjrcean feaftj.
With bowls that turn'd cnamour'd youths to beafMi,

X)rydew,

3. A

B E A

J . A brutal favage man ; a man afling in
any manner unworthy of a reafonable
creature.

?« Beast, v. a. A term at cards.

Be'astin'gs. See Bsestincs.

Be'astliness. n.f. [from ieajily.'] Bru-
tality ; praftice of any kind contrary to
the rules of humanity.

They held this land, and with their filthincfs
Pjlluced this fame g^tle foil long time ;
That their own mother loath'd their heaftlirrfs,
Aad 'gan abhor her btcoj's unkindly crime.

Fairy Sluieit.
Se'astly. a.{j. [from beaj}.'\
I . Brutal ; contrary to the nature and dig-
nity of man. It is ufed commonly as
a term of reproach.

Wonljil thou have thyfelf fall in the confufion
of men, or nmaia a bealt with bealls ?— Ay — a
bmfily ambition, Sbahflxare.

You tcajliy knave, know you no reverence ?

Slakeffitare^i JClng Lear,
W.th lewd, prophanr, anil bc-.jily pbrafc,
Tocauh the wo.ld'i loofc lau^b.:er, or vuin gaze.

Ban Jonf'^n,
It is charged upon the gentlemen of the army,
Ihjt the hajily vice of drinking to cxcefs hath been
lately, from their example, reftored among us.

Swift.
J. Having the nature or form of beafts.

ruifiiy tlivinit c;, and drnv*3 of gods. Prkr,

To BEAT. ■». a. prefer, teat; part. pafl'.

teat, or tiaicn. [battre, French.]
I, To .1r;J:e ; to knock ; to lay blows upon.
So tijht 1, not ai one that ieaicib the air.

I Cormtbhni.
He ra»'d with all the madnefi of dcfpair j
He roat'd, he beat his brea.1, h; tore his hair.

Dryder,

t. To punifb with Ilripes or blows.

They 'vc chofe a conful that will from them
t.ike
Their libeitias ; make th:m of no more voice
Thaa dogs, that are often hat for barki.ig. Sbah.
Midrefs ford, good heart, is beaten black and
b!u«, that you cannot fee a white fpot about her.

SiaUjpeare.

There is but one fault for which children fliould

be l;at:r. ; and that ii obftinacy or rebellion, iocli-,

3. To llrike an inJlruraent of raufick.

Bid them come forth and hear,
Or at their chamber do.:)r I'll beat tlie drum,
Till it cry, deep to death. Stah'Ipcare.

4. To break ; to broife ; to fpread ; to
comminute by blows.

The people gathered manna, and ground it in
mills, oxbijr it in a mortar, and baked it. Nurr.hrri,

They did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut
it into wires, to work it. Extdut.

They fave the laborioui work of beating of
hemp, by makir.g the axletree of the main wheel
t.f tlicircom mills longer tiian ordinary, and pUciug
f( tins in tliem, to ralfc Urge hammers like thcf^
ufcd for piper ar.d fulling mills, with which they
. ^c;.' moll of their hemp. Mcriimer.

Neftor furniflied the gold, and he btat it into
1-avcs, fu that he bid occaCon to ufe his anvil and
hammer. Erctme.

5. To flrike bufhes or ground, or make a
motion to roufe game.

Jc is ftrange how long fome men will lie in wait
tT fpeak, and how many other marters they will
tent over to come near it. . Bac-.ii.

When from the cave thou rifeil with the day
To teat the woods, and roufe the twuoding prey.

Priir.

Tr.jetI.er let us beat this ample field,
Trv \-rl-„: rhe open, what the covert yield. P'fie.

f>. 'I'o thrtlh ; to dtive the corn out of the
hulk.

She gluned in the fielJ, and teat out thit (he
had gleaned. Jiiilt.W. it.

Vol. I.

B E A

7. To fni.'c things by long and frequent
agitation.

By long beating the white of an egg with a lump
of alum, you may bring it into white curds. Bylt.

8. To batter with engines of war.

And he heat down the tower of Penuel, and
flew the men of the city. Judget, viii. 17.

9. To dafh as water, or brudi as wind.

Bejond this flood a frozen continent
Lies dark and wild ; beat with peipetual ftorrns
Of whirlwind and dire hail. Mii'tcx.

With tcmpefts beat, and to the winds a fcorn .

While winds and ftorms his lofty forehead beat,
The common fate of all that '5 high or gn-at.

Denbam,

As when a linn in the midnight hours.
Brat by rude blafts, and wet with wintry fiiow'rs,
Defccnds terrifick from the mountain's brow. Pofe.

10. To tread a path.

Wh;i: I this unexa^rpled talk eflay.
Pais aw.-'ul guUV, and beat my painful way,
C'lefti.il dove ! divine adillance bring. Blaeimere.

1 1 . To make a path by marking it with
tracks.

He that will know the truth of things, muft
lca\c the common and btatea track. Lxke.

12. To conquer ; to fubdue ; to vanquiih.
If Hercules and Lichas play at dice.

Which is the better man ? Tlic greater throw

May turn hy fortune fiom the weaker hand ;

So is Alcides beaten by his page. Shakrfpeare.

Vou fouls of gcefe,
That bear the ftiapes of men, how have you run
From Haves that apes would beat ! Sbakrjpeare.

Five times, Marcius,
1 have fought with thee, fo often haft thou brat
rr.c. Sba<efj>eare.

I have difcern'd the foe fccurely lie.
Too proud to fear a beaten enemy. Dryden,

'i'he common people of Lucca are firmly per-
fuaded, that one Lucquefe can beat five Floren-
tines. _ Mdifcn.

Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, joining his (liips to
thofc of the Syracufans, beat the Carthaginians at
fca. Arbutbrnt,

13. To harafs ; to over-labour.

It is no point of wifdom for a man to beat his
brains, and fpend h]> fpirics, about things im-
poflible. _ _ lUtewill.

And as in prifons mean rogues beat
Hemp, fot the fervice of the great ;
So Whackum beat hi.j dirty brains
T' advance his mailer's fame and gains. HviJibrat,

Why any one Ihould wallc h'S time, e^n^-beat his
head, about the Latin grammar, who does not in-
tend to be a critick. Lucke.

14. To lay, or prefs, as Handing corn by
hard weather.

Her own (haU blefs her;
Her fiws (hake like a fi-.ld nf becten corn,
And^ang their heads witii forrow. Sheikeffyeire.

15. To deprcls ; to crufh by repeated op-
pofition : ufualiy with the particle iic--.vn.

Albeit a pud m was prociaiin.:d, ti.uc!iing any
fpecih tending to treafon, yet could not the bolJ-
Dcfs be Lcdten ,/«in either with that fevMty, or
with this lenity be abjted. ll.ty.uard.

Our warriuurs propag:i;ing the Fi-ench language,
at the fame time they are beating dvwn their pcwer.

yiddij'-r..

Surh an unio^k'd-for ftcrm of ills falls on me,
It heati tliKvn all my ftn-ngth. Addif-.v.

16. To drive by violence : with a particle.
Twice have 1 fally'd, and was twics beat back.

Dryden.

He that proceeds upon other principles in hi^
inijuiry, dot.s at lea S poft himfelf in a party, wliich
he will not qnit till he he ber.ten int. Lickt.

He cannat bru it t;ir of his head, but that it
wj. a canlinal -.v'.vt picked his pocket. /Jddif'in.

Tltc younger part of mankind might be beat ojf'
froa'tlic belief of the maH importaat pointi even

B E A

of natural religion, by the impudent jerts of a
profane wit. fVatti,

17. To move with fluttering agitation..

Thrice have I beat the wing, and rid with night
About the world. Drydtn,

iS. To beat da-iun. To endeavour by treaty
to Icffen the price demanded.

Surveys rich moveables with curious eye,
3eati denvn the price, and threatens ftill to buy.

Dryden.

She perfuaded him to trufl the rcnegadj with

the money he had brought over for their ranfom ;

as not qvieftioning but he would beat dvwn the

terms of it. Addifon*

19. To beat dtnun. To fink or IciTen the

value.

Ufury^M/r diyivr. tlie price nf lanJ ; fnth? em-
ployment of money is chict'.y either merchandizing
or purchafing ; and ufury waylays buth. Bacon.

20. To beat up. To attack fuddenly ; to
alarm. "'

They lay in thatquict polture, vvithoutoiakinj^
the Icall imprefiion up-^n the enemy by beating vp'
his quartern, which might eafily have been done. .

Clarendan.

Will fancies he Ihould never have been the man
he is, had not he knock'd down coniiables,' and
beat up a lewd woman's quarters, when he was a
young fellow. Aidifon.

2 1. To beat the hoof. To walk ; to go on

foot.
To Beat, f. ». ;

1. To move in a pulfatory manner.

I would gladly under.'lind the formation of a
foul, and fee ilbe.n the firft confcious pulfe. Collief.

2. To da(h as a flood or ftorm.

Public envy feemeth to beat chiefly upon nvnif-
ters. Bacr>n.

Your brow, which does no fear of thunder know.
Sees rowling tempefts vainly heat below. Dryien.

One fees many hollow I'paces worn in the l>ot-
toms of the rocks, as they are more or lefs able t#"
refill th.: imprcfiions of the water that beati againflv
them. Addifuit

3. To knock at a door.

The men of the city beTct the houfe round
about, and beat at the door, and fpake to tlic maftcr
of the houfe. ^udgtj.

4. To move with frequent repetitions of
the fame aft or ftroke.

No pulfc ihiW keep
His nat'ral progrefs, but furceafc to beat. Sbak.

My temp'rate pulfe djcs regularly beat y
Feel and be fatisfy'd. Dryden^

A man's heart bcatSt and the blood circulars,
which it is not i.i his power, by any thought or
volition, to ftop. Lucie,

;. To throb ; to be in agitation, as a fore
fwelling.

A turn or two I'll walk.
To Hill my bratiig mind. Sbakefpeare,^

6. To fluftuate j to be in agitation.

Tha tempcft in my mind
Doth from my fenfes take all fccling elfe.
Saving; what beats there, Shakefpeari.

7. To try different ways ; to fearch : with
about,

1 am always beating ah^ut in my tlioughts fi^r
liimctliing that may turn to the beneiit of my dear
countrymen. AMliJcn,

To find an honsft man, I bttit abmt.
And ]qya him, court him, praife him, in or njit.

8. To aft upon with violence.

The fun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he
fainted, and wiihed in himfclf to die. Jonat,

9. To fpeak frequently ; to repeat ; to
enforce by repetition : with upon.

V/e arc drav.'n on into 3 larger fpetth, by reafin

of their fo great carncllncis, who Leat more and

more a/'cn theft lift alleged words. Hacker,

V Mow

B E A

How fitqiKMly tnd fcrrtDtljf doth tlit ft riptiit'
itot ufft this caulc S Ilukrtt'i.'i-

10. To Ifot uf ; as, to beat up for foldiers.
'I'hc word up feenis redundanf, but en-
forces the fcnfe ; the technical term be-
ing, to raife foldiers.

Beat. part, pajpiie. [from the verb.]

Like a rich veliiil ifjf by liorms to fliorc,
'Twere midneft fliould 1 venture out once more.

Drjdin.

Beat. ». / [from the verb.]

1. Stroke.

2. Manner of ftriking.

Albeit the bale and ticHeftrings of a viol be
twnci to an unifon, yet the tormer will ftill make
a bigger luund than the latter, ai making a
broader best upon the air. Grew.

He, with a carelefs htat.
Struck out the mute crca:ion at a he.it. Drydtr..

jv Manner of being Ilruck ; as, the btat

of the pulfe, or a drum.
Be'aten. part. adj. [from To beal.l
What makes you. Sir, fo late abroad

Without a guide, and this no haun road ? Diyd.
Be'ater. n.f. [from beat.']

1. An inftrument with which any thing is
comminuted or mingled.

Beat all your mortar with a heater three or four
times over, before you ufe it j for thereby you in-
corporate die fand and lime well together. Atoxcn.

2. A perfon much given to blows.

The b«ft fchoolmafter of our time was the
greatcft buter. Aj'cbam's Scboolmcifitr.

Beati'pical. \adj. [beatifcus, low Lat.
Beati'fick. ) from beatus, happy.]
That which has the power of making
happy, or completing fruition ; blifsful.
It is afed only of heavenly fruition af-
ter death.
Admiring the riches of heaven's pavement
■ Than aught divine or holy elfe, enjoy'd
In vifion btatlfick. MUlon.

It is alfo their felicity to have no faith ; for en-
joying the beatifical vifion in the fruition of the
objcA of faith, they have received the full eva-
cuation of it. Brotvn'i Vulgar Errcurs.
We may contemplate upon die greatncfs and
flrangenefs of the beetifick vifion ; how a created
eye flionld be fo forti6ed, as to bear all thofe
glories that ftream from the fountain of uncreated
light. Scuih.
BEATi'riCAtLT. ad-v. [from beati_fical.]
In fuch a manner as to complete hap-
pinefs.

Btalifi^allf to bthoM the face of God, in the
fulnefs of wifdom, righteoufncfi, and peace, is
Ueffednefs no way incident unto the creatures
beneath man. Hataui/I.

Beatifica'tion. n./. [From beatifici.]
A term in the Romifh church, diftin-
guiflied from canonization. Beatification
u aa acknowledgment made by the
pope, that the perfon beatified is in
heaven, and therefore may be reve-
renced as blefled ; but is not a concef-
fion of the honours due to faints, which
are conferred by canonization.
To BEA'TIFY. "j. a. [beatifico. Lat.]
I. Tq make happy; to blefs with the
completion of ce'jftial enjoyment.

The ufe of Iplritual conference is unimaginable
and unfpcakabie, efpecially if free and unreft, alli-
ed, bearing an image of that converfation which is
among angels ami beatified faints. Hiimn:ciiJ.

We (hall know him to be the fulled good, the
neareft to us, and the moft certain ; and, confe-
qurntly, the moft beatifyr.g of all others. Brown.

I wiJi 1 hid the wings of an angel, to have

B E A

afcenJed into Paradif<-, and to have beheU the
forms of thofe b<eiifieil(f\tHi, from which I might
have copit'd my archangel. Dryden.

z. To fettle the charafter of any perfon,
by a publick acknowledgment that he
ii received in heaven, though he is not
invelied with the dignity of a faint.

Over againft this church ftunds an hofpital,
ertflcd by a (hocmakcr, who has been btatijiid,
though never fainted. j^ddijait.

Be'ating. n.f. [from beat."] Correftion;
punifhment by blows.

Pliywiight, convift of publick wrongs to men,
Takes private tettirgi, an! brgins again. Bin JcnJ.
Bea'titude n.f. [heat it udo, Lai.]

1. BIcfTednefsj felicity; happinefs: com-
monly ufed of the joys of heaven.

The end of that government, and of all men's
aims, is agreed to be beatitude, that is, his being
completely well. Dig/^y,

This is the image and little repttfcntation of
heaven j it is beatitude in piflure. Taylor.

He fet out the felicity of his heaven, by the
delights of fenfe ; (lightly paffing over the accom-
plilhmcnt of tlic foul, and the beatitude of that part
which earth and vifibilities too weakly aftV-il.

SrowTi^s Vulgar Errcurs.

2. A declaration of bleflednefs made by
our Saviour to particular virtues.

Beau. »./ [beau. Fr. It is founded like
bo, and has often the French plural
beaux, founded as boes.] A man of drefs ;
a man whofe great care is to deck his
perfon.
What will not beaux attempt to pleafe the fair ?

Dryderj,
The water nymphs are too unkind
To Vill'roy ; are the land nymphs fo ?

And fly they all, at once combin'd
^o (hame a general, and a beau f Prior.

You will become the delight of nine ladies in
ten, and the envy of ninety-nine beaux in a hun-
dred. Sw'^i.
Bb'aver. n.f. [bie-vre, French ; fiber.]

1 . An animal, otherwife named the cafior,
amphibious, and remarkable for his art
in building his habitation ; of which
many wontwrful accounts are delivered
by travellers. His fkin is very valuable
on account of the fur.

The heevcr being hunted, biteth oflT his ftones,
knowing that for them only his life is fought.

HakeiviU.

They placed this invention upon the beaver, for
the fagacity and wifdom of that animal ; indeeJ
from its artifice in building. Brown'i V-.lg.Err.

2. A hat of the bell kind, fo called from
being made of the fur of beaver.

You fee a fmart rhetorician turning his hat,
moulding it into diftcicnt cocks, examininj tlic
lining and the button during his harangue ! a deaf
man would think he was cheapening a bra'.'er,
when he is talking of the fate of a nation. Addijin.

The broker here his fpacious beaver wears,
Upon his brow fit jcaloufrs and cares. Gay.

3. The part of a helmet that covers the
face, [bai/iere, Fr.]

His drc.iJf'uI hideous head,
Clofe couched on the braver, feem'd to throw
From flaming mouth bright fparkles fiery red.

Sptnfer.

Big Mars feems bankrupt in their beggar'd hoft.

And faintly through a rurty beaver pecfs. 5i><i*.

He was (lain upon a courfe at tilt, the fplinters

of the ft jft' going in at his biaver. Baan.

Be'avered. adj. [from bea'ver,] Covered*
with a beaver ; wearing a beaver.

His beaver'd brow a birchen garland bears.
Dropping with infants hlo»d, aod mothers tears.
" Pope.

B E A

Beatj'ish. /J4?. [from ieau.] Befitting 3

beau ; foppilh.
Beau'teous. fl<^'. [from beauty.] Fair;

elegant in form ; pleafing to the fight ;

beautiful. This word is chiefly poetical.

I can, Pctruchio, help thee to a w.fe.
With wealth enough, and young, ana teautKui.

ShakeJ^eare*
Alas ! not hoping to fubdue,
1 only to the flight afpir'd ;

To keep th? beavteoin fix in view.
Was all the glory I defi' d. Prior,

Be au'teousuy. adv. [from biauieout,]
In a beauteous manner ; in a m.anner
pleafing to the fight ; beautifully.

Look up3n pleaTures not upin tha fide that is
next the fun, or w!icre they look brauteoujly ; that
is, as they come towards you to be enjoyed. tayUr,

Beaxj'teousness. n.f. [from beauteous.]
The (late or quality of being beauteous ;
beauty.

From lefs virtue, and lefs btauteoufmf!.
The gentiles fiam'd them gods and goddefii;?.

Dome*.
Beau'tiful. adj. [from beauty andyi<//.]
Fair ; having the qualities that conftir
tute beauty.

He ftolc avtay and took by (Irong hand all the
beautiful women in his time. Raleigh,

The moft important part of painting, is to
know what is moft beautiful in nature, and moft
proper for that art ; that which is the moft beauti-
fil, is the moft noble fubjeQ : fo, in poetry, tra.
gedy is more beautiful than comedy, becaufe the
perions are greater whom the poet inftruQs, and
confequently the inftniOions of more benefit to
mankind. Drydeiu

Beautiful looks are rul'd by fickle minds.
And fummer feas are turn"d by fuddcn winds. Prior,

Beau'tifully. adv. [from beauti/uJ.'\
In a beautiful manner.

No longer (hall the boddice, aptly lac'i
From thy full bofom to thy (lender waift,
That air and harmony of (h.'.pe exprefs.
Fine by degrees, and beautifully lefs. Prior.

Beau'ti FULNESS. It./, [from beauti/ul."]
The quality of being beautiful ; beauty j
excellence of form.
To Beau'tif V. T. a. [from beauty.] To
adorn ; to embellifh; to deck ; to grace ;
to add beauty to.

Never was forrow more fweetly fet forth ; their
faces feeming rather to beautify their forrow, than
their forrow to cloud the beauty of their faces.

Haytuord,

Suflaceth not that we are brought to Rome,

To beautify thy triumphs snd return.

Captive to thee and to thy Ruman yoke ? Slak,

Thefe were not created to biautfy the earth

alone, but for the ufe of njan and beaft. Raleigh,

How all confpire to grice
Th' extended earth, and beautify her face.

Blaekmore,

There is charity and juftice ; and the one (crves

to heighten and beautify the i thcr. Aitcrbury.

To Beau'ti FY. ■». n. To grow beautiful j
to advance in beauty.

It murt be a prulpcc^ pleafing to God himfelf,
to fee his creation for ever beautifying in his eyesx
and drawing nearer to him by greater degrees of
refemblance. Addifon,

BEAU'TY. n.f. [ieaute, Fr.]
1. That aflemblage of graces, or propor-
tion of parts, which pleafes the eye.

Beauty cjnfifts of a certain compofition of co-
lour and figure, caufing delight in the beholder.

Locke,

Your beauty was the caufc of that efTeS,
Yotti beauty, chat did haunt me in my lleep.—

If

B E C

B E C

B E C

If I thought that, I telt thee, homicM«,
Thcfe nails fliould rend that beauty from my
checks. Sbakcfpeare,

Beauty is beil in a body that hath rather dignity
cf prefence than beauty of afpeft. The beautiful
prove accomplinicd, but not of great fpirit, and
ftudy for the moft part rather behaviour than
virtue* Baecv,

The bed part o( ieatty is that which a pi^ure
cannot exprefs. Bacon*

Of the beauty of the eye I (hall fay little, leaving
that li poe^ and orators : that it is a very pleafunt
Mul lovely objeft to bc'hold, if we confider the
figure, colours, fplcndour of it, is the Icaft I can
fay. R.!y.

He vicw'd their twining branches with delight,
And praisM the beauty of the plcafing fight. Pofe.

2. A particular grace, feature, or orna-
ment.

The ancient pieces are beautiful, becaufc they
tefemble the beauties of nature ; and nature will
ever be beautiful, which refembles thofe itauiin of
anti<iuity. Dry den.

Wherever you place a patch, you dcdroy a
beauty, ^Jeiifon,

J. Any thing more eminently excellent
than the reft of that with which it is
united.

This gave me an occjfion of looking backward
on fome beauties of my author in his former books.

Dry Jen.

With incredible pains have I endeavoured to
copy the feveral beauties of ttie ancient and m.idcrn
billoiians Arbuibr.u.

4. A beautiful perfon.

Remember that Pelican conquerour,
A youth, how all the beauties of the eaft
He (lightly view'd, and (lightly overpafs'd. Mihcn.

What can thy ends, malicious beauty, be ?
Can he, who kill'd thy brother, live for thee ?

Dry den.

To Beau'tv. tj. a. [from the noun.] To
adorn ; to beautify ; to embcllilh : not
in ufe.

The harlot's cheek, ^AHiririf with plad'ting art.
Is not more ugly to the thing that helps it.
Than is my deed to your moft painted word. Sbak.

BiiAn'TY-spoT. n. /. [from beauty and
/fot.'\ A fpot placed to direft the eye
to fomething elfe, or to heighten fome
beauty ; a foil ; a patch.

The tilthinefs of fwine makes them the beauty-

fpot of the animal creation. Gre^'.

Becafi'co. »./. {becafigo. Span.] A bird

like a nightingale, feeding on figs and

grapes ; a fig-pecker. Pineda.

The robin-redbrea(J, till of late, had re(t.
And children facrcd held a martin's neft ;
Till beeaficcs fold fo dev'lilh dear,
To one that was, or would have been, a'p«er. Pope.

TaBeca'lm. -v. a. [from «/«.]
t . To ftill the elements.

The moon Ihjne clear on the becalmed flood.

Dryden,

2. To keep a (hip from motion.

A man becalmed at fca, out of fight of land, in
a fair day, may look on the fun, or fca, or (hip,
a whole hour, and perceive no motion. Locie,

3. To quiet the mind.

Soft whifp'ring air", and the lark's mattin fong,
Then woo to mul'^g, and bccalni the mind
Ferplcx'd with irklome thoughts. PbiUj>s.

Baniih his f^inows, and becalm his foul
With eafy dreams. Addijlr..

Perhaps proJpcrity beealm*d his breal^ j
Perhapc the wind jud Ihifted from the cart. Pcf!.

4. To becalm and 10 calm differ in this,
that to calm is to llop motion, and to be-
calm is to with-hold from motion,

Rec a'mi. The preterite oi betome; which
fee.

Beca'use. nnjunSl. [from /5y and cattfe.'\

1 . For this reafon that ; on this account
that ; for this caufe that. It makes the
firft part of an illative propofition, ei-
ther exprefsly or by implication, and is
anfwered by therefore ; as, / fed be-
caufe / ivai afraid \ which is the fame
with, becauje I was afraid, therefore I
fled.

H.iw great foevcr tlie (ins of any perfon are,
Chiift died for him, brcauje he died for all j and he
died for thofe (ins, becauje he died for all (ins:
only he muft reform. Uav.mcnd.

Men do not lb generally agree in the fenfe 'Af
thefe as of the other, becauje the interefts, nnd
lufts, and paflions of men are more concerned in
the one than the other. Tilhtlhn.

2. It has, in fome fort, the force of a pre-
pofition ; but, becaufe it is compounded
of a noun, has y after it.

Infancy demands aliment, fuch as lengthens
fibres without breaking, becauje of the ftate of ac-
cretion. Arbutbr.ot,
To Becha'nce. 'u. n. [from be and
chance.'\ To befal ; to happen to : a
word proper, but now in little ufe.
My fons, God knows what has bechanced them.

Sha^ejpeare-
All happinefs bechance to thee at Milan. Skak.

Be'c HICKS, n. f. [^iixixu, of |Sr|, a
cough.] Medicines proper for relieving
coughs. Did.

To BECK. -v. n. [beacn. Sax, bee, Fr.
head.] To make a fign with the head.

To BrcK. 'V. a. To call or guide, as by
a motion of the head.

Bell, book, and candle, (hall not drive me back,
When gold and filver bed me to come on. Shah.

Oh this falfe foul of Egypt, this gay charm,
Whofe eye beck'd forth my wars, and call'd them
home* Shakefp, Antony and Cleopatra.

Beck, n.f, [from the verb.]

1. A fign with the head ; a nod.

Haltc thee, nymph, and bring with thee
Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles.
Nods, and beds, and wreathed fmiles* Art/ten,

2. A nod of command.

Neither the lufty kind (hewed any roughnefs,
nor the eafier any idlenefs; but ftill like a well-
obeyed madcr, whofe ieei is enough for difci-
pline. Sidney.

Then forthwith to him takes a chofen band
Of fpirits, likeft to bimfelf in guile.
To be at hand, and at his beck appear. Milton,

The menial fair, that round her wait,
At Helen's beck prepare the room of ftate. Pepe.

To Be'ckon. V, n. To make a fign with-
out words.

Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would
have made his defence unto the people.

ABs, xix. 33.
When he had raifed my thoughts by thoic
tranfporting airs, he beckoned to mc, and, by the
waving of his hand, dire^ed me to approach.

Addijim.
Sudden you mount, you beckon from the (kics ;
Clouds interpofc, waves roar, and winds arifc !

Pope.

To Be'ckon. <i/. a. [from beck, or beacn.
Sax. a fign.] To make a fign to.

With her two crooked hands (he figns did mak«,
And beckind him. Tairy St^ten,

It beckons you to go away with it,
A! if it fome impartmcnt did dcfire
To you atone. Shakejpeare,

With this his dil{.int friends he beckons ncjr,
Provokes their duty, and prevents their fear. Dryd,

To Becli'p. ev. a. [of be clyppan^ Sax.]
To embrace, Di3,

To Bbco'me. v,n, pret. I became ', comp.
pret. I have become, [from by and ceme.\

1 . To enter into fome ftate or condition,
by a change from fome other.

The Lord Cod breathed into his noftrils tht
breath of Ufe, and man became a living foul.

Gcnefis, ii. 7.

And unto the JewsIiccmKi a Jew, that 1 might
gain the Jews. i Corin, ix. 20.

A (mailer pear, grafted upon a (lock that bear-
eth a greater pear, will become great. Bacon,

My voice thou oft hail heard, and haft notfear'd.
But ftill rejoic'd ; how is it now become
So dreadful to thee ? Miliin.

So the lead faults, if mix'd with fairtft deed.
Of future ill become the fatal feed. Prior,

2. To become of. To be the fate of; to be
the end of; to be the fubfequent or final
condition of. It is obfervable, that this
word is never, or very feldom, ufed
but with ixihat, either indefinite or in-
terrogative.

IVhat is then become of (0 huge a multitude, as
would have overfpread a great part of the con-
tinent. Raleigi.

I'erplex'd with thoughts, lohat would become
0/"mc, and ail mankind. Milton.

The firft hints of the circulation of the blood
were taken from a common perfon's wondering
ti'hat became cf ail the blood that ifl'ued out of the
heart. Graunt.

fVhat will become of me then ? for, when he it
free, he will infallibly accufe me. Dryden,

li'hat became of this thoughtful bufy creature,
when removed from this world, has amazed the
vulgar, and puzzled the wife. Rogers,

3. In the following paflage, the phrafe,
inhere is he become? is ufed for, <ii.'hat it
become of him?

I cannot joy, until I be refolv'd
Where our right »aliant father is becemt. Shakeffm

To Beco'me. v. a. [from ^^ or by, and

cpemen. Sax. topleafe.]
I. Applied to perfons, to appear in a

manner Suitable to fomething.
If I become not a cart as well as another man,

a plague on my bringing up. Sbakeffeare,

Why would I be a queen ? becaufc my face

Would wear the title with a better grace ;

If I became it not, yet it would be

Part of your duty then to flatter me. Drydem.

z. Applied to things, to be fuitable tio the
perfon ; to befit ; to be congruous to the
appearance, or charader, or circum-
ftances, in fuch a manner a» to add
grace ; to be graceful.

She to hij- fire made humble reverence,
And bowed low, that her right well bet -'me,
And added grace unto her excellence. Fairy S^in,
I would 1 had fomcHowers 0' tb' fpring that
might
Beetme your time of day; mi ysur*t, >nil yosr's.
That wear upon your rirgin kianches yet
Your maidenheads growing. ihahe/peare.

Yet be fad, good brothers ;
For, to (peak truth, it vciy well btccmts you. Sbat,

Your dj(honour
Mangle? ttuc judgment, and bereaves the ftate
Of that integrity which (hould btcmth. Shakefp.
Wicherly was of my Opinion, or rather 1 of his;
for it ttcimts me fu tu fp:ak of fo excellent a poot.

Dryden,

He utterly xcjefled the'ir fables concerning their

gods, as not ■becuming g«rd men, much lels thofe

wliich were wor(hlpped for gods. StUJtngfert,

Beco'mikg, fatticifi, eefj, [fironi bcfofpe.']
That which pleafes by an elegant pro-
priety ; graceful. It is fometlmes ufed
with the partkif le ^j but gencmlly
Y 2 with^

B E D

without any government of the follow-
ing words.

Of thee, kind boy, I alk no red uid white
To make up my delight,
No odd hecomw» graces.
Black eyes, or lituc kiiow not what, in fices.

Suckling-

Their difcoiirres are fuch « belong to their

age, thcit calling, and their breeding; Tuch as

are bianJug of them, and ^f them only. Drjdtn,

.Yet fcine iccmimr boldnrfs I may ulc }
I've vitll dclcrvM, nor will he row rclufc. Drydtn.
Make their pupils repeat the aftion, that they
ma*' correS what is conftriincd in it, till it be
. pcrtedled into an habitual aud btdmiing tafinefs.

Beco'minc. K.f. {(toM hecame.'] Orna-
ment. A word not now in ufe.

iir, Icr^ivc me.
Since my iucm'wgi kill me when they not
Eye well to you. Shakf/ftan,

Beco'mincly. a</i'. [from becoming.'] Af-
ter a becoming or proper manner.

B E co'm I N G N E ss. Tt. /. [from becomiHg.
See To Become.] "Decency; elegant
congruity ; propriety.

Nor is the majelty of the divine government
greater in its extent, than the htcjimr.gmji thereof
is in its manner and form. CrcKo.

BED. n.f. [bib. Sax]

1 . Something made to ileep on.

Lying not crefl, but hollow, which is in the

malting of the btd:, or with the legs gathered up,

which is in the pollutv of the body, is tlie more

wholefome. Bacin.

Rigour now is gone to hcd,

And Advice with fcrupulous head. Mthon.

Thofc huufes then were caves, or homely ftieds,

With twining oziers fcnc'd, and mofs their beds.

DryJm.

2. Lodging ; the convenience of a place
to fleep in.

On my knees I beg,
That you'll vouchiafc me raiment, bed, and food.

Sbakff^tiiri.

3. Marriage.

George, the elJeft fon of this fecond brd, was,
after the death of his father, by the fingular
care and afiedlion of his mother, well brought
up. CUrcodatJ'

4. Bank of earth raifed in a garden.

Herbs will be tenderer and fairer, if you take
thcra out of beds, when they are newly come up,
•nl remove them into pots, with better earth.

'' Beam.

5 . The channel of a river, or any hollow.

So high as heavM the tumid hills, fo low
Down funk a hollow bottom, broad, and deep.
Capacious b<d of waters. hfihcn.

I'he great magazine for all kinds of treafure
is fuppofed to be the bed of the Tiber. We may
be fare, when the Romans lay under the apprc-
henfions of feeing the*r city facked by a barbarnu?^
enemy, that they would cake care to bellow fuch
of their richca that way, as could bed bear the
water. Ad4:jon.

6. The place where any thing is generated,
. or rcpoftted.

See hoary Albula't infefted tide
O'er the warm h<d of fmoaking fulphur glide.

-/tddlfon.

J, .\ layer ; a ftratum ; a body fprcad
over another.

-• 1 fee no rcafon, but the furface of the lanJ
/hould be at regular ai that of the water, in the
firfl produAion of it; and the ftcata, or bedi with-
h», lie as even. Burner,

8. To bring to Bed. To deliver of a child.
It is often ufed with the panicle of; as,
i>4 was brought so bed of a daiigkur.

BED

Ten months wfter Florimcl happen*)] fo wed.
And WiTibronglr in a laudable manner fo/'i</. yiitr.

9. To mah thi Bed. To put the bed in
order after it has been uied.

I keep his houfe, and I wa/li, wring, brew,
bake, feour,drefs meat, and mait ibt beds, and do
all myfelf. Sbairffrare,

Bed c/ a Mortar, [with gunners.] A
folid piece of oak, hollowed in the mid-
dle, to receive the breech and half the
tiunnions. DiS.

Bed e/ a grsat Gun. That thick plank
which lies immediately under the piece,
being, as it were, the body of the car-
riage. D;V7.

To Bed. <v. a, [from the noun.]

1. To go to bed with.

They have married mc :
I'll to the Tiifcan wars, and never bed her. Slat.

2. To place in bed.

She was publickly contrafled, dated as a bride,
and folemnly bedded ; and, after ihe was laid,
Maximilian's ambafTador put his leg, ftript naked
tn tile knee, between the pfpoufal rtiects. Baccn.

3. To make partaker of the bed.

There was a doubt ripped up, whether Arthur
was bidded with liis lady. Bsar..

4. To fow, or plant in earth.

Lay the turf with the grafs fids downward, upon
which lay fome of your beft mould to /'crf your quick
in, and lay your quick upon it. M'-rurr.cr.

5. To lay in a place of reft, or fecarity.

Let coarfe bold hands, from (limy neft.
The bedded fi(h in banks outwreft. Dmia.

A fnake bedded himfelf under the threfliold of
a country-hcufe. L''EJirange.

6. To lay in order ; to ftratify.

And as the flesping foldicrs in th' alarm.
Your bedded hairs, like life in excrements,
Start up, and ftand on end. Stakfjfeare.

To Bed. 11. n. To cohabit.

If he be married, and h<d with his wife, and
afterwards reiapfe, he may pollibly fancy that Ihe
infcfted him. JVtf^man.

To Beda'bble. f. a. [from /iabble.] To
• wet; to befprlnkle. It is generally ap-
plied to perfons, in a fenfe including in-
convenience.

Never fo wear)', never fo in wne,
Bedi^bbled with the dew, an! torn with briars,
1 can no further crawl, no further go. Shakiffteare,
To Beda'ggle, <f. a. [from lie^ggk.] To
bemire ; to foil clothes, by letting them
raach the dirt in walking.
To Beda'sh. f. a. [from e/tT/h.] To be-
mire by throwing dirt ; tobcfpatter; to.
wet with throwing water.

When thy warlike father, like a child.
Told the fad ftory of my father's death.
That all the ftanders-by had wet their cheeks.
Like trees bedajr/d with rain. Shakefueare.

TcBeda'wb. -v.a. [fTOmdeznvi.l Todawb
over ; to befmear; to foil, with fpread-
ing any vifcous body over it.

A piteous corfe, a bloody piteous corfe.
Pale, pale as alhcc, all bedatob^d in blood.
All in gore blood. Shaieffenre.

7*0 B E d a'z z L E . <i/. a. [ from daxxJe. ] To
make the fight dim by too much luilre.

My miftaken eyes.
That have been fo litdtixxltd by the fun,
That every thing 1 look on fcemf'th green. Rhak.
B E*D CHAMBER. »./. [from bed and cham-
ber.] The chamber appropriated to reft.

They were brought to rfie king, abiding them

in his bedehamher, Hetynvard.

He was now ooe of the hldcbarnbtr to the prince.

('iSrcr.din.

BED

Be'dciothes. n.f. [hom bed axii clothes.
It has no Jingular.] Coverlets fprcad-
over a bed.

For ha will be fwine drunk, and in his flecp he
dues little harm, fave to his bedclahts about liim.

Shttkffpiate,

Bb'dder. )«./ [(rom bed.] The ne«
Bede'tter. 5 ther-rtone of an oil-miil.
Be'dding. n.f. l^itom bed.] T.he mate-
rials of a bed; a. bed.

There be no inns where meet Teddinr may bi
had ; fo that his mantle fctves him then tor a bed.

Sfiafa:

FIrft, with alTiiu'^us care from winter keep.
Well fother'd in thu flails, tliy tender flieep ;
Then fpread with ftraw the beddinf of ihy <iild„
With fern beneath, to ftnti the bitter cold. Dijd^

Arcitc return'd, and, as in honour tied.
His foe wi:h btddhgind with food fupply'd. Dryd,

7e Bede'ck. <v. a. [from deck.] To deck •,
to adorn ; to grace.

Thou (ham'll thy (hapc, thy love, thy wit.
And ufeft none ii: that tnie ufe indeed.
Which Ihould Lateci thy ftapc, tby: love, thy «•!»».

Sb'akejft are*
Firtialc it feems,
That fo beitck'd, ornate, and gjy.
Comes this way. Millmi^

With ornamental drops bedeck' d I flood.
And writ my vidlory with my enemy's blood. Norrls^

Now Ceres, in her prime.
Smiles fertile, and with ruddied freight bedecks.

PkWf!.

Be'dehouse. ft. /. [from bebe. Sax., a
prayer, and beu/e.] An hofpital or alms-
houfe, where the poor people prayed for
their founders and benefadors.

Bedl'tter. See Beoder.

To Bede'w. 17. a. [from i/ezu.] To mois-
ten gently, as with the fall of dew.

£cdiw her ps.lure's giafs wiili En^i!h btoott.

Shatejftare*-

Let all the tears, that (hould bedem my lieifc.
Be drops of balm to fantfl'fy thy head. ShaBefp*.

The countcf.. received a letter from h'm, where-
unto all the while (he was writing her anfwcr, flic
bcdiived the paper v^ith her teai*s. JVcttin.

What fiendcr youtli, Ledcw^dviUh liquid odours^.
Courts tliBC on rofc , in .'bme j leafant cavjL.' Afi/r.

Balm, from afitver box diflill'd around.
Shall all bedetu the roots, and fcent the facrcii
ground. Dryden,

He ihid : aud falling teats his face tedevc, DryeL

Be'd FELLOW, n.f. [from bed ^nAfeUovj.']
One that lies in the fame bed.

He loves your people.
But tie him not to be their bedftllovi. Stake/f^

Mifery acquaints a man withftrange bcdfti/cirs,.

Sbtiktjffarc*

Why doth the crown lie there upon his pillow;
Being ftr troublcfomc a bedfelUtv f Sbake/peare*

A man wauld as foon choofe him for his bed'
fclhm a> his play fellow. L'EJiran^e.

What charming bedf^l!vioi,^Tii companions for
life, men cho<^fe out of fuch women ! yfddt/cjf.

To Bedi'ght. t/. <r. [from dighi.] To.
adorn ; to drefs ; to fet off : an old
word, now only ufed in humorous wri>
ings.

A maiden fme heiliglt he Jiapt to love j
The maiden fine btdight his love letairs.
And for the village he ftfakes the plains. C7.rj.
To Be di'm. 1'. a. [{rom dim.] To make
dim ; to obfcure ; to cloud ; to darken.

I have bedlmm'd
The norntidc fun, cali'd forth the mutinous windt,
And 'twixt the green lea and the azure vault
Set roaring war. Shakej'fvare.

To Bedi'zen. o". a. [from dizia.] To
drefs out : a low word.

BE'DLAM.

BED

BE'DLAM. n.f. [corrupted from Betlh-
Lcm, ths name of a religious houfe in
London, converted afcenvards into an
hofpital for the mad and Juiiacick.]

1. A niadhoufe ; a place appointed for
the cure of lunaci.

2. A madman ; a lunatick, and inhabitant
of Bedlam.

L?t 's follow the o!d car!, and get the hedlnvi
To Jead him wheje he w-juld j his roguifli madnefs
Al'tiwi itfelf to anything. Sbakejj>tare.

Be'dlam. fl«)' [frora the noun.] Belong-
ing to a madhoufe ; fit for a madhoufe.

The count.)* gives mc procf and precedent
Of heJhm beggar?, who w':h rearing voices
Strike in their numb'd and mortif^'M bir« arms
Pins, wooden pricks. Shjh.f^cr-.

B£'i>L AMITE, n. f. [from bedlam.^ An
inhabitant of Bedlam ; a madman.

If wild ambition in thy bofoni reign,
Aias ! thou bo»fl'ft thy f jbcr fcnfe in vain ;
In thefe poor bidlam'iUs thyfelf lurvcy,
Thyfelf leH innoccnrly mnd tiian they. Fjm:^rralH<
Be'd'Jaker. ». /. [ftom hd zn^ n:ake.'\
A perfcn in the univerfiues, wliofc office
it is to make the beds, and clean the
chambers.

I was deeply in love with my ttjauker, upon

which I was rufiicatcd for ever. Spt.Q/Jtcr,

Be'dmate. »./. [from ^c.y and .wa/f.] A

bedfeilow ; one that partakes of the

fame bed.

r.iJ I To good occaGon to lie long
A ' ■■. prince Pa:i», noui^hl but heavenly bufinefs
S''.'..-!u rub my bcdmats Qi my comt^apy. Shairfp,

Be'dmouldinc. ?»•./• [from/c(/

Bt'DDIKG MOULDING. 5 and «!>.■(/(/.] A

term ufed by workmen, to fignify tliofe
members in the cornice, which are plac-
ed below the coronet. Builder's DiJi.
Ee'di-ost. n.f. [frora ted znA poft.'\ 'the
poll at the corner of the bed, which
fupports the canopy

1 came the nejt day prepared, and placed her in

a clear ii^Hi, her head leaning ti a /W/'>^, ai:other

ftanding behind, holding it llca-iy. Jf^f.-ran'i .'^ujg.

Be'dpresser. n.f. [from ied and/nyi.]

A heavy lazy fellow.

This finjuinecowjrd, this ie/J^ir^^r, thii horfc-
back breaker, this huge hill of ftelh. Sbairjfiare.

To B E D R a'c o L E . -v. a. [ from i^t' and drag-
gle,^ To foil the clothes, by fitffering
them, in walking, to reach the dirt.

Poor Patty CK-unr, nn more be iczn
Beiiraggled in my walks fo green. Suift.

y'c BEBRE'NCH.i'.ff, [frora he a.n^ drench. '\
To drench ; to foak j to faturate with
moiilure, t

Par olV from the mloJ of Bolir.jfr' ke
It i:,.fucli crimf'jn temped inouM tsdier.sh
lti« frcih green lap of fair king Richard's land.

Sbakffpeare.

Be'drid. flr^'. [from ^ir</ and nVir.] Con-
fined to the bed by age or ficknefs.

Kor\vay, uncle of young i'ortiubrji,
▼-'ho, impotent ar.d i/alrid, fc.ucely hears
O: this hit nephew's purpofe. ihakifycarr.

Via he not bcJriJt an;!, 3i;ain, d es iwi.iinji.
But what be did being chiidilii > Sbuhjfta.e,

K:^w, as a myriad

-■■ o I , - . ■' .i:ipS. DoKlte,

Hanging •)id ir.rn, w:.o were i;rfr;</,bccaufe tliry
would noloifcoverwherc their money v«i5. Ctartti'u

Infirm r^rf>n«, when they come to be fo * -ak
M to be fixed to their beds, hold out many years ;
force have lain ieiri<< twenty •. cars, f.m.

8.

BEE

Be'i>R!Te. fi.f. [from Wand n/if.] The
privilege of the marriage bed.

VVhcfe vrv.s are, tii3C no ieclr]U ^liail fcepa'd
Till Hymen's torch b"^ lig'.ired. Shakejpsare.

ToBedro'p. nj.a. [from be unddrcp.] To
be][prinkle j to mark with fpots or drops ;
to fpeckle.

Nut fo thick fwarm'd once the foil
Btdroji'd with binod of Gorgon. Milieu.

Our plenteous llreams a varicus race fupply :
The Jilvcr eel, in Alining \olumes roll'd j
The yeilow carp, in fcales i.:.';',y>'<: with gold. Pipe.

B e'd 3 T A F F. It./, [bed zndjfjff'. ] A wooden
pin ftuck anciently on the fides of the
bedftead, to hold the clothes from flip-
ping on'eithsr fide,
liultefi, accommodate us with a hedJJuJT.

Btfi "j'jrtJ'.rCi Eviry i?/-/7 in hh Humcur.

Be'dstead. It. /. [fro-m bed d.r\6 J}ead.'\
The frame on which the bed is placed,

Chimnies with fcorn rcjefling fmoke ;
Stools, tables, chairs, and hci'Jiiads broke. Swift.

Be'dstraw. n.f. [from bed'a.ndjiraiu.'\
The draw laid under a bed to make it
foft.

Fleas breed principally of ftraw or mars, where
there hath been a little moiilure ; or the chamber
ot hedjlrflio kept clofe, and not air;:d. llaan.

Bedswe'rver. n. f [from bed and
Jhverve.] One that is falfe to the bed ;
one that ranges or fwcrves from one bed
to another.

She 's a ieJfwervery even as bad as thofe
That vulgar! give the boldeil titles to. Skiik,f(cjyt.

Be'dtime. »-/; [from ^^i< and //«(•.] The
hoarofrell; fleeping-time.

Whit mufKf, what dances ihall we have.
To wejr away this long age of three hour:>,
Bet«n:en our afttr-fupper and btJiimef ■Shatifp
A ftcr evening repails, tili bedtime, their thoughts
will be beft taken up in the eafy grounda of reli-
gion. l\ii!tcn.

The fc-yuring drunkard, if he does not fight
B'foK his bs'.iimc, takes no reft tiiac night. Dryd.

To Bedu'ng. a>. a. [from be and dung.']
To cover, cr manure with dung.

To Bedu'st. -v. a. [from be and aW/?.]
To fpiinkle with duft.

Bb'dward. adv. [from bed and luard.'l
Toward bed.

In heart
As iriv'rry as when our nuptial day v.is done,
And tapers burnt to iedtvard. Sltifejpeare.

To Eedwa'rf. v. a. [from ^*and dnvarf.'\
To make little ; to hinder in growth ;
to ft ant.

*T:s /hrinking, not clofr weaving, that Iiath thus

In mind and body both bid-.vjrfrd us. Dime.

Br/nwoRK. n.f. [from bed and tvori.]

Work done in bed ; work performed

without toil of the hands.

'X be Dill and mental parts,
Thi^ da contrive how many handi (hall ftrlke,
VViiei fiiLiefs call them on, and know, by meafure
O:" their obfervaiiC toll, the enemy's wtight :
Why this hath not a finger's dignity.
They call this bcdtoork, rr.s-sp'ry, dofctwar. Siak.

BEE. n.f. [beo, Saxon.]

I. The animal that makes honey, remark-
able for its induHry and art.

So work the hcncy ire<;t.
Creatures that» by a ruling nature, teach
The art ct'^order to a peopled kingdom. Sbakejp.

From the Moor'rtj camp

There has been heard a diAant humming nolfe,

tijce^eei diflurf)'t;, andarmiiigin theirhivcs. Dryd.

, 'A company of poor infedts, whereof f>r>ie ure

■ ten, delighted witli Bowers, and their fwectncfs';

! others beetles', delighted witt> other Tiimds, Lveke,

BEE

2. An induftriousandcarehilperfon, Thw
fignification is only ufed in familar lan-
guage.

BiiK-EATE It. n.f. [from ^^i? and fai.] A
bird that feeds upon bees.

Bee-flower. n.f. [from ^f^ and ^iiw^-.]
A fpecies of fool-ftones. Miller.

Bee-garden, n.f. [from i^^^and^ara'TO.]
A place to fet hives cf bees in,

A convenient and necetlary plaee ought to be
made choice of for your apiary, or bie-gardejt.

Mortimer,

Bee-kive. n.f. [from bee a.ndhi've.] The
cafe, or box, in which bees are kept.

Bee-master, n.f. [from bee Siud merjler.]
One that keeps bees.

They that a.e bei-tt.ejias, and have not car£
enough of them, muft not expca to reap any con-
fiderabie advantage by them. Mortimer,

BEECH. «. /" [bece, cr boc, Sa.xoa ;

There is but one fpecies of this tree at prefent
known, except two varieties, with ftriped leaves.
It will grow to a confiderable ftarure, though the
foil be floney and barren ; as alfo, up m the de-
clivities of mountains. The fhade of this tree ii
very injurious to plants, but is believed to be very
falubrious to hunxan bodies. The timber is of
great ufc to turners and joiners. The mall is very
good to fatten fwine and deer. Miller,

Black was the forcft, ti'.ick with bceb it ftood.

Drydcn.

Nor is that, fprightly wiFdnefs in their notes.
Which, clear and vigorous, warbks frora the beich.

TLcmfon.

Be'echen. etdj. [biiceni;, Saxr.] Confifr-
ing of the wood of the beech ; belong-
ing to the beedv.

With diligence he'll ferve us when we dine,
And in plain bttcbcn veffels fill our wine. Drydcn,

BEEF, n.f [birttf, French.]

1. The flefli cf black cattle prepared lor
food.

What fay ycu to- a piece of bef and muftard ?

Shakefpejre.

The fat of roafted beef falling on birds, will

bade them. Siv'ft,

2. An OX, bull, cr cow, confidered as fit
for footl. In this fenfe it has the plural
beeves ; the fingular is feldonx found.

A pound of man's flefli
Is not io eftlpiable or profitable.
As flifli of niuttons, i^M'cj, orgoats. Sbakcfpeare,.

Alcinous flew twelve fliecp, eight white-tooth'd
Avine,
Two crook-haunch'd Ineves, Cbapmati,

There was net any captain, but had credit for
more viCluals than we fpent there j and yet they
had of me fifty becvtt among them. Sir Walt. K.il,

On hides of becvis^ Vefore the palace gate.
Sad fpoiU of luxury 1 the ftiiturs fate. Pope.

Beef, adj. [from the fubflantive.] Con-
fiding of the flefli of black cattle.

If you a-e employed in marketing, db not accept
of a treat of a />r^"fteak, and a pot of ale, from
the butcher. Sivift,

Beef-eater, n. f [from beef ■\r\d. eat,
becaiife the commons is beef when on
waiting. Mr. Steevens derives it thus':
Bef -eater may come frora bcaufeticr, one- '
who attends at the fuleboard, which was
anciently placed in a beaufct. The bu-
fincfs of the be f -caters was, and perhaps,
is ftill, to attend the king at meals.]
A yeoman of the guard.

Beef-v/ittei). a.lj. [from A-.?/" and if;'/ . ]
Dull ; llupid ; heavy-headed.
Jiief willed ;urd» SL:/kefptare.

BEE

Bb'kmoi.. •./ This word I h»ve found
only in the example, and knov*' nothing
of the etymology, unlcf:. it be a corrup-
tion of iy moduli, from iy and modulus,
a note ; that is, a note out of the regu-
lar order.

There be lntcr»enient in the rife of eight, in
toaes, two ieemis, or half notes ; Co as, i! you di-
vide the tones r(jually, .he eight is but fcven whole
and equal notes. Biicon,

IrKK. [beon, Saxon.] The fartlcl/iU fre.
teriteofTe Be.

Enough that virtue fill'd the fpice between,
Prov*d by the ends of being to have irrts. Ps/^f,

Beer. >i. /. [iir, Welfli.] Liquor made
of malt and hops. It is diftiiiguifticd
from ale, either by being older or fmall-
er.

Here 's a pot of good double iter, neighbour ;
'drink. Shakcj'ftare.

Try clarifying with almond* in new ken; Baccn.
Flow, Wiilfted ! flow, like thine infpiter, hcer ;
Tho' ftale, not ripe ; tlio' thin, yet never clear ;
So fwcetly mawkifli, and fo fmoothly dull ;
. Heady, not ftrong ; and foaming, tho' not full.

Pope.

Be'estincs. See Biestings,
Beet. «. /. [beta, Lat.] The name of a
plant.

The fpecies are, i. The common white bett.
a. The common green beet. 3. The common
xed beet. 4. The turnip-rooted red beet. 5. The
great red beet. 6. The yellow beet. y. The Swifs
or Chard beet. Miller.

BE'ETLE. »./. [byrel, Saxon.]

1 . An infeft diftinguifhed by having hard
cafes or iheaths, under which he folds
his wings.

They are as fliards, and he their beetle. Shakeff.
The poor beci/e, that we tread upon.
In corporal fuflf'rance finds a pang as great.
As when a giant dies. Sbakeffeare.

Others come ftiarp of fight, and too provident
for that which concerned their own intcreft; but
as blind as beetles in forcfceing this great and com-
mon danger. Kntlles's Hiflory ofthe Turku

A grot there was with hoary mofs o'ergrown,
The dafping ivies up the ruins creep,
And there the bat and drowfy beetle deep. Garth.

The butterflies and beetles arc fuch numerous
tribes, that 1 believe, in our own native country
alone, the fpecies of each kind may amount to on?
hundred and fifty, or more. Ray.

2. A heavy mallet, or wooden hammer,
with which wedges are driven, and
pavements rammed.

if 1 do, fillip mc with a three man beetle. Shak.

"When, by tlie help of wedges and btetles, an
image is cleft out of the trunk of feme well-grown
tree ; yet, after all tltc (kill of artificers to fet forth
fuch a divine block, it cannot one moment fecure
Ufelf from being eaten by worms, or defiled by
birds, or cut in pieces by axes. StiUingfieet.

To Be'etle, "v. n. [from the noun.] To
jut out ; to hang over.

What if it tempt you tow'rd the (iood, my lord ?
Or to the dreadful fummit of the clifi",
That beala o'er his bafe into the fea. Sbakiffeare.

Or. where th: hawk
High in the bntUng cliff his airy builds. Thmfm.
Beetlebro'wed. adj. [from beetle and
^ro-w.] Having prominent brows.

Enquire for the iwr/e-Z/roiuV critic, £fir. Swift.

"Beetlehe'aded. adj. [from beetle and
head. ] Loggerheaded ; wooden headed j
having a head ftupid, like the head of
a wooden beetle.
A wharcfon, beitltttadtd, flap-ear'd knave.

Sbakeffeare.

B E F

Be'etlsstock. «. /. [from iett le znd

^ock.] The handle of a beetle.

Be'etrave. 1 , . .,„,
_ , > n.f. A plant.

Be etradish. j

Beeves, w./. [The plural of beef.] Black

cattle ; oxen.

One way, a band feleft from forage drives
A herd of beevei, fair oxen, and fair kinc.
From a fat meadow ground. Miltan.

Others make good the paucity of their breed
with the length and duration of their days j where-
of there want not examples in animals uniparous,
firft, in bifulcous or cloven-lioofed, as camels j
and teems, whereof there is above a million an-
nually flain in England. Bntvn's Viitgiir Errcun.

Beeves, at his touch, at once to jelly turn,
And the huge boar is Ihrunk into an urn. Pofe.
7*0 Befa'll. t;. n. [from/all. It be/ell, it

bat/) befallen.']
u To happen to : ufed generally of ill.

Let me know
The word that may befall me in this cafe. Shak,

Other doubt poirellcs me, left harm
Befall thee, fcver'd from roc. Milton.

This venerable perfon, who probably heard our
Saviour's prophecy of the dcftruflion of Jerufa-
lem, drew his congregation out of thcle unparal-
leled calamities, which befell his countrymen.

Mdifin.

This difgrace has befallen them, not becaufe
they deferved it, but becaufe the people love new
faces. Addifm.

2. To happen to, as good or neutral.

Bion alked an envious man, that was very fad,
what harm had befallen unto him, or what good
had befallen unto another man ? Baeon.

No man can certainly concludt God's love or
hatred to any pcrfon, from what befalls him in
this world. Tilhtfan.

3. To happen ; to come to pafs.

But fincc th' affairs of men are ftill uncertain.
Let's reafon with the worft that may befall. Shak.

I have reveal'd
This difcord which befell, and was in heav'n
A mong th' angelick pow'rs. Milton.

4. It is ufed fometimes with to before the
perfon to whom any thing happens : this
is rare.

Some great mifchicf hath befallen
To that meek man. FaraJife Loft.

5. To befall of. To become of; to be the
ftate or condition of: a phrafe little ufed.

Do me the favour to dilate at full
What hath befall'n s/them, and thee, till now.

Sbakeffteare.

7'oBEFi'r. v. a. [from ^* and//.] To
fuit ; to be fuitable to ; to become.

Blind is his love, and bed brftt the dark. Shak.
Out of my fight, thou fcrpent ! — that name beft
Befits thee, witii him leaijucd ; thjfelf as falfe.

Faradijc Loft.
I will bring you wiiere (he fits.
Clad in fplcndour, as befts
Her deity. Miltcn.

Thou, what befits the new lord mayor.
Art anxioufiy Inquifitive to know. Dryden.

To Befo'ol. v. a. [from be and fool.] To
infatuate; to fool; to deprive of under-
ftanding ; to lead into errour.

Men ityoc/themlclvcs infinitely, when, by vent-
ing a few fighs, they will needs perfuadc thcm-
fclves that they have repented. South.

Jeroboam thought policy the beft piety, though
in nothing more htfo;led; the nature of fin being
not only to defile, but to infatuate. South.

Befo're. pref. [bipopan. Sax.]

1 . Farther onward in place.

Their common praiSice was to look no further
before them than the next line ; whence it will fol-
low that they can drive to no certain point. Dryd.

2. In the front of; not behind.

B E F

Who nuill,go
TSefare them, in a cloud and pillar Of fir«.
By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire.
To guide tliern in their journey, and remove
Behind them, while the obdurate king purfues.

Milti».

3. In the prefence of: noting authority or
conquefl.

Great queen of gathering-clouds.
See we fall befive thee !
Hroftrate we ad»re thee ! Vryden.

The Alps and Pyreiiean fink before him. Mdif.

4. In the prefence of: noting refpeft.

We fee that blufhing, ar.J calling down of the
eyes, both are more when we come before many.

Batoa.

They reprefent our poet betwixt a farmer and •
courtier, when he drcft hirafelf in his beft baiit,
to appear before his patron. Dryden,

5. In fight of.

Bf-tt the eyes of both our armies here.
Let us not wrangle. Stakejjpeare,

6. Under the cognizance of : noting jurif-
didion.

If a fuit be begun before an archdeacon, thfl
ordinary may litenlc the fuit to an higher court.

7. In the power of: noting the right of
choice.

The world was all before them, where to chufe
Their place of reft, and Providence their guide.

MHrtn,

Give us this evening ; thou haft morn and night.
And all the year, before thee for delight. Dryden.

He hath put us in the hands of our own coun-
fcl. Life and death, profperity and dcftruCtion,
arc before us. Tiltotjen,

8. By the impulfe of fomething behind.

Her part, poor foul ! fceming as burdened
With leffcr weight, but not with lefler woe,
Was carried with more fpeed before the wind.

Shakcffeare.

Hurried by fate, he cries, and borne before
A furious wind, we leave the faithful fliorc. Dryd,

9. Preceding in time.

Particular advantages it has before all the books
which have appeared before it in this kind. Dryd,

10. In preference to.

We (hould not prefume to determine which
fliould be the fitted, till vtc fee he hath chofea
fome one ; which one we may then boldly fay to
be the fitted, becaufe he hath Uken it before the
reft. Hooker.

We think poverty to be infinitely defirable before
the torments of covetoufn -.fs. Taylor.

1 1 . Prior to ; nearer to any thing ; as,
the eldeft fon is before the younger in
fucceflion.

12. Superiour to ; as, he is before his com-
petitors both in right and power.

Befo're. adv.

1. Sooner than ; earlier in time.

Hcav'niy born.
Before the hills appear'd, or fountain flow'd,
Thou with eternal wifdom didd converfe. Milton,

Befirc two months their orb with light adorn,
If heav'n allow me life, I will return. Diyden.

2. In time part.

Such a plenteous crop they bore
Of pureft and well winiiow'd grain.
As Britain never knew before. Dryden,

3. In fome time lately paft.

I (hall rcfume fomewhat which hath been hefirt
faid, touching the qucftion beforegoing. llah,

4. Previoufly to ; in order to.

Before this elaborate treatifc can become of ufe
to my country, two points are ncceffary. Swifts

5. To this time ; hitherto.

The peaceful cities of th' Aufonian (horc,
Lull'd in her cafe, and undifturb'd before.
Arc aU on fire. Dryden.

6. Already

BEG

6. Already.

Yoo tell me, mother, what I Icnew Ir/ore,
The Phrygian fleet is landed on the ftore, V^frl.

7. Farther onward in place.

Thou 'rt fo far if/on,
The fwifteft wing of recompence is flow
To overtake thee. Stahffeare.

Befo'rehand. ad-v. [from befcre and
hand. ]

1. Ill a ftate of anticipation, or preoccu-
pation : ibmetimes with the particle
•with.

Quoth Hudibras, I am htforthani
In that already, •with your command. Budihrai.

Your fjul has been Ufa-chand tuith yonr body,
And drunk fo deep a draught of promij'd blifs,
She (lumbers o'er the cup. Dryjeti.

I ha»e not room for many rcfleflions ; the lad
cited author has been trjDrtbanJ iviti me, in i cs
proper moral. M<iifir,.

2. Previoufly ; by way of preparation, or
preliminary.

His profeflion is to deliver precepts leeeflary to
«lo<iuent fpeech ; yet fo, that th.y w ,ich receive
them, may be taught hrforcbamd the Hull of fpeak-
'"8- , Uxker.

When the lawyers brought extravagant bills.
Sir Roger ufed to bargain htforthatid, to cut off a
quarter of a yard in any part of the bill. Arbuthmt.

3. Antecedently; aforetimes.

It would be refilted by fuch as had htfvchand
refilled the general pro;fs of thegofpel. Atierhury.

4. In a ftate of accumulation, or foas that
more has been received than expended.

Stranger's houfe is at this time rich, and much
itfirihani; for it hath laid up revenue thefe
thirty-fevcn years. Bacm.

5. At firft ; before any thing is done.

What is a man's contending with infupcrable
difficulties, but the rolling of S.fyphus't ftone up
the hill, which is foon bifcrihaad to return upon
him again ? VEJirav^c.

B£ FORETIME, adv. [from before and
timeJl Formerly ; of old time,

Bffsrcthm in Ifrael, when a man went to enquire
of God, tbushe fpake. t Samud.

TflBEFo'RTUNE. -v.n. [from be AnA./or-
tune. To happen to ; to betide.

1 give confent to gn along with you ;
Recking as little whit betideth me.
As much I willj all gooti bifurtur., you, SMcff.

Vo Befo'ul. -v. a. [from be .ind/W.j To
make foul ; to foil ; to dirt.

TcBefriend. 'v.a. [from 6e and /nend.]
To favour ; to be kind to ; to counte-
nance ; to (hew friendlhip to ; to benefit.

Jf it will pleafeCjefar
To be h good to Cslar, as to hear me,
I fliall beleech him to h'fnind himfclf. Stahffr.

Now, if your pioU be ripe, you ue btfriendtd
With opportunity. Dcabam.

See them embarked,
And tell me if the winds and fcas bffriend them.
„ ^ Addkn.

Be thou the firft true merit to befriend ;
His praife is loft, who ftiys till all commend. Ptpt.
Brother-fervants mull befrund one anotiier.
_. ^ S-.uift.

TO Befri KGi.v.a. [from be s.nA fringe.]
To decorate, as with fringes.

When 1 flatter, let my dirty >avej
Clothe fpice, line trunks, or, flutt'nng in a row,
Bffrinfe the ra^li of Bedlam and Soiio. Pofc.

To BEG. v.a. [beggeren,Germ.] To live
upon alms ; to live by afking relief of
others.
I cannot dig ; to big I am afitamed, tuic.

To Bp.c. v. a.
I. To aflc ; to feek by perition.

He wtat to FUate, and tttggtd Jhc body.

AUiitetv. I

BEG

BEG

I See how tfcey ieg an alms of flattery. TcMKg.

2. To take any thing for granted, without
evidence or proof.

We have not ctgged any principles or fuprofi.
tions, for the proof of this j but taken that com-
mon ground, which both Mofes and all antiquiry
P--^''"' ^ B^J.

To Bege't. v. a. begot, or begat ; I have
Ugotten, or kegot. [bejercan, Saxon, to
obtain. Sec To Get.]

I. To generate; to procreate ; to become
the father of, as children.

But firll come the hours, which we begot
In Jove's fwcet paradife, of day and night.
Which do the feafonl of the year allot. Sfenfer.

I talk of dreams.
Which are the children of an idle brain,
Btgot of nothing but vain phantafy. Shahjfearc.

WI|o hath begntten me thefe, feeing I have loft
my children, and am defolate ? Jfaicb.

'Twas he the noble Ciaudian race begat. Dryd.
Love is beget by fancy, bred
By Ignorance, by expeflation fed, Granville.

2. To produce, as effefts.

If to h.;ve done the thing you gave in charge,
Btget you happincfs, be happy then ;
For it is done. Sbaleffeare.

My whole intention was to beget, in the 'minds
of men, magnificent fentiments of God and his
*''''^«- Cbejne.

3. To produce, as accidents.

Is it a time for ftory, when each minute
Begets a thoufand dangers ? Denbam.

4. It is fometimes ufed with on, or upon,
before the mother.

Beget Wfmn
His mother Martha by his father John. Speffatcr^

Bece'tter. »./. [from%f/.] He that
procreates, or begets ; the father.

For what their prowefs gain'd, the law declares
Is to themfelves alone, and to their heirs :
No fliare of that goes back to the begetter,

But if the fon fights well, and plunders better

Dry den.

Men continue the race of mankind, commonly
without the intention, and often a^iinft the con-
fent and will, of the begetter. Locke.

Be'ccar. n.f. [from beg. h is more
properly written begger ; but the com-
mon orthography is retained, becaufe
the derivatives all prefcrve the a.]

i. One who lives upon alms ; one who has
nothing but what is given him. .

He raifcth up the poor out of the duft, and
lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to fet
them among princes. Samue/.

We fee the whole equipage of a beggar fo
drawn by Homer, as even to retain a notlenefs
and dignity. jj„,^_._

2. One who fupplicates for any thing ; a
petitioner ; for which, beggar is a harfli
and contemptuous term.

V/hat lubjcfls will precarious kings regard ?
A beggar fpcaks too foftly to be heard. Drydtn.

3. One who a/fumes what he does not
prove.

1 liefe fliameful beggars of principles, who give
this precarious account of the original of things,
alfume to themfelves to be men of reafon. Ti/Ar/.

To Be'ocar, v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To reduce to beggary ; to impoverifli.

VV hole heavy hand hath b.iw'd you tj he grave,

Anrf beggar'd yours for ever, Shjiejfeare.

They Ihall Ipr.il the clothiers wool, and beggar

the prefcnt fpinners, Graunt.

The mifrr
With heav'n, for twopence, cheaply wipes his

£:are,
Ui'ts up his eyes, »nd Ijaftci to l/'g^ar more. Gay.

z. To deprive,

Neceffity, of matter Ac^rj.rr'd,
Will nothing ftick our peil'ons to arraign
In ear and ear. Shake/fearn

3. To e.xhauJl.

For hT perfon,
It leggar'el all defcription ; /he did He
In h;-r pavilion, cloth of gold, of tiffue,
O'er-pifturing Venus. Shakefpeetre.

Be'ggarliness. ». / [from beggarly.^
The ftate of being beggarly ; meaa-
nefs ; poverty.

Be'cgarly. a^'. [f torn beggar.] Mean;
poor ; indigent ; in the condition of a
beggar : ufed both of perfons and things.

I ever will, though he do fliake me off
To beggarly divorcement, love him dearly. SbaK

A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shake!}.

Who, that beheld fuch a bankrupt beggarly fel-
low as Cromwell entering the parliament-houfe,
»iith a thread-bare, torn cloak, an 1 gieafy hat,
could have fufpettcd that he (hould, by the murder
of one king and the banifliment of another, afcend
the throne ? South.

The next town has the reputation of being ex-
tremely poor and bezgarly. Mdi]em,

Corulbdes, by extieme paifimony, faved thirty-
four pounds out of a beggarly fellowfliip. Siuift.

Be'cgarly. adv. [from beggar.] Mean-
ly ; defpicably ; indigently,

■I'ouching God himfelf, hath he revealed, that
it is his delight to dwell beggarly ? and that he
taketh no pleafure to be worfliipped, faving only
in poor cottages ? Hooker.

Be'ccary, n.f. [from beggar.] Indi-
gence ; poverty in the utmoll degree. '

On he bioujjht me into fo bare a houl'e, that It
was the pidure of miferabie happinefs and ricti
l"£g'"y- Sidney.

While I am a fjeggar, I will rail.
And fay there is no fm but to be rich :
And being rich, my virtue then Ihall be,
To fay there is no vice but beggary. Shaitfpeare.
We muft become not only poor for the prefent,^
but reduced, by further mortgages, to a ftate of
^'tZ<^'y for endlels years to cone. Siuift.

To BEGI'N. V. n. I began, or begun ; I
have begun, [bejmnan. Sax. from be, or
by to, and janjan, jaan, or jan, to go.}

1. To enter upon fomething new : applied
to perfons.

Begin every diy to repent; not that thou Aouldft
at all defer it ; but all that is part ought to feem
little to thee, feeing it is fo in itfelf. Begin the
n'-xt day with the fame zeal, fear, and humility,
as if thou had ft never begun before. Taylor.

2. To commence any aftion or ftate ; to
do the firll aft, or firft part of an aft ;
to make the firft ftep from not doing to
doing.

They began at the ancient men which were be-
fore the houfe. Exekiel,

By peace we will begin. Siakeffeare.

I'll fing of heroes and of tings :
Begin, my mufe ! Cov//y.

Of thefe no more you hear him fpeak ;
He now begins upon th<t Greek j
Thefe, rang'd and Ihow'd, (hall in their turns
Remain obfcure as in their urns. P«V»

Beginning from the rural gods, his hand
Was lib'ral to thi? pow'rs of high command. Dryd,

Rapt into future times, the bard begun,
A virgin fliall conceive. Pott.

3. To enter upon exiftence ; as, the worltt
began ; the praftice began.

I am as free as Nature firft made man,
Er ; the hafe laws of fervitude began.
When wild in woods the noble lavage ran. DryJl

4. To luive its original.

And thus the hard and ftuhborn race of man
Front animated rock and flint began. BJackmon.

Froia

BEG

Tram Nimrod firft the fmge chice ^^ Jii ;
A mighty humeri and his gami; was man. P<iJ>i,

5. To take rife ; to commence.

Judgment mull htgin at (be houli: of God.

I Pder.
The fong liegun from Jove. D'ydm.

All higax.
All ends, in love of God and love of man. Poft,

6. l"© come into aft.

Now and ihsn a figh he ftole,
And tears ttgeii to flow. Drydtr..

T'o Beci'n. •!>. «.

1 . To do the firft aft of any thing ; to
pafs from not doing to doing, by the
iirft aft.

Yc nympht of Solyma, iff fr tlie fong. Pofx-

'I'hcy have been awaked, by thcfe awful fcencs, '

to tegin religion^ and, afteiwarJs, their virtue

tias improved itfeif into more refined principles, by

divine grace. If^tuts.

2. To trace from any thing, as the trft
ground.

1 he apaftle itgws our knowledge in the crea-
tures, which leads us to the knowledge of God.

Lxir.

3. To ie^iti nvith. To enter upon ; to fall
to work upon.

A Irffon which requir"? fo much time to learn,
had need be ea|)y hegur. with.

GiverrmettI c/rht'Titiguc,

BeGl'NKGR. «./. [from iegin.]
X . He that gives the firit caufe, or origi-
nal, to any thing.

Thus heaping critticon crime, and grief on grief,
To lofs of lave adjoining lofs of f.-ien.!,

1 meant to purge both with a third mifchief,
And, in my woe's hg-rntr, it to en<i. Sfcrfer.

•Socrates maketh Ignatius, the bifhop cf An-
tioch, the fiift hcg'mncr thereof, even under the
apullles themfclves. Hoaitr.

«. y\n unexperienced attempter ; one in
his rudiments ; a young praftitioner.

Palladius, beliaving himfelf nothing like a h-
girncrf brought the honour to the Iberian fiJc-

S'hh.y.
They are, to hcghnfri, an eafy and familiar
introdurtion ; a mighty augmentation of ail vir-
tue and knowledge in fuch as are entered before,

1 have taken a lift of fev;ral hivndrcd v.'ords in
a fermon of a new ht^'tJiner, wlilch not ci:e hcarrr
could pofliblj' underrtand. Szvift,

Beg:'nning, n./. [from ^f^/».]
t. The firtl original or caufc.

Whcreicr we plate the btfit:mng of motion,
whether fio.-n the head or the heart, the body
moves and idJi by a confcnt of all its paits. Sivij't.

ji. The entrance into aft, or being.

In the btgmnjng Cod created the heavens and
- *e earth. • Ger,fi%.

3. The ftate in which a;iy thing firfl is.

Youth, what man's age is like to be, doth (liow ;
We may our end by ui:r icg\nn\vg know. Dci:b,:m.

4. The rudiments, or firft grounds or ma-
. terials.

B) viewing nature, nature's handmaid, jo't,
Makes niiyhty things from fmall h.ginttitigi grow '.

Thus filhcs firlt to Oiipping did impart.
Their tail the rudder, and their head the prow.

DryJot.

The underftanding is palfive ; and whether or
rot it will lia\t thefe trgiimwgi, and materials of
knowledge, is not in its own power. Lo<tt.

X,. The. firft part of any tiling.

The cautes and dcGj.ns of an adlion, are the
iifir.mre i the eff-Cit of thefe caufc;, and the
d (licui lej that are nvt with in the execution of
thefe 4 figns, ar- the mi diej and the umavcilini;
» .d-rcl/Jution ot'thcle d fiitulties, are the end.

' ' ' Encwe.

BEG

TV Beoi'iio. V. a. I iigirt, or legirjtti ; I
have begirt, [from ^1; and^iW.]

1. To bind with a girdle.

2. To furround ; to encircle ; to,entom-
pafs.

Begird th' Almighty throne,
Befceching, or befu-ging. Millar,

Or ihouid ilic, conlidcnt
As iitcing queen adorn'd on bciutvs throne,
Defcend, with all her winning charms Itgirt,
T" enamour. Miitcr.

At-home furrounded by a ferviie crowd.
Prompt to abufe, and in detraction loud ;
Abroad begirt with men, and fworJs, and fpcars ;
His very Sate acknowledging his fears. Pritr,

3. To fhut in with a fiege ; to beleaguer ;
to block up.

It was fo clofely hgin, before the king's marcli
into the we.1, that the council humbiy dcGrci his
majeily, that he would relieve it. Qlarcr.d'it,

To Beci'rt. t>. a. [This is, I think, only
a corruption of begird; perhaps by the
printer.] Tobcgird. See Begird.

And, Lentuius, begirt you Poaipcy's houfc.
To feize his fons alive ; for they are they
Mod make our peace with him. Bm Jorfcr..

BFGLERBEG. n.f. [Turkilh.] The chief
governour- of a province among the
Turks. ^
To Begna'w. 'V. a. [from he and^wntv,]
To bite ; to eat away ; to corrode ; to
nibble.

His horfe is ftark fpoiled with the ftaggers,

hegrmL-n with the bots, waid in the back, .ind

flioulder-diotten. Shahjfeare.

The woim of confcience fill! legf^j'-.v thy foul.

Shiiheffearc's Richard \\l.

Beco'ne. interjeSl. [only a coalition of
the words be gone."] Go away ; hence ;

hafle away.

Begor.e ! the goddefs cries with ftcrn difdain,
Big'ync! nor dare the hallow'd ftrcam to Itiin.
She fled," for ever baniih'd from t'v^* train, ^^dt^ifir.
Beg o't . 1 The participle pajfiiic of the

Beoo'tten. 1 verb keget.

Remember that thou watt higci ofthem. £fir/ij.
The firft he met, Antiphates the brave,
But bafc bi^ottcn on a Thcban Have. Drydtn.

To Becre'ase. -v. a. [from be and grcafe.^
To foil or dawb with unftuous or fat
matter.
To Becri'me. "V. a. [from he ^n^ grime.
See Grime and Grim.] To foil with
dirt deep imprefled ; to foil in fuch a
manner that the natural hue cannot
eafily be recovered.

Her name, that was as frcfh
As Dian's vifagc, is now ligrm'd, and black
As my owM fate. Sviikfi^are,

To Begui'le. f . a, [from ie and^«.-iV.]

1. To itnpofe upon ; to delude ; to cheat.

This 1 fay, lell any man.feouU Irgui.'e you
with enticing wards. CJ-^tWi.

The ferpent me iegui/'d, and I did eat ! Miiici:.

Whofoever fees a man, win would have be-
gutUd and inipofed upon him by making him
believe a lye, he niny truly fay, that is the man
who WfHild hft.'e ruined mc. Scutu*

2. To deceive; to evade.

Is wretchedneis depiiv'd that benefit.
To cud itfelf by death ? 'Tis yet fomc comfort.
When mifery could begu'ik the tyrant's rage,
Aid fruftrate his prnud will. Sh.ih/fearc.

3. To deceive pleafmgly ; to amufe.

Sweet, leave mc here awhile ;
My fpi-.it» grow dull, and fain 1 would irguh'e
I'he'fdo.is d.iv with flccD. Sbiihfptare,

Wjih hcfc fometimes (hedoth her tini- /.^'Bi/c ;
Thcic do I y iiu her phantafy p:iffe:"s. Hir J. Di-.hs.

B E H

B E C u'k . The participle pnfftvc of hegin,
But thou, brigiit morning ftar,- thou rifm^ 1*JIT,
Which in thefe latter times haft brought to light

Thofe myfteries, that fi nee the world began
Lay hid in darknefs and eternal night. SirJ.Dj-a,
Beha'lf. n.f. [This word Skinner de-
rives from ha\f, and interprets it, f<.r
my half; as, for my part. It fcems to
me rather corrupted from behoof, profit;
the pronunciation degenerating eafily
to behafe ; which, in imitation of other
words fo founded, was writien, by thofe
who knew not the etymology, behalf. '\

1 . Favour ; caufe favoured : we fay in
behalf, but /or the fake.

He was in confidence with thofe who dcfignej
the dcftruflion of Straftbrd j againft whom he
liad contrafled fome prejudice, in the bebulf of hU
nation. C/arendcn*

Were but my heart as naked to thy view,
Marcus would fee it bleed in his behalf. Addijin,

Never was any nation blcflVd with more frequent
iaterpofi:ions of divine providence in its helti'f.

Aticrbury.

2. Vindication ; fupport.

He mi^ht, in his ptclVnce, defy all Arcadian
knights, in the behalf of his miftrefs's beauty.

Sidrcy-t
Left the fiend,
Or in hehtilfof man, or to invade
Vacant polllfii'in, fome new trouble raife. mit:i:
Others believe that, by the two Fortunes, were
meant profpcrity or ?ifliclion ; and produce, iff
thuv belMj, an ancient monument. Addij.cr.It.::y,

To Beha've. f. a. [from be and have."]

1. To carry; to conduft : ufed ahnoft
always with the reciprocal pronoun.

We behaved not ciirfe'-ves diforderly amongyou.

riejr.

Manifeft figns came from heaven unto thofe
that behaved Ihemfehes manfully, 2 Maeeabrrir

To their wills wcdi-cd, to tlieir errours Haves,
No man like them, they think, bimf. If brbavrs.

D^rhar.

We fo live, and fo aft, as if we were fecure of
the final ifluc and event of things, however we
may biba-ve surfelves. Atferbury,

2. It fcems formerly to have had the fenfe
of, to govern ; to fobdue ; to dii'ciplinc :
but this is not now ufed.

Rut who his limbs with labours, and his snind
Bibavei with cares, cannot fo eafy mifs. Fa'ay £J.

With fuc'i fober and unnoted paflTun
Ha did behave his anger ere 'twas fpcnt,
As if he had but prov'd an argument. Shahfpeffre,

To Beha've. -k. ». To aft; to conduft
one's felf It is taken either in a good
or a bad fenfe ; as, he ieljaveJ well or ill.

Beha'viour. ?/./ \irom. behave."]

1. Manner of behavingone's felf, whether
good or bad ; manners ; carriage, with
rcfpeft to propriety.

M :pfa, curiou> in any thing but her own good
behavhur, followed Zclniane. Sidney,

2. External appearance with refpeft to
grace.

He marked, in Dora's dancing, good grace and
handfome Ickaviour, *■ Sidney,

3. Gefturc ; manner of aftion, adapted to
particuhr occafions.

Well witncflinj the mpft fubmi.live behavMr
that a thralled heart could cxprefs. Sidney.

When we make prol'efiion of our faith, v.e fland ■{
when we acknowledge our fins, or fcek unto God
for favour, wc fall down ; bccaufe t'le gefture <■!
conllancy becomcth us bcft in the one, in the otlie.-
the hcba-viiur of humility. Ik^ker.

One liian fees how much another man is a fool,
whc.i he dedicates hi. Icba^'iour to lo«. Sbairfp .

B E H

B E H

E E H

And he cliinged his hchavhar before theni) anJ
feigned himfcit mad in their hands. i Samuel*

4. Elegance of manners ; gracefulnefs.

The beautiful prove accompli/hed, but not of
great fpirit ; and ftudy, for the mod part, rather
ichavKur then viftne. Bacsn.

He who advil'eth the philofopher, altogether
iievoted to the Mufa, fe netimes to offer facrifice
to the altars of the Graces, thought knowledge
imperfeft without bcha'ukur* JVotUn.

5. Conduft; general praftlce ; courfe of
life.

To him, who hath a profpeft of the ftate that
attends men after this life, depending on their
hihaviour here, the meafurei of good and evil are
changed. Loch.

6. To be upcn one's beha=vloar. A familiar
phrafe, noting fuch a (late as requires
great caution ; a ftate in whicli a failure
in behai'iour will have bad confequences.

Tyrants therafelves ueufos their btiavi'Mr to »

fuperiour power. L'EUrange.

To Behe'ad. v. a. [trom be and heaJ.']

To deprive of the head; to kill fay cut-

■'ting off the head.

His bihcadiitg he undenvcnt with all chriSian
augnanimity. ClarndoK.

On each fide they fly,
>y chains connext, and, with dcHmdtive fweep.
Behead whole troops at once. Phili^t.

Mary, queen of Siots, was behtaJed in the reign
of qu^n Elizabeth, AddtJ^^n*-

Iihe'ld. participle pajfi-vt from heholel ;
which fee.

All hail ! ye Tirgin daughters of the main !
Yc dreams, beyond my hopes beheld again ! Pi>pe.

Bk'hemoth. »./. ^^^^OTo//;i, in Hebrew,
fignifies beafts in general, particularly
the larger kind, fit for fervice. But Job
{peaks of an animal behemoth, and de-
kribes its properties. Bochart has taken
much care to make it the hippopotamus,
or river-horfe. Sanilius thinks it is an
ox. The Fathers fuppofc the devil to be
meant by it. But we agree with the ge-
nerality of interpreters, that it is the
elephant. Calmet.

Behold now hthemth, which I made with. thee;
he eatcch grafs as an ox. J^b,

Behold 1 in plaited mail
Sehemstb rears his hrad. Tlmmfin.

Be'hen. 7 ». yi Valerian root?. Alio a
Bek. .5 fruit refembling the tamarifk,

from which perfumers extraft an oil. Di^.
Behe'st. »./. [from be and he^ ; hapj-,

^axon.] Command ; precept ; mandate.

Her tender youth had obediently lived un^lcr her
parents b.h.Jli, without framing, out of her own
w?Il, the forcchoofing of any tiling. Sidney.

Such joy he had their (lubborn hearts to quell,
And llurJy touragr tame v/ith dreadful awe,
T\iat hii ielefi they feat'd as a proud t) rant's law.

Sferj'cr.

I, m^iTengcr from cverlaftlng Jove,
In hi; grcar njmi thus hii bthejl io tcil. Fm^fax.

To vHir oft thofe happy tribi-s.
On high Ltl'fli his angels to and fro
I'iK'l ((•^ij'ifnt. Ml'tm.

in hcav'n God ever WeO^ and hi^ diyinc
Behrfti ob'y, wor.hird to be obey il I Mil'on.

7t Beiit'cHT. V. a. pret. bebct, part, bt-
hi^ht, [from haran, to promifc, Sax.]

1. To proraifc ; tliis word is obfolete.

iiirCuyon, mindful of his vow yplight,
l*p rofe fr'ioi drowfy couch, and him adJreft
Vfnto the journey which he had ithigbl, FairJ ^

2. To entrurt ; to commit.

TI . ou, huufc that glift'reth bright,

W}ir jre to thy hanJ btli'i/l

By ■■. ,. Jjirj i^K.-.T,

• V»i.. f.

3. Perhaps to call j to name : hi^lt being
often put, in old authors, for named, or
nuas named.

BEHi'ND./rif/. [hmSan, Saxon.]

I. At the back of another.

Acomatcs hafted with harquebufiers, which Ite
had caufed his horfemen to take bebtrtd them upon
their horfcs. Knollei.

I. On the back part ; not before.

She came in the prefs behind, and touched him.

Mark.

3. Towards the back.

The Benjamites looked behind them, yudges.

4. Following another.

Her hulbaud went with her, weeping behind her.

Samuel.

5. Remaining after the departure of fome-
thing elfe.

He left tebind him myfelf and a fiflfcr, both born
in one hour. Siakejfeere.

Piety and virtue are not only delightful for the

I prefcnt, but they have peace and contentment

behind them. _ T^illatfon.

6. Remaining after the death of thofe to
whom It belonged.

What he gave me to pub'.ifli, was but a fmall
part of what he left behind him. Pupe.

7. At a dillance from fomething going be-
fore.

Such is the fwiftnefs of your mind,
That, like the earth's, it leaves out fenfe behind.

Dryden.

8. Inferiour to another ; having the polle-
riour place with regard to excellence.

After the overthrow of this lirll houfe of God,
a fecond wa« ercQed ; but with Co great odds, that
they wept, which beheld how moch this latter
came behind it. Hcoker.

9. On the other fide of fomething.

From light rctir'd behind his daughter's bed.
He, tor approaching flcep, compos'd his head, Drjd,
Behi'nd. adv.

1 . Out of fight ; not yet produced to view ;
remaining.

We cannot be furt that we have all the parti-
culars before us ; and thai; there is no evidence
bahird, and.yet unfcen, which may cart the proba-
bility on the othM fide. Lieke.

2, Moft of the former fenfes may become
adverbial, by fuppreffing the accufati've
cafe ; as, I left my money behind, or
behind me.

Behi'ndhand. adv. [from behind and
h.^nd.']

1. In a ftate in which rent or profit, or
any advantage, is anticipated, fo that
lefs is to be received, or more perform-
ed, than the natural or juft proportion.

Your trade would fuffcr, if your being behind-
hand has made the natural ufe fo high, that your
tradefman cannot live upon his labour. l,o,ke.

2. .Not upon eqijal terms, with regard to
' forwardnefs. In thii fenfe, it is followed

by luith,

Confider, whether it is not better to be half a
year hthindhand ii-iih the fa(hionabIc part of the
world, than to {Iraiti beyond his circuml^ancei.

SfefJatir.

3. ^hake/peart yXt% it as an adje^i'ue, but
licenttouny, for backward ; tardy.

And thefe thy oftiies,
So rarely kind, are a& interpreters
Of my beHndkanJ Clic\e.DCh. Shaicffiare.

To BEHOXD. 'i:a. pret. I IMd, I have
beheld, or beholden, [behealban, Saxon.]
To view ; to fee ; to look upon : to
behold is -to /fir, in an emphatical or in-
tenfiv* fciife.

San of man, lehsld with thine eyes, and hear
with tliine ears. Ezeiief,

When Theflalians on horfeback were beheld afxr
off, while their horfes watered, while their heads
were deprelfed, they were conceived by the fpodla-
tofs to be one animal. Browne^ s Vulgar Et-rcun*

Man looks aloft, and, with ereiled eyes.
Beholds his own hereditary (kies. Dryden*

At this the former tale again he told,
With thund'ring tone, and dreadful tobehsld. DryJ.

The Saviour comes, by ancient bards foretold.
Hear him ye deaf, and all yc blind beheld ! Pope.

Buho'ld. interje3. [from the verb.] Seej
lo : a word by which attention is excited,
or admiration noted.

Behold I 1 am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen,
When out of hope, beheld her 1 not far off.
Such as 1 favv her in my dream, adorn'd
With what all earth or heaven could bellow,
To make her amiable. Mihcn.

Beho'lden. particip. adj. [gehouden,
Dutch ; that is, held in obligation. It
is very corruptly written be/jolding,'\
Obliged ; bound in gratitude : with the
particle to.

Horns, which fuch as you are fain to be heholden
to your wives for. Shakefpeare,

Little are we beholden to your love,
And little look'd for at your helping hands. Shai,

1 found you next, in refpeCt of bond, both of
near alliance, and particularly of communication ift
ft'udics : wherein 1 mult acknowledge myfelf be-
holden tc you. Bacon.

I think myfelf mightily beholden to you for the
rcprchenfion you then gave us. Addijor*

We, who fee men under the awe of juftice, can-
not conceive what favage creatures they would be
without it ; and how much beholden w- arc to that
wife contrivante. Atterbury.

Beho'lder. m. /. [from behold.'] Spec-
tator ; he that looks upon any thing.

Was this the face,
That, like the fun, did m>\!.e beholJen wi.ik ? Shak»

Thefe beafts among,
Beholders rude, and fliallo.v to difcern
Half wh.1t in tlicc is fair, one man except.
Who fees thee ? Mihols,

Things of wonder give no lefs delight
To the wife Maker's than ieholjrr'f, fight. Denharn.

The juftlint^ chiefs in ruje encOu:ner> join.
Each fair beholder trembling for her knight.

Gran'uille,

The charitable foundations, in the chuich of
Rime, exceed all the demands of charity j an^ '
raife envy, rather than companion, in the. bre:»ftA
of beholders. Aaerhary.

Be ho'l D I N G . adj. [corrupted from behild'

»■».] Obliged. See Beholden.
Beho'lding. n.y; Obligation.

Love to virtue, and not to any particular he*

holdings, hath expreiied this my teftimony. CareiSim

Beho'ldincness. n. f. [from beholding-,

millaken for beholden.] The ftate of

being obliged.

The king invited us to his court, fo a> I moil
acknowledge a beholdingnejs unto him. Sidney,

In this my debt 1 feem'd loth to confefs,
Ifi that I fhunn'd beboldingnefs. Donne.

BEHo'oF.«.y; [itoia behoo've ."] That which
behooves ; that which is advantageous ;
profit ; advantage.

Hit majcrty may alter any thing of thofe law?,
for her o\\n behoof, and for the good of the people,

Sfenjcr,
No rnenn tecompenca it brings
To your behoof: if 1 that region loft.
All uIurpat;on tlicnce cxjieltM, reduce
To her original da knefs, and your fway, %tiltom
Wc.t thou fome ftar, which from the ruin'd roof
Of (hik'd Olympus by mii'chance Jidft fall )
Which careful Jove, in nature's true behoof,
T*ok *f, and in tit place did n\n'\i-jt. Mili-ii.
Z Sccaufe

B.E.I

BEL

B E i:

Bccaufe it wis for the ttbecf of the in'unal, that,
■Ofon any fuddcn acciilent, it might be awakcnc<',
there wctc no Ihuts or ftopplcs made fur thu
tars. Ray.

it would be of no hebixf, for the fettling of go-
vernment, unlefs there were a way tatight, how to
know the perfon is> whom belonged this power and
dominion. Locke.

7» BEHO'OVE, v. n. [behopan, Saxon,
it is a dity.'] To be fit ; to be meet :
either with refpeft to duty, neceffity, or
convenience. It is ufed only imper-
fonally with it.

Far better examination of their quality, :t it-
ixrvilh the very foundation and root, the highcft
well-fpring and fountain of them, to be difcovercd.

Hooker.

He did fo prudently temper his paflioni, as tiiat

rone of them made him wanting in the offices oj

life, which « bihswiJ or became him to perform.

Alter bury.

But fliould you lure the monarch of the brook,

Bebowcs jou then to ply your fineft art. Thcmfon.

Beho'oveful. adj. [from behoof. ] Ufefu! ;
profitable ; advantageous. This word is
loroeWliat antiquated.

It is VC.7 behooveful in this country of Ireland,
where there are wade dcferts full of grafs, that the
fame (houM be eaten down. Sfenjer.

Laws are many times full of impcrfcdlions ;
and that which is fuppofed beboivefvl unto men,
proveth oftentimes moft pernicious. Ihsker,

Madam, wc have cuU'd fuch neceffaries
As are tchicveful for our (late to-morrow. Sbak.

it may be moil hebaoveful for princes, in mat-
ters of grace, to tranfa<3 the fame publickly : fo
it is as requifite, in matters of judgment, punifh-
inent, and cenfure, that the fame be tranfafted
pr^va^eiy. Clarer.d'jn.

Beho'cvefully. adv. [ from behooveful, ]
Profitably ; ufefully.

Te:l us of more weighty di Hikes than thefe, and
that may more hehotvefu/lj import the reformition.

Spenfer.
Be ho't. [preterite, as it feems, oibehigbt,
to promife.]

With (harp intended fting fo rude him fmote.
That t) the earth him drove as ftrickcn dead,
Ne living wight would have him life icier. Fairy Q^
Bb'inc. particip. [from be."]

Thrlfc, who have their hope in another life,
look upon themfelves as be'mg on their paflage
through this. Atlerbury.

Be'ing. n.f. [from ^e.]
I. Exiftencc : oppofed to nonentity.

Of him all things have both received their firft
heing, and their continuance to be that which they
""• Hooker.

Yet is not Ood the author of her ill,
Tho' author of her being, and being there. Da-vies.

There is none but he,
WhoTe beiiij( J do fear 1 and under him
My genius is rebuked. Hhakeff. Macbttb.

Thee, Farhcr, firft they fung, cmnipotejit.
Immutable, immortal) infinite,
Pteinal king ! Tiiee, Author of all btir.g,
Kountain of light I Miliin'i Parettlifc L'fl.

Merciful and gracious, thou gaveft us being,

tai.m^. us from nothing to be an excellent creation.

Taylor's Guide to Devotion.

Copfider every thing as not yet i;i hcmg; then
exami9e, if it mull n^eJi have been at all,'or what
otb-T ways it miijht have been. Bentlcy.

■%, A particular llatc or condition.

Tbof« happy fpirits which, ordaln'd by fate.
For fiture iejn^and new bidies wait. ' Drjicn.
Heav'n from all creatures hides the b.iok of fate ;
Fiom b utcs ivhat men, from men what fjirits

know j
Or wdo could fufier being h«(C below ? fnfe.

At now your own, our beirgs were of old,
Aad obc« latios'd iji vioitua'i bcau;cov aoulJ,

P»pf.

3. The perfon exifting.

Ah (air, yet falfe ! ah being formM to cheac
By teeming kindncfs,mixtwitli deep deceit! Dryd.

It is fully to fcek the approbation of any biing,
bcljde!. the fupreme ; becaufe no other being can
make a right judgment of us, and becaufe we can
procure no confiderable advantage from the ap-
probation of any other being. Addifon, Spectator.

Be'ing. conjiinil. [from be.'] Since. Dia.

Be it so. A phrafe of anticipation, y«^-

pofe it hefo ; or of permifiion, let it hefo.

My gracious duke,
Be't fo (he will not here, before your grace,
' Confent to marry with Demetrius,
I beg the ancient privilege of Athens. Shakejp.

Ti Bela'bour. 'V. a, [from be and la-
bour.'] To beat j to thump : a word in
low fpeech.

What fevcral madnelTes In men appear !
Oreftcs runs from fancy'd furies here j
Ajax belabours there an harmlcfs ox.
And thinks that Agamemnon feels the knocks.

Drydin,

He fees virago Nell belabour.
With his own ftaff, his peaceful neighbour. Swift.

ToBela'ce. v. a. [afea terra.] Tofaften ;

as, to belace a rope. Z);V?.

Be'lamie. u.f. [belamie, Fr.] Afriend;

an intimate. This word is out of ufe.

Wife Socrates
Pour'd out his life, and laft philofophy.
To the fair Critias, his dearell belamie. Fairy ^

Be'lamoor. n.f. [bel amour, Fr.] Gal-
lant ; confort ; paramour : obfolete.

Lo, lo, how brave (he decks her bounteous bowV
With filken curtains, and gold coverlets.
Therein tolhroud herfumptuousfc/atuoor. F<':ry^

Bela'ted. adj. [from be and late.] Be-
nighted ; out of doors late at night.

Fairy elves,
Whofe midnight revels, by a foreft fide.
Or fountain, foroe belated peafant ices,
Or dreams he fees. Milton" s Paradife Loft.

Or near FIcetditch's oozy brinks.
Belated, feems on watch to lie. Sivift.

To Bela'y. -v. a. [from be and lay, as,
to "jvaylaj, to lie in wait, to lay wait for.]

1 , To block up ; to Hop the paflage.

The fpeedy hnrfe all pall'agrs behy.
And fpur their fmoaking deeds to crofs their way.

DfyJen.

2. To place in ambufh.

'Gainilfiich ftrongcaftlcsncedeth greater might.
Than thofcfmali forces yc were wont bilay. Sfenfer.
TijBelav a rope, [a fea term.] To fplice ;
to mend a rope, by laying one end over
another.
To BELCH. <v. n. [bealcan, Saxon.]
I . To ejcdl the wind from the ftomach ;
to erurt.

The (ymptoms are, a four fmell in their faeces,
belebingi, and diltenfions of the bowels.

Arbtttbnot en Aliments.

^. To iffue out, as by eruftation.

The witers boil, and, belching from below.
Black fands as from a forceful engine throw. Dryd.

A triple pile of plumes his crcft adorn'd,
On which with belching flames Chimzra burn'd.

Dryden.

V4 Belch. i/. a. To throw out from the
ftomach; to ejetl from any hollow place.
It is a word implying coarfenefs, hate-
fulnefs, or horrour.

They are all but Komachs, and we all but food ;
They eat us hungerly, and, wbiu they're full,
Thcv irlii us. Sbakefi-ejre.

Tlic bittcrneft ef it I aow htld (torn my heart.

^hakrjpetirt.

, Immediate in a flame,

But foon obfcur'd with fmoke, all heav'n appearM,
From thofc deep-throated engines belcb'd. Milton.

The gates tliat now
Stood open wide, beUbing outrageous flame
Far Into chaos, fincc the fifoij pafs'd thniugh.

Milton,
Rough as their favage lords who rang'd the wood.
And, fat with acorns, bcleb'd their windy food.

Dryden.
There belcb'd the mingled Oreams of wind and
blood.
And human fle(h,bis indigeftcd food. Popi'sOdylK

When I an am'rous kifs defign'd,
I belcb'd an hurricane of wind. Swift,

Belc». n.f. [from the verb.]

1 . The sft of eruftation.

2. A cant terra for malt liquor.

A fudden reformation would follow, among all
forts of people ; porters would no longer be drunk
with belib. Dennis.

Be ldam. n.f. [belle dame, j^hich, in old
French, fignified probably an old wo-
man, as bale age, old age.]

1. An old woman : generally a term of
contempt, marking the laft degree of
old age, with all its faults and miferies.

Then fing of fecret things that came to pafs.
When beldam Nature in her cradle was. Milton,

2. A hag.

Why, how now, Hecat ? you look angerly,^
—Have I not rcalon, beldams, as you are.
Saucy an4 overbold > Shakeffeares Macbeth.

The refty fieve wagg'd ne'er the more j
I weep for woe, the telly beldam fwore. Dryden

To BELE'AGUER.' v. a. [beleggercn',
Dutch.] To befiege ; to block up a
place ; to lie before a town.

Their bufincfa, which they carry on, is the ge-
neral eoncarnmcnt of the Trojan camp, then be-
leaguered by Turnus and the Latins. Dryd. Dufref,

Againft bekaguer'd heav'n the giants move :
Hills pil'd cm hills, on mountains mountains lie, '
To oiake their mad approaches to the (ky. Dryden,

B F. L e'a G i; E R E R . H. f. [from beleagiier.]
One that befieges a place. _

•7e Bbi.es'. i;. a. [a term in navigation.]
To place in a direftion unfuitable to the
wind.

Belemni'tes. n.f. [from |5f'x©-, a dart
or arrow, becaufe of its refemblance to
the point of an arrow.] Arrowhead,
or finger-ftone, of a whitiili and fome-
times a gold colour.

Belflo'wer. n.f. [from bell zndfoiver,
becaufe of the (hape of its flower ; in
Latin campanula.] A plant.

There is a vart number of the fpecies of thi»
plant. I. The tallcft pyramidal belfvwer. i.
The blue peach-leaved belflowcr. 3. The white
peach-leaved brlfl-Kaer. 4. Gitieabelfiomer, with
oblong leaves and flowers ; commonly called Can-
terbury bills. 5. Canary belfio-tver, with orrach
leaves and a tuberofe root. 6. Blue bclflo-wer, with
edible roots, commonly called rampions. 7. Venus
looking-glafs bilji.iotr, &c. Milier.

Belfo'undbr. n.f [from bell and found. ]
He whofc trade it is to found or cad
bells.

Thofe that make recorders kna\v this, and lite,
wife belfounders in (itting the tune of their bells.
^ Bacon.

Be lfry. n.f. [Befroy, in French, is a
tower ; which was perhaps the true
wor.1, till thofe, who knew not its ori-
ginal, corrupted it to be/fry, becaufe
bells were in it. The place where the
bells are rung.

IVtch

BEL

Tetth the kstbern bucket that iiaaga !» the Id-

frt; that is curioully painted Ueforc, and will

make a fiijurc. Cay.

Belga'rd. n.f. [belle egard, Fr.] Afott

glance ; a kind regard : an old word,

now wholly difufed.

Upon her eyeiijs Biany graces fat,
UnoeiF the fiiadow of her even brows,
Working iilgsrdi, and amorous retreats. Fj'irji £^.
7'o Beli'e. f. a. [from ie and //>.]

1. To counterfeit; to feign; to mimick.

Which durft, with horfes hoofs that beat tiie
ground.
And martini brafs, if& the thunder's found. Drjti.

The fhape of man, and imitated beaft.
The walk, the words, the gefture could fapply.
The habit mimick, =aj the mien itlie^ Dryd!r<.

t To give tiie lie to ; to charge with
falfehood.

Sure there is none but fears a future (late ;
Apd when the moft obdurate fwear they do not,
Their trembling hearts tel'ic their boaftful tongues.

Drydai-
Paint, patches, jewels laid afide,
At night aflronomers agree,

The evening has the day hely'dy
And Hhillii is fome forty-thrve. Prior.

3. To calumniate; to raife falfe reports
of any man.

Thou doft hcTiC him, Piercy, thou htUtfi him ;
He never did encounter with Oiendower. Skakefp.

1^ To give a falfe reprefentatioa of any
thing.

Uncle, for heav*n's fake, comfortable words. —
M— Should 1 do fo, 1 fhouid htiie my thoughts. ShaL

Tufcan Valerus by force o'crcame.
And not bclj'd his mighty father's name.

Jjrydcns ^neld.
In the difpute whate'er I faid,
My heart was by my tongue btly^d\

And in tny looks you might have read
How much I argued on your fide. Prkr.

5. To fill with lies. This feems to b« its
meaning here.

■ 'Tis flanJer, whofe breath
Rides on the polling V(inds, and doth lc!\c
AU corners of the world. Shakrjpearii Cymhelim.

Belie'f. »./. [from belU've.'^

J. Credit given to fomething, which we
know not of ourfelvcs, on account of Uie
authority by which it is delivered.

I'hofc comforts titat lliall never ceafc.
Future in ho^r, but prefcnt in htl'ief, IVcWm,

Faith is a lirm hcl'uf of ihe whofe word of God,
•f bis gofpfl, commands, threats, and promifes.

2. The theologicaLvirtue of faith, or firm
confidence of the truths of religion.

No man can attain hil'nf by the bare contem-
plation of heaven and earth ; for that they neither
are fuHicient to give us as much as the Icafl fpark
of light concerning the very principal myfleries
of our faith. Hockcr,

5. Religion ; the body of tenets held by
the profefTors of faith.

In the heat of general perfccution, whereunto
chridian bilicf wn fubjc^ upon the firfl promul-
gation, it much confirmed the weaker minds,
when relation was made how God had been glori-
fied through the fuflerings of martyrs^ Utrnker.

4. Perfuafion ; opinion.

He- can, I know, but doubt to think h: will ;
Yet hope would fain fubfcribe, and tempts belirf.

Militn.

All treaties are grounded upon the beHif, tiiat
Hates will be found m their honour and oblervmcc
of treaties. Temple.

5. The thing believed ; the objedl of be-
lief.

Superllitious prophecies are not only t\M iciitf
•f fools, butthe talkfcmstimes of wife men. Binn,

BEL

6. Creed ; a form containing the articles
of faith.

Beli'evable, «</•". \_?rom helisve.'] Cre-
dible ; that wh:;h may be credited or
believed.

To BELI'EVE. T. a. [jelycan, Saxon.]

1. To credit upon the authority of ano-
ther, or from fome other reafon than our
perfona] knowledge.

Adherence to a proportion which they arc per-
fuaded, but do not know, to be true, is not feeing,
but believing. Locke.

Ten th 'ufand things there are, which we Ic-
Ijtvc nlcrLiy upon the authority or credit of thofe
who have fpoken orwritten of them. Watn't Log.

2. To put confidence in the ver.icity of
any one.

The people may hear when I fpcak with thee,

and /'(•//ci/f thee for ever. Exodus.

To Beli'eve. f. ».

1. To have a firm perfuafionof any thing.

They may believe that the Lord God of their
fathers, the .God of Abraham, the Gcd of Ifaac,
and the GoJbf Jacob, hath appeased unto thee.

CemJIu

2. To exercife the theological virtue of
faith.

Now God be prai/d, that to believing fouls
Gives light in darkncfs, comfort in defpair. Sbak,

For with the heart man bcHevetb unto right-
eoufncfs, and with the mouth confelfion is made
unto falvation. Romans.

3. With the particle in, to hold as an ob-
jeft of faith.

Believe in the Lord your God, fo fiiall you be
eflablifhed. 2 Cbrcn.

4. With the particle upon, to truft ; to
place full confidence in ; to reft upon
with faith.

To them gave he power to become the fons of
God, even to them that believe off his name. ytin.

5. / believe, is fometimes ufed as a way of
nightly noting fome want of certainty
or exadlnefs.

Though they are, I ielievi, ai high as mod
(lecples in England, yet a perfjn, in his drink,
fell down, without any other hurt than the break-
ing of an arm. Mdifon en Italy.
Bei.i'ever. «./ [from belie-ve.]

1. He that believes, or gives credit.

Uifcipline bcgr.n to entfr into conflia with
churches, which, in extremity, had beci beluven
of it. Hooker.

2. A profeflbr of Chriftianity.

Infidels themfelves did difcern, in matters of life,
when belicveri did well, when otherw:fe. Hooker.

If he which '.vritctb do that which is forcible,
howlhould he which readcth be thought to do that
which, in itfell, is of no force to work belief, and
to fave believers / , Hooker,

Myfteries held bjr tfstiA-. no power, psmp, or
weahh, but have been"msintai:.:d by the univcrfal
body of true believers, from the days of the apoftle's,
and will be to the refurreflion j neither will the
gates of hell prevail againft tbeni. Svi'ft.

Beli'evingly. a,-iv. [from To believe. "^

After a believing manner..
Bei.i'ke. aJ-v. [hom like, M by likilihoij.']
I . Probably ; likely ; perhaps.

There came out '.f the fimc woods a horrible
foul bear, which fearing, belike, v.hile the lion was
prefent, came furioully towards tlie place where I
was. Sidney.

Lord Angeloi beUke, thinking me remifs in my
cfjcc, awakens me with this unwonted putting on.

Shakeffearc.

Jofephus affirmclli, that one of them remained
in hi; time; meaninjf, belike, fome r«iii or foun-
dation tliereof. Raleigh.

15 E L

2. It is fometimes ufed in a fenfe of irony,
as // may be fuppofed.

We think, bel'ikc, that he will accept what the
meaneft of them would difdain. Hooter.

God appointed the fea to one of them, and the
land to the other, becaufe ihcy were fo great, that
the fea could not hold them both ; or clfe, belike,
if the fea had been large enough, we might have
gone a filhing for elephants. Bremu. on Lairg.

Beli've, ae/'v. [bihve. Sax. probably
from bi and hj-e, in the fenfe of vivacity,
fpeed, quicknefs.] Speedily; quickly:

'~ a word out of ufe.

By that fanje way the direful dames to drive
Their mournful chariot, fill'd with rufty blood.
And down to I'luto's hou fe are come belive. Fairy ij.

BELL. It./, [bel, Saxon; fuppofed, by
Skinner, to come from feliijs, Lat. a
bafm. See Ball.]

1. A veflel, or hollow body of cafl me-
tal, formed to make a noife by the a<S
of a clapper, hammer, or Ibme other
Jnftrument llriking againft it. Bells are
in the towers of churches, to call the
congregation together.

Your flock, alic:mbled by the bell.
Encircled you to hear with reverence. Sbakefp^

Get thee gone, and dig my grave thyfelf,
And bid tlie merry bells ring to thy ear,
That thou art crowned, not that I am dead. Shdk.
Four bells admit twenty-four changes in ring-
ing, and five bells oue hundred and twenty.

Holder'' s Elements of Speech.
He has no one neceflary attention to any thing
but the bell, which calls to prayers t«ice a-day.

Addifon, SpcBator.

2. It is ufed for any thing in the form of
a bell, as the cups of flowers.

Wliere the bee fucks, there fuck I,
In a cowdip's bell I lie. Sbakejpeare^ s TentpeJI.

The humming bees, that hunt the golden dew.
In furamer's heat nn tops of lilies feed,
And creep within their bells to fuck the balmy feed.

Dryd.n.

3. A fmall hollow globe of metal perforat-
ed, and containing in it a folid ball ;
which, when it is fliaken, by bounding
againll the fides, gives a found.

As the ox hath Iiis yoke, the horfe his curb, aill
the faulcon hit bells, fo hath man his dffircs.

Sbakefpeare's As you like if,

4. To bear the hell. To be the fir 11 ; from
the wether, that carries a bell among tiie
ftieep, or the firft horfe of a drove that
has hdls on his collar.

The Italians have carried away the bf',1 from
all odicr nation:;, as may appear both by their
b..oks a;id works. ' Hakcwill,

5. To Jhr.ke the bells, A phrafe iu Shake-
fpeari, tajccn from the bell; of a hawk.

Noith-r the king, nor he that loves him belt.
The proudcft he that holds up Lancaftcr,
D.uts ilir a wing, if Wai wicky/iiai-« bis bells, Sbay

7fl Bell. "v. «. [from the noun.] To grow
in buds or flowers, in the form of a bell.

Hops, in the beginning of Augull, bell, and :ire
fuiuctinies ripe. Mortivterm

BiLL-FASHiONED. adj. [from bell and
fitjhion.] Having the form of a. bell;
campaniform.

The thorn-apple rifcswith a ftrongroup.d (lilk,
having large bell fajhiooed ^o\i^n at the joint.'.

Mortimer,

Belt.e. n.f. \btau, belle, Fr.] A young
lady.

What motive could compel
A well-bred lord t' aifault a gentle betlef
O fay, what (Irangcr caul'c, yjt une;.(jlor"d,
Cuuld m«kc a gentle btlle rejsft a lord i" Tope.

Z z BELLES

BEL

BELLES LETTRES. n. f. [Fr.] Polite
literature. It has x\o fengular.

The eudnef] of the other, is to admit of fome-
thing like dilcourfe, eipetially in what regardi the
btU.i Ultra. T"''"-

Be'llibone. «./. [{mmbelluj, beautiful,
and bonus, good, Lat. belle W bonne,
Fr.] A woman excelling both in beau-
ty and goodiiefs. A word now out of ufe.

Pan may be proud that ever he bigot

Such a billikcnc,
Aad Syrinx Tcjoice that ever w« her lot

To bear fuch a one. Sf infer.

Belli'gerant. lai!j. [belliger, Lat.]

Bblli'gerous. J Waging war. Dia.

Be'lling. n.f. A hunting term, fpokeof

a roe, when flie makTes a noife in rutting

time. Dia.

Belli'potent. aJj. [beUipotcns, Lat.]

PuiiTant ; mighty in war. DiH.

To Be'llow. <!/. n. [bellan, Saxon.]

i. To make a noife as a bull.

Jupiter became a bull, mi ielhwed ; the green
Neptune a ram, and bleated. Sbateffsari.

What bull dares belUvi, or what flieep dares bleat,
Within the lion's den ? Drydin.

But now the hufband of a herd muft be
Thy mate, and belkw'wg fons thy progeny. DryJ.

2. To make any violent outcry.

He faften'd on my neck, and iellna'd oat.
At he'd burft heav'n. Shake/peart.

3 . To vociferate ; to clamour. In this
fcnfe it is a word of contempt.

The dull fat capuin, with a hound's deep throat.
Would l!e/l<KV out a laugh in a bafe note. Dryden.

This gentleman is accuftofned to roar and bcl-
Irw fo terribly loud, that he frightens us. Tatltr,

4. To roar as the fea in a florm, or as the
wind ; to make any continued noife,
that may caufe terrour.

Till, at the lad, he hejid a dread found.
Which thro' the wood loud hil'mi'ixg did rebound.

Sptnjer.
The fifing rivCTS float the nether ground ;
And rocks the bcUow'tng voice of boiling feas re-
bound. Dryden.

Be'llows. n.f. [bihj. Sax. perhaps it
is corrupted from bellies, the wind being
contained in the hollow, or belly. It has
no Jingular ; for we ufually fay, a pair
if bellows ; but Dryden has ufed bellonus
as z^ngular.y

t. The inllrument ufed to blow the fire.

Since ftghs, into my inward furnace turn'd.
For bellcnos fervc to kindle more the fire. Sidney.

One, with great btllt,-ws, gather'd filling air,
Arfd with forc'd wind the fuel did enflamc. FairySi^

The fmith prepares his hammer for the ftrokc.
While the lung'd W/mus hifling fire provoke. Dryd.

The lungs, as bellnvi, fupply a force of breath ;
•nd the affera arleria is as the nofe of billnivs, to
colleft and convey the breath. Uclda.

X. In the following paflage it h^ngulaf.

Thou neither, like a bellcioi, fwell rt thy face,
As if thou wcrt to blow the burning mafs
Of melting ore. Dryden.

Be'lluine. «<^'. [^f//tt/»B/, Lat.] Bcaft-
ly ; belonging to a bead ; favage ; bru-
tal.

li human actions were not to be judged, mi:n
would have no advantage over bcafts. At this
ii-.e, the animal and billuwe life wou'.d be the
beft. ' jiiterbury,

BETLLY. ». /. {balg, Dutch ; boU bela,

Welih.]
V. That part of the human body which

reaches from the brcaft to the thighs,

«OBtaining the bowels..

BEL

The body's memberi
KebeU'd againft tlie belly; thus accuk'J •(>-'
That only like a gulf it did remain,
Still cupboarding the viand, never bearing
Like labour with the reft. Shaietfeari.

2. In beafts, it is ufed, in general, for
that part of the body next the ground.

And the Lord faid unto the lerpcnt, Upon thy
belly ihalt thou go, and duft ihait thou eat, all the
divt of thy life. Gctief.u

3. I'he womb : in this fenfe, it is com-
monly ufed ludicroufly or familiarly.

I fiiall anlwi-r that better, than you can the
getting up of the negro's belly 1 the Moor is with
child by you. Shatejpeare.

The ferret is grown too big for the pretence,
like Mrs. Piimly's big btlJy. _ Cir.grcJi.

4. That part of man which requires food,
in oppofition to the back, or that which
demands clothes.

They were content with a licentious life, where-
in thi-y might fill their bellia by fpoil, rather than
by labnur. Hnyivard.

Whofe god ij their belly. Phil.

He that fows his grain upon marble, will have
many a hungry belly before harveft. jiriurhnot.

5. The part of any thing that fwells out
into a larger capacity.

Fortune fomctimes turneth the handle of the
bottle, which is cafy to be taken hold of; and
after the belly, which is hard to grafp. Bacon.

An Irifh harp hath the Concave, or brliy, not
along the ftrings, but at the end of the llrings.

Bacsn.

6. Any place in which fomething is ia-
dofed.

Out of the beify of hell cried I, and thou
heardell my voice. Jonab.

To Be'lly. "v. n. [from the noun.] To
fwell into a larger capacity } to hang
out ; to bulge out.

Thus by degrees day waftcs, figns ceafc to rife,
For bellying earth, flill rifing up, denies
Their light a palTage, and confines our eyes.

Creech's Manilius.

The pgw'r appeas'd, with winds fuffic'd the fail,

Tht. bellying canvas ftrutted with the gale. Dryden.

Loud rattling Ihakes the mountains and the plain,

Heav'n bellies downwards, and defcends in rain.

Dryden.

•Midft thefe difports, forget they not to drench

Thomfehes with bellying goblets. Fbilif>i.

Be'llyache. n.Jl Iftombelly Andacbe.]

The cholick ; or pai« in the bowels.
Be'llybound. aJj. [from belly and
bounii.] Difeafed, fo as to be coftive,
• and ftirunk in the belly.
Be'lly-frettinc. n./. [from billy and
fret.]

1. [With farriers.] The chafing of a
, horfe's belly with the foreglrt,

2. A great pain in a horfe's belly, caufed
by worms. Di3.

Be'llyful. «./ [from belly and_/a//.]

1. As much food as fills the belly, or fa-
tisfies the appetite.

2. It is often ufed ludicroufly for more
than enough ; thus. King James told
his fon that he would have his bellyful
of parliamentary impeachments.

Be'llycod. n.f. [from belly ind go J.I
A glutton ; one who makes a god of
his belly.

What Infinite wade they made this way, the
only ftory of Apicius, a famous bellygod, may fuf-
fice to (hew. Uskeviill.

Be'lly-pikched. adj. [from belly snd
pinab.] Starved.

BEL

Tbis night, Wherein the cubdriwn bear would
couch.
The lion and the brlly-pinched wolf
Kijpp their lur dry, uiibonnctted he runt. Slakefp,
Be'llyroll. n.f. [ftoiB belly and roll.]
A roll fo called, as it feemt, from en-
tering into the hollows.

They have two fmall harr^Nvs that they clap
on each fide of the ridge, and fo they harrow
right up and down, and roll it with a hiliyrcll, that
goes between the ridges when they have fown it.

M01 rimer.

Be'i.ly-timber. n.f. [from belly and
timber. "l Food ; materials to fupport the

belly.

Where belly -timber, above ground
Or under, was. not to be found. Ifudibras*

The ilrcngth of every other member
Is founded on your belly-limbir. Pricr,

Be'lly-worm. n. f. [from belly and
iL-orm.] A worm that breeds in the
belly.
Be'lm AN. n. f. [from bell and mafi.] He-
whofe bufinefs it is to proclaim any
thing in towns, and to gain attention
by ringing his bell.

It was the owl that (kriek'd, the fatal btlman
Which gives the fti^rn'ft good night. Shakefpeare^.
WhercTitian'sglowing paint tlie canvas warm'd.
Now hangs the belman'i fong, and palled here
Tile colour'd prints of Overton appear. Gaft

The belman u( each parilh, as he goes his cir-
cuit, cries out every night, Pali twelve o'clock.

Smft.
Be'lmetal. h. f. [from bell and metal.]
The metal of which bells are made, be-
ing a mixture of five parts copper with
one of pewter.

Belmetai has copper one thoufand pounds, tin
from three hundred to two hundred pounds, brafs
one hundred and fifty pounds. Sacc-u.

Colours which arife on bclmeul, when nieltci
and poured on the ground, in open ait, like the
colours of water bubbles, are changed by viewing
them at divers obliquities. Jfetcten.

To Be lo'c k. "j. a. [from be and loeL] To
fallen as with a lock.

This is the hand, which with a vov('d contraft
Was fart behck'd in thine. Shjieffeare.

Be'lomancy. n.f. [from ^^^ and ^a»-
1.i«.]

Beliirancy, or divination by arrows, hath been
in rcquf fl with Scytliians, Alan^, Germans, witli
the Africans and Turks of Airier.

Bro^vn''t yulgar Errcuru

To Belo'ng. 1). n. [belaitgea, Dutch.]

1 . To be the property of. '

To light on a part of a field belonging toSoaz.

Ruii.

2. To be the province or bufmefs of.

There is no need of luch redrefs ;
Or if there were, it not ielings to you. Shaielp,

The declaration of tbefc latent philofophers i*.
longs to another paper. BcyUw

To Jove the care of heav'n and earth belongs.

Drydtitm..

3. To adhere, or be appendant to.

He went into a dclart bthngir.g toBethfaida.

Luket

4. To have relation to.
To whom beiir.gejl thou ? whence art thou ?

I Samuel,

5. To be the quality or attributes of.

The faculties behnging to the fuprem- fpirit,
are uiiiimitcd and boundlefs, fitted and defigned
{')! infinite objecls. Cheync»

6. To be referred to ; to relate to.

He carcth for things that btUng to the Lord.

I Coriitb,

> ' Belo'veo,

I

I

BEL

Belo'ved. participle, [from belove, de-
rived of love. It is obfervable, that
though the participle be of \-cry frequent
ule, the -verb is feldomor never admit-
ted ; as we fay, you are much belo'ved
by me, but not, 1 ^elow you.] Loved ;
dear.

I think It is not me«t,
Mark Anthony, fo vwcU lulcv'd of Csfar,
Shiuld outlive Csefar. Shahfftarc.

In likcnefi of a dove
Tlie Spirit defcendeJ, while the Father's voice
From hcav'n pronounced hira his bilwed Son.

' Mil ion.
Belo'w. prep, [from he and lirvj.l
I . Under in place ; not fo high.

For all h;!irw the moon I would not leap. Shai.
He'll beat Aufidiui' head btlru) his knee,
And tread upon his neck. Shakejfiare.

z Inferiour in dignity.

The noble Venetians think themfelves cquil at
lead to tlic ekflors of the empire, and but one
degree hefinu kings. ^tldijoj!.

3. Inferiour in excellence.

His idylliumi of Theocritus are 35 much be-
Ivur bii Mauilius, as the fields are below the ftars.

Fdtnit.

4. Unworthy of; unbefitting.

'Tis much bctiiii me on his throne to fit ;
But when I do, you ihall petition it. Drydtv.

Belo'w. adv.

1. In the lower place ; in the place neareft
tlie centre.

To men (landing below on the ground, thofe
that be on the top of Paul's feem much lefs than
they are, and cannot be known j but, to men
above, thofe btlno feem nothing fo much IclTcned,
and may be knowna Saan.

The upper regions of the air perceive the col-
leflion of the matter of the temp«fts and winds
before the air here beltnv ; and therefore the ob-
fcuring of the fmallcr ftars, is n fign of tcmpeft
following. Saan.

His fultry beat infcAs the fky ;
The ground bclm'xi parcb'd, the heav'ns above us
fry. Drydir.

This faiH, he led the^ up the mountain's brow,
And ihew'd them all the Ciining 6dds bilt^-w.

Dry den.

2. On earth, in oppofition to heaven.

And let no tears from erring pity flow.
For one that's blefi'd atiove, immortaliz'd belnu.

Smith.
The fairefl child of Jove,
Btlno for ever fought, and bleft'd above. Prior.

3. In hefl ; in the regions of the dead :
oppofed to heaven and earth.

I'he giadfume ghotts in circling troops attend j
Delight to hover near, and long to know
What bus'nefs brought him to the realms bclnv.

Dryden.
When fufT'ring faints aloft in beams fliall glov.,
And prolp'com ttaiton gnaih their cecth btiimi.

Tiikill.

To Belo'wt. v. a. [from he, AnAlo-wt,

a word of contempt.] To tr£at with

opprobrious language ; tu call names.

Obfolete.

Sieur Claulard, when he heard a gentleman
Iff Oft, that at a fupper they had not only good
cbrcr, bat alf^ fivoury epigrams, and fine ana-
fami, returning hnme, rated and belnuud his
ccolt, as an ign )rant fcullion, that never drtircd
hira either epigrams or anagrams. Camdin.

BtLswA'oGEit. n. /. A cant word for a
wboremafter.

You are a charitable ^('//wtf^^rrj my wife cried

out fire, and you cnfA out for cnpini^s. Vrydfn.

Bti.T. n. /. [belr. Sax. bnltheus, Lat.]

A girdle ; a cinfture in which a fword,

or Some weapon, h commonly hung.

BEN

H« cannot buckle his diftcmperM eaufa
Within the btlt of rule. Shakefpeare.

Ajax (lew himfelf with the fword given him
by Heftor, and Hcftor was dragged about tile
walls of Troy by the bdt givien him by Ajax.

South.

Then fnatch'd theftiningic//,with gold inlaid ;

The brit Eur) tion's artful hands had made. Dryd,

Belwe'ther. n.f. [from W/ and av^/ier.]

A ihcep which leads the flock with a

bell on his neck.

The fox will ferve my fliecp to gather,
And drive to follow after their hrltuether. Spcnfer.

To.offcr to get your living by the copulation of
cattle ; to be a bawd to a htlibcthcr. Shalefjunn.

The flock of fljcep and bfkvcthir thinking to

• break into another's pafture, and being to pafs

over another bridge, julUed till both fill into the

ditch. Htnvtll.

To Bely'. > See Belie.

To BemaT). v. a. [from he s.ni.mad.'l To
make mad ; to turn the brain.

Making juft report.
Of how unnatural and bemadding ibrrow
The king hath c»ule to plain. Shaktffeart.

7'oBbmi'rb. V. a. [from he and mire.']
To drag of encumber in the mire ; to
foil by palling through dirty places.

Away they rode in homely fort.
Their journey long, their money ihort;
The loving couple well bimir^d i
The horfe and both the riders tir'd. Swift.

To Beuo'ak. V. a. [from To moan. "] To
lament ; to bewail ; to exprefs forrow
for.

He falls, he fills the houfc with heavy groans.
Implores their pity, and bis ^:k\n bernoam. Dyyden.

"The gods themfclves the ruin'd fcatS bertoanf
And blame the mifchiefs that themfclves have
done. Addifcn.

Bemo'aner. n. f. [from the verb.] A
lamenter ; the perfon that laments.

To Bemo'ck. v. a. [from mock.] To treat
with mocks.
Bcmock the modelt moon. Sbakejp/art.

To BsMofiL. V. a. [he, and tnoil, from
mouiller, Fr.] To bedraggle; to bemire;
to encumber with dirt and mire.

Thou fliouldft have heird in how miry a place,
how (he was iuntiUd, how kelefc her with the
horfe upon her. Stal.ffearc,

To Bemo'nster. f. a, [from ^<!and
monjier,'] To make moqllrous.

Thou chang'd and fclf-tonvcrted thing ! for
{hame,
Btmorjter not thy feature. Shakcfftari ,

Bemxj'sed. adj. [from To mu/e.'] Over-
come with mufingi dreaming ; a word
<)f contempt.

Is there a parftnjiiuch bemui'd in beer,
A maudlin poetefsj a rhiming peer ? " Pe/r.

BENCH, fi. /. [bene. Sax. banc. Fr.]
I. A feat, diflingoilhed from zjiool by Its
greater length.

The feats and bcnchu (hone of ivory,
An hundred nymphs fat fide by fide ab-)Ut. Spi^ffcr,

All Rome is plcas'U when Statius will rehcailc,
And longing crowds expeO the prorah'ij verfe ;
His lofty numbers with fo gi-eat a gull
They hear, and fwallow witli fuch eager lull i
But while the common fuft'rige crown'd hiscaufe,
And broke the brnchci with their loud applanfe.
His mufe had ftarv'd, had not a piece umead.
And by a player bought, fuppiy'd her bread. Dryd.

. A feat of juftice ; the feat where judges

fit:

To pluck down juftice from- your awful itnch ;
To trip the couifi yf Uw. , Skakijftjre,

B E N

Cyriae, whofe grandfire on the teyal tencb
Of Britiih Themis, with no mean applaufe,
Pronounc'd, and in his volumes taught our laws.
Which others at their bar fo often wrench. Milton.

3. The perfons fitting on a ^?«ir;6 ; as, the
whole bench voted the fame way.

Fools to^popular praife afpire
Of publick fpeecbes, which worfe fools admire 5
While, from both bmcbci, with redoubled founds,
Tb'applaufeoflirds and commoners abounds.Z)rjf(i.
To Bench, v. a, [from the noun.]

1 . To furnifh with benches.

'Twas h!r:ch'd with turf, and goodly to be fecn.
The thick young gmfs arofe in freflicr green. Dryd,

2. To feat upon a bench.

His cupbearer, whom I from meaner form
Have britch'd, and rear'd to wor(hip. Shahefpure. ■

Be'ncher. 71. /. [from bench.'] 'Thofe
gentlemen of the inns of court are called
benchers, who have been readers ; they
being admitted to plead within the bar,
are alfo called inner barrillers. The
benchers, being the feniors of the honfe, .
are intrufted with its government and
direftion, and out of them is a treafurer ■
yearly chofen. Blount. Chambers.

I was taking a walk in the gardens of Lincoln's
Inn ; a favour that is indulged me by fcveral
benchers, who arc grown old with me. Taller),

To BEND. V. a. pret. bsnded, or bent j
part. paff. bended, or bent, [benban, .
Saxon ; hander, Fr. as thinner thinks, .
from pandare, Lat.]

1. To make crooked ; tocrook; to inflefl.

The rainbow compaC'eth the heaven with a glo-
rious circle, and the hands of the Mod High hath
bended it. Ecelus.

They bend their bows, they wliirl their flings
around :
Heaps of fpent arrows fall, and drew the ground ;
And helms, and (hiclds, and rattling arms rulbund.

Dryden.

2. To dired to a certain point.

Oflavius and Mark Anthony
Came down upon us with a mighty power.
Bending their expedition tow'rd Philippi. Sbaktff,

Why duft thou bend thy eyes upon the earth.
And ftart fo often when thou fitt'ft alone ? Siak.

Your gracious eyes upon this labour bent. Ftirf,

To that fwcet region was our voyage hentf
When winds, and cv'ry warring element,
Difturb'd our courfc . Dry4">' ■

Then, with a rulhing found, th' atTembly ber,d
Diverfe tlieir (teps ; the rival Toat afcend
The royal dome. Pope.

3. To apply to a certain' purpofe ; to in^
tend the mind.

. Men will not ienj tht'ir w!t« to eitaraine, whetlic»

things, wherewith they have been accuftomcd, be

good or evil. Hooker.

He is within, with two right reverend fathers.

Divinely bent tu meditation. SiSakeffeaye.

When he fell into the gout, he was no longer

' able to hcnd liis mind or thoughts to any publick

b.ifu-.efs. Temple,

\. To put any thing in order for nfe : a
metaphor taken from bending the bow.

I'm fettled, and herd up
_Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. Shakefp.
As a fowler was ien.lirg his net, a blackbird
a(ked him what he vias doing ? L'EJIrange.

5., To incline. .

B jt when to mifchief mortals knd their will,
How focn they fir.d lit inftruroenrs of ill ! Pope.

6.. To fubdue ; to make fubmiffive : as,
war and famine will ienJ our enemies.
To bend the broiu.. To knit the brow }
to frown.

Some have been fcen to bite their pen, fcratch
their he»d, bend ihrir bro^wt, bite thcit lips, bsat
(he board, and tcai their pa^r> Camden.

TV

7-

B E CL

9. Tendency; flexion; particular direc-
tion.

The cxercifing the underftanding in tht feveril

• wijs of rcifjuing, teachtrh the mind fupplcnefs,

to apply itfelt" more dtxteroufly to hilts and turns

of the matter, in all its rrfcarches. LtiJLc,

10. A ftalk of grafs, called btnt-graji. •
Hit fpcir, a btnt both ftiff aud ftrong.

And well near of two inches long ;

The pile wis of a horfe-fly'j tongue,

Whofe fliarpnefs nought reverfed. Drayt. Njnfh.

Then the flowers of the vines j it is a little
duft, lilce the duft of a tent, which grows upon the
.dulier, ia the firft coming f JiUi. Batc'i M-ffay.

June is drawn in a nuntle of dark ^rafs-^reen,
upon his head a garland of htnti, kingtops, and
maidenhair. Pfachaih.

JLb'nting Time, [from icrf.] The time
when pigeons feed on bents before peas
2re ripe.

{bte ttnriirg times, and moulting months, may
come.
When, lagging late, they cinnot rtach their home.

Drydcn,

7a Benu'm. v. a. [benumen, Saxon.] '

1. To make torpid ; to take away the
fcnfation and ufe of any part by cold,
or by fome ob'ftruflion.

So itings a fnakc that to the fire Ts brought.
Which harmlcfs by, witli cold ienumm'J, before.

Fairfax,
, The winds Mow moill and keen, which bid;

us feek 1

Some better fliroud, fome better warmth, to cKpriHi
Our limbs henumm'd. Mj/lm,

My Hnews llackcn, and an ic^ ftiflhefs
£cnums my blood. Dinham,

It fcizcs upon the vitals, and l>atums the fenfes;
ap4 where there is no fehfe, there can be no pain.
'■■■"' -..'.- Sialb.

WHI thsy be the lefs dangerous, when warmth
Aall bring them to themfehcs, becaufe they were
once frazcn and henuirrr.:d with cold ? L" Efirange^

2. To ftupify. ' ■

Thefe afceiits were her laft : the creeping death
BimHimi'd her fenfes firft, then ftopp'd her breath.

Urydin.

Benzo'in. »./. A medicinal kind of re-
fin imported from the Eaft Indies, and
vulgarly called benjamin. It is procured
by making an incifion in a tree, whole
leaves referable thofeof the lemon-tree.
The beft comes from Siam, and is call-
ed amygdaUides, being interfperfed with
white fpots, refembling broken almonds.
Tre'voux. Chambers.
The liquor we have diOiUed from henxoin, is
fubjefl to frequent viciffiludes of fluidity and
firmnefs. Boyle.

Benzoin Tree. See Benjamin Tree.
To Bepa'int. *, a. [from /«/»/.] To
cover with paint. - -

Thou know'ft, the raafk of night is on my face,
Slfe would a maiden bluOi hefa'mt my cheek. Shat.

ffo Bepi'nch. 'V. a. [from pinch.'^ To
mark with pinches.

In their fides, arms, Ihoulders, all hrpincht,
Kan thick the weals, red with blood, ready to iiait
out. Chapman.

IToBepi'ss. 1'. «. [from ///j.] T,o wet
with, urine. .._, ,

One caufed, at a feaft, » bagpipe to be fizyii,
which made the knight itpift hlmfelf, to- the great
diversion of all then prefcnt, at well as confufion
of himfelf. Dirbam,

To BEQUE'ATH. -v. a. [cpi=Se, Sax, 4
will.] To leave by will to another.

She had never been difmhcritcd of that goodly
j>ortion, which nature had fo liberally bequtctttd
to her, Siiinry.

B E R

I Ijt *• chaofe executor!, an4 talk of willk (

* And yet not fo— for what can we bf^uearb,

' Save our depofcd bodies to the ground ! libahfp.

I My father iejuealhed me by will but a poor thou-

fand crowns. Siah/feart.

Methinks this age feems refolved to bequca:h

pofterity fomewhat to remember ic GItmvHU.

For you, whom bed I love and value molt,
But to youf feivice i befueaib my ghod.

Drydtit's Fablei.

Beque'athment. n./, [from bequeath.']
A legacy. DiS,

Beqjje'st. n.f. [from bequtatb.l Some-
thing Kft by will ; a legacy.
He claimed the crown to himfelf j pretending

I an adoption, or bequefi, Of the kingdom unto him

' by the Confcfl'or. Halt.

■To Bera'ttLS. "». «. [horn rattle.'] To
fill with noife ; to make a noife at in
contempt.

Thefejire now the fafhion, and fo btrattle the

common ftages, fo they .call them, that many wear-

' ing rapiers are afraid of goofequUlsi and dare

j fcarce come thither. Shakejftarc.

Be'rberrv. ». /. [berberisi fometimes
written barberry, which fee.l A berry
of a Ibarp taile, ufed for pickles.

Some never ripen to be fwcet, as tamarinds,
herhirriei, crabs, llo;s, Eff. Bacon's Nat. Hiji,

To BERS'AyE, 1'. ,». prtter. / bereaved,
'■ or bereft ; part. beref{^ [be]\eoj:ian. Sax-

. Oo,-].'f,„ •. ■ ■ '.. , ,^-
I. To ftrip of; to deprive of. It has ge-

' nerally the particle of before the thing
taken away. ;

Madam, you have bereft me o/'all words.
Only my blood fpcaks to you in my veins. ?ikak.

That when thou com*ft to kneel jt Henry's feet.
Thou may'ft bereave him o/'his wits with wonder.
I ^hakejftate.

I ' There was never-* prince ifrw»f</o/ his depen-
jdencies by his' council, except there hath been au
ovcrgreacnefs in one counfellor. Bacon's Effays.

Tht: facrc^ prieiU with ready knives bereave
rrhc beafts ^ Ut'el Drydin.

T* deprive us of metals, is to make us mere
favagcs j it is to bereave us c/'all arts and fcicnccs,
of hiltory and' letters, nay of rc\'ealeJ religion
too, that ineftimabte favour of Heaven.

Benfley't Sermsns.

2.1 Sometinies It is tifed' Without ^.

- ' , , . Bereave me not,
Whfcreon 1 live t thyjentle looks, thy*id, ' '
Thy cnunfeli in this uttcrmoU diftrc6.' JtSlim,

3. To take away from. : , .. ■ . l (

All your interci^jin.thofe' territories • . .,
Is utterly icrefi you, all is loH. Sf'ahffeare,

B E R e''a V KM E N T» tuf. -{from bcreave.'J'De-
privatioh. ' ' ' ' , " D/S

Bbre'f.-5. partfp'ajf. 6{ bereave.

The chief pr.either fide bcnfi.oi l:i
Or yielded to the foe, concludes the fttife.

Dryi.

Berg; SceBuRROW.

Be'rcamO-T. ».y; [bergamttte, Fr.]'

I. A fort of pear, commonly called bur^
gamot. . See P s a r . ,

2. 1 A fort of effence, or perfume, drawn
from a fruit produced by ingrafting a
lenion^tree on a bergamot pear rtock.

3. iA fort of fbuff, iirhich is only cleart to-
bacco, with a little of the eflence'rub-

• ied intb'it. ' ■ ' ' . •;'/ . '",

Be'rg.mas TER. ».'/ [froitl beps.Sax.aud
majier.] The bailiff, or chief officer,
among the Derbyfhire ininers.

Be'rcmote. «./. .[of bepj, a mountain,
and mot4, u: mevting, S»xon.]' A'ilourt

B E R

• held upon a hill for deciding contr».
verfiei among the Derby fliire miners.

Bleuttt.

ToBbrhy'me. v. a. [from rhyme] To
mention in rhyme, or verfes : a word
of contempt.

Now is he for' the numbert that Eetrat^
flow'J in : Laura to his lady was but a kitctien-
wench ; marry, Ihc had a better lore to berbyme
her. Sbaktjpean.

I fought no homage from the race that write ;
I kept, like Afian monarclis, from their fight*.
Poems I heeded , now tcrhym'd fo long.
No more than thou, great George \ a birthdav

1 fong. P^pr.

Beri-i'.v. n.f. [from Berlin, the city
where they were iirll made.] A coach oV
j a particular form.

Beware of Latifwauthors all '.
Nor think your verfes ftcrling,

Though with a golden pen yo« fcrawl,
j And fcribble in a ht-l'm. Swifii

BERME. tt.f [Fr. in fortification.] A
t fpace of ground three, four, or five feet
wide, left without, between the loot of
', the rampart and the fide of the mote,
\ to prevent the earth from falling down
. into the mote ; fometimes palifadoed.

tlsrris.
Te Bero'b. v. a. [froin rob,] To rob ; to
I plunder ;' to wrong any, by taking away
' foniething from him by ttealth or vio-
lence. Not ufed.

She fald, ah deareft lord ! what evil ftar
On you hath frown'd, and pour'd his influence bad,
That of yourlelf you thus btrebbed art ? f'tthy ^

BE'RRY. n.f. [l«iuj. Sax. from bepan,
to bear.] Any fmall fruit, with many
feeds or fmall ftones.
She fmotc the ground, the wjiich ftraight forth
■ did yield
A fruitful olive tree, *vith berries SptatA,
That all the gods admir'd. Spenjer.,

; The llawberry grows underneath the netue.
And wholelomc l-jrries thrive and ripen beft,-
Neighbour'd by frv'.t of bafeft quality. Shaiefp,

To Be'rry. f. n. [from the noun.] To
bear berries.

Bsrry-bkarino Cedar, [ce.'/rus bacci~
fern, Lat.] The leaves 'are fquamofe,
fomewhat like thofe of the cyprefs. Th,e
k'atkins; or male flowers, are produced
at remote dillanc^s from the fruit on
the fame tree. The fruit is a berry,
inclofrng three hard feeds in each. The

■ ivood is of great ufe in the Levant, is

-' large timber, and may be thouglu the
fhiitim-wood meutioned in the Scrip,
hire, of which many of the ornaments •
to the famous teniple of Sdomon were '' '
made: '^■"■1 ./?■•'•'■ ; ; i Miller.^-

BERRy-BEARiNO, OrtLch: Sec Mdl-

PERK V BLICKj*. . .

Ber-j', is thefamp with our bright; in
theLatin, illufiris and darus. So E.birt,
eiermilly famous or bright ; Sigberi , famous
■ ' eenquercr. And the who was termed by
the Gcrrhans Bertha, was fey the Greeks
called £ wi'v/rf, a,s is Qbfervcd 'by Lint'
frrfliiii'iis. ■ Of tKe'fame fort were thefe,
rhecJruSy EfipiSaKius, Photius, Lampri-
' dtiis, Fulgfiitius, Jllufirii.

■ ' ' Gibfon's CarttdiH.

BsfiTU. »./. (with failors.J See Birth.

B^'rtram.

e E S

"fcB'jtTRAM. «./. [pyretl^rum.'Ltit.'] Afort
of herb, called alfo baftard pellltory.

.Be'ryl. «. /. [berjllus, Lat.] A kind of
precious ftone.

May thy b':U<»trs roul.a(bore
The beryl and the golden ore. Viltoti.

The beryl of our lay .daries is only a fine <qrt ofj
cornelian, of a more deep bright red, fometimes-
with a caft of yellow, and more tranfparent than
the common cornelian. • H^indirard,.

To Bescre'en. i;. a. [irom fireen.] To
cover with a fcreen j to flielter ; to con-
ceal.

What man art thou, that thus befcreen'J in night,
So ftumbleft on my counfcl } Statejfedre.

To Bese'ech. t. a. pret. I btfougbt, I
have be/ought, [from j-ecan. Sax. ver-
Jbtken, Dutch.]

1 . To entreat ; to fuppHcate ; to implore :
fometimes before a perfon.

I heUub you, Sir, pardon me; it is only a letter
from my brother, that I have not all over-read.

Shakej^eare,

I btfeefb thee for my fon Onefimus, whom I
have begotten in my bonds. fhiUmnr., lo.

1, in the anguiflj of my heart, hejeich you
To quit the dreadful purpofc of your foul. jidJiJtn.

2. To beg ; to alk : before a thing.

But Eve fell humble, and te/ougbt
His peace, and thus proceeded in her plaint. Mihati.
Before I come to them, I befeecb your patience,
whim 1 fpeak fomething to ourtljves here prefent.

Sprait.
TV Bese'em. I/, n. [beziemen, Dutch.] To
become ; to be fit ; to be decent for.

What form of fpeech, or behaviour, bejumftb
us in our prayers to Almighty God ? liotkcrm

This overfight
Stfeani thee QOt, in witom fuch virtues fpring.

FaWfax,
Verona's ancitot citizens
Caft by their brave bejteming ornamcnti. Sbnlftff.

What thoughts he had, beftemt not me to fay j
Thaugh feme funnitc he went to faft and pray.

Drydenti

Be s e'en, part'uip. [from btjie. Skinner.
This word I have only found in Spenjir.]
Ad<-ipted; adjufted; becoming.

Forth came xhn ancient k)rd and aged queen,
Armed In antique robes down to the ground.
And fad habiliments right well bejeen. Fairy ^

Tc B t s e't. f . a. prct. I i^tt ; 1 have ie/tt.

[b>ip«an. Sax.]
I. To befie^e ; to hem in; to inclofe; as
with a fiege.

Fellow hjm that's fled ;
The thicket is bifii, he cannot 'fcape. Shakejpeari,

Now, Cxfar, let thy troops bejel our gates.
And bar each avenue

Catpilball opC}! to h:mfelf a palTagc. jfJdifiit.,

I know thou look'ft on me as on a wretch [

Bejet 'nith ills, and covct'd with misfortunes. |

Z. To waylay ; to furround.

Draw forth thy weapon, we 're befel with thieves ;
Refcue thy miftrefs. Stjieffeare

The only righteous in a world pervcrfe.
And thcirfore hated, therefor* (o bejel
With foes, for daring fingle to be juft. Millon

True fortitude I^ake ta be the quiet poileirioi
of a man's frlf, and an undifturbcd doing bis duty
whatever evil hei'm^ rrt dangerlies in his way. Locke^

3. To erabarrafs ; to perplex; to entangle
without anv means of efcape.

' Now, daugfiterSjIvia, you arc hard btjet. SJvH
Thus Adiun, toeelejel, rcpljr'd. .Mil'int

Sure, or I r-ad her vifage much wnifs^

Or grief b'/eis b«r hard. Kituc,

We be in this /world Ar/rr with Ciadry uncafu

n-iflis, diftrafled withidiffcicnt dcfjrcs. Lickt,

4. ToiiU upon; to kuais. Not ufed. •
..Voi-J,

But they him fpying, both with greedy fprce
At once upon him ran, and him befet
With ftrokes of mortal ihel. Fairy flueen.

To Beshre'w. 1/. a, [The original of
, this word is fomewhat obfcure : as it
evidently implies to nmjh ill, fome derive
it from hefchryen. Germ, to enchant.
Topjil, in his Book of Animah, deduces
it from thej<&rra; maufe, an animal, fays
he, fo poifonous, that its bite is a fe-
vere curfe. A Jbteiu likewife fignifies
a fcolding woman ; but its origin is not
known.]

1. To wifli a curfe to.

Nay, quoth the cock, but I befirtv) us both,
If I believe a faint upon his oath. DrydeiCt Fables.

2. To happen ill to.

BeShrtvi thee,coulin, which did'ft l?ad me forth
Of thatfwcet way 1 was in to defpair. Shokejpearc.

Now much i^rcw my manners, and my pride.
If Hermia meant to fay Lyfander lied. Shakefpeare.

Bes/di. ) rj-^^jj, ^^ and/./f.]

Besi des. ^ f t I. J i

1 . At the fide of another ; near.

Btjide the hearfc a fruitful palmtree grows,
Ennobled fince by tMs great funeral. Fairfax.
He caufed me to fit down befide him. Bacon.
At his right hand, Viftory
Sat eagle-wing'd : be/ije him hung his bow. Miltai.

Fair Lavinia fled the fire
Before the gods, and Aood bejide her fire. Vryden.

Fair is the kingcup that in meadow blows;
Fair is the daify that hefde her grows. Cay.

Now under hanging mountainsj
Bifide the falls of founta'uss.
Unheard, unknown.
He makes his moan* Pope.

2. Over and above.

Doubtlefs, in man there is a nature found,
Bejide thefenfes, and above them far. SirJ.Davies.

In brutes, brjidei the excrcife of fenfitive percep-
tion and imagination, - there are lodged iqftindts
antecedent to their imaginative faculty. Hale.

We may be fure there were great numbers of
wife and learned men, bejide thoie whofe names are
in theChriftian records, who touk care to examine
ourSaviour^s hiilory. j^ddijott onCbri/i. Religion.

Precepts of morality, bepdes the natural corrup-
tion of our tempers, are abftra£tcd from ideas of
fenfe. J^ddifon.

3. Not according to, though not contrary ;
as we fay, fome things are beJiJe nature,
fome are contrary to nature.

The Stoicks did hold a ncccHary connexion of

caufes; but they believed, that God doth adl

praur (S^ centra rtatur^mf pcfiJes zad againft na-^

ture.' Bramhalll

To fay a thing is a chance, as it relates to fecond

caofcs, ngnifics no more, than that there are fom4

events bejide the knowledge, purpofc, expectation,

am) power of fecond caufcs. South.

, Providence often difpofcs of things by a method

I b^idcy and above, the difcovcric:) of man's reafon. '

S'mth\

It is ^r^f my .prefent bafinefs to enlarge upon

thi* (peculatiurti LockA

4. Out of; in a ftate of deviating from. I

You arc too wilful blame, 1

And, itnce your coajunj; here, have done .

Enough to put him v^ixK^ btjide hi.? oatiencc. ^kal^

i)i yagabonds we fa^, I

"That thty are ne'er btfide thcl5 way. , Hitdikras,

Thcfc may. fervc aq landn^arks, ,to /hcw,wha|

lies in tlic di|;e^ ^ay of truth, or is quite bejid^

it. ivfc,

5. Before a. reciprocal pronoun, out of J
a^, htfide htmjeif; out of the order of ra*
tional beings ; out of his wits. !

Tliey be canicJ bejidft themfeli'CSf to whom the
dignlty.ofpul'lick prayer doth not difrover (bmcp
what moxc fitoefs in men of gravity, than m chil^

B E S

Only bcjiatient, till we have appeas'd
The multitude, bejide themfel-ves with fear. Shak.
-Feftus faid with a loud voice, Paul, thou art befide
ihyfrlfi much learjiing^doth make thee mad. ^l^t»
BeSi'dE. 7 J

Besi des. J '^

1 . lylote than that ; over and above.

If Cadio do remain.
He hath a daily beauty in his life.
That makes me ugly ; and, bejides, the Moor
May unfold me to him ; there ftand I in peril.

Shakijpeere,

Bejides, you know not, while you here attend,
Th' unworthy fate of your unhappy friend. Dryd.

That man that doth not know thnfe things,
which are of necefiity for him to know, is but an
ignorant man, whatever he may know befidcs.

Tillotfon,

Some wonder, that t(ic Turk never attacks thii
trealury. But, bejides that he has attempted it for-
merly with no fuccefs, it is ceruin the Venetians
keep too watchful an eye. Mdifon.

2. Not in this number ; out of this clafs ;
not included here.

The men £iid unto I.ot, HjUl thou here any be-
fides f Gevijii.

Outlaws and robbers, who break with all the
world bejides, muil keep faith among themfelves.

L9cke%

All that we feel of it, begins and ends
In the fmall circle of our foei or friends;
To all bejide as much an empty fliade.
An Eugene living, as a Cefar dead. Poftm

And dead, as living, 'tis our author's pride
Still to charm thofe who charm the world befide.

Pope.

Besi'dery. n. f. A fpecies of pear. '
To Besi'ece. v. a. \_(vom Jiigi.'\ To be-
leaguer ; to lay fiege to ; to befet with
armed forces ; to endeavour to win a
town or fortrefs, by furrounding it with
an army, and forcing the defendants,
either by violence or famine, to give
admifTion;

And he (hall bejiege thee in all thy gates, until thy
high and fenced walls come down. Deuteronomy.

The queen, with all the northern earls and lords.
Intends here to befiege you in your ciMt. Shakefp.
Besi'eger. n. /. [from befiege.] One
employed in a fiege.

There is hardly a town taken, in the common
forms, where the befiegers have not the worfe of
the bargain. Swift.

To Beslu'bber. v. a. [from JIubber.}
To dawb ; to fmear.

He perfuaded us to tickle our nofes with fpear-
grafs, and make them bleed ; and then bejiubber
oiir garments witli it, and fwear it was the blood
of true men. Shakejpeare.

To Besme'ar. v. a. [from y5»Mr.]

1 . To bedawb ; to overfpread with fome«
thing that flicks on. ""

He lay as in a dream of deep delight,
B,-fmear'd\v\lh precious balm, whofe virtuous might
ViA heal his wounds. Fairy Slueen.

That face of his 1 do remember wf 1! ;
Vet when I faw it lafl, it was befmear'd
As black as Vulcan. Sbakefpeari.

Firft Moloch, horrid king ! befmear'd with blood
Ofhumanfacrificc, and parents tears, Parad.Loft.

Her fainting hand let fall the fword, bcfmeari
With blood. Denbam.

Her gulhi'ng blood the pavement all befmear^d.

Drydeih

2. To foil ; to foul.

Mylhonour would not let ingratitude
• So much befmear it. Sbakefpeare.

To Besm i'rch.v. a. To foil ; todifcolour.
Not in ufe,

Pcrh-ips he loves you row.
And now no foil of cautel doth befmireb
the 'v'trtue of his wi H . Skaiefprar c.

' ■ •• ■ •*« - OftC

B E S

Our giyner< ami our gilt arc all it/mircfi
With rainy marching in the painful field. Shai,

To Besmo'ke. f. n. [fiom/moie.l

1. To foul with fmoke.

2. To harden or dry in fmbke.

Te Bbsmu't. v. a. [from /ntut.) To

blacken with fmoke or foot.
Be'som. ». / [b€j-m, btf)-ma. Sax.] An

inllrument to fweep with.

Bacon commended an old man that fold tefomt :
a proud young fellow came to him for a be/cm upon
truft J the old man faid. Borrow of thy back and
belly, they will never alk thee again ; 1 ihall dun
diee every day. Sacin.

I will fweep !t with the itfim of deftrudion,
faith the Lord of bofis. IJaiah, xiv. si..

fcBESo'RT. -v. a. [fromy»r/.] To fuit;
to fit; to become.

Such men a« may iefirt your age,
And know thcmfelves and you. Sbokejteare,

Beso'rt. a. /. [from the verb.] Com-
pany; attendance; train.

I crave fit difp )fition for my wife.
With fucb accommodation and befirtf
As levels with her breeding. Sbahffiare,

7i Beso't. v. a. [from_^/.]

1. To infatuate ; to (lupify ; to dull ; to
take away the fenfes.

Swinifh gluttony
Ne'er looki to heav'n amidft his gorgeous feaft,
Sut, with htfotud bafe ingratitude.
Crams, and biafphemes hit feeder. Mihtn,

Or fools hijatttd with their crimes.
That know nut how to ihift betimes. HuJiirai.

He is tiJilleJ, and has loft h:s reafun ; and what
then can there be for religioa to take hold of him
by ? South.

2. To make to doat, with on. Not much
nfed.

Paris, you fpeak
Like one tefittej » your fweet delights. Sbakiff.

Truft not thy beauty ; but rellore the prize
Which he, hjoiiid an that face and eyes,
Would rend from uj. Dryden.

Beso'ught. [freteritt 3ni part. pajhie of
bejtecb ; which fee.]

Haften to appeafe
Th* incenfed Father, and th' incenfed Son,
Wbike pardon may be found, in time tefetght.

milieu.
?« B E SF a'n c l e . i;. o. [ from fpangU. ] To
adorn with fpangles^ (o befprinkle with
ibmeUong fiiioing.

Not Berenice's locks firft rofe fo bright,
The heav'nsj,^a|;yi»j with diflievell'd light. Ptft,
Vo Bespa'tter. <v. a. \ixovaJpatter.'\
J. 1 0 foil by throwing filth; to fpot or
fprinkle with dirt or water.

Thofe who will not take vice in(« their bofoms,
ftall yet have it kijftttcr their faces.

Cwtrnment of thaiTangue.

His weajMns are the fame »hich women and
children ule ; a pin to fcratch, and a fquitt to ^i:-
fitatler. Sviift.

2. To afperfe with reproach.

Fair B.it.iin, in the monaich bleft
Whom never faflion culd beifatttr. Sivift
To Beipa'wl. i». a. [from_/^«a»;/.] To

dawb with fpittle.
Te Besfk'ak. 1/. a. he/poke, or he/pake; 1

ha.vs he/poke, or he/poken. [frvrafpeak.l
1. To order, or entreat any thing be-
forehand, or againft a future time.

If you will marry, make your loves to me;
My lady is hiffokt. Shakefftare

Here is the cap your worrtiip did btjfiai. Shak.

Wiien Baboon came to Strutt's eftarc, his tradi f-
nen wilted upon him to^r/^.c/thiscullom. Ariuii.

A heavy wr'tcr was to be encouraged, and ac-
cosdingiy many tboufaod cofics wue^^oAirt Svijfi'

B E S

a. To make way by a previous apology.

My preface looks as if 1 were afraid of my
reader, by fo tedious a bt/feaiing of him. Dryjtit.

3. To forbode ; to tell fofflething before-
hand.

They ftarted fears, btffoki dangers, and formed
ominous prognollicks, in order to (care the allies.

Swift.

4. To fpeak to ; to addrefs. This fenfe
is chiefly poetical.

With hearty words her knight (he 'gan to cheer,
And, in her modeft manner, thus be/fake.
Dear knight. Fairy Sluein.

At length with indignation thus he broke
His awful filence, and the powers beffckt. Dryden.

Then Raring on her with a ghaftly look.
And hollow voice, he thus the queen biJpoke.Dryd.

5 . To betoken ; to fliow.

When the abbot of St. Martin was born, he
had fo little of tlje figure of a man, that it beffokc
him rather a monfter. Locke.

He has difpatch'd me hence.
With orders that be/peak a mind compos'd. jiddij.

Bespe'aker. n. /. [from ie/peak.} He
that befpeaks any thing.

They mean not with love to the be/f taker of
the work, but delight in the work itfelf. f^'otun.

To Bespe'ckle. -v. a. \iromfpeckk.'\ To

mark with fpeckles, or fpots.
To Bespe'w. f. a. [from^nv.] To dawb

with fpew or vomit.
To Bespi'ce. 1). a. [{romfpict.l Tofeafon

with fpices.

Thou might'ft Itjpke a cup

To give mine enemy a lading wink. Stakeffeare.
To Bespi't. f. a. I ie/pat, or befpit ; I

have be/pit, or befpitten. [from^/V.] To

dawb with fpittle.
Bespo'ke. \irreg. particip. from be/peak ;

which fee.]
T^Bespo't. v. a. [fromjpot.] To mark

with fpots.

Mildew refts on the wheat, brfpctt'mg the ftalks

with a different colour from the natural. Mirimir.

To Bespre'ad. w. a. preter. bejpread ;

part. pafl". befpread. [from Jjpread.'] To

fpread over ; to cover over.

His nuptial bed,

With curious needles wrought, and painted

flowers be/freed. Drydin.

The globe is equally befpread i fo that no place

wants proper inhabitants. Derbam.

To Bespri'nkle. v. a. [from ^r/n^/«.]
To fprinkle over ; to fcatter over.

Herodotus imitating the father poet, whofe life
he had written, hath btffrinUid his ;Vork with
many fabulofities. Brvwn.

A purple flood
Flows from the trunk, that welters in the Mood :
The bed befprmkles, and bedews the ground. Dryd.

To Bespu'tter. "v. a. {horn/putter.] To
fputter over fomethiug ; to dawb any
thing by fputtering, or throwing out
fpittle upon it.

BtST. adj. ihe/uferlati've-fromgood.[htT,
betepa, betp:, good, better, beft,
Saxon.]

I. Moll good; that which has good qua-
lities in the higheft degree.

And he will take your fields, even the bejl of
them, and give them to hiis fervants. i 5flm.viii.14.

When the bijf things are not polUblc, the irji
may be made of thofe that are. lluker.

When he is icjl, he is little more than a man )
and when he is worft, he is little better than a
beaft. Shaiefpmre.

1 think it a good argument to fay, the infin't ly
wife God hath made it (0, and therefore it is biji.
But it i« too much c«B&deacc 9t «v>r owa wifdow,

B E S

to fay, I thiolc it heft, and therefore Cod bMh

made it fo. Lacke.

An evil intention perverts the hefi adions, and

makes them fins. jidJife*,

2. Thebefi. The utmoft power; the ftrong-
eft endeavour ; the moft j the higheft
perfeftion.

I profefs not talking: only this.

Let each man do his befl. Shaktfptan,

The duke did his be^ to come down. Bacon.

He docs this to the befi of his power. Locke.

My friend, faid he, our fport is at the btft, Addif.

3. To make the beft. To carry to its
greatcft perfeAion ; to improve to the
utmofl.

Let there be freedom to carry their commodities
where they may make the hefi of them, except there
be fome fpecial caufe of caution. Bacon.

His father left him an hundred drachmas ; Al-
nafchar, in order to make the bifi of it, laid it out
in glafles. Addifon,

We fet fail, and made the btf of our way, till we
were forced, by contrary winds, into St. Remo.

Addifon,

BzsT, ad'v. [fromttv//.] In the higheft de-
gree of goodnefs.

He Ihall dwell in that place which he fiiall choole,
in one of thy gates, where it liketh him btfl.

Dew. xxiii. i6«

Best is fometimes ufed in compofition.

Thefe latter hrfi-be truft fpics had fome of them
further inllruflions, to draw oft" the bsft friends
and fervants of Perkin, by making remonftranccs
to them, how weakly his euterprize and hopes
were built. Bacon.

By this law of loving even our enemies, the
chriftian religion difcovers itfelf to be the moll ge-
nerous and bcft-natured inflitution that ever was ia
the world. TiHotfon,

ToBesta'in. -v. a. [fromy?a/«.] To mark
with ftains ; to fpot.

We will not line his thin befiained cloke
With our pure honours. Sbaktfpeare.

To Beste'ad. 'V. a. I bejied ; I have
befted. [fiom ftead.'\

1 . To profit.

Hence, vain deluding joys!
The brood of folly, without father bttd;

How little you befttad.
Or fill the fixed mind with al| your toys ! Millon.

2. To treat ; to accommodate. This
(hould rather be befted.

They flia.l pafs through it hardly befiead, and
hungry. Ifaiab.

Be'stial. adj. [from beaft.'}

1. Belonging to a beaft, or to the clafs of
beafts.

His wild diforder'd walk, his haggard eye«.
Did all the Af^W citizens furprize. Dryden.

2. Having the qualities of beafts ; brutal ;
below the dignity of reafon or humani-
ty ; carnal.

I have loft the immortal part of myfelf, aid
what rejnains is hrftial. Sbakeffeare' 1 Oibelht

Moreover urge his hateful luxury.
And biftial appetite, in change of luft. Sbakefp,

For thofe, the race of.Ifracl oft forfook
Their living ftrength, and unfrequented left
His righteous altar, bowing lowly down
To beftial gods. Mi/ton,

The things promlfed arc not grofs and carnal,
fuch as may court and gratify the moft biftial part
of us. Decay of Piety.

Bestia'hty. n. /. [from beftial.] The
quality of beafts; degeneracy from hu-
man nature.

What can be a greater abfurdity, than to aflSmn
beftiality to be the eflcnce of humanity, and dark-

' nefs th« center of light i , , , ,

jbbulbM find Fope'i Mart. Scnil.

Be'sxjaLly.

B E S

BE'sTIAUtV. adv. [from iejlinl.] Bru-
tally ; in a manner below humanity.

To Besti'ck. -v. a. preter. I beftuck \ I
\\^st befiuck. [from_/?/V^.] To iHck over
with any thing ; to mark any thing by
infixing points or pots hero and there.

Truth (liall retire,
Jicjiuck with flanderous d^rts ; ^nd works of faith
Rarely to be found. Milton,

To Besti'r. a». a. [fromy?i>.]

1. To put into vigorous aftion. It is
feldom ufed otherwife than with the re-
ciprocal pronoun.

As when men wont to watch
On duty, deeping found by whom they dread,
Rouze and btjlir thmjtl-va ere well awake. Milton.

Bijiirt ber [hen, and from each tender ftalk
Whatever earth, all-bearing mother, yields,
She gathers. Miltcn.

But, as a dog that turns the fpit,
BtJIiri hbnfilf, and plies his feet
To climb the wheel, but all in vain.
Hit own weight brings him down again. Hudiiras.

What aileth them, that they muft needs iiflir
themfeliut to get in air, to maintain the creature's
life » _ Ray.

2. It is ufed by Sbakeffeart with a common
word.

I am fcarce in breath, my lord.— No marvel
yoo have fo h/fiirrid your valour, you cowardly
rafcal ! Sbakcjftart.

To BESTO'Wi f. a. {befieden, Dutch.]

1. To give; to confer upon: commonly
with upon.

All men would willingly have yielded him
p»ife ; but hit nature was fuch ai to btftno it
ufon himfelf, before any could give it. Sidney.

All the dedicated things of the houfe of the Lord
did they beft/ta upon Baalim. 2 Cbriinulei, xj\y. 7.

2. Sometimes with to.

Sir Julius Carfar had, in his office, the difpofition
of the fix clerks places j which he had beflnoid ta
fuch perfons as he thought lit. Ciareitdon.

3. To give as charity or bounty.

Our Saviour dnch plainly witncfs, that there
fliould not be as much as a cup of cold water be-
p-jyird for his fake, without reward. Hxkir.

And though he was unfatisficd in getting.
Which was a fin ; yet in bcfl<Aving, maJam,
He was naoH princely. Sbaitffeare.

Spain to your gift alone her Indies owes ;
For what the powerful takes not, he bejliwt. Dry J,

You always exceed expectations : as if yours
was not your own, but to bejlnv on wanting merit.

Dryden.

4. To give iH marriage.

Good rev'rcnd father, make my perfon yours ;
And tell me how you would i^«v yourfelf. Shak.

I could have bc/lo-wtJ her upon a fine gentle-
man, who extremely admired her. TuiUi,

5. To give as a prefent.

Pure oil and incenfe on the fire they throw,
And fat of vidtims which his friends brflov). Dryd.

6. To apply.

The fea was not the duke of Marlborough's
element j otherwife the whole force of the war
woul J infallibly ha\e been bfjimttd there. Sivift.

7. To layout upon.

And thou ihalt brjino that money for whatfoever
thy foul luileth after, for oxen, flieep, or for wine.

Devt, xiv, 16.
S. Td lay up ; to (low ; to place.

And when he came t'j the Tower, he took thcin
from their h.ind, and btji'^ived them in the lioufe.
2 Kitjirij V. 24.

Besto'wer. ff.y; [from be/}o--M.] (3iver ;
he that confers any thing ; difpofer.

They all agree in making one foprcme God ;
•nd that there are fevcral beings that are to be
worrtiipped under him 5 (nmt ai the brjli/tveri ot
tlsanet, but fubordinate to the Svpnme. StiUin^JI.

BET

Best R a'u g h t. particip. [Of this fartkt-
ph I have not found the verb ; by ana-
logy we may derive it from beftraH ; per-
haps it is corrupted from diftraught .^
Di drafted ; mad ; out of one's fenfes ;
out of one's wits.

Alk Marian, the fat afewifc, if ihe knew me

not. What ! I am not hejiraugbt. Shakefpearr.

7ff Best re'w. m. a. particip. pafl". bcjireij-

ed, or beftroivn. [frora_y?rfav.] Tofprin-

kle over.

So thick biftrKvn,
Abjeft and loft lay thcfe, covering the flood. Milt.
To Bestri'de. 'V. a, I bejlrid; I have be-
firid, or bejiriddtn. [from ftride.'\

1 . To ftride over any thing ; to hare any
thing between one's legs.

Why, man, he doth bcflridc the narrow world
Like a coloiTus. Sbakcfpcare.

Make him bejiride the ocean, and mankind
Alk his confent to ufe the fca and wind. U^aUer,

2. To ftep over.

That I fee thee here.
Thou noble thing ! more dances my rapt heart.
Than when I firft my wedded miftrefi faw
Brftride my threlhold. Shakefftare.

3. It is often ufed, in the confequential
fenle, for to ride on.

He bejiridei the lazy pacing clouds.
And fails upon the bofom of the air. Shahjpure.

That horfe, that thou fo often haft brfind ;
That horfe, that I fo carefully have drefs'd. Sbak.

Venetians do not more uncouthly ride.
Than did theirlubber ftate mankind bijiride. Dryd.

The bounding fteed you pompoufly btjiride
Shares with bit lord the pleafure and the pride.

foft.

4. It is ufed fometimes of a man (landing
over fomething which he defends : the
prefent mode of war has put this fenfe
out of ufe.

He btjirid
An o'erprefs'd Roman, and i' th' confol's view
Slew three oppofers : Tarquin's felf he met.
And ftruck him o;i his knee:. Sbakijfeare.

If thou fee me down in the battle, and bejtride
me, fo ; 'tis a point of friendfliip. Siakejfeare.

He doth beflride a bleeding land,
Cafping for life under great Bolingbroke. Shak.

To Bestu'd. v. a. [from^W.] To adorn
withfiudj, or ftiining prominences.

Th' unfought diamonds
Would fo emblaze the forehead of the deep.
And fo bfjiud with ftars, that they below
Would gruw inur'd to light. Mi/ten.

BET. »./ [pebbian, to wager; peb, a wa-
ger. Sax. from which the etymologifts
derive ief. I (hould rather imagine it
to come from betan, to mend, increafe,
or better, as a bet increafes the ori-
ginal wager.] A wager; fomething laid
to be won upon certain conditions.

The hoary fool, who many days
Has (Irugglcd with contlnutd forrow,
Renews his hope, And blindly lays
The defp'rare bet upon to-morrow. Prior.
Hit pride was in piquette,
Newmarket fame, and judgment at a bet. Pope.

To Bet, f. a. [from the noun.] To wa-
ger ; to ftake at a wager.

He drew a good bow : and dead } John of
Gaunt loved h'un well, and iittid much upon his
head. Sbakejftart.

He flies the court for want of clothes ;
Cries out 'gainft cocking, fincc he cannot htt,

£in Jsnfin.

The god, unhappily engag'd,
Complain'd, and iigh'd, and cry'd, aad fretted.
Loft (Very cwtbly thing he bttttd, fritr.

B E 1*

Bet. The old preterite of beat.

He ftaid for a better hour, till the hammeT hal

wrought ani bet the party more pliant. Bjan*
To BetVke. <v. a. preter. I betook ; part.

pafl". betaken, [from take.^

1 . To take ; to feize r an obfolete fenfe.

Then to his hands that writ he did betake.
Which he dikliling read. Spenfer.

2. To have recourfe: to : with the recipro-
cal pronoun.

The adverfe party betaking itfelf to fuch prac-
tices as men embrace, when they behold things
brought to defperate extremities, Hooktr,

Thou tyrant !
Do not repent thefe things ; for they are heavier
Than all thy woes can ftir : therefore heiake ihte
To nothing but defpaij-. Sbakefftarl,

The reft, in imitation, to like arms
Betook them, and the neighbouring hills up tore.

Milton.

3. To apply : with the reciprocal pronoun.

With Cafe fuch fond chimeras we purfue.
As fancy frames for fancy to fubdue s
But when curfelves to aftion we betake.
It fliuns the miat, like g»ld that chynifts make.

Dryden*

As my obfervations have been the light where-
by 1 have fteered my courl'e, fo I betake myfelf to
them again. Woodtuari.

4. To move ; to remove.

Soft (he withdrew ; and, like a wo»d nymph light.
Oread or Dryad, or of Delia's train,
Betook her to the groves. ^ Miltcn,

They both betook them fereral ways;
Both to deftroy, Milton.

To Bete'em. v. a. [from /««,] To bring
forth ; to bellow ; to give.

So would I, faid th' enchanter, glad and fain
Seteem to you his fword, you to defend j
But that this weapon's pow'r I well have ken'd.
To becontrary to thcworkthat ye intend. Fairy ^

Rain, which I could well
Seteem them from the tempeft of mine eyes. Shak.
To Bethi'nk. v. a. I bethought ; I have
bethought, [from th'ink.^ To recal to re-
fleftion ; to bring back to confidera-
tion, or recolleftion. It is generally
ufed with the reciprocal pronoun, an«[
of before the fubjeft of thought.

They were fooner in danger than they could al-
moft bethink themfelvei o/change. Sidney,

I have bethought me of another fault. Shaktjf.

I, beticr bethinking myfelf, and mifliking hit
determination, gave liim this order. Raleigh.

He himfelf,
Infatiablc of glory, had loft all ;
Vet 0/' another plea bethought him foon. Mitlsn.

The nets were laid, yet the birds could never
bethink themfelvti, till hamjiered, and paft recovery,

L^E/frange,

Cherippus, then in time yourfelf bethink,
And what your rags will yield hy auAion fink* Dryd.

A little confideration may allay his heat, an4
make him bethink himfelf, whether this attempt ba
worth the venture. Locke.

BE'THLEHEM, ». /, [See Bedlam,]
An hofpical for lunaticks,

Be'thlkhemitk, », /, [See Bedlam-
ite.] A lunatick ; an inhabitant of
a madhoufe.

Betho'ught, particip. [from hetbink i
which fee.]

7« Bethra L, 1/. <», [from thraJl.'] Ta
enilave ; to conquer j to bring into fub->
jeftion.

No let that wicked woman 'fcape away,
For (he it is that did my lord beihial. Shakcfpeare.
TsBethu'mp, v, a. [from thump.] To
beat ; to lay blows upon : a ludicrou
word,

A a » I WH

BET

1 VMS nerer (o iahvnipt with «orJ>«
Since Aril 1 calld my brother'j father dad. Shak.
T» Reti'db. v. n. preu // betidtd, or
bttid r put. pair, betid, [from lib. Sax.
See Tide.]

1. To happen to ; to befal ; to bechance,
whether good or bad : with tlie peribn.

Said he then to the palmer, rtvciend fire,
WbH great miafonune hailk baid this knigh: ?

Sftnpr.

But fay, if our ddWcrer up to beav'n
Muft reakend, what will betid* the few.
His faithful, left among th' unfaithful herd,
The furniies of truth ? Milton.

2. Sometimes it has to.

Neither know I
What U Utid It Cloten j but remain
Perplext in all. Shaiefptare.

3. To come to pafs ; to fall out ; to hap-
pen : without the perfon.

She, when her turn was come ha tale to tell.
Told of a ftrange adventure that ieiidtd
Betwixt the fox, and th' ape by him mifguided.

Sfinfir.
In winter's tedious nights, fit by the fire
WSth good old folks, and let them tell thee talcs
Of woeful ages, long ago betid. Shakifftari.

Let me hear from thee by letters
Of thy fuccefs in love ; and what news elfe
Stiidtib here in abfence of thy friend. Shakeff.

4. To become ; to be the fate : with of.

If he were dead, what would betide of thee ?

Shokejptare.

Beti'mb. lad-v. [from ^and time; that
Beti'mes. J is, by the proper time.]

1. Seafonably; early; before it is late.

Send fuccoun, lords, and ftop the rage betitiK.

Shaktj'ftare.
To meafure life learn thou ietimet, and know
Toward folid gosd what leads the nearcft vw. Mi/i.

2. Soon ; before long time has pafled.

Whiles they are weak, *«/<«« withthjm contend j
For when they once to perfeQ ftrength do grow.
Strong wars they majce. Sfenfrr.

He tires betimes, that fpur; too fiaft betimtt. Sbak.

There be fome hawe an over early ripenefs in
their years, which fadeth betimes : thefe arc firtt,
fuch as have brittle wio, the edge whereof is foon
turned. Bacon.

Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth ;
that is, enter apon a religious courfe betimei. TilhtJ.

Shoit ib the date, alas ! of modern rhymes ;
And 'tis hut juft to let them live betimes, Pcfe.

3. Early in the day.

He that drinks all night, and is hanged betimes
in the morning, may fleep the founder next day.

Shakcffeare.

They rofe beiisnes in the morning, and offered

facrifice. i Mace. iv. 51.

Bb'tlb. la./, [pipe aduherinum.l An

Be'tre. 3 Indian plant, called water

pepper. DiS.

7» Beto'ken. 1/. a. [{torn token.]

1. To fignify ; to mark ; to reprefent.

We know not wherefore churchei Oiould be the
vrorfe, if, at this time, when they are delivered
into God'i own poffeflion, ceremonies fit to betoken
fuch intents, and to accompany fuch anions, be
nfuaU Hotktr.

A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow
Confpicuous with three lifted colours gay,
Betokening peace from God. Afi/teit.

2. To forcftiow ; to prefignify.

The kindling azure, and the mountain's brow
Illum'd with fluid gold, his near approach
Bdokcn glad. Tbomjin.

Be'tony.». yl [betoniea, hi.t.'] A plant,
greatly efteemed as a vulnerary herb.

Msller.
BiTo'oK. [irrtg, fret, frojn betake ; which
fee.]

BET

T» Beto'm v. a. [from to/t.] To diftarb ;
to agitate ; to put into violent motion.

What faid my man, when my iei^ffcd foul
Did not attend him as we rode r Sbake^tare.

To BETRA-Y. v. a. [trabir. Fr.]

1 . To give into the hands of enemies by
treachery, or breach of trull : with to
before the perfoo, otherwife into.

If ye be cume to betray me to mine enemiea,
feeing there is no wrong in mine hands, the Cod
' of our fathers look thereon, and rebuke it.

1 Chroniclei.

Jefus faid unto them. The Son of man (hall

be betrayed into the hands of men. Manheiu.

I For fear of nothing elfe but a betraying of the

I fuccours vrhich reafon oA<9i:th. IVifiUm.

' He was not to be won, either by promife or

reward, to betray the city. Knolles.

2. To difcover that which has been en-
trufted to fecrecy.

3. To expofe to evil by revealing fome-
thing entrufted.

How would'll thou again betray me,
Bearing my words and doings to the Lord ! Milt.

4. To make known fomething that were
better concealed.

Be fwift to hear, but be cautious of your tongue,
left you betray your ignorance. IVatls.

;. To make liable to fall into fomething
inconvenient.

His abilities created him great confidence ; aad
this was like enough to betray him /n great errours.

Kitig Charles.
The bright genius is ready to be fo forward, as
often bttrays itielf i»/« great errours in judgment.

H^atis.

6. To Ihow ; to difcover.

Ire, envy, and defpair.
Which marr'd his bwrow'd vifage, and bttray''d
Him counterfeit, if any eye beheld. Jaillon.

The Veian and the Gabian tow'rs fltall fall,
And one promifcuous ruin cover all j
Nor, after length of years, a ftone betray
The place where once the very ruins lay. Mdifui.

Bzt^a'yes.. It./, [from ^«r<ty.] He that
betrays ; a traitor.

The wife man doth fo fay of fear, that it is
a betrayer of the forces of reafonable underftand

mg.

Hooker.

You caft down your courage through fi;ar, the
iefrjyer of all fuccours which reafon can afford.

Sir y. Haytvard.

They are only a few betrayers of their country ;

they are to purchafe coin, perhaps at half price,

and vend it among us, to the ruin of the publick.

Sivifi.
To Betri'm. t. a. [from/r/m.] Todeck ;
to drefs ; to grace ; to adorn ; lO em-
bell ifli ; to beautify ; to decorate.

Thy banks with pioiicd and twilled brims.
Which fpungy April nt thy heft hetrims.
To make cold nvmfhs cha'tc crowns. Sbakejp.
To Betro'th. ■v. a. [from troth; le-
troweit, Dutch.]

1. To contraft to any one, in order to
marriage ; to afEance : ufed either of
men or women.

He, in the firft flower of my frelheft age.
Betrothed me unto the only heir
Of a raoft mighty king, moll rich and fage.

Spenjer.
To her, my lord.
Was I betrothed, ere 1 Hermia faw. Shakcffeare.

By foul's publick piomife (he
Was foKI then, »nd hcrnth'd to V.Qory. Cowley.

2. To have, as affianced by promife of
marriage.

And what man is there that hath beirotked a
wife, and hath not taken her ? 1« him go and re-
turn into his houfe. Dtuteronony .

BET

3. To nominate to a bilhoprick, in order
to confecration.

If any perfon be confecrated a bifliop to that
church, whereunto he was not before beirothrd, be
ftrall not receive the habit of confecration, as not
being canonically promoted. ^liS*'

To Betru'st. 11. a. [from tru/l.] To en-
truft ; to put into the power of another,
in confidence of fidelity.

Betruft him with all the good which our own
capacit) will allow us, or his fufficiency encourage
us, to h«pe for, either in this life, or that to come.

Grew,

Whatfoever you would betrufi to your memory,
let it be difpofed in a proper method. ffattt,

Be'tter. <m)'. The comparative oi good.
[bet, good, becepa, better. Sax.] Hav-
ing good qualities in a greater degree
than fomething elfe. See Gooo.

He has a horlc better than the Neapoliun's ; a
better bad habit of frowning than the count Pada-
tinc. Shakeff. Mtrch, of yenite,

I have feen better faces in ray time.
Than ftand on any fiioulders that 1 fee
Before ftie at this inftant. Shakcffeare,

Having a defire to depart, and be with Chrift ;
which is far better, B hi/if fiani.

The Bb'tter.

1. The fuperiority ; the advantage : with
the particle c/" before him, or that, over
which the advantage is gained.

The Corinthians, that morajng, as the days
before, had the better. Sidney,

The voyage of Drake and Hawkins wa» un-
fortunate ; yet, in fuch fort, as doth not break
our prefcription, to have had the better of the Spa-
niards. Bacem,

Dionyfius, his countryman, in an epiftle to
Pompey, after an exprefs comparifon, affords h'un
the better of Thucydiocs. Broun 1 t^ulg. Errours,

You think fit
To get the better of me, and you fliall ;
Since you will have it fo— I will be yours.

Soiiihente,

The gentleman had always fo much ilx better of
the fatirift, that the perlbns touched did not know
where to fix their refcntment. Pritr,

2. Improvement} \i, for the better, fo as
to improve it.

If 1 have akered him any where ySr the bttttrt
I nmft at the fame time acknowledge, that I
could have done nothing without him. Dry den,

Bb'tter. adv. [comparative of <weIL^
Well, in a greater degree.

Then it was better with me than now. Hofea,

Better a mechanick rule were ftrccched or bro»
ken, than a great beauty were omitted. Dryden,

The belter to underftand the extent of our
knowledge, one thing is to be obfcrved. Lccke,

He that would know the idea of infinity, cannot
do tetter, than by cnnfidering to what infinity i«
attributed. Lickt,

To Be'tter. v. a. [from the noun.]

I. To improve ; to mcVorate.

The c;mfe of his taking upon him our nature,
was to bitter the quality, and to advance the con-,
dition thereof. Hooker.

He is furnilhed with my opinion, which ia
bettered with his own learning. Shakcffeare,

Heir to all his lands and goods.
Which I have better d, rather than dccrcas'd. Siak.

But Jonathan, to whom both hearts were known.
With well-rlm'd zeal, and with an artful care,
Reftor'd and belter''d foon the nice affair. Cowley,

The church of England, the pureft and beft re-
formed cliurch in the world ; fo well reformed,
that it will be found eafier to alter than bilur its
conftitution. South,

The Romans took pains to hew out a paffage
for thefe lakes to difcharge themfelves, for the bet-
lerinr of the ait, ' Addipn.

2. To

BET

a. To furpafs ; to exceed.

The works of nature do always ilm at ttiat
which cannot be heitered* Hoakcr,

He hath borne himfeif beyond the promife of
bis age j he hach, indeed, better bittertd expecta-
tion, than you muft expedt of me to tell you.

Shakeffeare.
What you do
Still titteri what is done j when you fpealc fwcet,
l*d have you do it ever> iibakejpean,

3. To advance ; to fupport.

The king thought his lionour would fuffer,
during a treaty, to better a party. Baccn,

Be'tter. n./. [from the adjeftive.] Su-
perior; one to whom precedence is to
be given.

Their tellers would be hardly found, if they did
not live am^ng men, but in a wildeinefs by them-
fclves. Hnler.

The courtefy of nations allows you my better,
in that y.'U arc the lirll-born. Sbateffearc,

That ye thus Kol'pitably live,
"Is mighty grateful to your betttrsy
Aai makes e'en gods tfaemfelves your debtors.

Prhr.

1 have fame gold and filver by me, and Aiall be
able to make a iliift, when many of my bellen are
liarving. Sivift.

Be'ttor. ». /. [from To bet.'] One that
lays bets or wagers.

1 obiesved a llraiiger among them of a gentcelcr
behaviour than ordinary ; but, notwithllanding he
wa^ a very fair bettor, nobody would take him up.

Be'ttv. »./. [probably a cant word, fig-
nifying an inllrument which does what
is too often done by a maid within.] An
inllrument to break open doors.

Kecord the ftrjCagems, the ardjous exploits,
and the noflumal (calades of needy heroes, de-
fcrioing the powerful betty, or the artful picklock.

^rburbnct.

J^stwe'en. fref, [bec]9eonan, becpman,
Saxon ; from the original word %pa,
^wfl.]

1. In the intermediate fpace.

What modes
Of fmell the headlong lionefs bitvjeen,
And hound fagacious on the tainted green ? Pope.

2. From one to another : noting inter-

courfe.

He fliould think himiclf unhippy, if things
fliould go fo benvfen them, as he thouid not be
able tu acquit himtelf »/ ingratitude towards them
bnfh. Ba*cn,

3. Belonging to two in partnerfliip.

I aik, whether Cailor and Pollux, with only
one foul beiveen thtro, which thinks and perceives
in one whit the other is never confciout ot, are
not two diftin^ pcrfons ? Lttke.

4. Bearing relation to two.

If there be any dilcord or fuits bettveen them
and any of the family, they arc compounded and
tfpprafed. Baccn,

Friendlhip requires, chat it be batveen two at
leaft } and there can be no friendlhip w;icre there
arc not two fnends. South,

5. Noting difference, ordiftindion of one
from the other.

Their natural conllitutions put fo wide a diffe-
rence betiveta fome men, that art would never
maftcr. Locke.

Children quickly diflinguilh betvieen what is
rcquiied of them, and what not. Locke.

6. Beiiiuen b properly ufed of two, and
among of more ; but perhaps this accu-
racy is not always preferved.

'Bi.TV.'iXT . prep, [bcrpyx, Saxon, It has
the fame lig-rficLition with iettutta, and
u indiiTereatl/ ufcd for it.]

B E W

1. In themidft of two.

Hard by, a cottage chimney fmokes
From betwixt two aged oaks. Ml/ton.

Metbinks, like two blade ftorm^, on cither
hand,
Our Spanijh army and your Indians Hand ;
This only place betwixt the clouds is clear. Drjiti,

If contradiftLng interefts could he mixt.
Nature herfelf has call a bar betwixt. Dryden.

2. From one to another.

Five years fince there was fome fpeech of mar-
riage
Betv>ixt myfelf and her, Shakejpeare.

Be'vel. In, y; In mafonry and joinery.

Be'vil.j a kind of fquare, one leg of
which is frequently crooked, according
to the fweep of an arch or vault. It is
moveable on a point or centre, and fo
may be fet to any angle. An angle that
is not fquare, is called a bevil angle,
.whether it be more obtufe, or more
acute, than a right angle. Build. Dia.

Their houfcs are very ill built, their walls bc.iil,
without one right angle in ajiy apartment. Sivift.

To Be'vel, 1/. a. [from the noun.] To cut
to a bevel angle.

Thefe rabbets are ground fquare ; but the rab-
bets on the groundfel arc bevelietl downwards, that
rain m.<y thi freelier fall off. Moxon.

Be'ver. See Beaver.

Be'verace. »./ [from ievtre, to drink,

Ital.]
I. Drink ; liquor to be drank in general.

1 am his cupbearer ;
If from me he have wholefome bnereg*.
Account me not your lervanC. Sbakifpeare,

Grains, puifcs, and all forts of fruit», cither
bread or beverage may be made almoft o^ all.

Brcmint Vulgar Errours.

A pleafant beverage he prcpar'd before
Of wine and honey mix'd. Dryden.

The coarfe lean gravel on the mountain fides
Scarce dewy bevrage for the bees provides. Dryd.

I. Bmerage, or water cyder, is made by
putting the mare into a fat, adding
water, as you defire it ftronger or fmal-
ler. The water fhould ftauJ forty-eight
hours on it, betoic; you prefs it ; when
it is preHcd, tun it up immediately.

Mortimer.

3. A treat upon wearing a new fuit of
clothes.

4. A treat at firft coming into a prifon,
called alfo garnijh.

Be'vy. n.f. [iei:a, Ital.]

I. A flv5ck of birds.

1. A company ; an afiembly.

And in th;; midft thereof, upon the floor,
A Icvely be^y of fair ladies fat.
Courted of many a jolly paramour. Fairy S^een,

They on the plain
Long had not walk'd, when, from the tents, behold
A bevy of fair women, Miltor,

Nor rode tije nymph alone ;
Around a bevy of bright da:ofels flione. Pope.

To Bewa'il. v. a. [from txiail.] To be-
moan; to lament ; to exprefs forrow for.

In this city he
Hath widow'd and unchilded many a one.
Which to this hour bewail the injury. Sbakejp.

Yet wifcr Ennius gave command to all
His fricodi, not to bewail his funeral.

Sir Jobn Denbam.

I cannot but bewail, as in their hril principles,

tiie mifcrics and calamities of our children. AddiJ,

To Bewa'il. v. n. To exprefs grief.

Thy ambition.
Thou fcatlet fin, robb'd this hcwailing land
Of noble Budunghaot, tax tathcr-in-law. Sbak,

BE W

To Bewa're, tt, n, [from b( and txiecrey or
ivarj ; that is, cautious : thus, in an old
treatile, I have found be ye ware. See
Wary. liepapiaii, Saxon; oyor^r. Da-
nifli.]

1, To regard with caution; to be fufpi-
cious of danger from : generally the
particle of goes before the thing which
excites caution.

You muft^rti^flrt-c/" drawing or painting cjouds,
winds, ami thunder, towards the bottom of your
piece. Dryden.

Every one ought to be very careful to beiQare
what he admits for a principle. Locke,

Warn'd by the fylph, oh pious maid, beware!
This to difclofe is all thy guardian can j
Betvare r,f ?\:^ h'wx. mo{i beware of md.t\. Pope,

2. It is obfervable, that it is only ufed in
fuch forms of fpeech as admit the word
be : thus we fay, />e may bewiiare, let him
beivare, he luill beiuare ; but l^ot, ht did
beivare or he has been <uiare.

To Bewe'ep. t;. a, [fromwfiT/.] To weep
over or upon; to bedew with tears.

Old fond <:ycs,
Bcweep this caufe again ; I'll pluck ye out,
And caA you, with the waters that you lofe.
To temper clay, Sbakefpeare.

Larded all with fwcet flowers
Which bewept to the grave did go
With true love fliowers. Shakefpeare,

To Bewe't. "v, a. [from turt.] To wet >
to moiften ; to bedew ; to water.

His napkin, with h;i true tears all beivet^
Can do no fcrvice on her forrowful cheeks.

Sbaktjpeart.i Titus Andronicttt,

To Bewi'lder. -v. a. [from lui/d,] To
lofe in pathlefs places ; to confound, for
want of a plain road ; to perplex ; to
entangle ; to puzzle.

We parted thus ; 1 homeward fped my way,
Benvilder^d in the wood till dawn of day. Dryden*

We no f-dution of our queiiion hisd i
Your Words bewilder, not direct the mind,

BLickuwret

Our underftanding traces 'em in vain.
Loft and bewildcr'd in the fruitlcfs fearch, jiliJif,

It is good lumctimes to lofe and bewilder our-
lelves in fuch tludics. ft^atts*

To Bewi'tch. v. a. [ftotti 'witch.']

1. To injure by witchcraft, or fafcination,
or charms.

L'iok how I am bewitch'd^ behold, mine arm
Is like a Walled fapling wither'd up. Shaltefpeare,

1 havelorcfworn his company hourly this twenty
years, and yet I am bewitched with the rogue's
Company. If the rafcal has not given me medi-
cines to make me love him, I'll be hang'd .' Sbak.

My flocks are free from love, yet look fo thin ;
What magick has bewitcb'd the woolly dams,
And what ill cycj beheld the tender lambs ? DryJ,

2. To charm; to pleafe to fuch a degree,
as to take away the power of relillance.

Doth even beauty beautify.
And mod bewitcb the wretched eye, Sidney,

The cliarms of poetry our fouls bewitch;
The curfe of writing is an endlel's itch. Drydettm

I do not know, by the ch.iraaer that is given
of her works, whether it is not for the benefit of
mankind that they were loft j they were filled
with fuch bewitching tcndernefs and rapture, that
it might have been dangerous to have given them
a reading, Mdifon.

Bewi'tchery, «, / [from be'ivitch.J
Fafcination ; charm ; reftiUefs preva-
lence.

There is a certain bcwilclery, or fafcination, in
words, which makes them operate with a force
beyond what we can give aa account of. South*

Bewi'tch-

BEY

B I A

B I C

Bewi'tchmSnt. n. /. [from iemiiteh.]
Fafcination ; power of charming.

1 will counterfeit the bno'ucbiKent ot" I'omc po-
puluman, and give it bauntifuUy to the defiren.

Sbaktfptare,

y» BEWRA'y. V. a. [pjiejan, beppejan,

Saxon.]
I . To betray ; to difcover perfidioufly.

Fair feeling words lie wilely 'gan difplay.
And, for her humour Atting purpofe, fain
To tempt the caufe itfelf for to Irwray* Fahy ^.

X. To (how ; to make vifible : tliis word
is now little in ufe.

She faw a pretty bluffi in Philodca's cheeks

''hnvray a modeft difcontentmcnt. Sidney\

Men do fometimes bnvray that by deeds, which

.to confcfs they arc hardly drawn. Hockfr,

Next look on him that fcems for counfeL fit,
Whofe filver locks tctvray his ftore of days. Fa'irf,
Sewra'yer. n. f. [from heivray.'\ Be-
trayer ; difcoverer ; dlvulger.
"When a friend is turned into an enemy, and »
• hrwraycr of fecrets, the world is juft enough to
accufe the perfidioufncfs of the friend. Adiiijon.

Bevo'nd. pre^. [be5«ont>, bejeonban,

Saxon.]
C. Before ; at a diftance not yet reached.

What 's fame ? a fancyM life in others breath,
A thing beyond us, ev*n before our death.*
Tuft what you hear, you have. Tope.

a. On the farther fide of.

Neither is it beyond the fea, that thou Oiouldft
fay. Who ihall^o oyer the Tea for us, and bring it
'unto us? Deut. xxx. 13.

Now we are on land, we are but between death
ani liffr; iorwe ucJieymd the old world and the
4iew* Bacon,

We cannot think men Itjond fea will part with
their money for nothing. Locke,

J. Farther onward than.

He that fees a dark and (hady gro«.
Stays not, but looks beyond it on the flcy. JUrbert,

^. Paft ; out of the reach of.

Beyond the infinite and boundlefs reach
Of mercy, if thou didft this deed of deatU,
Art thou damn'd, Hubert. Sbakiffeare.

Yet thefe declare
Thy goodnefs beymd thought, and pow'r divine.

Milton,
The juft, wife, and goad God neither does nor
<an lequire of man any thisg that is impoflible,
«r .naturally beyond his power to do. South.

Confider the fituation of our earth ; it is placed
fo conveniently, that plants tlourifli, and animals
ViTC : thij is matter of faft, and beyond all difpute.

Bentliy.

5. Above i proceeding to a greater degree
than.

Timotheus was a man botli in power, riches,
jiarentage, goodnefs, and love of his people, beyond
jny of the great men of my country. Sidney,

One thing, in this enormous accident, is, 1
jnuO confefs, to me beyond sU wonder, fyaton.

To his expences, bcyor.d his income, aild de-
l>aucbery, idlenefs, and quarrels amongll h'.s fcr-
Tants, whereby his manufa£lure( are difturbcd,
«nd his bufincfs n(*gle<%cd. Locke,

As far as they carry conviftion to any man's
oinderftanding, my labour may be of irfe : beyond
the evidence it carries v/ith it, 1 advife him not to
follow any man's iiiterprctatioa. Locke.

<6. Above in excellence-

His fatirrs are incomparably i^'W Juvenal's,
if to laugh and rally, is to be preferred to railing
and declaiming. Drydtn,

y. Remote from ; not within the fphere of.

With equal mind, what happens, let us bear ;
Nor joy, nor grieve, too much for things beyond
our care. ^rydeni Fiibles,

t. Vego iejonJ, is to deceive; to circum-
vent.

She made eameft benefit of hil jell, forcing
him to do her fuch fervices, as were both tum-
berfome and coftly ; while he ftill thought he
TOffff beyond her, becaufe his heart did not com-
mit the idolatry. Sidney,
That no man go beyond, and defraud his brother
in any matter. i 71']^, iv. 6.

Bi'zEL. In./. That part of a ring in

Be'zil. 5 which the ftone is fixed.

BE'ZOAR. »./. [from /a, againft, and
xahar, poifon, Perfick.] A ftone, for-
merly in high efteem as an antidote,
and brought from the Eaft Indies, where
it is faid to be found in the dung of an
animal called prncan ; the ftone being
formed in its belly, and growing to the
fize of an acorn, and fometimes to that
of a pigeon's egg. Its formation is now
fuppofed to be fabulous. The name is
applied to feveral chymical compofi-
tions, defigned for antidotes ; as mi-
neral, folar, and jovial hexoars.

Savory. Chambers.

Bhzoa'rdick. adj. [from ^rzoar.] Me-
dicines compounded with bexoar.

The bexoardickt are necclTary to promote fweat,
and drive forth the putrificd particles. Fkycr.

Bia'nculated. 1 fl/^'. [from binus and
Bia'kgulous. J <3»^«/«j,Lat.] Having

two corners or angles. Did.

BI'AS. n.f, [biais, Fr. faid to come from

bJhry, an old Gaulilh word, fignifying

crofs or t/jiuart,']

1. The weight lodged on one fide of a
bowl, which turns it from the ftraight
line.

Madam, we'll play at bowls
—Twill make me think the world is full of rubs.
And that my fortune runs againft the bias. Sbak,

2. Any thing which turns a man to a par-
ticular courfe, or gives the direction to
his meafures.

You have been millook:
But nature to her bias drew in that. Shakefpeari.

This is that boafted bias of thy mind.
By which one way to dulnefs 'tis inclin'd. Dryden.

Morality influences men's Uvea, and gives a bias
to all their aftions. Locke,

Wit and humour, that expofc vice and folly,
furnifli ufeful diverfions. Raillery, under fuch re-
gulations, unbends the mind from feverer contem-
plations, without throwing it olF from its proper
bias, AddXjont Freeholder,

Thus nature gives us, let it check our pride.
The virtue neareft to our vice ally'd ;
Rc.ifon the bias turn;, to good or ill. ' Vtfe,

3. Propenfion ; inclination.

As for the religion of our poet, he fcems to
have fome little^/^j towards the opinions of Wick-
liff. Dryden,

To Bi'as. 'V. a. [from the noun.] To in-
cline to fome fide ; to balance one way ;
to prejudice.

Were 1 in no more danger to be mifled by
ignorance, than I am to be bi,i/Jid by intered, J
might give a very pcrfe^ account. Locke,

A defirc leaning to cither fide, bla^^es the Judg-
ment ftran^^ely ; by indifferent for every thing
but truth, you will be excited to examine, ffalts,
Bi'as. ad'v. It feems to be ufed aJ'ver-
bially in the following paflage, con-
formably to the French meltre une chofe
de biais, to give any thing a wrong
interpretation.

Every aftion that hath gone before.
Whereof we have record, trial did draw
B'm and thwart, not anfwcring the aim.

Shikejfeckre" t TnUut and Crejfida.

In the following paflagc it feems t<i
be an adjedlive. Swelled, as the bowl
on the biajcd fide. This is not ufed.

Blow till tby bias cheek
Outlwcll the cholic of puft Aquilon.

Sbakej^care^i Trcilus and Crc£jda.

Bib. n.f, A iinall piece of linen put upon
the breafts of children over their clothes.

1 would fain know, why it Ihould not be ai
noble a taflc to write upon a bib and hanging,
flecves, as on the bulla and fratexia, yUdifon,

To BIB. -K. n. [b^bo, Lat.] To tipple; to

fip ; to drink frequently.
He playeth with bibbing mother Meroc, as

though fo named, becaufe ihe would drink mere

wine without water. Camden.

To .-.ppcaie a froward child, they gave him

drink as often as he cried ; fo that he was con-

ftantly biibirg, and drank more in twenty-four

hours than I did. Locke.

Biba'cious. <7rfy. [biiaXylAt.'] Addifted

to drinking. Diil.

Biba'city. n.f, [bibacitas, Lat.] The

quality of drinking much.
Bi BBER. n.f. [from To bib,] A tippler;

a man that drinks often. ^
Bi'BLE.».y: [from |SiGaio», a book; called,
. by way of excellence. The Book,'] The

facred volume in which are contained

the revelations of God.

If we pafs from the apoftolick to the next ages
of the church, the primitive chriftians looked oa
tlieir bibles as their moft important treafure.

Government of the Tongue,

We muft take heed how we accuftom ourfelves
to a flight and irreverent ufe of the name of God,
and of the phrafes and expreffions of the holy
bible, which ought not to be applied upon every
flight occafion. TilUifin.

In queftions of natural religion, we Ihould con-
firm and improve, or connedt our reafonings by
the divine afliftance of the bible, IVatts,

BiBLio'cRAPHER. n,/. [from ^iCxo?, and
y^cctpu, to write.] A man (killed in li-
terary hiftory, and in the knowledge of
books ; a tranfcriber. Di.^.

BibliOTHe'caL. adj, [from bibliotheca,
Lat.] Belonging to a library. Di3.

Bi'bulous. ndj, \_bibulus, Lat.] That
which has the quality of drinking moif-
ture ; fpungy.

Strowd bibulus above, I fee the fands.
The pebbly gravel next, and gultcr'd rocks. Tbomf.

Bica'psular. adj, {bicapfularis , Lat.]
Having the feed veflel divided into two
parts.

Bice. n. f. The name of a colour ufed in
painting. It is either green or blue. .•

Take green bice, and order ir as you do your
blue bice; you may diaper upon it with the water
of deep green. Feacham,

Bici'PiTAt. 7 "'i'- \biccps, bicipitis,
Bici'piTOUs. J Lat.]

1 . Having two heads.

While men believe bicifitout conformation in
any fpecies, they admit a gemination of principal
parts- Brcivnt l^tilgar Errcuru

2. It is applied to one of the mufcles of
the arm.

A piece cf flelh it exchanged from the bicipital
mufclc of either party's arm. Brcwrt^s ^i-lg. Err,

To BI'CKER. 1/. «. \_bicre, Welfli, a con-

teft.]
I. To ikirmilh ; to fight without a fet

battle ; to fight off and on.

They fell to fuch a bickering, that he got a li.ilt-
in{, and loft his figure. Sidney,

In

B I D

In thy face
t fee ttijr fiiry J if I longer ft«y,
We (hall begin our ancient hUkinngs, Sbatiffean.

2. To quiver ; to play backward and for-
ward.

And from about h!m 6erce effufion rowlM
Of fmoke, ind bickering Aame, and fparkles dire.

Miliar.

An icy gale, oft fliiftirg o'er the pool,
Breathes a blue film, and, in its mid career,
Arrefts the bickering Hreatn. Ttemfon.

BTcKERER. ;-'. / [from the verb.] A

fldrmiflier. ,

Bi'cKERN. 1. /• [apparently corrupted

from ieaiiron.} An iron ending in a

point.
A blackfmith's anvil is fonistim;s made with

a pike, or lickint, or bcakiron, at one end. Af'iXon.
Bico'rne. laJJ, \^iicornis,L3.t.'\ Hav-
Bicq'rnous.J ing two horns.

We (hould be too critical, to quertion the letter
Y, or bicomcut element of Pythagoras } that is, the
making of the horns equal. Brmjn*i Vulgar Err,

Bico'rporal. <ii^'. [^/«r/or, Lat.] Hav-
ing two bodies.

To BID. f. a. pret. I biJ, bad, hade, I
\izv6 bid t.OT bidden, [bibban, Saxon.]

1. To defire ;■ to alk ; to call ; to invite.

I am bid forth to fuppcr, Jeffica ;
There are my keys. Shak. Mtrchant of Venice.

Go ye into the highways, and, as many as you
diall find, bid to the marriage. Mall, xxii. 9.

We ought, when we are biddeji to (p*eat feaf^s and
meetings, to be prepared beforehand, HaktivUl.

2. To command ; to order : before things
or perfons.

Saint Withold footed thrice the wold.
He met the nightmare, and her nine fold,
Bid her alight, and her troth plight. Shaieffurc.

He chid the fifters.
When firft they put the name of king upon me.
And bade them fpeak to him. Sbakiffurt,

Hade to the houfe of ileep, and bid the god.
Who rules the nightly viiions with a nod.
Prepare a dream. Vryden't Fablts,

Curfe on the tongue that bidi this general jay,
—Can they be friends of Antony, who revel
When Antony's in danger ? Dryd, Ail fir Lrve,

Thames heard the numbers, as he flow'd along,
And badt his willows learn the moving fong. Pcpc.

Acquire a government over your ideas, that they
■nay come when they are called, and depart when
they are brddtn. ffjitt.

3. To offer; topropofc; as, to bid a price.

Come, and be true.
— TIioo biJJf me to my lofs ; for true to thee
Were to prove falfe. Shakt/ftare'i CymbtHne.

When a man is refnjute to keep his fins while
he lives, and yet unwilling to relmquifh alt hope,
he will embrace that profelTion which hidi I'airefl
to the reconciling thofe fo diliant interelis.

Dtcay tf Piety,

Ai when the goddeflirs came down oi old.
With gifts their young Dardanian judge they try*d,
Aad each bad* high to win him to their Ade.

Gratnjiile.

To give interell a Aare in friendlhip, is to fell it
fey inch of candle ; he that bidt moll fliall have
it : and when it is mercenary, there is no depend-
ing on it. Cilliir CI) FrienJJhif,

4. To proclaim; to offer; or to make
known by forac public »oice.

Oor bans thrice bid I and for our wedding day
My 'kerchief bought ! then pretj'd, then forc'd
. away. Cay.

5. To pronounce ; to declare.

Y'ju are retir'd.
As if you were a fcaft- d one, and nnt
The hoftefi of the meeting ; pray you bid
Thele unknown friends to's welcome. Sbakeh,
Viyat, u we ftSU by dKiS, pat their aims r

^ .a

B I D

a little abread ; which is their gefture, when they
bid any welcome. Ba on.

How, Didius, (h:ill a Roman, f"re r»p Is'd,
Greet your arrival to this dil^ant ifle ?
How bid you welcome to thele fliat;er'd le^ims ?

ji,'Piilifi.

6. To denounce.

Thyfelf and Oxford, with five thoufind men,
Sliall crofs the feas, and bid faae £d\-.-ar4 bittle.

Sbakefpearc^ s Henry VI,

She bijvnr to all that djrft fupply
The place of thofe her cruelty made die. Hj/Ar.

The captive cannibal, oppieil with chains.
Yet braves his foes, reviles, provokes, dtfdains j
Of nature fierce, untameable, and proud,
He bids defiance to the gaping ciowd.
And, fpent at lail and fpccchlefs zs he lies,
With fiery glances, mocks their rage, and dies.

Cranvil/e.

7. To pray. See Bead,

If there come any unto jou, and bring not thia
dodlrine, receive him not into your houfe, neither
bid him God fpeed. yotr.

When they defired him to tarry longer witli
them, he confented not, but bade them farewel,

^(9i, xviii. 21.

8. To bid heads, is to dillinguilh each
bead by a prayer.

By fame haycock, or fome fhady thorn,
He bidi his beads both evenfjng and morn.

Dryden,

Bi'dale. n.f. [from bid and ale.^ An
invitation of friends to drink at a poor
man's houfe, and there to contribute
charity. Did,

B i'd o It!, pari, fajl [from To bid,]

1. Invited.

There were two of our company bidden to a feaft

of the family. Bunn,

Madam, the bidden gnefts are come. A, Pbilifs,

2. Commanded.

'Tis ihefe that early taint the female foul,
InftruS the eyes of young coquettes to roll.
Teach infants cheeks a bidden blufli to know.
And little beara to flutter at a beau,

Pofie't Rate of the Leek,

Bi'dder. »./ [from To bid.\ One who
offers or propofes a price.

He looked upon fcveral drclfes which hung there,
expofed to the purchafe of the bed bidder. AJdifim,

Bi'ddino. n.f. [froxa. iid,] Command;
order.

How, fay'ft thou that Macduff denies his perfon
At our great bidding t Shakejfeare's Macbeth.

At his fecond bidding, darknefs fled.
Light Oione, and order from diforder fprung. Milt.

To BIDE. v. a. [biban, Saxon,] To en-
dure ; to fuffer : commonly to abide.

Poor naked wretches, wherefoe'er you are,
That i/A the pelting of this pitilefs dorm! Si^ak.

The wary Dutch this gathering ftorm forefaw.
And durd not bide it on the Englifli coaft. Dryden,

7a Bide. v. n.

1. Ta dwell ; to live ; to inhabit.

All knees to thee (hall bow, of them that bide
In heav'n or earth, or under earth in hell. Milton,

2. To remain in a place.

Safe in a ditch he bidet.
With twenty trenched galhes on his head.
The lead a death to nature. Sbakeff. Macbeth,

3. To continue in a ftate.

And they alfo, if they hide not dill in unbelief,
Ihill be graffcd in, Romam, xi. 23.

4. It has probably all the fignifications of
the word abide ; which fee : but it being
grown fomewhat obfolete, the examples
of its various meanings are not eaftly
found.

Bide'.ntal. adj. [bidtns, '£aX.] Having
tw» teeth.

BIG

III management of forks is not to be hei--d
when tiiey aie only biden:al. Sivijt,.

Bi'ding. n.f. [from btde.] Reiidence ;
habitation.

At Ar.tv- ,p lias ray conftant biding i)cen. Rowe.

Bie'nni a: . /i.-y, [bici/iis, La.t.'] Of the-
continuaiice ot two years.

Then why fliomi iume be very long lived, others
only annual or bienr/ini f Ra: on the Cieaiitn,

Bier. n.f. [from To hear, ziferetrum, in.
Latin, ixomfero.y A carriage, or frame-
of wood, on which the dead are carried;
to the grave.

And now the prey cf f.iwls he lies.
Nor wail'd of f.iends, nor laid on groaning bier,

S^enjer%'

They bore him barefaced on the bier.
And on his grave laiird many a tear. Hbakejpcane, •

He mu.t not float upon his wat'ry biir
Unwept. Milton,-

Griefs always green, a houfehold dill in tears;.
Sad pomps, a threlhold throng'd with daily biers.
And liveries of black. Dryden' i juvenaU.

Alake as if you hanged yourfelf, they will con-
vey your body out of prifon in a bier*

Arhuthmfs John Bull,.

Bi'estings. n.f. [byj-Tinj,, Saxon,] The
firlt milk given by a cow after calving,,
which is very thick.

And twice befides, her bieflings ijever fail
To dore tlie dairy with a brimming pail. Dryden, ■

Bifa'rious, adj. [bi/arius, Lat.] Two-
fold ; what may be underllood two ways.,

Dia,

Bi'fekovs. adj. [bi/ere»s, Lat.] Bearing,
fruit twice a year.

Bi'fid, \'"{/- ibi/dus. Lit. z bota.-

Bi'fidated,j nical term.] Divided in-
to two; fplit in two; opening with ^^
cleft.

Bi fo'ld. adj. [from biitus, Lat. and _/»/</. ]j
Twofold ; double.

If beauty have a foul, this is not (he;
If fouls guide vows, if vows are fan^imunyy .
If fanftimony be the gods delight.
If there be rule in unity itfelf.
This is not (he : O madnefs of difcourfe !
That caufc fets up with and againd thyfelf!
Bifold authority. Shakejp. Troilui and Cr^da,.

Bi'formed. adj. Ibi/ormis, Lzi.] Com-
pounded of two forms, or bodies,
Bifu'rcated. adj. [from binus, two, and
furca, a fork, Lut.] Shooting out, by a-
divifion, into two heads.

A fmall white piece, bifurcated, or branching
into two, and finely reticulated all over, ff^oodtvard,

Bifurc a'tion. n. /. [from binus and.
furca, Lat.] Divifion into two ; open-
ing into two parts.

The fird catachredical and far derived fimi|I«
tude, it holds without man ; that is, in a bifurcation,
or divifion of the root into two parts.

BroTvn's yulgar Erroun,

BIG. adj. [This word is of uncertain or •
unknown etymology. 'Junius derives it
from Sayarflj- ; Skinner from bug, which, .
in Danijh, fignifies the belly.]

1. Having comparative bulk, greater or
lefs.

A troubled ocean, to a man who fails in it, is, I
think, the biggejl object that he can fee in motion.

SfeCtater,

2. Great in bulk; large.

Both in addition and divifion, either of fpaceor-
duration, when the idea under confideration be- ■
comes very big, or very fmall, its prccife bulk be-
comes obfcuie and coofufed, Locke, .

3. T<emui£s.

^ih-b

^ife

3. Teeming; pregwint; great witli young:
with the particle luitb.

A btiT tig ^viih young hath rddoro been fcen.

Bacsftm
Lately on yonder fwelling huih,
BiFtuitb many a common rofe,

Thit early bud began to h'lufh. Waller,

4. Sometimes with of, but rarely.

His gentle laJy,
Bigtfthh gentleman, our theme, deceas'd
As he was bom. Shnkffpean' s Cymielirt.

e. Full of fomething ; and defirous, or
about, to give it vent.

The great, th' important day, I

.-f^ wkb the fate ot Cato and of Rome. ylJdifin.'

.-M^- Now Hg laiih knowledge of approaching woes, |
The prince of augurs, Halithrcfcs, role. Fopei

6. Diftended ; fwoln ; ready to burft 5
ufcd tiften tof the effefts of paffion, as
grief, rage.

Thy heart is h'lg ; get thee apart, and weep.

Sbahtfpeare^s yuliut Cafard

7. Gfeat in air and mien ; proud"; fwell-!
ing ; tumid ; haughty ; furly.

How elfe, fald he, hot with a gooJ bold face, ,
And with iig words, attd iVith a ftately pace ? |

Spttifcr\

To' the ijieaner man, or unknown in the court,
feem fomewhat folenin, coy, big, and dangerous of
look, talk, and anfwer. jijcbam,

\\ you had looked hxg^ and fpit at him, he'd
have run. Shahffiart's fyimtrs Talc,

In his profperous fcafon, liu fell under the re-t
preach of being a man of b'lg looks, and of a mean
and abjcft fpirit. ClarendfA

Or does the than i' th* moon look Wj,
Or wear a huger periwig- i

Than our nwn native luiiaticks ? JiuJibms,

Of governments that once made fuch a noife,

and looked fo big in the eyes of mankind, as being

' founded upon the deepeft cnunfels; and the ftrongcll

forte ; nothing remains of them but a name. Scuibi

Thou thyfelf, thus infolent in ftatc.
Art l)Ut perhaps fomc country magiitrate, I

Whofe power extends no farther than to fpeak
£i^ on the bench, and fcanty weights to break. ',

Drydtti,

To grant big Thrafo valour, Phormlo fcnfe, '
Should indignation give, at lead oftencc. GanK

8. Great in fpirit ; lofty ; brave.

What art thou ? have not I
An arm as big as thine ? a heart as iig ?
'Thy words, 1 grant, are bigger: for 1 Wear not ,
My d&gger in my mouth. Shakt-Jfii-arg*! C\yrttbdwe^

'Bt'cikw\sT. n. /. [bigamus, \ovi Lat.]
*■ <One that has committed bigamy. See
Bigamy.

By the papal canbns, a clergyman, that has a

wife, canrtnt have an ccclellallicul benefice; much

Icfs **n a iigamiji have fuch a beneAce according

tothat'law. ^yliffi-

Bi'cAMY. »./. [^]f<nw/a, low Latin.]

• 1. The crime of having two wives at once.

,iiv':- A beauty-wairting and dirtreffcd widow

Seduc'd the pitch and height 'of all his thoughts
To bafe declenllon, and \oith'i bigamy. Sbakcfp.
Randal determined to commence a fuit>jai!n(l
Martin, for bigamy and inccft. jlrbiiibnot antfPoft,

i. [In the canon law.] The marriage of a
fecond wife, or of a widow, or a wo-
man already debauched ; which, in the
church of Rome, were confidercd as
bringing a man under fome incapacities
for ecclefialUcal offices. ,

J! I c B e'l lied. ai/J. [ from iig and helly."]

Pregnant; with Child ; great With young.

When we have laugh'd to (ce th« fails conccivej

Ajid grow bigbtirud with the wanton wind. Sbak.

Children and bigbcllieJ women require antidote^

)t(newkat iqore grateful to the palate. "Harviyi

So many ■wdl-/haped innocent virgins are block'
ed up, and waddk up and down like bigbellkd wo-
men. AJiiJ'i.

We purfued our march, to the terror ot the
market people, and the mifcarriagc of half a dozen
bigbcllieJ women. Addifin.

Bi'ggin. n./. [bcguin, Fr.] A child's cap.

Sleep now !
Yet not fo found, and half fo deeply fweet.
As he, whole brow with homely biggiir bound,
Snores out the watch of night. ShakeJ'peare.

Bight, n./. It is explained by W/'ww^r-,
the circumference of a coil of rope.

Bi'gly. a/f-v. [from big.] Tumidly;
haughtily ; with a blufttring manner.

Would'ft thou not ratlierchoofc a fmall renown,
To be the OiayV of fomc poor paltry town j
Bijgly to look, and barb'roufly to fpeak;
To pound falfe ' weights, and fcanty meafures
break ? Drydtn.

Bi'flNESs. »./ [from iig.]

1. "'Bulk ; greatnefs of quantity.

If panicum be laid below, and about the bottom
of a root, it will caufe the root to grow to an ex.
ceflive bigiufi, Bacui.

People w\:re furprifcd at the blgnefs and uncouth
deformity uf the camel. Vijlrange'iFable!,

The brain of man, in refpeft of his body, i^
much htjer than any other animal's; excccdinjj
in bigncji three oxen's brains. i?jy o« tbe Creation*

2. Size, whether greater or (mailer; com-
parative bulk.

Several forts of rays make vibrations of fcveral
bignsffes, which, according to their bigneffis, excite
fenfations of feverat colours; and the air, accord-
ing to their bigticjps, excites fcniations of fcveral
founds. Neivttn's Ofticks,

BI'GOT. >i. f. [The etymology of this
word is unknown ; but it is iuppofed,
by Camden and others, to take its rife
from fome occafional phrafe.] A man
devoted unreafonably to a certain party ;
prejudiced in favour of certain opi-
nions ; a blind zealot. It is ufed often
with to :befOre the objeft of zeal ; as,, a
bigot to the Carteftan tenets. '

Religious fpite and pious fplcen bred firft
This quarrel, which fo long the bigots nurft. Tare.

In philofophy and religion, the bigon of all
patties arc gencriflly the moft-^ofitive. Wain,

Bi'goteo. adj. [from bigot.] Blindly pre-
poffefled in favour of fometiiing ; irrati-
onally zealous : with to. '

Bigt/Tted to this idol, we difclaim
Rell, health, and oalc^'for nothing but a name.

Gartbi

I'refliyterian merit, during the reign of that

vic:xk, bigotied, and ill-advlfed ^irince, 'will ra(i!)|

be computed. Sii'ifti

Bi'ooTRY. ti.f. [from bigot.] j

1. Blind zeal; prejudice; unreafonable
warmth in favour of party or opdnions
with the particle to.

' Wtire it not for a bigrrry to our own tenets
we could hardly fmaginc, tliati fo anany abfutd,
wicked, and bloudy principles; rtiould pretend t4
fupport thomfclves by the gofpcl. 'Wattii

2. The practice or tenet of a bigot. [

Our filcnce ma4cbs our ^idvcrl'aries think we pfrr-^
lift in thofe bigctrkt, which all good and Icnfibie
men dc'pile. Pcjii

B I'f. SWOL N . ledj, ' [froth iig'Znd 'fwoln.. ]
Tuiigid ; ready to burft.

' Might my bi^vitln heart '•

Vent all its griefs, and give a loolc to forrow.

Mdijoit,

BiG-UDUEKED. adj. [{rem big and«^£r.]

Having large 'udders ; having 4"S^

fwelled with milk. t

B I L

Now, driv'o before him through the iKhing
rock.
Came tumbling heaps on heapt th* unniunber'd

fl,-ck,
Big-udder' d ewes, and goats of female kind. Pope.

Bi'lander. »./ Ibelandre, Ft.] A fmall
veflel of about eighty tons burden, ufed
for the carriage of goods, it is a kind
of hoy. manageable by four or five men,
and has malls and fails after the manner
of a hoy. They are ufed chiefly in Hol-
land, as being particularly fit for the
canals. Sttvary. T'revoux.

Like btlanJers t > creep
Along the coaft, and land in view to keep. DryJ.

Bi'lberry. w. /. [from bibp^, Sax. a
bladder, and berrj, according to Siia-
ner i </itis idrsa.] A fmall Ihrub ; and
a fweet berry of that Ihrttb ; whortle-
berry.

Cricket, to Windfor's chimneys flialt thou leap;
There pinch themaids as blue as bilierrici. Sbak.

Bi'lbo. ». / [corrupted from Bilboa,
where the beft weapons are toiade.] A
rapier ; a (word.

'I'o be compaiTed like a good hilbo, in the cir-
cumference of a peck, hilc to point, heel to head,

Sbakejpeare.

Bi'lboes. n.f. A fort of flocks, or wooden
fhackles for the feet, ufed for puoilhing
offenders at fea.

Met bought I lay
Worfc than the mucincs in the bilbta. Shakdb,

BILE, n.f [bilis, Lat.] A thick, yellow,
bitter liquor, feparated in the liver, col-
lefled in the gall-bladder, and dif-
charged into the lower end of the duo-
denum, or beginning of the jejunum, by
the common duft. Its ufe is to (heathe
or blunt the acids of the chyle, becaufe
they, being entangled with its fulphurs,
thicken it fo, that it cannot be futfi-
ciently diluted by the I'uccus pancreati-
cus, to enter the lafleal veffels. ^iticy.

In its progrcflion, foon the labour'd chyle
Receives the confluent rills of bitter bile ;
Which, by the liver fever'd from the blood,
And rtriving through the gall-pipe, here unload
Their yellow llream j, Blaehnore,

Bile. n.f. [bik. Sax. perhaps from bilis,
Lat. This is generally fpelt boil; but,
I think, lefs properly.] A fore angry
fwelling.
But yet thon art my flelh, my blood,: my
daughter;
Or rather » difeafr that's in jny fleflj 5
Tliou art a bile in my corrupted blood. Shakcjp.
Thofeir/ir did rvm^lav fo— did ntiTtbe' general
run ? were not that a botchy fore ? Si'ahffeare.
• Afunmculiii is a painfuUruberele, wi^li li broad
bafis, arifing in a cone. It is generally called a
bile, and is accompanied with inflammation, pul-
fation, and tcnfion. Wifdnan.

Bilge, n. f. 'The compafs or breadth of

a Ihip's bottom. Skfiiner.

To Bn.GE. -v.n. [from thetwun.j To

fpring a leak ; to let in water, by,ftrik-

ing upon 'a rock : a fea term ; rvc/w hielge.

Skinner.
Bi'ti AR y; <i^.[froto ^/i, Lat.j' Bdong-
ing to the bile.

Voracious animals, suid fuch as > do notohew,
have a great quantity of gall ; and fomc of them
have. tiM ^biluirjj itiX ii^ftted t^to {hp pylofus.

yirbutbtiet,

Et'LINCSGATE.

B I L

Bi'lincscate. »./ [A cant word, bor-
rowed from Bihng/ate in London, a
place where there is always a crowd of
low people, and frequent brawls and foul
language.] Ribaldry; foul language.
There ftript, tair rtetorick languiih'd on the
ground.
And (hameful bitirgfgate her robes adorn. Pefe,

Bili'nguous. «djr. [iilinguis, Lat.] Hav-
ing, or fpeaking, two tongues.

Bi'ljous. at/J. [from iiJis. Lat.] Con-
fiding of bile ; partaking of bile.

Why iUhus juice a golden light puts on.
And floods of chyle in lilver currents run. Garth,

When the tafte of the mouth is bitter, it is a fign
of a redundance of a hilioui alkali. Ariuthrot,

To BILK. "v. a. [derived by Mr. Lye horn
the Gotbiclc bilaican.'] To cheat ; to
defraud, by running in debt and avoid-
ing payment.
Bilk'd itationers for yeomen Aood prepar'd.

Dry,Un.
Whr»t comedy, what farce can more delight.
Than grinning hunger, and the pleating fight
Of your biik '4 hopes ? Dtyticn,

BILL. H.f [bile. Sax. See Ball.] The
beak of a fowl.

Their hiUt were thwarted crolTways at the end,
and with thefe they would cut aji apple in two at
one faap. Ciinvf.

It may be tried, whether birds may not be made
to bare greater or longer tillSf or gicater or longer
ulons. Bacon.

In hi» fill
An olive leaf he brings, pacifick fign ! Milan.

No crowing cock does there his wings difplay,
Mor with his horny till provoke rhe day. Dryden.

BILL. n.f. [bill*. Sax. rpibilk, a two-
edged axe.]
I. A kind of hatchet with a hooked point,
ufed in country work, as a hedging bill;
fo called from its refemblance in form
to the beak of a bird of prey.

Stauding troops arc lervants armed, who ufe the
lince and I'ward, as other fcrvants do the fickle or
the hill, at the command of thofe who entertain
them. Trmplt.

a. A kind of weapon anciently carried
by the foot ; a battle axe.

Yea d;ftafr women manage ta^y tilli j
A:;airi{l rby feat both young and old rebel. Shak.

BILL. »./ [iilkt, Fr.]

1 . A written paper of any kind.

He does receive
Particular alditlon from the Ull
That write; thTm a'l alike. Sbaiffpearc.

2. An account of money.

Ordinary cxper.cc ought to be lim'ted by a
man's ef^ate, and ordered to the bell, that the ii7/i
may be Icfs than the eftim i*ion ajroad. Bacon,

3. A law prefented to the parliament, not
yet made an iiL

No new laws can be made, nor old laws abro-
gated or alured, but by parliament; where hlili
ate prepared, and p icfcntcd 10 the two houfes.

Bacon.

How now for mitigation of this till,
Urgd by the commons ? doth hii raajtffty
Incline ti it, or no ? Sbahjfcart.

4. An aft of parliament.

There will be no way left for me to tell you
tbit I rcnember you, and that I love you, but
th It one, which nc:ds no open warrant, or fccret
onveyanccj which no tillt can prcduJe, nor no
kini;i fir'^rnt. jlllatury.

J. A phyfician's prefcription.

Like him that took th'? doflor's till.
And fwallow'd itirifteid o' th' pill. Iluilihras.

The medicine was prepaccd according to the tiJI.

L^Efirange.

. Vol. [,

B I L

Let them, but under your fuperioUrs, kill.
When dodors firll have fign'd the bloody hill.

Dryden.

6. An advertifement.

And in dei'pair, their empty pit to fiU,
Set up fome foreign moniler in a hill. Drydin.

7. [Inlaw.]

I. An obligation, but without condition or
forfeiture for non-payment, a. A declaration in
writing, that exprefleth cither the grief and the
wrong that the complainant hath fuft'ered by the
party complained of; or elfe fome fault that the
party complained of hath committed againft fome
law. This bill is fometlmes offered to jufiiccs
crrants in the general aiiizcs ; but moft to the
lord chancellor. It containeth the faft com-
plained of, the damages thereby fuffeicd, and pe-
tition of procefs againlt the defendant for redrel's.

C'.iBdl.

The fourth thing very maturely to be confulted
bj the jury, is, wliat inliuencc their lt;;ding rhe
hUI may have upon the kingdom. Sv.*ift.

8. A bill of mortality. An account of the
numbers that- have died in any dillrift.

Moft who took in the weekly hilli of mortaiiiy,
made little other ufe of xhem, than to look at the
foot, how the burials cncrealed or decreafeJ.

Graunt.

So liv'd oor fires, ere doftors learn'd to kill,
And mu'.tiply'd with theirs the weekly hill. Dryd.

9. A bill of fare. An account of the feafon
of provifions, or of the dilhes at a feaft..

It may fecm fomewhat difficult to make out the
tilk effort for fome of the foremeniioned fuppers.

Arlulhnot.

to. ji bill of exchange. A note ordering
the payment of a fum of money in one
place, to fome perfon ifligned by the
drawer or remitter, in conlideration of
the value paid to him in another place.

The comfortable fentciices are hilli of txchange,
upon the credit of which we lay our cares down,
and receive provifions. Taylor.

All that a till f cxckangt can do, !s to direft to
wh.)m money due, or taken up upon credit, in
a foreign country, (hall be paid. Loike.

To Bill. <v. n. [from bill, a beak.] To
carefs, as doves by joining bills ; to be
fond.

Doves, they fay, will till, after their pecking,
and their murmuring. Bin f^njon's Caialint.

Still amorous, and fond, and huling.
Like Philip and Mary on a ijiilling. Vadihrat.

They hill, they ticad ; Alcyone c-^mpri-fs'd
Seven days fiu brooding on her floating ncft.

Drydin.
He that bears th' artillery of Jove,
The (Irong pounc'd eagle, aj d the hilling dove.

Drydtn.
7»Bili-. t. a. [from bill, a writing.]
To publilh by an adveriiiement : a cant
word.

His maflerpiece was a compofition that he hilled
about under the name of a fovercign antidote.

L'EJImngt.

Bi'llet. n.f. [billet, French.]

1. A fmall paper; a note.

When hs found this little hillet, in which was
only written Rimmber Ctefar, he was exceedingly
confounded. _ Clairndon.

2. A ticket direftlng foldiers at what houfc
to lodge.

3. Billet-Joux, or a foft billet ; a love letter.

'Twas then, Belinda ! if report (ay true,
Thy eyes fiift bpcn'd on a hilUt-diux. Popi.

4. [BilottFr.] A fmall log of wood for the
chimney.

Let US thf-n calculate, when the bulk of a fsga"
or hillet is dilared and ratified to the degree of fite,
hi)W vaU a place itmuftukeup. Dighy in Bxlici.

Their billei at the fire was found. Pri^r.

B I N

7« Bi'llet. v. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To direft a foldier by a ticket, or note,
where he is to lodge.

Retire thee; go where thott art iilleteJ:
Away, I fay. Shakefptar'f

2. To quarter foldiers.

They remembeed him of charging the king-
dom, by billeting fjldiers. Raleigh,
The counties throughout the kingdom wer« fo
incenfed, and tht:. alJ'eflions poifoned, that they
refuted to fulfei the foldiers to be billeted upon
'jis"!- Clarendon.
Bi'lliards. n.f. nuithout afingular. \btl-
lard, Fr. of which tliat language haj
no etymology ; and therefore they pro-
bably derived from England both the
play and the name, which is corrupted
from halyards, yards or flicks with which
a ball is driven along a table. Ihus
Spenfer :

Balyards much unfit,
And ihuttlecocks mifTeeming manly wit.

Hubherd s Tele.']

A game at which a ball is forced againft
another on a table.

Let it alone ; let 's tn billiards. Sbakrffeare.

Even nofe and cheek withal,

Smooth as is the billiard ball. Benjonfiif,

Some are forced to bound or fly upwards, a, moft

like ivory balls meeting on a hULrd table. Boyle.

When the ball obeys the (lioke of a billiard

ftick, it is not any adlion of the ball, but bar*

P^ffion- Locke.

BILLOW, n.f [bilge. Germ, bolg, Dan.
probably of the fame origitial wih bili3.
Sax. a bladder.] A wave fwoln, and
hollow.

From whence the river Dee, as filver cleen,
His tumbling billows rolls with gcn;le rcre. Spenfer,

Billows fink by degrees, even when the wi- d ii
down that firft ftirred them. flciton.

Chafing Nercus with his trident th.ows
The billcivs from the bottom. Dertam,

To Bi'llow. 1/. n. [from the noun.] To
fwell, or roll, as a wave.

The hillctving fnow, and violence of the fli( wV,
That from the hills difperfe their dreadful llnre.
And o'er the vales collefled ruin pi ur. Prior.

Bi'llowy. adj. [from billcu:] Swelling;
turgid ; wavy.

And whitening down themoiry-tinflur'dfl:. earn,
Defcenda the billowy foam. Ihomfon.

Bin. n.f. [binne, Sax.] A place where
bread, or corn, or wine, is repofited.

The nir.ft convenient way of picking hops, Jj
into a l.,ng fcjuaie frame of wood, called a hm.

Mortimer,
As when, from rooting !n « tin.
All p.wder'd o'er from tail to chin,
A lively maggot failies out,
^ You know hisn by his hajcl fnout. .^vift.
Bi NARY. adj. [from binus.Lv.t.'] Two;

dual ; double.
Bi'nary Aritbmetick. A method of com-
putation propofed by Mr. Leibnitz, in
which, in lieu of the ten figures in the
common arithmetick, and the progref-
fion from ten to ten, he has, only two
figures, and ufes the funple progrsffion
from two to two. This methed appears
to be the fame with that ufed by the
' Chinefe four tixoufand years ago.

Chambers,
To BIND. 'V. a. pret. / bound ; particip.
paff. bound, or boitiidcn. [binban. Sax.]
I. To confine with bonds; to enchain.

Wilt ihou play with him as uith a bird.' or
wilt thou bind him for thy oiaidcni ? Jah.

B b 2. To

B I N

2. To gird ; to enwrap ; to involve.

Who hath hiUKii the waters in a garment ?

Provr'hi-

3. To fallen to any thing ; to fix by cir-
camvolution.

Thou (halt JW this line of fcarletthrratl in the
• windpw, which thou didft let us down by. Jjhua.

Keep my commandments, and live; and my
law, as the apple of thine eye. Bind them upon
thy fingers, write them upon the table of thine
heart. frwtrhi.

4. To fatten together.

Gather ye together firft the tarn, and hiid them
in bundles, to burn them. Mattbnv.

5. To cover a wound with dreffings and
bandages : with up.

When he faw him, he had companion on him,
and went to him, and haund up his wounds, hake.

Having filled up the bared cranium with our
dreflings, we hcund up the wound. IVijtman.

6. To oblige by (lipulation, or oath.

If a man vow a vow, or fwcar an oath, to b\nd
bis foul with a bond, he Ihall not break his word.

Numheri.
Swear by the folemn oath that binit the gods.

Pofc.

7. To oblige by duty or law ; to compel ;
10 conftrain.

Though I am b<,und to every act of duty,
I am not bjund to that all Haves are free to. Shak.

Duties cxprefsly required in the plain language
of Scripture, ought ro bind our confciences more
than thofe which are but dubioully inferred. Waits,

8. To oblige by kindnefs.

9. To confine ; to hinder : with in, if the
reftraint be local ; with up, if it relate
to thought or aft.

Now I'm cabin'd, cribb'd, confin'd, bound in
To faucy doubts and fear?. Sbakijfeart.

You will fooner, by imagination, bind a bird
from finging, than from eating or flying. Baian.

Though paOion be the rooft obvious and general,
Jet it is not the only caufe that bindi up th^ undcr-
ftanding, ajid confines it, for the time, to one ob-
ySt, from which it will not be taken oO". Locki.

In fuch 3 difmal place,
Where joy ne'er enters, \Vhlch the fun ne'er cheers.
MM/.d in with darlcnefs, overfprcad with damps.

Dryden.

■ 10. To hinder the flux of the boweU ; to
make coftive.

Khub.irb hath manif ftly in it parts of contrary
<^peratiniis j parts that purge, and parts that bhui
The bTdy. Baccn.

The whey of millc doth loofc, the milk doth.
bird* Herbert,

1 1 . To reftrain.

The more we arc btundup to an-exad narration,
we want more life, and fire, to animate and inform
the (lory.- Fc/ion.

I 12. Te bind a book. To put it in a cover.

Was ever book, containing fuch vile matter.
So fairly bound f Shahffpeare,

Thofe who could never read the grammar.
When my dear volumes touch the hammer.
May think books beft, as richcft hound. Prior,

13". To bind to. To oblige to ferve fomc
one.

If dill thou dolt retain
The fame ill habits, the fame follies too,
Still thou art bound to vice, and Oill a flavc. Dryd.

14. To bind to. To contract with any
body.
Art thou bound to a wife, fcek not to be loofed ■
1 Corinthian:.

I ;. To bind over. To oblige to make ap-
pearance.

' Sir Roger was ftigg^'red with the reporti con-

cerning this woman, and would have ie«ni/ her <rKf/-
to the county feflions. Mdijm.

B I P

7« Bl N D . T. «.

1 . To contrail its own parts together ; to
grow lliffand bard.

if the land rife full of clots, and if it is a binding
land, you mu!l jnakc it fine by harrowing of it.

Mortimer,

2. To make coftive.

3. To be obligatory.

Thofe canons, or imperial conftitutions, which
have not been received here, do nor bind. Halt,

The promifes and bargains for truck, between
a Swifs and an Indian, in the woods of America,
are binding to them, though they are perfectly in a
(late of nature, in reference to one anotlier. hoiU.

Bind. »./. A fpecles of hops.

The two bed forts are the white and the grey
hind; the latter is a large fquare hop, and more
hardy, Mortimer.

Bi'nder. n,f, [from To bind,"]

1. A man whofe trade it is 10 bind books.

2. A man that binds ftieaves.

Three tinders ftood, and tonk the handfuls reapt
From boys thatgather'd quickly up. Chapman,

A man, with a binder, may reap an acre of whea:
in a day, if it ftand well. Mortimer.

3. A fillet ; a flired cut to bind with.

A double cloth, of fuch length and breadth as
might ferve to encompafs the frafturcd member,
I cut from each end to the middle, into three
bir.ders. WiftKan.

Bi'nding. tt,/. [from bind.] A band-
age.

This beloved young woman began to take off
the binding of his eyes. 'Taller.

Bi'ndweed. n. f. [cowvolvulus , Lat.]
The name of a plant.

Bindiveed is the largerand the fmaller j the firft
fort flowers in September, and the laft in June and
July. Mcrtim':r.

Bi'nocle. n.f. [from bi/ius find ocu'iu.]
A kind of dioptrick telefcope, fitted fo
with two tubes joining together in one,
as that a diftant object may be feen with
both eyes together. Harris.

BiNo'cuLAR. adj. [from binus and ccu-
/«i.] Having two eyes.

Mod animals are bir.uular, fpldcrs for the moft
part o£VonocuIar, and f ime fenocular. Verham.

BiNo'.MiAi, Root, [in algebra.] A root
compofed of only two parts, connefted
with the figns plus or minus. Harris.

Bino'minous. adj. [from binus and
ncmen, Lat.] Having two names.

Bio'grapher. n.f, [ci©. and ypa^u.]
A writer of lives ; a rclater not of the
hillory of nations, but of the afLions of
particular perfons.

Our Grubftrcet biographers watch for the death
of a great man, like lo many undertakers, on
purpofe to make a penny of him. Addijon.

Blo'oRAPHY. n.f. [si©- and yjia^a'.]

In writing the lives of men, whicii is called

biography, fome authors place every thing in the

prccile order of time when it occurred. Walls.

Bi'ovAC. In-f, [ Fr. from lufy luflf/?', a

Bi'hovac. Y double guard, German.] a

Bi'vouAC. J guard at night performed

by the whole army ; which either at a

ficgc, or lying before an enemy, every

evening draws out from its tents or huts,

and continues all night in arms. Not

in ufe. TrevDux, Harris,

Bi'pAROUs. adj. [from binus and pario,

Lat.] Bringing forth two at a birth.
Bi'pARTiTE. adj. [from binus and par-
tior, Lat.] Having two coirrefpondent
parts J divided into two.

B I R

BiPARTi'riON. n. f. [from bipariiti.'\
The aft of dividing into two; or of
making two correfpondent parts.

Bi'PED. n.f, [bipes, Lat.] An animal
with two feet.

No ferpcnt, or filhes oviparous, have any ilunes
at allj neither ^i^ff/ nor quadruped oviparous have
any cxtcriourly. Brown's Vulgar Errours.

Bi'pEDAL. adj. [bipedalis, Lat.] Two
feet in length ; or having two ftet.

Bipe'nnated. adj. [from binus and
ptnna, Lat.] Having two wings.
. All bipcnnated inlcdts have poifes joined to the
body. Derham,

Bipe'talous. adj, [of bis, Lat. and
miraMv,] A flower confining of two
leaves. D/<Sf.

Bi'qj; ADR ATE. In, f. [in algebra.]

BiQj; ADR a'tick. 3 The fourth power,
arifing from the multiplication of a
fquare number or quantity byitfelf Har.

BIRCH Tree. n.f [bipc. Sax. to/./a,Lat.]
The leaves are like thofe of the poplar ;
the ftioots are very flender and weak ;
the katkins are produced at remote dif-
tances from the fruits, on the fame tree j
the fruit becomes a little fquamofe cone ;
the feeds are winged, and the tree calls
its outer rind every year. Miller.

Bi'rchen. adj. \ixoia. birch."] Made of
birch.

His beaver'd brow a irrr^r" garland bears. Popt.

BIRD. ii.f. [bipb, or bpib, a chicken,
Saxon.] A general term for the fea-
thered kind ; a foVvl. In common talk;
foiul is ufed for the larger, and bird for
the fmaller kind of feathered animals.

The poor wren,
The moft diminutive of birds, will fight.
Her young ones in her rieft, againft the owl. Shak.

Sir* had all the regal makings of a queen j
As holy oil, Edward confefl'or's crown.
The rod and bird of peace, and all fuch emblems.
Laid nobly on her. Sbakeffeare's Henry Vill*

The bird of Jove ftoop'd from his airy tour.
Two birds of ^iycA plume before him drove. Mile.

Hence men and beads the breath of life obtain,
And birds of air, and monfters of the main. Dryd.

There are (ome birds that are inhabitants of the
water, whofe blood is cold as fiOies, and their fici^
is fo like in tafte, that the fcrupulous are allowed
them on n(h days. Locke.

To Bird. -v. «. [from the noun.] To
catch birds.

1 do invita you to-morrow morning to my
houfe, to brcakfaft ; after we'll abirding together.

ishaii/fiare.
Bi'rdbolt. n.f. [from bird and bolt, or
arre-iv.] An arrow, broad at the end, to
be (hot at birds.

To be generous and of free difpofition, is to
take thofe things for birdbolts that.you deem can-
non bullets. Shakejpeare.

Bi'rdcage. n.f. [from bird and cage.]
An inclofure, with interflitial fpaces,
made of wire or wicker, in which bird»
are kept.

Birdcages t>ught him the pulley, and tops the
centrifugal force. Arfuthnot and Pipe.

Bi'rdcatcher. n.f. [from ^W and
catch.] One that makes it his employ-
ment to take birds.

A poor lark entered into a miferable expodula-
tion widi a birdcaleher, that had taken her in his
net. VEJirange.

Bi'rder. n.f. [from bird.] A bird-
catcher.

Bi'rdikc.

B I R

Ii'roing-piece. n. f. [from ^W and
piece.'] A fowling-piece j a gun to ftioot
birds with.

I'll creep up into the chimney. There they

always ufe to difcharge tlieir bird.r.g-fkccs ; cr^ef
into the kill hole. Stukifptare.

-Bi'rdlime. ». /. [from bird and /zW.J
A glutinous fubftance, which is fpread
npon twigs, by which the birds that
light upon them are entangled.

Birdlme is m^de of the b.irjc of holly : the\
pound it into a tough parte, that no fibres of the
wood be left; then it is walhed in a running
{Iream, tilbno moies appear, and put up ro ferment,
and fcummed, and then laid up f rule; at which
time they incorporate with it a third part of nut
oil, over the fire. But the bark of our lantone, or
wayfaring llirub, will make very good h'lrdrimt,

Ci'ambert.

Holly is of fo vifcous a juice, as they make hird-
limt of the bark of it. Bacon't Nuiural Hiftory.

With ftores of gatherM glue contrive
To flop the vents and crannies of their hire.;
Not hirdiimt, or Idean pitch, prodjce
A more tenacious mafs of cUmmy juice. Drydtn.

J'm enfnar'd ;
Heav'n's b'lrdlimt wraps me round, and glues my
wings, Drydtn.

The Woodpecker, and other birds of this kind,
becaufe they prey ujion flies which they catch with
their tongue, have a couple of bags filled with a
vifcout humour, as if it were a natural birdlime,
or liquid gloe. Crciu.

Bi'rdman. »./ [f^om^V(/and man.] A
birdcatcher ; a fowler.

Ai a fowler was bending his net, a blackbird
aflced him what he was doing : why, fays he, I am
laying the foundations of a city ; and fo the bird-
man drew out of fight. L'Efiranre.

Bi'rds-ch«rry. »./ [paJut Theophraf-

/».] A plan*.
Ei'rdseye. n. f. [adonis, Lat.] The

name of a plant.
Bi'rdsfoot. ». /. {ornithopodium, Lat.]

The name of a plant.
Bi'rdsnest. n.f. An herb. Dicl.

Bi'rdstares. n.f. [aracus.] A plant.
BrRDSTONouE. n./. An hcrb. Dia.
Bi'rcander. «./. [c/zexalepex.] A fowl

of the goofe kind. Di3.

BiRT. n. /. A fifli, the fame with the /ar-

iol ; which fee.
BIRTH. «. /. [beopS, Sax.]
J. The aft of coming into life.

But thou art fair, and at thy birth, dear boy,
Nature and fortune joia'd to make thee greau

Sbaiefftare't King John.

In Spain, our fprings like old men's children be,
Decay'd and wither'd from their infancy;
No kindly Ibowers fall on our barren earth.
To hatch the feafons in a timely birth. Drydcn.

2. Extra£Uon ; lineage.

Mod virtuous virgin, born of heavenly birtb. Spin/.

All truth I Ihall relate : nor firft can I
Myfelf to be of Grecian birth deny. Dnbam.

■3. Rank which is inherited by defcent.

He doth objeft, I am too great of birib. Shak.

Be juft in all you fay and all you do ;
Whatever be your binly, you're fure to be
A peer of the firft magnitude to me. Dryitn.

4. The conditioner circutnflances in which
any man is born.

High in his chariot then Halefus came,
A foe by i/V/i to Troy's unhappy name. Dryiin.

5. Thing born ; produAlon : ufed of ve-
getables, as well as animals.

The people fear mej for they do cbferve
Ujifatlict'd heirs, and loathly binlu of nature.

Skaktjftart.

B I R

That poets are fat rarer birtht than kings,
Vour noblcft father prov'd. Ben Jotijon.

Who of themfclves
Abhor to join; and, by imprudence mix'd,
Produce prodigious binhs of body or mind. Milt.

She, .'or this many thoufand years,
Seems to have praftis'd with much care
To frame the race of woman fair ;
Yet never could a perfeft birth
Produce before, to grace the earth. IViillcr.

His eld.'ft birth
Flies, mark'd by heav'n, a fugitive o'er earth. Prior.

The vallies fmile, and with their flow'ry face,
And wealthy birtbt, confcfs the flood's embrice.

Biackntore.

Others hatch their eggs, and tend the birib, till
it is able to flilft for itfelf. Addifon.

6. The afl of bringing forth.

That fair Syrian ihopherdefs
Who, after years of b.irrenncfs,
The highly favour'd Jcfepli bore
To him that fcrv'd for her before;
And at her next binh, much like thee.
Through pangs fled to felicity. MH'ov.

7. The feamen call a due or proper dif-
tance between fliips lying at an anchor,
or under fail, a binh. A\(o the proper
place on board for the mefs to put their
cherts, k^c. is called the birth of that
mefs. Alfo a cmirenient place to moor
a fiiip In, is called a birth. Harris.

Bi'r t h da v. tt. /. [from birth and day.]

1. The day on which any one is born.

Orient light,
Kxhaling 6rft from darknefs, they beheld,
Birihdty of heaveif and earth. Milton.

2. The day of the year in which any one
was born, annually obferved.

This is my birthday ; as this very day
Was Caflius born. Sbaktfpeare.

They tell me 'tis my /•i'-thday, and I'll keep it
With double pomp of fadnefs :
'Tis what the day deferves, which gave mcbreath.

Drydtn.
Your country dames,
Whofe cloaths returning birthday claims. ' Prior.

Bi'rthbom. n.f. [This is erroneoully, I
think, printed in Shakefpearc, birthdoom.
It is derived from birth and dom (fee
Dom) as kingdom, dukedom.] Privilege
of birth.

Let us rather
Hold faft the mortal fword ; and, like good men,
Beflride our downfaln birtbdom* Shakrfpetire.

Bi'rthnicht. n.f. [from birtb and
night.] _

1 . The night on which any one is born.

Th* angelick fong in Bethlehem field.
On thy birtbnigbt, that fung the Saviour born.

Paradije Re^aiacd.

2. The night annually kept in memory of
any one's birth.

A youth more glitt'ring than a iiribmgbt beau.

Pope.
Bi'rthplace. n. / [from birth and
place.] Place where any one is born.

My birthplace hate I, and my love's upon

This enemy's town. Sbaieffeare.

A degree of flupidity beyond even what wc have

been charged with, upon the fcore < f our birib-

place and climate. Swift.

Bi'rthricht. ». /. [from birth and
right.] The rights and privileges to
which a man is born ; the right of the
firft-born.

Thy blood and virtue
Contend for empire in thee, and thy goodnefs
Shares with thy birthright. Hbaki/jieare,

Thou hail been found
By merit, mon than biribrighl, Son of Cad< Milt.

BIS

I lov'd her firft, I cannot quit the claim.
But will preferve tlie birthright of iny pillion.

Otieaft
While no bafenefs in this hreaft I find,
I have not loft the birthright vf my niiiid. Drydtn.
To fay that liberty and property are the birth-
right of the Englifli nation, Luc that, if a prince
invades them by illegal methods, we muij upon
no pretence refill, is to confound governments.

Addiftm,
BirthJtra'ngled. adj. [from birth
Z.V.A ftrangle.] Suitngkd or fuffocated
in being born.

Finj^er of birthjir angled babe,
Ditch-delivcr'il by a drab. Sh.ilrJpeari'iMaelf.h.

Bi'rthwort. n.f. [from iir/h and ivort i
I fuppofe from a quality of hallening
delivery. Arlftolochia, Lat.] The name
of a plant.

BI'SCOTIN. n.f [French.] A confec-
tion made of flour, fugar, marmalade,
eggs, i3'c.

Bi'scuiT. n.f. {froril ^/V, twice, Lat. anti
cuit, baked, Fr.]

1. A kind of bard dry bread, made to be
carried to fea : it is baked for long voy-
ages four times.

'I'he bifcuii alfo in the (hips, efpecially in the
Spanilh gallics, was grown hoary, and unwholc.
fome. Knolln't liiliory.

Many have been cured of dropfics by abfti-
nence from drinks, eating dry bijcuit, whith
creates no thirft, and ftrong friftions four or five
times a-day. Arbuihrot on Diet,

2. A compofiiion of fine flour, almonds,
and fugar, made by the confeftioners.

To Bise'ct. -v. a. [from binus and ytio,
to cut, Lat.] To divide into two parts.

The rational hoiil'on bijelletb the globe into tM'9
equal parts. Brotoni fulgar Errours.

Bise'ction. n.f. [from the verb.] A
geometrical term, fignifying the divi-
fion of any quantity into two equal parts.
BI'SHOP. ». /. [From epifcopus, Lat. the
Saxons formed bij-cop, which was after-
wards foftened into bijhop.] One of the
head order of the clergy.

A bijhop is an ovcrfeer, in fuperintendant, of
religious matters in the Chriliian church.

Ayliffe^t Parergan.
You Aiall find him well accumpany'd
With reverend fathers, and well learned hijhopt.

Shakejptare.

Their zealous fuperftition thinks, or pretends,

they cannot do God a greater fcrvice, than to de-

ftroy the primitive, apoltolical, and anciently uni»

verfal government of the church by ltijh'!pi.

Kt Chartu..
In cafe a bijhop /bould commit treafon and fe-
lony, and forfeit his eftate, with his Ufe, the land*
of his bi/hoprick remain ftiU in the church. South.
On the word bijljop, in French evcqve, I woul4
obferve, that there is no natural connexion between
the facied office and the letters or found ; for
t^-t'i/ue, and bijhop, fignify the fame office, thougU
th^^rc is not one letter alike in them. JVjtit's Log.

Bi'sHOP. n.f. A cant word for a mix-
ture of wine, oranges, and fugar.

Fine oranges.
Well roafted, with fugar and winein a cup,
They'll make a fweet tipop, when gentlefolks fup,

Sivif^.
TaBi'sHOP. I/, a. [from the noun.] To
confirm ; to admit folemnly into the.
church.

They are prophane, imperfeft, oh ! too bad,
Except confirm'd and bijhoped by thee. Donne.

Bi'sHOPRicK. n.f. [bifcoppice, Saxon.]

The dioccfe of a bilhop j tbe dillrift over

B b .» A'kicji

B I f

B I T

B I T

wRFch the juriTdifllon of a bifliop ex-
tends.

It will be fit, that, by the. kinu'sfupreme powxt
in cial'es cccleliallical, they be luburdinatc under
fume bifhop, and tijhaprick, cf this realm.

Bacim't Ailviu la Ki'Airj.
A virtuous woman fliuuld rejtrt marriage, as a
good man does a hlfxfrUk ; but 1 would advilc
neither to perfil^ in refufing. jtiUifnii't Sfcilatar.
Thul'e palters had cpilcopal ordination, pv>n'cned
prefcrrarnts in the church, and were fometimes
promoted to kijhipricks thenifelves.

Swift's ScniMtBti of aClunh of EngUnd Man.
Bi'sHOPSWEFD. «. yr [ammi, Lat.] The

name of a plant.
Bisk. n. /. [ii/que. Ft.] Soup; broth
made by boiling fever J forts of flelh.

A prince, who in a foreft ijd;:8 aftray.
And, weary, to ibmc cottage finds the way,
Talks of no pyramids, or fowls, or iijii ot fifli.
But hungry fups his cream ferv'd up in eartiien
di(h. K:n£.

Bi'sKBT. See Biscuit.

B I's M u T H . n. /. The fame as marcafite ;
a hard, white, brittle, mineral fub-
ilance, of a metalline nature, found at
Mifnia ; fuppofed to be a recrementi-
tious matter thrown off in the forma-
tion of tin. Some efteem it a metal /»/'
generis ; though it ufually contains fome
filver. There is an artificial hijmuth
made, for the (hops, of tin. ^incy.

Bisse'xtile. n. f. [from ^/> zxidt fextilis,
Lat.] Leap year ; the year in which the
day, arifing from fix odd hours in each
year, is intercalated.

The year of the fun confifteth of three hun-
^d and fixty-five days and fix hours, wanting
eleven minutes ; which fix hours omitted, will, in
time, deprave the compute : and this was the oc-
cafion of hijfxtilt, or leap year. Brovin.

Towards the latter end of February is the hiffix-
tile or intercalar day ; called biffextiU, becaufe the
fixth of tlie calends of March is twice repeated.

Holder on timi.

Sl'ssoN. adj. [derived by Skimur from ty
and_/f/».] Blind.

But who, oh ! who hath feen the mobled queen
Kun barefoot up and down, tlireit'ning the flames
"With tiffin rheum ? Sbjkijfeuri's Ii.imlct.

What harm can your tiffin conlpe^uitics glean
out of this charadlet ? Sbakcfpeare's Coriolanus.

BJ'STRE. n.f. [French.] A colour made
of chimney foot boiled, and then diluted
with water ; ufed by painters in walhing
their defigns. Tre'voux.

B i's TORT. n. f.\biftorta, Lat.] The name
of a plant, called ^io J'nakeiueed ; which
fee.

Bi'sTOURY. «. /. [i//?(>ar;, Fr.] A fur'
geon's inftrument, ufed in making inci-
fions, of which there are three forts ; the
blatfc of the firft turns like that of a lan-
cet ; but the ftraight bijloury hasthe blade
fixed in the hahdle ; the crooked- A//?o«r)i
is fliaped like a half moon, having the
ed|e on the infide. Chambers.

Bisu \.GOV%.aclj.\bifulcus,'LzX.'\ Cloven-
footed.

For the fwine, althoogh multiparous, yet being
hijuhouij and only cl'jvcnfoored, are farrowed with
open eyes, as other lijulaus animals.

Brotun't Vulgar Errours.

Bit. n. /. [birol, Savon.] Signifies the
whole machine of all the Ijo:i nppuite.
aances of a.bridle> as the bit-mouth, the

branches, the curb, the fevll holes, the
tranchefi!, and the crofs chains ; but
fometimes it is ufed to fignify only the
bit-mouth in particular Farrier's DiS.

Thry li^hc from their horfes, pulling ort their
Hi, that they might fomething refieOi their
mouths upon the grafs. Sidnty.

We have ftridk ftatutei, and moft biting fans.
The needful iifj and curbs of headftrong iteeds.

Shakiffiearf.

He hath the til between his teeth, and away he
runs. StURngjIeei.

Unus'd to the relh-aint
Of curbs and tits, and fleeter than the Wmii, AildiJ.

Bit. n.f. [from ^;>^.]
I. As much meat as is put into the mouth
at once.

How many prodigal ^iri have flaves and peafants
This night engluttcd ! Shak,Jfcan.

Follow your funflion, go and batten un cold
bill, Shakefpcari.

The mice found it troublrfome to be ftill climb-
ing the oak for every ii» they put in their bellies,

L'EJI range.

John was the darling ; he had all the g-iod hits,
was crammed with good pullet, chicken, and ca-
pon. Arhuthnot.

*. A fmall piece of any thing.

By this the boiling kettle had prcpar'd.
And to the table fent the fmoaking lard;
A fav'ry til, that ferv'd to reliflj wine. Drydtn.

Then clap four fiices of pilaster on't.
That, lac'd with bits of ruliick, makes a front.

Pop!.

He bought at thoufands, what with better wit
You purchafe as you want, and bit by bit, Pcpc.

His majelly has power to grant a patent, for
ftamping round bits of copper, to every fubjedl he
hath. Stv'ft.

3. A Spanilh Weft Indian filver coin, va-
lued at fevenpence halfpenny.

4. ./i bit the better or ivor/e. In the fmalleft
degree.

There are few that know all the tricks of thefe
lawyers ; for aught I can fee, your cafe is not a hit
clearer than it was fevcn years ago. Artuihnoi.

To Bit. t. a. [from the noun.] To put

the bridle upon a horfe.
Bitch, n.f. [birje, Saxon.]

1 . The female of the canine kind ; as the
wolf, the dog, the fox, the otter.

Antl at his feec a hitch ^olf fuck did yield
To two young babes. Spenffr.

I have been credibly informed, that a biab will
nurfe, phy with, and be fond of young foxes, as
much as, and in place of, her puppies. Loch.

2. A name of reproach for a woman.

Him you'll call a dog, and her a bitch. Pope.

John had not run a madding fo long, had it noc

been for an extravagant bitch of a wife. Arlutbnot.

To BITE. n). a. pret. I bit ; part. paff. I
have bit, or bitten, [biran, Saxon.]

1. To crufh, or pierce with the teeth.

My very enemy's dog,
Though he had bit me, lliould have liood that night
Againft my fire. Shakrfpeure,

Such fmillng rogues as thefe,
Like rats, oft bite the holy cords in twain.
Too intricate t' unloofe. Shakrfpearc,

Thefe Ire the youths that thunder at a play-
houfe, and fight for bitten apples. Shakfpearc.

He falls ; his arms upon the body found.
And with his bloody teeth he ^irts the ground.

Dryden.

There was lately a young gentleman bit to the

bone, who has now indeed recovered. Taller.

Their foul mo!ith3 have not opened their lips

without a filfity ; though they have Ihowed their

teeth as if they would bite off my nofc.

Arhuibnct andPo^'i Mart, Scrib.

2. To give paia by cold.

Here feel we the icy phang.
And churliOi chiding, of the winter's windj
Which when it Ai/« and bluwj upon my body.
Even till I fl)rir,k with cold, I fmik. ihakejpeare.

Full lii'ty years, harncfs'd in ruijged flee.,
I have enJui'd the tiling winter's blaft.
And the fevcrer heats of parching furaaier.

Rcvie's Ambitious Siipmsibcr,

3. To hart or pain with reproach.

Each poet with a diff 'rent tj.ent writes;
One praifcs, one inftrufts, another titet. Rojcaimon,

4. To cut ; to wound.

I've feen the day, with my good biting faulchion
I would have made them (kip. Skakefpare,

5 . To make the mouth fmart with an acrid
tafte.

It may be the firft water will have more of the
fcent, as more fragrant ; and the fecond more of
the tafte, as more bitter, or biting. Bacon.

6. To cheat j to trick ; to defraud : a low
phrafe.

Afiijcp and naked as an Indian lay.
An honcil faftor ftoic a gem away :
He pledg'd it to the kniglit ; the knight had wit,
So kept the diamond, ai.d the rogue was bit. Pope.

If you had allowed half tlie fine gentlemen to
have converfed with you, they would have been
ftrangely hit, vihWs they tliought only to fall in
love with a fair lady. Pitpe*

Bite. n. /. [from the verb.]

1. The feizure of any thing by the teeth.

Does he think he can endure the everlalling
burnings, or arm bimfelf againft the bites of the
never-dying worm ? South,

Nor dogdays parching heat, that fplits the rocks.
Is half fo harmful. as the greedy flocks}
Their venom'd bile, and fears indented on the
ftocks. Dryden s VirgiTs Georgiiks.

2. The aft of a fifli that takes the bait.

I have known a very good fiflier angle diligently
four or fix hours for a river cap, and not have a
*'"• n^a/tvn,

3. A dieat ; a trick ; a fraud : b low and
vulgar language.

Lf t a man be ne'er lb wife,
He may be caught with fober lies ;
For, take it in its proper light,
'Tis juft what coxcombs call a bite. Swift,

4. A (harper ; one who commits frauds.
ISi'ter. n.f. [from bite.]

1. He that bites.

Great barkers arc no biters. Camden,

2. A fifh apt to take the bait.

He is fo bold, tiiat be Wiil invadeoneof his owa
kind ; and you may therefore eafily believe him to
be a bold titer, JValtm.

3. A tricker ; a deceiver.

A hiter is one who tells you n thing you haveao

reafon to dilbelieve in itfelf, and perhaps has given

you, bef jre he bit you, no reafon to Jilbclicve it

for his faying it ; and, if yon give him credit,

laughs in your face, and triumphs thjt he has

I deceived you. He is one who thinks yuj a fool,

becaufe you da not think him a knave. Sfeftator.

Bi'ttacle. n.f. A frame of timber in

the ftcerage of a (hip, where the cora-

pafs is placed. DiJI.

Bi'tten. particip, pajf. [from To bite',.

which fee.]
BI'T'IER. adj. [birep, Saxon.]

1. Having a hot, acrid, biting tafle, like
wormwood.

Bitur things are apt rather to kill than engender
putrcfaflion. Bacon's Natural Hiftory.

Thougli a man in a fever Ihould, fr >m lu^ai^
have a bitter tjlle, which, at another time, pro-
duces a fweet one, yet the idea of hi tcr, in that
man's mind, would be as dilliiidl from ih-' idea
rf fwcct, as if he had taftcd only gall. Luke,

2. Sharp ; cruel ; fevere.

j Fricndt

B I T

Friends now fad Cviotn,
Unfeparable, ftall within this hour.
On 3 diir nfioB of adoit, bicak out
To t.irer.f, enmiiy. Sbakiff.-^rr.

Huft)a:,Ji, lore vour wives, and he r.ii i! ter
again:! a.un. ' UloJjUmu

The wjid of God, io^ad of a iilier, teachc; us
ichaHubc zeal. Sfrar.

3. Calamitous ; miferable.

Noi/Je friends and t'c : a:, whom to leave
I3 only iincr to ir.e, or!', i , :■,. j
Gc with me, like [^j^ - i,eis," :o my end. 5ia,(.

A dire ijiduAion a.-r 1 tviti.efs t;;
And will K, France, hoping the confetjuence
Will pr.-ve as tttur, black, and tra-ital. Shakijf.

And /hijn the hiv.!r conf.qupnce: for know.
The day th leat'it ;h;reof, my fole command
Traj.i^reft, i.ievitatiy ■! ,0 flij'lt die. Miltm.

TcJ. hin. cJiac if 1 bejr my biitcr fate,
'Ti: c Lc . d h.s vengeance for my fjn. Drjdnt.

4. Painful ; i,.cleinent.

T' c f-.wl I'le borders fly.
And fliun the hiitu bUft, and wheel about the Iky.

Drydtr.

5. Sharp ; reproichful ; fatirical.

U with mc,
And, in the jreadi <:( iuifr words, let's fm' thrr
M., J:.mi.,-J ron. , Sbaktiptare.

6. Mournful; afflided.

Wherefoie is lig\ j^ven unto him that is in
mif-.ry, and life untj ihs ihttr in foul ? J^.

7. In any manner unpleafing or hurtful.

Mititr is an cqu.ioca. w>;rU ; there is bimr
wormwood, there ai-,- hiiitr words, there are LU'cr
ciemiet.atd il'mtr cold moming. fVain'i Luguk.

B I 't T E R c o u R D . ». y. [colecyHtbh, Lat. ]

The name ot a plant.
Bi'tterly. adv. [from Utter.]

1. With a bitter talle.

2. In a bitter manner; forrowfully ; ca-
lamicoufly.

i fo lively ailed with my tears,
That my poor miftiefs, moved therewitiial.
Wept ii/f^r/ji. - ■ Shakefftart.

Eiitcrl} haft thou paid, andflill art paying
That rigid fcore. Miktf,.

3 . Sharply ; feverely.

His behaviour ii not to cenfure bittcrh the er-
roursof their zeal. Sirat.

Bi'TTERN.B./[^a/aar, Fr.] A bird with
long legs, and a long bill, which feed»
upon fifli ; remarkable for the noife which
he makes, ufually called bumping. See

BiTTOUR.

The pooriiJi have enemies enough, bcCdes fuch
unnatural fifhcrmen as otteis, the cormorant, and
the Utttrn. Walton.

So that fcarce
The h'iitern knows his time, with bill ingulpht.
To /hake the founding marfli. Ibmjtn.

Ei'ttern. n. J. [from litter.] A very
bitter liquor, which drains off in making
of common lalt, and uled in the prepa-
ration of Epfom fait, i^'incy.

Bi'ttermess. n./. [from bitter.]

I. A bitter tarte.

The idea of whitenefs, or iitlerrij,, is in the
mmd, exiflly an.wering that power which is in
any body ti produce it therr. Lxkt.

a. Malice; grudge; hatred; implacabi-
lity,

'I he billerntfi and animofity between the com-
mardrrs was fuch, that a great part of the army
wasmarchei. _ ClarerdJ.

3. bnarpnefs ; feverity of temper.

H s foriiws have fo ovcrwhelni'd his wits
Shn I we be thus alHiacd in his wreaki,
r . his f.e, «y, and hisi/Wm/j,' Staktfp.

int and Crew a.pfared now to have Cun-
.._-.., Biore ihnrrrfi and foumefs than formerly.

BIX

and viscremore referred towards the king's commif-

4. Satire; piquancy; keennefs of re-
proach.

Some think their wits have been afleep, except
the^ dart out fomewhat piquant, and to the quick :
men ought to find the difference between faUncfs
and titlermf,. g^,^„

5. Sorrow; vexation; affliftion.
There appears much joy in him, even fo much,

tiiat joy could not /how itfelf mo.left enough, with-
out a bad-e of kuterniji. .Stahfffa,!.
They /hall mourn for him, as one mourneth
for his only fon, and (hall be in biturnefi for hii.i.
as one tliat Is in hUterneft lor his (irft-born Zich.
Mod puifuc the pk-afarss, as they cail them,
of their naruics, whicij begin in fin, are carried on
with d3nt,er, and end in liiurmfi. Wake.

I oft, in hiiirnrfs of fou!, depior'd
My abknt daughter, and my desrer lord. P(^e.
Bi rTkRswEET. n. /. [from bitter and
/u-eef.] The name of an apple, which
has a compound talleof fweet and bitter.
It is but a bitlerfwctt at beft, and the line co
lours of the ferpent do by no means make amene,
for the fmart an J poilon of his fling. Scuth.

When I exprefs the tafte of an apple, which we
call the ihterjkveet, none can miltake what I mean.
„ , Walt,,

bi TTERVETCH. ». /. [ervum, Lat.] A
plant.

Bi'tterwort. «./ [gentiaita. Lit.] An
herb.

Bi't tour. »./. [butour, Fr. ardeaftellarii,
Lat.j The name of a bird, commonly
called the bittern (fee Bittern) but
perhaps as properly bittour.

Tlien to the water's brink (he laid her head :
And, as a h\tt(.ur bumps within a reed.
To thee alone, O Jake, (he faid, I tell. Dnd<n.

BiTu ME. ;,./ [from^//««M.J Bitumen.
See BiTt;M£N.

Mix with thcfe
Id*an pitch, quick ful. hur, filver's fpumc,
T, r^".?i"°"' '""='"'«, and black b\tumt. Mas-

BITU MEN. ,. / [Lat.] A fat unftuous
matter dug out of the earth, or fcum-
med off lakes, as the Afphaltis in Ju-
daea, of various kinds : fome fo hard as
to be ufed for coals ; others fo glutinous
as to ferve for mortar. Savary.

It is repoued, that t:,umtn mingled with liinc,
and put under water, will make as it were an arti-
ficial rock, tj.e fuoftasce becomelh fo ha.d. Bacon.

The fabrick feem'd a work of riling ground,
V\ ith fulphur an 1 bitumen cart between. DryJrn.

Buumn is a body that readily takes fire, yields
an oil, and is fuluble in wat-r. Waodivjr,;.

BiTu'MiNous,fl<^. [from bitumen.] Hav-
ing the nature and qualities of bitumen ;
compounded of bitumen.

_ Naph;ha, which wa, the blumimut mortarufed
in the walls of, Babylon, growj to an entire and
very hard matter, like a itone. Baccn.

Ihe fruiuge fair to fight, like that which grtw
Mear thubitumintui lake, where Sodom flam d.

n ' •■ r^ Milt!,n.

UiVA lve. adj. [from binus and 'ual'v^,
Lat.] Having two valves or (hutters : ::
term ufcd of thofe fiiTi that have two
Ihfils, asoyih>rs; and of thofe plants
whofe feed pods open their whole lengcli,
to difcharge their feeds, as peas.

In t!;e <..vitr lies loofe the (hell of fomr- for

B L A

Bi'zANTiNE. n. /. [more properly fpelt
byzantine ; hom Byzantium.] A great
piece of gold valued at fifteen pound,
which the king olFereth upon high fefli-
val days ; it is yet called a bizamine,
which anciently was a piece of gold
coined by the empcrours of Conftanti-
n"p!e. Camden,

To BLAB. -v. a. [ilaiberen, Dutch.]
J. To tell what ought to be kept fecret:
it ufually implies rather thoughtleflhefj
than treachery; but may be ufed ia
either fenfe.

The gaudy, blM'mg, and remorfeful day
Is crept into the bofom of the fea. Shaktffeare.

Thy dues be done, and none left out,
Ee the blabbing ealtern fcout,
The nice morn on the Indian fteep.
From her cabin'd loophole peep. Milton.

Nature has made man's breafts no wlndores.
To pobli/h what he does within doors ;
Nor what dark fectets there inhabit,
Unlefs his own rafh folly blab it. Hudibras.

Sorrow nor joy can be difguis'd by art.
Our foreheads i/«i the fctrets of our heart. Dryd.

It is unlawful to give any kind of religious wor-
(hip to a creature ; but the very indices of the
fathers cannot efcape the index exfurgalorius, fat
b.'albing fo great a truth. StilUngJIeH.

Nor whifpcr to 'the tattling reeds
The blackell of all female deeds ; :

Nor blab it on the lonely rocks.
Where echo fits, and lifi'ning mocks. Stoift,

z. To tell : in a good fenfe : not ufed.

That delightful engine of her thoughts.
That blabb'd them with fuch pleafing eloquence.
Is torn from forth that pretty hollow cage. Shak.

To Blab. I-, n. To tattle ; to tell tales.

Your mute I'll be ;
When my tongue hlah, then let mine eyes not fee.

Sbakejfiare, '

Blab. ti.f. [from the verb.] A telltale ;
a thoughtlefs babbler ; a treacherous
betrayer of fecrets.

The fecret man heareth many confelTions ; for
who will open himfelf to a blab, or babbler ? Bacon.

To have reveai'd
Secrets of man, the fecrets of a friend.
Contempt and (corn of all, to be excluded
All friend Ihip, and avoided as a blab. Mi/ton.

Whoever flieu's me a very inquifitive body, I'll
(hew him a blab, and one that (hall make privacy
as publick as a proclamation. VEftrangc.

I (hould have gone about /hewing my letters,
under the charge of fecrecy, to every blab of my
acquaintance. Sivift.

Bla'bber. ti.f. [from blab.] A taller; a

telltale.
'To E L a'b B e R . t/. ». To whiftle to a horfe.

Skinner.
Bla'bberlipped. Siinncr. SeeBLOB-

•■-; •— - t"\j»^ mc iiicii or lomf lar'
ot bnatw. larger than could be intr duced in at
"'^''^ *"'''<• Woodward.

BiVA Lvt/LA R. /7<^'. [from bi'valve.] Hav-
Ligtwo valves. p:^

Bi'xwoRT. n.f. An herb.

BERLIPPED.

BLACK, adj. [blac, Saxon.]

1. Of the colour of night.

In the twilight in the evening, in the black and
dark night. Proveris.

Ari(totle has problems which enquire why the
fun makes man black, and not the fire.; why it
wiiitens wax, yet blacks the (kin ? Bro-wn,

2. Dark.

The heaven was black with clouds and wind,
and then- was a i;r'-'t rain. i ATingi.

3. Cloudy of countenance ; fullen.

She hath abated mc of half my train;
Lo ik'd black upon me. Shake/peart.

4. Horrilile ; vvicked ; atrocious.

liitbqr my country never mull be freed, , ''
Or I c >~fer.ring to lo black a deed. DryJn,

5. Difmal ; mournful.

A dirt

B L A

B L A

B L A

'A i'lrt mdufllon tm I witntfs to ;
■And will to France, hoping the cojirequence
Viill proTe as bitter, black, and tragical. Shaiejf.

6. Black and blue. 1'he colour of a bruife ;
a ftripe,

Milliers Ford, good heart, it beaten hlaclt and
hint, that you cannot fee a white fpot about her.
Sbakefptare'i Merry Jf^rves of IVwdJor,
And,wing'd with fpeed and fury, flew
To lefcue knight from black and blue. Hsidibrai.
Blacic-browed. adj. [from black and
bro'w.'] Having black eyebrows ; gloo-
.jny 5 difmal ; .threatening.

Come, geniie night j come^ loving, i/aci-brow'd
. . night.
Give me my Romeo. Sbalifpearc.

Thus when a black-hrsv/'d guft begins to rife,
White foam at firft on the ciirl'd ocean fries.
Then roars the main, the billows mount the (kies

Drydtr,.

B L A c K - B R y o N y . «./ [tamaus, Lat. ] The

name of a plant.
Black-cattle. ». yl Oxen, bulls, and

xows.

The other part of the grazier's bufinefs is what
we call llaek-catlle, produces hides, tallow, and
beef, for exportation. Swiff.

Black-earth. «. /. It is every where
obvious on the furface of the ground,
and what we call mould. Wocdiuard.

Black-guard, adj. [from black and
guard."] A cant word amongft the vul-
gar ; by which is implied a dirty felt
low ; of the meaneft kind.

Let a black-guard boy be always about the
, houfe, to fend on your errands, and go to market
for you on rainy days. Swifi.

Black-lead. a./, [from black znilead.]
A mineral found in the lead-mines,
much ufed for pencils ; it is not fufible,
er not without a very great heat.

.You muft iirft get your black-lead iharpened
finely, and put fall into quills, for your rude and
firft draught. Peacbam.

Blacjc-mail. h./. a certain rate of mo-
ney, corn, cattle, er other confideration,
paid to men allied with robbers, to be
by them proteiled from the danger of
fuch as ufually rob or Heal. Covxll.

Black-pubding. n./. [from black and
pudding.] A kind of food madeof blctod
. and grain.

Through they were lin'd with many a piece
Of ammunition bread and cheefe,
And fat b/aik-puddmgs, proper focid
For warriours that delight in blood. Hudihras.

Black- ROD. n. /. [from ^/flir/{ and ?•(!</.]
The ufher belonging lo the order of the
garter ; fo called from the black rod he
carries in his hand. He is of th;; king's
chamber, and likewife ufher of the par-
liament. Covell.

Bl.ack. n./. [from the adjeftive.}

I, A black colour.

Jllack is the badge of hell.
The buepf dungcpr.s, and the fcowl of night. Sbak.
Fpr the produ.ftion of black, the corpufcles muft
be lefs than any of thofc which exhibit culnuts.

Nitbun.
%. Mourning.

Rife,,wrctched widow, rife; nor, undeplor.'d.
Permit ray ghoft to pafs the Stygian ford :
But tiff, prepar'd in blatk to mourn thy perifti'd
lord. Drydii:.

3. A blackamoor.

.4, /That part of the eye which is black.

It fufnces that it be in every part of the air,
■which is as bj| as the Hack or figlit of the eye.

• ZJi^iy.

7fl Black, v. a. [from the noun.] To
make black ; to. blacken.

Blackirg over the paper with ink, not only the
ink would be quickly dried up, but the paper,
that 1 could not burn before, we quickly fet on
fire. Beyle.

Then in his fury black" d the rav«n o'er.
And bid him piate in his white plumes no more.

Addifin.

Bla'ckamoor. n. /. {from black and
Moor.] Atnan by nature of a black com-
plexion ; a negro.

They are no more afraid of a blackanire, or a
lion, than of a nurfc or a cat. Loch.

Bla'ckberried Heath, [ejnpetrum, Lat.]
The name of a plant.

Bla'ck BERRY Bujh. n. f. [rubus , Lat.]
A fpecies of bramble.

BLA'c«BERRy. n.f. The fr«iit of the
bramble.

The policy of thefe crafty fneeringrafcals, that
ftale old mc.ufe-caten cheefe Ncftor, and that fame
dog-fox Ulyfles, is not proved vi'orth a h'ackherry.

Sbakejfeare.
Then fad he fung the Children in the VVood ;
How blackberries they pluck'd in defaits wild.
And fearlefs at theglittcring faulchion fmil'd. Gaj-.
Bla'ckbird. n.f. [from black and bird.]
The name of a bird.

Of . fuiging birds, tlicy have linnets, gold-
finches, blackbirds, thruflies, and divers others.

Carew.

A fchoolboy ran unto't, and thought
The crib was down, the blackbird caught. S-wift,

'To Bla'ck EN. f. tf. [from black.]

1 . To make of a black colour.

Blelsd by afpiring winds, he finds the Ilrand
Blackened by crowds. Prior.

While the long fun'rals blacken all the way, Pofc.

2. To darken ; to cloud.

That little cloud that appeared at firft to Elijah's
fervant no bigger than a man's hand, but ptefently
after grew, and fpread, and blackened the face ot
the whole heaven. South.

3. To defame, or make infamous.

Let us blacken him what v^•e can, faid that mif-
creant Harrifon of the blell'ed king, upon the word-
ing and drawing up his charge againft his ap-
proaching trial. South.

The morals blacken d, when the writings 'fcapc,
The libell'd perfon, and the piftur'd Ihape. Pope.

To Bla'ck EN. -v. n. To grow black, or
dark.

The hollow found
Sung in the leaves, the foreft (hook around.
Air blacken'd, roll'd the thunder, grcsn'd the
ground. Dryden.

Bla'ckish. adj. [fromblack.] Somewhat

black.
Part of it all the year continues in the form of a

blackifr oil. Byle.

B L a'c K MOOR. n.f. [from black and Moor.]

A negro.

The land of Chus makes no part of Africa ;
nor is it the habitation of blackmoors ; but the
country of Arabia, cfpecially the Happy and Stony.
Br:/U!ns Vulgar Eirours.
More to weft
The realm of Bacchus to the blackmoor fea. Milten.
Bla'ckness. n./. [fromblack.]
I. Black colour,

Bltcknrjs is only a difpofition to abforb, or ftiflc,

without rcflefl/on, moft of the rays 0/ every fort

that fall on the bodies. Locke.

There would emerge one or more very black

fpots, and, within thofe, other fpots of an intenfer

hlackneji. ' Nricton.

His tongue, his prating tongue, had chang'd him

quite

To hoty iltickiiefi from the purcft white. Mdijon.

2. DarkneFs.

His faults in him feem as the fpots of heav'n.
More fiery by night's blackrefs. Shakefpeare.

3. Atrocioufnefs ; horribleaefs ; wicked-
nefs-

Bla'cksmith. «. / [from black and
fmith.] A fmith that works in iron ; fo
called from being very fmutty.

The WacJS/iBifA may forge what he pii-afes. Hov>et,

Shut up thy doors with bars and bolts i it will

be impoflibic for the Hackfmith to make them fo

fall, but a cat and a whoremifter will find a way

through them. ipeBator.

Bla'cktail. n.f. [from black ana tail.]

A fifh ; a kind of perch, by fome called

raffs, or popes. See Pope. Di3.

Bla'ckthorn. n. J', [from black and

thorn.] The fame with the fl'je. See

Plum, of which it is a fpecies.

Bla'dder. n.f. [blabbj-.e, Saxon; blader,

Dutch.]

1 . That veflel in the body which contains
the urine.

The bladder (hould be made of a membranous
fubftaiice, and extre;nely dilatable, for receiving
and containing the urine till an opportunity of
emptying it. Ray.

2. It is often filled with wind, to which
allufions are frequently made.

That huge great body which the giant bore
Was vanquifli'd quite, and of that monftrous mafs
Was nothing left, but like an empty bladder was.

Spenfer.

A bladder but moderately filled with air, and
ftrongly tied, being held near the fire, grew ex-
ceeding turgid and hard ; but being brought nearer
to the fire, it fuddenly broke, with fo loud a noife
as made us for a while after almoft deaf. Boyle,

3. It is ufual for thofe, that learn to
fwim, to fupport themfelves with blown
bladders.

I have ventur'd.
Like little wanton boys that fwim on bladderSf
Thefe many fummers in a fea of glory.
But far beyond my depth: my highblown pride
At length broke under me. SbakeJ'peare*

4. A blifter ; a puftule.
Bladder-nut. ti. y. [Jlaphylodendron,

Lat.] A plant.
Bladder-sena. n./.Jfe/a/M, Lat.] The

name of a plant.
BLADE. H. / [bisb, bleb. Sax. bled,
Fr.] The fpire of grafs before it grows
to feed ; the green Ihoots of corn which
rife from the feed. This feems to me
the primitive fignification of the word
blade ; from which, I believe, the blade
of a fword was firft named, becaufe of
its fimilitude in ihape ; and, from the
blade of a fword, that of other weapons
or tools.

There is hardly found a plant that yieldeth i
red juice in the blade or ear, except it be the tree
that heartth fanguis draconiu Bacon*

Send in the feeding fiocks betimes, t' invade
The rifing bulk of the luxuriwtt blade. Drydcn.

If wc were able to dive into her lecret receffes,
we fliould find that the fmalleft blade of grafs, or
moft contemptible weed, has its particular ufe.

$tvift%

Hung on every fpray, on every blade
Of grafs, the myriad dewdrops twinkle round.

Tbomfon.

Blade. »./ [hlatte. Germ, blad, Dutch.]

I. The (harp or ftriking part of a weapon

or inftrument, diftiudl from the handle.

It is ufually taken for a weapon, and fo

called probably from the likenefs of a

fword

f

B L A

/Word ilcde to a blade of grafs. It is
commonly applied to the knife.

He fought ali lour.d about, his thirfty i/^^t
To bathe in blood of faithleis enemv. Fa\ry 0u.

She knew the virtue of h=r blade', nor would
foUute her fabre with l-rioble blood. Dryhn

Be his this fword, wnofe bladt of brafs-diiplays

2. A briik man, either fierce or gay, called
fo in contempt. So we fay mettle for
tturage.

VouH find yourfelf miftaken. Sir, if you'll
take opon you Co judge of thefe bUdt, by their
earbs, looks, and outward appearance. VEftrarpt.

Then, turning about to the hangman, he faTd,
Oiipatch me,- 1 pn'thee, this troublcfome bhde.

Blade 0/ tie SicMer.rn./. The bone

JJladeeone. j called byana-

tomifts the fcapula, or fcapular bone.

He tell mod furioufly on the broiled relicks of

a flioulder of mutton, commonly called a bladeb'jne.

_ Pof€.

^0 Blade, •v. a. [from the noun ] To

furnilh or fit with a blade.
Bla'ded. adj. [from blade.-\ Having
blades or fpires.

Her filrcr vifige in the wat'ry glafs,
Decking with liquid pearl the AW,J grafs. Shah
X. ^» *■}'"= the light,,ing runs along the ground,
Nor bhded grafs, nor bearded corn fucceeds.
But fcales of fcurf and putrefaftion breeds. Dryd.
Blaiv. ». /. [blejene. Sax. bleyne.
Dutch.] A puilule ; a botch ; a bMer.

c n I, . , . Jtehes, i/ji«.

Sow all th Athenian bofoms, and the ct»p

Be general Icprofy. ShaUfpeare.

B'Jtches and blauu mufl all his flcfli imbofs.
And, II h„ people. j^/,^„_

Whene er I hear a rival nam'd,
I feel my body all inUam'd ;
Which breaking out in boils and hlam,
Wi^th yellow filth my linen ftains. S-w\ft.

Bla'mable. adj. lUova blame.\ Culpa-
ble; faulty. '^

Virtue is placed between two extremes, which
we on both fides equa'ly btamatlt. Drydtn.

Bla'mableness. n.f. [from blamable.l
Fault ; the ftate of being liable to
blame; culpablenefs ; faultinefs.
B:.A'MABLT.a</i/. [from bla/nntle.] Cul-
pably ; m a manner liable to cenlure

A procefs may be carried on againft a perlon,
that IS malicioudy or bUn,My ablent, even to a
definitive fentence. jlilitT

To BLAME, -v. a. [blamer, Fr.]
I. To cenfure; to charge with a fault-
Jt generally implies a flight cenfure.

Ourpinv'r
Shall do a courtfy to our wrath, which men
Way blame, but not conlroul. Shahjpure.

Porphyrlu^ you too far did tempt your tatc-
Tis true, your duty to mc it became ;
But, praifing that, I maft your conduft hiame.

— , „ Diyden.

Each findmg, hke* friend,
Something to bUne, and fomething to commend.

2. To blame has ufually the particle 7or
before th; fault.

The reader mull not hUmt me for making ufe
here all along ot th", word fentimenu L«h.

3. Sometimes, but rarely, of.

Tomoreu, he Uamci cf inconfiderate rartinef-,
for that he would bufy hlmfelf in matters not be
longing t- hii vocation. Kmltc,', Hlft. ^f,he rurki

Blame, t.f. [from the verb.]
I. Imputation of a fault.

lo arm;, the praifc olfucccfl is AareiT among

B L A

many J yet the blame of mifadventuws !s charged

upon one. ,, ° J

Tk 1 1 ,, t/ayitiard.

they lay the b/ame on the poor little ones,

fomcfmes paffionately enough, to divert it from

thcmlelves. r .

p, - , Locke.

2. crime ; that which produces or de-
ferves cenfure.

Who would not judge us to be difcharged of all
*/;>»?<•, which are confeft to have no great fault,
even by their very word and teftimony, in whofe
ey« no fault of ours hath ever hitherto been ac
cuitomed to feem fmall. h^^^^,.

1 unfpeak mine own detraflion ; here abjure
The taints and W^«„ I bid upon myfelf.
For ftrangers to my nature. Siaiejfcare.

3. Hurt. Not now in ufe.

Therewith upon his crcft
With rigour fo outrageous he fmit,
That a large (hare it hew'd out of the reft.
And glancing down his Ihield, from bhme him
tairlybleiK Fairy Sl^ern.

4- i here is a peculiar ftruaure of this
word, in which it is not very evident
whether it be a wa« or a verb, but I
conceive it to be the „om,. To blame,
in i-rench a tort ; culpable ; worthy of
cenlure. '

You were K i/a„,, j „„(i ^^ j^j^ ^-^
To part fo flightly with your wile's firft giftl

whlrlT "?h '* *''"'"' '^'y "^-^ miftitcnf'but;
whether they were ,0 blame in the manner.

Now we fhould hold them much ,0 !u^'^"'-
If .hey went back before they came. Prior

Blameful, adj. [from blame mA fuin
<-riminal ; guilty ; meriting blame.

Is not the caufer of thefe timelefs deaths
A^ blameful as the executioner ? l^hakefteare

Bluntwitted lord, ignoble in demeanour, ''
If tver lady wrong'd her lord fo much,
rhy mother took into her blameful bed
Some Item untutor'd churl. kl„i u

Bla'mhless. adj. [from blame.] "^'"'"

B L A

Gu.ltlefsj innocent; exempt from
cenfure or blame. ^

iiatlJ^ZLTt "^'"~"^' "" ^;p^r' '"^

The flame, afcend on either altar S? "' ^•
While thus the blamelef, maid addrcfs'd her prayV.

Such a leirening of our coin will deprifeVen
number, of blamelfs men of a fi.th par't of fhdr

2. Sometimes it is ufed vvith of. ^'"'"'

We will bzblamdef.ofxkh thine oath.
D ' Jojhua, ii. 17.

Bl A ME. ,ESLr. ad'v. [from blameu/.]
Innocently ; without crime. ^

nnr'rh.' '*>= "'."H' °Vf^f^"S "r'icit artidr,, and
not the not b:l,eving them when not reveaiej or
ITaZni ^'5 ""-^-". '«-"« which he an„°
h^Jt' "■■*°«.P"'in«y. hold out, that wi'
bu.g danger of ruin on any. 'nal7Jd.

Bla melesness. „./ [from ilamele/s.-]
Innocence ; exemption from cenfure.

. ^"'"grefolvediwih him in Homer, that al'
;s cnargeable onjupiter^and fate, th.y infer, with

!,•_ L 1 , .' J"K"" ana rate, thry nicr. wir^
h^-r,,thei/W,^Wtheinferio'urasUC';.

blames or finds fault; a cclrer '^^

In me you-ve hallowed a pagan mufe.
And denizon d a Kranjer, who miltaught

virfur::^!^.''"'''''''^^'"'"-^''-'^^-^'''

r) , Donne

Bl;imewort„v. adj. [from blame and
T Tl Culpable; blamable; wor-
thy of blame or cenfure.
Although the famelhould bt blame^uortbi. ytl

ilocktr.

To BLANCH. 'V. n. [bloHcblr, Fr.J
I. To whiten; to change from fomtf'
other colour to white.

• You can behold fuch fights,
And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks.
When mine is WancAVwith f.ar. Shakfpeare.

A way of whiting wax cheaply may be of ufer
and we have fct down the prailice of tradefmcn
who tlarch it. d ;

And fin's black dye feems blancb'J bv agfto

2. ro ftrip or peel fuch things as have
hulks.

Their flippers may be bilket, raiCns of the fun,
and a few blanched almonds. fyTfcmar. ■

3- To flur; to balk; topafs over; tofhift
away. Not now in ufe.

The judges thought it dangerous to admit ifs
and ands, to quaHfy tieafon; whereby every one
might expreis his malice, and bia„cb his danger.
Vrt ^accn.

tV- u, T "'t tranfported in an aaion that warms
the blood and ,s appearing holy, to blanch, or
take (or admitted, the point of lawfulnefs. Bdcon.

/^» Bl A N CH^. „. To evade ; to /hift ;
to (peak foft.

Ofiim confiUrii mortui ; books will fpcak plain.
whenc.unfellorsi/.„.A, ^ IZ\

Blancher. „. f, [from blanch.] A
whitener. 2)/^

BLAND, adj. [blandus, Lat.] Soft; mildj
gentle. '

In her face excufe
Came prologue, and apology too prompt;
Which, with WaW words at will, ihe thus addrefs'd.

Aiikon.
An even calm
l"r-[<-l^\ rcign-d, fave what the zephyrs bland
Breath d o'er the blue expanf^ n,„fi„,

V^ Blandish. ^. «. [blandior, Lat.]
1 0 fmooth ; to foften. I have met with •
this word m no other paflage.

W.I. z, ... . MulVring all her wiles.
With iWj«V parleys, feminine aCuilts,
J ongue-batteries, ftc fo.ceas'd not day nor night
1 o^ftorm me ovcr-watch'd, and wearv'd our. Milt.
Ui-ANDisHMENT. „. / [(rom blartdijh i
blanditiee, Lat.]

1. Aa of fondnefs ; expreffion of tender-
neis by gefture.

The little babe up in his arms he hent,

•Can' fmit '''"'""" '"'' '"'''' ^'"'^'•J'^""'

' ^ . , , , Spcnjjr,

taeh bird and bend, behold
Approaching two and two ; thefe cow'rirg low -
V^a^blaM„..c., "^^/^^^^

2. 5)0ft words; kind fpeeches.

wh.„ K^j ^""tnefs and bland,Jhm,nt of word.,
that he took to heart. n *

J. lund treatment ; carefs.

R, ^Tr ^c"^^ T'" "'"' ^^•""''P'>'M detains : .
But I fufpedl the town where^Juno reign.. Dryd.

1' ', „* "^^r"" """"'""i'y^ neither blandijh.
»«r,n.rprom,fc, are omitted. ' .s4>.

BLANK, adj. [hlanc, Fr. derived Ly
Menage from Albianus. Xhyx% :■ AlbiaiJ,
albtamcus b,amcus. biancus, -bianco,
llantcus. b/a,uu,, hlanc ; by others, from
blanc, which, ,n Danifli, llgnifies /»,V,.
'ng ; in conformity to which, the Gcri
mans have blanch,; to fhlne ; the Sax-
ons, blxcan ; and the Englifh. bleach. '
to whiten.]

I. White.

Tr.ir^hVr"^' '"■'^"■""'' i '» "^'•">" fiv«
Ihcirpl.metary motion^. Mdti„.

Without

B L A

B L A

B L A

S. Wilkftt «T'ttii)g i unw-ritteR ; empty
"«| an Hwrka.

Our lubftiturei >t home fhiU line M<nt chittcrt,
Whctrto, when tbfy know th«t men ire rich,
Tbcy IhiU fublcribe cIkqi Idr luge fufns of cold.

Upon the debtor fi<ic> I &ad innun-cahle srti-
cle> ; but, upon the creditor 6dc, Uttk more ihin

J. P»le ; confiifed ; crufhed ; difpirited ;'
Albdued ; dcprefTcd.
TIttte wKhout fuch boaA,or 6ga of joy.

Solicitous ind tUnk, l:e t. ut be^an. JkCtkm,

Ad«m, Ccon a> he heard
The fatal trefpafs d.•^^.c by Etc, amax'd,
Aftonied ftood, and HAttk, while honour chill
Ran through his rans, and all hit joiotj rciai'd.

But new no face divine contentment weir; ;
*Tis all kU*k fadnefs, or colttinual i'eaii, Pr/v.

4. Without rhyme ; where the rh^rme is
iUatteJ, or mi fled.

The lad) fltali lay her mind ftoely, or the H«fk
verfe ikall halt for it. ' SUk^etn.

Lon( have your cart been fill'd with tra^ick
pttti;
Blood lad Html yafe have harden'd all your heartt.

Oar Unt Tcrfe, where then it no rhrme to fup-
port the cxpt«fioa, it extremely difficult to fuch u
arc not maften in the tongue. jU£Jtm,

Blank, u.f. [from the adjefUve.]
I. A void (pace on paper.

1 cannot WTite a paper hill as 1 ufcd to do \ and
yet 1 «riU Dot fottiTC a U*»k of half an inch from
you. i«!7>,

5. A lot, by which nothing is gained ;
which has no prize marked upon it.

If you have hcarJ \our general ta.k of Rome,
And of his friends there, it is lots to A.,»»Ji
My name hath touch'd %'our ran. Sk^kijft*^,

In ^rtuneH lottery lies
A heap ofiUwIa, like this, ^ one inull pi^R.

The worid the coward will defpif:,
When Uic 's a Utnl, who pulls not for • priie.

3. A paper from which the writing is
effaced.

She hat left him
The Aunrf of what he was ;
I tell thee, euouch, flie hat ^ite onmann'd h'ni.

4. A paper unwritten ; any thing with-
out roaiks or charaifters.

For him, 1 think not oa bia { for his thouffatr.
Would they wctc ilamb, iMbct than fiJ'd with

O.: what is neceffary,

Seais . ) to a i^-iti of danger. Sitktf.

>.^; ;i,c book of knowlcdp fair,
Prrfcotej with an uni^eifsl iltmk
Ofnjture's«x»iks, tome ripun^'iand rat'd. ^f;.'.-.

Life n\x\ he cne great hUmk^ which, though not
bloi^eJ with fin, is yet without any chara&is 01
{riit -■•f virnje. Rtgrr^,

5. The point to which aa arrow is dirrA-
ed ; fo called, becaulV, to be mote vi-
fible, it u;u marked wuh white. Now
difoTed.

Slander.
V .'per o'er the .' -ter,

: ■>e csnnon :
Til '.Mi'JiS-t. Sitkr^*tn.

6. Ah. . Not ufcd.

i .r hailjt king ,

I< f alte beyond my aim { »ut ^f the M»i

And v<i- t'>v» h'. n. Siitkijlf*0rt.

And - 'Vif.-;^,

F .

7. Ob, ..ch any thing i.

J

S.T belter, Lear, and let me Aill temaiB
The true i'.'aul of thine eye, Slsktfffare,

Tt Blank. <i-. «. [from t-Lmi i 6li»-

thir, Fr.]
I. To damp ; to confiife ; to difpirit.

Each oppoCte, that K^inlti the face of toy,
Meetwhatl would have W'f ' ' .^mI.

Dagoa nuft ftooy, aitd v
Such a di(comfir. ss 1^1 ill c ^ ...

^ Of all thefe b. . won on me.

And with cor 'j «^*^ft;'ppers. .W?^^.

If the athci'.l, »:ic.-. K,-
hit foul trmaint, how will :
iirtW.' J

i. To efface; to annul.

All fotroer porpofcs were JiVih/, thr ^ ^ ■ -^ -
at a bay, and all that charge Ibft and .:

Bla'kket. H.f. [HaK(ht!lt,?T.]

1. A woollen cover, foft, and loofely wo-
ven, fpread commonly upon a bed, over
the lineu theet> for the procurement ci
warmth.

Nor hear'n peep tfaiooffa tiwMMteof the darl.
To vr\ , hold * hold ! ^mk^irt.

The abilitiet of nan mall fall ihoit oa mm fide
or other, like too fcanty a hUiia when joo an
a-bed ; if yr>u pull it upoa your &9uMcn, you

le^ L.-. . :• vnu thtwft it down apoD

> . e uncovcnd. 7iwfit.

ied chiefiKe fpkt.
As from the i—^ttt high in air he flir<. F.-fe.

2. A kind ot' pear, Ibmeiiznes written

r* Bl.<v'ncet. «. «. [from the noun.]
I. To cover with a blanket.

My face I'.l (;rimr with fi!th j
BUnka my l.^iiu \ tie all my hair in k:io». .S^'ai.

I. To tofs in a blanket, by way of penalty
or contempt.
.•VS, oh ! he cry'd, what ftirst, what Uae, but
knows
Our purgiogt, pompnitt, Ijhriiriiji, *ad blr>«t .-

Pfe.

Bla'k k:.t. tul'v. [from ^'diti.] In a blank
manner ; with whitenefs ; with pale-
ncl's ; with confufion.

r^Bi-ARE. -i. ». [iiwiar, Dutch.] Tobel-
low ; to roar. Skimur.

Te BLASPHE'ME. v. *. [Mf^^&ow, low
Lat.]

1. To fpeak in terms of impious irrere-
rence of God.

2. To fpeak evil of.

The tiucii iflije of thy throne

By hit own imerdiaion Aandt acran'd;.

And doct HJIm hit breed. SiaU^ttr..

Thoft wl).> Awn oar taboan heap tbcir board,

BU'piim:' their feeder, and l> rget their lord. Pif*

7« B L A s r H c' M B . V. ». To fpeak blafphe-
mv.

LiwrofMj^urf.fJ«w. • S»<*;^ae*.

I punilhed them aft in every ffUttegK, and

compel ed them to Htjfimti, jtSs,

Blasphe'iher. m./. [fi\>m t/i^twf.j A

wretch that fpeaks of God in imptoos

and irreverent term;.

W .".n was be^re a Mg^tearr, and 1 perfecutor,

a-.l injur* out. I ^Taarfr.

l^.en Ikat Itj^laair kiaMf woaM inward];

rT> - c ><•« rearovo^ .at Ik ia lat heart mSy

I )«b« tw—ily bafe tfetKx. ^Mitf.

. .irrt Wrjtnaff's tcngur to T«ge^

A.io t, > ■ "ge. ?i.-t«S.

Sh.' he rod,

Decjule tue iniui; s r.-: ;.^ ni.. -. . .:;«iod? J*^.

Bla'sfhemous. «^. [from /.V^irwf. It
is ufual y fpokt . ; ;it on the

£rll fyUable, b- -• with it

on the fecond.l Impioufly irreverent
with regard tr God.

O tr-jT, rake ^u the godt daft move.

To cauic full w h'ucanfl not refiS;

BU^ttmzm w.^ . do prove. Sii»,

Ami darV t) ' .4 propouni

To worihip thee , . ....je iccurft

For ihit attempt, boldet ctiaa that on Etc,

Aad oure iUj*i»mm> t Miim.

A man can tui^'y oafs the Areett, widtoai hav-
ing hii eaia grated ».,h b.;«.^d acd kuMmutt
oaths and curfct. Tilla/a.

That aay thsag that wear* tlw aane m a

chnfi.^n. or lut of n.ar-.. ihAu.d vcatttie ta <!«■
fu.' :^Jfi^ma ilkr-

ti.-:. .i.i! jw*.

Bla'$fheuou.^l\ . m iJM/^kimt.^

Impicufly ; w^th • .^ w , irrerereaoe.

^- wU of b-« reafoo, while 2k

».' : up to coDtioul the eon-

raji.fi . ; ::>. .^ini ;-.ry? Svt^,

Bla'sphemt. »./. [from Um^itmt.]

SUJjitrr}, ttri^iy and propcHy, it an .fiet ing sf
r>me indignity, or iajary, uaco Cod himfitif, ei-
ther by wiirds or writing. Jtj^t.

Eut that my bcaK '^ oa htwe m'fchief fet,
I anxild fpeak M;/^4a^ ere bidycu fiy;
But fly yon moft. atalj^ii.

Inttia&ck fOodae& coisfitls in accotdaaoe, aad
fin =- — — -?ty, to the fecret will of God j or
e'.: not be dc£ac4 goad, ib far at lu«

th- rciett, bat oely faperfciaBy gaed,

.' s fir as he IS pleafcd to icveal himfcif, w hidi it
pe^lefi Wj^Aflwj to imagine. H—mmd.

BLAST, nlf. [fhmi bhepc. Sax. hU^i
Germ. 10 blow,]

1. A guft or pufi'of wind.

I'hey thai .land hi^l. hitemaay litJU to ftalte
them i
Aad, if ihey fall, they 4a& tlaemfehei t» pieces.

. Hwo,
Th.iu unfobf ^; I embracej

1 >. . hau blown onto the —g

frtnaps tny tortuneaotii egMKal ike windt,
D.^th loofe or biad ikar Utdt ia-feret cave. Ft^.

Tsr~- .1. nt wrn. hernM by the fcachaa ivUf,
-A .^et withAwfca*. DriJrm.

2. 1 by blowing sny inini-
mcnt of wind mu£ck.

In pea^r ;'.Kr: \ .-i.->;h: s fo becantet a BMB,
As mo;.-

Bot wfc.- .T\ aur eatt,

TI. .e action f! the Vfsa. SlJli^un.

^ oampet— tbe aagelick Uajf
F ,-^5ioat. JHSha.

The Veli.-ie lountains, and fulphamat K«r,
Shake at the baichil iitA, the fi^aal of the war.

Z>i7w-'ca.

Whether there be two jifierrat goddcHcs called
Fame, or oac feMeft feotriBng two diSr^vnt trsm.
pcrs, it is ctttata irUlaiaj liat at good a title t? a
Ht/t tmta i)k ftvfw truspet, at virtue has (rem
the former, SviO,

3. The ftroke of* malignant plare: ; is^
infeftion of any thjag peililenti*.'. [teoa
the verb 7* lljifi.'\

B\ the «»yf of Cxi they pTsfli. Jii,

Te Blast, v, «. [ftxMn the noon,]

1, To ftrike with fame fudden plague or

C.i'-rn;;v.

'ngflanm

I ■ , , y,

'^ :'c4^ dtaw.i by tu f^»xrt»A An,

jJ her pnde. 5c«t .'*..»*.■

o.t ' r oi ;...s, it tiwte not Ibae cbeCea cuiie,
Soae hiddca tboadec ia the Aaie of kea««s.
Red with aaooaunoa wrari^ lo tJ)t the a>an
Vn>a own hit gntiutb ta liit cuont^v't t«ia }

z. To T'

t'pe.'. ^i*ltef 001 wtj^'Sitt.

Aad

BLA

• i-m

BLC

Vast I «■ jMo^ i[, Ac a lb*r «><<.

T~^"' " g ■ ji' ■■"*■»'■» 'J ihw^Ti' lit

B L E

* LE

B L E

?. To dim the eye*.

This may ftar.i for 1 pretty fupfTficial jrgu-
nienC, to iltar out eyes, and lull lis aflecp in fecu-
ricy. Raitigh.

Ble'aredness. n.f. [from iUareJ.'\ The
ftate of being bleared, or dimmed with
rheum.

The dcfluxioo falling upon the edges of the
. eyclidt, makes a lltareir.tji. Wi^ev.an.

To BuEAT. 'v.n. [bliccan, Saxon.] Tocry
as a flieep.

We were as twlnn'd lambs, that did friflc i' th'
fun.
And lltiit the one at tV other. Sbuhrffesre.

You may as well ufs tjaertion with the wi^lf,
V/hy he iutl» made the ewe tteat for the lamb.

^Sefcb. of l^atUf*

While on fweet grafs her bkaung char.;e docs lie,
'Our happy lover feeds upon her eye. Rojtivmon.

What bull dares bcUon, or what ihecp dare; hleitt.
Within the lion's den ? Drydtn.

Bleat, n.f. [from the verb.] The cry
of a (heep or iamb.

Set in my Ihip, mine ear reach'd, where we rode,

The bellowing of oxen, and the bkat

Of fleecy ihccp. Chapman.

■Bleb. n.f. [Wii^/;, to fwell. Germ.] A

bliiter. Skinmr.

Bled. JireUrite and participle, [from To

bUcd.]
.?■(» Bleed, -v. n. pret. I ikJ ; I luve

ileii. [bliban, Saxon.]
i. To lofe blood ; to run with blood.

1 bleed inwardly for my lord. Shatejpeare.

Bleed, bleed, p^or country !

"Great tyranny, lay thou thy bafis fure ;

For goodnefs dare not check thee ! Shakefpiare.

Many, upon the feeing of others bleed, or ftran-

gled, or tortured, themfelves are ready to faint, as

itthcy /j/iv/. Bjiiii.

:2. To die a violent death.

The lamb thy riot dooms to hieed'ia-iiy ;
Had he thy reaf6n, would he (kip and play ? Pope.

•3.- To. lofe blood medicinally ; as, he hlal
for a fever.

4. To drop, as blood. It is applied to
any thing that drops from fonie body on
incilion, as blood from an animal.

For me tlic balm iliall bleed, and amber flow,
The coral n-dden, and the ruby glow. P'pe.

Te Bleed, -u. a. To let blood ; to take
blood from..

That from a patriot of diftinguifti'd note,
Have bled and purg'd me to a fimpic vote. Pope.

Bleit. 7 '^i- Bafhful. It is ufed in
Blate. J Scotland, and the bordering

counties.
TflBLE'IVIISH. f. a. [from Ihme, Junius;

from bleme, white, Fr. Skinner.']
I. To mark with any deformity.

Likelier that my outward face might have been
(lifi;uifcd, than that the face of fo excellent a mind
conld have been thus blemijhed. Sidney.

.2. To defame ; to tarnifh, with refpedl to
lepatation.

Not that my verfe would blem'tp all the fair ;
Potyetif fomebcbidj'tis wifdom toheware. Vtyd.

'I^hofp, who, by concerted defamations, cndea.
vourtto^/<'in^ his chara^cr, incur the complicated
guilt of (lander and perjury. Add'tjon.

3i.e'mi6H- n.j. [from the verb.]
». A mark of deformity ; a fear ; a di-
minution of beauty.

As he hath caufed a blei/tyh in a man, fo (hall it
be 'done to him again. Leviticus.

Open it fo from the eye-lid, that you divide
not that ; for, in fc doing, you will leave a reme-
AUcfs bl:.K:Jh, fVifemnn.

2. Reproach; difgrace; imputation.

That you have been earned, (hould be no blemijij
or difcredit at all unjo you.,- Hexker.

And if we (hall ncjiled to propagate tbefe
h!!j(rcd difpoficiiins, what others can unilcrtakc it,
wi'hout fume bletnijb to us, fome reflexion on our
negligence ? Sprmi.

None more induftrioudy publi(h the hlemipjet ot
an extraordinary reputation, than fuch as lie open
to the fame cenfarcs ; raifing applaufc to thcm-
folves, for refcmbling a perfon of an exalted repu-
tation, though in the blameable parts of his cha-
racter. Aiidijon.

3. A- foil; turpitude ; taint ; deformity.

f irft (hall virtue be vice, and beauty be counted

.3 bit. -.jh.

Ere that I leave with fong of praife her praife to

folemniae. kidney.

.Live thou, and to thy mother dead attell,

Thatdear fliedicd iromblemijh criminal. Fairy S^.

Is conformity with Rome a bkmijh unto the

ehnrch of England, and unto churches abroad an

ornament ? Hooker.

Not a hair pcriih'd :
On their fui^aining garments not a blemijh.
But freiher than before. Sbakefpeare,

Evadnc's huiband 1 'tis a fault
To love, a bhmijh to my thought. Waller.

Tliat your duty may no blemijh take,
I will mylelf your father's captive make. Drydcrt.
Such a mirth as this is capable of making a
beau' ., as well as a blemijh, the fubjeft of derifion,

Addijon.

To Blench, ■v. n. To Ihrink ; to ftart
back ; to give way : not ufed. ■

I'll obfcrve his looks j
I'll tent him to the quick; if he but llench,
I know my courfe. Sbakefpeare.

Patience herfelf, what goddefs e'er (he be,
Doth lefi'er bleneh at fuft'erance than I do. Shakejp.

Hold you ever to our fpecial drift ;
Though fometimes you do bleneb from this to that,
As caui'e doth miniftcr. Sbakefpeare.

To Blench, 'v. a. To hinder; to ob-
ftrua. Not ufed.

The rebels beliegcd them, winning the even
ground on the top, by carrying up great truflV-s
of hay before them, to blench the defendants
fiiiht, and dead their ihoc. Carenv,

To BLEND, -v. a. preter. I blended; an-
ciently, blent, [blinban, Saxon.]

1. To mingle together.

'Tis beauty truly ^twr, whofe red and white
Nature's own fweet and cunning hand hach laid
on. Sbakefpeare.

The mill'ton taught by the ancients is too llii;ht
or grofs ; for bodies mixed acco;ding to their hy-
pothefis, would not appear fuch to the apute eyes
of a lynx, who would difccrn the tleme^cs, if they
were no othcrwife minj;kd, than but blended l>at
not united. Soyle.

He had his calmer influence, and his mien
Did love and mnjeily together blend, Dryden.

The grave, where even the great find rci>,
And blended lie ih' opprelTor and tli' opnrcis'd.

P9fe.

2. To confound.

The moon Ihould wander from her beaten way,
the times and fealons of the year blend thcmfelve,-
by difordercd and confufed mixtu e. Ho'^f.

3. To pollute; to fpoil ; to corrupt. This
fignilication was anciently much in ufc,
but is now wholly obfolcte.

Wliich when he faw, he burnt with jealous f^" j
The eye of reafon was with xa^e yblenr. Fitiry ^

Regard of worldly muck doth femWy- blend.
And luw abafe th.: high heroick fpirit. Fmry.^

The whilrt thy kingdom from thy head is rent,
And thy throne royal withdi(honour Hen'. Spenfcr.

Ble'nder. n.f. [iroia To blend.] The

perfon that mingles.
Blent. The obfolete participle o( blend.

See Blend.

To BLESS. 'V. a. preterite and participle,
blejfed Qx bleji. [bleppan, Saxon.

1 . To make happy ; to profper ; to make
fuccefsful.

The (ju.iliry of mercy it not (Irain'd ;
It droppcth as the gentle rain of heaven
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blefi'd;
It bleffeth him that gives, and him that takes.

Sbakefpeare,

Had X but died an hour before this chance,
I had liv'd a blejfed time ; for, from this inftant.
There 's nothing fcrious in mortality. Shakefp,

Thii kingdom enjoyed the greateft calm, and tlie
fulleft meafure of felicity, that any people, in any
age, for (0 long time together, have been Heffii
with. Ctarendun,

Happy this ille, with foch a hero blcft ;
What Virtue dwells not in his loyal bread ? Waller,

In vain with folding arms the youth alTay'd
To ftop her flight, and drain the flying (hade ;
But (he retum'd no more, \ablcfi bis longing eyes.

Dryden.

O hofpitable Jove ! we thus invoke,
Blefs to both nations this aufpicious hour. Dryden.

2. To wilh happinefs to another ; to pro-
nounce a bleiiliig upon him.

And this is the blcding wherewith Mofes th«
man of God bltffed the children of Ifrael before
his death. Deutaonmty.

3. To confecrate by a prayer.

He blejfui, and brake, and gave the loaves.

Matthev3,

4. To praife ; to glorify for benefits re-
ceived ; to celebrate.

Unto us there is one only gj'de of all agenti
natural, and he both the creator and worker of all
in all, alone to be bUJfed, adored, and honoured by
all for ever. Hooker.

But blefs'd be that great pow'r, that hath ai
blefs'd
With longer life than earth and heav'n can have.

Davitu

5. It feems, in one place of Spen/er, ta
fignify the fame as to icave ; to bran-
dip ; to fiourijh. This lignification is
taken from an old rite of our Romilh an-
cellors, who, bhjjing a field, direded
tht'ir hands in quick fucccl&on to all
parts of it-

Whijm when the prince to battle new addrefl,
And thrcat'ning high his dreadful droke did (txr.
His fparkling blade about his head he bUft,
And fmote oH quite bis right leg by the knee.

Fiiiry Sjaen.
Ble'ssed. particip. adj. [from To ble/sS]

1. Happy; enjoying felicity.

Bl<l/ed are the barren. I.yke,

2. Holy and happy ; happy in the favour
of God.

All generations (hall call m; blejfed. l,uke,

3. Happy in the joys of heaven.

B eJJ'ed arc the dead whic)i die in ihe Lord. Rev.

Ble'ssed Thijlle. [c/hV;//, Lat.] The name
of a plant.

Ble'ssedlv. adv. [from blejfed.] Hap-
pily.

This aecident of Clitophon's taking, had fo
hhfl'edly procured'tlu- r meeting. Sidney.

Ble'ssed NESS. n.f. [from blsffed.]

1. Happinefs; felicity.

Muny times have 1, leaning to yonder palm, ad-
mired the blej'ednefs of it, that it could bear love
without the (tnfc of pain. Sidney..

His overthrow hcap'd happinefs upon him j
For then, and not till then, he felt h.rafelf,
And found the bleJfeSneJs of being little. Sbak^fp.

2. Saniflity.

EaithJier happy is the rofc dirtill'd,
Th in that, which, withering on the virgin thorn,
Grows, lives, and dies in fingle blejl'ednefs. SbakeJp.
3. Heavtnly

BL I

J. Heavenly felicity.

It is fuch an one, as, being begun in grace,
panes into glory, ^'^j^a^/S, and immortalltv. 5c;«,.''

4. Divine favour.

Ble'sser. n. /. [from ile/s.'] He that

bleffes, or give* a bleffing ; he that

makes any thing profper.

When thou receivclt praik, take it indifferently,
and return it to God, the giver of the titt, or hlelJer
oftheaOion. cj-^f,^^

Ble'ssing. n. /. [from bhfs.]

t. Benediaion ; a prayer by which hap-

pinefs is-implored for any one.
3. A declaration by which happinefs is

promifed in a propheticlc and authori-

tativt manner.

The perfon that is called, kneeleth down before
the chair, and the father layeth hi, hand upon his
head, or her heid, and giveth the bkffmg. Bac:r..

J. Any of the means of happine/s; a gift;
an advantage ; a benefit.

Nor are his bi,£;,:?! to his banks confin'd.
Jut free, and common, as the fea and wind.

n-1-.- 1 • 1 ,• . . Dtttbjm.

Pohtical jealoufy is very reafonable in terlons
p»fuaded ot the ey.tei:ency r.f their conrtitution,
who believe th..t they derive from it the moft va-
luable i/r/.^j of fociety. jldJlfoK

Ajult anj wile magidrate is .1 H,Ji;„g awrxren- '
Sve as the community to. which he belongs • a
bhffmi which i-.clud:! ah utber l/ijrr., wha:fo<ver
th.t relate to .lis I.fc. .f/r.^w!

-f. Divine favour.

My pretty coufin,
-B/^»f upon you ! Shak:(piarc

a had moil need of blcfwg, and Amen
Stuck in my thrc.t. Shahf(,eur,.

Honour tny fa^^er and mnther. both in «urd
ihd deed, that a blrjlng may come upon thee from
Cnenn. » .

He fl»ll receive thcU.JJmg frnm the Lord. P/i'.
5. 1 he Hebrews, under this name, often
underftood the prefents which friends
make to one another ; in all probabi-
bty, becauie they are generally attended
With blcjji,tgs and compliments both from
ttofe who give, and thofe who receive.

a J I L r • . ; Calmet.

And Jacob faKl, receive my prefer at my hand ;
take, 1 pray thee, my tLf.^^ that ,s brcught t
T> ' . . Gaifii.

iii-fsT.pretirHemAfttrtidpIe. [from ilejiA

Peace to thy gentle (hade, and endlefs rell '
Jiup in thy senius, in thy 1 >»« too bhfi I p^,,
Blew. The freterite from i.'exu.

The reft fled into a Orong tower, where, feeinr
no remedy, they defperately b/co up ti^mfeivest
wth a great part of the caSle, with gunpowder.
I! /■ . . ™ Kn://cs.

liLEYME. n. /. An inflammation in the
■ foot of a horfe, between the fole and the

_ ^°"«- Farrier's Dia.

Blicht. »./ [The etymology unknown.!

1. Mildew; according to Skinner: but it
fccms taicen by moft writers, in a o-c
neral fenfc. for any caufe of the failure
of fruits.
1 complained to the oldeft and beft garden{rs,

eae.med it fume tl.ght o! the fpr'ng. ToOi/r.

'• ^"y ''""g ijpping, or blafiing.

When you come to the proof once, the firft
Ihih, of f.oft Ihall moa infaUibly ftnp lou of a
y^ir glory. L'EA

7i Blight. ,.. .,. [frohi the noun.] "'^''
I. io corrupt with mildew.

nunwalftcams; ,t tl.cn blalli vtgeublcs, %M

Fi

B L I

corn and fruit, and is fometimes injurious even

2. In general, to blaft ; to hinder from
fertility.

My country neighbours do not find it impoffible
to think af a lame horfe they have, or theW /ligbteti
corn, till they have run over in their minds all

But left hnrrti care the lover's peace deftr oy.
And roughly b/igtt the tender buds of jov.
Let reafon teach. 'Lytul,c„.

BLIND, adj. [bhnb, Saxon.]
I. Deprived of fight ; wanting the fenfe
of feeing ; dark.

_ The b/i,,d man that governs his fteps by feel-
ing, m delea of eyes, leceivcs advertifement of
things through a ftjff. pj^

Thofe pther two, equall'd with me in fate.
So were I equali'd with them in renown !
£/W Thamyris, and blirj Maonide; ;
And TeiTfias, and Phineas, pn p'leti old. Mi/t-,^.

2. Intelleftually dark ; unable to judge ;
Ignorant : with io before that which is
unfeen.

All authors tn their own defers art: b/inj:
Hadft thou but, Janus like, a face behind,
io fee the people, what fphy mouths they make;
1 o mark their fingers pointed Ltthy back. Dr,d.

3. Sometimes o/'.

v,^'"n "l ''"' ^'""» ""* ^1 "E'-" milled, -
He pulls his crimes upon his pe isle's lu-ad. D^yd.

4. Unfeen ; out of the publick view ; pri-
vate : generally with fome tendency to
feme contempt or cenfure.

To grievous and fcantlalous inconveiiencies thev
make tl.emlelves fubje«, with whom any blind oV
fecret corner is judged a fit houfe of common

5. Not eafily difcernible ; hard to find'j
dark; obfcure ; unfeen.

There be alio blind fires under ftone, which
flame not out; bat oU being poured upon them,
they flame out. d -

Ql, .1 , • r '^^"•'"' "="■'

3Ra.l 1 inform my unacquainted feet

In the Uir,d mazes of this tangled wood ? M'tlton.

I ^"Z 1 1? *'"■'"'' » '"ng J''"n'al night,
1-ed through i/W paths by each deluding light !

I'art crcepmg underground, their jouvoey blind.
And climbing trom below, their fellows meet.

So mariners miftake the promis'd guft, "^
And, with full fails, on thei/,W roekj are lort.

A A 1 DrydcB.

A poftem door, yet unobferv'd and free,
/o.n'd by the length of a blind gallery,
To the king's clolct led. DrjA*.

6. BlinJ FeJJih. [with chymifts.] Such

as have no opening but on one fide.
Ti Blind. ^^. a. [from the ftoun.]
I. To make blind ; to deprive of fight.

•V ou n'mble liglitnings, dart jouri;,W;„f flames
Into her fcornful eyes ! ZhShj^ear..

l-lmd mine eyes therewith ? and I will rcftore it.

A blind guide « certainly a great mifchief j bur

L^f/^i"*'"'^."""''^ *'">'" h« AooW lead, U
unJoubtedly a much greater. s^uth.

z. To darken ; to obfcure to the eye

I hat the black night receives a deeper dye. DrJd.

3- To darken the anderllanding.

This my Iong-;uff-ering, and my day of grace,
They who neglea and fcorn Hull never taile.
But hard be harden'd, blin-l b. bli:,ded more. Mil,

4. 1 0 obfcure to the undcrllanding.

The ftatc ..f the controvcrfy bttw«n us he en-
deavoured, with .11 hi. art, to W/Wand confound.

, Stiltingjica.
I

B L I N D . ». /.

1. Something to hinder the fight.

Hjrdly any thin_g in our converlation is puns
and genuine ; civility cads a blind over the dutv,
under fome cuflcmary uord;.. VEflraurc.

2. Something to millead the eye, or the
underftanding.

TheCe difcouiles fet an oppofition between his
commands and decrees; making the one a WW
Jor the^execution of the other. Decay of Pi„u
fo Bli ndfold. 'V. a. [from blind and-
fold-l To hinder from feeing, by blind-
ing the eyes.

When they had blindfolded him, they flruck ■
him on the face. Luke.

Bli'nd^'old. tttij. [from the verb.] Hav-
ing the eyes covered.

And oft himfelf he chanc'd to hurt unwares, ,
Whilft reafon, blent through paflion, nought deJV ■

cried,
But, as a hlmdfold bull, at random fares,
And wiiei-e he hits, nought knows, and where-
he hurts, nought cares. Fairf «l,c«.

Who blindfold walks upon a river's brim.
When he fljould fee, has he deferv'd to Iwim ?

When lots are fliufflcd together, or a man 'bli^d'
fold cafts a dye, what rcafjii can he have to pic-
lun.e, tiut he Ihall draw a white ftone rather than
a black? <-,„,;

1 he women wiil look into the (late of tlie nation
with their own eyes, and be no longer led blindfold
by/ m^ie leglflature. Mdif^n,

Si.iNDLy. ad'v. [{ramilind.y

1. Without fight.

2. Implicitly; without examination.

The old king, after a long debate.
By his imperious niiftrcfs hlwdli led.
Has given Cydaria to Oitellan's bed. Dfyde*.
How re..dy zeal for inlerell and pariy, is to
charge atheifm on thofe, who will not. without
examining, fubmit, ind-blindly fwallow their non-
fen fe. Le ke

3. Without judgment or diredlion.

Hjw feas, and earth, and air, and aitive flame.
Fell through the mighty void; and, in their fall,J;
Were bUdly gither'd in this goodly ball. Diydcn,
Bli ndman's buff. ». /. A play in
which lome one is to have his eyes co- :
vered, and hunt out the reft of the
company.

Dilguis'd in all the mafk of night.
We l':ft our champion on his flight;
At blindaan's buff to grope his way,
In equal fe.ir of night and day. Ihdibrai. '
He imagines I fliut my eyes again; hut lorely
he fanc.es I pby at blindnum\ buff w;th him ; for
he^tnmks I never hav.- i.iy eyes open. Sullingfieet.
Uli n I) NESS. n.f. [from ^//V;//.]

1. VVant of fight.
I will fniitc every h lufc of the people wiili bliDi.

-, * . Zccbariub.

2. ignorance ; intelleftual darknefs.

All the reit as born of fav..ge brood.
But svhli bife thoughts, are into ili„J„cfs led,-
And kept from looking on the lightfome day.

XT ,, . . ' Spetifer.

Nor can we call it choice, when what we chule.
Folly and Wi„./,,Y/i only could refufe. V.nham. ■

Wher)foe^■vr we would proceed beyond thefe
r.mple Ideas, we fall preferitly into darknefs and '
difficulties, and can difcover nothing farther but
our own blmdnefi and ignorance. L^cke

Bli ND NETTLE. «. / ifcrofularia.\ A
plant. ■*

Bli'ndside. n.f. [from blind and/frft.]
Weaknefs; foible; weak part.

He Is too great a lover of himfelf; this is on«
: of his blindjidii J the bell of men, I fear, arc not
' without them. ^•,(,;,j

Bli'ndworm. n.f. [c^cilia,- from blind
• Cc z and

B L I

tnd ivur/n.] A fraall viper, called like-
wife a flow worm ; believed not to be
venQmous.

You fpottcd fnakcs, with double tongur,
Thoniy lied^thogs, be not fe<rn ;
Newts and t/itiJtuirm: , do no wrong;
Come not near our fairy queen. Stehffeare.

The gre»ter (low worm, called alfo the iliml-
tvorm, is cotninonly thought to be blind, becaufc
of the littlerefs of his eycj. Gritv.

To BLINK. V. n. [blincken, Danifh.]
t. To wink, or twinkle with the eyes.

So politick, as if one eye
Upon the other were a fpy ;
That, to trepan the one to think
The other blind, both ftrove to */;»*. JIuJih.

2. To fee obfcurely.

What s here I the portrait of a hRtiking ideot.
' SialuJftJre.
Sweet mi lovely wall.
Shew me thy chink, to hiink through with mine
eyne. Sbakeff. MtJjummer Night's Driam.
His figure fuch as might his foul proclaim ;
One eye vns^hlinkifg, and one leg was laxnc. Pojit.
Bli'kkard. n. /. [ftom blink.']

1. One that has bad eyes.

2. Something twinkling.

In fomc parts wc fee many glorious and'eminent
ftars, in others few of any remarkable grcatnefs,
and in fome none hMUinkards, and obfcurc ones.

lUkcivW.

BLISS, n. f. [bhj-j-e. Sax. from bh^apan,
to rejoice.]

1. The higheft degree of happinefs ; blef-
fednefs ; felicity : generally ufed of the
happinefs of blclTed fouls.

A mighty Saviour hath wltnelTcd of himfelf, I
•iti the way ; the way tjjat leadclh us from mifery
into blifi. ' Hwikir.

Dim fadnefs did not fpare
That time celeftial vifages; yet, mix'd
With pity, violated not their hliji. Miltor.

With me
All my redcem'd may d«;»:i1, in joy and h/'ft. Milt.

2, Felicity in general.

Condition, circumftancc is not the thing;
,BliJi is the fame in fubjeO or in king. Poft.

34.i's8FUL. adj. [from bli/s and /«//.] Full
of joy ; happy in the highell degree.

Yet iwimming in that fea of i/ifsfu/ yyy,
He nought forgot. Fairy ^iieen.

The t%vo faddcft Ingredients in hell, are depriva-
tion of the blijsful vifion, and confufio« of face.

liamm'^nd.

Reaping immortal fruits of joy and love.
Uninterrupted joy, unvival'd love,
Jn bnjiful folitude. Milton.

So peaceful (halt thou end thy hViJiful days,
And rt;al thyfelf from life by (low decays. Pofr.

Firft in the fields 1 try the filvan ftrainS,
Nor blu(h to fport in Windfor's blipful plains.

Poft.

Bti'ssruLLY. adv. [from bli/sful.'] Hap-
pily.

Bli'ssfulness. »./. {from bli/sful.'] Hap-
pinefs ; fulnefs of joy.

To Bli'ssom. -v. n. To caterwaul; to be
luftful. T>iii.

BLl'STER. n.f. [bluyjier, Dutch.]

I. A puftule formed by raifing the cuticle
from the cutis, and filled with ferous
blood.

In this ftate (he g.illops, night by night,
O'er ladiet lips, who (trait on kifl'es dream.
Which oft the angry Mab with bliftin plagues,
Becaufc their breaths with fwccuneau tainted arc.

Shaktjftart.

I found a great blifltr drawn by the garlick, but

liad it cut, which run a good deal of water, but

*lled again by neit .night. 7imt>lt.

BL O

2. Any fwelling made by the feparation
of a film or &in from the otlier parts.

Upon the leaves there rifctlr a tumour like a
hhftrr. Bann.

To Bli'«te». 1/. «. [from the noun.] To
rife in blifters.

If I prove honeymouth, let my tongue blifter.
And never to my rcd-loolt'd anger be
The trumpet any more. Shakrfpcare.

Embrace thy kne« with loathing hands,
Which blifler when they touch thee. Drydn.

To B L I's T E R . f . a.

1. To raife blifters by fome hurt, as by a
bum, or rubbing.

Look, here comes one, a gentlewoman of mine.
Who fallirtg in the flaws of her own yDuth,
Harh bliftti'J licr report. Shakejftarc.

2. To raife blifters with a medical inten-
tion.

I klijicrtd. the legs and thighs ; but was too late :
he died howling. Wifman.

BLITHE, adj. [bh«e, Saxon.] Gay; airy;
merry ; joyous; fprightly; mirthful.
We have always one eye (ixed upon the counte-
! nance of our enemies ; and, according to the
tliihe or heavy afpcft thereof, our other eye (hew-
eth fome other fuitable token either of diflike or
approbation. Hooker.

Then figh not fo, but let them go.
And be you tliltc and bonny. Shairffear.:

For that fair female troop Uiou faw'lt, that leem'd
Of goddetfe, fo blithe, fo fmooth, fo gay;
Yet empty of all good. Milicn.

To whom th? wily adder, blithe and glad ;
Enaprefsl^e way is ready, and not long. Milton.

And the milkmaid fingeth hlithe.
And the mower whets bis fcythe. Mikr,».

Should he return, that troop fo blithe and bold,
Precipitant in fear, would wing their flight. Prfc.
Bli'thlv. ad--j. [from blilbe.] In a

blithe manner.
Bm'thness. 7 n.f. {irom. blithe.]

Bli'thsomen'ess. j The quality of be-
ing blithe.
Bli'th&ome. adj. [from blitke.] Gay;
cheerful.

Frofty blafts deface
, The blithfme year : trees of their (hrivell'd fruits
Arc widow'd. PBili/^s.

To- BLoAT. 'V. a. [probably from blo-tv.]
To fwell, or make turgid vvith wind :
it has a/, an intenfive particle.

His rude e'itays
Encourage him, and blsat him b/> with praife,
That he may get more bulk before he dies. Dryd.
The ftrutting petticoat fmooths all di.linQions,
levels the mother with the daughter. I cannot but
be troubled- to fee fo many wcll-(haped innocent
virgins bkatid uf, and waddling up and down like
bij:-bellicd women. Addifott.

To Bloat. i/. a. To grow turgid.

If a p'^rfon of a firm conditution begins Ko bloat,
from being warm grows cold, his fibres grow weak.

^'^r!iud>r:ct.

Bloat, adj. Swelled with inten»perance ;
turgid.

The bloat king. ShakefiMtri < Hmkt.

Blo'atedness. ti.f. [(rota, bloat.] Tur-
gidnefs ; fwelling ; tumour.

LaiBtude, lazincLs, htoatediit.!, and fcorbuticil
fpots, arc fymptonis of weak fibres. yirbuthnat.

Blo'bber. n.f. [from blob.] A word
ufed in fome counties for a bubble.

1 here fwimmcth alfo in the fea a round (limy
fubftance, called a blabber, reputed noifome to the
fi(h. Carctv.

B L o' B B E R L I p . «. / [ from blob, or blabber,
and ///>.] A thick lip.

They make a wit of tiieir infipid friend,
HUbhbberlifi and bectlcbrows commend. Drydeti.

B L O

Blo'blipped. J a<^'. Having IWelled
Blo'bberlipped. 1 or thick lips,

A blobberliffed (bell, feemcth to be a kind of

mulTcl. Grew.

His perfon deformed to the higheft degree ; flat-

nofcd, and blobbtrliffcd. " L'Kftrair^t,

BLOCK, n.f. [block, HyAA; bloc. ¥1']

1 . A heavy piece of timber, rather thick
than long.

2. A roafs of matter.

Homer's apotheafis conlKts of » groupe of figures,
cut in the fara^ filDek of mirblc, and riling one
above another. uiddijoiim '

3. A maiTy body.

Small caufes ate fufficicnt to make a man un-
eafy, when great ones are not in the way : for
want of a block, he will (tumble at a (traw. Sttiifl.

4. A rude piece of matter : in contempt.

When, by the help of wedges and beetles, an
image is cleft out of the trunk of f'vne tree, yet,
after the (kill of artificers to fet forth luch a divine
bkek, it cannot one moment fecure itfelf from
being eaten by worms. Utillingjlect*

5. The piece of wood on which hats are
formed. Some old writers ufe block for
the hat itfelf.

He wears his faith but as the fafhion of his hat;
it ever changes with the next Hock. Shakefftart.

6. The wood on which criminals are be-
headed.

Some guard thefe traitors to the block of death,
Treafon's true bed, andyielder-up of breath. Shak^

At the inftant of his death, having a long beard,
after his head was upon the block, he gently dre\v
his beard afide, and faid, this hath not otFnded
the king. Bacon,

I'll drag him thence,"
Even from the holy altar to the block. Drjdev,

7. An obftruftion ; a ftop.

Can he ever dream, that the fuftering for righ.
teoufiiefs fake is our felicity, when he 'lees us rtin
fo from it, that no crime is block enough in our
way to ftop our flight ? Decy of Piety.

8. A fea term for a pully.

9. A blockhead j a fellow remarkable fbf
ftupidity.

The country is a dcfert, where the good
Oain'd inhabits not; born's not underftood ;
! There men Ircomc bealts, and prone to all evils;
In cities, blocks, Donne.

What tonguelcfs blocks were they, would they not
fpeak ? Shahjfeare's Richard IIU

To Block, -v. a. \bloquer, Fr.]

1 . To (hut up ; to ihclofe, fo as to hinder
^ «;grefs ; to obllrudl.

ihe ftatei about them (honid neither by en-
creafc of dominii>n, nor by blocking of trade, hava
it in their power to 'mrt or annoy. Clarcrdon.

They bkck the cafile kept by Bertram;
But now they cry, down with the palace, fire it.

Drydem

2. It has often. :</, to note claufure.

" Recommend it to the governor of Abingdon, to
fend fome troops to block it up, from infefting the
great ro.id. Clarendon.

The abbot raifcs an army, apd llvks tif the town
on the (ide that faces his dominions. Mdifoa.

BLOCK-HousE.n.yl [from block a.ndbcu/e.']
A fortrels built to obfti uft or block up
a pafs, commonly to defend a harbour.

His entrance is guarded with blcck-boujis, and
thjt on Ae town's fide fortified with ordnance.

Cariw.
Rochelter water reacheth far within the land,
and is under the protcdtion of fome blockhoufes.

Raleigh.

Block tin. «. / [from block and /;>.]
So the tradefmen call that which isjjure
or unmixed, and yet unwrought. Soyli,

I Blocka'd£.

B L O

Iiocka'dr. n. f. \itom. block. ^ A fiege
Carried on by fhutting up the place.

Tte enemy w .u neccflitated wholly to abandon
the blockade ot Olivenxa. Matter.

Round the go(i<icfs roll
Broad hats and hoods, aw-" caps, a fable fnoai ;
Thick, and more thick, the black WwiaA extends.

Pofe.

To Blocka'de. or. a. [from the noun.]
To Ihut up by obftruiSOon.

Huge bales of BHtirti cloth bkciatlexix door,
A hundred oxen at your levee roar. Pofe.

Br,o'cKH«AD. n.f. [from block indheatf.]
A iiupid fellow ; a dolt ; a man without
parts.

Your wit will not fo foon ont as another man's
will ; it is llronjiy wedged up in a iUikbcm. Shuk.

We iJly fit like ftupid Hickkeadt,
Qui hands committed to our pockets. Hu'd^rgs.

A hi:ci>head rubs his thoughrlefs fkull.
And thanks his ftars he was not born a fool. Pvft.

Bi.o'cKHEADED. atij. [ffom blockhead.'^
Stupid ; dull.

Says a bhckkcaded boy, thefe are vilUinmis crea-
tures. L'Eflrange.

Di-o'cKisH. aJj. [from i!oci.'\ Stupid;
dull.

Make a Intt'ry,
And, by decree, let black'ip Ajax draw
The fort to fight with HcSor. Sbakifptai'e.

Bto'cKisHLY. adv. [from blockijh.'] In
3 ftupid manner.

Blo'ckishness. n.f. [ from blockifi-l Stu-
pidity ; duUnefs.

Bt-o'Mary. n. /. The firft forge in the
iron miJls, through' which the metal
paflis, after it has been firft melted from
the mine. Di3.

Blo'n k et. n.f. [I fdppofe for blanket.']

Our bhjiktt livery *s been all too fad
For tluike fame feafon, when all is yclad
With picafance. Sfcrftr.

BLOOD. /»./. [blob, Sa.xon.]
I. The red liquor that circulates in the
bodies of animah.

But flcfti. With the life thereof, which is the
bhcJ thereof, (hall you not eat. Gtntfii.

i. Child ; progeny.

We'll n^ more meet, no more fee one another:
But yet thou art my rtedi, oiy btnodt my daughter.

Hbaktj'ftan.

3. Family ; kindred.

A« many and as well born ^/csi/> ««):hofe
Stand in his face, to contradift his claim. Shakefp.

O ! what an happinrfs is it to find
A friend of our own blocdy a brother kind ! Wallrr,

According to the common law of England, in
itdminiftrations, the whole hl»d is preferred to the
I-alfi/W. Afiffi.

4. Defcent ; lineage^

Epithets of fljttery, deftrwd by few of them ;
and not running in a ^/oW, like the perpetual gen-
tienefi <J the Ormond family. Drydip.

5. Blood royal ; royal lineage.

They wiH'al'-, ft
Give us a prince o" th' blood, a fon of Priam,
In rh.^n^e of him. Shjkffpcart,

0. Birth ; high extradion.

lama gfntieman of blocd and breeding. Siak.

7. Murder ; violent death.

it will have blaod i they fay, blood will have

blo'id. Sbtikiffeeri.

The voice of thy brother's blood cricth unto me

from the ground* Genejit, iv. 10.

8. Life.

When wicked men have (lain a righteous pei^bn
in his own boufe, upon his bed, Ihall I not there-
fore now require bis blotd at your hand }

!tiiamiiil, It. II.

B L O

9. For bksif. Though his blood or life
was at ftake : a low phrafe.

A crow lay battering upon a mufcle, and could
not, for lu blood, break the (Iieli to Some at the
fifli. L'EJirangt,

10. The carnal part of man.

Flsih and blotd hath not revealed it unto thee,
but my Vatherwhich is In heaven. Maitb. xvi. 17.

1 1 . Temper of mind ; ftate of the paflions.
Will you, great lir, that glory blor,

In cold blood, which you gain'd in hot ? Hvdibras.
I z. Hot fpark ; man of fire.

The news put dlveis young blocdt into fuch a
fuVy, as the ambaffadors were not, without peril,
to be outrag*-d. Baton.

13. The juice of any thing.

He wafhf^fchis garments in wine, and his c'othcs
in the blood of g; apes. Genefis, xhx. 11.

To Blood, v. a. [from tlie noun.]

1. To ftain with blood.

Then all approach the flain with vaft furprife.

And, fcarcc fecure, reach out their f;>ears afar,

. And blood their points, to prove their partnerlhip

in war. Drydtn'i FahUi.

He was bluotUJ up to his elbows- by a couple ot

Moors, whom he butchered with his own imperial

hinds. . jiddi[cn>

2. To enter ; to enure to blood, as a hound.

Fairer tlian faireft, let none ever fay.
That ye were blooded in a yielded prey.
■ SpCTtfzr*i Sor.mts.

3. To blood, is fometimes to let blood me-
dically.

4. To heat ; to exafperate.

When the faculties intclle(^ual are in vigour,
'Ot drenched, or, as it were, blooded by the affec-
tions. Bacon I j^ji^pbibegms.

By this means, matters grew more exafperate ;
the auxiliary forces of French and Englilh were
much ^/93(/ai one againll another. Bacon's Hen. Vli.

Blood-boltered. ai/J. [from blood and
bolter.] Blood fprinlded.

The b'iCQd-bolter'd Banquo fmiles upon me.

Macbeth.
Blood-hpt. adj. [from blood and hot.]
Hot in the fame degree with blood.

A good piece of bread firft to be eaten, will gain
time to warm the beer blood-hot, which then he
may drink fafely. Locke.

To Blood-let. f . n. [from bloodaxiA let.]

To bleed ; to open a vein medicinally.

The chyle is no perfeSly allin^^ilated into blood,

by its circulation through the lungs, as is known

by experiment* in blocd-itiiirg.

^rbutbnot on Aliments.

Blood-letter, n.f. [from blood-let.] A
phlebotomill ; one that takes away blood
medically.

This miichlcf, in aneurifms, proceedeth from
the ignorance of the bkcd-lctter, who, not confi-
dering the errniir committed in letting bl .3d, binds
up the arm carelefsly. ff^Ifeman.

Blood-stone, n. f. [hiematites ; from
blood d^nd /lone.] The name of a Hone.

Tlicre is a ftone, v/hich they call the blood-JI'ine,
which, worn, is thought to be good for them that
bleed at the nofe ; which, no doubt, is bjk aftric-
tion, and cooling of the fpirits. Bacon.

The bhzJ-Jlcne is green, fptitted with a bright
blood red. Ifoodivard o» Fojjils.

Blood-thirsty, adj. [from blood and
thirft.] Defirous to ihed blood.

And hish advancing his bhud ihirfy blade.
Struck one of thofe deformed heads. Fairy ifuun.

The image of God the blo^d-thirflj have not ;
for God is charity and mercy itfelf. Raleigh's U J}.

Blood-vessel, n.f. [[rom blood and 'vcf-
fel.] A veflel appropriated by nature
to the conveyance of the blood.
The Ikins of chu f'jrchead wcxe extiemcl/ cough

B L O

ind thick, and had not in them an^' blood-vefet,

that we were able to difcovcr. Addijon's ^pe^otor.

Blo'odflower. n.f. \_ha:ixanthus, Lat.]

A plant.
Bi.ooDGui'tTiNESs.w./. [from ilcodand
guilty-] Murder ; the crime of fhedding
blood.

And were there rightful caufe of dificrence,
Yet were't nof better, Si\i it to accord.
Than with bkodguiltimfs to heap oftVnce,
And mortal vengeance join to crime abhorr'd f

If airy Sjtemt
Blo'odhound. n. f. [from blood and
hound.] A hound that follows by ths
fcent, and feizes with great fiercencfs.

Hear this, hear tliii, thou tribune of Lhe people !
Thou zealous, pubRck blocdheanJ, hear and melt !

Drydiiu
Where are thefe rav'niog i/W;jM/B(/j,thatpurlue
In a full cry, gaping to fwallow me ?

Soutb^rne's Inn. Adult.

A bhodhound will follow the track of the perfon

he purfues, and all hounds the particular game they

have in chace. Arbuthnct on Aliments.

And though tiie villain 'fcjpe a while, he le. Is

Slo\v vengeance, like a bloodhound, at his heels.

Sivift,
Blo'odily. ad<v. [from blood.] With
difpofition to (bed blood ; cruelly.
V I told the pu-fuivant.

As too triumphing, how mine enemies
To-day at Pomfret bloodily were butcher'd.

Shakejf fare's Richard III.
This day the poet, bloodily iiiclin'd.
Has made me die, full fore againft niy mind. Dryd,

Blo'odiness. n.f. [from bloody.] The
ftate of being bloody.

It will mahifcft itfelf by its bloodinefs ; yet fome-
times the fcuU is fo thin as not to admit of any.
i^barp's Surgctyt

Blo'odless. adj. [{rom blood.]

1. Without blood ; dead.

He cheer'd my forrows, ajid, for fums of gold,
TheJllood/ej's carcafc of my Heflor fold.

Dryden's jEneiJt

2. Without flauglvep.

War brings ruin where it (hould amend ;
But beauty, with a bhcdlefs conqueft, finds
A welcome fov'reignty in rudeft minds, ff-'al/er.
Blo'odshed. n.f. [frora blood zndjhed.']
I. The crime of b{ood, or murder.

Full many mifchiefs follow cruel wrath,;
Abhorred hhcdfiied, and tumultuous (Irifc,
Unmanly murder, and unthrifty fcath. Fairy ^

All murders pal} do ftand excus'd in tliis j
And this h folc, and fo unmatchable.
Shall prove a deadly bloodjbed but a jeft^
Exampled by this heinous fpc^acle.

Shakejpeare's King yohsi*

A man, under the tranfports of a vehement
rage, padcs a different judgment upon murder
and bloodf)cd, from what he docs when his revenge
is over. South.

Z. Slaughter; wafteoflife.

So by him Caefar got the vift; ry,
Through great bloodjhed, and many a fad afTay.

, Fairy SJucen,
Of wars and bloodjhed, and of dire events,
I could with greater ccitainty forctel.

Dryden's Tyrannic Love,

Blo'odshedder. n.f. [^(lom bloodjhed.]
Murderer.

He that taketh away his neighbour's living, <\s.y.
etli him; and he that defraudeth the labourer of
his hire, is » bkodjixdderr Ecclus. xxxiv. zz,

Blo'odshot. )«<?)'• [from ^/oo.a' and

Bloodsho'tten. 3 Jhot.] I^illed with

blood burfting from its proper veflels.

And that thewinds their bellowing throats would
try,
Wuea rcdd'ojng clouds reflcCl hit bUodfioi eye.

Garth*

B L O

Bto'oDstrcKER. n. /. [from ilccJ and

/ucL]

a. A leech ; a fly ; any thing that fucks

blood.
2. A cruel man ; a murderer.

God keep the prino' Irom til the pack of you ;
A kuoc you are of drained blnoJfuiLri,

Sbahff. Rictardm.

The nobility cried out upon him, that he was .i
Ifo^ilfuckeTy a murderer, and a parricide. Hayward,

Bio'oDwiT. n.f. A fine anciently paid

as a compenfation for blooJ.
Bloo'dwort. n.f. A plant.
Ulo'ody. ajj. [from blood. "[

1, Stained with blood.

2. Cruel; murderous: applied either to
men or fafts.

By continusi martial exercifes, without blond,
Bie made them pcrfeil in that hlxdy art. Sidney,
f alfe of heart, light uf car, hliody of hnnd.

Sba\ffp> King Lear.
I grant him hhciy.
Luxurious, avaricious, falfe, d^'ccitfut.

Shakefp, Machah.
Tliou hUcdit-r villain.
Than terms can give thee out. Shakefp, Machclh.

Alas !' why gnaw you fo your nether lip ?
Some bloody paflion ftiakes your very frame ;
Thclc are pj'tcnts : but yet I hnpr, 1 hope,
'Jhey do njt point on me. Sbakcfpiare^ s Othello.

The kkidy faft
WU! be avengM j ajid th' other's faith approved
l.ofe no reward ; though he.e thou fee him die,
Rolling in dull and gore. Miltor'i Paradijr Lojl.
The i/Wif^ vengeance whidi (he could purfuc,
Would be a trifle to my lofs of you.

Drydcni Indian Emperor,
P.oud Nimrod firft the ikody chace legan,
A mighty hunter, and bi:^ prey was man.

Po/x-'s ffindfir Fore/I.

BuoODY-FLU.ic. ». / The dyfentery ;
a difcafe in whic"h the excrements are
mixed witii blood.

Cold, by retardin.; the motion of the Mo.ld, and
fr.pprclling perfpiration, producesgiddinefs, fleepi-
jicfs, painhin the bowels, losfeiiels, hkody Jiuxa.
j^rhutbnot en Air.

Bloody-min D£D. adj. [from bloody and
OT.'W.] Cruel ; inclined to bloodihed.

1 think you'll make me mad : truth has been
at my tongue's end this li*ilf hour, and I have
n t the power to bring it out, for fear of this
hh'fdy m:rijed colonel. Drydcn^s Spuni/h Friar.

BLOOM, n. f. [blum, Germ. iUcm,
Dutch.]

1. A blofibnij the flower which precedes
the fr'alt .

How nature pa'mts hjr colours, hiw the bee
Siti oa Iter iJMin, extr.ifting i.^id fweet. Milton.

A medlar tree w.t. planted by ;-
The fpreailmg bratichcs made a t,->odly (Tiow,
And full of opening ble-jmr wa« ev'ry bough. Dryd.

Hafte to yonder woodbine bow'rs ;
The turf with rural dainties (hall be crownM,
While opening h/oomt ditTufe their fwccts Ground.

2. The (late of immaturity ; the ftate of
any thing improving, and ripening to
higher perfedUoa.

Were 1 no ([ueen, did you my beauty weigh,
My youth in t/oirx, your age in its decay.

Dryden^t AiircngXibe.

3. The blue colour upon plums and
grapes ngwly gathered.

4. [In the iron works.] A piece of iron
wrought into a mafs, two feet fquare.

7'o Bloom, -v. n. [from the noun.]
i. To bring or yield blolToms.

The rod of Aai^n for the houfc of Levi was

9

B L O

budded, and brought forth buds, and i/oo«a/blof-

foms, and yielded almond,). Humbert, xvii. 8.

It is a common experience, that if you do not

■ pull nfF fonie blofl'oms the firrt time a tree bitomeih,

it will bloffom itfelf to death. Bacon' 1 I^tit. Ui/ltry

z. To produce, a« bloffoms.

Rites and cuftoms, now fuperftitious, when the
ftrength of virtuous, devout, or charitable affeflion
bh.mtd them, no man couid juftly have condemned
as evil. Hooter.

3. To be in a ftate of youth and improve-
ment.

Beauty, frail flow'r, that every feafon fears,
B!xmi in tby colours for a thoufand years.

Pofe-i Ef.Jiks.
O greatly blefs'd with every blooming grace !
Wiih eijuai fteps the paths of glory trare.

Fope't Oiyjfey.
Blo'omv. adj. [from bloom.] Full of
blooms ; flbwery.

O nightingale ! that on yon bkomy fpray
Wjrblcftat tvc,when all the woods are ftill. Milton.
, Departing Ipring could 'only ftay to flicd
Her bk^tny beauti^'a on the genial bed,
But left the manly fumm'-r in her ftead. Dryden.

H^ar how the birds, on ev'ry bloomy fpray.
With joyous mufick wake the dawning day. Pofe.

Blore. a./, [from ^/ijxw.] Art of blow-
ing ; blaft : an expreffive word, but not
ufed.

Out ruflit, with an unmeafur'd roar,
Thofe two winds, tumbling clouds in heaps j ulhers
to cither's blore. Chapman s Iliad.

BLO'SSOM. n.f. [bloj-me. Sax.] The
flower that grows on any plant, previ-
ous to the feed or fruit. We generally
call thole flowers bloffoms, which are
not much regarded in themfelves, but
as a token of fome following produdlion^

Cold news for me :
Tlius are my blojfomi blafted in the bud.
And caterpillars eat my leaves away. Sbak.HenAV,

Merrily, merrily, fhall I live now.
Under the blojjiim that hangs on the bough.

Shakcjp. Tcmfcji.

The pulling off many of the blojjims of a (ruii
tree, d.ith make the fruit fairer. Macon s Nat. Ilijt.

To his green ycats your cenfuie yju would fuit.
Not blaft the bliffhm, but er.peft thi; fruit. Dryden.

To Blo'ssom. 'V. n. [from the noun.] To
put forth bloflxims.

This is the I'tate of man : to-day he puts forth
The tender leaves of hope ; to-morrow bhJI'ims,
And bears Iiis bluihing honours thick upoii him.
Shakcjp. Henry VIH.

Although the fig-tree Ihall ni>t' b!ff/ir., neither
fliall fruit b: in the vines, yet will I rejo'rtie in the
Lord. Habb. iii. 17.

The want of rain, at bhffiming time, often
occ'afions the dropping oA'of t^e blulfoms, for warn
of fap. Mortimer.

To BLOT. 'V. a. [from bloitir, Fr. to hide.]

1. To obliterate ; to make writing invifi-
ble by covering it with ink.

You tlut arc king
Have caus'd him, by new a£l of parliament,
• To blot out me, and put his ov.'n fon in.

.^hakefp. Henry \l.
Ev'n copious^Dryden wanted, or forgot.
The laft and greateft art, the art to i/jf. Pope.
A manof the moft undcrftandingwill find it im-
pofliblc t > make the beft ufe of it, while he writes
in conrtrajnt, perpetually foftcning, correiting, oc
blotting out expreffions. > Swift.

2. To efface ; to erafe.

O B,.Mtrim, oh no more my foe, but trother !
■ One aft like this btois out .1 thoufand crimes. Dryd.
Thefe fimplc ideas, offered to the min^l, the
underllanding can no more tefufe, nor alter, nor
blot out, than a mirrour can refufe, alter, or ob-
literate, the images which the objeds produce.

Lake.

B L O

3. To make black fpots on a paper j toi
blur.

Heads overfull of matter, be like pens overfull ■
of ink, which will fooner blot, than make any fair
letter. jljcbamt'

O fweet Portia !
Here are a few of the unpleafant'ft words
That ever bkited piper. Sbak. Alrrcbant nffexUlt

4. To difgrace ; to disfigure.

Unknit that thr^at'ning unkind brow;
It blcti thy beauty, as froft bites the meads.
Confounds thy fame. Sbak. Tatning oflbtSbrtWt -

My guilt thy growing virtues did defame ;
My blackncfs htottid thy unWemilh'd name.

Drydeti's JEnnd,

For mercy's fake reftrain thy hand,
Bht not thy innocence with guiltlefs blood. Rrmtr

5. To darken*

He lung how earth Ihn the moon's gilded «-ane»i.-
Whiltt fooliih-men beat founding brafs in vain.

Covileym-

Blot. n.f. [from the verb.]

1. An obiiteFaticn of fomsthing written.

Let flames on your unlucky papers prey;
Your wars, your loves, your praifes, be forgot.
And make of all an univerfal blot. Dryd. JuvenaU ■

2. A blur ; a fpot upon paper.

3. A fpot in reputation ; a ftain ; a dif-
grace ; a reproach.

Make known;
it is nO'Vieious blot, murdrr, or foulncfs,
That hath depriv'd me. Sbahfpeare't King,Lear. ■

A lie is a foul blot in a man ; yet it is conti-
nually in the mouth of the untauglit. £ceL xx. 24* -

A difappointed hope, a blot of iionour, a ftrain'
of confcience, an unfortunate love, wiU ferve the
turn. Temple.-

4. [At backgammon.] When a Angle
man lies open to be taken'up ; whence, -
to hit a blot .

He is too great a mafter of his art, to make a -
blot which may fo eafiiy be hit.

Dryden s Dedication to JEneiA,

Blotch', n.f. [from- ^/o/.] A' fpot or'

puftule upon the Ikin.
Spots and blotches, tf fevcral colour* ahd figures, -

Araggling over the body ; fome are red, oth rs yel--

low, or black. • Hur'vey.

To BlOte, 'V. a. To fmoke, or dr^ by

the fraoke ; as Matid herrings, or red ■

herrings.
BLOW, n.f \bltnve, Dutch.]
I. The aft of ftriking.
J. A ftroke.

A moft poor mail, made tame to fortune's blows,'
Who, by tlie art of known and feeling forrows, <
' Am pregnant to good pity. Sbakeff. King Ltar. -
A woman's tongue,
That gives not half fo great a blcio to th' ear.
As will a cheftnut. Siakefp. Taming cf the Sbre'Utt
Words of great contempt commonly finding a
return of eqjal fcorn, blo-wt were i^ftened upon the
mnti pragjnatical of the crew. Clarendon.

3. The fatal ftroke ; the ftroke of death.

Alfuiige your thirll of blood, and (Irike the blow.

Dryden.

4. An aft of hoftl^ity : bleivs are nfed for
combat or war.

Be moft abated captives to fome nation
That won you without blonvs. Sba^efpeare.

Unarni'd if I fliould go,
What '• pe of mercy from this dreadful foe,
But woman-tike to fall, and fall witliout a blew t

Pop*.

5. A fudden calamity; an unexpefted
evil.

People is broken with a grievous blciv, yertm.
To all but thee in fits he fccm'd to go.
And 'twas my miniftry to deal the blvio. Parnet.

6. A fingle aflion ; a fudden event.

Evciy year they gain a viftorv, and a town j hut

if

B L O

If they are once defeated, they lofe a province at a
*''""• DryJtr.

:7. The aft of a fly, by which fhe lodges
eggs in fleih.

1 much fear, left with the bltnot of flies
His brafj-infliaed woinds are fill'd.

'Chapmen' t Iliad.

To Blow. 'v. ft. pret. ileiv ; particip. paiT.

blanurt. [blapan. Sax.]
•1. To make a current of air.

At his fight the mountains are (haken, apd at
his will tlie louth wind bktvctk. Ecclus. xliii. i6.

Fruits, for long keeping, gather before they are
full rif-e, and in a dry day, towards noon, and
when the wind hlnuttb not fouth ; and when the
moon is in decreafe. Bacuni Natural Hiftory.

By the fragrant winds that hUia
O'er th' Elylian flow'rs. Pofc'i St. CtcWa.

-2. This word is ufed fometimes imperfoa-
ally with //.

It tkio a terrible temped at fea oner, and there
was one fcaman praying. VEJirar.gc.

If it ticvvt a happy gale, we muft fet up all our
falls ; though it fometimes happens that our na-
tural heal is more powerful than our care and cor-

3. To pant ; to pufF; to be breathlefs.

Here 'i Mrs. Page at the door, fweating and
ilnvi^g, and looking wildly. ihakefftart.

Each aking nerre refufe the lance to throw.
And each fpcnt courfer at the chariot blno. Pipe.

4. To breathe.

Says the fatyr, if you have gotten a trick of
ilKumg hot and cold out of the fame mouth, I've
c'eri djne with )c. L'EJIra„gt.

5. To found with being blown.'

Nor with left dread tht loud
Ethereal trumpet from on high 'gan Ua-w, Milton.

There let the prating organ hlnu
To the full-voic'd quire below. MHicn.

6. To found, or play mufically by wind.

The priefts Ih ill blim with the crumpet. J Jlaa.

When ye bimv an alarm, then the camps that lie

on the eart parts (hall go forward. Numbrrs.

7. To blow o-ver. To pafs away without
effed.

Storms, though they i/w «,»• divers times, yet
may fall at laft. fl„„,., gj'

When the ftorm is ilo^n over.
How blcft is the fwain.

Who begins to difcover
An end of hi. pain. Gran^,i!l,.

But thofe clouds biiing now happily bk-wn iitr
and our fun clearly ihining out again, I have re-
covered the relapfr. a„i^„

8. To blaz-j up. To fly into the air by the
force of gunpowder.

On the next day, fome of the enemy'a maga-
imes blnv up ; and it is thought they were de-
ftroyed on purpofc by fjme of their men. Tatln.

To Blow. -v. a.

I. To drive by the force of the wind:
with a particle to fix the meaning.

Though yon untie the winds.
Though bUded corn be lodgd, and trees ilmn

dvwn.
Though caftles topple on their warden heads.

c • J L I. Macbith.

tut daughter, bloio a-jiay thofe mifts and clouds.
And let thy eyes (hine forth in their full lurtre.

rr\. , Dtnham.

ihefe primitive heirs of the chriftian church
could not fo eafily bine »/the doarine of paflive
obedience. c .

«. To inflame with wind.

I have created the fmith that blcvttb the coals.

A £ M JJaiah.

A hre not blo^vn (hall confume him. Jib

3. To fwell ; to puff into fize.

No bJrtvn ambition doth our arms incite.
But love, dear love, and our ag'd father's right.

Kini Ltar.

B L O

4. To form into fhape by the breath.

Spherical bubWc-s, that boys fametimcs hh-w
With water, to which foap hath given a tenacity.

5. To found an inftrument of wind mufick.

Bt^v the trumpet among the nations. Jerm:iah.
Where the bright feraphim, in burning row,
1 heir loud upiittcd angel trumpt^ts blow. Milton.

6. To warm with the breath.

When ificles hanc by the wall,
And Dick tfie ftirplTcrd blc7fs his nail.

And Tom hears logs into the Kail,
And milk comes frozen home in pail. Siah/p.

7. To fpre?d by report.

But never was there man, of his degree.
So much efteem'd, fo well bdov'd, as he :
So gentle of condition was he known.
That through the court his courtefy was bhmn.

8. To b/onv out. To extinguifh by wind or
the breath.

Your breath firft kindled the dead coal of war.
And brought in matter that Ihould feed this tin; ;
And now -tis tar too huge to be b/otvn out
Witli that fame weak wind which enkindled it.

,, „. , , Shake/pear c.

Moon, Oip behind fome cloud, fome temped rife,
And i/ow cut all tJie ftars that light the Ikies.

9. To b/cw up. To raife or fwell ?r;th
breath.

A plague of fighing and grief! it blows a man
«/. like a bladder. Sbakcjptau.

Before we had exhaufted the receiier, the blad-
der appeared as fuU as \{ blown up with a quill.

It was my breath that blr:u this temped up.
Upon your ftubborn ufage ot the pope. Si.iktjp.

An empty bladder gravitates no more than when
bt^vn up, but fomewhat Icfs ; yet defcends more
eaiiiy, becaufe with le(V. refiftance. Crnv.

10. Toblo-viup. To inflate with pride.

BUon HP with the conceit of his merit, he did
not think he had received good mcafure from the
king. D

cT- ti ~ . . Baion.

11. To blo^ up. To kinaie.

His prcfcnce foon bliwt up th' unkindly 6ght,
And his loud gunt fpeak tJiick Uke angry men.
rr- . Drydcn.

II. 10 move by a^atui.

When tlie mind finds herfelf very much inflamed
with devotion, (he is too much inclined to think
that It IS blown up with fomething divine within
hcrfr'f. .,,.r

13. loblo-w up. To burft with gunpow-
der ; to raife into the air.

The captains hoping, by a mine, to gain the

city, approached with foldiers rearfy to enter u -on

4/»«;,^ «/) of the mine. Knolla; Hift. of the Turk,.

lb«ir chitf blown up in air, not waves eipir'd,

Towhich hisprideprefum'dtogivethclaw. DrvJ

Not tar from the faid well, thwmg up a rock
he formerly obfcrved fome of thefi. ty-.oJward.

14. To infeft with the eggs of flies, f
know not bow this fenfe belongs to the
word.

Lwould no more endure
This wooden llavcry, than 1 wojid fuff-r
The fleft.fly blo^iv my mouth. Sbaiejptari.

Rather at Nilus' mud
Lay me ftark naked, and let water-flies
Blew me into abhorring. Sbakifpian.

1$. To bloiv upon. To make ftale.

I am wonderfully pleafed, when I meet with
any paflige in an old Greek or Latin author, tliat
IS not blyivn upon, and which I have never met
with in any quotation. MJifon.

He will whifpcr an intrigue that is not yet
blown upon by, common fame. jiJJifir.

To Blow. a-. ;,. [blopan, Saxon.] To
bloom; to bloflbm.

B L U

We lofe the prime, to mark how fpiing
Our tended plants, how hlcwt the citron grove.
What drops the ,T,;.f,h, and what the balmy reed.

" Milioa,
, This royal fair

^hjll, when the blolTom of her beauty 's hloto-n.
See her great brother on the Britifli throne.

_ . . , , . l^ulUr.

fair is the kingcup that in meadow hlowi.
Fair is the daify that beliJe her grows. Gay.

For thee Idumj's fpicy forefts hLw,
And feeds of gold in Ophir's mountains glow. Pope.

Blower.;/./, \_hom blo-.v .] A melter of
tin.

Add his care and coft in buying wood, and la.
fetching thtf fame to the biowiRg-houfe, together
witli the blowers' two or thiee months extreme and
mcreafing labour. Qa,^^^,

Blown. 'The pnrficifle faj/i.-ve of bloti:
All the fpjrks of viitue, which natu e had
kindled in them, were fo ilown to give forth thefr
uitermoll heat, that juiHy it may beaffirnicd, they
inriamed the aft'cdions of all that knew thnn.

Ti ^ „ . . Sidney,

The trumpets fleep, while cheerful horns ar»
bUivn,
And arm, employ 'd on birds and beafts alone. P-pr
Blowpoint. n.f. A child's play, pcf-
hnps like pujhpm.

.Shortly boys {hall not oiay
At rpancount(%or bkwpoint, but fliall play
Toll to fome courtie.'. ' Donnr

Bi.owTH. »./ [from^/Kv.j Bloom, o^
bloflora.

■At , .ition and covetoufnefs bel:ig but green, anj
newlj grown up, the feeds and crtects were as yet
butpj:ential, and in the hkwih and buJ. Rak':gh,

Blowze. ». /; A ruddy fat-faced wench.
Blowzy, ajj. [from <J/<wvz«r.] Sun burnt;

high coloured.
BLU'BBER. «./ [See Blob.] The part

of a whale that contains the oil.
To Blu'bber. 'V. n. [from the noun.] To

weep in fucii a manner as co fwell tJie

cheeks.

Even fo lies flie
Blubbering and weeping, weeping and blukb-ymg.
Sltihijp. Rn-joand JuTll,
A thief came to a buy that wjs l>lubbtr,n^ by
the fide of a Well, and alkid what he cried foV.
c ^> L^Efianpe,

Soon as Glumdalclitcli mifs'd her pkafing caie
She wept, (he blubber d, and ihe tore her hair.

To Blu'bber. -v. a. To fwell the cheeks
with weeping.

1-air ftreains leprcfent unto me my bluhhaei
face ; let tears piocure your (tay. Sidney.

1 he wild wood gods, arrived in the place,
There find the viigin doleful, defilate,
With rufllcd raiment, and fair /./i/Mn-'i face.
As her Butragcous foe \\SA left her late.

~. , J . , Fairy Snecn.

Tir d With the fearch, not finding what (he ilcks.

With cruel bjowa (he pounds her blubber'd cheeks..

r, , Drydrn.

Bs.v BBKREn. farticip. aJj. [from To bluh-
ber.] Swelled; big: applied commonly
to the lip.

Thnu ling with him, thou booby ! never pii.e
Was fuprof.4n'd, to touch iha! 4,W-//,rV ii,i. Diyd.

Br o'dceon. *./ A fliort ilick, with one
end loaded, uCed as an oflenfive weapon.

BLUE. at/j. [bla^p. Sax. b/ai. Fr.j One
of the leven original colours.

Theie 's gold, and here
My Hurfl vein? to kif: ; a h..n.l tliai kings
Have lipt and tit-mbled kiiring. Sha!i,(fcari.

Whfie fires thou fii.d'il umak'd, and Ilea, hs
unlwcpt,
There pinch the maids as tlut as bilberry. SM.

O iCOWA<

B L U

0 coward confcirnce. how doft thou affl'ifl mc !
The lights bum A/»^. Is it not dead midnight ?
Cold fearful drops Aand ori my trembling flclh.

Sho\efptore<
Why does one climate and one foil endue
The bluihing poppey with a crimfon hue,
Yet leave the lily pale, and tinge the violet blue t

Prior.

There \Tas fcarce my other colour fenlible be-

fides red and blut ; only the hlua, and principally

the fccond khe, inclined a little to green. Nitv:m.

Blu'ebottle. tt.f. [cyanm ; from biue

and hoi lie. 1
X . A flower of the bell ihape ; a /pecies of
botllejlonuer.

If ypu put hlaebcttlti, or other blue flowers, into
«n ant-hill, they will be flained with red : be-
caufe the ants thruft their flings, and Inllil into
them their ftinging liquor. * Ray.

3. A fly with a large blue belly.

Say, fire of infe£ls, mighty Sol,
A Hy upon the chariot pole
Cries out, What hluchittle alive
Did ever with fuch fury drive ? Prior.

Blue-eyed. aJj. [from blue and eye.l
Having blue eyes.

Kife, then, dii hiut-eyid maid, rife and difcover
Thy filver browj and meet thy golden lover.

Cnijhaw.

Nor to the temple was (he gone, to move
With prajers the blut-tytd progeny of Jove. Dry.i.

Blueha'ired. aJj. [from hlut and bair.l
Having blue hair.

This place.
The greated and the belt of all the main,
He quarters to his bine-haird deities. MiUon.

Blxj'ely. ad-v. [from blue.'\ With a blue
colour.

This 'fquire he dropp'd his pen full foon.
While as the light burnt tlueiy. Sivift.

Blu'eness. n. /. [_fiom i/ue,] The qua-
lity of being blue.

In a moment our liquor may be deprived of its
bluentjif and reftored to it again, by the aifufion of
a few drops of liquors. Boyie on Cohun.

Bluff, adj. Big; furly ; bluftering.

Like thofc whom ftature did to crowns prefer,
Black-bruw'd and bluff, like Homer's Jupiter.

DryJcTU

Blu'ish. adj. [from Hue.] Blue in a
fmall degree.

Side flceves and Ikirts, round underborne with
a iluij!} tinfcl. Shakeffearc.

At U 1, as fjr as I could caft my eyes
Upo:, the fea, fom?w}iat, roethought, did rife
Like bluifi mifts. •• Prydcn.

Here, in full light, the ruiTet plaint extend ;
There, wrapt in clouds, the blkijh hills afccnd;

Pofi.

Blu'ishness. «. /. [from Hue.'] A fmall
degree of blue colour.

1 could make, with crude copper, a foUitinn
"witliout the bluyhne/s Cliatis wont to accompany it^
vulgar folut'ons. Boyle

To BLU'NDER. 'v.». [^/xWwa, Dutch ;
perhaps from blind.]

1. To millake grofsly ; toerr very widely;
to millake (lupidly. It is a word im-
plying contempt.

It is one tiling to forget matter of faA, and an-
other to blunder upon the reafon of it. L'SJImng' .

The grandees and giants in knowledge, wlio
laughed at all befides themfelves, as barbarous and
infignilicant, yet blunJertd, and Humbled, abo^t
tbfir principal concern. ^ South.

2. To flounder ; to ftumble.

He who now to fcnfc, n iw nonfenfc leaning.
Means n'lC, hui biuftden round about a meaninj^.

To Bi.u'nder. V, a. To mix foolifhly or
blindly.

B L U

He Teems to underftand no differenee betwftn
titles of refpeft and afts of worlliip ; between cx-
preflions of cftecm and devotion ; between reli-
gious and civil worlhip : for he b/undirt and con-
founds all tlicfe together ; and whatever proves
one, he thinks, proves all the rel>. Sti/iirt^J]cet.

Blu'nder. It./, [from the verb.] Agrofs
or (hamcful millake.

It was tlie advice of Sohoraberj to an bi.lorian,
that he fhoulJ avoid bring particular in the draw-
ing up of an army, and other circumltances ia the
day of battle ; for that he had obfcrved notorious
blunder! and abfurJities committed by writers not
converfant in the art of war. yUdifin.

It is our own ignorance that makes us charge
thofe works of the Almighty as defeSs or b/undrri,
as ill-contrived or ill-made. Drrham.

Blu'nderbuss. »./ [from ^/B«rf>r.] A
gun that is enlarged with mrviy bullets,
fo that, witho'it any exad aim, there is
a chance of hitting the mark.

There are blunderbijffis in every hoop-hole, that
go off' of their own accord at the fqueaking of a
fiddle. Drydin.

Blu'nderer. n. f. [from blunder.] A
man apt to commit blunders ; a block-
head.

Another fort Of judges will decide in favour of
an author, or will pronounce him a mere blun-
itrcr, according to the company they have kept.

IVaiti.
Blu'nderhead. n.f. [from blunder and.
head.] A flupid fellow.

At the rate of this thick-lkuUcd h'.undirhead,
every plow-jobber (hall take upon him lo re.id up-
on divinity. L^EJirange.

BLUNT, ai^". [etymology uncertain.]

1 . Dull on the edge or point ; not Qiarp.

Thanks to th.it beauty, which can gi\e an edge
to the blumtjl fwords. Sidney.

If theironbcA/awr, and he do not whet the edge,
then muft he put to .iiore ftr-.-iigth. Eiclej.

2. Dull in under/landing ; not quick.

Valentine being gone, I'll quickly crofs.
By fome fly trick, blant 'I'hurio's dull proceeding.

Sbakijpeare.

3. Rough ; not delicate ; not civil.

Whileh-jd, a grave divine, wasof a^/w«r ftoical
natute. «C)i\e d^y the queen happened to fay, I
like thee the better, bccaufc thou liveft unmarried.
He anlwcred. Madam, 1 like you the worfc. Bacm.

The mayor of the town came to fcize them in
a blunt manner, alleging a warrant to ftop them.

V/ott<in.

'Tis not enough your coonfel ftlU be true :
Blunt truths more mifchief than oice faliehoods do.

Pofe.

4. Abrupt ; not elegant.

To ufc too many circumftances, ere one ctnne
to the matter, is wearifome ; to ufe none at all, is
blunr. Bacon.

5. Hard to penetrate. This ufe is improper.

I Hn^ my heart hardened and blunt to n-:\v im-
preffions ; it will fcarce receive or retain aftie<^ions
ofycftcrday. P'fe.

ToBi.uNT. T. a. [from the noun.]

1. To dull the edge or point*

So fjcken waining moons too near the fon.
And blu»: tliiiir crefcents on the edge of day. DryJ.

Earthly limbs and grofs allay
Bhnt not the beams of heav'n, and edge of day.

Dryden.
He had fuch things to urge againft our marriage,
As, now declar'd, would blunt my fword in battle.
And dallardize my courage. DryJiit.

2. To reprefs or weaken any appetite, de-
fire, or power of the mind.

Blunt not his love ;
Nor lofe the /jood advantage of his grace.
By feemitlg cold. Shakeffeare.

Blu'ntly. adv. [from blunt,]
I. In a bluat utanQcr } withoat fharpnefs.

B L U

2. Coarfely ; plainly ; roughly.

1 can keep honeil cuunfels, marr a curioni tile
in telling it, and deliver a plain mcffage bluntly,

ShakifjJtare,
A man of honcll blood.
Who to his wife, before the time aSgn'd
For childbirth came, thus ilunrb/ fpoke his mind.

Dryden,
Blu'ntkess. n./, [from blunt,]

1. Want of -edge or point ; dulncfs ; ob-
tnfenefs ; want of iluu-pncfs.

The crafty boy, that had full oft cday'd
To pierce my (tubltom and refilling breaft.
But ftill thc^/w)ir«cy} of his darts betrayed. SitckHn^,

2, Coarfenefs ; roughnefs of manners ;
rude fmcerity.

His filence grew wit, bis bluntntfi integrity, hit
beaftly ignorance virtuous fimplicity. Sidney,

Manage difputes with civility ; whence fome
readers will be afliHed to difcern a difference be-
twixt bluntaej) of fpeech and ftrength of leafon.

Style.

Falfe friends, his deadlied foes, could find noway.
But ihows of honeft bluntnejx to bctrav. Dryden,

Blu'ntwitted. adj. [from blunt and
•v.it.] Dull ; ftupid.

Bhr.t'.uiiicd lord, ignoble in demeanour. Skal.

BLUR. ;;./ [Wra, Span, a blot, Siiimer.]
A blot ; a (lain ; a fpot.

Man, once fallen, was nothing but a great biir ;
a total univerfal poiluti:)p.. S^utb,

To Blur. a». a. [from the noun.]
I. To blot; to obfcure ; without, quite
eiFacing.

Such an a£l.
That blurs the grace and blulh of m Dde.ly,
CaiU virtue hypocrite. Sbakefpecre.

Long Is it iince I faw him j
But time hath nothing blurr'd thofe lines of favour.
Which then he wore. Shakeffeurf.

Concerning innate principles, I defire thefe men
to fay, whether they can, or cannot, by cducaticn
and cuHoin, be blurred and blotted out ^ Luke,

t. To blot ; to ftain ; to fully.

Sarcafnis may cclipfe thine own.
But cannot biur my loft renown. HuJibrat,

To Blurt, f. a. [without etymology.]
To fpeak inadvertently ; to let fly
without thinking : commonly with out
intenfive.

Others call out blood • and deadly fpeechei at
random ; and cannot hold, but blurt out, thofe
words, which afterwards they are forced to eat.

Hakcwill,

They had fome belief of a Deity, which they,
upon furprizal, thusV\''wrr out. GoverK. of the Tongue,

Thev blulh if they blurt out, ere well a*are,
A fwan is white, or Quei-nlbury is fair. Young,

To BLUSH. 1'. n, [blo/en, Dutch.]
I. To betray fliame, or confafi-m, by a
red colour on the cheek or forehead.

1 have mark*d
A thoufand blueing apparitions
To ftart into her face; a thoufand innocent fliamrf.
In angel whitenefs, bear away thefc biulhes. Sbak,

I will go walls;
And, when my face is fair, you-^all perceive
Whether I blujh or no. Shakeff^eare.

All thcfe things are graceful In a friend's mootli,
which arc blujhwg in a man's own. Bacon,

Shame caufrth bluJIAng ; blujlying is the rcfoi t of
the blood to the face ; although blujliing will be
feen in the whole breall, yet that is but in paR'age
to the face. Bacon*

Blujhlhen, bat blujl) for joat dcftru£live filence.
That tears your fool. Smith,

t. To carry a red colour, or any foft and
bright colour.

To-day he puts forth
The tender leaves of hope ; to-morraw bloflbmt.
And boars tus biujhing honsuri thick uo >n him.

Shakeffiart,
But

B L U

BOA

BOA

But here the rofcs tlujh io rare,
Here the mornings fniile ib tair,
As if neirher cloud) nor wind,
But would be courteous, would be kind. Cnj/^JTf.

Along chofc blujhing borders, bright with Jew,

Tbcpijon.

3. It has at before the caafe of fliame.

He whin'd, and roar'd away your viftory,
That pages bbijh'd at him; and men of heart
Loolc'd wondVing at each othef. Shakefpeare.

You have not yet loft all )our natural modefty,
but btujb ct your vice5, Calamy^s Sermcr.s .

To Blush, "v. a. To make red. Not ufed.

Pale and bloodlefs.
Being all defcendcd to the lab'ring heart.
Which with the heart there cools, and ne'er re-

turnech
To t/ujh and beautify the cheek again. Steiif/i.

Blush, n./. [from the verb.]

1, The colour in the cheeks, raifed by
(hame or confulion.

The virgin's v.ifli, without !ier fears, impart;
Ixcufc ihe i/ujh, and pour out all the heart. Pt^r.

2. A red or purple colour.

J. Sudden appearance: a fignification that
fecms barbarous, yet ufed by good writ-
ers.

All purely identical propofitions, obvioudy, and
It firil tluJh, appear to contain no certain inftruc-
tio.T in chem. Loch,

Blu'shy. fl<^'. [from ^/«/^.] Having the
colour of a blu(h.

Blalfonis of tttes, that are white, are commonly
inodorate ; thofe of apples, crabs, peaches, are
hlupj, and fmell fweet. Bactn.

5tratonica entering, moved a hlujhy colour in
his face; but dcfcrting him, he reiapfed into palc-
nefs and languor. Harvrf tn Cunjumptiuni,

•Jo BLU'STER. a/, n. [fuppofed from
klaft.\

1 . To roar as a ftorm ; to be violent and
loud.

Earth his uncouth mother was,
And blufi^ring ^olus his boafted fire. Sptnfer,

So now he llorms with many a fturdy ftoure ;
So now his bhji'rhg Uaft each coall dotli fcour.

Sfcnjcr.

2. To bully ; to puff; to fwaggcr ; to be
tumultuous.

My heart's too b'g to bear this, fays a btajler'mg
fellow ; ril deftrojr myfelf. Sir, fays the gentle-
man, here 's a dagger at your fcrvice : To the
humour went off. U f.jirangt.

Either he muft fink to a downright confeirion,
or mud huff and hlufier, till perhaps be raife a
counter-ftorm. Gvuenmint of tbt Tongue,

Virgil had the majefty of a lawful prince, and
Statius only the bluflcr'mt of 3 tyrant. Dryden.

There let him reign the jailor of the wina' ;
With hoarfe commands his breathing fubjedls call,
And fcoaft and blujler in his empty hall. Drydrn.

Bn;'sTER. n. /. [from the verb.]
-4 . Roar of llorms ; tempeft.

The fkles look grimly,
And threaten prefent blufitrt, Sbaiifftart.

To the winds t'^ey fet
Their corner' ; when with bluj}ir to confound
Sea, air, ami (here. Milioti.

2. Noife ; tumult.

So, by the brazen trumpet's bhjiir.
Troops of all tongues and nations muftcr. Stvifi,

3. Turbulence ; fiiry. •

Spare thy Athenian cradle, and thofe kin.
Which in the blufitr of thy wrath muft fall
With tl.of.- that have oftended. Shakffptari.

4. Boall ; boillcroafnefs.

A coward make; a great deal more tlufttr than

a man of honour. L^E/irange.

Blus'terer. n. /. [from blujler."] A

fwaggercr ; a bully ; a tumultuous ooify

fellow.

Vol. I.

Blu'strovs. adj. \JroxatliiJ!er.'\ Tumul-
tuous ; noify.

The ancient heroes were illuftrious
For being benign, and not blujirout, Iludibras,

BMI. »./, A note in mufick.

Gamut I am, the ground of all accord,
Bmi, Bianca, t.'.ke him for thy lord. Staieffmri.

Bo. interj. A word of terrour ; from Bo,
an old northern captain, of fuch fame,
that his name was ufed to terrify the
enemy. Temple.

BO'AR. n.f. [ban, Saxon ; ^«r, Dutch.]
The male fwine.

To fly the bmr, before the boar purfues,
Weie to inccnfe the ioaito follow us. Sbai.f/ejrt.

She fped the b'jur away :
His eyeballs glare with fire, futfui'd with biood ;
His neck Ihuts up a thickeil thorny wood ;
His brilHed back a trench impal'd appears. Diyd.
Bo'ar-spear. n. f. [from hoar and
Jpear.l A fpear ufed in hunting the boar.

And in her hand a fliarp boar-fpear flic held.
And at her back a bow and quiver gay,
Stuffed with ftcel-heailed darts. Fmri ^nerr.

Echion threw the tirrt, 'xi: mifs'd his mark.
And ftruck his boar-fprar on a maple bark. Dryd.

BOARD, n. /. [baurd, Goth. bpxd.
Saxon.]

1 . A piece of wood of more length and
breadth than thicknefs.

With the faw they fundred trees in loarJi and
planks. Raleigh.

Every houfe has a board over the door, where-
on is written the number, fex, and quality of the
perfons living in it. Temple.

Go now, go truft the wind's uncertain breath,
Remov'd four fingers from approaching death ;
Or feven at mod, when tliickeft is the board. Dryd.

2. A table, [from burdJ, Wellh.]

Soon after which, three hundred lords he flew.
Of BritiOi blood, all fitting at hisiaurj/. Fairy ^

In bed he (Icpt not, for my urging it j
At btard he fed not, for my urging it. Shalufp.

I'll follow thee in fun'rat fiames ; when dead.
My gholl Oiall thee attend at board and bed.

Sir jf. Denhem.
Cleopatra made Antony a fupper, which wa.
fun^ptuous and royal ; howbeit there was no ex-
traordinary fcrvice upon the board.

llakewil/ on Providence,
May cv'ry god his friendly aid aftbrd ;
Pan guard thy flock, and Ceres blefs thy board.

Prior.

3. Entertainment; food.

4. A table at which a council or court is
held.

Both better acquainted with affairs, than any
other who fat then at that bottrJ. Clarendon.

5. An aflembly feated at a table ; a court
of jurifdiftion.

I wiih the king would be pleafed fometimes
to be prefent at that board \ it adds a niajclty to ir.

Bacon,

6. The deck or floor of a (lilp ; on board
fignifies in a (hip.

Now board to board the rival ved'els row,
The billows lave the Ikies, and ocean groans below.

Drydtn.

Our captain thought his (hip in fo great dan-
ger, that he confclTed himfelf to a capuchin who
was on board, jiddijort.

fic ordered his men to arm long poles with
/harp hooks, wherewith they took hold of the tack-
ling which held the mainyard to the mart of their
enemy's fhip ; then, rowing their own Ihip, they
cut the tackling, and brought the mainyard by the
hoard, Arbuihnot on Coini.

To Board, t. a. [from the noun.]
I. To enter a (hip by force ; the fame as
to ftorm, ufed of a city.

I Imrdid the king's fliip : now on the beifc,
Now in the wafte, the deck, in every cabin,
I flam'd amazement. Shake/pear;.

He, not inclin'd the Engli& (hip to board.
More on his guns relies than on his fword.
From whence a fatal volley we leceiv'd ;
It niil's'd the dtike, but his great heart it griev'd.

fya//cr.

Arm, arm, fhe cry'd, and let our Tyriansi.a/i
With ours his fleet, and carry fire and fword. Dent.

2, To attack, or make the firft attempt
upon a man ; aborder quelqu'un, Fr.

Whom, thus at gaze, the palmer 'gan to board
With goodly reafon, and thusfair befpake. Fairy £J.

Away, 1 do befcech you both, away;
I'll hoard him prefently. Stakcfpeare's Hamlet,

Sure, unlefs he knew fome ftrain in me, that
I knew not myfelf, he would never have boarded
me in this fury. Shake/pea- :,

They learn what afVociates and correfpondents
they had, and how far every one is engaged, and
what new ones they meant afterwards to try or
brard. ■ Bacon i Henry VII.

3. To l.iy or pave with boards.

Having thus boarded the whole room, the edges
of fome boards lie higher than the next board :
therefore thry perul'e the whole floor; and, where
they find any irregularities, plane them off.

Moxni Mechanical Excrcifet,

To Board, v. n. To live in a houfe,
where a certain rate is paid for eating.

That sve might not part.
As we at firft did board with thee.
Now thou wouldft taftc our mifcry. Herbert.

We arc fevcral of us, gentlemen and ladies,
who b^ard in the fame houfe ; and, after dinner,
one of our company ftands up, and reads your
paper to us all. SpcHator.

'To Board. 1;. a. To place as a boarder

in another's houfe.
Board-wages, n.f. [from board and

luages.] Wages allowed to fervants to

keep themfelves in viduais.

What more than madnefs reigns.
When one fhort fitting many hundreds drains ;
And not enough is left him to fupply
Beard-wages, or a footman's livery. Dryden.

Bo'arder. n.f. [from boeird.'\ A tabler ;
one that eats with another at a fettled
rate.

Bo'ardxnc-school. )i. /. [from beard
and/f^oo/.] A fchool where the fcho-
lars live with the teacher. It is com-
monly ufed of a fchool for girls.

A blockhead, with melodious voice.
In boardingfcho'ls can have lii^ choice. Swifi.

Bo'arish. adj. [from Bear,] Swini(h ;-
brutal ; cruel.

I would not fee thy cruel nails
Pluck out his poor old eyes ; nor thy fierce Cf?cr
In his anointed llefh Itick boarift> fangs. Utak,

To BOAST, *. if. [bo/}, Welfh.]

1 . To brag ; to difplay one's own worth,
or aflions, in great words.

Let not him that --utteth on his hamefs, itafi
himfelf as he that putteth it ofj. JLWj.

The fp'rits beneath.
Whom I ftduc'd, bmjfing I could fuhdue
Th' Omnipotent. Mitlt»,

2. To talk oftentatioufly.

For I know the fnrrt ardnefi of your mind, for
which 1 Uaji ff you to tlicm of Macedonia.

I Cor,\x,1,

3. It IS ufed commonly with cf.

My f^ntencc i-, for open war ; 0/ wiles,
More inexpert, 1 boaft not. Miltias.

4. Sometimes with in.

They boajl in mortal things, aod *-ond'rlng tell
Of Babel, and tlic works of Memphian kings.

RTdttn,
D i Some

BOA

."xjine furgenni I have met, cartj-ing t>on«4 about
in thiir rotkcts, hcejtmg in that which was their
ffianif. " ff^ifeauB.

5. To exalt one's felf.

Thus with youv mouth yon have t'tijlrd againft
mc, and multiplied your words againft nie.

Ezri. xiiv. 13.

To Boast, t/. a.

1. To brag of; to difplay with oftenta-
tious language.

For if 1 have hajfcd any thing to him of you,
I am not alhamrd. 2 Cor. vii. 14.

Neither do the fpirits damn'd
Lofe all their virtue, left bad man fliould ho:'fi
Their fpecioiis deeds. Milton.

If they vouchfaled to give Cod the praife of his
goodncfs ; yet they did it only, in order to ioaji
the intereft they had in him. yilurtury.

2. To magnify ; to exalt.

They tiiat tmft in their wealth, and i!><i^thcm-
fclvcs in themultitudeofthcirriches. Pf.i/m xl\x. 6.

Confounded be all them that ferve graven ima-
ges, that icaj} thcmfelves of idols. P/alm xcvii. 7.

Boast. ». /. [from the verb.]
I. An expreffion of oflentation ; a proud
fpeech.

Thou, that makeft thy ic^Ji of the law, through
l>realcing the Uw dishonoured thou God ?

Remans f ii. 23.

The world is move apt to find fault than to
commend ; the tiajl will probably be cenfurcd,
when the great a£lion that occafioned it is for-
gotten. Sfrfijur.

i, A caufe of boafting ; an occafion of
pride ; the thing boalted.

Not Tyro, nor Mycene, match her name.
Nor great Alcmcna, the proud l^ajii of fame. Pope.

Bo'aster. »./. [from boajl.] A bragger ;
a man that vaunts any thing oilenta-
tioufly.

Complaints the more candid and judicious of
the chymllls thcmfelves are wont to make of thofe
hcnfteri, that confidently pretend that they have
cxtraAed the fait or fulphur of quickfilver, when
they have difguifed it by addiumcnts, wherewith
it rcfemblcs the concretes. Boyle,

No more delays, vain boafier ! but begin ;
I prophefy beforehand I /hall win ;
lil teach you how to brag another time. Dryden.

He the proud h^flirt lent, with item aflault,
Down to the realms of night. Phi/if 1.

Bo'astful. adj. [from ioafi and _/«//.]
Oflentatious ; inclined to brag.

Bcnjifufy and rough, your firft fon is a 'fquire j
The next a Cradefman, meok, and much a liar.

Pope.

Bo'astingly. aJv. [from boafiing.'] Of-
tentatioufly.

We look on it as a pitch of impiety, ioafiifigly
to avow our fins ; and it deferves to be confidercd,
whether this kind of confefling them, have not
fome affinity with it. Decay of Piety.

BOAT. «./. [bar, Saxon.]

1. A veflel to pafs the water in. It is
nfually diftinguirtied from other velTels,
by being fmaller and uncovered, and
commonly moved by rowing.

1 do not think that any one nation, the Syrian
excepted, to whom the knowledge of the ark came,
did find out at once the device of either Hiip or
fioii, in which they durft venture themfclvcs upon
the fcas. Raieigb^J Ej/ayt.

An effeminate fcoundiel multitude !
Whofe utmoft daring is to crofs the Nile
In painted ioats, to fright the crocodile.

Tate^t Juvenal-

2, A fhip of a fmall fize ; as, a faffnge
boat, peuquet boat, ad-vke boat , fly boat.

Boa'tion. n.f. \ixQvciboare, Lat.] Roar;
noifc ; loud found.
In Mcifina IniuucAIonj the guns were hcatd

BOB

fretn thence as far as Augufta and Syri(«re, tbaut
an hundipj lt.ili.in niilci, in loud kotiiian.

Derhiim'l PbyfiiO-Tbenliry-

Bo'atman. ) »./. [from boat ixnd tnan.]
Bo'atsman. J He that manages a boat.

Bottfmen through the cryftal water (ho*,
T.i wond'rir.g pallengers, the walls below. Diyd-

That booby Phaon only was unkind.
An ill-bred koalman, rough as waves and wind.

Prior.

Bo'ATSWAtN. n.f. [from boat a.nA/tvain.]
An officer on board a lliip. who has
charge of all her rigging, ropci, cables,
anchors, fiils, flags, colours, pendants,
l5c. Healfot.akes care of the long-boat,
and its furniture, and ileers her either
bv himfelf or his mate. He calls out
the feveral gangs and companies to the
execution of their watches, works, and
fpells ; and he is alfo a kind of provoft-
niarfhal, fcizes and punilhes all offen-
ders, that are fentenced by the captain,
or court-martial of the whole fleet.

Harris.
Sometimes the meaneft tcaiftvain may help to
prefcrvG the fliip from finking.

H'jiucl's Prt-cn-.imnce of Pilr!iar>!!Vt.

To BOB. V. a. [of uncertain etymology:
Skinner deduces it from bobo, foolilh.
Span.]

1 . To cut. "Junius. Whence bobtail.

2. To beat ; to drub ; to bang.

Thole b.illard Britons, whom our fathers
Have in their own land beaten, boib'd, and thump'd.

Shakejpiare.

3. To cheat ; to gain by fraud.

1 have bobbed his brain more than he has beat
my bones, Shakefpeare.

Live, Roderigo \
He calls mc to a reftitution large
Of gold and jewels that I bohb'd from him,
As gifts to Defdemona. Shakefpeare.

Here we have been worrying one another, who
(hould have the booty, till this curfed fox has
bobbed us both on't. L'Efrrjr.gt.

To Bob. 1). n. To play backward and
forward ; to play lool'ely againft any
thing.

And fomctimes lurk I in a goflip's bowl.
In very likenefs of a roafted crab ;
And when (he drinks againft her lips I bcb.
And on her withered dewlap p 'ur the ale.

Midjummer Nigbt'i Dream.

They comb, and then tliey order ev'ry hair ;
A birthday jewel bobbing at ihcir ear. Drydev.

Y'ju may tell her,
I'm rich in jewels, rings, and bobbing pearls,
Pluck'd from Moors ears. Dryden.

Bob. «./. [from the verb neuter.]

1. Something that hangs fo as to play
loofely ; generally an ornament at tlie
ear ; a pendant ; an ear-ring.

The gaudy golTip, when (he's let .igog.
In jewels drcrt, and at each car a /'sA. Dryden.

2. The words repeated at the end of a

flanza.

To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the fong.

L^EJlrange.

3. A blow.

I am fliarply taunted, yea fometimea with
pinches, nips, and bobs. yif^tam't Scboolmajier.

4. A mode of ringing.

Bo'bbin. n.f. [bobtne, Vt. irom bombyx,
Lat.] A fmall pin of wood, with a
notch, to wind the thread about when
women weave lace.

The thingt you follow, and make fongs on now,

(hould be fent to knit, or lit dowu to bebtini, or

bootlace. Teller.

I

\

BOD

Bo'bsivwork. n. /. [from bobbin and
ti;ori.] Work woven with bobbins.

Not netted nor w.-.vcn with warp and woof, but
after the rrnnncr oi bobbinv-'crH. Grtiu^s Mujefum.
Bo'bcherry. n.f. [from bob and cheny."]
A play among children, in which th,o
cherry is hang fo as to bob againll the-
mouth.

Bobcberry teaches at once two noble virtues,
patience and conft.uicy ; the fird, in adhering to
the purfuit of one end j the latter, in bearing a
di (appointment. jirbvthr.ot and Pope.

Bo'btaii.. It./, [(vom bob, in the fenl'c
of fa/.] Cut tail ; fhort tail.
Avaunt, you curs !
Be thy mouth or black or white.
Or bobtail tike, or trundle tail,
Tom will make him weep and wail. Shakefpeare,

Bo'bt AILED, adj. [from bobtail.] Hav-
ing a tail cut, or fhort.

There was a boblailed cur cried in 3 gaiette,
and one that found him brought him home to h^s
maftcr. VEfirahge.

Bo'bwig. n. f. [from ^e^ and tuig.] A
Ihort wig.

A young fellow riding towards us full gallop,
with a bobivig and a black (ilken bag tied to it,
llopt (hort at the coach, to a(k us how far the
judges were behind. SpeBator,

Bo'cAsiNE. n.f. A fort of linen cloth ; a
fine buckram. Diil.

Bo'cKELET. \»./. A kind of long-wing-
Bo'cKERET.j ed hawk.

To BODE. T. a. [bobian. Sax.] To por-
tend ; to be the omen of. It is ufed in
a fenfe of either good or bad.

This bodes fome ({range eruption to our ftate.

Hamlet.

You have oppofed their falfe policy wirh true
and great wifdom ; what they boded would be a
mifchicf to us, you arc providing (hall be one of
our principal ftrengths. ^pratt^s Sermons.

It happcn'd once, a boding prodigy I
A (warm of bees that cut the liquid (ky
Upon the topmaft branch in clouds alight. Dryd.

If (icry red his glowing globe dcfcends.
High winds and furious tempe()s he portends 5
But if his cheeks are fwoln with livid blue.
He boeles wet weather by his watry hue. Drydm,

To Bo D E. "v. n. To be an omen ; to
forelhew.

Sir, give me leave to fay, whatever now
The omen prove, it bodfd well to you. Dryden.

Bo'dement, n.y; [from bodt.] Portent j
omen ; prognoftick.

This foolilh, dreaming, fuperllitious girl.
Makes all thefe bodcntents. Shakefpeare.

Macbeth (hail never vanquilh'd be, until
Great Birnam-wood to Dunfinane's high hill
Shall come againlt him

That will never be :

Sweet bodements, good. Shakefpeav.

To Bodge, f . n. [a word in Shakefpeare,
which is perhaps corrupted froin boggle.]
To boggle ; to flop ; to fail.

With this we charg'd again : but out, alas!
We bulg'd again : as I have fcen a fwan,
Wita booticfs labour, fv^im ag.i:n{l the tide. Stal.
Bo'dice. n. /. [from bodies.] Stays; a
waiftcoat quilted with vyhalebone, worn
by women.

Her bodice halfway (he unlacM }
About his arms (he (lily call
The (ilkcn band, and held him faft. Prior.

This conliJcration (hould keep ignorant nurfcs
and io</jf.-.T.akers fr>m me.ldliiig. Locke.

Bo'DiLEss.fl(^'. [from ^ci^'.] Incorporeal j
having no body.

They bodilrfi and immaterial are.
And can be only lodg'd witliin our rounds. Davies.

Th.s

BOD

This IS the verj' coinage of our brain ;
This hcd'deft creation ccftafy
Is vcrj* cunning in. Sbakefptart.

Theft are but fliadows, •

Phantoms bod'thft and vain.
Empty vifinns cf 'he brJin. Stvift.

Bo'di.ly, a:/;, [from ifO((y.]

I. Corporeal ; containing body.

Whjc refemblancc could wi>od or ftonc bear to
1 rpiric void ot' all fenTible qualities, and iodi/y
dimcnfions ? Scuth,

Z. Relating to the body, not the mind.

Of fuch as reforted to our Savif»ur Chrift^ being

prefcnt on earth, there came not any unto him

with betrcr fucceTs, for the benefit or' their fouh

■ cverlafting happinefi, than they whofc bfdily ne-

certit'es gave occafion of feeking relief. H^^ker.

Virtue atcncS for h-kf'tfy defers j beiuty is no-
thing worth, without a mind. L^Eftrangt,

As clcarncf'i of the hdiiy eye dcth (fifpofc it
for a quicker fight ; fo doth freedom from luft
and paHion difpofe us for the moil pcrfc£l ad^s of
reafon. t'tihtjon,

I would not have children much beaten for
their faults, hecaufe I would not have them (bink
hod'ily pain the greatell puniihnQcnt* Luki.

3. Real ; adual.

Whatever h.ith been thought on in this ftate,
That could be brought Co h^ily adl, ere Rome
K.id circumvention. Shakiipeare.

Bo'dilv.W-v. Corporeally; united with
matter.

It is his human nature, in which the godhead
dv^ells hoJi/y, that is advanced to thciie honours,
and to this empire. JVata,

Bo'dkin, n,/, l^boddikcnt or fmall body ;

Skinner,'^

1. An inftrument with a fmall blade and
iharp point, ufed to bore holes.

Each of chem had bodkins in their Jiands, where-
with continually they pricked him. SiJmy.

2. An iuftrument to draw a thread or rib-
band through a loop.

Or plungM in lakes of bitter waihes lie,
Or wedgM whole ages in a ladkiit's eye. P(/f>e»

3. An inibument to drcfs the hair.

You took conftant cjrc
The bodiin, comb, and ciVcncc to prepare !
For this your locks in paper durance bound. Pcpe.
BO'DY. ft./, [bobij, Saxon ; it originally
Agnized the height or flature of a man.]

1. The material fubftance of an animal,
oppofed to the immaterial foul.

All the valiant men arofc, and went all night,
and took the b'jJy of Saul, and the bodies nf his
fun&, from the wall. Samuel,

Take no thought for your lift, what ye iha!l
cat, or what ye Oiali drink j nor yet for yn\ir bcdy^
what ye /hall put on. Matthcio,

By cultom, pudlice, and patrencr, all dJlficultics
and hardihips, whether of body or oi fortune, are
made eafy, VEjirange.

2. Matter : oppofed to fpirit.

3. A perfon ; a human being: whence
fomebody and nobody ,

Surely, a wife b'jdy^t part it were not ti put out
his Are, becaufe hit f<H>li(h n«igiibour, from whom
he borrowed wherewith to kindle it, might fay,
were it not fur me tliou wnuldil freeze. Hooker.

A defiow*r(fJ maid !
And by an eminent bcdy, that enfiirc'd
The law againll it ! Sbakrjpeare,

*Ti» a pafling fhame^
T hat I, unworthy bcdy a& 1 am,
Siiould ccnfurc thu» on lovely gentlemen. Shak.

No icA fceth me j what need 1 to fear > the
Moft High will not rc:nrinUr my fmi. Ealus,

All civility and reafon obliged every body to
fubmit. Clarendan,

Good may be drawn out of evil, and a br)dy'%
tifc may be faved without having any obligation to
hit prcUiver. Vt-fitangi,

BOG

4. Reality ; oppofed to reprefentation : a
fcriptural fenfe.

A ihadow of things to come j but the body is of
ClirilV. Colojpans.

5. A colleftive mafs ; a joint power.

There is in tlic knowledge both of God and
man this certainty, that lite and death have di-
vided between them the whole body of mankind.

Hooker,

There were fo many difaffeflcJ pcrfons of the
mbility, that there might a b<uty Hart up for the
king. Ciartrd^n,

When pigmies pretend to form ihemfelves into
a hofiy, it is time for us, who are men oi figdre,
to look ab->ut us. ^(iii'tj:,ns Cuartiian,

6. The main army ; the battle : diftinft
from the wings, van, and rear.

The van of tnc king's army was led by t)ie
general and Wilmot ; in tl:e totly was the king
and the prince j and the 'r^sr confifted of one
thoufand foot, commanded under colonel Thel-
w-ell. Clarendon.

7. A corporation ; a number of men
united by fome common tye.

I (hall now mention a particular wherein your
whole hotiy will be certainly againft me; and the
laity, almofl to a man, on my fide. Swift,

Nothing was more common, th.m to hear that
. reverend hoeiy charged with what is inconiillent j
defpifcd for their poverty, and hated for their
richer. Stvift*

8. The main part ; the bullc : as, the boeiy,
or hull, of a (hip; the tody of a coach ;
the botiy of a church ; the boJy, or trunic,
of a man ; the body, or trunk, of a tree.

Thence fent rich merchandizes by boat to Ba-
bylon) from whence, by the i?</f of Euphrates,
as far as it bended wellward \ and, afterward, by
a branch thereof, Raleigh,

This city has navigable rivers, thit run up into
the body of Italy ; they might fupply many coun-
tries with fi(h. Acitiifzrt,

9. A fubltance ; matter, as diilinguilhed
from other matter.

Even a metalline body^ and therefore much more
a vegetable or animal, may, by tire, be t'irned
into water. £oyle»

10. [In geometry.] Any folid figure.

11. A pandeft ; a general collection : as,
a /Wv of the civil law ; a boe/y of divi-
nity.

12. Strength ; as, wine of a good body.
Bouy-ci.OTHts. n. f. [from body and

clothes.'] Clothing for horfes that are

dieted.

1 am informed that feveral afTcs arc kept in
body-cl^iatbiy and fweatcd every morning upon the
heath. « ytjdijhn.

To Bo'dv. V, a. [from the noun.] To
produce in fome form.

As imagination bodie$ forth
The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen
Turns them to ihapc. Sbakrfpeare.

BOG. n.f. [bog, foft, Irilh ; bague, Fr.]
A marlh ; a morafs ; a ground too foft
to bear the weight of the body.

Through iire and through ftami;, through fnrJ
and whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire. Sbakeffteure.

A gulf profound ! as that Serbunian bi.gj
Betwixt Damiata and mount Cafius old. ATi/rott.

He walks upon bjgs and whirlpools j vvhcrc-
focvcr he treads, he finks. South.

Learn from fo great a wit. a land of bogs
With ditchc'i fcnc'd, a heaven fat with fogs. Dry J.

He is drawn, by a fort of i£i>;j fatuui, into io/i

and mire almoin every day of his life. h^atri,

Boo-TROTTER. ». / [from bog and Iral.}

One that lives in a boggy countrv.
To BO'GCiLP:. f. n. [from bogil, Dutch,
a fpcclrc, a bugbear, a pliantom.]

B O I

1 . To ftart ; to fly back ; to fear to come
forward.

You baggle-lknviily i every feather flarts you.

Shakefpeare*
Vft ftart and boggle at every unufual appearance,
and cannot endure the fight of the bugbear.

Grattvilkm
Nature, that rude, and in her fitft eflay.
Stood boggling at the roughnefs of the way j
UsM to the road, unknowing to return,
Goes boldly on, and loves the path when worn.

Drydcnt

2. To hefitate, to be in doubt.

And never boggle to reftore
The members you deliver o'er.
Upon demand. Hudibras.

The well-fhapcd changeling is a man that has
a rational foul, fiiy you ? Make the ejrs a little
longer, and more pointed, and the nofe a little
flatter tlian ftrdinary, and then you begin to boggle.

hoe he.

3. To play fail and loofe ; to diffemble.

When fummoned to his lail end, it was no timo
for him to boggle with the world. Ho^vel.

Bo'cc 1.7.9.. n.f. [from boggle."] A doubter ;
a timorotts man.

You have been a boggier ever. Sbakefpearcm

Bo'cGY. adj. [from bog^ Marlhy ; fwam-

py-

Their country was very narrow, low, and boggy,
and, by great induftry and cxpcnces, defended
from the fea. ArbuihtM.

Bo'g HOUSE, n. f. [from ^ef and houfi.'\
A houfe of office.

Bohe'a. n.f. [an Indian word.] A (pedes
of tea, of higher . colour, and more
aftringent tafte, than green tea.

Coarfe pewter, confifting chiefly of lead, is part
of the bales in which hobca tea was brought from
China. Wood'ward»

As fome frail cup of China's faireft; mold
The tumults of the boiling bobea braves.
And holds fccure the coffee's fable waves. tiekelK

She went from opera, park, afl'cmbly, play.
To morning walks, and pray'rs three hours a day;
To part her time 'twixt reading and bobea.
To mufe, and fpill her folitary tea. Pope,

To BOIL. v. n. \boutlhr, Fr. bullio, Lat.]

1. To be agitated by heat ; to fluftuate
with heat.

He faw there ioi/ the fiery whirlpools. Chapman.

Suppofe the earth removed, and placed nearer to
the fun, in the orbit of Mercury, there the whole
ocean would boil with extremity of heat. Beniley.

2. To be hot ; to be fervent, or effervef-
cent.

That ftrength with which my boi/itig youth was
fraught.
When in the vale of Balafor I fought. Dryditi.

Well I knew
What perils youthful ardour would purfue.
That bciling blood would carry thee too far. Dryd,

3. To move with an agitation like that of

boiling water.

Then headlong flioots beneath the dalhing tide.
The trembling fins the boiling waves divide. Gay^

4. To be in hot liquor, in order to be
made tender by the heat.

Fillet of a fenny fnake.
In the cauldron boil and bake. Sbakefpeare^

5. To cook by boiling.

If yiitt live in a rich family, roafting^d boiling
are below the dignity of your ofHce, and which it
becomes yr>u to be ignorant of. ilivife*

6. To bait over. To run over the vefTel with
heat.

A few foft words and a kift, and the good man
nicltt i fee how nature works and btili ever in him.

Cmgrnie.
D d » Thi>

B O L

Th'u hollow was a vaft cauldron, tilleil w'ltli
melceil matter, which, as it hci/eJ vvtr in any part,
raa down the fitics of the mountain. Add\j, on Italy,

To Boil. v. a. To heat, by putting into
boiling water ; to feeth.

To try whether feeds be old or new, the fenfc
cannot inform j but if you toU them in water, the
new feeds will fprout fooner. Ba<on.

In eggs boiled and roalled, into which the water
entcrf th not at all, there is fcavce any difference to
be difcemed* Bacon,

Boil. n,/. See Bii.b.

Bo'i L A R y . ». / [from To toil.] A place at

the fait works where the fait is boiled.
Bo'iLER. /I./, [from toil.]

1 . The perfon that boils any thing.

That fuch alterations of terrelirial matter are
not impolTiblr, fecms evident from that notable
praOicc ff tbe toilers of falt-petrc. SijU.

2. The veflel in which any thing is boiled.

This coffee-room is much frequented ; and
there are generally feveral pots and loiltrt before
the fire. ffoodmiard.

BOISTEROUS, adj. [hfier, furious,
Dutch.]

1. Violent; loud; roaring ; ftormy.

By a divine inftinft, men's minds millrufl
£nfuing danger; as by proof we fee
The waters fwell before a hoijltroui ftorm. Siaieff,
As when loud winds a well-grown oak would
rend
Up by the roots, this way and that they bend
His reeling trunk, and with a boifi^roui found
Scatter hi> leaves, and ftrew them on the ground.

If'aller.

2. Turbulent ; tumultuous ; furious.

Spirit of peace,
Wherefore do you fo ill tranflate yourfelf
Out of the fpeech of peace, that bears fuch grace,
Into the harlh and hoiji'rous torgueof war ? Shak.

His fwcetnefs won a more regard
Unto his place, than all the hojJTrcut moodJ
That ignorant g'eatnefs praflileth. Ben Jon/on,

God into the hands of their deliverer
Puts invincible might.

To quell the mighty of the earth, th' oppreflor.
The brute and iol/i'nus force of violent men. Afi/rtr.
Still mult I beg thee not to name Scmpronius ;
Lucia, I like not that loud hoifienui man. AdJiJt>n.

3. Unwieldy ; clumfily violent.

His hiijlerous c\\ib, fo buried in the ground.
He cou'td not reaien up again fo light.
But that the knight him at advantage frund.

Fain i^ecn,

4. It is ufed by ff^ocd-warii of hent ; violent.

When the fun hath gained a greater ftrength,

the heat becomes too powerful and boi/trrcus for

them. Naiurcl Uijhry.

Bo'isTEROusLY. oJi; . [from boijlerous."]

Violently ; tumultuouily.

A fceptrc, fnatch'd wiili an unruly hand,
Wuft be as toijleroujly mainta'n'd as gain'd. Sl-ak,
Thofe are all remains of the univerfnl dcluire,
when the water of the ocean, being hijlrrn'jh
turned out upon tlie earth, bore along with it .th
moveable bodies. fyo'niwaid.

Another faculty of the intelleft comes hmjiimjU
in, and wakes me from fo pleafmg a dream. S^vjift.
Bo'lSTEROUSNESS. n.f. [ftom hoijlerous .'\
The ftatc cr quality of being boiilerous ;
tumu'tuoufnels ; turbulence.
Bo'lary. adj. [from hole.^ Partaking of
the nature of bole, or clay.

A Hvak and inanimate kind of loadilone,wirh a
few magnctical lines, but chiefly confilVmg of a
bcUrj and clammy fubftance. Brcivn'i Vu!g, Err.

BOLD, adj, [bate, Saxon.]
I. Daring; brave; ftout ; courageous;
magnanimous ; fearlefs ; intrepid.

TliC wicked flee when no man purfucth ; but
the iig}>tcous are iold as » Uon. Provcrii.

B O L

I have fcen the councils of a noble country grow
hold, or timorous, according to the fits of his good
or ill health that managed them. Temple,

t. Executed with fpirit, and without mean

caution.

Thefe, nervous, bold ; thofe, languid and re-

mifs. Rcficmniir:.

The cathedral church is a very iuW work, and a

mafter-piece of Gothick archite£lurc^</i/i/'.<in J/a^.

3. Confident; not fcrupulousj not timo-
rous.

We were bold in our God to fpeak unto you
the gofpel of God with much contention, i Tbeff".

I can be bcid to fay, that this age is adorned
with fome men of that judgment, that they could
open new and undifcoveicd ways to knowledge.

Locke.

4. Impudent ; rude.

In thy profperlty he will be as tliyfelf, and will
be bild over thy fervants. If tliou be brought low,
he will be againll thee. Ecc.'ut.

5. Licentious; fuch as (hew great liberty
of fitlion, or expreflion.

The figures arc bold even to temerity. Co^vley.
Which no hold tales of gods or monfters fwell,
But human palTions, fuch as with us dwell. Waller.

6. Standing olJt to the view ; ftriking to
the eye,

Catachrefes and hyperboles are to be ufed judi-
cioufly, and placed in poetry, as heightenings and
fliadows in painting, to make the figure holder, and
caufe it to (tand off to light. Dryden,

7. Open ; fmooth ; even ; level : a failor's
term.

Her dominions have hold acceflible coalls. Howel.
I. To mail iold. To take freedoms : a
phrafe not grammatical, though com-
mon. To be bold is better ; as, / luas
hold to tell the houfe, that fcandalous
livings make fcandalous minillers.

Rudgerd,

I have made hold to fend to your wife ;
My fuit is, that the will to Dcfdemona
Procure me fome accefs. &bakijpcare,

Aldkingfo hold.
My fears forgetting manners, to unfeal
Their grand commiffinn. Slakcffeare,

And were y* as good as George a Green,
I fh?ll make bold to turn agen. Htidibras,

I durft not make thus bold with Ovid, leil fome
future Milbourn rtiould arifc. Dryden.

Some men have the !oi tune to be efteemed wits,
only for making bold to feoff at thefe things, which
the greater part of mankind reverence. tilloijon.

To Bo'lden.i». a. [from bold.'\ To make
bold ; to give conhdencc.

Quick inventcrs, and fair ready fpeakers, being
boldcnid w'wh their prefent abilities to fay more,
and perchance better tf/i, at the fudden for that
prefcnt, than any other can -do, ufe lefs help of
diligence and ftudy. j^fcbam's Scboolmajli

I am mucli t.TO vent'rous
In tempting of your patience, but am bolden^d
t'nder your promis'd pardon. Sbakefpeare,

Bo'ldface. n.f. [from bold znA jfau;'\
Impudence; faucinefs ; a term of re-
proach and reprehenfion.

How now, bcldfa<t ! cries an old trot: firrah,
we cat our own hcrr, I'd have you knr>\v ; what
you eat, you fteal, L KJlrarge.

Bo'ldfacld. adj. [from ^eA/ and _/flr^.]
Impudent.

I have ficn thole fillieft of creatures ; and,
feeing thc'r lare works, I have fc"n enough to
confute all the boldfaced atheifts of this age.

Bramhall ttgfiitj} Uobhei.

Bo'loly. adv. [from bold.']

1. In a bold manner ; with courage ; with

fpiiit.
Thus we may boldly fpcak, being ftrengthened

with the exampU of fo reverend a pirbte. fiotkir.

B O L

I fpeak to fubjefls, and a fuWjeQ fpeaki,
Stirt'd up by heav'n, thus boldly for his king,

Stakcfpeare.

2. It may perhaps be fometimes ufed, in a

bad fenle, for impudently.
Bo'ldness. «./^from bold.]

1 , Courage ; bravery ; intrepidity ; fpi-
rit ; fortitude ; magnanimity ; daring-
nefs.

Her horfe Ihe rid fo, as might fiicw a fearful
holdnefi, daring to do that which die knew not bow
to do. Sidney '

2, Exemption from caution and fcrupulous
nicety.

The holdnefi of the figures is to be hidden fome-
times by the addrefs of the pixM, that they may
work their effeft upon the mindt Dryden,

3, Freedom ; liberty.
Great is my holdnefi of fpeech toward you ; great

is my glorying in you. 2 Corinthians,

y. Confident truft in God.

Our fear exdudeth not that boldnefs which be-
Cometh faints. Hooker,

We have holdnefi and accefs with confidence, by
the faith of him. Ephepani.

Having therefore holdnefi to enter into the ho-
licft by the blood of Jefus. Hthrervs,

;, Aflurance ; freedom from bafhfulnels ;
confident mien.

Wonderful is the cafe of holdnefi in civil bufi-
nefs : what firft ? Boldnefs, What fecond and
third i Boldnif, And yet holdnefi is a child of
ignorance and bafenefs, far inferiouc to other parts.

Bacon,
Sure, if the guilt were theirs, they could not
charge thee
With fuch a gallant holdnefi ; if 'twere thine.
Thou couldft not hear 't with fuch a lilent fcom.

Denham,

His dil^ance, though it does not inftruft him to

think wifer than other princes, yet it helps him to

fpeak with more holdnefi what he thinks. Temple,

Boldnefs is the power to fpeak or do what we

intend, before others, without fear or diforder.

Locke,

6. Impudence.

That moderation, which ufeth to fupprefs hold-
nefi, and to make them conquer that fuffcr. Hooker,

BOLE. «./

1 . The body or trunk of a tree.

All fell upon the high-hair'd oaks, and down
their curled brows
Fell buftling to the earth ; and up went all th:
boles and boughs. Chapman,

But when the fmoither bole from knots is free,
Wc make a deep inclfion in the tree. Dryden,
View well this tree, the queen of all the grove ;
How vail her tJe, how wide her arms are fpread.
How high above the reft <hc (boots her head ! Dryd,

2. A kind r ' irth.

Bole Armii..,.,^ is an aftringent earth, which
takes its name from Armenia, the country from
which we have it. V'oodward,

3. A meafure of corn, containing fix
bufhels.

Of good barley put eight holes, that is, about
fix Englifh quarters, in a (tone trough. Mortimer,

BO'llS. n,f. [Latin.]

Bolis is a great ficrj ball, fwiftly hurried through
the air, and generally drawing a tail after it. Arif-
tolle calls it caprj. There have often been im-
menfe balls of this kind. Mufihintrseck,

Boll. ». /. A round ftalk or ftem ; as, a

boll of flax.
To Boll, -v. n. [from the noun.] To

rife in a ftalk.

And the flax and the barley was fmltten : for
the barley was in the ear, and the flax wa^ holUJ,

Exodus,

BO'LSTER, It. f [bolj-tre. Sax, boljler,
Dutch.]

I. Some-

B O L

1. Something laid on the bed, toraifeand
fupport the head ; commonly a bag filled
with down or feathers.

Perhaps fome cold bank is her holjier now.
Or *gatnft the rugged bh.k of fome broad elm
Leans her unpillowM head. Mtlton.

This arm (hall be a ioljler for thy head ;
ril fetch clean Uraw to make a foldier's bed. Gay.

2. A pad, or quilt, to hinder any pref-
fure, or fill up any vacuity.

Up goes her hand, and off Ihe flips
The holjitn that fupply her hips. S-w'ift.

3. A pad, or comprefs, to be laid on a
wound.

The bandage is the girt, which hath a holjler in
the middle, and the ends tacked iirmly together.

}yijeman,

4. [In horfemanihip.]

The bilfien of a faddle are thofe parts raifed upon
the bows, to hold the rider's thigh. Farritr'i Did.

To Bo'lster. v. a, [from the noun.]

1 . To fupport the head with a bolfter.

2. To alFord a bed to.

Mortal eyes do fee them talfier.
More than their own. Shaktfpeart^s OtbeUo,

3. To hold wounds together with a com-
prefs.

The pradice of holfttring the cheeks forward,
does little fervicc to the wound, and is very uneafy
to the patient. Sbarf,

4. To fupport ; to hold up ; to maintain.
This is now an exprellion fomewhat
coarfe and obfolete.

We may be made wiler by the publick perfua-
ijons grafted in men's minds. To they be ufed to
further the truth, not to Mjicr errour. Hooktr.

The lawyer fets his tongue to fale for the hcijltr-
tng out of unjuft caufes. Hakcwi/l.

It was the way of many to hoffitr up their crazy
doating confciences with confidences. Saulb.

BOLT. n. f. [6ouii, Dutch ; BiM^.]
I. An arrow ; a dart fhot from a crofsbow.

Yet mark'd I where the Mt of Cupid fell }
It feil upon a little weftem Bower,
Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound.

Sbaiefpeare.
The blunted <o/f againft the nymph he dreftj
But with the (harp transfix'd Ap'illo's breaft. Dryd.
2 .Lightning ; a thunderbolt.

Sing'd with the flames, and with the it/ts trans-
fix'd.
With native earth your blood the monfters mix'd.

Dry,i,n.

3. Bolt upright ; that is, upright as an
arrow.

Brufli iron, native or from the mine, confiftcth
of long ilriae, about the thickncfs of a fmall knit-
ting needle, ioJi ufrighl, like the btiftles of a ftitt"
Wulh. Oreia.

As I ftood Ml upright opon one end, one of the
laaiei burft ou^. j^dMfon.

4, The bar of a door, fo called from being
ftraight like an arrow. We now {iy,jhoot
tie bdt, when we fpeak of fattening or
opening a door.

*'i'is not in thee, to oppoie the bolt
A^i'ynA my coming in. Shaitfpeare.

J. An iron to fallen the legs of a priloner.
This is, I think, corrupted from bought,
or link.

Away with him to prifon ; lay bittt enough upon
him. Sbaitjftartt

To Bolt. -v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To (hut or fallen with a bolt.
The balled gates hew open at the blall ;
Tbe ftorm rulh'd in, and Arcite Hood aghart.

Dry.lrn.

3. To blurt out, or throw out precipitantly.

1 hate vfhvn vice caa^'/// her arguments,
And virtue has n j tong uc to check her pride, Milisn.

B O L

3. To fallen, as a bolt or pin ; to pin ; to
keep together.

That I could reach the a»le, where the pins are
Which bolt this frame, that I might pull them out !

Ben Jorjtin.

4. To fetter ; to Ihackle.

It is great
To do that thing that ends all other deeds,
Which ihackles accidents, and bolls up change.

Sbakejfteare.

5. To fift, or feparate the parts of any
thing with a fieve. [bluter, Fr.]

He now had bmilted all the flour. Sfevjer.

in the bolting and lifting of fourteen years of
power and favour, all that came out could not be
pure meal. Walton.

I cannot bolt this matter to the bran.
As Bradwardin and holy Auftin can. Dryden.

6. To examine by fifting ; to try out ; to
lay open.

It would be well bolted out, whether great re-
fradions may not be made upon reflections, as
upon direct beams. Bacon.

The judge, or jury, or parties, or the council, or
attornies, propounding quellions, beats and bolts out
the truth much better than when the witnefs deli-
vers only a formal feries. Hale.

Time and nature will W/ out the truth of things,
through all difguifes. VEJlrange.

7. To purify; to purge. This is harfli.

The fanned fnow,
That'j bolted hf the northern blaft twice o'er.

Sbakejpeare.

To Bolt. 1;. ». To fpring out with (peed
and fuddennefs ; to ilart out with the
quicknefs of an arrow.

This Puck feems but a dreaming dolt.
Still walking like a ragged colt,
And oft out of a bufli doth ball.
Of purpofe to deceive us. Drayton.

They erefled a fort, and from thence they
boiled like beads of the forell, fometimea into the
foicft, fometimcs into the woods and faftnefTes,
and fometimes back to their den. Baccn.

As the houfe was all in a flame, out bolts a
moufe from the ruins to fave herfelf. VEfirangc.

I have refleflcd on thofe men who, from time to
time, have /hot themfelves into the world. I have
feen many fucceflTions of them ; fome bolting out
upon the ftage with vaft applaufc, and others hiffed
oti. Dryden.

The birds to foreign feats rcpair'd;
And beafts, that bolted out, and faw the forcft
bar'd, Dryder.

BoLT-ROPE. ». / [from bolt and rope.]
The rope on which the fail of a (hip is
fewed and faftened. Sea Diil.

Bo'lter. n. /. [from the verb.]

1 . A fieve to feparate meal from bran or
hufks ; or to feparate finer from coarfcr
pnrts.

Dowlas, filthy ijowlas ! I have given them away
to bakers wives, and they have made boltirs of
them. Shaktjpearc.

With a good ftrong chopping knife mince the
^V) capons, bones and all, as fmall as ordinary
minced meat j put them into a large neat hoiitr.
B aeon s Natural Hjftiry.

When fupercilioufly be fifis
Through coarfcft bolter others gifts. Hudibrai.

2. A kind of net.

ihefi: hikes, and divers others of the fore-
cited, are taken with threads, and fome of them
with the bolter, which is a fpiUer of a bigger Cur..

Carezv.

Eo'lthead. »./. A long (Iraight-necked
glafs vefTel, for chymical diftillations,
called alfo a matrajs, or receiver.

This fpirit abounds in fait, which may be fepa-
rated, by putting the litjuor into a ttllbcad with a
long narrow neck, Jlojlc.

BOM

Bo'ltinc-house. n. /. [from bolt inS>
houfe.] The place where meal is fifted.

The jade is returned as white, and as powdered,
as if Ihe had been at work in a bolting-bcufe,

Dennis,

Bo'ltsprit. 1 n.f. A mall running out
Bo'wspRiT. J at the head of a fliip, not
Handing upright, but aflope. The but
end of it is generally fet againfl the foot
of the foreman ; fo that they are a ftay
to one another. The length without
board is fufiicient to let its fails hang,
clear of all incumbrances. If the bolt-
fprit fail in bad weather, the foremall
cannot hold long after. Bovijprit is per-
haps the right fpelling. Sea Diil^

Sometin.es I'd divide.
And burn in many places ; on the topmaA:,
The yards, and boltfpril, would I flame dlftinfVly.

Sbakejpeare^

Bo'lus. n.f. [5oA©-.] A form of medi-
cine, in which the ingredients are made
up into a foft mafs, larger than pills, to
be fwal lowed at once.

Keep their bodies foluble the while by dyftere,
lenitive boluja of callia and manna, witlr fyrup of-
violets. fyi/eman—

By poets we are well afiur'd,
That love, alas ! can ne'er be cur'd^'
A complicated heap of ills,
Dcfpifing iolu/is and pills. Stvifti-

BOMB. n.f. [bomius, Lat.]

1. A loud noife.

An upper chamber being thought weak, was-
fupportcd by a pillar of iron, of the bignefs of.
one's arm in the midii ; which, if you had Itruck^.
would make a little flat noife in the room, but a
great bomb in the chamber beneath. Bacon.

2. A hollow iron ball, or fhell, filled with,
gunpowder, and furnifhed with a vent
for a fufee, or wooden tube filled witl^
combullible matter, to be thrown out
from a mortar, which had its name-
from the noife it makes. The fufee,
being fet on fire, burns flowly till it
reaches the gunpowder, which goes ofF
at once, burlling the (hell to pieces with
incredible violence : whence the ufe of
bombs in befieging towns. The langeft
are about eighteen inches in diameter.
By whom they were invented is not
known, and the time is uncertain; fome
fixing it to 1588, and others to 1495.

Chambert.
The loud cannon miflive iron pours.
And in the flaught'ringAomAGradivus roars, Rovve,.

To Bomb, 1;. a. [from the noun.] To
fall upon with bombs ; to bombard.

Our king thus trembles at Namur,
Whilft Villeroy, who ne'er afraid is.

To Bruxelles marches on Iccurc,
To bomb the monks, and fcare the ladies. Prior.

Bo ME -CHE ST. ti.f. [from bomb and che/l.J
A kindof chell filled ufually with bombs,
and fometirses only with gunpowder,
placed under ground, to tear and blow
it up in the air, with thofe who (land
on it. Chambers.

Bomb-ketch. 7 n.f. A kind of rtilp,
BoMB-viissEL. 3 llrongly built, to bear
the Ihock of a mortar, when bombs arc
to be fired into a town.

Nor could an ordinary fleet, with bomh-'vtjph,
hope to fuccecd againfl a place that haj in its ar-
fenal gallics and mcu of vkar. jiddifon on Italy.

Bo'.MBARD,

BON

fio'M8AK.n. B. /. \bvmbarJui, Latin.]

1 . A great gan ; a cannon : it i» a word
now obfolete.

Tiiey planted in diver; places twelre great'icm-
tariis^ wlicrcvvith thfy thicw huge lionet into the
air, which, fjlling down into the city, might break
down the houfes. Kmlla,

2. A barrel. Obfolete.

1'» Bom B a'r t>. v. a. [from the noun.] To

attack with bombs.

A medal it (Irucic on the Englilh failing in
their attempts on Dunkirk* when tbcy endea-
voured to bUiw up a tort, and tomiard (he town.

MJiJcn.
BomsaRDi'er. n. f. [from hombard.'\
' The engineerwhofc employment it is to
flioot bombs.

The htmhardkr tolTes his ball fomctimes into the
inidKof a cit)-, with a defign to fill all around him
MJth terro-jr and combullion. 1'tiltr.

Bomba'rdment. n. /. [iiom. bombard .'\
An attiick made upon J any "city ,'- by-
throwing bombs int6 it. ■• '■'■'■ ■■

Genoa la not yet fecur* fiwrn a hmthtrilnnn ,
though it is not fo cxpoied as formerly, yidaijan,

Bombasi'n. u./. \_bembajin, Fr. from bom-
bydntis, ftlken, Lat.] A flight filken
Ihiff", for mourning.

Bomba'st. tt. f. [A fluff of Toft loofe
texture ufcd formerly to fwell the gar-
ment, and thence ufed to fignify bulk
or (hew without folidity.] Fullian ; big
words, without meaning.

Not pedants motley tongue, foldiers hcmhafiy
ftlountcbanks drug-tongue, nor the terms of law.
Are ftrong enough preparatives to draw
Me to hear this. Donne,

Arc all the flights of heroick poety to be con-
cluded bwtibiiji, unnatural, and mere madncfs, be.
caufc they are not aft'eftcd with their excellencies ?

Dryden.

Bo'mbast. adj. [from the fubftantive.]
High foundmg ; of big found without
meaging.

He, as loving his own pride and purpofe,
Evades them with z hombaji circumftance.
Horribly ftuft'd with epithets of war. Staitfjp.
Bombila'tion. »./. [fiombombus, Lat.]
Sound ; noife ; report.

How to abate the vigour, or filence the har.bila-
ttcn of gun^, a way is faid to be by borax and but-
ter, mixt in a due proportion, which will almoft
take off the report, and alfi) the force of the charge,
i, Brmvn'i Vulgar Erroun.

BoMBv'ciNOus. aifj. [bombycinui, Lat.]

Silken ; made of filk.
£ONJ ROBA. n. /. [Ital. a fine gown.]
A (hewy wanton.

We knew where the hma roha% were, Shuhcff}.

BONJ-SUS. n.f. [Lat.] A kind of buf-
falo, or wild bull.

BONCHRE'TIEN. n.f. [French.] A .'pe-
cies of pear, fo called, probably, from
the name of a gardener.

BOND. a. /. [bonb. Sax. bound; it is
written indifferently, in many of its
iefxki, bond, or band. See Band.]

1. Cords, or chains, with which anyone
is bound.

There left me, and my man, both bound to-
gether i
Till, gnawing with my teeth my ionii afundcr,
I gsin'd my freedom. Shahjfeari.

2. Ligament that holds any thing toge-
ther.

Let any one fend hit contemplation to the ex-
trcoiitica of the univcrfe, and fee what cooceivable

BON

hotfpl, what Itni he can Imagine, to hold thin m'sft
of matter in fo clofe a preiVur.'. together. • Code.

3. Union ; connexion : a workman's term.

Obferve, in \«orkiiig up the walls, that no fide
of the hoaie, nor any part ft the walls, be brought
up tlirce feet abovp the other, before the aexf
adjoining wail be wrought up to it, fo that ihej
miy bf all joined together, and make a good icnd.
Mortimer's Uujhandry.

4.. [In the pIuraL] Chains; imprifon-
. ment ; captivity.

Whom I perceived to have nothing laid to hi?
charge worthy of death, or ai b^ndi, Acii, xjtiii, 29.

5. Cement of union ; caufe of unioa; link
of connexion.

Wedding is grpat Juno's crown ;
O blcfl'ediiurf of board and bed ! Shaitjftarc.

Love cools, brothers divide, and the h'^nd 15
cracked 't^vixt'fon.ajd father, Shakifp. King Lrar.

6. A writing of oblig.ntion to pay a fum,
or perform a contraft.

1 -Go with me to a notary, fcal me there

I Your Tingle bond. Shahffeafc.

I ■ What if I ne'er confcntto make you mihc j

My father's promife ties me not to time;

And burdi without a diie, they fay, are void.

Drydm.

7. Obligation ; law by which any man is
obliged.

Unhappy that I am ! I cannot? heave
My heart mto my mouth : I love your majcfty
According to my Itcndy no more nor lefi, Sh.ik.
Take which you pleafc, it difiblves the bofids
of government and obedience, ho:ke.

Bond. adj. [from bind, perhaps for bound;
from jebonben. Saxon.] Captive ; in a
fervile Hate.

Whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we
be bond or free. i Cor, xii, 13.

Bo'ndage. n. f, [from hond.'\

1 . Captivity ; imprifonment ; ftate of re-
ftraint

You only have overthrown me, and In my
bondage confills my glory. Sidney.

Say, gentle princefs, would you not fuppofe
Your bondage happy, to be made a queen ?
—To be a queen in bondage, is more vile
Than is a (lave in bafe fervility. Sbakfpeare.

Our cage
We make a choir, as doth the prifon'd bird,
And (ing our bondage freely, Shaktjf. Cjmbeline.

The king, when he dclign'd you for my guard,
Refolv'd he would not make my bondage hard, Vryd,

2. Obligation ; tye of duty.

If (he has a ftruggie for honour, (he is in a
bondagt to love ; which gives the ftory its turn that
way. Pofe,

He muft refolve by no means to be enllaved,
and brought under the bondage of obferving oaths,
which ought to vanilli when they Hand in com-
petition with eating and drinking, or taking mo-
ney, • Hotiih.
Bo'ndmaid. n.f, [from bond, captive,
and »»<?/</.] A woman flave.

Good fiftcr, wrong me not, nor wrong yourfclf,
To made a bondmaid and a Have of me, Sbaie/p.

Bo'ndman, rt. /, [from ^eW and man,]
A man flave,

Amongft the Romans, in making of a bondman
free, was it not wondered wherefore fo great ado
(hould be made ? the maftcr to prefcnt his flave
in fome court, to take him by the hand, and not
only to fay, in the hearing of the publick ma-
giltrate, 1 will that this man become free ; but,
after thofc foltmn words uttered, to ftrike him on
the cheek, to turn him round, the hair of his
head to be Ihaved oft", the magiftrate to touch him
thrice with a rod; in the end, a cap and a white
garment given him, Utok:r.

O freedom 1 firft delight of human kind ;
Not that which ^(fli/mm from tiicir maliers 6nd.

Vrjden.

BON

Bondie'rvant. n, f. ffrom h«nd and
jirwan/.] A flave ; a fervant without
, the liberty of quitting his mailer,

, And if thy brot-her, that divclleth bjtho*, be
' waxen poor, and be fold unto thee, thou tflialt nit
compel him to ferve .k a btnd-ffrvan/. -1

Levitieui, rev, 3 j,

Bon itse'r VICE, »./ [from bond ^.tA fit-
, "vice.] The condition of a bondl'eivant ;
flavery.
Upon thole did Solomon levy a tribute of bond-
fervice. King!,

Bo'tiDSLAVE; n./: [from bind 'and Jlave,]
A man in flavery ; one pf fervile con-
dition, who cannot change his mailer.

Love enjoined fuch diligence, that no apprch-
r'-c, no, no bondjUvey could ever be, by tear,
more ready at all commands than that young prin-
cefs was, Sidney*
All her ornaments are taken away ; of a freer
I woman (Ve is becomea*5<;r/^<TOt', t Mace. Vi.ti.
j Comiiiunly xhe btn.'ijla've i ] fed by his lord, but
I here tire lord was fed by his bondjlj^e.
I Sir y. Dailies,
Bo'kdsmak. h. /, [from ^cW and man,]
: 1. A flave. . .'

' Carnal greedy people, without fuch a precept,
would have nc mercy tipon their poor bondjmen
and beads. Derlofr,

2, A perfon bound, or giving fecurity, for
another, .

Bo'ndswoman, a,/ [from bend undivo-
man,] A woman flave.

My lords, thu feitators
Are fold for flaves, and their wives for bondfioomer,
Ben yonfon'i Caialine^

BONE, n.f. [ban, Saxon.]

I . The folid parts of the body of an animal,
made up of hard fibres, tied one to an-
other by fraall tranfverfe fibres, as thofe
of the mufcles. In a foetus they are
porous, foft, and eafily difcerned. As
their pores fill with a fubftance of their
own nature, fo they increafe, harden,
and grow clofe to one another. They
are all fpongy, and full of little ceils ;
or are of a confiderable firm thicknefs,
with a large cavity, except the teeth ;
and where they are articulated, they
are covered with a tiiin and tlrong mem>
brane, called the periofteum. Each bone
is much bigger at its extremity than in
the middle, that the articulations might
be firm, and the bones not eafily put out
of joint. But, becaufe the middle of
the bone fliould be tlrong, to fuilain its
allotted weight, and refill accidents, the
fibres are there more clofely compafted
together, fupporting one another ; and
the bone is made hollow, and conlc-
quently not fo eafily broken, as it mull
have been had it been folid and fmaller.

Thy bona are marrowlcfs, thy blood is cold.

Macbeth.

There was lately a yoon; gentleman bit to the

h^ne. Taller.

4, A fragment of meat ; a bone with as
much flefli as adheres to it.

Like JV.h^'i hnunds contending for the hor.e.
Each pleaded right, and would be lord alone,

Dryden,

3, To be upon the bones. To attack.

I'ufs had a month's mind ts be ufon tie benei of
him, but was aot willing to pick a ijuarrcl.

L'ijfraifge,

4- to

BON

4. To make no hones. To make no fcruple ;
a metaphor taken from a dog, who rea-
dily (wallows meat that has no bones.

5. B&'ies. A.{on of bokbim, midsoi UOt-
ter bones, for weaving bonelace.

6. Bones. Dice.

Buc then my ftudy was to cog the dice.
And dext'roufly to tiirow the luck-y fuc ;
To fhun anlci ace, that Tuept my ftjkcs away j
And watch the box, tor tear they fli^-'uld convey
Falle isn«, and put uiu>n me in the play. Drf^rn.

To Bone. f. a. [frotn the noun.] To take
' out the bones from the flelh ; as, the
cooks ioned the veal.

Bo'nelace. ti.f. [itom bone zni lace; the
bobbins with which lace is woven being
frequently made of bones.] Flaxen lace,
fuch as women wear on their linen.

The things ^ou follow, and make fongs on
now, fhould be fent to knit, or fit down to bobbini
or b-^nilace. Taller.

We deftroy the fynimcir; of the human figure,
and foolilhly contrive to call off the eye from great
and real beauties, to childiih gewgaw ribbantis and
bontlacu Spe^atar.

Bo'neless. <2^°. [from ^«w.j .Waiting
bones.

I would, while it was fmiling in my face,
Have pluckt my nipple from hii htmeltft ^ums,
And daflit the brains out. iihah ■^peare\

To Bo'neset. -v. n. [from ^o»ir and y>/.]
To rellore a bone out of joint to its
place; or join a bone broken to"t'h«
other part.

A fractured leg fet in the country by on* pre.
tending to tcnijitthg^ fp^ifimait's Sarg.—v.

Bo'nesetter.h./; [from boneja.] Achi-

rurgeon ; one who particularly profefTes

the art of reftoring brokep or luxated

bones. ' ^

At prefentmjrdcfire is to have a ^ood imefetrrr,

Bo'n fire. ft./, [from ion, good, Fr. and
_/5'rf.] A fire made for forae publick
cauie of triumph or exultation.

Ring ye the bells to make it wear awjy,

And h-.rjirti make all day. Sfcnjcr,

How came fo many k-^r.f.ns to be made in queen

Mary'5 days ? Wl.y, flic had abufe^ and deceived

her penple. •- ' 'ttuthi

Full foon by iiw-_^r<, and by liell,
We learnt our liege was paffins'v.cll. Caii

Bo'kgrace. n.f. [Sonne £raie,Fr.] A
forehead- cloth, or covenng for the fore-
head. Not now ufcd. Skinner,
I have feen her bcfet all over with emeralds
and pearls, ranged in rows about her cawl, her
peruke, her kongract, and chaplet.

JiMiiViilfcn PrcvUenri,
Bo'nnet. n.f. [bonet,Fr.'] A covering
for the head ; a hat ; a cap.

Go to them with this hnfiet in thy Iiand, ■
And thus far having ftrctch'd it, here be with them,
Thy knee bufliiig til-.- (tones; for, in fuch bufirxfs,
A^iun U eloquence. abahfpearii Coriolanu:,

They had not probably the ceremony of vailing
the bonmi in their falutacions ; for, in medals,
they (till have it on their hcais. jiid'iLn.

Bo'nnet. [In fortification.] A kind of
little ravelin, witho'Jt any ditch, having
a parapet three feet high, anciently
placed before the points cf the (aliani;
angles of the glacis.

Bo'nnet a priijlre, or pricft's cap, ij an
outwork, having at the head thxee faliaat
angles, and two inwards,

Bo'nnet*. [In the fea language.] Sm.tll
fails fei on the coiurfcs oa the mizzcn.

B 0;0

itialnfail, and forefail of a (hip, when
thefe are too narrow or (hallow to clothe
the malt, or in order to make more way
in calm weather. Chambers.

Eo'nnilv. adj. [from ^a;;?yi.] Gayly ;
handfomely ; plumply.

Bo'nniness. n.f. \\^ova. bonny. "[ Gayety ;
handfomenefs ; plumpnefs.

BO'NNy. adj. [from bon, bonne, Fr. It
is a word now almo(t confined to the
Scotti(h dialefl.]-

i . Hand(bme ; beautiful.

Match to match I have encounter'd him.
And made a prey for .carrion kites and crows
Ev'n 01 the l:vny beafl lie lov'd fo well. Shakeffi.

Thus wiil'd the louts inmelancholy ftrain.
Till iomy Sufan fped acrofs the plain. ■ Gay.

2. Gay ; merry ; frolickfome ; cheerful ;
blithe.

Tlicn figh not fo, but let them go,
Ar.d be you blithe and 6onny. Shakefftare.

3. It fecms to be generally ufed in conver-
fation (oY plumb.

Bonny-clabber. »./ , A word ufed in
Ireland for four buttermilk.

We fcorn, for want of talk, to jabber
Or pj:tics o'er oM\ bcnny-cUbbir;
Nor are we ituoious to enqui'r.
Who votes for roanars, who foi hire. Siv'ift.

BO'NUM MAGNUM, n.f. A fpecies of

plum.,
Bo'Ny. adj. [from (5ew.]

1 . Confiiling of bor.es.

At the end of tnis h>le ii a membrane, faftened
to a round hony limb, and ftretched like the I'ead
cf a drum; and tberefoie, by anatomifts, called
tymfavum. Ruy.

2. Full of bones.
Bo'oBY. n.f. [a word of no certain ety-

jiiology. Henjhaiu thinks it a corruption
of bull-beef, ridiculoufly ; Skinner ima-
gines it to be derived from hobo, fooli(h,
Spanilh. Junius finds boivbard to be an
old Scottifh word for a coiuard, a con-
temptible felloiv ; from which he natu-
rally deduces booby : but the original of
iovjbardli not known.] A dull, heavy,
Ilupid fellow ; a lubber.
•i...BBt one exception to this faft we find ;
That to-jby i'haon only was unkind.
An ill-bred boatman, rough as waves and wind.
^ . Prior.

■V oung mafter next muft rife to fill him wine.
And (larve himfclf to fee the baby dine. f^'tg.

book;, n.f [boc. Sax. fuppofed from boc,
a beech, becaufe they wrote on beechen
boards ; as liber, in Latin, from the
rind of a tree.]

I. A volume in which we read or write.

See a lank of prayer in his hand ;
True omamcnn to know a holy man. Sbakefpiarc,

Receive the ftntence of the law for fins.
Such as by God's hi^k are adjudg'd to death. Shak.

In the coffin that had the bucks, they were found
as frefh as if they had been but newly written ;
being written on parchment, and covered over
with watch candles of wax. Bacon.

Ilioki are a fort of dumb teachers; they cannot
anfwet fuddcn quefiions, or explain prefent doubts :
this is properly the work of a living inlttuQor.

lyadi.

t. A particular part of a work.

The firft book we divide into feiSions ; whereof
the firft is th"fc chapters paft. I'lirnel's Theory.

}. The regifter in which a trader keeps an
account of his debts.

This life
Is aoblcr thaa attending r«r a bauble i

3 O O

Frouier, tfim rttrtling In unpaid-for /ilk ;
Such giin the cap of him that makes thcmJ5ne»
Yet keeps his book uncrofs'd. Shakeffeare.

4. In books. In kind remembrance.

1 was fo much in hii books, that, at his deceafe»
he left me the lamp by which he ufed to write his
lucubrations. Mdifoti.

5, U'ithoM book. By memory; by repeti-
tion ; without reading.

Sermons read they abhor in the church ; but
fermons ivUbout book, fcrmons which fpend their
life in their birth, and may have public audience
but once. Hooker.

To Book. 1;. a. [from the noun.] To re-
girter in a book.

I befcech your grace, let it be booked with the
reft of this day's deeds ; or I will have it in a par-
ticular ballad clfe, with mine own picture on the
top of it. _ Sbaktjpiare.

He made wilful murder high treafon ; he caufed
the marchers to book their men, for whom they
fliould make anlwcr. Davits on Ireland..

Book-keeping, n.f. [from book and
keef.l The art of keeping accounts, or
recording pecuniary tranfaftions, in fuch
a manner, that at any time a man may
thereby know the true ftate of the whole,
or any part of his affairs, with clearnefs
and expedition. Harris.

Bo'oKBiNDER. n.f. [from book and bind. ]
A man whofe prpfeffion it is to cover
books.

Bo'oKFlTL.a^". [{lombook sxiAfulLI Full
of notions gleaned from book* ; crowded
with Undigefted knowledge.

The boo'ful blockhead, ignorantiy read.
With loads of learned lumber in his head.
With his own tongue ftill edifies his ears.
And always lift"ning to himfelf appears. Pope,

Bo'oKisH. adj. [from book.'\ Given to
books ; acquainted only with books. It
is generally ufed contemptuoufly.

I'll make him yield the crown,
Whofe boiUjh rule hath puU'd fair England down.

^hakcjpearc.

I'm not bookijh, yet I can read waittog-gentle-

woman in the 'Icape. Shake/peare's H^inter'i Talc.

Xantippe follows her namcfake ; being married

to a booHjh man, who has no knowledge of th?

world. SfcRalar.

Bo'oKiSHNESs. »./. [bom. bookijh.^ Much
application to books ; over-ftudioufnefs.

Bookle'akned. adj. [from book and
learned.] Verfcd in books, or literature ;
a term implying (bme (light contempt.

Whate'cr thefe book/earn d blockheads fay,
Solon 's the verieft fool in all the play. Drydev.

He vwll quote pafiages out of Plato .ind Piiidar,
at his oWn table, to fome kookiearned companion,
without blulhing. Siviri.

Bookle'arning. n.f. [from book and
learning.] Skill in liter.lture ; acquaint-
ance with booki : a term of fome con-
tempt.

They miglit talk of boiklearninir what they
would, but he never faw more unfeaty fellows than
great clerks. ^ Sidih/.

Neither does it fo much require heoklearning aiid
fchoiarfliip, as good natural fenfe, to diftinguiih
true and falfc, and to difcern what is well proved,
and what is not. Burners Theory.

Bo'okman. n.f. [from hook and«;an.] A
man whofe profclfion is the ftudy of
books.

This civil war of wits were much better us'd
On Navarre and his bookmen ; for here 'lis abus'd.

Shakcjfiare,

Bo'oKMATE. n.f. [from ^w< and w«w.]
Schoolfellow.

Thit

BOO

Thii Armada it a Spaniard that keeps Kkre in
court,
A phanurm, a monarch, and one that makes fport
To the prince and his hooimaut, yShakvpsare*

Bo'oKSELLER. ti. /. [ffom ^00^ and /i//.]
He wbofe profciTion it is to fell books.

He went to the boikjellery and told Itim in anger,
he had fold a book in which then was fali'e di-
vinity, fyalion.

Bo'oKWORM. n./. [ftom lotii a.nd iverm ■]

1. A worm or mite that eats holes in books,
chiefly when damp.

My lion, like a moth or booi'wcryK, feeds upon
nothing but paper, and I Ihall beg of them to diet
him with wholcfome and fubftantial food.

GuarMarii

2. A lludent too clofely given to books ;
a reader without judgment.

Among ihofe venerable galleries and folitary

Iccnes of the univerfity, I wnted but a black

gown, and a falary, to be as mere a boolivcrm as

any ihei-e. Port's Lcntri^

Bo'oLY. n.jr. [An Irifli term.] '<

All the Tartaiianb, and the people about tht
'Cafpian Sea, which are naturally Scythians, live
in hordes; being the very fame that the Irilh
t»liei are, driving their cattle with them, and
feeding only on their milk and white meats.

Spcnfir,

Boom. «./ [from boom, a tree, Dutch.]

i . [In fea language] A long pole uled

to fpread out the clue of the lludding

fail ; and fometlmes the clues of the

mainfail and forefail are boomed out.

3. A pole with bufhcs or bafkets, fet up as
a mark to (hew the failors how to fteer
in the channel, when a country is over-
flown. Sea DiiSionary.

3. A bar of wood laid acrofs a harbour,
to keep off the enemy.

As his heroick worth Itruck envy dumb,
Who took the Dutchman, and who cut the loom,

DryJen*

To Boom. <v. n, [from the noun. A fea
term.]

1 . To rufli with violence ; as a fliip is faid
to come booming, when Ihe makes all the
fail Ihe can. Di^.

2. To fwell and fall together.

Burning o'er his head
The billows doa'd; he '5 number'd with the dead.

young,
Forfook by (hee, in vain I fought thy aid.
When boow'wg billows clos'd above my head. Pobe,

Boon. n.f. [from bene. Sax. a petition.]
A gift ; a grant ; a benefadlion ; a pre-
fent.

Vouchfafc me for my meed but one fair look :
A fmaller hatin than this I cannot beg.
And lefs than this, I'm fure, you cannot give.

Shakcfpaire*

That courtier, who obtained a i»B of tlie cm-

^ror, that he might every morning whifper him

in the ear, and fay nothing, afked no unprofitable

fuit for himfelf. Bacon^

The bluft'ring fool has fatisfy'd his will ;
His boati is giv'n; his knight has gain'd tlie day.
But loft the prize. Dry.Un'i tabUt,

What rhetorick didft thou ufe
To gain this mighty baonr ftie pities me !

yiddifm'i Cam.
Boon. a^lj. [ben, Fr.] Gay; merr)' : as,
a boon companion.

Satiate at length,
And heighten'd as with wine, jocund and boctt.
Thus to hcrfelf (he pleafingly began. Par. L.ft.
I know the infirmity of our family; we play the
i«» crimpaniun, and throw our money awav in
o<" cups- Arbutbnct.

B O 'O

BOOR. «./ [beer, Dutch ; jebujie. Sax.]
A ploughman ; a country fellow ; a
lout ; a clown.

'Ihe bare fenfe of a calamity is called grum-
bling ; and if a man does but make a face upon tiie
boor, he is prefcntly a maletontent. L'EJIrangij.
He may live as well as a>b»r of Holland, whole
cares of growing ftill richer wafte his life. Ttinfle.
To one vvell-born, th' aftront is worfe and m.irc.
When he's abus'd and baffled by a bocr, Prydt'n.
Bo'oRisH. ec/J. [from boor.] ClowniJh ;
rullick ; untaught ; uncivilized.

I'herefore, you ^lown, a'oandon, which is, ip
the vulgar, leave the fociety, which, in tlie bocrijh,
is, company of this female. Shakrfp. jlsycu like it.
Bo'ORisHLY. atiu. [irom boor ijh.] In a
booriO) manner ; after a clowniib man-
ner.
Bo'orishkess.w./ [irom boorijh.] Clown-
ilhnefs ; rullicity ; coarfenefs of man-
ners.
BoosE. n.f. [bofij. Sax.] A ftall for a

cow or an ox.
T» BOOT. 'V. a. [baten, to profit, Dutch :
bot, in Saxon, is recompence, repent-
ance, or fine paid by way of expiation ;
boian is, to repent, or to compenl'ate ;
as,

H* ij* pir-ji brc and bote,
Anb bet bivopen borne.]

1. To profit ; to advantage : it is com-
monly ufcd in thefe modes, it boots, or
nfihat boots it.

It (hall not boot them, who derogate from read-
ing, to excufc it, when they fee no other remedy ;
as if their intent were only to deny that aliens and
ftrangcrs from the family of God are won, or
that belief doth ufe to be.wrougbt at the firft in
them, without fermons. Hooker,

For what I have, 1 need not to repeat;
And what 1 want, it boott not to complain. Sbat,

If we ftiun
The purpos'd end, or here lie fixed all.
What tor.!: it us thcfe wari to have begun ? Fair/,

What boois the regal circle on his head,
That long behind he trails his pompous r«bc ? Po^,

2. To enrich ; to benefit.

And I will boot thee with what gift bcflde,
That modelly can beg. Stai, A«t, and CUofatra,

Boot, n,/, [from the verb.]

1. Profit; gain; advantage; fomething
given to mend the exchange.

My gravity.
Wherein, let no man hear me, 1 take pride, ^

Could I, with boot, change for an idle plume.
Which the air beats for vain. Sbahjpcare.

2. To boot. With advantage ; over and
above ; befides.

Canft thou, O partial deep, give thy rtpofe
To the wet feaboy, in an hour f^ rude; ■»
And, in the calmeft and the ftillcit night,
With all applLmces and mcanj to boor,
Deny it to a king ? Shahefprare.

Man is Cod's image; but apoor man is
Chrift'sllampfoiso/; both images regard. Hcrbirt.

He might have his mind and manners formed,
and be inftrutfled to boot in fevei al fclericei

L.M:kf,

3. It feems, in the following lines, ufed
for booty, or plunder.

Others, like loldiers, armed in their (lings,
Makci^ocr Lpon the fummer's velvet buds. Sbak^

BOOT. «./. [bottat, Armorick ; betes, a

flioc, Wdfli ; botte, French.]
I. A covering for the leg, ufed by horfe-

men.

That my leg is too long^
—No; that it is too little. —
I'll wear a boot, to make it fomewhat rounder.

Stakc/fearr.

BOO

Shcw'd him his room, where he mull lodge that
night,
Pull'd o(f his boots, and took away the light. Milt.

Bilhop Wilkin fays, he does not (juedion but
it will be as ufual fur a man to call for his wings,
when he is going a journey, at it is now to call
for his boon, Addijon'i CiMtrdUti,

2, A kind of rack for the leg, formerly ufed

in Scotland for torturing criminals.
Boot o/a Coach, The fpace between the

coachman and the coach.
To Boot. <k. a. [from the noon.] To put
on boots.

Boot, ho:t, mailer Shallow; I know the young
king is fick for me : let us take any man's tiorlcs.

Shakejpcare.

Boot-hose. »._/". [from boot and ioje.'^
Stockings to ferve for boots ; fpatter-

dalhes.

His lacquey with a linen (lock on one leg, and
a boot-boje on the other, gartered with a red and
blue lift. Stakcfftjre.

Boot-tree. »./. [from boot and trte.'l
Two pieces of wood, Ihaped like a leg,
to be driven into boots, for ftretching
and widening them.
Bo'ot-catcher. «. / [from boot and
catch,] The perfon whofe bufincfs at an
inn is to puil off the boots of paffengers.
The oilier and the booicatcber ought to partake.

Siuift,

'Zo'ort.D, atij, [from ^M/.] In boots ; in
a horfeman's habit.

A i'jjrcrf judge (hall fit to try his caufe.
Not by the (latate, but by martial laws. Dryd/n.

Booth, n./. [^W, Dutch; ^wC/fr, Welfli.]
A houfe built of boards, or boughs, to
be ufed for a fliort time.

The clothierb found m;ans to have all the quell
made of the northern men, fuch as had their h'ji:hs
in the fair. CamMr:,

Much mifcliief will be done at Bartholomew
fair by th« fall of a hc:>th, Siviji.

Bo'otless. at/J, [from boof.]

1. Ufelefs ; unprofitable ; unavailing ;
without advantage.

When thofe accurled mefTengers of hell
Canac to their wicked man, and 'gan to tcU
Their bootle/s pains, and ill fucceeding night.

Sfenfer.
. God did not fuffer him, being defirous of the
light ofwifdom, with baa/efi expencc of travel, to
wander in darknefs. Hooker.

Boot/eft fpeed,
When cowardice purfues, and valour flies. Stak,

Let him alone ;
I'll follow him no more with boot/rft pray'rs :
He feeks my life. Shakijftiirt

2. Without fuccefs.

Doth not Brutus boitUfi kneel ? Shakefteafe.
Thrice from the banks of Wye,
And fandy bott<tm'd Severn, have I fent
Him booiltfs home, and weathcr-heatc.-i back.

Shakeffeare.
Bo'oty. n,/, [buyt, Dutch; btitin, Fr.]

1. Plunder; pillage; fpoils gained from
the enemy.

One way a band feleft from forage drives j
A herd of beeves, fair oxen, and fair kine,
Their booty. Mi!„„,

His confciencc is the hue and cry that purfues
him ; and .when he reckoa:> that he has gotten a
bt.o!y, he has only caught a Tartar. VF.Jhangi,

For, Ihould you to extortion be inclin'd.
Your cruel guilt will little booty find. DryJrn,

2. Things gotten by robbery.

If 1 had a mmd to be honcft, I fee fortune would
not fuflcr me; (he drops hottics in my mouth.

Shakclfcirc.

3. Ta

B O R

m To flay heoty. To play di(honeftljr, with
»n intent to lofe. The French ufe, Je
Juis bmi, when they mean to fay, Iwll
not go.

We underftand what vre ought to do ; but whtn
we dclibtratc, we flay booty againU ourCelves : our
confciences direft ut le way, our corruptions
hurry us another. L'Eftrarge.

I have fet this argument in the belt light, that
the ladies may not think that I ivrite booty. Dryd.

Bope'ep. »./. [from ^0 and /«•/».] The
aft of looking out, and drawing back as
if frighted, or with the purpofe to fright
ibme other.

Then they for fudJen jOy did weep.

And I lor forrow fung.
That luch a king (hould play htptif.

And go the fouls among. Hhahflttrt.

Rivers,
That ferve inftead of peaceful barriers,
To part th' engagements of their warriours.
Where both from fide to fide may ficip.
And only encounter at bofup. Hud'tbrat.

There the devil plays at bifnf, puts out his
horns to do mjfchief, then ihrinks them back
for fafety. Drydn. i

BORA'CHIO. n.f. [ierracho. Span.] A
drunkard.

How you ftink of wine ! D' ye think my niece
will ever endure fuch a boracbio ! you "re an abfo-
lute boracbio. Congrnii.

Bo'rable. a<^'. [from tore.] That may
be bored.

Bo'race. n. /. [from borago, Lat.] A
plant. Mtlltr.

BORJMEZ. n. /. The Scythian lamb,
generally known by the name of Jgnus
Scytbicus,

Much wonder ii made of the boramex, that
ftrange plant-animal, or vegetable lamb of Tar-
tary, wtiich w.-lves delight to feed on j which hath
the ihape of a lamb, afttirdeth a bloody juice upon
breaking, and liveth while the plants be confumcd
about it. Brsws'i ynlgar Errcurt.

BO' RAX. n.f. [bcrax, low Latin.] An
artificial fait, prepared from ial amnra-
niac, nitre, calcined tartar, fea fait, and
alum,diflblved in wine. It is principally
ufed w folder metals, and fonietimes an
uterine ingredient in medicine, ^ixcy.
'it./, \_hordeel, Teut. bordel.

Bo'rdel. li .

Borde'llo. J Armorjck.] A brothel ;
a bav/dy-houfe.

From the bordilk it might come as well.
The fpiul, or piithatch. Ben -Jonjtn.

Making even his own houfe a ftew, a bordd,
and a fchool of Icwdnefs, to irfKi vice into the
unwarv ears of his poor chiHrcn. South.

BO'RDER. n.f. {bord. Germ, bord, Fr.]
J. The outer part or edge of any thing.

They have looking-gUlfts bordered with broad
bwdtrt ol cryftal, and great counterfeit precious
ftonet. Boctn.

The light mull ftrike on the middle, and ex-
tend its grtatell clearnefs on the principal figures ;
dimiiriftiing by degrees, as it comes neait-r and
nearer to the b<,rdirt. Drjdtn.

2. The march or edge of a country ; the
confine.

It a prince keep hit rcfiJelic* on the lardrrof his
Jominioni, tlie remote part* will rebel j bu: if he
make the centre his feat, be Ihall eafily keep them
in obedience. Sftnjrr.

}, The outer part of a garment, gene-
rally adorned with needlework, or oi-
naments.

4. A bank raifed round a garden, and fct
with flowers j a narrow rank of herbs or
ilowerj.
Vot. I.

B O R

T!i«re he arriving, round about doth flf
From bed to bed, from one to other bordrr ;

And takes furvey, with curious fanfy eye,
Of every flower and herb there fet in order. Sfifijir.

All with a bordtr of rich fruit-trees crown'd,
Whofe loaded branches hide the lofty mound :
Such various ways the fpacious alleys lead.
My doubtful mufe knows not what path to tread.

IValUr.

To Bo'rder. -v. ». [from the noun.]

1. To confine upon; to touch fomething
elfe at the fide or edge : with upon.

It borderelh upon the province of Croatia, which,
in time paft, had continual wars with the Turks
garrifons. Kmlles.

Virtue and honour had their temples bordering on
each other, and are fometimet both on the Cime
coin. jidd'^on.

2. To approach nearly to.

All wit, which border: upon profanenefs, and
makes bold with thofe things to which tlie greatcft
reverence is due, deferves to be branded with folly.

Ti/lotfon.

To Bo'r dek.. "v. a.

1. To adorn with a border of ornaments.

2. To reach ; to touch ; to confine upon ;
to be contiguous to.

Sheba and Kaamah are thofe parts of Arabia,
which border the fea called the Perfiaii gulf.

Rtileigh.

Bo'rdrrer. n.f. [from berder.] He that
dwells on the borders, extreme parts,
or confines ; he that dwells next to any
place.

They of thofe marches, gracious fovereign !
Shall be a wall fufficient to defend
Our inland from the pilfering borderers^ SttJkefp.
An ordinary horfe will carry two facks of land j
and, of fuch, the bordereri on the fea do bellow
fixty at lead in every acre} but moft hnlbands
double that number. Carrw.

The eafieft to be drawn
To our fociety, and to aid the war :
The rather for their feat, being next borJ'rirl
On Italy; and that they abound with horfe.

Btn ymfon.

The king of Scots in perfon, with Perkin in

his company, entered with a great army, though

it chiefly conlilied of b'^rdircri, being railed fome-

what fuddcnly. Bacin.

Volga's ftream
Sends oppofite, in Oiaggy armour clad.
Her borMrtrt ^ on mutual flau^htcr bent.
They rend their countries. Philipi.

To Bo'rdrage. v. n. [from border.'\ To
plunder the borders. Not in ufe.

Lmg time in peace his realm ellablilhed.
Yet oft annoy 'd with lundry bordrjgingt
Of neighbour Scots, and foreign fcatttrlings. SperJ.

To BORE. 01. a. [bonian. Sax.]
I. To pierce in a hole.

I'll believe at loon.
This wliole earth may bcior'J; and that the moon
May through clie c?-ntre creep. SbjJc-ff'tari:

Mulberries will be fairer, if you bore the trunk
of the tree through, and thrust, into the places
bcrtd, wedges of fome hot trees. Boon.

Cut Capys, and the graver fort, thought fit
The Greeks fiifpedted prefent to commit
I'o lea.«* or itames ; at leail, to fcarch and hjre
1 iie fides, and what that fpace contains t' explore.

Vintam.

. To hollow.

Take ihc Dlrrelof a long gun, pctfeflly bond,
and fet it upright, and take a bullet exactly fit
for it j and then, if you fuck at the mouth of the
barr'i never fo gently, the bullet \»ill come up (o
forcibly, that it will haiard the ftriklng out your
teeth. Dighy.

. 'i'o make by piercing.

Thefe diminutive caterpillari arc able, by de-
grees, to pierce or bore tbeix way iato a tree, with

B O R

tery ("mall holes ; wMch, after thejf ite foUy ««•
tered, grow together. Roy,

4. To pierce ; to break through.

Confider, reader, what fatigues I've knowBi
What riot* ictn, what buftling crowds I bor'd,
How oft I crofs'd wiiere c«rt« and coachei roar'4.

• Cij.
To Bore. v. ».

1 . To make a hole.

A man may make an inftrument to hire « hole
an inch wide, or half ui inch, cot to btrt a hoje
of a foot. Hfininit •

2. To pufli forward toward* a certain
point.

Thofe milk paps.
That through the window bars bore at men's eye*.
Are not within the leaf of pity writ. Shakefpiare^

Nor fuuthward to the raining regions run j
But boring to the weft, and hov'ring there.
With gaping mouths they draw prolifick air. Orydt
To Bore, v, ». [with farriers.] Is when a
horfe carries his nofe near the ground.

Bore. n.f. [from the verb.]
t. The hole made by boring.

Into hollow engines long and round,'
Thick ramm'd, at tb' other bort witli touch of fire
Dilated, and infuriate. Milton,

2. The inftrument with which a hole i*
bored.

So fliall that hole befit for &e file, or fquare bore.

Mo/eon,

3 . The fize of any hole ; the (javity ; tho
hollow.

We took a cylindrical pipe of glafs, whofe iort
was about a c^uarter of an inch in diameter. Boylu

Our careful monarch Hands in perfon by.
This new-caft cannon's firmneft to explore ;

The ftrength of big-torn'd powder loves to try.
And U ill and cartridge forts for every bore. Dryi.

It will beft appear in the bores of wind inllru*

raents ; therefore caul'e pipes to be made with %.

fingle, double, and fo on, to a fextuplc bore ; an4

mark what tone every one givctb. BsiVU

Bore. The preltrite of bear.

The father bore it with undaunted foul^
Like one who duril his deiliny controul \
Yet with becoming grief he bore his part,
Refign'd his fon, but not rcfign'd his heart, Drjii,

'Twas my fate
To kill my father, and pollute his bed
By marrying her who bort me. Drydtn,

Bo'real. adj. [bcrealis, La.t.J Northern;
feptentrional.

Crete's ample fields diminifh to our eye ;
Before the boreal blafts the vcffcls fly. Ptft,

nO'REJS. n.f. [Lat.] The north wind.

S^reusy and Ca!cas, and Argeftas loud.
And Thrafcias, rend the woods, and fc.is upturn.

Af./lMk.

Bo'ree. «./ A kind of dance.

Uick could neatly dance a jig, "
Bi4t Tom was beft at bcnet. Swift,

Bo'rer. n.f, [from bore.] A piercer;
an inllrument to make holes with.

The maftct-bricklayer mud try all the founds-
tioi\s with a borer, fuch as well-diggers ufe to try
the ground. Mc>:iiH

Born*. The participle paffive of bear.

Their cliargowas always horn by the queen, and
duly paid out of the exchequer. Bacon.

The great men were enabled to opprcfs their
inferiouis ; -and their followers were horn out and
countenanced in wicked anions. Dmia.

Upon fame occafions, Clodius may be l>oId and
infolcnt, born away by his pajlion. Swijr,

To be Born. -v. ». paj'. [derived from,
the word To bear, in the fenfe of bringing
forth : as, zny mother bort me twenty

B O R

years ago 5 or, I was iorit twenty years

ago-]
I. To come into life.

■When »c arc hrv, we cry, that we arc come
To this grf ;it ftage of fools. Shatrffearr.

The new hm babe by nurfei overlaid. Urydai,

Nor nature's law with fruitlcfs forrow mourn,
• Sot die, O mortal man ! for thou waft barn. Prkr.

All tliat are tern into the world are furrounded
with ioJiti, that perpetually and divetlly affcit
thom. Ls. *!•.

3. It is ufually fpoken with regard to cir-
cumftances : as, he was iom a prince ;
he was 6orn to empire : he was ioni for
greatnefs : that is, formed at the birth.

The Ilranger, that dwellech with you, fliall be
unto you as me item among you, and thou Oialt
io\'e him as thyfcir. Leviticus, xix. %i..

Yet man is htrm unto trouble, as the fparlcs fl)
upward. y°t>.

A friend lovech at all times, and a brother is
Itrn for aHcrfiry. Provirbi.

Either of you knights may we!! defcrve
A princefs horn ; and fuch is Ihe you fei ve. Drjd.

Two tifing creils his royal head adorn;
JBorn from a god, himfelf to godhead born* Dryiitn^

Both muft alike from heaven derive their light;
Thefc bcin to judge, as well as thul'c to write. Fife,

For all mankind alike ret^uire their grace;
All kern to want; a miferable race ! Popi.

1 was barn to a good cftatc, although it now
tutneth to little account. Swift.

Their lands are let to lords, who, never deGgned
to be tenants, naturally murmur at the payment of
leuts, as a fubfervicncy they were not birn to.

Swift.

3. It has ufually the particle e/ before the
mother.

Be bloody, bold, and refolute ; laugh to fcorn
The pow'r of man ; for none c/" woman bom
Shall harm Macbeth. Shaluffeare.

] being born of ray father's firft wife,, and Ihe
9f his third, Ihe converfcs with me rather like a
daughter than a fifter. Tatkr.

Bo'rough. n.f. [bophoc, Saxon.]

1. It fignified anciently a furety, or a
man bound for others.

A borough, as I here ufe it, and as the old laws
ftill ufe, is nnt iborougb town, that is, a franchifed
town ; but a main pledge of an hundred free pcr-
fons, therefore called a free borough, or, as you fay,
yraneplcgium. For hortb,'^n old Saxon, fignificth a
pledge or furety : and yet it is fo ufcd with us in
ibme fpeechcs, as Chancer faith, St. 'John to Boroh ;
that is, for alTurancc and warranty. Sfenfer,

S. A town with a corporation.

And if a borough chufe him not undone. Pofe.

Bo'rough Englifh, is a cuftomary defcent
of lands or tenements, whereby, in all
plac«s where this cuftom holds, lands
and tenements defcend to the youngell
fon ; or, if the owner have no iflue, to
his youngeft brother. Ctnvull.

Bo'rrel. ». / [it is explained by Juniui
without etymology.] A mean fellow.

Siker thou fpeak'ft like a lewd forrcl,

Of heaven to dcemen fo :
Howbe I am but rude and borrel.

Yet nearer ways I know. Sfenfr.

■re BO'RROW. -J. a. [iorgen, Dutch;

bopjian. Sax.]
J, To take fomething from another upon
credit : oppofed to lend.

He bomteed a box of the ear of the Englilhman,
and fwore he would pay him again when he was
able. Shakefftart.

We have hormiitd money for' the king's tribute,
and that upon our lands and vineyards, Nehemiah.

2. To afk of another the ufe of fomethiug
for a time.

BOS

Then he faid, go, borrctu thee ttffels »br«i<i
of all thy neighbours. » Kingi-

'Where darknefs and furptiie made concjucrt
cheap !
'Where virtue iornviej the arms of chance.
And ftnick a random blow ! _ Dryder.

3. To take fomething belonging to ano-
ther.

A borrciu'd title haft tliou boujiit too dear ;
Why didft thou tell me that thou wert a king ?

Shakejfeare-

They may borrvw fomething of Inftruflion even
from their part guilt. Decay of Phty.

I was engaged in the tranflation of Virgil, from
whom I have borrotviJ only two months. Drydcn.

Thcle verbal figns they fometimes borrmu from
Others, and fometimes make theoifelvcs ; as one
may obferve among the new names children give
to things. Locke.

Some perfons of bright parts have narrow re-
membrance ; for, having riches of their own, they
are not felicitous to borroia. Itatts,

4. To ufe as one's own, though not be-
longing to one.

Unkind and cruel, to deceive your fon
Inioirsiii'i/fliapcs, and his embrace to (hun. Dryd.

Bo'rrow. n. f. [from the verb.] The
thing borrowed.

Yec of your royal prcfence I'll adventure
The borrow of a week. Shakeffiare.

Bo'r ROWER, n.f. [from iormtv.]

1 . He that borrows ; he that takes money
upon truft : oppofed to lender.

His talk is of nothing but of his poverty, for fear
belike left 1 (hould have proved a young borrciver.

Sidney.
Neither a Icrrower nor a lender be ;
For loan oft lofes both itfelf and friend,
And borrowing dulls the edge of huibandry. Sbek.

Go not my horfe the better,
I muft become a borrower of the night
For a dark hour or twain. Shaieffeare.

But you invert the cov'nants of her truft.
And hardily deal, like an ill borrower.
With that which you receiv'd on other terms.

Milton.

2. He that takes what is another's, and
ufes it as his own.

Some fay, that I am a great borrower!, how-
ever, none of my creditors have challenged me
for it. Pf»-

Bo'scAGE. n.f. [iofcage, Fr.]

1. Wood, or woodlands.

We bent our courfe thither, where we faw the
appearance of land ; and, the next day, we might
plainly difcern that it was a land flat to our fight,
and full of bo/cage, which made it fliew the more
dark. Bacon.

2. The reprefentation of woods.

Cheerful paintings in feaftiiig and banqueting
rooms; graver ftories in galleiics ; landfkips and
bofctge, and fuch wild works, in open terraces, or
funimcr houfes. Wottcn.

Bo'sKY. adj. [bofque, Fr.] Woody.

And with each end of iliy blue bowdoft crown
My bcfiy acies, and my un/hrubb'd down. Sbak.

i know each land, and every alley green.
Dingle, or bufliy dell, of this wild wood.
And every bofly bourn from fide to fide. Milton.

BO'SOM. n.f. [bo)-me, bofom. Sax.]

1. The embrace of the arms holding any
thing to the breaft.

2. The breaft ; the heart.

Our good old friend,
Lay comforts to your lofin ; and bcftow
Your needful counfcls to our bufmcires. Sbolrfp.

3. The folds of the drefs that cover the
breaft.

Put now thy hand into thy bojtm ; and he put his
hand into his tojom: and when he took it out, be-
hold lu< hwd was icptous as fnow. Mxtdus, iv, 6.

BOS

4. Inclofure j compafs { embrace.

Unto laws thus received by a whole churcti,
they which live within the byom of that church,
muft not think it a matter indilfeient, either to
yield, or not to yield, obedience. Hooker.

5. The breaft, as the feat of the paiHonf.

Anger rcfteth in the bofoiis of fools. Ecc/ef,

Fiom jealoufy's tormenting ftrife
For ever be thy bofm freed. Prior.

Unfortunate Taliard ! O, who c.in nime
The pangs of rage, of forrow, and of ihame,
That with mix'd tumult in thy bfom fwell'd.
When firft thou faw'ft thy braveft troops lepell'd !
\ Ajdifiin.

Here ading bofcms wear a vifage gay.
And ftlfled groans frequent the ball anJ play. Toung,

6. The breaft, as the feat of tendernols.

Their foul was poured out into their mother's
hofom. Lamentations.

No further feek his virtues to dlfclofe.
Or draw his frailties from their dread abode ;
There they alike in trembling hope repofc.
The bo/cm of bis father and his God. Grjy,

7. The breaft, as the receptacle of fecrets.

If I covered my tranfgreffion as Adam, by hid-
ing my iniquity in my bofim, y^,/,,

8. Any receptacle clofc or fecret ; as, the
iofomofxhe earth ; the iofom of the deep.

9. The tender affeftions ; kindnefs ; fa-
vour.

Whofe age has charms in it, whofe title more.
To pluck the common bofoms on his fide. Sbak.

To whom tlie great Creator thus reply 'd :
O Son, in whom my foul hath chief delight.
Son of my bofom. Son who art alone
My word, my wifdom, and effeflual might !

Paradije Lofl,

10. Inclination ; defire. Not ufed.

If you can pace your wildom
In that good path that 1 could wilh it go.
You (hall have your bof-.m on this wretch. Sbak.

Bosom, in compofition, implies intimacy ;
confidence; fondnefs.

No more that Thane of Cawdor ih.ill deceive
Out ifom- interefl ; go, pron )unce his death. Sbai.

This Antonio,
Being the bofosn^lcver of my lord,
Muft needs be like my lord. Sbakeffeare.

Thofc domeftick traitors, bcfim-tbiev.-s.
Whom cuftora hath cali'd wives ; the reidieft helps
To betray the heady huibands, rjb the eafy.

Ben yonfon.

He fent for h\% hofom -friends, with whom he moft
confidently confulted, and (hewed the paper to
them ; the contents whereof he could not conceive.

Clarendon.

The fourth privilege of friendlhlp.is that which
is here fpccified in t-e text, a communication of
fecrets. A hojom-fecret, and a bofom-friend, arc
ufually put together. South.

She, who was 3 hofom-friend of her royi\ miftrefs,
he calls an infolent woman, the worft of her fex.

j4ddifott.

To Bo'soM. v. a. [from the noun.]

1. To inclofe in the bofom.

Bofm up my counfel;
You'll find It wholcf>me. JSbakefpcart.

1 do not think my fifter fo to feek,
Or fo unprincipled in virtue's book.
And the fwcet peace that bofjms guodoefs ever.

Milton.

2. To conceal in privacy.

The groves, the fcu'tiins, and the flnw'rs.
That opcB now their choiceft boftm^ fmclls,
Relerv'd for night, and kept for thee in ftore,

Paradfi Lofl.
Tow'crs and battlements it ft.es,
Bofotnd high in tufted trees,
Where perhaps fome beauty lies.
The cynofurc of neighbouring eyes. Mitten.
To happy convents, hofom'd deep in vines,
Where (lumber abbots, purple as theirwincs. Pope.

Boson . n.f. [corrupted from boatftMain-.']

Th«

BOX

The barks upon the billosvs rldCf
_, The tnifttr will not ftay ;

The merry bofm from his fide
His whirtle takes, to check and chide
The ling'ring lad's delay. Dryden.

Boss. K./. [bcffe, Fr.]
1. A ftud; an orn -nent raifed above the
reft of the work ; a fliining prominence.

What fignifies beauty, ftrength, youth, fortune,
embroidered furniture, or gaudy icjii ? VEjlrange.

This ivory, intended for the UJftt of a bridlt,
was laid up for a prince, and a woman of Caria or
Maeoaia dyed it, Vcft.

1. The part fifing in themidftof any thing.

He runnetli upun him, even on his neck, upon
the thick UJjh of his bucklers. Jii, xv. s6.

J. A thick body of any kind.

A hcji made of wood, with an iron hook, to hang
on the laths, or on a ladder, in which the liboun r
puts the mortar at the britches of the tiles, hhxcn.

If a clofc appulfe be made by. the lips, then i>
framed M j if by the bofi of the tongue to the
palate, near the throat, then K. Holder,

Bo'ssAGE. «./. [in architefture.]
I. Any ftone that has a projefture, and is
laid in a place in a building to be after-
wards carved.
I. Ruftic wbrk, which confifts of ftones,
which feem to advance beyond the
naked of a building, by rcafon of in-
dentures or channels left in the join-
ings : thefe are chiefly in the corners of
edifices^ and called ruftick quoins.

Builder's Dia.
Bo'svEL. n.f. A fpeciej of crinufoot .
Bota'mcal.7 adj. [from ^nrin, an
Bota'nick. 3 herb.] Relating to herbs;
fltilled in herbs.

Some botar.kal criticks tell us, the poets have
not rightly followed the traditions of antiquity,
in metamorphofing the fillers of Phaeton into
poplars. Aldifcn.

Bo'tanist. 71. f. [from botany."] One
ikilled in plants ; one who (ludies the
various fpecies of plants.

The uliginous ladlenus matter, taken notice of
by that diligent hitanifi, was only a colledlion ot
corals. IVowixuard.

Then fpring the living herbs, beyond the power
Of icIMift to number up their tribes. Thomfoti.
BoTANO'l.OOY. n. f. [^orafoXoyia.] A
difcourfe upon plants. Diil.

BO'TANY. n.f. [from Borin, an herb.]
The fcience of plants; that part of na-
tural hillory which relates to vegeta-
bles.
BOTA'RGO. n. f. \botarga. Span.] A
relifhing fort of food, made of the rocs
of the mullet fiih ; much ufed on the
coafts of the Mediterranean, as an in-
centive to drink. Chambers.
BOTCH. «. f. [boxza, pronoanced botza,
Ital.]

1 . A fwelling or eruptive difcoloration of
the ikin.

Time, which rots all, and makes hticlci \ox,
And, plodding on, mult make a calf an ox.
Hath made a lawyer. Donne.

JScicbti and bUins oiuft all hit flelh Imbofs,
And all hit people. Milton.

It provet far more incommodious, which, if it
iffvre propelled in boils, botchit^ or ulcers, as in the
fcurvy, would rather conduce to health, llamey.

2. A part in any work ill finifhed, fo as to
appear worfe than the reft.

With him,
To Itive no rubs or hotchei in the work,
Fluaic, hit Ton, mull cmbrice tbc fate. Sheitjp.

B O T

J. An adfcititious, adventitious part,
clumfily added.

If both thofe words are not notorious botches,
I am deceived, though the French tranllator thinks
otherwife. . D:yden-

A comm:j ne'er could claim
A place in any BritJIh name ;
Yet, making here a perfeft botch,
Thrufts your poor vowel from his notch. Swift.

To Botch, v. a. [from the noun.]

1. To mend or patch clothes clumfily.

Their coats, from botching newly brought, are
torn. Dtyden,

2. To mend any thing awkwardly.

To botch up what th' had torn and rent.
Religion and the government. Hudilras.

3. To put together unfuitably, or unfkil-
fully ; to make up of unfuitable pieces.

Go with me to my houfe.
And hear thou there, how many ftuitlefs pranks
This ruffian hath butcb'd up, that thou thereby
May fmile at this. Shaieffeaie.

Her fpecch is nothing.
Yet the un.liaped ule of it doth move
The hearers to coUcftion ; they aim at it.
And botch the words up fit to their own thoughts.

Shakejftearc.
For trcafon botcb'd in rhime will be thy banej
Rhime is the ruck on which thou art to wreck.

Dryden.

4. To mark with botches.

Young Hylas, boici'd witli ftains too foul to
name.
In cradle here renews his youthful frame. Garth.

Bo'tcher. «. /. [from boicb.'] A men-
der of old clothes ; the fame to a taylor
asit* cobler to a fhoemaker.

He was a botcher's prentice in Paris, from
whence he was whipt for getting the Iheriff 's fool
with child. Sbakejfeare.

Botchers left old cloaths in the lurch,
Afid fell to turn and patch the church. Itudrbras.

Bo'tchy. adj. [fiom boicJ!).] Marked with
botches.

And thofe biles did run— fay fo— 'Did not the
general run ? Were not that a botchy fore ? Shake/.

Bote. n. /. [bote. Sax. a word now out
of ufc.]

1. A compenfation or amends for a man
flain, which is bound to another. Ctnuell.

2. It was ufed for any payment.

Both. adj. [batu, batpa, Sax.] The
two ; as well the one as the other. Ei
run isf Vaiitre, Fr. It is ufed only of
two. Corjctll.

And the next day, hoth tnoming and afternoon,
he was kept by our paiiy. Siancy.

Mrifcs and the prophets, Chrift and hli apoHlcs,
wi-.rc in their times jII preacht-rs of God's truth j
fomc by ward, fomc by writing,', fome by both.

Hxitr.
Which of them IhallT take ?
Both ? on-- ? or neither .' neither can br enjoy'd.
If ia'i remain alive. Shahffeare.

Two lovers cannot IHare a finglc bed ,
As therefore bah arc equal in d.:grec,
The lot of both he left tu dcrtiny. Drjdtn.

A Venus and a Helen have been feen
Both pcrjur'd wives, the g'>ddcfs and the queen.

C?riT-a'i// .

Both . tonj. [from the adjeftive.] h& vvell :
it has the conjun&ion and to correfpond
with it.

A ^r-at multitude both of the Jews and alfo of

the Creeks bi;iicved. ARi.

Pow'r to judge AcT^j quick and dead. Milton,

Both the b:>y was worthy fi be prais'd.

And Stimichon has often made me long

1 o hear, like him, fo fweet a fong. Dryden.

Bo'tryoid. etdj. [^oVsiiJus] Having
the forai of a bunch of grapei.

B O f

The outfide is thick fet with botryoii efflore<l
cences, or fmall knobs, yellow, bluilh, and purple;
all of a Ihining metallick hue^ IVoodivttrd,

BoTS. n.f. [nuithout ajingular.l A fpecies
of fmall worms in the entrails ofhorfes ;
anfwering, perhaps, to the a/carides in
human bodies.

Peal'e and beans are as dank here as a dog, and
that is the next way to give poor jades the ^ofi.

Sbakefpecire»
BO'TTLE. n.f. {bouteiUe, Fr.]

1 . A fmall veffel of glafs, or other matter,
with a narrow mouth, to put liquor in.

The fliepherd's homely curds.
His cold thin drink out of his leather bottit,
Is far beyond a prince's delicates. Sbakcjf>eart„

Many have a manner, after other men's fpeech,
to fliake their heads. A great officer would fay,
it was as men Ihake a ioti/e, to fee if there wa»
any wit in their heads, or no. Baconm

Then if thy ale in glafs thou wouldft confine.
Let thy clean bottle be entirely dry. King,

He threw into the enemy's (hips earthen boltlei

filled witii ferpents, which put the crew in diforder,

Arhuthnot 01 Coins»

2. A quantity of wine ufually put into a
bottle ; a quart.

Sir, you Ihall llay, and take t'other bottle.

Spe&ator.

3. A quantity of hay or grafs bundled up.

Methinks I have a great defire to a bottU of
hay ; good hay, fweet hay, hath no fellow, Sbak*

But I iliould wither in one day, and pafs
To a lock of hay, that am a bottle of grafs. Donne*

To Bo'ttle. 1/. a. [from the noun.] Ta
inclofe in bottles.

You may have it a raoll excellent cyder royal,
to drink or to bottle. Mortimer*

When wine is to be bottled off, walh your bottlea
immediately before you begin ; but be furc not t*
drain them. Sivijim

Bo'ttle is often compounded with other
words ; as, bottle-friend, a drinking-
friend; bottle-companion.

Sam, who is a very good boltle-ctimfanion, hat
been the diverfion of his friends, Addijon,

Bo'ttle-plower, n.f. [cyanus, Lat,J

A plant,
Bo'ttlescrevv, n.f, [from bottle and

fcretsj.] A fcrew to pull out the cork,

A good butler always breaks off tiie point of
his bottlcftre^v in two days, by trying which tu
h.irdell, the point of the (crew, or the neck of tl c
bottle, S-wiJl.

BO'TTOM. H.f. [bocm, Saxon j beJem,

Germ.]
I. The lowed part of any thing. ,

z. The ground under the water.

Shallow brooks lliat flow'd (o clear.
The bottom did the top appear. Dryjem*

3. The foundation ; the ground-work.

On ttiis fuppolition my reafonings proceed, .in4
cannot be affefted by- objections which arc far
from being built on the fame bottom. Aiterbuij,

4. A dale ; a valley ; a low ground.

Jn the purlieus Hands a liioep-cote,
Welt of this place; down in the Deighbour^nrrim.

Shakejpearf, •
On both the ffiC/res of that fruitful botun, are.
Hill to be fecn the ioarks of ancient edifices.

Addijon on itely.
Equal convexity could never be feen : the inha-
bitants of fuc^ an earth co<ild have only the prof-
pcct c'f a little circular plain, which would appear
to have an acclivity on all fides ; fo that every
man woufd fancy himlelf the lowrft, and that he
always dwelt and moved In a bott^tn, Battlrf,

5. The part moft remote from the view j
the decpcft part.

His piopoUlt and arguments flinnld with ft« '

dam be citaittijied to the ^tttton, that, M there , *

£c * a s

B O T

My miftake Sa xhtai, no body mtj b* mS/M by
bis reputation. iMki^

%. Bound i limit.

But there '• no littUH, none,
In my Toluptuaufncfs. Sbaktffurt,

7, The uttnod extent or profundity of any
man's capacity, whether deep ox flial-
low.

I will fetch ofTchefejuftices t I do fee the ktttimf
of Juftice Shallow : how fubjed we old mea are
to King* SbakeffKare*

i. The laft refort ; the remotcft caufe ;
&T&. motion.

He wrote many things which are not publiAicd
in hi« name ; and was^^t the hatiam of many tx-
«ellentcounfcU, in which he divl nor appear. Addij'

9. h (hip ; a veflel for navigation.

A bawbling veHel was he captain of,
^itb which I'uch fcacchlul grapple did he make
With the raoft nuble hitlt'jm of our fleet. Shakejf.

My ventures are not in one hmtem tnilted ;
Nor to one place. Siakef/xare,

We have memory not of ore ihip that ever
returned, and but of thirteen perfons only, ac fe- '
vcral times, that chofe to return in our bottimu

Sjccn.
He 's a foolilh fcaman.
That, when his Jhip is finking, will not
Unlade his hopes into another bottom, Denbam*

He puts to fea upon his own bottom ; holds the
ivm himlielf ; and now, if ever, we may expect
new difcovcrics. Narris*

He fprcadj his canvas, with his pole he fleers,
The freights of Hitting ghofls in his thin bottom
bears. Drydert,

le. A chance ; an adventure ; fiate of
hazard.

He began to fay, that himfelf and the prince
were too much to venture in one bottom. Clarendon,

We are embarked with them on the fame bot-
tom, and muft be partakers of their happinefs or
mifery. SpcClator,

1 1 . A ball of thread wound up together.

This whole argument will be like bottoms of
thread, clofe wound up. Bacon.

Silkworms finilh their hottmtt in about fifteen
days. Mortimer,

£ach Chriftmas they accounts did clear.
And wound their bottom round the year. Prior,

12. Bottom efa lane. The loweft end.

13. Bottom of beer. The grounds, or
dregs.

Vo Bo'ttom. V, a. [from the noun.]
1. To build upon ; to fix upon as a fup-
port : with on.

They may have fomething of obfcurity, as be-
ing bottcmid upiti, and fetched from, the true na-
ture of the thingt. Hale.
Pride has a very ftrong foundation in the mind ;
St is bottomed ufon felf-lovc. Collier.
The grounds upon which we bottom our reafun-
Ing, ire but a p.irt ; fomething is left out, which
ibould go into the reckoning. Lcckr.
Action is fuppofed to be bottomed upon principle.

j^tterbury.

%. To wind upon fomething ; to twill
thread round fomething.

Theiefore, as you unwind your love for him,
Left it ihouid ravel, and be good to none,
You muft provide to bottom It on me. Shakefpeare,

90 Bo'ttom. v, it. To reft upon, as its
ultimate fupport.

Find out u[:on what foundation any propofitlon
advanced, bottoms ; and obferve the intermediate
ideas, by wliidi it is joined to chat foundation
upon which it is ereQed. Locke,

Bo'ttom ED. aJj, [from iottom,] Having
a bottom : it is ufually compounded.

There being prepared a number of ^at-bcttomed
Voats, to tranfport the land-forces, Mutcr t^e wing
and fioccAioa o( (iK £tcat savjf. Mihui.

B O U

Bo'ttom LEia. etJJ, [from Soitom,] With-
out a bottom ; fathomlefs.

Wicked ni:l« may well be compared to a botlomlifs
pit, into which it is eaficr to keep one's fclf from
falling, than, being fallen, to give one's felf any
(lay from falling infinitely. Sidney-

Is not my formw deep, hiving no bottom .'
Then be my paflians boiiomlefi with them. Shak,

Him the Almighty Pow'r
Hurl'd headlong flaming from th' ethereal fky
To boittmle/i perdition. Milton,

Bo'ttom Rv. n, f, [In navigation and
commerce.] The adl of borrowing
money on a (hip's bottom ; that is, by
engaging the veflel for the repayment
of it, fo as that, if the ihip mii'carry,
the lender lofes the money advanced ;
but, if it arrives fafe at the end of the
voyage, he is to repay the money lent,
with a certain premium or interelt a-
greed on ; and this on pain of forfeiting
the ihip. Harris,

BO'UCHET. n. f. [French.] A fort of
pear.

Boub. n. f. An infeft which breeds in
malt ; called alfo a ivervil, Diil.

To BoucE.T'. ». \_bouge, Fr.] Tofwellout.

Bough. »./. [boj, Sax. the^;^ is mute.]
An arm or large (hoot of a tree, bigger
than a branch, yet not always dilUn-
guiihed from it.

A vine-labourer, finding a bough broken, took
a branch of the lame bough, and tied it about the
place broken. Sidney.

Their lord and patron loud did him proclaim.
And at his feet their laurel bought did throw.

Fairy Slueen,
From the bough
She gave him of that fair enticing fruit. Mili^n.

As the dove's flight did guide i^neas, now
May thine conduft me to the golden bough, Denh,

Under fome fav'rite myrtle's ihady boughs.
They fpeak their paffions in repeated vows.

Rofcommon,

See how, on every bough, the birds exprefs.
In their fweet notes, their happinefs. Dryden,

'Twas all her joy the ripening fruits t» tend.
And fee the boughs with happy burdens bend. Pope,

Bought, pijter. and fart id fit of To buy ;
which fee.

The chief were thefe who not for empire fought.
But with their blood their country's fafety bought.

Pope,

Bought. »./ [from To ^aw.]

1 . A twift ; a link ; a knot.

His huge long tail wound up iij hundred folds,
Whofe wreathed boughts whenever he unfolds.
And thick entangled knots adowa does Hack.

Fairy li^ueen.
Immortal verfe.
Such as the melting foul may pierce,
In notes, with many a winding bought
Of linked fwe!tnefs, long drawn out. Milton.

2. A flexure.

The flexure of the joints is not the fame in ele-
phants as in other quadrupeds, but nearer unto
thofe of a man ; the bought of the fore-legs not di-
rectly backward, but laterally, and fomewhat in-
ward. Brovin^s l^ulgar Errours.

BOU'ILLON. n. f. [French.] Broth;
foup ; any thing made to be fupped : a
term ufed in cookery.

Bo'uLDER Walls. [In architcfture.] Walls
built of round flints or pebbles, laid in
a flrong mortar ; ufed where the iea
has a beach caft up, or where there are
plenty of flints. Builder's DiSiionary.

Tff BouLT. v. 0. See TV Bolt.

B O U

Tt BOUNCE. V. n. [a word (bnned, fayii
Skinner, from the found.]

1. To fall or fly againlt any thing witk
great force, fo as to rebound.

The fright awakcn'd Arcite with a flarr,
Af ainft his bofom bcunc'd his heaving heart. Dryd,

2. To fpring } to make a (iidden leap, a!
fudden exploiion.

High uanfenfe is like beer in a bottle, which

has, in reality, no ftrength and Ipirit, but fiets,

and flies, and bounces, and imitates tlic pajlions pt'

a much nobler liquor. ^jAdiftn,

They bounce from their nefl, , ^

No longer will tarry. S-wifti

Out bovnc'd tlie maftiff of the triple head ;

Away the hare with double fwiftncfi fled. S'iuift.

3 . To make a fadden noife.

Juft as 1 was putting out my light, another
bouncis a; hard as he can knock. Sivift.

4. To boaft ; to bully ; a fenfe only uled
in familiar fpeech.

5. To be bold, or ftrong.

Forlboth the bouncing Amazon,
Your bufkin'd miflrefs, and your warriour love,
To Thefcus muil be wedded. Shakefpeare.

Bounce, n.f. [from the verb.]

1 . A ftrong fadden blow.

The bounce burft ope the door ; the fcom'iil fair
RelentieH look'd. Drydim

2. A fudden crack or noife.

What cannoneer begot this lufly blood ?
He fpeaks plain canno'n tire, and fmoke, an4
bounce ;
. He gives the balllnado with his tongue. Shakejf,
Two hazel-nuts I threw into the flame,
And to each nut I gave a fwcetheart's name;
This with the loudeft bounce me lore amaz'd.
That in a flame of brightefl colour blaz'd. Gay,

3. A boaft; a threat: in low language.
Bo'uNCER. n.f. [from bounce.] A boafter;

a bully ; an empty threatener : in col-
loquial fpeech.
BOUND, n. /. [from bin^.]

1. A limit; a boundary; that by which
any thing is terminated.

Illimitable ocean ! without bound.
Without dimenfion j where length, breadth, aod

height.
And time, and place, are loft. Milton.

Thofe vaft Scythian regions ivere feparated by
the natural bounds of rivers, lakes, mountains,
woods, or matlhes. Temple, '

Indus and Ganges, our wide empire's bounds.
Swell their dy'd currents with their natives
wounds. Drydea,

Through all th' infernal bounds.
Which flaming Phlegethon furrounds,
Sad Orpheus fought his confort loft. Pope.

2. A limit by which any excuriion is re-
ftrained.

Hath he fet bounds between their love and me ?
I am their mother, who fhali bar me from them i

Shakefpeare,

Stronger and fiercer by reftraint he roars.

And knows no hound, but makes his pow'r hii

fhores. Derham,

Any bounds made with body, even adamantine ,

walls, are far from putting a flop to the mind, in

its progrefs in fpacc. Locke,

3. [from To bound, v. ».] A leap j S"
jump ; a fpring.

Uo but note a wild and wanton herd,
Or race of youthful and unhandled colts.
Fetching mad bounds, bellowing, and neighing
loud. Shakefpeam.

The horfcs fVarted with a fudden bound.
And flung the rc'ws and chariot to the ground.

,1ddifoii,
Dext'ioui he 'fcapcs the coach with nimble
bounds,
WhiUl cv'ry hoaeft tsogue Stop thief rewound:.

:t

B 0 U

A. A rebound ; the leap of fomething fly-
ing back by the force of the blow.

'i hcle inward difgulls are but the firrt iouitd of
this ball of contention. Daay of Piety.

To Bound, v. a. [from the noun.]
J . To limit ; to term-nate.

A lofty tow'r, and iVrong on every fiuE
With treble walls, which Phlegethon furrounds,
Whofe fiery flood the burning empire beunds, Dryd.

2. To reftrain ; to confine.

Tak- b..t degree away.
The bcundtd waters

Would lift their lir.foms higher than the (hores.
And mai^c a fcp of all this folid globe. Shakrjp.

J. Sometiraes with in.

My niither's bhud •
Runs on the d;xter ch«ek, and this finifter
' Biurds in mv fire's. Sbaktjftort.

To BOUND. T. «. [hondir, Fr.]

1. To jump ; to fpring ; to move forward
by leaps.

TorrifmoR^ appear'd.
Gave me his band, and led me lightly o'er,
Leaping and bmnJiit^cn the billow^ heads. Dryd.

Before his lord the ready fpaniel hands ;
SiiiUng with hope, he tries the furrow'd grounds.

Pope.

When fudden through the woods a ioundiKg ftaj

Hulh'd headlong duwn, and plung'd amidlt the

river. Rowe.

Warbling to the rary'd ftrain, advance

Two Iprightly youths, to form the hounding dance.

Popt.

2. To rebound; to fly back by reper-

cuffion.

Mark. th;n a bounding valour in our Englifh,
That beiie dead, like to the bullets grazing.
Breaks out into a fccond courfe of mifchief. Sbak.

7» BotJND. "v. a. To make to bound.

If I might bufl^et for my love, or bound my borfe
for her favours, 1 would lay on like a butcher, and
fit like a jackanapes, never off. Sbaiefpeore.

If love, ambitious, fought a match of birth,
Whofe veins icaix/ richer blood than lady Blanch ?

Sbjke/peart.

Soi;nd. preuritt and participle paj/iijt oi
bind.

Nay, faid Pamela, none /hall take that office
from myfelf, being fo much bound ti 1 am for my
education. Sidney.

This is Antonio,
To whom I am fo infinitely bound—
—You Ihould ill all fenfc be much b-Mnd to him ;
For, as 1 hfar, he was much bound for you. Sbak.

The gentleman is Icarn'd, a moft rare fp'aker.
To nature none more bound, Slakrfpeare.

The biilops of Hungary, being wonderfully
rich, were bound to keep great numbers of horfc-
luen, which they ufed to bring into the field.

Knoltes,

They fummoncd the governor to deliver it to
them, or elfe they would not leave one ftone upon
another* To which the governor made no other
reply, than that he was not hound to repair it ; but,
however, he would, by God's help, keep the
ground afterwards. Clarendon.

Bound, adj. [a word of doubtful etymo-
logy.] Deftined; intending to come
to any place.

His be that care, whom moft it doth concern,
Said he j but whither with fuch hafty flight
Art thou now bounds for well might I difcern
Great cagfe, that carries tbce (o fwift and light.

Fairy iiueen.
To be bound for a port one defires extremely,
and fail to it with a fair gale, ii very picafant.

TimpU.

Willing wc fought your (hores, and hither hcund,

The port fo long defir'd at lenj^h we found. Drjd.

Bo'uvDARY. n./, [from 6»und.] Limit;

- bound.

He btStn the coaS'iCBee and dajnoun of the

SOU

peoplt to pafs all ioundariet of lai»i| «ilil K»creBee '

to his authority. King Charles.

Senfation and refleftion are the boundaries of
our thoughts; beyond which the mi.nd, whatever
ciforts it would make, is not able to advance. Locke,
Great part of our fins confift in the irregula-
rities attending the ordinary purfuits of life ; fo
that our reformation mu'i appear, by pirrlnlng
them within the boundaries of duty. R'.gers.

Bo'u N D E N . participle pajji-ve of bind. Not
now much in ul'e.

Hereafter, in a better world than this,
I ihall defire more love and knowledge of you,—
• — I reil much bounden to you : fare you well.

Sbakefpeare.

We alfo moft humbly bcfought him to accept
cf us as his true fer^■ant3, by as juft a right as ever
men on earth were iounden. Bacon.

To be careful for a provifion of all necelVaries
for ourfelves, and thofe who depend on us, is a
bounden duty. Rogers.

Bo'uNDiNC-STONE. 7 ?». /. A ftone to
Bound-stone. J play with.

I am pall a boy j
A fceptre's but a play-thing, and a globe
A bigger biunding-Jione. Dryden,

Bo'uNDLESS. «^'. [Jtoia bound. 1 Unli-
mited ; unconfined ; immeafurable ; il-
limitable.

Beyond the infinite and boundlefs reach
Of mercy, if thou didft this deed of death,
Art thou damn'd, Hubert. Sbakefpeare.

Hcav'n has of right all victory defign'd ;
Whence boundlefs power dwells in a will confin'd.

Dryden.

Man feemi as bmindlefs in his defires, as Cod
is in his being ; and therefore nothing but God
himfelf can fatisfy him. South.

Though we make duration ioundlefs as it is, we
cannot extend it beyond all being. God fills eter-
nity, and it is hard to find a icafon why any one
Ihould doubt thv he fills immenfity. Locke.

Some guide the courfe of wand'ring orbs on
high.
Or roll the planets through the boundkfs (ky. Pope.

Bo'uNDLESSNEss. n.f. Iftom boundle/j.]
Exemption from limits.

God lias corrc^ed the boundJeffnefs of his volup-
tuous defires, by ftinting his capacities. South.

Bo'uKTEOus. adj. [from bounty.'] Li-
beral ; kind ; generous ; munincent ;
beneficent : a word ufed chiefly in poetry
for bouritijul.

Every one,
According to the gift which hountnus nature
Hath in him clos'd. Sbakefpeare.

Her foul abhorring avarice,
£oan1eimt\ bucalmoft ^0»flffi«i to avice. Dryden^

Bo'uNTEOUSLY. od-v. [from bounteous,']
Liberally ; generoufly ; largely.
He boutticpiijly bcrtow'd unenvy'd good
On roe. Dryden.

Eo'uNTEot/SNESS. »./. [from bounteous.^
Munificence ; liberality ; kindnefs.
He fiUeth all things living with htuteeufnefs.

Pfalms.

Bo'u N T I F u L. adj. [from bounty and/a//.]

1. Liberal; generous; munificent.

As bountiful as mines of India. Shakfpeare.

If you will fce rich, you muft live frugal j if you
will be popular, you muft be bountiful, Taylor.

I am obliged to return my thanlcs to many,
who, without confidcring the man, have been
bountiful to tlie poet. Dryden.

God, the bcuniifut author of our being. Lccke.

2, It has o/ before the thing given, and
to before the perfon receiving.

Our king fparcs nothing, to give them the (hare
of that feUcity, ofs^lucii kt it ig ieunliful t» his
kjX)i»l»«u DrjJtn.

B O U

Bo'uNTiptJtUY. adv, [from ioHntiful.y
Liberally ; in a botintiful manner i ,
largely.

And noTT tliy alms is given,
And thy poor ftarveliiig bounlifully fed. Donne,
It is afiirmej, that it never raineth in Egypt ^
the river bountifully requiting it iu its inundation.

Bro-zun^s P'ulgar Errotirs* ■

Bo'uNTiFULNESs. n. j'. [from bountiful.']
The quality of being bountiful ; gene-
rofity.

Enriched to ail bountifulnefs. 1 Corinthians-.

Bo'uNTiHEAD. T n. f. [from ^oHH/y and

Bo'tiNTlHEDE. > bead, or hood. Se»

Bo'uNTiHOOD. 3 Hood.] Goodnefs j

virtue. It is now wholly out of ufe.

This goodly ffame of temperance.
Formerly grounded, and fift fettled
On firm foundation of true bountihcad. Fairy S^Ur

How Ihall frail pen, with fear difparaged.
Conceive fuch fovereign glory, and great bounti-
hood f Fairy Siueen,

BO'UNTY, n.f. [*ot/?, Fr.]

1 . Generofity ; liberality; rrmnificence.

We do not fo far mai,":ify her exceeding bounty,
as to affirm, that (he bringcth into the world the-
fonsof men, adorned with gorgeous attire. Hooker^

If you knew to whom you fliew this honour,
1 know you would be prouder oi the work.
Than cuftomary bounty can enforce ynu. Stehff»

Such moderation v/ith thy bounty join.
That thou may'ft nothing give that is not thine,

Denbam,

Thofe godlike men, to wanting virtue kind.
Bounty well plac'd preferr'd, and well defign'd.
To all their titles. Dryden,

2. It feems diftinguifhed from charity, a»
a prefent from an alms ; being ufed when
perfons, not abfoluiely neceflitous, re-
ceive gifts ; or when gifts are given by
great perfons.

Tell a mifer of bounty to a friend, or meiay
to the poor, and he will not underftand it. South,
Her mnjefty did not fee this-aitcmbly fo propei^
to excite charity and compafTioii ; though I quef-
tion not but lier royal bounty will extend itfelf to
them. jiddifoni

foBo'uRGEON. "v, ». [bourgeonner, Fr.J
To fprout ; to Ihoot into branches ; to-
put forth buds.

L'ing may the dew of heaven diftil upon them,
to make tliem bourgeon and propagate among them-
f4ves. UiitieU

0 that I had the fruitful heads of Hydra,
That one might i^.:rgeon where another fell !
Still would 1 give thee work. Dryditu

BouRK. ti. f. [borne, Fr.J

1. A bound ; a limit.

Bourn, bound of land, tilth, vineyard, none.

Sbakefpeare,
That undifcovti'd country, from whofe bourn
No traveller returns. Shakefptare,

Falfe,
As dice .ire to be wilh'd by one that fixes
No bourn 'twixt his and mine. Sbakefpeare^

1 know each lane, and every alley green.

And every bolky bmrn from fide to fide. Milton^

2, [From bu)in, Saxon,] A brook; a tor-
rent : whence many towns, feated near
brooks, have names ending in bourn.
It is not now ufed in either fenfe ;..
though the fecond continues in the Scot-
tifh dialect.

Ne fwelling Neptune, ne liud thund'ring Jove^
Can change my cheer, or make me ever mourn ;
My little boat can fafcly pafs this perilous bourn,

Spetfrr,

To BOUSE. -J. n. [btiyfen, Dulsh,] To.
drink lavifbly ; to tope.

BOW

BOW

BOW

Ai he rode, he fomcwbii ftiU i\i tu.
And in hand did bcu t injif^ can,
. Of which he fipt. Fairy-^en.

Bou'sY. at^J. [from l">u/e.] Drnnken.

Wiih a long legend ot' lomancick things,
Which in his cupi the bsui'y poet fings. DryJtn,

The guefts Ujwn the day appointed came,
Each Inuly farmer with hi< limp'ringdame. King.
BoWT. ». /. [botta, Ital.] A turn ; as
much of an atlion as is performed at
one time, without interruption ; a fin-
gle part of any adion carried on by fuc-
ceflive intervals.

The play began^ Pai> durft not Cofma chace;
' lut did intend next hut with her to meet. Sidney,
Ladirs, that have your feet
Uoplagued wil}i Corns, we'll have a i-Mt, Sbaieff.

When in your motions you are hot,
As make your Uun more violent to that end,
He calls for drink. Shakejfeare,

If he chance to Tcape this difmalWr,
The former legatees ate blotted out. DiytUn.

A wcafel fcizcd a bat i the bat begged for life :

fiy? the wealcl, I give no quarter to birds: fays

the hat, I aai a moufe } look on my body : fo jhe

jot off for tJiat ioul. L'EJIrange.

We'll fee when 'tis enough,

Or if it want the nice concluding boitt, King,

SOVTEFEU. n, /, [French.] Aa in-
cendiary ; one who kindles feuds and
difcontonts. Now difufed.

Animated by a bafe fellow, called John a Cham-
ber, a very boutefeUi who bore much fway among
the vulgar, they cnterod into open rebellion. Bacon.
Nor tould ever any oriier be obtained impartially
to punidi the known houttfeus, and open Incendie-
riea. King Charln,

Befides the herd of ttmitfiBS,
We fet on work within the houfe. Huditrai,
Bo'uTiSALE. ti,/. [I fuppofe iiom bouty
or booty, a.nd /ale."] A fale at a cheap
rate, as booty or plunder is commonly
fold.

To fpeak nothing of the great bout'ifale of colleges
and chantries. Sir y, Haywani.

BOUTS RIMEZ. [French.] The laft
words or rhimes of a number of verfes
given to be filled up.

To BOW. -v. a. [bu3en, Saxon.]

1. To bend, or inAe£l. It founds as nrw,
or ho-iu.

A threepence bnv'd would hire me.
Old as I am, to queen it. Shaheffeare,

Orpheus, with his lute, made trees,
And the mountain topi that freeze,
Bvw themfelves when he diii fing. Sbakeffeare.

Some b<m> the vines, which bury'd in the plain,
Their tops in diftant arches rife again. DryJen.

The mind has not been made obedient to dtf-
cipline, when at firft it was moft tender and molt
eafy to be hoii>cd, Locke.

2. To bend the body in tokcnof refped or
fubmiflion.

They came to meet him, and bcnoeJ thcmfcUes
to the ground before him. 2 Kings.

Is it to bsw down his head as a bulrulh, and to
fpread fackcloth and afltes under him ? wilt tliou
(all this a faft, and an acceptable day to the Lord ?

Ij'aiab,

3. To bend, ori.ndine, in condefcenfion.

Let it not grieve thee to bviu down thine ear to
the p'totf and give him a friendly anfwer. Ktclus,

4. To deprefs ; to crufli.

Are y»u fo gofpell'd,
To pray for this good man, and for his iffue,
Whofe heavy hand hath bvw^d you to the grave,
And bcggar'd yours for ever ? Sbakefpearc.

Now wafting years my former ftrength confound,
And added woes may bcw me to the groiuid. Pufe,
ft Kow. V, n,
C To bend ; lo fuffex flexure.

5l))ift.
no, lo.

2. To make a reverence.

Rather let my h«d
Stoop to the block, than thefe knees beta to any.
Save to the God of heav'n, and to my king. &bak.
This is the great idol to which the world hTWi ;
to this we pay our devoutcft homage.

Decay tfPiiiy.
Admir'd, ador'd, by all the circling crowd.
For whcreloe'er /he tum'J her face, they bnv'd,

Drjdett,

3. Tofloop.

The people bvuitd down upon their knees to
drink. 'Jii'lg"-

4. To fmk under preiTure.

They ftcop, they I'ovi down together ; they could
not deliver the burden. IJitkib, xlvi. 2.

Bow. ». / [from the verb. It is pro-
nounced, like the verb, as no-w, bo-w.]
An aft of reverence or fubmiiiion, by
bending the body.

Some clergy too flic would allow.
Nor quarrel'd at their awkward bow.

Bow. n, /, [pronounced as jratt'
without any regard to the tv.]

1. An inftrument of war, made by hold-
ing wood or metal bent with a ftring,
which, by its fpring, ihoots arrows with
great force.

Take, 1 pray thee, thy weapons, thy quiver, and
thy beta, and go out to the field, and take me fome
venifon. Getiejis.

The white faith of hift'ry cannot fliow,
That e'er the mulket yet could beat the bote.

Mtyncs Henry VII.

2. A rainbow.

1 do fft my b(fw in the cloud, and it (hall be for a
token ot a covenant between me and the earth.

Gen. ix. i J.

3. The inftrument with which ftring-in-
ftruments are ftruck.

Their inftruments were various in their kind ;

Some for the boiu, and fome for breathing wind :

The fawtry, pipe, and hautboy's noify band.

And the foft lute trembling beneath the touching

hand. Dryden'i FahUs,

., The doubling of a firing in a flip-
knot. This is perhaps corruptly ufed
for bought.

Make a knot, and let the fecond knot be with a
bow. H^ifeman,

. A yoke.

As die ox hath his iow. Sir, the horfe his
curb, and the faulcon his bells, fo man hath his
defirc. Shakijpeare.

>. Bow of a /addle. The boius of afaddU
are two pieces of wood laid archwife, to
receive the upper part of a horfe's back,
to give the faddle its due form, and to
keep it tight. Farrier's DiQionary,

J, Bow of a Jhip. That part of hsr which
begins at the loof, and compafllng ends
of the ftern, and ends at the Iternmoll
parts of the forecaftle. If a (hip hath
a broad bow, they call it a bold boiu ; if
a narrow thin bow; they fay (he hath
a lean boiv. The piere of ordnance that
lies in this place, is called the bcw-
fiece ; and the anchors that hang here,
are called her great and little bonuers.

8. Bnv is alfo a mathematical inftru-
ment, made of wood, formerly ufed by
feamen in taking the fun's altitude.

9. Bo'v: is likewife a beam of wood or
brafs, with three long (crews, that clireft
a lath of wood or fteel to any arch ; ui'ed
commonly to draw draughts ol" (hips.

projeflions of the fphere, or wherever it

IS requifite to draw long arches. Harrit.
Bow-BEARER. »./. [from bo-vj and^Mr.l

An under-ofHcer of thq foreft. Covjcll.
Bow-bent, adj, [from boif and be>rt.'\

Crooked.
A libyl old, tnv-ieni with aooked age.

That far events full wifely cmild prel'age, Miltmm

Bow-H AND. n. f. [from bow and band.J
The hand that draws the bow.

Surely he ihoots wid.: on the boiv-band, and
very far from the mark. .Sperjir'i Src/nnd,

Bow-L EGGED, atf/. [from bo-iv 3Lttdleg,'\

Having crooked legs.
Bow-snor. «. /. [from bo-w and f'ot.']

The fpace which an arrow may pal's la

its flight from the bow.

Though he were not tiicn a bozo-jh'it off, and
made haife ; yet, by that time he was conic, the
thing was no longer to bo iztn, Boyle*

BO'WELS. n.f. [^jaax, Fr.]

1. Inteftines ; thevelfels and organs with- ,
in the body.

He fmote him therewith in the fifth rib, and
ftied out his b.ivcls, a Sam. xx. xo.

2. Tlie inner parts of any thing.

Had w2 no quarrel elfc to Ronie, but that
Thou art thence banifli'd, we would muiler all
From twelve to fcventy ; and pouring war
Into the bnveh of ungrateful Rome,
Like a bold itood appear. Sbakrfpearu

His foldiers fpying his undaunted fpirit,
A Talbot '. Talbot! cried out amain.
And rufli'd into the bo-wdi of the battle. Shut,

As he faw drops of water didilling from the
rock, by following the veins, he has made himfelf
two or three fountains in the bovreli of the moun-
tain. Mdifon,

.-j " The feat of pity, or kindnefs.

His boTL'ch did yern upon him. Cenijii,

4. Tendernefs ; compalTion.
He had no other conlideration of money, than

for the fupport of his luflre j and whilil he could
do that, he cared not for money ; having no betvelt
in the point of running in debt, or borrowir-i; all
he could. Clarendon.

5. This word feldom has ^fingular, except
in writers of anatomy.

Bo'wER. n, f, [from bough or branch, or
from the verb To boiu or bend.']

1. An arbour; a (heltered place covered
with green trees, twined and bent.

But, O fad virgin, that thy piwer
Might raife Mufieus from his boiver, Milton,

To gT>ds appealing, when I reach their bow'rt
With loud complaints, they anfwer me in fliow'rs.

Walla-.

Refrelh'd, they wait them to the i«u'rof (late.
Where, circled with his peers, Atrides fat. Pope.

2. It feems to fignify, in Spenfer, a blow ;
a ftroke ; bourrer, Fr. to fall upon.

Hisrawbonc arms, wiir>K* mighty brav.iicd h:^oer^
Were wont to rive fteel pbtes, and helmets hew.
Were clean confum'd, and all his vital puwers
Decay 'd. Sfrnfer'i Fairy Sijieen.

Bo'wER. n. f, [from the /«n; of a fhip.]

Anchors fo called. See Bow.
ToBo'wHR.. 'V. a. [from the noun.] To

embower ; to inclofe.

Thou didit Loiuer the fpirit

In mortal paradile of fwihf^vret fl.fli. Sbakrffiare.
Bo'wERY. adj. [from banner,'] Full of

bowers.

Landlkips how gay the b'.iury grotto y-clds,
Which thought creates, and laviih fancy builds !

Tiikc/t.
Snatch'd through the verdant maze, the hurritd

J^

Diftiafted ■\*andcrs ; new the hie'ry wa k

or

BOW

BOX

BOY

Orc«Tert dofe, where (cttct i fpeclt of day
Fills ©n the IcDgthenM gloom, protraae* fweeps.

Til BowoE. See To Bouge.

BOWr,. a./, [iuelitt, Wel(h; which fig-
nines, according to Junius, any thing
made of horn, as Jrinking cups an-
cieutl/ were. It is pronounced bolc.'\

\. A veflel to hold liquids, rather wide
thar Jeep ; diilinguiihed from a cup,
whicK is rather deep than wide.

Give me a bviol of wine ;
I have not that alicriry of fpirit,
Nor cheer of mind, that I "/as wont to have.

Sbakefpeare,

If a piece of iro" be faftere«Von the fide of a

l^'.-jil of water, a loadftone, in a boar of cork, will

make unto it* Bmvn*

The facred pjitfts, ^Vrh ready knives, bereave
The beads of !rA, ind m i'uii bomli receive
The ftreamine blijod. Dryden.

While the bright 'Jein, tf exalt the foul,
With fparkJing plcjity ciiowns the kvil.
And wit and fecial mirth infiiires.

FittM to Lord Gtvier.

z. The hollow part of any thing.

If you are allowed a large filvcr fpoon for the
kitchen, let half the hoxel ol it be worn out with
continual fcraping. Sivift*.

3. A bafin, or fountain.

But the main matter i> fo to convey the water,
ai it never (lay either in the inv/ot in the ciftern.

Bdcon-

BOWL. ft./, [ioule, Fr. It is pronounced
ss cotu, hmuL] A round raafs, which
may be rolled along the ground.

Like to a bo^ioi upon a fubtile ground,
I've tumbled part the throw. Sbaiefptart.

How finely doft thou times and feafons fpin !
And maice a twill checker'd with night and day !
Which, as it lengthens, winds, and winds us in.
As hnvis go on, but turning all the way,. Herbert.

Like him, who would lodge a kvwl upon a pre-
•ipice, either my praife falls back, or flays not on
the top, but rowis over. Drydcn.

Men may make a game at bvwh in the fummer,
and a game at whift in the winter. Drrnii'i Lei.

Though that piece of wood, which is now a
icro/, may be made fijuare, yet, if roondnefs be
tak'n away, it is no longer a i-^w!. tfatts'tLogut.

To Bowl. f. a. [from the noun.]

1. To roll as a bowl.

2. To pelt with any thing rolled.

iAIas ! I had rather ne let (;jick i' th' earth,
And bcwt'd to death with turnips.

Merry iVi-vit cf WinJir,,.

Bo'vvLDEK.-STONE5. 11./. Lumps Or frag-
ments of Hones or marble, broke from
the adjacent cliffs, rounded by being
tumbled to and again by the water ;
whence their name. Woodiuarei.

Bo'wiER. n. /. [from bo'wl.\ He that
plays at bowls.

BoVline. "{«./. [featerm.] A rope faf-

Br/wLiKG. 5 tcned to the middle part
of the outlide of a fail ; it is fattened in
three or four parts of the fail, called
the benuling bridle. The uic of the
bmuline is to make t'n ■,. fails Hand Iharp
or clofe to a wind. Harris .

Bo' w i.iNC.cRE£K. »./. [ from boivl and
gran.] A level piece of ground, kept
fmooth for bowlers.

A bowl eijualiy poifcd, and thrown upon :< plain
ie^i;iir[-gretii,wM ruu neceflbrily in adlreft lin'.

e.nlley.

lo'wMAM. »./. [from ^v and man.] An
archer ; he that liioots with a bow. '

The whole city fliall flee, for the no'ife of the
horfemen and bov;men. Jenmiah, iv. 29,

Bo'wspRiT. n. /. [from the bow of a
fhip.] This word is generally fpelt
bolt/prit ; which fee.

To Bo'wssEN. 'v.a. [probably of the fame
original with bou/e, but found in no other
paflage.] To drench ; to foak.

The water fell into a clofe walled plot ; upon
this wall was the frantick perfon fet, and from
thence tumbled headlong into the pond ; where a
ftrong fellow tolTed him up and down, until the
patient, by foregoing his ftrength, had fomewhat
forgot his fury : but if there appeared fniail a-
mendment, he was ttm'jjined .again and again,
while there remained in him any hope of life, for
recovery. Careio^s Survey of CornivaU.

Bo'wsTRiNO. n./ [from ^ooK and y?r/«f.]
The ftring by which the bow is kept
bent.

He hath twice or thrice cut Cupid's botujir'wg,
and the little hangman dare not flioot at him.

Shakefpeare.

Sound will be conveyed to the ear, by ftriking

upon a boivjlring, if the horn of the bow be held

to the ear. Bacon.

Bo'wYER. n./. [from ^ooy.]

I. An archer; one that ufes the bow.

Call for vengeance from the howyer king. Dryi.

z. One whofe trade is to make bows.
BOX. » f. [box, Saxon j buxus, Lat.]
A tree.

The i'j.ej are pennated, and evergreen ; it hath
male flowers, that are produced at remote diftances
from the fruh, on the fame tree ; the fruit is
fliaped like a ^ .rrldge-pot inverted, and is divided
into three eel. , containing two feeds in each,
which, when ripe, are caft forth by the elafticity
of the veflels. The wood is very ufeful for en-
gravers, and mathematical ir.ftrument makers ;
being fo hard, clofe, and ponderous, as to fink in
water. MtUer.

There are two forts ; tl: ^ dwarf fc*, and a taller
fort. The dwarf box is good for borders, tf d is
ei/ily kept in order, with one clipping in the year.
It will increafe of flips fet in March, or about
B.ittholomcw tide ; and will profper on cold barren
hills, where nothing elfe will grow. Meriimer.

Box. a./, [box. Sax. bii/ie. Germ.]

1. A cafe made of wood, or other matter,
to hold any thing. It is diftinguiftied
from che/?, as the Ir/s from the greater.
It is fuppofed to have its name from the
box wood.

A magnet, though put in an ivory box, will,
through the box, fend forth bis embracing virtue
to a beloved needle. Sidmy.

About his (helves
A beggirly accoiii»t of empty boxes. .'Shul-fpeare.

The lion's head is to open a rnoft wide voracious
mouth, which ftiall taUc in letters and papers.
There will be under it a box, of which the kev
will be kept in my cuftody, to receive fuch papers
as arc dropped into it. Sl.elc

This calfcet Ir.dia's glmving gems unlocks,
And all Arabia breathes from yonder' i«Ar. Pope.

2. The cafe of the mariners compafs.

J. The cheft into which money given is
put.

So many more, fo every one was ua'd,
That to give largely to the A-x rcfus'd. Spcrfer.

4. The feats in the playhoufe, where the
ladies are placed.

'Tis left to you j the boxes and the pit
Are foveri-ign judges of this fort of wit. Dryden.

She glares in balls, front boxei, and the ring;
A vain, unquiet, glittering, wrc.chcil thing. Pope.

To Box. 'V. a. [from the jioun.] To in-
dole in a box.

Belled !n a cluir, the bean impatient fits,

While fpouts run clatt'ring o'er the roof bv fif«.

Svif!,

BOX. «./ [bod, a cheek, Welfh.] A
blow on the head given with the hand.

For the box o' th' ear that the prince gave you»
he gave it like a rude prince. Sbairfpeare,

If one (hnuld take my hand perforce, and give
another a bcx on the ear with it, the law punifli-
eth the other. Bremhall,

There may happen concuHinns of the braio
from a box on the ear. Wijcmans Surgery.

Olphis, the fiflierman, received a box on the ear
from Theftylis. AJdiJ'on'! SpeHator.

To Box. 'V. n. [from the noun.] To fight
with the fill.

The afs very fairly looked on, till they had boxed
themfelvcs a-weary, and then left them fairly in
the lurch. VEJirange.

A leopard is like a cat ; he boxes with his fore-
feet, as a cat doth her kitlins. Greta.

The flghting with a man's fliadow confifts in
brandifliing two flicks, loadcn with plugs of lead ;
this gives a man all the pleafure of itxin^, without
the blows. SptSmor.

He hath had fix duels, and four-and-twenty
boxing matches, in defence of his majefty's title.

SpeBaton

To Box. v. a. To ftrike with the fill.
Bo'xEN. n./. [from box.\

1 . Made of box.

The young gentlemen learned, before all other
things, to defign upon tablets of boxen wood. Dryd.
As laJs and lafl<;s Hood around.
To hear my boxert hautboy found. Cay,

2. Refembling box.

Her faded clieeks are chang'd to boxen hue.
And in her eyes the tears arc ever new. Dryet*

Bo'xER. n. /. [from box.] A man who

fights with his fid.
BOY. n./. [bub. Germ. The etymology is

not agreed on.]
I. A male child ; not a girJ. *'

The ftrcets of the city (hall be full of ioyi and
girls playing. Zcchariab.

z. One in the (late of adolefcence ; older
than an infant, yet not arrived at pu-
berty or manhood.

Speak thou, bey ;
Perhaps thy childiflinefs will move hira more
Than can our reafons. Shakefpeare's CorlohnuTt

Sometimes forgotten things, long cart behind,
Rufli forward in rhe brain, and come to mind :
The nurfe's legends are for truths receiv'd.
And the man dreaiBt but what the k'y bellcv'd.

Drydettm

3. A word of contempt for young men, as
noting their immaturity.

Men of worth and parts will noteafily admit the
familiarity of boysy who yet need the care of a
tutor. Locke.

The pale bey fenator yet tingling flaads.
And holds his bixeches clofe with both his hands*

Pope,'

To Boy. 1;. n. [from the noun.] To treat
as a boy.

Anthony
Shall he brought drunken forth, and I fliall fee
Some Iqueaking Cleopatra boy my griatneli,
r th' piifture of a whore. Sbiikefpcare,

Bo'y HOOD. «./ [from boy.] The ftate of
a boy ; the part of life in which we are
boys. This is perhaps an arbitrary
word.

If you (hould look at him, in his boyhood,
through the magnifying end of a perfpedive, and,
in his manhood, through the other, it would be
impoflible to Ijiy any difti:reiicc : the fame air,
the fame ftrut. Swift.

Bo'yish. etdj. [from boy.J
I. Belonging to a boy.

lia».

BRA

BRA

BRA

t iM It dirough, e'en from my Itji/b itiftf
To th' very moment that he bade me tell it. Stat.
ii Childiih ; trifling.

This unhiir'd faucinef!, and ityijh traopi,
The king doth fmlle a:, and is well prepar'd
To whip this dwarfi/h war, thefc pigmy arms.

Sbakefl>eare.
Young men take up fume Englilh poet for llieir
Model, and imitate him, without knowiog wherein
he is defective, where he is ityi/b and triAing.

Drytlcrt.

So'yishly. adv. [from io^'Jh.] Childifti-

ly ; triflingly.
Bo'yiSHNESB. n./. [{rom ioyi/b.] Child-

ifhnefs ; trifling manner.
$o'yi3m. n. /. [from itj,} Fuerility j

childilhners.

He had complained he was farther oflF, by being
fo near) and athoufand fuch ^^|/ii9i,which Chaucer
ri'jeiled as below the fubjed. Drydtn-

B p . An abbreviation of biftiop.
BRA'BBLE. «./ \brabbckn, Dutch.] A
clamorous conteil ; a fquabble ; a broil.

Here in the ftreets, defpcrate in Ihame and ilatc,
In private hrabhle did we apprehend him. Sha\.

y<> Bra'bblb. i». ». [from the noun.] To
clamour ; to conteil noifily.

^ra'bbler. a.yl \ixci\a brabble. '\ A cla-
morous, quarrelfome, noify fellon'.

To BRACE. V. a. [embrajfer, Fr.]

I. To bind ; to tie clofe with bandage*.

The women of China, by bracing and binding
them from their infancy, have very little feet.

«. To intend ; to make tenfe ; to ftrain up.

The tympanum i» not capable of tenfion that
way, in fuch a manner a) a drum is braced. Holder,

The diminution of the force of the preffure of
the external air, in bracing the fibres, muft create
a debility in raufcular motion. Arbutbmt n Air,

Brace. »./. [from the verb.]

I. Cinflure ; bandage.

a. That which holds any thing tight.

The little bones of the ear-drum do in draining
and relaxing it, as the brace: of the war-drum do
m that. Derham,

g. Brace [in architefture] is a piece of
timber framed in with bevil joints, ufed
to keep the building from fwerving
either way. Builder's Di^.

4. Braces, fa fea term.] Ropes belong-
ing to all the yards, except the mizen.
They have a pendant to the yard-arm,
two braces to each y-ord ; and, at the
end of the pendant, a block is feized,
through which the rope called the brace
is reeved. The braces ferve to fquare
and traverfe the yards. Sea DiH,

5. Braces of a Conch. Thick ftraps of
leather on which it hangs.

6. Harnefs.

7. Brace. [In printing.] A crooked line
inclofmg a paflTage, which ought to be
taken together, and not feparately ; as
in a triplet.

Charge Venus to command her fon,
Wherever elfe (he lets him rove,
To Ihun my houfe, and lield, and grov
Peace cannot dwell with hate or love. 3 Prkr,

^ Warlike preparation ; from bracing the
armour ; as we fay, girded for the battle.

As it more canccrns the Turk than Rhodes,
So nay he with more facile queftion bear it }
For tliat it (lands not in fuch warlike bract.
But altogether lacks th' abilities
Tiuc Rhodea it inWi io. SLikH'/rtare,

' lou,

grove i >
ove. 3 '

9. Tenfion ; tightnefs.

The mod frequent caufe ef deafneft il the lax-
nefs of the tympanum, when it lias loll its brace
or tenfion. Holder,

Brace, n, /. [of uncertain etymology,
probably derived from two braced toge-
ther.]

1. A pair; a couple. It is not braces,
but brace, in the f/ural.

Down from a hill the beafts that reign in woods,
Firll hunter then, purfucd a gentle brace,
Coodlied of all the foretl, hart and hind. Par.Lc/l.

Ten brace and more of greyhounds, fnowy fair,

And tall as (lags, ran loole, and cours'd around

bis chair. Dryden't Fables.

2. It is ufed generally in converfation as
a fportfman's word.

He is faid, thi$ fummer, to have (hot with his
own hands fifty brace of phcafants, Addtjon,

3. It is applied to men in contempt.

But you, my brace of lords, were I fo minded,
I here could pluck his bighncfs' frown upon you .

Shakctfieare.

Bra'celet. It,/, [bracelet, French.]

1. An ornament for the arms.

Both his handi were cut off, being known to
have worn bractUli of gold about his writh.

Sir y. Hayward.

Tie about our tawny wrifts

Bracelets of the fairy twills. Ben yon/on.

A very ingenious lady ufed to wear, in rings

and brace/els, ftoie of thofe gems. Bojile.

2. A piece of defenfive armour for the
arm.

Bra'cer. n./. [from brace."]

1, A cintlure ; a bandage.

When they afl'eft tire belly, they may be rc-
ftrained by a bracer, without much trouble.

ff^jfemaii,

2. A medicine of conftringent power.
Brach. n.f. [braque, Fr.] A bitch hound.

Truth 's a dog muft to kennel ; he muft be

whipped out, when the lady bracb mny ftand by

the fire, and ftink. Shakefpearc.

Bra'chi A!., adj. [from brachium, an arm,

Lat.] Belonging to the arm*
Brachy'craphy. n.f. [i3|«xt«, fliort,
and y^aifu, to write.] The art or
praftice of writing in a (hort compafs.

All the certainty of thofe high pretenders, bating
what they have of the lirft principles, and tlie word
of God, may be circumfcribed by as fmall a circle
as the creed, when bracbygrafly had confined it
within the compafs of a penny. GlanvilU.

Brack, n.f. [from break.l A breach ; a
broken part.

The place was but weak, and the bracks fair;
but the defendants, by refulution, fupplicd all the
defers. Hay%vard.

Let them compare my work with what is taught
in the fchools, and if they find in theirs many brtchs
and (hort ends, which cannot be I'pun into in c«n
piece ; and, in mine, a fair coherence throughout j
I (hall promife myfelf an acquiefciince. Oighy.

Bra'cket. n.f. [a term of carpentry.]
A piece of wood fixed for the fupport
of lomething.

Let yuur (helves be laid upon brackets, being about
two feet wide, and edged with a fmall lath.

M'-rtimiT.

BRA'CKISH. a^-. [brack, ^£i^xic\i,] Salt;
fomewhat fait : it is ufed particularly of
the water of the fea.

Pits upon the fea (liore turn into frerti water,

by percolation of the fait through the land ; but

it is farther noted, after a time, the water in Inch

pit! will become brackijh again. Baean,

When I had gain d the brow and top,

A lake of hrackijb Waters «□ the ground

Was all 1 found. Herbert,

The wift eontrtver, on hii end Intent,
Mix'd them with fait, and feafon'd all the fei.
What other caufe could this e/lisft produce ?
The hrackijh tin^urc through the main difTufe >

Blackmort.

Bra'ckishness. n, f, [from brackijh.\
Saltnefs in a fmall degree.

All the artificial (trainings hitherto leave a
braekijhreji in fait water, that makes it unfit for
animal uliu. Chcyne.

BRAD, being an initial, figniflet broad,
fpacious, from the Saxon bpab, and the
Gothick braid. Gib/tn.

Brad. n.f. A fort of nail to floor rooms
with. They are about the fize of a ten-
penny nail, but have not their heads
made with a ftioulder over their ihank,
as other nails, but are made pretty thjck
towards the up{>er end, that the very top
may be driven into, and buried in', the
board they nail down ; fo that the tops
of thefe brads will not catch the thrums
of the mops, when the floor is wafliing.

Moxo/i,

To BRAG. 1/. », [braggeren, Dutch.]

1. To boaft; to difplay oftentatioufly ;
to tell boaftful ftories.

Thou coward ! art thou bragging to the ftars ?
Telling the bulhes that ihou look'ft for wars,
A.nd wilt not come ? Shakcfjieare.

Mark me, with what violence flic firft loved the
Moor, but for bragging, and telling her fantajical
lies. Siiakefpeare.

In bragging out fome of their private tenets, ai
if they were the ellabiilhed dodirine of the church
of England. Sanderfin.

The rebels were grown fo ftrong there, that thev
intended then, a« they already biaggej, to como
over and make this the feat of w.i"r. Clarendon.

Mrs. Bull's condition was looked upon as def.
pcratc by all the men of art ; but there were thofe
that bragged they had an infallible ointment.

Arhutkntt^

2. It has «/^ before the thing boafted.

Knowledge being the only thing whireef ws
pbor old men can brag, we cannot make it known
but by utterance. Sidney,

Verona brags of him.
To be a virtuous and wcll-govcrn'd youth. Skak*

Every bufy little fcribbler now
Swells with the praifes which he gives himfelf.
And taking fan£)uary in tlie crowd.
Brags of his impudence, and fcorns to mend.

RoJcommoA

3. 0« is ufed, but improperly.

Yet lo ! in me what authors have to brag on,
Reduc'd ar laft to hils in my oA'n dragon. P«^A
Brag. n.f. [from the verb.]

1 . A boaft ; a proud ex'prcflion.

A kind of conqued
Ciefar made here ; but made not here his brag
Of came, and faw, and overcame, ■'ihakcffeare.
It was fuch a new thing for the Spaniards ta
receive fo little hurt, upon dealing with the EngliA,
as Avellancda made great irj^i of it, for nog. cater
matter than the waiting upon the Engliib afar off.

Baccn,

2. The thing boafted.

Beauty is natui«:> ^''"JT' ""^ TimH be (hewn
In courts, at fealis, and high folemnitici.
Where m >(t may wonder. Milteti,

Bragoado'cio. «. /. [from brag.] A
puffing, fwelling, boaiting fellow.

The world abounds in terrible fanfarons, in the
mafque of men of honour } but tlicfc brargjdccict
are eaf> to be dete^ed. L'£Jtrangt.

By tlic plot, you may guefs much of the cba<
rafters of the perfons; a braggadocio captain, a ga-
rafite, and a lady of p leafure. Vrydcn,

Bra'ccarsism.

BRA

Bra'ggardism. «./ [from Irrag.] Boafl-
fulnefs ; vain otlentation.

Bra'cgart. atij. [from brag.'\ Boaftful ;
vainly ollentatious.

Shall I, norx's Oavc, of high bom or raii'd men
Fear tVowns ; and m»- miftreis, truth, betray thee
To th' hutfing, l-rji^„rt, putt nobility f Durnf.

Bra'cgart. »./ [from drag.] A boafter.
Who knows himftlt' 3 brjgrart,
Lf t him fiar this ; for it will come to pals,
That every brjggart (hall be f;und an als. Shai.

Bra'gger. n.f. [from Inag.] A boafter ;
an oftentatious fellow.

SiK-h as have had cppotfunity to found thcfe
<r<j^^(r«chorcugSK, b> having fomctimcs endured
the penioce ot thiir fott:lh cimpany, have fnunJ
them, in convcrie, empty sr.d iniipid. South,

Bra'cless. adj. [fiom brag.] Without
a boaft; without oftentation.

The bruit is, Hector's fiain, and by Achilles. —
I If it is fo, tr^igicfs let it be,
Grca: HeQor vas as good a man as he. Stai'ff.
Bf-A'cLY. adi: [horn irtrg,] Finely; fo
a.s it may be bragged.

Secft not tbilic li-w Jioin ftuJ,
How hragly it begins to bud,
And uticr his tender head i
Flora now calleth Jbrth each fl ««r.
Am! bids him make ready Maia's tower. Sptrfcr.

To BRAID, 'u. a. [bpxdan, Saxpn.J To
weave together.

. C.'ofe the ferpent fly,
InGnuating, wove with gordian twine
His knUlai ^in, and of his fatal guile
Gave pro.if unheeded. Miltm.

Oficr wands, lying loofcly, may each ofthem be
eafily dinbciated from the reft ; but, when LriUtd
into a balket, they cohere (Irongly. BiyU.

A ribband did the hraidtd trcITcs bind.
The reft was loofe, and wanR^nM in the wind.

Prjdev ,

Since in Ira'uUd gold her foot is bound.
And a long trailini; manseau fwctps the ground,
Her (lioe difdains tho ftrcet. Gjy.

Braid. «./. [from theverb] A texture ;
a knot, or complication of fomething
woven together

LiOen wtaen cliou art Opting,
Under the glolly, cool, tranflueent wave,
in twiAed btaltii of lilies knitting
1 he lo'ift! train of thy amber-dropping h jir. Aii/tcn.

int:

Or 1; . . : 'in i,

In graLelUt^rtJKii, wilii various fit>kH>ii bound. fivV;.

Braid, ad;. [To irede, in Chaucer, is to
c/ecei'vi.'\ An old word, which ieemi to
fignify deceitful.

Since Frenchmen are fo haU,
Marry 'em that will. I'll live and die a maid.

Shab^fjeare.

Bi ail's, n. ./. [fca term.] Small ropes
reeve'd through blocks, which are fcized
on cither fide the ties, a little off upon
the yard ; fo that they come down before
the fails of a Ihip, and are faftened at
the flcirtof the fail to the crenglcs. Their
tife is, when the fail is furled acrofs, to
hail tip its bunt, that it may the more
readily be taken up or let fall. Harrii.

BRAIN, n. f. [bparsen. Sax. breyne,
Dutch.].

1, That colleflion of veffels and organs
in the head, from which fenfe and mo-
tion arife.

'i he brain is dj*,idrd into eerfirum and ctrtLfllum.
Cmhrum it that 7 art of the A/</m which polfefTes
all the upper and fofptrt of the rntr:'<timy heir.^
fepjrated from the ceritcllatt by the fecond pro-

Vol. I.

BRA

ccfs ofthe dura mnuri under which llio teychetluM
is fituated. The fubftance of the hraln is dlftin-
guilhed into outer and inner : the former is callci
cortkalhi dnerta, ov glamdukfa \ the latter, mcdul-
Urisj alba^ or rcrvca* Cbejcldcn,

. If I be Terved fuch another tricki V\\ have my
hrains ta.'«n,put|. and -buttered, and fi)vet}>cm to a
dog for a new year's gift.

Sbakfjj?eare''s Merry fV'i^ei offf^iffdj-.y,
Th.it man proportionably hath the hrgcft brabsy
\ diet, I cuiifefs, fomcwhat doubt, and conceived it
n^ight have tailed io b)rds, cf^^ecially fuch<is having
little bodies, have yet large cranies, and feem to con-
tain much traittf as fnipes and woodcocks ; but,
upon trial, 1 find it very true. BroiCyCs ^'^i^^g' ^^^f-

2. That part in which the underilanding
is placecji ; therefore taken for the un-
derilanding.

1'he force tliey are under is a real force, and
that ot their tare but an imaginary conceived one j
the one but in their ^rain:, the other on their
ihoulders, Hi^ttimord.

A man is firft a geometrician in his ^rsin^ be-
fore he be fuch in hi. hand. //j/t.

3. Sometimes the affedlions: this is not
common, nor proper.

My fon Edgar ! had he a hand to write this, a
heart and hrain to breed it in .'' Sbakcffeijre.

7q Brain, f. a. [from the noun.] To
daih out the brains ; to kill by beating
out the brains.

Why, as 1 told tb«, 'tis a cuftom with Mm i'
tV afternoon lo ilecpj there thou m:iy*ft Bruin'
him. ■ Sbahjftart.

Outlawi of nature,
, Fit to be Aiot iwd brain' H, without ? proccA,
To Uop infcclioni that 's their proper death.

Diydeti.
Vzxz (t'lz'd two wrctcKcs more, and headlong
ca.1,
T/j ;;'a »n the rode, his fecond dire repaft. • Ptfi.
BitA'iNiSH. a.^f. [from brain.] Hothead-
ed ; furious : a cerebrofus ia Latin.

In his icwlcls fit,
Bfhind tlit arriS liearingfomethlni? ftii,
Hcu.V '■ ", and crifs, a rat !

ArJ, ■ henfion, kills

The u: ^ , _ . r\, .'ihcirfpeare.

Bra'inless aii;. [from brain.'\ billy;
thoughtlefs ; -witlefs.'

S:ime Ircinli-' rrien have, by great travel .and
labour, broiigli- -o paf», that fhe church is now,
ai'i.i'! ' ;' raor^ than of fainti. Haiitr.

It ". '.-/j A]a» come fafc ( If,'

^'- ■ ■!ce3. . iH'ahc'fearr.

, who, cxfcll'd the t nvn,

1'- - .-» - .. j.^ and pedantick gown,

Aw'd by dry name, is dumb. Thkdl.

Bra'inpan. n. /. [ham brain zni fan.1
Thi (ItiiH containing the brains.

With rhoie huge bellows, in his hands, he blo^v?
Ne* fii e into my hc.id ; my trairfiaii glows, Dryd.

Bra'jnsick. 'adj. [froni brain ant] fiL]
Difeafed in the underftanding : addle-
ht-adcJ ; giddy ; thoughtlefs.

Nor once d:je6l the couiagc of our minds,
Becaufc CalTandra 'i maJ ; licr btiiiJifiik raptures
Cannot diftjlic the giodnefs of a quarrel. Slvi.

They were trainjSck men, who could neillier
endure the government of their king, nor vet
thanltfiilly receive the authors of their deliver-
ance. •' KiioUci.

Br a'i NSiCKi.y. adv. [from brainjlck.]

Weakly ; hcadily.

Why, worthy Thane,

You do imbend your noble llrc.igth to think

So Irairjiikly of things. Shdkejjitrre.

El a'insickness. n.f. [from brainjici.]

Indifcretion ; giddinefs.
Br A IT. »./. Among jewellers for a rough

diamond. i>/<s>.

BH A

Brake. The preterite of break.

He thought it fufficicnt to corte^t tiie multitude
with (harp words, and brake out into this chnlcrick
fpcech. Kmiln.

BRAKE, n.f. [of uncertain etymology.]

1, A thicket of brambles, or of thorns.

A dog of tills town uled daily to fetch meat,
and to carry the fame unto a blind mafliff, that
lay in a brake without the town. Careiu,

If I'm traduc'd l>y tongues, which neither know
My faculties nor perfon ; let me fay,
'Tis but the fate of place, and the rough brake
That virtue muft go through. Shaiefpejre,

In every buih and Irakc, where hap may had
The ferpent deeping. Miircr.

Full litrle thought of him the gentle knight.
Who, flying death, had there coiiceai'd his fiight;
In brakei ani brambles hid, and Ihunaing mortal
fight. Drydcns, Fables.

2. It is faid originally to meanyfrw.
Brake, n.f.

1. An inilrument for drell?ng hemp of
flax.

2. The handle of a fliip's pump.

3. A baker's kneading trough.

4.. A fliarp bit or fnaftie for horfes. Die7.
A fmith's braie is a machine in which
hones, unwilling to be ftiod, are con-
fined during that operation.
Bra'ky. adj. [from braie.] Thorny;
prickly ; rough.

Redeem arts trom their rougli and b-raky feat.s',

where they lie hid and overgrown with thorns, to

a pure, open light, where they may take the eye,

and m.y be taken by the hand. £eti JonJ'aii.

BRA'MBLE. n.f. [bpemlap Sax. ruLs,

Lat.] «

T. The blackberry bufh ; the rafpberry
bu fit, or hindberry. Miller.

Content with food which nature freely bred.
On wldings and on ftrawberries they fei :
Cornels anJ brtuvhli berries gave the reft,
Ani t"allii;g acorns furnilh'J out a lead. Dryden,
2. It is taken, in popular language, for
any rough prickly flirub.

Tiic bulh my beJ, the irflw/i c was my bowV,
The woods can witncfs many a wor'u) ftote. Stf.njlr,
There is a man haunts the foreft, that abules
our young yiann with carving Kofalind ort their
barks; hangs odes upon hawthi-rns, and elegies on
brair.hlcSy al', foj'lo.Ttli, deifying the nameof Rsp-
ftlind. ■ ■ '^ ■ •■ • Sl->akcfj.tan.

Thy youngling-!, CuJdy, sre but jud awiliV,
No thruHtcs fiifiU the krnmbh bujh forlake. trVV.

Bra'mbling. //. / A bird, called alib
a mountain chaffinch. DiB.

BRAN, n.f [bnmia, Ital.] The hulks of
corn ground ; the rcfufe of the lieve."

Fn.m me do back receive the flluw'r of a'l, i
And leave me buttheircs, Siakrlpcar'.

The citizens we e driven to -rent diftie(s,f'>r
want of vlfiu.Js ; b^ead they ma le of the coaifcit
brsii, moulded In cloaths j for othtrwife it would
n jt cleave toj;cthrr. Uay-.vifd,

In the fifiing of fourteen years of power and
favour, all that came out could not be pure mtal,
but mud have among it a certain mixture of padar
a .d bran, in this lower age of luiinan fragility.

Then water him, and drinking whnt ho can.
Encourage him to third again with bran. DryMi-
BRANCH, it.f [branche, French.]
I . The Ihoot of a tree from one of the
main boughs.

Why grow the branchii, when the root is gone ?
Whjr wljhcr not the leaves that want their lap ?

Shokefptar^

z. Any membir or part of the whole;
any dilVinft article ; any fedion or fub-
divifion.

F f y-otr

BRA

Your oathi are fi&, and now fubfci'ibc year
naroei,
That hi« own hand may ftrike his honour down,
•That violates the fmalleft irarcb herein. Shaitfp.

The belief of this was of fpecial importance,
to confirm our hopes of another life, on which io
many hrancba of chriftian piety do immediately
depend' Hammord.

In the fcTeral iranchtt of juftice and charitj',
comprehended in thofe general rules, of loving our
neighbour as ourfclves, and of doing to others as
we would have them do to us, there is nothing
but what i» moft fit and reafonable. TiUtipr.

This precept will oblige us to perform our duty,
Hccotding to the nature of the various iranrhrs of
it. R^l.rs.

3. Any part that (hoots out from the reft.

And fix brancbts Ihall come out of the fides of
It ; three irancbei of the candlcftick out of the
one fide, and three brexcbti of the candlcftick out
of the other fide. Ex'Jus.

His blood, which difperfeth itfelf by the branchu
of veins, may be refcmbled to waters carried by
brooks. Raleigh.

4. A fmaller river ranning into, or pro
ceeding from, a larger.

If, from a main river, any hrancb be fepa-
rated and divided, \ then, where that irancA doth
firft bound itfelf with new banks, there is that part
of the river, where the branch forfjketli the main
ftream, called the head of the river. Raleigh.

5. Any part of a family defcending in a
collateral line.

His father, a younger bramb of the ancient
flock planted in Somerfetfliire, took to wife the
widow. Cariw.

6. The offspring ; the defcendant.

Great Anthony ! Spain's well-befeeming pride,
"Viou mighty branch of emperours and kings \

Crajhanv.

7. The antlers or (hoots of a (lag's horn.

8. The branches of a bridle are two pieces
of bended iron, that bear the bit-mouth,
the chains, and the curb, in the interval
between the one and the other.

Farrier's Did.

9. [In architefture.] The arches of Go-
thick vaults ; which arches tranfverfing
ftom one angle to another, diagonal
wife, form a crofs between the other
arches, which make the fides of the
fquare, of which the arches are diago-
nals. Harris.

Te Branch, "v. n. [from the noun.]
1. To fpread in branches.

They were trained together in their childhoods,
and there rooted betwixt thctn fuch an affeilion,
which cannot choofc but ^r<iiicj& now. Hhakefpcarc.

The caufe of fcattering the boughs, is the hafty
breaking forth of the fap j and therefore thole
trees rife not in a body of any height, but branch
near the ground. The caufe of the pyramis, is the
keeping in 0/ the fa'p, long before it branch, and
the fpending of it, when it beginneth to branch,
by c<^ual degrees. Bac6n.

Plant it round with Ihade
Of laurel, evergreen, zndbranching plane. Miltcn.

Straight OS a line in beauteous order flood
Of oake unlhorn a venerable wood ;
Frefh was the grafs beneath, and ev'ry tree
At diflance planted, in a due degree,
Thc'it irancling arms in air, with equal fpace,
Stretck'i to their neighbours with a long embtace.

Drydm.

One fees her thighs transform'd, another views
Her arms fliot out, and branching into boughs.

AlJifin,

2. To fpread into fcparate and diAindl
parts and fubdivifions.

The Alps at the one end, and the long range of
Appeuiues that fxSki thtuugh tJic body of it.

BRA.

iranek out, on (U fides, Into feveral different div!.
fions. Miijm.

If we would weigh, and keep in our minds,
what it is we are confidering, that would beft
inftru£t us when we Ihould, or (hould not, branch
into farther diftinftions. Locke.

3. To fpeak diffufively, or with the dif-
tinftion of the parts of a difcourfe.

I have known a woman branch out into a long
differution upon the edging of a petticoat. SfeH.

4. To have horns (hooting out into ant-
lers.

The fwift (lag from under ground
Bore up his branching head. Milton.

To Branch, -v. a.

1. To divide as into branches.

The fpirits of things animate are, all continued
within themfelves, and are branched into canals,
as blood is ; and the fpirits have not only branches,
but ceruln cells or feats, where the prineipal fpirjts
do refide. Bacon.

2. To adorn with needlework, reprefenting
flowers and fprigs.

In robe of hly white (he was array'd.
That from her ihoulder to her heel iovm raught,
The train whereof loofc far behind her ftray'd
Branched mtii gold and pearl, moil richly wrought.

Sf>infer.

Bra'ncher. ». /. [from iraaeh.]

1. One that (hoots out into branches.

If their child be not fuch a fpcedy fpreader and
brancber, like the vine, yet he may yield, with a
little longer expeSation, as ufeful and more fober
fruit than the other. ff^orion.

2. [brancbier, Fr.] In Falconry, a young
hawk.

I enlarge my difcourfe to the obfervation of the
eires, the brancber, and the two forts of lentners.

H^alun.
Bra'nchiness. n, /. [from branchy, '\

Fulnefs of branches.
Bra'nchless. adj. [from branch.'\
I. Without (hoots or boughs,
z. Without any valuable produft ; naked.

If I life mine honour,
I lofe myfelf ; better I were not yours.
Than yours fo branchlefi. Shaieffeare.

Bra'nchy. aci;. [from branch.'] Full of
branches ; fpreading.

Trees on trees overthrown
Fall crackling round him, aud the forells groan ;
Sudden full twenty on the plain are (Irow'd,
And lopp'd and lightcn'd of their branchy load.

P<^e.

What carriage can bear away all the various,

rude, and unwieldy loppings of a bramlij tree at

once ? H'altt.

BRAND, n.f. [bfianb, Saxon.]

1. A (lick lighted, or fit to be lighted, in

the fire.

Have I caught thee ?
He that parts us Ihall bring i. brand from heav'n.
And fire us hence. Shakefpeare.

Take it, (he faid, and when your needs require,
This little brand will ferve to lightyour fire. Dryd.

If, with double diligence, they labour to retrieve
the hours they have 1oft, they (hall be faved ;
though this is a fervicc of great difficulty, and
like a brand plucked out of the fire. Rogers,

2. [branJo, Ital. branJar, Runick.] A
fword, in old language.

Tlicy looking back, all th' eallern fide beheld
Of Paradife, fo late their happy feat !
Wav'd over by that flaming brand \ the gat;
With dreadful faces throng'd, and fiery arms.

Milton.

3. A thunderbolt.
The fire omnipotent prepares the brand.

By Vulcan wrought, and arms his potent hand.

CranvUle.

BRA

4, A mark made by burning a criminal
with a hot iron, to note jiim as infa-
roous ; a (bgma.

Clerks convicl (hoxild be burned in the hind,
both bccaufe they might tafte of fonie corporal
punilhment, and that they might carry a brand of
infamy. Baccn.

The rules of good and evil are inverted, and «
brand of infamy palTes for a badge of honour.

t'EjIrange.
J. Any note of infamy.

Where did his wit on learning fix a brand.
And rail at arts he did not undcrfland ? Dry.im,
7o Brand, 'v. a. [hranden, Dutch.] To
mark with a brand, or note of infamy:

Have 1 liv'd thus long a wife, a true one, -
Never yet branded with I'ufpicion ? Sbakeffeart.

The king was Afar branded, by P<Tkin 3 pro-
clamation, for an execrable breaker ol the rights
of holy church* Bacsn.

Brand not their anions with fo foul a name ;
Pity, at leaft, what we are forc'd to blame. Dryd.

Ha ! dare not for thy life, 1 charge thee, dare not
To brand the fpotlefs virtue of my prince. Rnve.

Our Punick faith
Is infamous, and branded to a proverb. jlJdifon,

The fpreader of the pardons anfwercd him an
eafier way, by branding him with herefy. Atterbury.

Bra'ndgoose. v./. A kind of wildfowl,
lefs than a common goofe, having its
bread and wings of a dark colour. Di3.

To Bra'ndish. 'V. a. [from brand, a
fword.]

1. To wave, or (hake, or flourilh, as a
weapon.

Brave Macbeth,
Difdaining fortune, with his handijh'd Rte],
Like valour's minion, carved out his fitftgc Shai,

He faid, and brandijhing at once his blade.
With eager pace purfued the flaming (hade. Dryd,

Let me march their leader, not their prince ;
And at the head of your renown'd Cydonians
Brandifij this fword. Smith.

2. To play with ; to flourilh.

He, who (h;ill employ all the force of his reafon
only in brandijhing of fyllogifms, will difcover very
lit.le. Ltcle.

Bra'ndling. »./. The name for a par-
ticular worm.

The dew-worm, which fome alfo call the lob-
worm, and the brandfing, are the chief. Wahtn,

Bra'ndv. ». /. [contrafted from brande-
luine, or burnt luine.] A ftrong liijuor
diftilled from wine.

If your mailer lodgcth at inns, every dram of
brandy extraordinary that you drink, raifeth hia
charaSer. Sici/i's Footman.

Bra'ndy-wine. The fame with ^»-/i«<^.

It has been a common faying, A hair of the
fame cog ; and thought that brandy-wine is a
common relief to fuch. Wijeman^

BRA'NGLE. n.f. [uncertainly derived.]
Squabble ; wrangle ; litigious conteft.

The payment of tytncs is lubjeft to many
frauds, brangles, and other difficulties, not only
from papifts and difTcntcrs, but even from thofe
who prijjfefs themfelves proteftants. Smifr.

To Bra'ngle, "v. n. [from the noun.]
To wrangle ; to fquabble.

When jiolite convcrfing (hall be improved, com-
pany will be no longer peftercd w:th dull ftiry-
tcllcrs, nor brangl.ng difputers. Swift.

Bra'nclement. n.f. [from brangU.']
TIic fame with branch.

B R A N K . n.f. Buckwheat, or brank, is a
grain very ufeful and advantageous in
dry barren lands. Mortimer.

Bra'n.mv. «(^'. [from ^r/j».] Having the
appearance of bran.

BRA

BRA

BRA

It became ferpiginom, and was, when I (aw it,
ttfvcred with white branny fcales. IViffnijr..

Bra'sen. adj. [from brafs,'^ Made of
bra/s. It is now lefs properly written,
according to the pronunciation,- brazen.
Bra'sier. II. f. [U cm bra/s.']
1. A manufafturer that works in brafs.

There is a fellow foraewhat near the door, he
Ihould be a trajirr by his face. Sbaktffeart.

Braftin that turn andirons, pots, kettles, (§c.
have their lathe maJe different from the common
turners lathe. Moxon.

%. A pan to hold coals, [probably from
embrafer, Fr.]

It is thought they had no chimneys, but were
warmed with coats on brajitri. ^rbutbnot.

Brasi'l. In./. An American wood,
Brazi'l. i commonly fiippofed to have
been thus denominated, becaufe firft
brought from Brafil : though Huet fliews
it had been known by that name many
years before the difcovery of that coun-
try ; and the beil fort -comes from Fer-
nambuc. It is ufed by turners, and
takes a good polifh ; but chiefly in dy-
ing, though it gives but a fpurious red.

Chambers.

BRASS. »./. [bpaj-, Sxx. pres, Wellh.]

1 . A yellow metal made by mixing cop-
per with lapis calamiaaris. It is ufed,
in popular language, for any kind ot
metal in which copper has a part.

Brctfs is made of copper and calaminaris. Bacon,
Men's evil manners live in brafi^ their virtues

We write in water. ^ bakLfj>faru

Let others mold tile running mafs

Of metals, and inform the breathing brafs. Vryd.

2. Impudence.

Bra'ssin ESS. ».yr [from ^ffl^.] An ap-
pearance like brafs ; fome quality of
brafs.

Br a'ssy. adj. [from brafs.]

1. Partaking of brafs.

The part in which they lie, is near black, with
fome Iparks of a hraffj pyrites in it. WoDdiuard.

2. Hard as brafs.

Loflirs,
Knough to prefs a royal merchant duwo.
And pluck commifeiation of his ftate
From brajT) bofoms, and rough hearts of flint.

Sbaltrffeare.

^. Impudent.

lil.i.i.T.farucip. adj. [from^wr/?.] Burft ;
broken. Obfoieie.

There creature never part,
That back returned without heavenly grace,
But dreadful furies which their chains have brajit
And damned fprights fent forth to make ill men
agall. Sfcnftr.

Erat. n./. [its etymology is uncertain;

bpart, in Saxon, fignifies a blanket ;

from which, perhaps, the modern figni-

iication may have come.]
I. A child, fo called in contempt.

He leadi tii'.m like a thing
Made by fome other deity than nature,
That Ihapcs man better; and they follow him,
Againft us bratt, with no lets confidence.
Than boys purfuing fummer butterflies. Shaktff.

This bral is none of mine !
Hence with it, and, together with the dam.
Commit them to the 6:e» Shakiff:cart.

The friends, that got the brats, were poifon'd
(00 ;
In this fad cafe what could our vermin de >

Rojiimm'jn.

Jupiter fummoncd all the birds and beads before
him, witli their brjts and little ones, to fee whicij
of them had the prettieft children. ■ UEjirangt.

I (hall live to lee the invifible lady, to whom 1
was obliged, and whom I never beheld lince fiie was
a brat in hanging-ficcves. Sivift.

1 give command to kill orfave.

Can grant ten thoufand pounds a-ycar.

And make a beggar's brat a peer. Sivift.

2, The progeny ; the oiFspring.

The two late confpiracies were the brats and
offspring of two contrary ladiions. South.

Brava'do. n. /. [from bra<vada, Span.]
A boaft ; a brag.

Spain, to make good the bravado,
Names it the in-.inciblc Armado. Anonymous.

BRAVE, adj. [braw, Fr.]

1 . Courageous ; daring ; bold ; generous ;
high-fpirited.

An Egyptian foothfaycr made Antonius believe,
that his genius, which otlierways was brave and
confident, was, in the pretence of Odtavius Caefar,
poor and cowardly. Bacon.

From armed fees to bring a royal prize.
Shows your b^O've heart viilorious as your eyes.

IVaUcr.

2. Gallant ; having a noble mien 5 lofty ;
graceful.

I'll prove the prettier fellow of the two,
And wear my dagger with a travcr grace. Shak.

3. Magnificent ; grand.

Rings put upon his fingers,
And brave attendants near him, when he wakes ;
Would not the beggar then forget himfelf? Siat.

But whofoe'er it was nature dcfign'd
Firll a ^ri.v« place, and then as brave a mind.

Denbam.

4. Excellent ; noble : it is an indetermi-
nate word, ufed to .exprefs the fupera-
bundancc of any valuable quality in
men or things.

Let not old age difgracc my high defirc,
O heavenly foul, in human Ihapc contain'd !
Old wood inflim'd doth yield the bravc/f fire,
When younger doth in fmokc his virtue fpend.

Sidney.

If there be iron ore, and mills, iron is a brave
commodity where wood aboundeth. Bacon.

If a ftatefman has not this«fcience, he muft
be fubjcft to a brai'cr man tiian himfelf, whofe
province it is t<) dire ^ all his anions to this end.

Viz'-y
Brave, n. /. [brat-e, Fr.]

1. A heftor ; a man daring beyond decen-
cy or difcretion.

Hot braves, like that, may fight, but know not
well
To manage this, the laft great (lake. Dryden.

Mofat '5 too infolent, too much a Iravi,
His courage to his envy is a Have. Orydcn.

2. A boaft ; a challenge ; a defiance.

There end thy bra-ve, and turn thy face in peace i
We grant tlwu canft outfcold us. Shakcfpeare.

To Brave, t). a. [from the noun ]

1 . To defy ; to challenge ; to fet at de-
fiance.

He upbraids lago, that he made him
Brave me upo-i the watch. Shahff>care.

My nobles leave me, and my (late is bravd,
Ev'n at n>y gates, with ranks of foreign powers.

ShakiJ^eare.

The ills of love, not thofe of fate, I fear ;
Thefc I can brave, but thofe I cannot bear. Dryd.

Like a rock unmov'd, a rock that brjvjs
"^hc raging tepipell, and the riling w-avcs. Dryden.

2. To carry a boading appearance of.

Both particular pcrfons and fa^ions arc apt
enough to flatter themfeivcs, or, at leafl, to breve
that which they believe not. Bacon.

Bra'vely. ad'v. [from bra've.] In a
br%ve manner; courageoufly ; gallant-
ly ; fplendidly.

Martin Swart, with his Germans, performed
bravely. Bacon.

No lire, nor foe, nor fate, nor night.
The Trojan hero did affright.
Who bravely twice renew'd the light. Denham,

Your valour bravely did th' affault fuftain,
And fiU'd the motes and ditches with the (lain.

Drjdin,
Bra'verv. n./. [from braoje.]
I . Courage ; magnanimity ; generofity ;
gallantry.

It denotes no great bravery of mind, to do that
out of a dcfire of fame, which wc could not be
prompted to by a generous palllon for the glory of
him that made us. * SpeBator*

Juba, to all the bravery of a hero.
Adds fofteft love, and more than female fweetnefs,

Add'fon.

z. Splendour ; magnificence.

■Where all the bravery that eye may fee.
And all the happincfs that heart dcfire,
Is to be found. Spenfcr,

3. Show; oilentation.

Let princes choofe minifters more fenfiblc of
duty than of riling, and fuch as love bufinefs, ra-
ther upon confcicnce than upon bravery. Bacon,

4. Bravado ; boaft.

Never 'could man, with more unmanlike bra-
very, ufe his tongue to her difgrace, which lately
had fung fonnets of her praifes. Sidney,

For a bravery upon this occafion of power, they
crowned their new king in the cathedral church of
Dublin. Bacon,

There are thofe that make it a point cf bra-
very, to bid defiance to the (ra:Ics of divine reve.
lation. VEftrange,

Bra'vo. n.f. [bra-vo, Ital.j A man who
murders for hire.

For boldncfs, like the bravoes and banditti, is
feldom employed, but upon dcfperate fcrvices.

Government of the Tongue*
No bravoes here profefs the bloody trade.
Nor is the church the murd'rer's refuge madc-

Gcy,

To BRAWL. <v. n. \_brouiIler, or braukr,

^'■■]

1. To quarrel noifily and indecently.

She troubled was, alas ! that it might be.
With tti'ious, hraiulings of her parents dear. Sidney,

Here comes a man of comfort, whofe*3dvicc
Hath often ftiU'd my bratvling difcontent. Stai,

How now ? Sir John ! what, are you bratttFing
here ?
Docs this become your place, your time, your bufi-
nefs ? , Shakefpeare's Henry IV.

Their batt'ring cannon charged to the mouths.
Till their foul-fearing clamours have bratvl'ddowa
The flinty ribs of this contemptuous city. Shak,

in council ihc gives licence to her tongue.
Loquacious, brati'ling, ever in th^ wrong. Dryden.

Leave all noify coutefts, all immodeil clamours,
ij-aiu/iw^ language, and efpcclally all pcrfonal fcan-
dal and fcurrility, to the meaneft part of the vulgar
world. H^atli.

2. To fpeak loud and indecently.

His divifions, as the times <io brawl.
Are in three heads ; one pow'r againll the French,
And one againft Glendowcr. Sbakefpeare,

3. To make a noife. This is little ufed.

As he lay along
Under an oak, whofe antique root peeps out
Upon the brook that bra-wls along this wood. Shah,

Bkawl. n./. [from the verb.] Quarrel;
noife ; fcurrility.

He findcth, that controrerfies thereby arc mads
but braivls ; and therefore wilheth, that, in fomJ
lawful ad'embly of churches, all thefc ftrifcs may
be decided. Hooker,

Never fince that middle fummcr's fpring
Met wc on hill, in dale, forcft-, or mead,
But with thy bratvts thou hall difturb'd our fpott.

Sbakefpeare..
F f • That

BRA

Th»t bonnm is an anlnislj
MiJe good wuh llout iDlcmick hratv!. TfaMres.

Bra'wler. »./. [from ^ivm'/.] Awrang-
•Icr ; a quarr elfome, noify fellow. "

An advocate may incur the cenfute of the court,
for being tbraivkr in court, on pur(>ofe ti> lengthen
out the caufe. Aylifff.

BRAWN. »./ [of uncertain etymology.]

1. The flelhy er mufculous part of the
body.

The brawn of the arm tcm\ appear full, (h.i-
liowed on one Cdej tiica fliew tiic wiiiKbone
thereof. Piacham.

Bat moft theirlooks on the black monarch bend,
His fifing mulcles and his irawB commend j
His double biting ax, and beamy fpcar,
■ Each afking a gigantick force to rear. Dryden.

2. The arm, fo called for its being muf-
culous.

J'll hide my filver beard in a gold beaver,
And in my vantbracc put thiswichcr'd bratvn.

' . ^ Staktjfcrc,

I had purpoie
Once more to hew thy target from thy kraien.

• Shaiclfeare.

3. Balk; mufcular ftrength.

The boift'rous hasds are then of ufo, when I,
With this dircfling head, thnfe hands apply ;
Braicn without brain is thli:e. DryJeti.

4.. The ilefh of a boar.

The bi-ft age for thetoar is fro.Ti two to five
' Jeats, at which time it is bed to geld him, or fcil
■ 'film for bratvn, Ahrtimer.

5. A boar.

Bra'wner. n.yl [from^-«w».] A boar
killed for the table.

At Chrirtmas time be careful of your fame.
See the old tenant's table be the fame ;
Then if you would fend up ihcbraivr.er head,
Sweet roicmary and bays around it tpre.id. ^'"S*
Bra'wniness. »./ [from irarvfiji, ]
Strength ; hardnefs.

This bramninejs ani infenfibility of mind, is the
beft armour againft the common evils and acci-
dents of life. Lmkc.
Bra'vvny. adj. [from brazvn.'\ Mufcu-
lous ; flelhy; bulky; of great mufclcs
and llrength.

The irazony fool, who did his vigour biad,
la that prefuming confidence was loll. DryJcn.

The native energy
Turn* all into the fubftancc of the tree,
S:arves and de.ltoys tlie fruit, is only made
For brJivny bulk, and for a barren (hade. IJryilcn.

To BRAY. I", a. [bpacan. Sax. hraier,
Fr.] To pound, or grind fmall.

I'll burft him ; I will iray
His bones as in a mortar. Chapman.

Except you wou'.d bray Chriftendom in a mortu,
and mould it into a new parte, there is no polTibi-
Mty of a holy war. Bacm.

To Br AY. f. n. [iroire, Fr. barrio, Lat.]

1. To make a noife as an afs.

Laugh, and they

Return it 1 -uder than an afs can bray. Dryicr.,

'Agad if he Ibould hear the lion roar, he'd

cudgel him into an afs, and, to bis primitive Iray-

ing. Congrfve^

2. To make an offenfive, harlh, or difa-
greeable noifcj

What, (h»U our feaft b« kept with flaughter'd
, oien^' , . : I

Shall Irayhe trumpets, and loud churlilh drum;,
Clamours of hell, be meafurcs to our pomp? Siai.

Arms on armour clalhing, bray'il
H.)rriWe difcord. Milun.

Brav. >;./. [from the verb.]
• Voice of an afs.
i. Harlh found.

B R E

Boift'rous untun'd drums.
And harflj refounding trumpets dreadful bray.

Sttkiheerc,
BRA'yER. n. /, [from iray.'\

1. One that brays like an afs. ; '

Hold ! cr.ed the queen ; a cat-&aU ejich fliall
win ;
Equal your merits, equal is your din !
But, that this well-difputed game may end,
Sound forth, my irayers! and the welkin rend.

Pefe.

2. [With printers ; from Tc hrny, or beat.l
An inftrument to temper the ink.

To Braze, "v. a. [from braj's.']

1 . To folder with brafs.

If the nut be not to be call in brafs, but only
hath a worm brazed into it, this nicencfs is not fo
abfolutely neceffary, bccaufe that worm is firft
turned up, and bowcJ into the grnives of the fpin-
dle ; and you may tiy that before it is braze,! ip
the nut. Mi-xcn.

2. To harden to impudence.

I have fo often bluflied to acknowledge him,
that now 1 am lirax'J to it. Stattfi, King Lear,

If damned ciiftom hath not b'raz'J it fo.
That it is proof and bulwark againft fenfe. Siak.
Bra'zen. at/J. [from brafs.']

1. Made of brafs. It was anciently and
properly written brafen.

Get alfo a fmall pair oi brazin compalTes, and a
fine ruler, for taking the diftance. Pe^icham.

A bough his brazen helmet did fuftain ;
His heavier arms lay fcatter'd on the pl.iin. Dryd.

2. Proceeding from brafs : a poetical ule.

Trumpeters,
With brazen din bbft you the cit)''s ear,
Make mingle with your rattling tabourines. Shai
Impudent.

B R E

,4. The violation of a law or cpntraft. .^^

That uath. would fure contain them grc.iOy, «».
thiB*i»-*f/i of it bring ihem to fliorter vengeanc*. i
,;••'■.,'! • / . , - • ., ■ . . Sfnjir.

Whit fir« thofe brtachei of (he Uw.of nature and
liations, wliicli do foifeit all right in a nation to-

g!vern !

Bacon.

3

'7e Bra'zen. w.n. To be impudent j to

bully.

Wlien I reprimanded him for his tricks, he
would talk fiu-ily, lye, and brazen'tx. out, as if he
had done nothing amifs. Arbutbncl,

Bra'zenface. ?/. /. [from bra.%i.n and
face.] An impudent wench : in low
language.

You do, if you fufpcft me in any diflionefty. —
Will faid, irflWff/Jrir J hold it out. Shakrjftare.

Bra'zenfaced. adj. [ from braxcnface. ]
Impudent ; fhamelefs.

What a braxafaced varlet art" .thou, to deny
tV)U krtoweft me ? Is it two days ago, fince I tript
up thy heels, and beat thee before the king ?

Shaiif^fare.

Quick-witted, braxtnfac'd, with fluent tongues,
Paiient of labours, and diffembling wronri. Dryd.

Bra'zenness. n./. [from braxen.]

1. Appearance like brafs.

2. Impudence.

Bra'zier. »./ SeeBRAsrER.

The halfpence and farthings in England, if you

(hciuld fell them to the brazier, you would not lofe

above a penny in a (hilling. Umifi.

Breach. »./ [irctm breai ; breche, Fr.]

1 . The aft of breaking any thing.

■ This tempeft
D ifliing the garment of t^is peace, aboded
The fuJden triach on't. ' Staiejftari.

2. Th? fta?e of being broken.

, , , O y ju kind gods !,
Cure this great irea.h in his ahufod n.iture. Skji.

3. A gap in a fortification made by a
battery. ■ : i' - , ■ *■■ ■/■• • -

The wall was bhwti upiti twophct* } by v»hich
hch the Turks feeking" to have entered, made

brh

Knolku

bloody fight.

Till mad wifii rags upon Jthe hr'ach he fir'd.
Slew friends- and foes, and in tlje iidoke retired.

Breieb of duty towards our neighbours, ftill in-
volves in it a irwriof duty towards God. South.

The laws of the ^ofptl arc the only ftanding
rules of morality j aad the penalties affixed by
God to xht breach of thofc laws, the only guards
that can eft'cclually relirain mfn within th': true
bounds of decency and virtoc. Rigers*

J. The opening in a cball.

But th' heedful boatman ftrongly forth did
ftretch
His brawny arms, and all his bidy ftrain ;

That th' utmoft fandy breach they fhortly feCch^
While the dread danger does behind remain.

Sptnfer.

6. Difference; quarrel ; feparation ' of
kindriefs. ' ' ,'"

It would have' been -long fcfefore the jealoufies
and i-Kflfirt between the armies would have bten
compofed* Clarendon.

7. Infraftion ; injury.

Tills breach upon kingly power was wicl«5ut
precedent. Clarendon.

BREAD. «./ [bpiob, Saxon.]
.. Food made of ground corn.

Mankind have found the me:ins to make grairt

into bread, the lighteft and propcreft ailment fur

- human bodies.. Jirbuthcot.

Bread, that decaying man with ftrength fupplics ;

And generous wine, which thoughtful forrow flics.

Pope.

I. Food in general, fuch as nature re-
quires : to get bread, implies, to get
fufiicient for fupport without luxury.

In the fweat of thy face /halt tliou eat bread.

GenijU.

If pretenders were not fiipperted by the fimpii-
city of the inqv.ifitive fools, the trade would rot
find them bread. VEpange.

This dowager, on whom my tal? 1 found,
A fimple fober life in patience led.
And had but juil enough tj buy her bread. Dryd

When I fubtnit to fuch iadigmtics.
Make me a citizen, a fenator of Rome;
To fell my country, with my Voice, for irc-d.

Philips.

I neither have been bred a fcholar, a foldier,
nor to any kind of bufinefs ; this creates uneafiiieis
in lov mind, fearing I ihall in time want bread.

S/^eflatcr.

3. Support of life at large.

God is pleafed to try our patience by the in-
gratitude of tfiofe who, having eaten of our bread,
have lift up themfelvcs againft us. ATwi; Cbaria.
But fjnictimes virtue ftarves, while lice is fed ;
What thert .' is the reward of virtue bread f Pope.
BREAD-cnrP?ER. v.f. [from bread mdi
chip.] One that chips bread ; a baker's
fervant ; an under butler.

No abufe, H.d, on my honour; no abufc.— —
•N-it to difpraife me, and call mc pantler, and
tread-ehipper, an.l 1 know not v/hat i Sialfpeiire.

Bread-corn. »./ [from ^rt^^/ an J ;»/■«.]
Corn of which bread is made.

Tht re was not one drop of beer in the town ;
iSe bread, and bread-corn, fuffic.-d not for fi.t
days. Hayward.

When it is ripe they gather it, and, biuifing
it among ifead-corn, they put i: up into a ve:icl,
and k«ep it as food for their flavcs. Sroon,c.

Bread-room. n.f. [In a (hip.] Apart
of the hold feparatcd by a bulk-head
from the reft, where the bread and bif-
cuit for tUe men are kept.

Breadth.

B R E

Breadth, n.f. [from bpab, broad, Sax-
on.] The meafure of any plain fuper-
iicies from fide to fide.

There is, in T'cimim, a church that hstli
w'.odoMiS only from .ib ve; it is in length an
bundrmi feet, in bretjf* twenty, and in hei^h:
near fiftj- ; hjving a dojr in tlie midft. B^ccn.
The river Ganges, according unto later icla-
t'ons, if not in l;ngth, yet in oriadlb and deptli.

mjy excel it.

Brt/wrl.

Then »l! approach the (lain with vaft furprize,
Admire on what a triaJih of earth he lies. Dyd.
In our G-.thick cathedrals, the narrownels of
the arch makes it rife in height j the I-^nnefs
opens it in lreiid:h* j^Jif^Jan,

To BREAK, o). a. pret. I broke, or brcde ;
part. paff. broke, or broken, [bfieccan,
tjaxon.]

1. To part by violence.

When I trite the five loaves among five thou-
fand, how many bafluts of fragments took ye ap ?

Mark.

Let us hfeak thc'r bands afunder. and caft away

their cnrds from us. Pjalmi.

A bruifcd reed ihall he not break, Ijaiab*

Sef , faid the fire, how foon 'tis done j
The fticks he then inie one fcy one :
So ftroag you'll be, in f.iendniip tied}
So quickly broke, if you divide. S'zviji.

2. To burft, or open by force.

O could we i^rcjk our way by force 1 AUhm.

Mote tell us, that the fountains of the eaj Ji
were bicke open, or clove afunUcr. Burnetii Thtcry,

Into n".y hand he forc'd the tempting g'/ld,
Whiiel with mode(lftruf,glingirij«'chl'i holJ. Gay.

3. To pierce ; to divide, as light divides
darknefs.

By a dim winking lamp, which feeb'.y brzU
Tlie gloomy vapour, he lay ftretcb'd aiong. J)ryi/.

4. T» deilroy by violence.

This is the fabtick, which, when Gcd brialiiL
down, none can build up again. Burrtt^s Theory.

5. To batter ; to make breaches or gaps
in.

I'd give bay Curta!, and his furniture.
My roouth no .-nore were broken than thefe boys.
And w:it at little Rtard. Shakt/feart,

6. To crnih or deftroy the ftrength of the
body.

O father abbot !
An old man, bnlen with the flormt of ftatc,
Is come to lay his weary b-jnes amon^ ye;
Ci« him a little earth for charity. Shakeffiare.

The bre.iking of that parliament
Brcke him; as that diih-incft vifloiy
At Charronta, fatal tj liberty,
Kiird with report that old man elo(;uent. Milron.
Have not fome of hit vices wcakcn'd h'.s bjdy,
and i>rokt hi» health I have not others diflipated
his eftate, and reduced him to want ? Tilieijin.

7. To fink or appal the fpirit.

The defeat of that day was much greater than
it then appeared to be; and it even broke the heart
of his army. Clarendon.

I'll brave her to her face ;
I'll give my anjer its free courfe againd htr:
Thou flialt fee, Phosnix, how I'll brtak her pride.

Piil:l>.,

8. Tocra.Ti; to Ciatter.

Your hopcj wiihuuc arc vanlOi'd into frnokc ;
Yi ur captains lak^n, and yiur armie . broke. Dry J.

9. To weaken tlje mental faculties.

Oppicft niture flctps:
This refl mi^ht ;et have balm'a ihyirB^ra ferf;^!,.
Which, if c'.r.vrniency will not allow.
Stand ir. hard cure. Sbakrfftcre.

U any cabbter in poetry darei venture upon the
experiment, i-.r v«ill on.y buak his brains, helton.

10. To tame ; to tram to obedience ; to
enure to dotiiity.

What boots ;t to Inak a colt, a..d to let him
ftfs'^ht run icole at undom! !>j^ir,j<r.

B R E

Whyt!icu thou can'ft not break hei to tl-.elute.—
Whv, no i for Ae hath br^ie the In e to mc. Sbak.

So fed before he 's irch, he 'il bear
Too great a ftomach patiently to feel
The !a:h;ng wii p.orche-.v the curbing fteel. M.iy-

That hot-miuth'd bead that bears igainft the
curb,
Hard to be iroien even by lawful kings. DryJeti-

No fports hue what belong to v.\u they know,
To break the ftubborn colt, t.) bend the bow. Dry J.

Virtues like thefe
Make human nature Aine, reform the foul.
And break our fierce barbarians intomen. yiddifin.

Behold young Juba, the Numidian prince,
With how much care he lorms hinifelf to glory,
And breaks the fiercenefs of his native temper!

Md'fin.

11. To make bankrupt.
The king's grown bankrupt, like a hroken man.

ahakejpeare.

For this few know themfelves T for inercliwts

broke

View theireftate with difcontentand pain. Davits.

With arts like thef? rich Matho, when he fpeaks,

Attrafls all fees, and little lawyers breaks. DryJtr..

A command or call to b? liberal, all of a fudden

impoveriOies the rich, breaks the merchant, and

ihuts up every private man's exchequer. Soittb.

12. To dilcard ; to difmifs.

I fee a great officer broken. Stv'iff.

13. To crack or open the flcin, fo as that
the blood comes.

She could have run and waddled all about, even
the day before /he broke her brow ; and then my
hulbmd took up the child. Shakiffcare.

W:ak fiul ! and blindly to deftruflion led:
She break her heart ! ihe'U fooncr break your head.

Drydcn.

14. To make a ftvelling Or impofthumc
open.

15. To violate a contraft or promife.

Lovers break not hours,
Unlefs it be to come bcfnre ihcir time. Shakff>.

Pardon this fault, and by my foul I fwcar,
I never more will break an rath with thee. Shak.

Did not out worthies of the houfe,
Bcf ire tliey brcke the peace, bieak vows .' Hud'ibras.

16. To infringe a law.

Unhappy man ! to break the pious laws
Of natuiT, pleading in his children's caufe. Dryd.

17. To Hop ; to. make ceafe.

Break iheir talk, miifrcfi Quickly; my kinf-
man fhall fpeak for Eimf-lf. Stakeffeare.

18. To intercept.

Spirit of wine, mingled with common water,
yet (o as if the firiV fall bs i/ :!<■», !>y means o(
a fop, or otherwife, it ftayeth above. Bacon.

Think not my fenfe of virtue is fo fmall ;
I'll rather Isap down fitft, and break your fall.

Dryden.

As one condemned to leap a precipice.
Who fees before bis eyes the depth below,
Stof! (hort, and looks about for fome kind flirub,
'I'o Lreak his dreadful fall. Dryden.

She held my hand, the deftin'd blow to break,
Then from her tofj lips bi-g m to fpcak. D<ydcn.

19. To interrupt.

Some folitary cluifter will I choofe,
Co;rre my attire, and Ihort fliall be my (Isep,
Br lie by the melancholy midnight bell. Dryden. ,

The fatlicr wai fO moved, that he could only
command his voice, broke with fighs and fjbbin^s,
fo far »a to bid lier proc-ed. Addijan.

The p-)0r (hade (biv'ring ftands, and mull not
br.ik
His painful filente, till the mortal fpeak. Tiekell.

Sometimei in brcken words he ligh'd his care,
Look'd pale, and trcmbkd, when he vicw'd th?
fair. Gay.

20. To feparate company.

Did tu)t Paul ami Barnabas difpute with that
vehemence, that they were forced to brtak com-
pany ? Arn-bury.

BR E

21. To JliTolve any union.

It is great folly, as well as injuftic", to iri-.i*
oi>*fo noble a relation. C'Jiler.

22. To reform : with of.
The French were not quite broken 0/ it, until

feme time after they bccai-nc Chriilians. Grew*

23. To open fomething new ; to pro-
pourtd fomething by an overture : as if
a leal were opened.

When any new thing (hall be propounded, no
counlVllcr ihould uiddenly deliver any po(iti\'C opi-
nion, but only hear it,- and, at the moft, but ta
break it, at fir!>, that it may be the better undcr-
ftjod at the next meeting;. Baccn.

1, who much dcfir'd to know
Of whence (he was, yet fearful ho*,v to break
My niind,adventur'd humblythus to fpeak. Dryd.

24. To break the back. To llrain or diflo-
cate the vertebrx with too heavy bur-
dens.

I'd rather crack my finews, break my back,
Than you Ihould fuch difhonour undergo. Shak.

25. To break the back. To difable one's
fortune.

Q many
Have broke their backs with laying manors on 'em.
For this great journey. Sbakefprare.

26. To break a deer. To cut it up at table.

27. To break faji. To eat the iiril time
in tlie day.

28. To break ground. To plough.
When the price of corn fallcth, men generally

give over furplus tillage, and b^eak no more grour.d

than will ferve to fupply their own turn. Carciu.

Th= hiilb.indman muft fiiftirirfl/! the land, before

it be made capable of good feed. Dat'ls.

29. To break ground. To open trenches.

30. To break the heart. To deftroy \vith
grief.

G iol ray lord, enter here. •

— W.U 't break my heart?

I'd ravhcr break mine v^vn. Shakefpeare*

Should not all relations bear"a part ?
It were cnnugh to break a Jingle heart. Dryden.

3 1. To break a jeft. To utter a jefl unex-
pefted.

32. To break the neck. To lux, or put out
the neck joints.

I had as lief thou dldll break his neck, as his
fingers. Shakejpeare.

33. To break off. To put a fudden ftop ;
to interrupt.

34. To break off. To preclude by fome
obllacle fuddenly interpofed.

To check the itarts and (allies of the foul.
And break off M its c-jmmerce with the tongue.

Add:{or.:

35. To break up. To diflblve ; to put a
fudden "end to.

Who canmt reft till he good fellows (5nd ;
He breaks uf houfe, turns out of doors his mind.

Herbert.

He threatened, that the tradefmen would beat
out his teeth, if he did not retire, and break up the
meeting. Arbuihnot.

36. Tt break up. To open ; to lay open.
SlioUs being lodged amongft mineral matter,

when this co-ncs to be broke »/•, it exhibits im-
ptclTiins of tlie (hcIU. JVocdioard.

37. To break up. To feparate or dilband.
Alter taking the ftrong city of Belgrade, Soly-

man, returning to Confiantinople, broke up his
aimy, and there lay ftiU the whole year following.

Knollet,

38. To break upon the ivheel. To punifh
by ftrctching a criminal upon tl\e wheel,
and breaking his bones with bats.

39. To break injind. To give vent to wind
in the body.

To

SRB

mitE

BUB

MM^M^w^w^ 111* .

T^iMikat*

» k» «k

kitZtt

k'sar twk^Qi^kK^htwit**

ft^l^WC

»^T^

a^T^

«»^T^ftt«st$ «»Wfiiwit«»

1»*i«*^o>>!<>q><rf><HBM>iniiiii,^»

»>

lilt Jim i^^iw >»Ht

JtalMHi^ «MM « vkMWK |hl)»

t4.r*

«4* wqt ite* vkw :Ad£ •»-

^«A«>»^ l^Mlimilty.

*-■ -

f^i-iirtfiJ-^i-

tX-^

D R E

Invtni funic >) I piclontt

To jlrnfl wi/i n. firm, Viyim-

t6. h in to be ohfcrved of titii •xtcnfivc
ami prrjilexcd ■vtib, th«t in nil iti (ij{-
iiiltciiiioiis, wlicth«r tt^ivt or muirnl, il
h.ti fome rcftTciK'o to it» primiiii'f
ni<Miiin>;, hy iniplyiii); riilicr ilrcriinctit,
liKlJcniicb, viiilriitr, i)r li'^t wntioit. 1(
is ulcd oltrn with uJJitioiinl partklri,
*/>, <)«/, in, tiff, forth, to modify iti fijj
nirication.
BmiAK. «f./. [from the verb.]
I. Si:ite orbeiii); Tiroken i openinjt-

y'Kini ilw />r/ii> /I Jay until iiuun, llio rniiiMi

B R E

of llx-

.'.:|. *-"./.'.'

\m ,

! hrttk of day, tlir i< '

M ■.. 1

, , , (orlli WHioiiK. ''■ '

' t>r 6,imn it'im lit, aiitl wlih'iui

/.

il tlir mi!ti-l>l'y of llnft, DiyilfM,

.Jill i< not

1

/'/f#iif and

"1" > '

, uir ..,...>! ^ Ml ..(..• .-. ^M.M.l It. AJHIJMI,

A paufe ; an interruption.

A 1)1

A line drawn^ noting that the fenfe ifi
fufpcnded.

Ml miMlrrn tralh It

Siulfi

3

All miMlrrn trafli U
S't Tarth witli num'rjui kriakt ind ilalliXi

BitE'Aiciiii. «./ [from ^r/ai(.]
I. He that breaki any thing.

Cardmal, III be no iiiahir n\ ili< law. Sliti,
U Ilw church*! wcia nut «in|il'i)rcd t<i b< pla'fi

to hear Ocxl'i law, ihare would li« nod of limn.

to b< prifoni (or lh( irttttri u( tli* Uwi of inm,

t. A wave broken by rockier r>ndbanki :

a term ol navigation,
Ta Baa'AKfAtr. v. a, [from I'fmk and

f'ljl.] To eat the firrt meal in the day.

Ai Toon a* Phwl. , ,

Pirrt, Sir, I rear), ,, pritr,

Baa'AKfAiT. n. J. i^ii.xii .11^, «cib.]
I. The ftrft meal in the day.

Th' -tikr wa< ttirtatjuji, (b< lift of hit rr
pal), in tl< 1 wofM. Wtllai.

X. 'I he tiling eaten ae the firll meal.

Hof€ M a foo4 krtttj»p, b«t It 1« a k«4 fup-

p«r. 4«/M.

A K>y>d pi'M of kMa4 wovU ht •Am th« l>>ri
triakfa/l t .r mjymiaf rntttm, Ltit/.

'if food in general.

UAxti hy t T'ln^ry linn,

, mi 4' I'll,
I ;rfr».

B». ...*.]

/' ine neck it broken ( a

1' ^ , ^ . ii.igering ihe B«ck.

Ihm*
9nt<»kt 'tc T/nrf ; l« «• '■ w •«, i* ttruin
To m^ ■ ihghfbtsf.

Bait'A/ . «. /. [ffOm Brta* *t\i

fromitt.] One tlMU aukc* a practice of
brcaicMf Ma prMUft.

I trill dCMb ;•• iM aMt arixWeri irut/^t-
mfy Mid tfw <«•• fcMlOW Ivrrr. Utttff'"-

it f Arrow ' i' " ' ' r'tii Mndve^.]
Me i)a' ; ich of tow*.

'IImI #»it b'tat'^^rvi, I-* v.Ji wfitf of all.

Of Jdaf^ •/ kfffaM, «M *aM, f«Mf aMm mai^ -. ■

Bicam. *. /, (^Mw, fr, tjprinui Itiiui,
\m.\ 'JIm mm «f a AOi.

7 " ivtfaa, »•!»( a* (•» (fMrdt, t< t l*r(( fi ')> ,

Utk t» faM !• yoiMi. fUkf kf Oifinr, twkm u,
W aMM •<#«••( dtM wt»i(WMH. tU U ^mt '"»
fMalncf t«i >a»«<« mmthfif in a maw iImi
ftafo Mf aatf i« aMay fMW A> M a* (• vrar-

I.

1. 1

lu. ki
li'inif,
I'l ha

l"K« ■

.\

\'
\ .

"•')'

n); ni'iuthi twn laii ol tiiitli, and a loaliiii
III hKl|> liii irrliidait. Tha mala l> ukliitnl
r ' 'III, and III* (Vniair l«u Liigr

<-■• ' ■' - .1- t,.(|ii,

IJKEAST. »./ [bneojT, Snxon.]
I, 'I'hv middle p.iri of the tiumun body,
between ilii* link and the belly.

Nil, Itaylt'lil aiigrv LoVf ii>|illi<<,
fchv'a hid r'iiin«'<'h«'<' hIviiii ihy in^^ |

A . ■ ■•: ; I, ,,!„,,

I I I. frlir.

i, ■] Ik- iliiK 1/1 t.Mn ui women which
contain ilir milk,

'1 hry pluck ilia latharlf fi tiem ika Ar/rf/,

7»/., <aiv, 9,

3. Drcall wai anciently taken for the power
of finginir.

Thi- hatlar tre0jl,
TI..I Inlhi ir(l. Tuf) tf Smplni; ll,,y,.

4. I'he pnrt of n brenll that li under ihc
neck, between the furcle((«>

5. The diTpofition of the mind,

1 n»l by waiili, or fiart, ur aga niiiirrfl,
%trm »h» ^¥l|.| forimt w'.lh a daiiiillal, irM_/i. I)ry,l,

6. 'I ' ; the confcience.

wiiiifii law, wh*f» nun* iiiiiiraft \
'I hr 1 1 » I I nan waa wrilun In lila hmH^

tJtiii OvIJ,

7. Thef-'- -' ■' •• :■ f;
Il I

Urji

mi.

(.•d,
, i„,.,fi.

i iiii

A fir wajil.

■wit

7'« RatAir. 1/,*. [from »1. r<>

meetinfroi' "rfltiubicall.

Draw lli» hug' ' I. Jill ill* furrow'd (ai,

llru/lmg ill* i"i i< ,V/,(«///.»,/)-/ I //,»r/ V,

'I ;• I,... 1. .'.*il«
Jiritfli ih» k»»(i alf, and carult aa da |/i»i. ("/»/<'/.

Bai'atTaowt. n, /. (from ^rM// and
lit)Hi.\ 'I'he bona of th« brcalt \ the Aer-
num.

'I he MIy Aail Im amlrMUt, ky A*d«w1»( th<
Aa«tk, •n4 aadtf Itw krti^hint, Vitiium.

Bat'A»TCA*K«T. H. f. (from //r/a// and
tpfitiA With marinera, the targefl and
longencafkett, which are afort r/f liringi
placed in the middle of the yard.

Baa'AtTfAtT. n.f. {from irta/l tit\A/a/l,'\
In a (hip, a rope faftened to fomc part
of her f/irward on, to jiobl h«r hea^ to
a warp, or th« like. Harrli.

Ba «'a«t M o H. aJi, [from briaft and higb,^
Up to the breau.

7 h'. ri'tr irdif (avt way Mila bar, (» lltal Am
wit Arai^hC kriajthirh. MitiiUf,

Lay RMiam FMtMt kaAi«( in tha (an,
Brufbifh la {Mkf. OrjilinU fatlii,

Bac'A«THOoie«. *. / [from triafl mA
hctk.^ With Ihipwrightt, tba compafling
timbcra bdbre, diM b«lp to ftrcMftbcD
the ten, sad all the Ibrafan of lb* flrfp.

Harm.

Bat'AiTKirOT. u. /, [from A-/^ and
kii')t.'\ A knot ot bflitck of nbbMd*
worn by women on the breaA.

Ow la^ h*>* 0Kt fttMf Iti ow mm haarta (
wlw «•« •« aatlMM fa «fc« fan* anttwwanwt*

T^ R R

lln f'AHTrt A I », M, y, (Irom ^ivij/* nml
/t/rti0, ] Armour liir the breall.

WhaUliiin(ri^iM^>/iiiriliiin K II inlf

'I'hiUa II lit aini'il, (Imi lialli hi. '

■ r '"'•

'Oalnll flilald, lirlin, tii^fliUt, and, InAaail iil

I 111 Ik,

Mva fti«i|t liiiuntli rtiiiiii Auiii llii nHI kmnk li|

iiliola. titH'Irf,

Thin " '' I iiii(iliMi will iiflni* InMi Ilia

Dxld, aiii I .iiiiiilml iillhil, liid.ir hit

vlil iiiflv , i.iHild lia liiiiuiail, and lili

iiaiknd lii<ail|iiaia iiiandadi tiwl/l,

Uaii'A«> ri.oiioM. M. t. \ttttxn brtnfi Mini
f'liii&h.] A iiKniKh uleil liir pHiliig liiif,
diiven by the breall,

'I'hi krmJIfiliHit whltli a man Ihuvat ki>riiiw
lilm. Mtnimn'i

llaa'Atraopin. «, / [fiom />ifii/t nuA
n>ff.\ 111 a Oiip, thiile rojii!* whicli
fallen iho yanU in ilic puml^, and,
with the uarielt, hold ilio ynnla Inli
to the mail. Iliinh,

liaa'Aai WON K. n, /, \(tnm iitujl mid

•\uarh, J VVdihi iliiiiwn iiji 111 hli'Ji aa ih«

brrall nl the dvtf ndaiiii | tli« luiiie with

f mufti,

HU jiihii AnioyctH iiii /"i,f/lii'nh,»ni\mt4t a

rarliiiihi Im ilin fliifi'iii (Unttmliin,

IIRKATII,«,/; till -n,]

I, The air drawn iii xnil tja^tad CjUl of
lli« body by living nnlmnla,

Whiiliai ' '

Into ilia air 1 and wh

MalMd, at Iiri0lli, Inlu Ui<< winl. Umli, Minhlk,
a, Ufa,

N'l man flat nrnra C'inl«m|>l ihaa I iit luimh \
lliil wlfiio had Ikou lh« p'lW'i t'l gl«' ni> 'Ixaili^

Ihiilm,
y The Hate or power of \)t9»lh\iiu fittm
ly ( oopolrd to lli< Kwiillilun in wiiitil t
mill la Iirr4llil('l .

Al oilixf iiin'a, h' fh« tkaaa

Of Iwill wild b«ill<, lit lull III, riol a rM«,
'1 ' tiiliit' II" hmil', larft itiiid In »tim aaoA

liaadlul.
Or tilt, by witfllini, «» wag flrong ana kaadfid,

Ufinjir,
What la inw dilfiitM* 1 tyntU.m^
—I tm il art* in tin»ik, any lord. Uhut, King Lmri
tpariia'd, lak« hnib\ fiilM raf^lia I II tMWtff
My ta«lia it m»rt tAttn'itt* than y«u( fwinH,

Oaf fwAfdi (o wfwUy did rht tul** tniplity,
That efcay, at hmfrlii tr- " — ••? " •'■"•v/ ,
k^fiit'd ill* w'/rk *> '. I kiiuih,

Mtd« Unvmi and d«l;..

UijJuft /luriiig,
4. Refptte I paiifi* i relatail/m,

Oiv* DM i/>rri' ' 'la

Hafwt X^t^.H' i i(,

), brttttt moving Ail,

VtM all 0tft*ik<m, »t4 I'll aarxl Irt AmIc
CalM m4 mmilM m » Unuiia't (a«^
WKan rrait a brmh </ wiM Itkt »'*i im (■ntv,

6.A flufle aA ( an inA ant.

V*B muftt mip artd fmif, mt, \n * knath \
Sum C«f<a lA«lit a* 4itMti,Hf (t ' K,

Baf^ATHAat.a. ar^- [komti 4

may be breathed t «», hriuthuhu mi.
Tt Ba tAinu, v, ». {tfim lirtiiih.\
1. To draw in and th/r/w Mt tl»« air b-/
the lorrgf 1 to Sofpire an4 txjii".

H* ttUf*tunf4, IM ra«< *f

™9tf l# )H# wwWHm^ MIMSffi

tat him ^«#r(ir/ kaaMaa th* b««t^a« an4 aardia
At<ifa«(a»«i«A4h«ata »M.4M.tiidCli^.

B R E

3. To take breath ; to reft.

He pielcutly tbllowc-d the \id>ory fo hot upon
the Scots, that he fuftered them not to brieihe, or
gather tbemfelim together igain.

Sfrnjtr's Stall of Irelavd.
Three times they kreatb d, and chi-ee times iu\
tlicy drink.
Upon agreement. ShoHrfftari'i Hmry IVi,"

RcH, that gives all men life, gave him his death,
And too mnch trenit'mg put him out of bicath.

Mi'i:i>.

Wlien Fr»ncc ha* ir«fi't/ after inteftine broils,

And peace and concjiicll crowa'd her foreign toils.

Sojcimmon.

4. To pafs as air.

Shall I no: then be (iilleJ in the vault.
To whole t'oul mouth uo Ixilthfome air licatlit in,
And there be ftrangled ere nif Romeo comes ?

Staiffftart-

'To Breathe, f. a.

1. To infpire, or inhale into one's own bo-
dy, and ejett or expire out of it.

They wilh to live.
Their pains and poverty dclire to bear.
To view the light of heav'n, and breaiU the vital
air. Drfitn.

They here began to hreatht a moft delicious
kind of a-thcr, and faw all the fields about them
covered with a kind of purple light. latUr.

2. To inje£l by breathing : with into.

He brtathtd inlc us the breath of life, a vital
aflive fpirit; wljcfe motions, he cxpcil^, ibnuld
own the dignity of its orIgin:i!. Dec^j tf }''uiy.

] would be ycung, be bandfime, be beJuv'd,
Could I but bnvUr myielf inro Adrartus. Drydcn.

3. To expire; to ejeft by breathing:

with out. ■ i . • •

she is called, by ancient authors, tlic, tenth;
mufi i and by Plutarch is compared to Cius,'
t'.-.e fon of Vulcan, who brealbcd out noth^g but
ti.ime. i/i.vj((./.

4. Toexercife; to keep in breath.

Thy greyhounds are as iwift as bi tailed ftiigs.

5 . To infpire ; to move or aftuate by
bre.ith.

The a;tfjl youth proceed to form the q\;ire ;
. They brtatit ti>e flute, or ilrike lb; vucal wir?.

r.ier.

6. To exhale ; to fend out as breath.

His altar /';rt:f^£'J
Ambrofial odours, and ambrofial llow'rs.

Atiltan'i Paradijt Lijl.

■7. To utter privately.

I have tow'rd lieav'n breathed a fecrct vow,
■ To live in prayer and contemplation.

Shekej'feart' i Merchant of Vettke,

■8. T« give air or vent to.

'l";u icaJy cuic to cool the raging pain,
Js underneath the foot to bnaiht a vein.

Drydin'^s y'trgit,

Bre'ather. «./ [from hreathe.]

1. One that breathes, or lives.

She fhowB a body rarhcr than a life,
A (latue than a brejttrr, Shaktjp, /Int. and Cle^p.
I will chide no bi lather in the world but myfcif.

Staktffcare.

2. One that utters any thing.

No particular fcanUal once can Couch,
But it confounds the breather.

Slak.Jjeare's Mcufurefr Meafure.

3. Infpirer ; one that animates or infufes
by inspiration.

f be breather of all life does now expire :
His milder fatliet l'u;.inir>n$ him away. Norrii.
Brb'athino. «./ [from iretJt be.]
J. Afpiration ; fecrct prayer.

Willie tohigiiheav'n h\i pin^a brejtiingt t^irn'd.
Weeping he hop'd, and ficrificing mcurb* J. /*/-;(;.

3. Breathing place ; vent.

B R E

Thewirtnth diftends the chink«, and maket
New irwr/'in^i, whence new nouriOimeni (he takes.

Dryden.

Br f/athlfss. aetj. [from brepih.']

1. Out of breatlr i fpcnt with labour.

Well knew
The prince, with patience and fofferance fiy,
So hafty heat foon cooled to fubdue j
Tho' when he breathlrji wax, that battle 'gan rc-
ne^v. Fiiiry ^lueev.

I remember, when the figlit waj done.
When 1 was dry wilh raje and extreme toil,
Sreathi'efi, and faint, leaning upon my fworJ,
Came there a certain lord. Shaki'jMare't Henry 1 V.
Many fo drained thcmfelve': m their race, that
they fell down hreaihlefs and dead. Ilayward.

Bteaibleji and tir'd, is all my fnry fpent t
Or doct my glutted fpleen at length relent K

Vryder't ^re'td.

2. Dead.

Kneeling before this ruin of fweet life.
And bicathing to this brrathlefi cxceilence
The ir.cenic of 4 \ ow, a holy vow.

Shakrffeare's King John.

YielJinj 10 the fentenCL-, brcaihlefi thou
And pal? ihaltUc, as what thou burieft now. Prkr,'
Br En. partieip. paff. [from To breed.]

Tlicir malice was bred in *hem, and th^ij co^i
tition would never be changed. Ifn/dcm, xii. 10. ,
Bkede.. n.f. SeeBRAlB.

In a curious brede of needle-work, one colour
falls away by fuch juft degrees, and another rifts
fo iiifenlibly, that we fee the variety, wirilouc being
able to dil^ngui<h the total vanilhing of the .ne
fr.ini the lirft appcarrnce of the other. AdJij'on,

BREECH. II. J. [fuppofed from bpxcan.
Sax.]

1. The lower part of the body ; the back
'part.

When tlic king's pardon was oSered by a he-
r:!uld, a le\\d bjy turned towards him his naked
breech, and ufed words fuitable to that g<:!lure.

Ifaytvard.

The ftorks devour fnakes and other fcrpcnts ;
which when they begin to creep ojt at ihc'irbreule!,
they will prefjntly clajj then) clufe to a wall, to
keep them in. Crrtv^s Mujerum.

2. Breeches.

Ah ! th.Jt thy father hiJ been fi refolv'd 1 —
—That thou m'ghtlV ftill have wjrn tlie petticoat.
And ne'er had (luru the breech nom Laiii-aHcr.

Shakcjpeii't;

3. The hinder part of a piece of ordn.ince.

So cannons, when they mount vail pitches.
Are tun.blcd back upon tiicirii^.r/r.'. ylrnyiKous.

4. The hinder part of any thing.

ro Breech, -v. a. [from the noun.]

I. To put into breeches.

z. To lit any thing with a breech ; as, to
breech a gun.

BRE'tcHEs. n.f. [bpxcSax. from bracca,
an old Gaulifn word ; fo that Skinner
imagines the name of the part covered
with breeches, to be derived from that of
the garment. In this fenfe it has no
Jingitlar,]

1. The g.trment worn by men over the
lower part of the body.

rctnicliio is coming in a new hat and an old
Jerkin, and a pair of old br.echa, thrice turned.

ShakeJ'^ Tarfihg of the iihrttv.

Rough fatires, fly rema. ks, iU-naiur'd fpeeches.
Are always aira'd at poets that wear breeehu. Prior.

Give him a fingle coat to make, he'ddo't;
A veil or breeches, fing!y ; but the brute
Could ne'er contrive all three to make a fv.ir. Kip^.

2. To wear the breeches, is to ufurp the
authority of the hiilbands.

The wire of Xaiuhjs was domineering, as if
her fiirtune, anj her extratlion, had entitled her
to thii bnieUi. L'Ejtrerge.

B R r.

To BREED, v. a. prefer. I breJ, I have
brei/. [bpa;ban. Sax.]

1. To procreate; to generate; to produce
more of the fpecies.

None fi.-rcerln Numidia bred.
With Carthage were in triumph led. Kofcummcn.

2. To produce from one's felf.

Children would breed their teeth wilh lefs dan-
get. . Lieie.

3. To occafion ; to caafe ; to produce.

Thereat he roared for exceeding pain.
That to have heard, great hoirour would havt
Ind. Fairy 5Jp(f».

Our own heart; we know, but wc are not ce. um
what hope the rites and orders of oor church have
irrrf in the hems of others. HMer.

What hurt ill company, and overmuch liberry,
brcrdeih in youth ! jffchair't SchKhnaJter,

Intemperance and luft ir«<i infirmities and dif-
eafes, which, being propagated, Ipoil the ftrain of
a nation. " Tillahit.

4 . To contrive ; to hatch ; to plot.

My (on Edgar ! had he a hand to virite th!s?a
heart and brain to brttd it in ? ^hak. King hear.

5. To give birth to; to be the native
place : fo, there are breeding ponds, and
feeding ponds.

Mr. Harding, and the worthicft divine Chrif-
tendoni hath bred for the fjiacc of fomc hundreds
of years, were brought up together in the fame
univerlity. linker.

Hail, foreign wonder !
Whom certain tliefe rough ihades did never breed.

Milttn.

6. To educate; to form by education.

Whoe'er thou arl','wh6fe forward cars ate bent
On ftate affairs, to guide the government ;
Hear firft what Socrates of old has faid
To the lov'd yjuth wliom lie at Athens I red. Dryd.

To hrtid up the fon to common fciifc.
Is ever :rote the parent's \ci<\ cxpcnce. Dryd. Juv.

And left their pillagers, tT rapine bred.
Without confroul to ftrip md fpoil the dead. Dryd.

His farm may not remove his children too far
f;om him, or the trade he breedi them up in. Lake.

7. To bring up; to take care of from in-
fancy.

Ah wretched me ! by fates avcrfc decreed
To biing thoe forth w.th pain, with caie t) breed.

Dryd.n.

8. To condud through the firlt ftages of
life.

Bred np in grief, can pie afarc be our theme ?
Our cndlcfs anguilh docs not nature claim 'i
K: afon ard furrow are to uj the fame. Frier.
To Breed, 'u. n..

1 . To bring young.

Luc'na, it feems, was bretd^ng, as flie d'd nO-
t'rjing but entertain t^". company with a dil'courfe
upon the difficulty of reckoning to a day. Sjttfffto-.

2. To be increafed by a new prodl!^!^lon.

But could youth laft, and love fti:l breed ;
Had joys n9 date, and a^c RO need ;
Then thfC; delights my mind mij it move
To live with thee, and be thy love. Raleigh.

3. To be produced ; to have birth.

Where tl-.ey nioft bieed i.i.d liaunt, 1 have ob-
ferv'd.
The air is delicate. Shakeffeare'i Macletb.

There is a wjrm th^t brciauh 111 old fnow, and
dietli foon after it cometh f^i-t ci' the fnow.

Bn.-.n'i Aatural Uijloij.

The caterpillir is one of the moft general of

worms, and breedetb of Jew and leaies. Bacctu

It hath been the g(;neral ti-a\litron and belief,

that maggots and rlies breed in putrined carcafe^.

Bc,:i!.y.

4. To raife a breed.

In tlie choiec of l^vire, choofe fuch to breed of
as arc of long laigc bodies. Alirii/n.r.

Breed, n./. [from tiie verb.]

I. A caft; a kind; a fubdivifion of fpecies.

I bfmg

B R E

I bring you v/'itatfk),
Twice fifteen thoufand hearts of England's irerj.

Shakcfpeare.

The horfes were young and handfome, and of
the beft hnal in the north. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.

Walled towns, fto^d arfenals, and ordnance ;
alt this is but a fteep in a lion's /kin, except the
irtid and difpofition of the people be ftout and
warlike. Bacon's EJJhys.

Infefliou! ftreams of crowding fins began.
And thro* the fpurious breed and guilty nation ran.

Roj'ccmmin,

Rode fair Afcanius on a fiery flecd,
Queen Dido's gift, and of the Tyrian breed. Dryd.

t, A family ; a generation : in contempt.

A coufin of his laft wife's was prcpofcd j but
John would have no more of the breed,

Arhuihmt's Biftary of J. Bull.

3. Progeny; offspring.

If thou wilt lend this money, lend it not
As to thy friend ; for when did friendthip take
A breed of barren metal of his fiicnd ?

Shjkefjfreare's Merebant sf Venice,

4. A number produced at once ; a hatch.

She lays them in ihc faiid, where tiicy He till
they arc hatched j I'ometimes above an hundred at
3 breed, Grazu,

Bre'edbate. n.f. [from breedd,nA bate.'\
One that breeds quarrels j an incen-
diary.

An honeft, willing, kind fellow, as ever fcrvant
/hall come in houfe withal ; and, I warrant you,
no telltale, nor no breedbale.

Siaieffeare's Merry Wwei cf IVuidfir,
Bre'eder. «. y; [from breed.]

1 . That which produces any thing.

Time is the nurf^ and breeder t.i all good. Shai,

•. The perfon which brings up another.

Time was, when Italy and Rome have b.-en the
beft breeders and bringers up of the worthieft men.
Ajciam's Scbiolmajler,

3. A female that is prolifick.

Get tliee to a nunnery ; why would'ft thou be a
ireedtr of finners ? Shaieffeare's Hamlit,

Here is the babe, as loathfome as a toad,
Amongft the fairefl breeders of our time.

Shikefi-eare'i Tines jlrJr'MCvi.

Let there be an hundred perfon* in London, and
as many in the country, we fay, that if tiiere be
fixty of them breeders in Londoni there arc mo.e
than Ijxty in the country. Craunt,

Vet, if a friend a night or two fliouM need her,
He'd recommcnt* 'ler at a fpecia) breeder, Pripe.

4. One that takes care to raife a breed.

The breeders of Englilh cattle turned much to

dairy, or elfe kept their cattle to Cx orfcven years

old . Temfk.

Bre'edinc. 11, f. [from Arrt</.]

\, Education; inllrudion; qualifications.

She had her breeding at my father's charge,
A poor phyficirm's daughter. Sbaketfeare.

I am a gentleman of blood and breeding.

Sbahef/ieare's King hear,

I hope to fee it a piece of none of the meaneft

ireiding, to be acquainted with the laws r.f nature.

GlanvitU't Scepjis, Pref,

2. Manners; knowledge of ceremony.'

As men of breedings fomctimes mtin of wit,
T avoid great errours, muft the lefs Commit. Pcf/e,

The Gra>:e« from the court did next provide
Srredin^^ andwit, and air, and decent pride, Swifl.

3. Nurture ; care to bring up from the
infant Aate.

Vi hy was my breeding ordcr'd and prefcrib'd,
As of a perfon fepar-itc tr> God,
Defign'd for great exploiri ? Milleti's AgeniJIet,

Breesr. n, /, [bpiof-a, Saxon.] A fling-
ing fiy ; the gadfly.

Cleopatra,
The hre'fe upon her, like a csw in June,
Hoilti fail, and fties. Sbnieff, Ant. and Cleop.

The learned write, the infeft breefe
Is b'it the mongrel ptioce of beat* Hfdibras.

Vol. J.

B R E

A fierce loud buising breefe, their ftlngj draw
blood.
And drive tlie cattle gadding through the wood.

Drydcn.

BREEZE, n.f. [^wKtf, Ital.] A gentle
gale ; a foft wind.

We find that thc:("e hotted regions of the world,
feated under the equinoctial line, or near iti are fo
refreihed with a daily gale of eaflerly wind, which
the Spaniards call brcexe, that doth ever m^re blow
ftronger in the heat of the day. Raleigh.

From land a gentle brcexe arofe by night,
Serenely Ihone the ftars, the moon was bright.
And the fea trembled with her fiU'er ligHt. Dryden.

Gradual finks the breeme
Into a perfedl calm; that not a breath
Is heard to quiver through the clofing wood.

Th^mfin.

Bre'ezy. adj. [from ireexe."] Fanned
with gales.

The feer, while zephyrs curl the fwelling deep,
Baflci on the breezy fliore, in grateful Uccp,
His oozy limbs. Pope.

Bre'hon. n. /. An Irilh word.

In tiie cafe of murderj the brcbc-nj that is, their
jud^e, will compound between tlic murderer and
the party muideied, which profecute the adtion,
that the matefa^or (hall give unto them, or to the
child or wife of him that is flain, a recompence,
which they call an criach. Spcrjcr.

Breme. adj. [fi'om bpemman. Sax. to
rage or fume.] Cruel ; Iharp ; fevere.
Not ufed.

And when the fhining fun laugheth once^
You deemen tlie fpring come at once :
But eft, when you coutit you freed from fear,
CTmes the breme winter, with chamfrcd brows,
Full of wrinkles and ftofty furrows. Sptnfer.

Brent, adj. [from bjiennan. Sax. to
burn.] Burnt. Obfolete.

What flames, quoth he, when I thee prcfent fee
In danger rather to be drcnt than brcni ? Fairy S^.

Brest, n. f. [In architeftnre.] That
member of a column, called alfo the
torus, or tore.

Brest Summers, The pieces in the out-
ward parts of any timber building, anil
in the middle floors, into which the
girders arc framed. Harris.

Bret. «. / A fifh of the turbot kind,
alfo turt or brut. Diet.

B R e' I H R e N . a. /. [The plural oi brother.]
See Brother.

All thefe iti\% are brethren to each other in
faOion, ignorance, iaiqoity, peivcrfencfs, pride.

S~JUlfl.

BREFE. n. f. [In mufick.] A note or
charafter of time, equivalent to two
meal'ures or minims. Harris.

Bre'viary. n. /. [breviaire, Fr. brc-via-
rium, Lat.]

1. An abridgment; epitome; a compen-
dium.

Crefconius, an African bilhop, has given us an

aliridgmcnt, or breviary thereof. Ayljffe,

2, The book containing the dally fervjce
of the church of Rome.

Bre'viat. n.f. [from brevis, brevio,
Lat.] A fhort compendium.

It is obvious to the ihallowcft difcourfcr, that
the whole couofel of God, as far as it is incumbrnt
for man to know, is comprifed in one breviat of
evangelical truth. Decay of Pieiy.

Bre'viature. n. J. [itam brevio, Lat.]
An abbreviation.

Brevi'er. n. J'. A particular fize of
letter ufcd in printing ; fo called, pro-
bably, from being originally ufed in I

B R I

printing a breviary .- fuch is the fmalleft
type ufed in this work, in which the
examples appear.
Bre'vity. n. /. [brcvitar, Lat.] Con-
cifenefs ; fhortnefs ; contraction into
few words.

Virgil, ftudylng brevitf, and having the com-
mand of his own language, could bring tliofe
words into a narrow compafs, which a tranflator
cannot render without circumlocutions. Dryden.
To BREW. -v. a. [hrowvL'en, Dutch ;
braiL-en, German ; bpipan, Saxon.]

1 . To make liquors by mixing feveral in-
gredients.

We have drinks alfo brnved with feveral herbt,
and roots, and fpices. Bacon.

Mercy guard me !
Hence with thy brc-a'd enchantments, foul de-
ceiver ! Milton,

2. To put into preparation.

Here's neither buih nor fhrub to bear oiF any
weather at all, and another ftorm brewing* Sbak.

3. To mingle.

Take xw^y thefe chalices ; go, bniv me a pottle"
of Ack finely. Shal-ifptare,

4. Pofe feems to ufe the wojrd indetermi-
nately.

Or brctu fierce tempefts on the wat'ry main.
Or o'er the globe diftil the kindly rain. Pope,

5. To contrive ; to plot.

I fnind it to be the molt malicious and franticle
■furmife, and the moft contrary to his nature,
tliat, I think, had ever been brewed from the be-
ginning of the world, howfoever countenanced by
a libellous pamphlet of a fugitive phyfician, even i«
print. iVotton.

To Brew. v. it. To perform the office of
a brewer.

I keep his houfe, and walh, wring, brevt, bake,
fcour, drefs meat, and make the beds, and do all
myfelf. Shakefpeare.

Brew. n. /. [from the verb.] Manner of
brewing ; or thing brev/ea.

Trial would be made of the like brcm witit
potitoe roots, or burr roots, or the pith of arti-
chokes, which are nourifliing meats. Baconm

Bre'wace. n.f. [from ^r«w.] Mixture
of various things.

Go, brew me a pottle of fack finely.
With cgg<i, fir ?
—Simple of itfclf : I'll nO' pullet-fperra in my
bre^vage. Sbakefpcare.

Bre'wer. n.f. [from bre'w.] A mam
whofe profefiion it is to make beer.

When breeders mart their malt with water.

Sbakcfpeare,
Men every day eat and drink, though I think
no man an dcmonfirate out of Euclid, or Apollo-
niuf, that his baker, or breiutr, or cook, has not
conveyed poifon into Iris nreac or drink. TVktfin.
Bre'whouse.w./. [ from bniu and houje. ]
A houfe appropriated to brewing.

In our bre^vhoujei, bakehoufcs, and kitchens,
. are made divers drinks, breads, and meats. Bacsnw

Bre'wi NO, «./. [from brevj.] Quantity

of liquor brewed at once.
A brewing of new beer, fet by old beer, makcth

it work a^ain. Bacon,

BreVu. n, f.

1. A piece of bread foaked in boiling
fat pottage, made of faked meat.

2. It feems anciently to have meant broth.

What an ocean of brewis (hall I fwim in !

Beaum. and Flctcb. Diocleftttm

Br/ar. h. /. See Brier.

BRIBE, n. f. [Bribe, in French, origi-
nally fignifies a piece of bread, and is,
applied to any piece taken frcm the
tig reft;

'BtLl

reft ; it is therefore likely, that a iriit
originally figiiified, among iw, a fhare
cf any thing unjuftlj^ got.] A reward
given to pervert the judgment, or cor-
' nipt the condacl.

You have condcmn'd and noted Lucius Pella,
For tiking kritei btte of the Sardians. Shakijf.

Noi Irfs may Jupiter to gold afcribe,
Vrhcn he turn'd liimfelf into a lriln. IViMtr.

If a man be covetous, profit! ot biitts may put
kirn to the ttft. VEJirangt.

There 's joy when to wild will you laws pr^dtibr.
When you bid fortune carry baric hi:r iribi. Dry J,

?« ButBE. V. a. [from the noun.]
I. To gain by bribes; to give bribes, re-
wards, or hire, to bad porpofes.

The gn-at, 'tis true, can ftill th" eleSing tribe ;
The bard'may fupplicatr, but c.innot ir.li.

Prologue tt> Ccod-ra:ured Mart.

Z. It is feldom, and not properly, ufed in
a good {cafe.

How pow'rful ai« chafte vows ! the wind and tide
You iriJV to combat on the Englilh fide. DryJ-

Bri'ber. «. /. [from iriii.] One that
pays for corrupt praflices.

Afieftion is. ftlU a iritcr of the judgment ; and
it is hard for k man to admit a reafon againll the
thing he loves ; or to confefs the force of an
argument againft an intereft. South.

Bri BERY. »./. [from Srile.] The crime
of taking or giving rewards for bad
praftices.

There was a law made by the Romans, againft
the bribery and extortion of the governours of pro-
vinces : before, fays Cicero, the governours did
biibe and ixtort as much as was fufiicient tor
themfelvcs ; but now they bribe and extort as
much as may be enough not only for themfclves,
but for judges, jurors', and magiltrafes. Bacon,
No tribiry of courts, or cabals of faftlons, or
advantages of fortune, can remove him from the
folid fnundations of honour and fidelity. Dryder..
BRICK, n. f. [krick, Dutch ; krlque, Fr.
according xoMenagt, from imbrex, Lat.
' '.whence Erica.']

t. A mafs of burnt clay,*fquared for the
. ufe of builders.

For whatfoever doth fo alter a body, as it re-
turncth sot again to that it was, may be called
tlttraib major : as coals made of woodpv brkks
of earth. . Bacon.

They generally gain enough by the rubbirti and
kifUhf which the prcicot architc^s value much
beyond thofe of a modern make, to d.fray the
charges of their fearch. jidJiJon.

But fpread, ray fons, yourglory thin or thick.
On paflive paper, or on folid brick. F^pc.

2. A loaf ftiaped like a brick.
To Brick, -v. a. [from the noun.] To lay
with bricks.

The fexton corats to know where he is to be
laid, and whetl»cr his grave is to be plaia or bricked.

Sivift.

Bri'ckbat. ». /. [from ^riV;4 and ia/.]
A piece of brick.

Earthen bottles, filled with hot water, do pro-
voke in bed a fweat more daintily than brickhiiii
hot. Baan.

BRrcKCLAY. n.f. [from irick and day.']
Clay ul);d for making hrick.

I obferved it in pits wrought for tile and br'ick-
flay. JVcodivard.

Bm'ckdust. ». /. [from brick and <>'»/? .]
Dull made by pounding bricks.

This ingenious author, being thus (harp fet, got
together a convenient quantity of brKkdufi, and
*ifpofed of.it into feveral papers. SptHator.

Bri'ckearth. ». / [from hrick and
tartb.] £aitli ufed ia auking buck*.

6 R I

They grow very well both an the haieflyinVI-

lartht, and on gravel. fifortimrr.

Brick-kiln. n./. [from brick and kilx.]
A kiln ; a place to burn bricks.

Like the Ifraelites in the brick-Lilts, tViey mul-
tiplied the rrore for their opprerti'ir*. l^fcdy ofPkiy.

Bri'cki.ayer. n.f. [from ^nV> ana /ay.l
A man whofe trade is to build with
bricks ; a brick-mafon.

The elder of them, being put to nuife,
And ignorant of his birth and parentage,
Became a brickUyir when be came to age. Sbaktff.

It you had liv'd, Sir,
Time enough to have been interpreter
To Babel's bricklayen, fure the tow'r h«d ftoo<.

Donne.

Bri'ck-maker. ». /. [from brick and
mait.] One whole trade it is to make
bricks.

They are common in claypits ; but the brick-
malen pick them out of the clay. TVu^ivard .
Bri'dal. adj. [from bride.] Belonging
to a wedding ; nuptial ; connubial.

Our wedding cheer to a fad fun'ral teaft.
Our folemn hymns ti lulien dirges change.
Our bridal flowers ferve for a buried corlc. Shak.

Come, I will bring ihce to thy bridal chamber.

Shakiffeart.
The amorous bird of night
Sung fpnufal, aud bid hade the ev'ning (Var,
On his hili-top to light the bridal lamp. Millin.

Your ill-meaning politician lords.
Under pretence ot Iridal friends and gueHs,
Appointed to await me thirty fpies. Milton.

When tomy arms thou broaght'ft thy virgin love.
Fair ange's fung our bridal hynm above. Dryden.

With all the pomp of woe, and forrow's pride !
Oh early loft ! oh fitter to be led
In chearful fplendour to the bridal bed I Waljh.

For her the fpoufe prepares the bridal ring,
For her white virgins hynienajals fing. Fope.

BHi'dal n.f. The nuptial fellival.

Nay, we muft think men are not gods ;
Nor of tlwm look for fuch oblcrvance always.
As fits the bridal.^ Sbakeffeare'i Othello.

Sweet day, fo cool, fo calm, fo bright.
The irWa/of the earth and (ky.
Sweet dews Ihall weep thy fall to-night ;
For thou muit die. Herbert.

In death's dark bow' ts our bridals we will keep,
And his cold band
Shall draw the curtain when we go to fieep. DryJ.

BRIDE. ». / [bjiyb, Saxon ; brudur, in
Runick, fignifies a beautiful woman.]
A woman new married. '

Help me rriine own love's pralfes to rcfound,
Ne let the fame of any be envy'd ;
So Orpheus did for his own bride. Spenfer.

The day approach'd, wlAn fortune should decide
Th' important cnterj>rize, and give the bride.

Dryden.
Thefe ate tributes due from pious brides.
From achafte matron, and a virtuous wife. Smith.
Bri'debed. 71./. [from briJe and bed.]
Marriage-bed.

Now until the break of day,
Through this houfe each fairy ftray j
To the beft bridebed will we.
Which by us (ball blcffed be. Shakefpeare.

Would David's fon, religious, juft, and brave.
To the firft bridebed of the world receive
A foreigner, a heathen, and a Have ? Prior.

Bri'decake. n.f. [from bride and cake.]
A cake diflributed to the guells at tlic
wedding.

With the phant'fies of hey-troll,
Troll about the bridal bowl,
And divide the broad bridecake
Round about the bridecake. Ben "jsnjcn.

The writer, refolved to try his fortune, failed all
day, and, that he might be furc of dreaming upon
fotnctlung a( jiight, f iwvucU tux handi'usic ilice of

B R I

Ir'iiettl; which he placed t»Ty conveniently under
his pillow. Spefftitor.

Bri'decroom. ». /. [from bride and
gresm.] A new married man.

As aix thole dulcet (uundt in break of day,
That creep into the dreaming bridnn',m'i ear.
And fummon him to marriage. Shakefpeare,

Why, hapjn bridegroom !
Why doft thou fteal fo (bon away to bed ? Dryden.

Bri'demen. 1 a. /. The attendants on
Bri'demaids. J the bride and bride-
groom.
Bri'destake. n.f. [ from bride znd/ake. ]
It feems to be a poll let in the ground,
to dance round, like a maypole.

R.<und about the bridfjiah. Bm Jonfin.

BRI'DEWELL. ». / [The palace built
by St. Bride's, or Bridget's 'uirll, wa*
turned into a workhout'e.] A houfe of
corredion.

He would contribute more to reformation than
all the workhoufes and Bridewells in Europe.

Speffaler.

BRIDGE, n. / [bpic, Saxon.]

1. A bu:lding raifed over water for the
convenience of paffage.

What need the bridge much broader than the

flood ? Shakefpeare,

And proud Araxes, whom no bridge could bind.

Dryden,

2. The upper part of the nofe.

The raifing gently the bridge of the nofe, doth
prevent the deformity of a faddte nofe. Bacon,

3. The fupporter of the firings in ftringed
inftruments of mufick.

To Bridge, -v. a. [from the noun.] To
raife a bridge over any place.

Came to the fca, and over Hellefpont
BnW^irr'his way, Europe with Afia join'd. Miltoiu

BRI'DLE. n.f. [bride, ?r.]

1 . The headftall and reins by which a horfe
is reftrained and governed.

They fciz'd at laft
His courfer's bridle, and his feet embrac'd. DryJ,

2. Areftraint; a curb ; a check.

The king refolved to put that place, which fome
men fancied to be a bridle upon the city, into the '
hands of fuch a man as he might rely upon.

Clarendon,
A bright genius often betrays itfelf into many
errours, without a continual bridle oa the tongue.

tfattt.
To Bri'dle. t. a. [from the noun.]
I. To reftrain, or guide b>' a bridle.

1 bridle in my ilruggling mufe with pjin,
That longs to launch into a bolder ftrain. AdJifom

2i To put a bridle on any thing.

The queen of beauty ftopp'd her bridled doves ;
Approv'd the little labour of the Loves. Prior,

3. To reftrain ; to govern.

The difpofition of things is committed to thetn,
whom law may at all times bridle, and fupsriour
power controul. Hooker,

With a (Irong, and yet a gentle hand.
You iW(</rfa£lion, and our hearts command. ^VArk.

To Bri'dle. v. n. To hold up the head.
Bri'dlehand. n.f. [from bridle and
hand.] The hand which holds the
bridle in riding.

In the turning, one might perceive the bridle^
hand fomething gently ftir ; but, indeed, fo gently^
as it did rather dillil virtue tiiaa ufe violence.

Sidney,
The heat of fummer put his blood into a fer-
ment, which afftdicibis iridlehand with great pain.

H^i/eman*
BRIEF, adj. [brevis, Lat. brief, Fr.]
I. Short ; concife. It is now feldom ufed

but of wofdSi.
I A play

B R I

A piiy there is, my lord, fome ten wotdi long,
• Which h ai trie/ 3i 1 have known a play;
But by-ten woras, my lord, it is too long.
Which makes it tedious. Sbaiiffcart.

I will be mild and gentle in my words.—
—And br'nff^gooA mother, for I am in hallc Skak.

I mud begin with ridiments of art.
To teach you gamut in a br'uftr fort,
Klore plcafant, pretty, and elie^ual. Shaitffeare.

They nothing doubt prevailing, and to make it
hriffvnn. Stairff tare's CmoUnus.

The irkf llile it that which expreffeth much in
little. Ben Jmfon.

If I had quoted more words, I had quoted niore
profancnefs; and therefore Mr. Congrevehas reafon
to thank me for being brief. Col/ier.

'2. Contrafted ; narrow.

The rtirine of Venus, or ftraightpight Minerva,
Poftures beyond iri^nature. Stake/peare.

Brief., n. /. \_brief, Dutch, a letter.]

1 . A writing of any kind.

There is a briif, how many fports arc ripe :
Make choice of which your highnefs will fee firft.

Sbakefpeare.

The apoftolical letters are of a twofold kind and
diflerence ; vm. fome are called brief!, becaufe they
•re comprifed in a fhort and compendious way of
writing. ^ylife.

2. A ihort cxtraft, or epitome.

But how you mail begin this enterprize,
I will ygjr highnefs thus in iWc/advife. Fairy ^

I doubt not but I (hall make it plain, as far as a
fum or brief an make a caufe plain. Bacon.

The brief of this tranfaflion is, thefe fpriogs
that arife here are impregnated with vitriol.

J. [In law.]

A writ v/hercby a man is fummoned to anfwer
to any aQion ; or it is any precept of the king in
writing, irtuing out of any court, whereby he com-
manJb any thing to be done. Cctocll.

4. The writing given the pleaders, con-
taining the cafe.

The brief v'wh weighty crimes was cbarg'd.
On which the pleader much cnhrg'd. Swifi.

5. Letters patent, gFving licence to a cha-
ritable colledion for any publick or pri-
vate lofs.

6. [In mufick.] A meafure of quantity,
which contains two ftrokes down in
beating time, and as many up. Harris.

Brie'fly. ad'i/. [^irom. brie/.'] Concifely;
in few words.

I will (peak in that manner which the fubjefl
requires ; that is, probably, and moderately, and
iriejiy. Baar.

The modeft queen awhile, with downcaft eye.,
Ponder'd the fpeech j then briefy thus replies.

Drydcn.
Bri'efness. »./ [horn brief.] Concife-
nefs ; ftiortnels.

They excel in grandity and gravity, in fmooth-
nef« and propriety, in quicknefs and brirfnefi,

Cnmdtn,

BRI'ER. n. f. [bpiji. Sax.] A plant.
The fweet and the wild forts are both
fpecies of the rofe.

What fubtle hole is this,
Whofe m^uth is covet'd with rude growing hrien f

Sbakej'feare.
Then thrice under a brUr doth creep,
Which ^t both ends was rojled deep.
And over it three times doth leap ;

H'rmagick much availing. Draytn't Nymfh'J.
Bri'ery. adj. [from brier.] Rough;

thorny ; full of briers.
B?.i';, and poflibly alfoBRix, is derived
from the Saxon bpicp^, a bridge; which,
to this da^-, in the northern counties,
is called a brigg, and not a bridge.

Gibjon'i Camden.

B R I

BRI'GADE. «./ [brigade. Fir. It is now
generally pronounced with the accent
on the latt fyllable.] A divifion of
forces ; a body of men, confifting of
feveral fquadrons of horfe, or battalions
of foot.

Or fronted IrigaJa form. MUton.

Here the Bavarian duke his brigades leads,
Gallant in arms, and gaudy to behold. Philips.

Bri'cade Majtr. An officer appointed
by the brigadier to affift him in the ma-
nagement and ordering of his brigade ;
and he there ad« as a major does in an
army. Harris.

Brig adi'eh. General. An officer who com-
mands a brigade of horfe or foot in an
army ; next in order below a major ge-
neral.

Bri'gand. n./. [brigand, Fr.] A robber;
one that belongs to a band of robbers.

There might be a rout of fuch barbarous thicvifli
brigands in fome rocks ; but it was a degeneration
from the nature of man, a political creature.

BrambaU egainfi Hohbes.
Bri'cANDINE. 7 r re I ■ J1

Br.'cantine.I "■/■Urombrtgand.]

1. A light veffel ; fuch as has been for-
merly ufed by corfairs or pirates.

Like as a wiilike hrigandiae, apply'd
To fighr, lays forth her threatful pikes afore
The engines, which in them fad^^ath do hide.

S^cnjer.

In'yoor iriganiint yoo fail'd to fee
The Adtiatick wedded. Oiway's yejiiee Preferfeii.

The conful obliged him to deliver up his fleet,
and rellore the flilps, refcrving only to himfdf two
brigamints. Arbutbmt.

2. A coat of mail.

Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet
Arid brig^ndine of biafs, thy broad baberg-^on,
Vantb.aCs, and groves. Mit'lcn's Semfm .Agoniftes.

BRIGHT. a^J. [beont. Saxon.]

1 . Shining ; full of light.

Through a cloud
Drnwn round about thee like a radiant (hrine.
Dark, with exceffive bright, thy (klrts appear.

Milton.
Then fhook the facred (hrine, and fudden light
Sprung through the roof, and made the temjle
bright. Vryden.

2. Shining, as a body reflefting light.

B' igbt brafs, and brighter domes. Chapman.

Thy c)es are fc:n In diamonds bright. Guy.
Br.gtt IS the fun her eyes the gazers ftrike. Ptfe.

3. Clear; tranfpicuous.

From the brighifl wines
He'd turn abhoncnt. Thcmfon.

Wiiilf the bright Seine, t' exalt the foul.
With fparklir.g plenty crowns the bowl. Fentm.

4. Clear ; evident.

He muft not proceed too fwiftly, that he may
with m .re cafe, with brighter evidence, and with
furcc fuccels, draw the learner on.

If^iitti's Jmprviiimtnt of the Mind,

5. Refplendent with charms.

Tiiy beauty appeal ^.,
In iti graces mi aiis.

All hrigbt at an angel new dropp'd from the (ky.

Piu-nel.

O Liberty', thou g-iddefs hcav'nly bright,
Prnfufe of blifs, and prcgnantwith deliglit I jidjif.

Bright as the fun, and like the morning fair,
Such Chlocis, and commtfU as the air. Gr.tn'viUe.

To-day black omens threat the brigbteji fair
'I'll. it '-'cr engagd a w:<tchtul (piril's care. Vtpe.

'1 h'ju mure dreaded foc, bright Lcaury, (hine.

t'cuni^,

6. Illuminated with fcienc« ; fparklinf
with wit.

B R I

Gen'rons, gay, and gallant nation,
Great in arms, and bright in art. jinoKymciit,

If parts allure thee, thjnk how Bacon (hin'd.
The wifeft, brightej}, meaneft of mankind. Pope,
7. Uluflrious ; glorious.

This is the wor/l, if not the only (lain,
r til' brightef annals of a female reign. Cottm,
To Bri'ghten. <i;. a. [from bright.]

1. To make bright ; to make to Ihine.

The purple morning, rifing with the year.
Salutes the fpring, as her cclellinl eyes
Adorn the world, and brighten up the (kies. Dr/J,

2. To make luminous by light from with-
out.

An ecftacy, that mothers oiily feel,
Plays round my heart, and brightens all my forrow.
Like gleams of funfhine in a louring iky. Philips^

3. To make gay, or cheerful,

Hope elevates, and joy
Brightens his creft. Mihoii't Paradife Loflt

4. To make illuilrious.

The prefent queen would brighten her charafler,
if (he would exert her authority to inftil virtues
into her people. Sifift-

Yet time ennobles or degrades each line ;
It brightened Craggs's, and m.iy darken thine. Pofe^

5. To make acute, or witty.

TV Bri'ghten. v. n. To grow bright J
to dear up : as, the iky brightens.

But let a lord once own the happy lines.
How tlie (lile brightens, how the fen(e refines ! Pofet

Bri'ghtlv. a^/v. [itota bright .] Splen*
didly ; with luftre.

Safely I (lept, till brightly dawning fllone
The morn, confpicuous on her golden throne. Pope*

BitrcHTNEss. Tt. /. [from bright.]

1 . Luftre ; fplendour ; glitter.

The blazing brightnefs of her beauty's bcam^
And glorious light of her fun-lhining fjce.
To tell, were as Co (Irive againft the lircam*

Fisiiy ^a«»,

A fwerd, by long lying ftill, will contrail a ruft,
which fliall deface it> brightnefs. South,

The moon put on her veil of light,
Myilerious veil, of brightnefs made.
That's both her lullrc and her (hade. Hudiirau

Vex'd with the prelent moment's heavy gloom.
Why feek we brifhtn^s from the yeart to come ?

Prior,

2. Acutenefs,

The brightnefs of his parts, the foltdity of'hii
judgment, and the candour and generoiity of hi*
temper, diltinguilhed him in an age of great po-
litcnefs. Prior.

B R i'l T. I A N c r . »./. [from brilliant.] Luf-
tre ; fplendour.

BRl'LLIANT. adj. [brilLnt, Fr.] 'Shin-
ing; fparkling; fplendid; full of luftre.

So have I fecn in laidcr dark
^ Of v^al a lucid loin.
Replete with many a IrilliaBt fpark.
As wife philofophers remark.

At once both (link and fliine. Dorfd.

Bri'lliant. n. /, A diamond of tlie
fineft cut, formed into angles, fo as te
refrail the light, and ihine more.

In deference to his virtues, I forbear
To (hew yoti what the reft in orders were;
This brilliunt is fo fpotlefs and fo briglit,
He needs not foil, but (liines by his own proper
light. Dryden.

Bri'lliantness. n. /. [t'rom brilliarrt.]

Splendcrtir ; luftre.
Brills, n. /. The hair on the eyelids of
a horfe. Di^t.

BRIM. «. / [l.-im, Jcelandifti.]
I. 'J"he edge of any thing.

Hii lijt biiog in the form of a turban, daintily

m:! ic, tlie locks of his hair iMsttc down about the

brims of it. Bticcn,

G g 2 3. The

B R I

B R I

». The upper edge of any veflel.

How my head in ointiticnt fwiras !
How my cup o'erlookt her trims ! Crtjhavi.

So when with crackling flames a cjutdron fries,
The bubbling water* from the bottom rife,
Above the brimi they force their fiery way.

nrjden\ Mki'u'-
■ Tlius in a bafon droj. a fliilling,
Thin fill the velicl to the prim.

You fljall obfcrve, as you are fiUing,
The pond'rous metal fcenii to fwim. Swif:.

3. The top of any liquor.

The feet of the prieits, that bar« the ark, were
dipped in the irim 6f the water, yc/^aa, iii. 15'

4. The bank of a fountain.

It told me it VIM Cynthia's own,
Within \shofe cucert'ul hr.iKt

That curious nymjih !nd oft been known
To bathe her fnowv limbs. Draytatt.

fe Br I M. or. «. [from the noun.] To fill

to the top.

May thy trimmeJ waves,
. Their full tribute aever mils
From a thoufand rills. . Miltve.

This faiJ, a dauble wreath Evandet twin'd ;
And poplars black and white bis' temples bind t
Then trim his arhple bowl ; witli like dcfign.
The reft invoke the gods with fpiinkled wme.

■-, . : . Drjdtn.

TaBniM. V. «. To be full to the brim.

Now horrid hays
Commence, the himmiag glaffcs now arc hurl'd
- With diie intent. . i^l

Bri'mkul. atij. [from in-im and full.]
Full to the top ; overcharged.

Meafurc my cafe, how by thy beauty's filling
With feed of woes my heart irimful is chargd.

Sitlney.
We have try'd tlie utmoft of our friends;
Our legions are brimful, our caufe is ripe.

Shake/pear^'! J. Cafar.
Her trimful eyes, that ready ftood.
And only wanted will to weep a flood,
Rcleas'd their watry ftore. Drydens Fables.
The good old king at parting wrung my hand.
His eyes brimful of tears ; then fighing cry'd,
Prithee, be careful of my fon. Addijm^s Cato

Bh'mfulness. »./. {hombrtmfuL] tul-
nefs to the top. .

The Scot on his unfurnifli'd kingdom
Came pouring like a tide into a beach,
With ample ar.d brimfuhcfs of his force.

SbakeJpearesHen.W.

Bri'mmer. «./. [from brim.l A bowl
full to the -top. -

When healths go lound, and kindly tcmmers
flow, . , , , ,

Till the fteih gatUi>4> <"» tlrcir foreheads glow.

Drydert.

Bri'mming. adj. [from hrim-l ■ Full to
the brim.

And twice bcfidcs her beeftmgs never fail.
To ftorc the dairy with a brimming pail. Dryden.
Bri'mstone. n.f. [corrupted from irw
or hresfione,,. that is, fiery ftone.] Sul-
' phur. See Sulphur.

Frbm his infernal furracc forth he threw
Huge flames, that dimmed all the heaven's light,
Enioli'd in dulkifh fmoke and brimjioae blue.

Fairy ^^en.
The vapour of the prtito del Cane is generally
fuppofed to be fulphure.us, though I can fee no
Tcafon for fuch a fuppof.tion : 1 put a whole bun-
dle of lighted brimfimt matches to the fmo^ce,
they all went out in an \ai\int. Mdifin on Italy-
Bri'mstonY. aJJ. [from brimfione.] Full
of biimftone ; containing fulphur ; fui-

phureous. , , i

Bri'nded. adj. {b,in, Fr. a branch.]
Streaked ; tabby ; marked with ftre.tks.
Thiice the i«iiJ.<< cat bath mcw'd.

Mill"

She tam'd the btinitd lioncft
And fpottcd mountain pard.

My brirJ:d heifer to the flake I lay J
Two thriving calves (lie fuckles twice a-day. Vryd.

Bri'ndle. n. f. [from briitded.] The
ftate of being brinded.

A natu.-.il brimHe. Clanjfa.

Bri'ndi.ed. aJj. [from irMlt.] Brind-
ed ; ilreaked.

'Ihe bear, my fiflers ! aim the fatal dart.
And ftrikc the brindled raonfter to the heart.

Addijin s Ovia.

BRINE. «. /. , . ^ ^ ,

1 . Water impregnated with lalt.

The encrcjfmg of the weight of water will cn-
crcafe its powrr of bearing ; a;.- we fee brine, when
ic is fait enough, will bear an egg.

Bacon's Natural Hifiory.

Difl"olvc flieepsdung in water, and add to it as
much fait as will make a ftrong brine ; in this li-
quor ftecp your com. Morltmer.

2. The fea, as jt is fait.

AH but mariners,
Plung'd in the foaming brine, did quit the veflijl,
Then all afire with me. Sbakefl-eare's Tempeji.

Tlie air was calm, and on the level brine
Slcc!- Panope, with all her fifters, play'd. Afi/«».

As, when two adverfe winds
Engage with horrid fliock, the ruffled trine
Roars ftormy. ■?*'''/'•

3. Tears, as they aye fait.

What a deal of brini
Hath waOi'd thy fallow cheeks for Rofaline !

Stakefpeare.

Bri'nepit. t!. /. [from brine and pit.]

Pit of fait water.

Then I lov'd thee.
And ftiew'd thee all the qualities o' th' iflc.
The frefti fp.ings, brinepits, barren place, and fer-
tile. Shatefpeare.

To BRING. V. a. [bprnjan. Sax. preter.
I brought ; part. paff. brought ; bpoht.
Sax.]

1. To fetch from another place : dmm-
guilhed from to carry, or convey, to
another place.

I was the chief that rais'd him to the crown.
And I'll be chief to bring him down again. Shak.

And as flie was going to fetch it, he called to
her, and faid, Srir.g me, I pray thee, a morfel ot
bread in thy hanJ. *-"'5'-

A rcgillry of lands may furnifli eafy fecurities
of money, that fliall be brougbt over by ftrangers.

Temple.

2. To convey in one's own hand ; not to
fend by another.

And if my wilh'd alliance pleafe your king,
Tell bim he fliould not fend the peace, but bring.

Drydoi.

3. To produce; to procure, as a caufe.

There is mthing will bring you more honour,
and more eafe, than to do what tight in jnftKe
you may. ^''""^

4. To reduce; to recal.

JBrinf back gently their wandering minds, by
going before them in the Uain they flioulJ purfue,
without any rebuke. ■ L«^.:

Nathan's fable had fo good an edeQ, as (o bring
the man after Gods own heart to a tight fcnfc ot
his g.i.lt. Sp^""--

r. To attradl ; to draw along.

In dilliUation, the water afcends difficultly, and
brines over with it fome part of the oil of vitriol.
Neiuf-'ns Optfihs.

6. To put into any particular ftate or cir-
cumllances ; to make liable to any thing.
Having got the way of reafoning, which th.n
ftuJy necelfarily brings the mind to, they might be
able to transfer it to other parts of knowledge, as
they ihaii have oci;»Con. L«h.

B R I

The^oeftlon for bringing the king to Juftleewu
immediately put, and carri-d without any oppofi.
tion, that I can find. Swift's Prtjbyurian flea.

7. To lead by degrees.

A due confideration of the vanitiei of die world,
will naturally bring us to the contempt of it ; and
the contempt of the world will as certainly bring
us home to ourfelves. L'FJlrai^c.

The undcrftanding fliould be brought to the dif-
ficult and knotty parts of knowledge by infenfible
degrees. Locke.

8. To recal ; to fummons.

But thofe, and m^re than 1 to mind can br'ng,
Menalcas has not yet forgot to fing. Dryden.

9. To induce ; to prevail upon.

The nature of the things, contained in thofe
words, would not fuffer him to think ociierwiic,
liow, or whcnfoever, he is bnught to lefledt on
tliem. . ^"\'-

It fcems fo prepollcrous a thing to men, to make
themfelves unhappy in order to happinefs, that
they do not eafily bring themfelves to it. Lickt.

Profitable employments would be no lefs a di-
verfion than any of the idle fports in falhion, if
men could but be brcught to delight in them. Locke.

1(3. To bring about. [See About.] To
bring to pafs ; to effect.

This he conceives not hard to bring about.
If all of you would join to help him out.

Dryden's Indian Emperor.
This turn of mind threw off the oppofitiuns of
envy and competition ; it enabled him to gain the
moft vain and impraiSlicable into his defigns, and
to bring about feveral great events, for the ad-
vantage of the publick. jiddifcn's FrceholJtr.
XI. To bring forth. To give birth to ; to
produce.

The good queen.
For flic is good , hath brought you forth a daughter !
Here 'tis ; commends it to your bleffing. Shakcjp.

More wonderful
Than that which, by creation, firft brought forth
Light out of darknefs ! Paradije Lofl.

Bewail thy falfehood, and the pious w:>rks
It hath brought forth, to make thee memorable
Among illuftrious women, faithful wives.

Milton's Samjcn AgoniSts.

Bellona le-ids thee to thy lover's hand ;

Another queen brings forth another brand.

To burn with foreign fires her native land ! Dryd.

Idlenefs and luxury inr^ /mJ poverty and

want j.and this tempts men to injuftice, an.1 that

caufeth enmity and animof ty. Tillotfon.

The value of land is raif,;d, when it is fitted

to bring forth a greater quantity of any valuable

produft. ^"^'•

12. To bring forth. To bring to light.,
The tiling that is hid bringeth he forth to light.

'Job, xxxviii. f 1.

13. To bring in. To place m any condi-
tion.

He protefts he loves you.
And needs no other fuitor, but his liking.
To brin^ you in again. Shakejpeare't OcbcUo.

14.. To bring in. To reduce.

Send over into that realm fuch a ftrong power
of men, as IhoulJ p:rforce bring in all that rebel-
lious rout, and loofc people. Spcfrr en Ireland.
\c. To bring in. To afford gain.

The fole meafure of all his couvtefies is, what

return they will make him, and what revenue tlu-y

will bring him in. Soutu.

TraJe brought us ifi plenty and riches. Licke.

16. To Iring in. To introduce. .,

Entertain no long difcoutle with any ; but, if
vou can, bring in fometliing to feafon it with reli-
gion. , "^"y'"]

There is but one God who made heaven and
earth, and fea and winds; but the foUy and mad-
ncfs of mankind brought in the images of gods.

StiUingJUett

The fruitfutnefs of Italy, and the like, arc not

brought in by force, but naturally rife out of ti.e

argument. ^'j^S'--

Since

B R I

state he could not hjve a kit among th«m
hjmfelt', he would iring in one who had more
Bjerit. Tat/er.

Quotations arc beft bnugbt in to confirm fome
opinion controverted. Sivift^

17. To bring off. To clear ; to procure to
be acquitted ; to c«ufe to efcape.

I tn}ilsd to m_v head, that has betrayed me;
and I found fault with my legs, that would othtt-
vi\(thi\chnugbt me off. L'EJirangc.

Set a kite upon the bench, and it is forty to one
he'll tring effi crow at the bar. VEJirangt.

The bed way to avoid this imputation, and to

iring off the credit of our underftanding, is to be

truly religious. TiUcifon.

li. To tring on. To engage in aftion. .

If there be any that would reign, and take up
all the time, let him find means to take them ort,
and hrlTTP others es. Bacon.

19. To bring on. To produce as 8tn occa-
fional caufe.

The fountains of the great deep being broke
open, fo as a general deitruilion and devaftation
was bnugbt upon the earth, and all things in it.

Burned Tbccry.

The great queftion, which in ail ages has dif-
turbed mankind, and hrtvght on them thofe mif-
chiefs. Locke.

20. To bring over.. To Convert ; to draw to
a new party.

This liberty (hould be made ufe of upon few

occafions of fmall importance, and only with a

view of bringing over his own fide, another time,

to fomething of greater and more publick moment.

Stvift^i Cburcb cf England Mur.

The proteftant clergy will find it, perhaps, no
difficult matter to brig great numbers ovtr to the
church. Swift.

21. To iring out. To exhibit; to (hew.

If I make not this cheat bring out another, and
the /heaters prove flieep, let me be unrolled,

HbactJiieart's IVinler't Tali.

Which he could bring out, where he had.
And what he bought them for, and paid. HuJibras.

Thefe Ihake his foul, and, as they boldly prefs.
Bring out his crimes, and force him to corfeft.

Drydcn.

Another way made ufe of, to find the weight of
the denarii, was by the weight of Greek coin? ;
but thofe cxperimenta bring ail the denarius hea-
vier- jirbutbnot.

22. To bring under. To fubdue ; to reprefs.

That Iharp courfe which you have fet down,
for the bringing under of thofe rebels of Ulllcr,
and preparing a way for their perpetual reforma-
tion. Sptnjcr.

To fay, that the more capable, or the better de-
fierver, hath fuch right to govern, as he may com-
pulforily bnrg under the lefs worthy, is idle. Saccn.

23 . To bring tip. To educate ; to inllrudl ;
to form.

The well bringing up of the people, ferves as a
rroft fure bond to hold them. Sidney.

He that takes upon him the charge of bringing
up youn^ men, efpccially young gentlemen, fhould
have fomething more in him than Latin. Locke.

They frequently converfed wiih this lovely vir-
gin, who had been bnugbt up by her father in
knowledge. Addijon: Gidnrdian.

24. To bring up. To introduce to gene-
ral pradUce.

Several obliging deferences, condefcenfions, and
fubmifiions, with many outward forms and ceremo.
nies, were firft of all brought up among the politer
part of mankind, who lived in courts and cities.

SptSator.

25. To bring up. To caufe to advance.

Bring up your army j but 1 tliink you'll find.
They've not prepar'd for us. Shahrj'peare.

26. Bring retains, in all its fenfes, the idea
of an agent, or caufe, producing a real
or metaphorical motion of fomething to-
wardj ibmethiog ; for it is oft faid, that

B R I

he brought his tomf anion out. The m can-
ing is, that he was brought to fomething
that was likewife '■without.
Eri'ncer. n.f, [from bring.'\ The perfon
that brings any thing.

Yet the firft hringer of unwelcome news
Hath but a lofiiig office : and h'S tongue
Sounds ever after as a fullen bell,
Remcmber'J tolling a dead friend. Sbairfpcarc.

Beft you fee fafe the hi ingcr
Outof the hoft : I mv.ft attend rain= office. Sbairfp.

Bri'nger tjp, Inllruftor; educator.

Italy and Rome have been breeders and bri'igen
up of the worthlcft men. Ajcham's Scboolmajier.
Bri'nish. adj. [from brine.\^ Having
the tafte of brine ; fait.

Nero would be tainted with remorfe
To hear and fee her plaints, her brinijh tears. Sbak.

For now I fiand, as one upon a rock,
Environ'd with a wildernefs of fea.
Who marks the waxing tide grow'wave by wave j
Expecting ever when fome envious furge
Will, in his brinijh bowels, fw.iiloW him. Sbakiff.

Bri'nishness. n.f. [from brinifi,] Salt-
nefs ; tendency to faltnefs.

BRINK. »./. [brini, Danifti.] The edge
of any place, as of a precipice or a ri-
ver.

Th' amazed flames ftand gathcr'd in a heap.
And from the precipice's brink rctiie.
Afraid to venture on fo large a leap. Dryden.

We ftand therefore on the brinki and confines
of thofe ftates at the day of doom. jilterbury.

So have I fcen, from Severn's brink,
A flock of geefe jump down together;
Swim where the bird of Jove would fink,
And, fwimming, never wet a feath'^r. Swift,

Bri'ny. adj. [from brine."] Salt.

He, who firft the pafTage try'd.
In harden'd oak his heart did i.ide;
Or his, at leaft, in hoilow wood.
Who tcmpt"d fi 1 t^'.e briny flood. Dryden.

Then, triny leas, and [jftc.'i.l fprings, farewel.
Where fountain nymphs, confus'd with Nereids,
dwell. Addifon.

A muriatick or briny tafte feems to be produced
by a mixture of an acid and alkaline fait ; for fpirit
of fait, and fait of tartar, mixed, produce a fait like
fea ialr. Arbutbnoi.

Bri'ony. See BayoKy.
BRISK, adj. [bru/qtie, Frtench.]

1. Lively; vivacious; gay; fprightly :
applied to men.

Pr'ythee, die, and fet me free,
Or elfe be

Kind and brijk and gay, lilte me. Denham,
A creeping young fellow, that had committed
matrimony with a briJk gamefomc lafs, was fo al-
tered in a few days, that lie was likcr a Ikeleton
than a living mar. L^Ejtrangc.

Why Ihould all honour then 'oe ta'cn
From Icwer parts to load the brain ;
When other limbs wl plainly fee.
Each in his way, as briJk as he? Vrisir.

2. Powerful ; fpirituous.

Our jiaturc here is riot unlike our wine :
Some foru, when old, continue briji and fine.

Denbam.

Under ground, the rude Riph«an race
Mimick briJk cyder, witii tl-e brake's produil wild,
Sloes pounded, hips, and fcrvis' barflieft juice.

PbUlpt.

It mult needs be fome extcriovir caufe, and the
brifi acting of fome objefls without rac, whofe
eflicacv I cannot rcfift. Locke.

3. Vivid; bright. This is not ufed.

Objefts appeared much darker, bccaufe my in-
ftrument was overchargrd; had it magnified tiiirty
or twenty-five times, it had made the objeft appear
more iri/l and pleafant. Ncivtcn.

■To Brisk uf. v. n. To come up briikly.

B R I

Bri'skst. »./. [brichet.ft.'] The breaft
of an animal.

See that none of the wool be wanting, that their
gums be red, teeth white and even, and the brijket
fkin red. Mortimer.

Bri'skly. adv. [from brifi.l Aftively ;
vigoroufly.

We have feen the air in the bladder fuddenly
expand itfelf fo much, and Co brijkly, that it mani-
felHy lifted up fome light bodies that leaned up-
on it. Boyle.
1 could plainly perceive the creature to fuck in
many of tlie moft minute animalcvila, that were
"* fwimming brijkly about in the water.

Ray on the Creation.

Bri'sknESS. n.f. [from brifk.]

1. Livelinefs ; vigour; quicknefs.
Some remains of corruption, thouijh they do

not conquer and extinguifti, yet will llacken and
allay, the vigour and brijknefi of the renewed prin-
ciple. South.

2. Gayety.

But the moft diftlnguifliing part of his cha-
rafter feems to me to be his brijhnefi, his jollity,
and his good-humour. Dryden.

BRl'STLE. n.f. [bpifcl. Sax.] The ftifF
hair of fwine.

1 will not open my lips fo wide as a briftic may-
enter. Shakejpeare.

He is covered with hair, and not, as the boar,
with brijiles, which probably fpend more upon the
fame matter, which, in other creatures, makes the
horns ; for briflles feem to be nothing elfe but a
hoin fpli: into a multitude of little ones. Crew.

Two boars whom love to battle draws.
With rifing brijllei, and with frothy jaws.
Their adverfe breafts with tulks oblique they
wound. Dryden.

To Bri'stle. t). a. [from the noun.] To
ereft in briftles.

Now for the bare plckt bone of majefty.
Doth dogged war briftle his angry creft.
And fn.irlcth in the gentle eyes of peace. Shaksfp.

Which makes him plume himfclf, and hriflle up
Thecteft if youth againft your dignity. Sbakejp.

To Bri'stle. 11. n. To ftand ereil as
briftles.

Be it ounce, or cat, or bear,
Pard, or boar with brijiled hair.
In thy eye that fliall appear.
When thou wak'ft, it is thy dear. Sbttkifp,
Stood Theodore furpria'd in deadly fright,
With chatt'ring teeth, and hnJUing hair upright;
"Vet ar:ird with inborn worth. ' Dryden.

Thy hair fo briftln with unmanly fears.
As fields of corn that rife in bearded cars. Dryden.

To Bristle a thread. To fix a biiftle

to it.
Bri'stly. adj. [from ^////f.] Thick fet
with briftles.

The leaves of the black mulberry are fomewhat
briflly, which may help to preferve the dew. Bacon.
U the eye were fo acute as to rival the fincft
raicrofcopc, the fight of our own fclvcs would af-
fright us i the fmoothcft (kin would be befct with
rugged Icales and brifily hairs. BentUy,

Thus maftful beech the brifily chcftnut bears.
And the wild alh is white with bloomy pears.

Dryden.
The careful mafter of the fwine,
Forth haftcd he to tend his hriftlcd care. Pope.

Bri'stol stone, a kind of foft diamond
found in a rock near the city of Briltol.

Of this kind of cryftal are the better and larger
lort of Brijiol-Jlonei, and the K-eriy ftone? of Ire-
land, fi'codward.

B KIT. n.f. The name of a fifli.

The pilchards were wont to purfue the brit,
upon which they feed, into the havens. Cartiv.

To Br IT E. 7 ""• *>^ Barley, wheat, or
To Bright, j hopsi are faid to brite,
when they grow over-ripe.
I BRI'TTLE.

B R O

BRITTLE, adj. [brurran, Saxon.] Fra-
gile ; apt to break ; not tough.

The wood of vines U very durable ; though no
tree hath the twigs, while they are green, fo
iriitli, yet the wood dried i< extremely tough.

Baccrt.

From earth all came, to earth muft all return.

Frail as the cord, and briiiU as the um. Priw.

Of airy pomp, and ftccting joys,
Whit does the bufy world conclude at beft,
.^ ButMVf/f g"ods, thatbrcaklikeglaf!? Granville.
If the (lone ii hriitli, it will often crumble, and
paf'. in the form of gravel. Arttiibnct.

Bri'ttleness. tt.f, ffrom irii/Je.] Apt-
ncfs to break ; fragility.

A u'it quick without brightnefs, diarp without
tritllef/fi. jijcham^s Sctoolmafttr.

Artificers, in the tempering of ftecl, by holding

it but a minute or two longer or lefTer in the flame,

give it very differing tempers, as to brittlcnifi or

toughnefs. £iyU.

BiiiZE. n. f. The gadfly.

A irizf, a fcorned little creature,
Through his fair hide his angry Ring did threaten.

"■ SpenJ<r.

BROACH. «. / Ibroche, French.]
I. A fpit.

He was taken into fervice to a bafe office in his

kitchen ; fo chat he turned a breach, that had

worn a cruwn. Bacon's Hary VII.

Whofe oiTercd entrails (hall his crime reproach,

And drip their fatnefs from thi; hazle breach. Dryd.

». A mufical inftrument, the founds of
which are made by turning round a han-
dle. Dia.

3. [With hunters.] A ftart of the head
of a young ftag, growing fharp like the
endofalpit. Di<3.

7i Broach, i'. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To fpit ; to pierce as with a fpit.

"Were now the general of our gracious emprcfs.
As in good time he may, from Ireland coming,
Bringing rebellion broached on his fword. Shake/fi.

He felled men as one would mow hay, and
fbmetim*^ broached a great number of them upon
bis pike, as one would carry little birds fpitted
upon a Hick. HakeviiU.

2. To pierce a veffel in order to draw the
liquor ; to tap.

3. To open any ftore.

I will notably provide, that you fliall want nei-
ther weapons, viftuak, nt)r aid } I will open the
old armouries, 1 will broach my ftore, and bring
forth my (lores. Kntlles.

4. To let out any thing. .

And now the field of death, the lifts.
Were rnter'd by antagonifts.
And blood was ready to be breach' J,
When Hudibras in haftc approach'd. HuJibrat.

5. To give out, or utter any thing.

This errour, that Pifon was Ganges, was firft
iroached by Jofephus. Raleigh.

Thofe who wc:e the chief inftruments of raifing
the nolle, made ufc of thofe very opinions them-
felves had bnacted, for arguments to prove that tlic
change of miniftci-s was dangerous, Stvift'i Exam.

Bito'AcriEii. n.f, [from broach.']

1. A fpit.

The youth approach'd the fire, and, as Itbum'd,
On five n-iitpbrt^etcrs rankM,the roaft they turu'd j
Thcfc m jrfeU ftay'd their ftomachi. Dryden.

2. An opener, or ntterer of any thing; the
firil author.

Theie is much pride .ind vanity in the afifeAa-
tion of being the orfl broacher of an heretical opi-
nion. L'EJlrar.ge.

Numerous parties denominate themfclves, not
from the grand Autiior and Finifticr of our tiith,
but from the firft broachtr of their idolized opi-
niont. Decay of P'uty.

B R O

This Dpinion u commonly, but falfely, tferib-
ed to Arillotle, not as its fitft broacher, but as its
ablcft pjtron. Cbeyne.

BROAD, adj. [bpab, Saxon.]
I. Wide; extended in breadth, diftin-
guiHied from length ; not narrow.

The weeds that his broad fprcading leaves did
flicllcr
Are pull'd up, root and all. Sbakcjteare.

The top may be juftly £iid to grow broader, as
the bottom narrower. Temple.

Of all your knowledge this vain fruit you have,
To walk with e)TS broad open to your grave. Dryd.

So lofty was the pile, a Parthian bow,
Witiv vigour drawn, muft fend the fliaft below,
The bottom was full twenty fathom bread. DryJen.

He hunch'd the fiery bolt from pole to pole.
Broad burft the lightnings, deep the thiindera roll.

Pefe.

z. Large.

To keep him «t a diftance from falfehood, and
cunning, which has always a ir-txri/ mixture of falfe-
hood ; this is the fitted preparation of a child for
wifdom. Locke.

3. Clear; open; not (heltered ; not af-
fording concealment.

In mean time be, with cunning to conceal
All thought of this from others, himfelf bore
In broadhoufe, with the wooers, us before. Cbapm.

It no longer feeks the Ihelter of night and dark-
nefs, but appears in xhebroeideji light. Decay of PUty.

If children wereleft alone in the dark, they would
be no more afraid than in broad funihine. Locke.

4. Grofs ; coarfe.

The reeve and the miller arc diftinguifhed from
each other, as much as the lady priorefs and the
^rofifZ-fpeaking, gap-toothed wife of Bath. Dryeien.

Love made him doubt his ^r0^^ barbarian found ;
By love, his want of words and wit he found.

DryJen.

If open vice be what you drive at,
A name fo broad we'll ne'er connive at. Drydeit.

The broadejl mirth unfeeling folly wears,
Lefs plcafmg far tlian virtue's very tears. Pope.

Room -for my lord ! three jockeys in his train ;
Six huntfmen with a ftiout precede his chair ;
He grins, and looks broad nonfenfe with a ftare.

Pofe.

5. Obfcene ; fulfome; tending to obfce-
nity.

As chaftc and modeft as he is efteemed, it can-
not be denied, but in fome places be is bread and
fulfome. Dryden.

Though now arraign'd, he read with fome de-
light i
Becaufe he fcems to chew the cud again.
When his broad comment makes the text too
plain. Dryden.

6. Bold ; not delicate ; not referved.

Who can fpeak broader than he that has no
houfc to put his head in? Such may rail againft
great buildings. •Shahefpeare.

From broad words, and 'caufe he fail'd
His prefence at the tyrant's feaft, I hear,
Macduff lives in difjjrace. Shakespeare,

Broad as long. Equal upon the whole.

The mobile .ire llill for levelling; that is to fay,
for advancing thcmfclvcs : for it is js broad at long,
whether they rife to others, or bring others down
to them. L'Ejirangc.

Broad-cloth. ». / [from broaei and
cloth.'] A fine kind of cloth.

Thus, a wife tayior is not pinching,
But turns at ev'ry feam an inch in :
Or elfe, be fure, your broad-cloth breeches
Will ne'er be fmouth, nor hold their ftitches. Sv'ift.

Broad-kyed. adj. [fvom broad Mvi eye.]
Having a wide furvey.

In defpitc of broad-eyed watchful day,
I would inro thy bofom pour my thoughts:
But, ah! I will not. Stakefpemt.

B R O

Broad-leaved. eidj. [from ir»iui and
lea/.] Having broad leaves.

Narrow and broad-leaved Cyprus grafs.

ff'^ooj-ivtird on Tojftltp

To Bro'aden. f. n. [from broad.] To

grow broad. I know not whether this

word occur>, but in the following paf-

fage.

Live walks the fun, and broadeni by degreest
Juft o'er the verge of day. tbomfent'

Bro'adly. adv. [from broad, '\ In a
broad manner.

Bro'adkess. n.f. [from broad.] .

1. Breadth > extent from fide to fide.

2. Coarfenefs ; fulforaenefs.

I have ufed the cleaneft metaphor I could find,
to palliate the broadr.ejt of the meaning. Dryden.

Bro'adshoulderbd. adj. [from broezd
and Jhoitlder.] Having a large fpace be-
tween the flioulders.

Big-bon'd, and large of liipbs, with finewt
ftrong;
Broadjhoulder d, and his arms nere round and long.

Dryden.

I am a tall, broadjhenldered, impudent, black

fellow; and, as I thought, every way qualified for

a rich widow. Speilator.

Bro'adside. n.f. [from ^reaa' and _/£/<:.]

1. The fide of a fhip, diftin£t from the
head or ftern.

From vafter hopes than this he fcem'd to fall.
That durft attempt the Biit5lh admiral :
From her broadfidci a ruder Jlame is thrown.
Than from the fiei7 chariot of tlie fun. Waller.

2. The volley of Ihot fired at once from
the fide of a fliip.

3. {In printing.] A iheet of paper, contain-
ing one large page.

Bro'adsword. n. f. [from broad and
fiuord.] A cutting fword, with a broad
blade.

He, in fighting a duel, was run through the
thigh with a broadfword. ffifeman.

Bko'aowise. adv. [from broad and ivi/e.]
According to the direftion of the breadth.
If one fhould, with his hand, thruft a piece of
iron broadmife againft the flat ceiling of his cham-
ber, the iron would not fall as long as the force
of the hand petfevercs to ptefs againft it. Boyle.

BROCA'DE. ». / [brocado. Span.] A
filken fluff, variegated with colours. of
gold or filler.

I have the convcniency of buying and imporcng
rich brocadet. Spedattr.

Or ftain her honour, or her new brocade j f
Forget her pray'rs, or mifs a mafque.aJc. Pope,
Broca'ded. ac//. l^froxa brocade.]

1. Diefl in brocade.

2. Woven in the manner of a brocade.

Should you the rich breaded fuit unfold,
Where riling flow'rs grow ftiff with froftcd gold.

Gay.
Bro'cace. n.f. [from brcie.]

1. The gain gotten by promoting bar-
gains.

Yet fure his hencfty
Got him fmall gains, but Ihamclcfs flattery,
And filthy brocage, and unfccmly ftiifts.
And borrow bafe, and fome good ladies ,:;ift6. Spenf.

2. The hire given for any unlawful office.

As for the politick and wholefsme laws, liey
we e Interpreted to be but brocage of an ufurer,
thereby to woo and win the hearts of the pe.jplc.

Bacvru

3. The trade of dealing in old things ; the
trade of a broker.

Poor poet ape, that would be th>->u£ht our chief,
Whofc Works arc c'cn the tirippery of wit,

Fi(0i

B R O

Frsm irudgi is become fa bold a th'ef.

As we, the robb'd, leave rage, and picy ir. S.JorJ.

4. The tranfaclion of bufinefs for other
men.

So much as the quantity of money is leffened, fo
much muft the (hare of TCry one that has a right
. to this money be the lefrj whether he be landhold-
er, for his g> jds i or labourer, for his hire j or mer-
chant, fnr his hnciige. L'jckc.

BRO'CCOLI. n.f. [Italian.] Afpeciesof
cabbage.

Content with little, I can piddle here
On irocco/i and mutton round the year;
But ancient friends, tho' poor or out of pay.
That touch my bell, I cannot turn away. Peft.

y^BRocHE. See 7« Broach. *

Soi-eaft'ry of Bmillion, at one draught of his
bow, Ihooting againft David'* tower in Jerufalem,
or'.chM three tectlefs bi^ds. Camdm.

Brock, n.f. [bpoc, Saxon.] A badger.
Br o'c K ii T . «./ A red deer, two years old.
Brogue, n.f. [^rof, Irilh.]

1. A kindof flioe.

1 thought he flept; and put
My clouted bnguti tjrom off my feet, whofe rude-

nefj
Anfwer'd my fteps too loud. Sbahffaire.

Sometimes it is given out, that we muft cither
take thefe halfpence, or eat our brogue:. Stvtft.

2. A cant word for a corrupt dialed, or
manner of pronunciation.

Hi^ hrigtjE wi;i deteil mine. Tt2r^ubar.

fVBRO'lDER. -v. a. [iroJir,¥r.] To
adorn with figures of needle-work.

A robe, and a brsidertd coat, and a girdle.

Infant Albion lay
In niantlei troiJtr'J o'er with gorgeous pride.

Bro'idbky. ti.f. [fromiroider.'] Embroi-
dery ; flower-work ; additional orna-
ments wrought upon cloth.

The golden broidery tender Milkah wove,
The bread to Kenna f.icred, and to love.
Lie rent and mangled. Tlckell,

BROIL, n.f. [irouilUr.FT.] A tumult;
a quarrel.

Say to the king thy knowledge of the irol/.

As thuu didft leave it. Siaitj'ftare.

He has fcnt the fword both of civil brtiis, and

public war, amongll uc. ff^kt.

Rude were their re\eU, and obfcene their joys ;

The irtUi of drunlunls, and the iuii of boys.

Grarpvit/e.

To BROIL, v. a. [bruler, Fr.] To drefs
or cook by laying on the coals, or be-
fore the fire.

Some ftrip the flcin, fomc portion out the fpoll.
Some on the fire the reeking entrails broU, Dryd.

To Broil, 'v. n. To be in the heat.

Where have you been broiling f

Among tiic crowd i' th' abbey, where a finger

Could not be wedg'd in raore. Sbakejfure.

Long ere now all the planets and comets had

been broiling in the fun, had tile world lifted from

all curnity. Cheyne.

To BROKE, 1/. «. [of uncertain etymo-
■ logy. Skinner feems inclined to derive
it from To break, becaufe broken men
torn faftors or broken. Cajaubon, from
vfuTltn. Shinner thinks, again, that it
may be contrafted from procurer. Mr.
Lye more probably deduces it from
bnuccan. Sax. to be bi /.] To tranf-
*Si bufinefs for others, or by others. It
is ufed generally in reproach.

He does, indeed,,
And broin with all that can, in' fuch a fuit,
Coriuft tbe teadet boneur of a maid. ihakeff.

B R O

The gains of bargains ars 0^ » more doubtful
nature, when men ihould wiit upon others re-
ctJlity ; broke by lervants and inftruments to drav.
them on. Baccn.

Bro'kinc. particip, adj. Pra£lifed by
brokers.

Redeem from broking pawn the blemilh'd crown,
Wipe off the dull that hides our fceptre's gilt.

Sbakefpeari;.
Bro'ken. [particip. pajf. of break. '\

Preferve men's wits from being broken with the
very i)cnt of io long attention . Hooker.

Bro'ken meat. n.f. Fragments; meat
that has been cut.

Get tiirec or four chairwomen to attend you
conftantly in the kitchen, whqm you pay at ftnall
charges j only with the broktn meat, a few coals,
and all the cinders. Sv^ift.

Bro'kenhearted. adj. [from broken
and heart.'] Having the fpirits cruflied
by grief or fear.

He hath fcnt me to bind up the brokenhearlid.

Ifaiab.

Bro'kenly. <7i/7y. [from broken.'] Without
any regular feries.

Sir Richard Hopkins, hath done fomewhat of
this kind, but brokenly and glancingly ; intending
chiefiy a difcourfe of his own voyage. Hakrwill.

Bro'ker. n.f. [from To broke.]

1. A faiSor; one that does bufinefs for
another ; one that makes bargains for
another.

Brokers, who, having no ftock of their own, fct

up and trade with that of other men ; buying

here, and felling there, and "commonly abuting

both fides, to make out a little paultry gain. Temple.

Some South-fea broker, from the city.

Will purchafe me, the more 's the pity ;

Lay all my fine plantations wafte.

To fit them to hiff vulgar talle. S^vift.

2. One who deals in old houfeliold goods.

3. A pimp ; a match-maker.

A goodly broker f
Dirt you prefume to harbour wanton lines j '
To whifper and confpire againll my youth ? Sbak.
In chufing for yourfelf, you fhew'd your judg-
ment ;
Which being fhaltow, you fhall give me leave
To play the broker in mine own behalf. Sbakefp,

Bro'kerace. n.f. [from broker.] The
pay or reward of a broker. Sec Bro-
cage.

Bro'nCHOCELE. tt. /. [0ioyv.oxi>.tl.] A

tumour of that part of the afpera arteria,
called the bronchui. ^incy,

Bro'nchial. ladj. [^fryx©-.] Belonging

B ro'n c h 1 c k. J to the throat.

Inflammation of the lungs may happen either
in thcbronebial or pulmonary vcffels, and may foon
be communicated from one to the other, when the
inflammation affects both the lobes, jlrbutbnot.

B RON c H o'to M Y.n.f. \_3^!iyK&- and tifiLiiu.]
That operation which opens the wind-
pipe by incifion, to prevent fufFocation
m a quinfey. ^incy.

The operation of bnnebotomy is an incifion into
the afpera arteria, to make way for thl^ir into
the lungs, when refpiration is obftrudted by any
tumour comprcfling the larynx. Sharp's Surgery.

Brond. h./. See Brand. .A fword.

Foolifh old man, laid then the p.ig.m wroth.
That weencft words or charms may force with-
ftond ;
S»n (halt thou fee, and then believe for troth,
That I can carve with this enchanted brond.

, Spenfer.

Bronto'locy. n.f. [^(itrri and ?,(,yla.]
A diHertation upon thunder, DiS.

B R a

ffRONlTE. jr./ l^honxi* Fr.J
I. Brafs.

Imbrown'd with native bnnxe, lo ! Henley

Tunin;^ his voice, and ba'ancing his hands* Fo^e-*

z. Relief, or ftatue, call in brafs.

I. V ew with angpr and djfdain,
How little gives ihte joy and pain ;
A piint, a hrcftxei a flower, a root,
A iheii, a buiteifiy can d,. 't. ■ Prior*

BROOCH, n.f [broke, Dutch. J

1. A jewel ; an ornament of jewels.

Ay, marry, uur chains and our jewels..^
Vour brooches, pearls, and owchts. Shakeffsare^

Richly fuited, but unfejfonabtc \ juft like the
brooch and the toothpick, which we w-a. r'»t now*

Skakfjpeare.

I know him well ; he is the brooch, indeed.
And gem of all the nation. Shak Iprare,

2. [With painters.] A painting all of one
colour. Diiif,

To Brooch, "w. a. [from the noun.} To
adorn with jewels.

Not th' imperious fhow
Of the full-fortun'd Ctefar, ever fhall
Be broocb'd with me. SBakefpearei,

To BROOD, -v. n. [bp^an. Sax.]

1 . To fit as on eggs ; to hatch them.

Thou from the firft
Waft prefcnt, and, with mighty wings outfpread.
Dove-like fat'ft -Woodiiig on the vafl abyfs.
And mad'ft it pregnant. Milton.

Here nature ipreads her fruitful fweetnefs round.
Breathes on the air, and broods upon the ground.

Dryden.

2. To cover chickens under tlie wing.

Exalted hence, and drunk with fecrct joy.
Their young fucceflion all their cares employ ;
They breed, they brood, inftruft, and educate ;
And make provifion for the future (late. Drydcn.

Find out fome uncouth cell.
Where brooding darknefs fpreads his jealous wings.
And the night raven fiugs. Miltm,

3. To remain long in anxiety, orfolicitous
thought.

Defraud their clients, and, to lucre fold.
Sit brwdiug on unprofitable gold. Drydcrt,

As rejoicing mifcrs
Brood o'er their precious {lores of fecrct gold.

Snsnh.

4. To matOTc any thing by care.

It was the opinion of I linias, ao if there were
ever amongft nations i brooding of. a war, and that:
tliere is no fure league but impuiffance to do hurt.

Bacon .

To Brood, v. a. To cheriflv by care.

Of crowds afraid, yet anxious when alone.
You'll fit and b:o<id your forrows on a throne.

Drjdei:^

Brood, n.f [from the verb.]

1. Offspring ; progeny. It is now hardly
ufei of human beings, but in contempt.

The heavenly father keep his bra:d
From foul infection of fo great a vice. Fairfax.
With terrours and with clamours compafs'J
round,
Of mine own brood, that on my bowels feed. Milt.

Or any other of that heavenly brood,
Let down in cloudy tlirone to do the world ftimc
good. Ajt'.ton.

/^Tuin difcourfes of ftorkj, and their affection
toward their brood, whom they in(liu£t to fly.

Broione's Vulgar Errsurs.

2. Thing bred ; fpeci°3 generated.

Have you forgotten I.ybia's burning wafles,
Its barren ruclc3,parcli'd earth, and liills of land,
lt» tainted air, and all its broods of poifon ? Addlf,

3. A hatch; the number hatched at once.

I was wonderfully pleafed to fee the different
woikings of iuftinftia a- hen followed by a brood
of dlH.'Ju»- Sprfialor.

4. Something

B R O

4. Something brought forth i aproduAioD.

Such things'become the hatch and brad of time

SbaktJlieare.

5. The aft of covering the eggs.

Sumeching 's in nis foul,
O'er vhich his melancholy fits on bri>id\
And I d&ubt the hutch and the difclofe
Will be fome dinger. Shakrjfcari.

Buo'cDy. ajj. [from ItrooJ.] In aftateof
fitting on the eggs ; inclined to fit.

The common hen, ail tl<e while fite is broody,
iiti, and leads her cliickens, and ufe;* Toice which
we call clocking, Ray.

3aooK. n./. [bnoc, or bpoca. Sax.] A
running water, lefs than a river.

A fubllitutc Uiines brightly as a king,
Until a king he by ; and then his (late
Empties itfelf, as doth an inland brook
into the main of waters. Shake/fttre,

Or many grateful altars I would rear
Of pially turf; and pile up every ftone
Of luflre from the brock j in memory,
Of aionament to ages. JUiltm.

And to Ccpliifus' brook their way purfue ;
The ilrcam was troubled, but the tord they knnv.

Vryder.,

Springe make little rivulets; thofe united, make
brcoh ; and thofe coming together, make rivers,
which empty themfclvcs into the fea. Loch.

fe BROOK, a-, a. [briucan,Sax.]Tobearj
to endure ; to fupport.

Even they, which brook it worft that men fliould
tell them of their duties, when they are told the
iame by a law, think very well and reafonably of
it. Hooker.

A thoufand more mifchances than this one
Have learned me to brook this patiently. Shakejp.

How ufc doth breed a habit in a man !
This ihadowy defart, unfrequented woods,
I better ^m^ than flourilhing peopled towns. Sbak,

Heav'n, the feat of blifs.
Brooks not the works of violence and war. Miltor:.

Molt men can much rather brook their being
reputed knaves, than for their honefty be account-
ed fools. South.

Reftraint thou wilt not brook ; but think it hard.
Your prudence is not trufted as your guard. Dryd.

To Brook, v. n. To endure; to be con-
tent.

He, in thefe wars, had flatly refufed his aid ;
becaufc he could not brook that the worthy prince
Plangus was, by his cboien Tiridaces, preferred
before hitn. Sidney-

Bro'oklime. n.f.^ [hecabuttga, Lat.] A
Tort of water fpeedwell, very common in
ditches.

BROOM, n.f. lgenij}a; bfiom, Saxon.]

I . A fmall tree.

Ev'ii humble broom and oCers have their ufe.
And flude for iheep, and food for Aocks, produce.

Dryden.

S, A befom : fo called from the matter of
which it is fometimcs made.

Nut a moufe
Shall difturb this hallow'd houfe (
I am fent with broom before,
To fwccp the dull behind the door. Sbak.
If they came into the bell apartment, to fet any
thing in order, they were falutcd with a br^om.

y4rbutbnct-

Bro'omlakd. tt. a [broom and lanJ.]
Land that bears broom.

I hjve kinwn fliiMip cured of the rot, when they
have not been tar gone with it, by being put intJ
broomlands. Moriiri'r,

Bro'omstafp. n.f. [from broom andy?a^;]
The ftaiF to which the broom is bound ;
the handle of a befom.

They fell on; 1 made good my place: at length
they cams Co the brtcmflaffm^ «e ; I defied 'em
*JU. SbakrJl'cart.

B R O

From the age
That children tread this worldly ftige,
Brtcmjlflff at poker they beitride,
And round the parlour li:vc to ride. Prior,
Sir Roger pointed atfomeching behind the door,
which I found to be an old bro'anfiaff. SpeBator.

Bro'omstick. n.f. The fame as broom-
llafF.

When I beheld this, I Cghcd, and faid within
myfeif, Scrilv mobtai. Man is a Broom-
s ricic! Siuift'i Mrditamr.s on a Broomftkk.

Broomy. aifj, [from breom.'\ Full of
broom.

If land grow moiTy or bnomyf then break it up
again. Mortimer.

The youth with broomy flumps began to trace
The kennel edge, where wheels had worn the
placer Stvifi.

Broth, n. /. [bporS, Sax.] Liquor in
which flefh is boiled.

"i'oii may make the bnth for two days, and take
the one half every day. Bacon.

InlVead of light defcrts and lufcious froth.
Our author treats to-night with Spartan brotb.

Southernt.
If a nurfe, after being fucked dry, eats brinh,
the infant will fuck the brotb, almoft unaltered.

Arbuihnot.

Bro'thel. l"/ \bordel, Fr.] A

Bro'thelhouse. I houfe of lewd enter-
tainment ; a bawdyhoufe.

Perchance
I faw him enter fuch a houfe of fale,
Videlicet, a brothel. Shaktfftare.

Then courts of kings were held in high renown.
Ere made the common brctieli of the town 1
There virgins honourable vows recciv'd,'
But challe as maids in moiialVerics liv'd. Dryden.

From its old ruins brothelhoujes rife.
Scenes of lewd loves and of polluted joys. Drydejt.

The libertine retires to the ftews and to the bro-
thel, Rogers.

BROTHER, n.f. [broken, bno«op. Sax]
Plural, brothers, or brethren,

1. One born of the fame father and mother.

Be fad, good brothers ;
Sorrow fo royalty in you appears.
That I will deeply put the falhion on. Sbakefp.

Whilft kin their kin, brother the brother foils,
Like ehiigns all againd like enfigns bend. Daniel.

Thefe two are brethren, Adam, and to come
Out of thy loins. Milton.

Comparing two men, in reference to one com-
mon parent, it is very eafy to form the ideas of
brother,. Locke.

2. Any one clofely united ; affociate.

We few, we happy few, we band o( brothers \
For he to-day that fheds his blood with me.
Shall be my brother, ShaktJ'peare.

3. Any one refembling another in manner,
form, or profeffion.

He alfo that is flothful in his work, is brother
to him that is a great waller. Proverbs.

I will eat no meat while the world ftandeth,
left I make my brother to offend. Corinthians.

4. Brother is ufed, in theological language,
for man in general.

B R o't H E R H 00 D . n.f, [from brother and

hood.]
I . The flate or quality of being a brother.

This deep Jifi;!ai:e of bruterbcod
Touchi-s me deeper than you can imagine. Shak.

fmii brother!, ood in thee no Iharper Ipur ? Shak.

So it bo a right to govern, whether you call it
fupreme fathcihnod, or fupreme bretkerhxd, will
be al! one, provided we know who has it. Locke.

z. An affociation of men for any purpofe ;
a fraternity.

There w^s a fraternity of men at arms, called
the brotherhood of St. George, erciled by parlia-
ment, confilling of thirteea Uie fao& noble an!
worthy perf»n>. Duviis.

B R O

3, A daft of men of the fame kind.

He was fometimes fo engaged among tlie wheels
that not above half the poet appeared ; at other
times, he became as confpicuous as any of the
brotherhood, jiddifon,

Bro'therly. aelj. [from brother."] Na-
tural ; fuch as becomes or befeems a
brother.

He was a pried, and looked for a priell's re»
ward J which was our brotherly love, and the good
of our fouls and bodies. Bacon,

Though more our money than our caufc
Their brotherly afiillancc draws. Denbam,

They would not go before the laws, but fallow .
them ; obeying their fuperiours, and embracing or.e
another in brotherly piety a id concord. Addifcn,

Bro'therly. ad'v. After the raaf.ner of
a brother; with kindnefs and affedion.

1 fpeak but brotherly of him ; but (hould I ana-
tomize lum to thee as he is, I mull blulh an4
weep. Shakf/peare.

Brought, [participle paj/i-ve of bring,]

The Turks forfofik the walls, and could not
be brought again to the afiault. KnoUet*

The inftances brought by our author are but
fler^der proofs. Locke,

BROW. n.f. [bpopa, Saxon.]

1 . The arch of hair over the eye.

'Tis now the hour which all t.t rcil allow.
And fleep fits heavy upon every brotv, Dryden,

2. The forehead.

She could have run, and waddled about ;
For even the day before Ihe broke her brow, Shak,

So we (omr antique hero's ftrength
Learn by his launcc's weight and length ;
As tlicle vaft beams cxprefs the bcatl.
Whole (hady bro^cs alive they drell. ffaller,

3. The general air of the countenance.

Then call them to our prefcnce, face to face.
And frowning brovi to bro^v. Sbah-fpeare*

Though all things foul would bear the bro^os of
grace.
Yet grac^ mull look Hill fo. Shakejpeartm

4. The edge of any high place.

The earl, nothing difmayed, came forwards that
day unto a little village, called Stoke, and tliere
encamped that night, upon the brovi or hanging
of a hill. Bacon,

On the brcfw of the hill, beyond that city, they
were fomewhat perplexed by efpying the French
emhalTador, with the king's coach, and others at-
tending him. fVotioo,

Them with fire, and hoftile arms,
Fearlefs alTauIti an^ to the brotc of heav'n
Purfuing, drive them out fram God and blifs.

Milton,

To BROW. V, a, [from the noun.] To
bound ; to limit ; to be at the edge of.

Tending my flocks hard by, i' th' hilly crofrj
That i/nu this bottom glade. Milton,

To Bro'wbeat. v. a. [from broiv and
beat.] To deprefs with fevere brows,
and ftern or loi'ty looks.

It is not for a magiftrate to frown upon, and
browbeat, thofe who are hearty and cxaiS in their
miniftry ; and, with a grave nod, to call a ro-
folved zeal want of prudence. South,

What man will voluntarily expofe himfclf tothc
imperious bmvbeaiings and fcoros of great men }

L'EJIrangi,

Count Tariff" endeavoured to bnwbcat the plain-
tlff, while he was fpeaking ; but though he was
not fo impudent as the count, he was every whit
ai llurdy. Mdifon,

I will not he browbeaten by the fupcrcilicus looks

of my adverfaries. Arhuthn:i and Pope.

Bro'wboun D.adj. [irom broixi z.vii\ bound.]

Crowned ; having the head encircled as

with a diadem.

In that day's feats.
He prov'd the beft man i' th' Jield j and, for liil

meed.
Was bmv-bouitd with Che oak, Shatejpeare.

' Bro'wsjck.

B R U

B R U

B R U

Bro'wsick. adj. [from hniu and Jtck-I
Dejefted ; Hanging the head.

But yet a gracious influence from you
May alter nature in our hrawfick crew. Stieklirg.

BROWN, adj. [bpun, Saxon.] The name
of a colour, compounded of black and
any other colour.

Brown, in high Durch, is called iraiin ; in the
Netherlands, irajan 5 intrench, cohur brum ; in
Italian, hrurio, Peacham.

1 like the new tire within excellently, if the hair
were a little irvwner. Sbahjpeare.

From whence high Ithaca o'erlooks the floods,
Bnwn with o'ercharging Ihades and penaent
woods. Pofe.

Long untravcUM heaths,
Withdefolation^rswn, he wanders wafle. Tlomfcn.

Bro'wnbill. n.f. [from ^r»w« and ^7/.]
The ancient weapon of the Englifli foot ;
why it is called brotvn, I have not'dif-
covered ; but we now fay brovin mujket
from it.

And hr'.'mr.b'dii, levied in the city,
M.ide bills to pafi the grand committee. Uud'ibrai.
Bro'wnish. adj. [from hrown.^ Some-
what brown.

A hr'jian\pi grey iron-ftone, lying in thin ftrata,
is poor, but runs freely. Wvjdiuard.

Bro'wnness. n.f. [from irowrt.l Abrown
colour.

She would confefs the contention in her own
mind, between that lovely, indeed moft lovely,
brc-wr.ntfs of MuAdorus*s face, and this colour of
mine. Sidrey.

Bro'wnstudy. n.f. [from brown and
Jfudy.l Gloomy meditations ; ftudy in
which we direct our thoughts to no cer-
tain point.

They li\ e retired, and then they do«e awajr their
time in drowfinefs and ^r«wr/?a(//«; or, if biilk
and a^ive, they Iny themfelves out wholly in
mjlcir.g common places. Norri:.

To BROWSE. 1/. a. [brou/er, Fr.] To
eat branches, or flirubs.

And being down, is trod in the durt
Of cattle, ai.d hrimjtd, and forely hurt. Spenfjr.

Thy palate then did deign
The roughed berry on the rudeA hedge :
Vea, like the (lag, when fnow the pafture fheets,
The baiks of trees thou braufcdji. Sbaitjftori.

ToBrowse. "v.n. To feed: itiaufedwith
the particle on.

They have feared away two of my bed fliecp ;
if any where 1 have them, 'tis by the fea-fide,
hrnufing en ivy. Shakcjfiari.

A goat, hard preHed, took fan£luary in a vine.
7»rJ \ fo foon as he thought the danger over, he
fell prefently a irvwfitig b^» the It »ve«. L'EJirange.

Could eat the lerider platit^ and, by degrees,
£ri/wjt on the fhrubi, and crop the budding trees.

Blackmcrc,

The Greeks were the defcendants oi favagcs,

Ignorant c^i agricvlcare, and hrtwjing on hrrbigT,

like catt.e. Arbuibnoi.

Browse, n.f. [from the verb.] Branches,
or (hrubs, fit for the food of goats, or
other animals.

The greedy lionefs the wolf purfucs,
Thewulfthekid, the wanton kid ihe^r:^u>/r. Dryd.

On that cloud-piercing hill,
Plinlimmon, from afar, the traveller kens,
Aftoniih'd, how the goats their ihrubby brcivfe
Gnaw pendent. Phi/it i.

To BRUISE. 'V. a. \_brifer, Fr.] To crulh
or mangle with the heavy blow of fom«-
thing not edged or pointed ; to erufn
by any weight ; to beat into grofs pow-
der ; to beat together coarfeiy.

Fellows in arms, and my moft loving friends,
BiuU'd ucderneath the yoke of tyranny. Shaliff.

Vol. I.

And fix far deeper in his head their ftings,
Than temporal death fliall bru'ife the viftor's heel.
Or theirs whom he redeems. Mihon.

As in old chaos heav'n with earth confus'd.
And ftars with rocks together crafli'd and bru'n'd.

lyallir.

They beatthcirbreaftswith manya^rar^n^biow,
Till they turn livid, and corrupt the fnow. Dryd.

Bruise, n.f. [from the verb.] A hurt
with fomething blunt and heavy.

One ann'd with metal, th* other svith wood,
This fit lor bruij'ey and that for blood. Hudibres.

1 iince h.ive laboured
To bind the bruifet of a civil war.
And (I'op the iflues of their wafting blood. Dryd.

Bru'isewort. n.f. An herb; the lame

with COMFREY.

BRUIT, n. /. [iruii, Fr.] Rumour;
noife ; report.

A bruit ran from one to the other, that the king
was'dain. Sidney.

Upon fome bruits he apprehended a fear, which
moved him to fend Co Sir William Herbert to re-
main his friend. Hayward.

I am not
One that rej-iices in the cODimon wreck.
As common bruir doth put ic, Shiikff^eare.'

To Bruit, -v. a. [from the noun.] To
report ; to noife abroad ; to rumour.
Neither the verb nor the noun are now
much in ufe.

His death.
Being bruited once, took fire and heat away
Fiom the beft temper'd courage in his troops.

Shahfpeare.
It was hmitej, that I meant nothing lef than to
go to Guiana. Rei/tigb.

Bru'mal. adj. [brumalii, Lat.] Belong-
ing to the winter.

-Abo'.it the brumaJ folftice, it hath been obfer-
ved, even unto a proverb, that the Tea is talm, and
the winds do ceafc, till the young ones are exclud-
ed, and forfake their nefts. Brmvn,

Brun,Bran, Brown, Bourn, Burn,
are all derived from the Saxon, bopn,
boupn, bpunna, bupna ; all fignifying a
river or brook. Gihj'on.

Brune'tt. «./. [^/•an«/«', French.] A
woman with a brown complexion.

Vour fair women therefore thought of this
falhion, to inl'ult the olives and the brunettes.

Mdifon.

Bru'nion. n, f. [Irugnen, Fr.] A fort of
fruit between a plum and a peach.

Trevoux.
Bru'nt. n.f. \hrunf}, Dutch,]

1. Shock ; violence.

Erona chofe rather to bide the brunt of war,
than venture him. Sidney.

Cod, who caus'd a fountain, at thy pniy'r,
From the dryiground to fpring, thy thiift t' allny
After the brunt of battle. Milton.

F.iithful minillers are to ftand and endure the
hritnt : a common foldier may fly, when it is the
du'y of hioi that holds the iiandard to die upon
the place. ' South.

2. Blow ; ftroke.

A wicked ambulh, which lay hidden long
In the dofe covert of her guileful eyen.
Thence breaking forth, did thickabouc me throng.
Too feeble i t' abide the brunt fo ftrong. Spcnjcr.

The friendly rug prefcrv'd the ground,
And h' i.iiong knight, from bruife or wound.
Like featherbed betwixt a wall.
And heavy brunt of csnnon-ball. lludibras.

BRUSH. «. / • \_broJe, Fr. from bt^ifcus,
Lat.]

I. An inftrument to clean any thing, by
rubbing off the dirt or foil. It is gene-
rally made of brillles fet in wood.

2. It is ufed for the larger and ftronger
pencils ufed by painters.

Whence comes all this rage of wit ? this arming
all the pencils and brujhes of the town againft me f

StiUingJteet,

With a fmall hrujh you muft fmear the glu- well
upon the joint of each piece. M^xon,

3. A rude aflault ; a fhock ; rough treat-
ment; wliich, by the fame metaphor,
we call Ajcouring.

Lee grow thy finews till their knots be ftrong,
And tempt not yet the brufljcs oi the war. Shai.

It could not be poflible, that, upon fo little a
brup as Waller had fuftained, he could not be able
to follow and difturb the king. Clarendin,

Elle, when we put it to the puHi,
They hai not giv'n us fuch a biujh. Hudibras.
To Brush. 1/. a. [from the noun.]

1. To fweep or rub with a brufli.

If he be not in love with fome woman, there is'
no believing old figns : he brujhes his hat 0' morn-
ing ; what (hould that bode ? Shaiejpeare.

2. To ftrike with quicknefs, as in brufti-
ing.

The wrathful bead about him turned light.
And him (0 rudely palling by, did brujh
With his long tail, that horie and man to ground
did rulh. Spenfer's Fairy Siueen,

Has Somnus brujh'd thy eyelids with his rod ?

Dry den.

His fon Cupavo brujh'd the briny flood.
Upon his ftern a brawny centaur ftood. Dryden,

High o'er the billows flew the mafly load,
And near the fliip came thund'ring on the Hood,
It almoft brujh'd the helm. P'fe,

3. To paint with a brufh.

You have commiflioncd me to paint your Ihop,
and I have done my beft to bruJh you up like your
neighbours. Pope.

4. To carry away, by an aft like that of
brulhing ; to fweep.

And from the boughs bruJh off the evil dew, *
And heal ihe harms of thwarting thunder blew.

Mi/ton,

The receptacle of waters, into which the
mouths of all rivers muft empty themfelves, ought
to have fo fpacious a furface, that as much water
may be continually brujhed oft" by the winds, and
exhaled by the fun, as, ^efides what falls again, i»
brought into it by all the rivers. Bentley.

5. To move as the brufh.

A thoufand nights have brujh'd their balmy
wii;gs
Over thefe eyes. Dryden.

To BsusH. f. n.

1. To move with hade : a ludicrous word,
applied to men.

Nor wept his fate, nor call a pitying eye.
Nor took him down, but bruJh d regardlcfs by.

Dryden,

The French had g.ither'd all their force,
And William met thi?m in their way j
Vet off" they brujh'd, both foot and horfe. Prior-,

2. To fly over ; to (kim lightly.

Nor love is always of a vicious kmd.
But oft to virtuous :ifls inflames the mind.
Awakes the (leepy vigour of the foul.
And, brujiing o'er, adds motion to the pool. Dryd.

Bru'sher. «./. [horn brujk.] He that
ufcs a brufii.

Sir Henry Wotton ufed to fay, thatcriticks were
like brujhers of noblemen's cloatlis. Bacon.

Br,u'shwood. »./ [from ^ra/f?" and wW.
I know not whether it may not be cor-
rupted from bro^fe ivood.] Rough, low,
clofe, (hrubby thickets ; fraall wood fit
for fire.
It fmokes, and then with trembling breath fli«
blows,
Till in a cheerful bUze the flames arofc.

Hh Witfc

B R U

With bnifimiKi, and with ch'pi, /Se ftrengthcns
thefe,

And adds tx lad the boughs of rotten trees. Drydtn.

Bru'shy. aJj. [from brujh.'\ Rough or
fliaggy, like a brulh.

I fufpeOed, that it might have proceeded from
fome fmall unhi:eded drop of blood, wiped off by
the brupj fubftance of the nerve, from the knife
wherewith it was cut. Bcylc.

TVBru'stle. •v.n. [bpaj-tban. Sax.] To
crackle ; to make a fmall noife. Skinner.

Bru'tal. adj. \brutal, French ; from
brute.'\

1 . That which belongs to a brute ; that
which wc have in common with brutes.

There is no oppoHng brutal force to the (Ira-
tagents of human reafon. L^EJlrange.

2. Savage ; cruel ; inhuman.

The brutal bus'nefs of the war
Is manag'd by thy dreadful fcrvants care. DryJin.
BRu'TALitY. n. f. [irutalite. Ft.] Sa-
vagenefs ; churlilhnefs ; inhumanity.

Courage, in an ill-bred man, has tlie air, and
efcapes not the opinion, of brutality. Lode.

7'e Bru'talize. 1/. ». [hrutalifer, Fr.]
To grow brutal or favage.

Upon being carried to the Cape of Good Hope,
he mixed, in a kind of tranfport, with his coun-
trymen, brutalized with them in their habit and
manners, and would ncTcr again retura to his fo-
reign acquaintance. Milijon.

To Bru talize. 'V. a. To make brutal

or favage.
Bru'tally. atlv. [from brutal.l Chur-

lithly ; inhumanly ; cruelly.

Mrs. Bull aimed a knife at John, though John
threw a bottle at hejr head, very brutally indeed.

Arhuthrtot.

BRUTE. aJj. [brutus, Latin.]

1. Senfelefs ; unoonfcious.

Nor yet arc we fa low and bafe as their athcifm
would deprefi us j not wjlking ftatues of clay, not
the fons of brute earth, whofc final inheritance is
death and corruption. B^niley.

2. Savage ; irrational ; ferine.

Even brut! animals make ufe of this artificial
way, of making divers motions to have feveral fig-
nifications, to call, warn, chide, cheriih, threaten.

Uilder.

In the-promulgation of the Mofaick law, if f
much as a brute beaft touched the mountain, it
was to be ilruck through with a dart. Sautb.

3. Beftial ; in common with beaAs.

Then tofubdue, and quell, throusli all the earth,
Brute violence, and proud tyrannic p:jwV. Miltott.

4. Rough ; ferocious ; uncivilized.

The brute philofophcr, who ne'er has prov'd
The joy of loving, or of being lov'd. Fcpe.

BauTE. It. /. [from the adjeftive.] An
irrational creature ; a creature without
reafon ; a favage.
What may this mean ? Language of man pro-
nounc'd
By tongue of brutt, and human fenfe cxprefs'dl

Milicn.
To thofe three prefent imrulfes, of fenfe, me-
mory, and inrtinfl, moft, if not all, the fagacitics
of brutei may be reduced. Hale.

Brutet may be confidered as either aerial, terref-
trial, aquatick, or amphibious. I call thofe aerial
which ■have wing^, wherewith they can fupport
themfclves in the »ir : terrcOrial arc thofi-, whofc
only place of rcit is upon ih: earth ; aquacick are '
thofe, whofc conftant abode is upon the water.

Luke.
Heav'n from all creatures hides the book of fate.
All but the page prefcrib'd, this prtfent ftate j
From brutei what men, from men what fpirits

know;
Or who could fuffer being here below ? feft.

BUB

7b Brute. <i>. a. [written ill {<n iruit."]
To report.

This, once hrated through the army, filled tbem
all W'ith hcavincfs. Knollei.

Bru'teness. n. /. [from brute,] Bruta-
lity; a word n6t now ufed.

Thou dotard vile.
That with thy brutenefi Jhcnd'il tliy comely age.

Sj?erffr.

To Bru'tifv. -v. a. [from hrutt.] To
make a man a brute.

0 thou fallacious woman ! am I then brutifiedf
Ay J 1 feel ic here ; I fprout, I bud, 1 am ripe
horn mad. Cbngreve.

Bru'tish. adj. [from brute.]

1. Beftial ; relembling a bealL

Oliris, Ifis, Orus, and their train.
With monftrous fliapes and forceries abus'd
Fanatick Egypt, and her priefts, to feck
Their wand'ring gods difguis'd in brutijh forms.

Miltin.

2. Having the qualities of a brute ; rough ;
favage ; ferocious.

Brutes, and htuiifh men, arc commonly more
able to bear pain than others. Crew.

3. Grofs ; carnal.

For thou thyfelf haft been a libertine.
As fcnfual as the briiiijh fting itfelf. Sbakejfeare.

After he has flept himfelf into fomc ufe of liim-
felf, by much ado he ftaggcrs to his table again,
and there afls over the fame Irutijb fcene. Seutb,

4.. Ignorant ; untaught ; uncivilized.

They were not fo brurijh, that they could be
ignorant to call upon the name of God. Ihiker.

Br w'nsHLY. adv. [from brutijh.'] In the
manner of a brute ; favagely ; irration-
ally ; grofsly.

1 am not fo diffident of myfelf, as brutijhty to
fubmit to any man's dilates. King Charles.

For a man to found a confident praftice upon a
difputable principle, is brutijhiy to outrun his rej-
fon. South.

Bru'tishness. 7!./. [from ira/z/Z'.] Bru-
tality ; favagenefs.

All other courage, bcfiaes that, is not true va-
lour, but brutijht.fji. i^prr.tt.

Br y'ony. K.yl [brjonia, hziim,] A plant.
BuB. n. /. [a cant word.] Strong malt
liquor.

Or if it be his fate to meet
With folks who have more wealth than wit.
He loves cheap port, and double Bubf
And fettles in the humdrum dab. Prkr.

BU'BBLE. fi. /. [bobbd, Dutch.]

1 , A fmall bladder of water ; a jilm of
water filled with wind.

Bubbles arc i:i the form of a hemifphere ; air
within, and a little /kin of water without : and it
fcemeth fomcwhat ftrange, that the air Ihould rife
fo fwiftly, while it is in the water, and when it
Cometh to the top, /houid be ftaycd by fo weak a
cover as that of the bubble is. Bacon.

The colours of bubbles, with which children
play, are various, and change their fituation vari-
oully, without any tefpeft to confine or fltadow.

JVrti-ron.

2. Any thing which wants folidity and
firmnefs ; any thing that is riiore fpe-
cious than real.

The earl of Lincoln wr,s induced to pa'ticipate,
not lightly upon the ftrength of the proceedings
tliere, which was but a bubble, but upon letteis
from the lady Margaret. Bacon.

Then a foldier.
Seeking the bulble reputation,
Even in the cannon's mOuth. Shaiefpeare.

Vfis, he fung, is toil and trouble.
Honour but an empty bubble,
Fighting Aill, and ItiU deftroyiog. Dryden.

B U C

3. A cheat ; a falfe fhow.

The nation then too late will find,
Dire<Jors proinifes but wind,
Suuth.fea at beft a mighty bubble. Swift,

4. The perfon cheated.

Ceafc, dearell mother, ceafe to chide ;
Gany '5 a cheat, and I'm a bubble;
Yet why this great excefs of trouble ? PW:r.

He has been my bubble thefe twenty years, and,
to my certain knowledge, underftands no more of
bis own affairs, than a child in fwaddling clothes.

jirhuthnu.

To Bu'bble. v. n. [from the noun.]

1. To rife in bubbles.

Alas ! a crimfon river of warm blood,
Like to a bubbling fountain ftiir'd with wind.
Doth rife and fall. ShaitJ/Kijre.

Adder's fork, and blindworm's Hing,
Lizard's leg, and owlet's wing :
For a charm of pow'rful trouble.
Like a hellbroth boil and bubble. Shak.-ffetre.

Still bubble on, and pour forth blood and tears.

Drydett,

The fame fpring fufters at fome times a very
manifefl rvmiffion of its heat ; at others, as ma-
nifsft an increafe of it; yea, f'>metimci to that
excefs, as to make it boil and bubble with extreme
heat. H^Ktdvard.

2. To run with a gentle noife.

. For thee the biibbling fprings appcar'd to mourn.
And whifpering pines made vows for thy return.

Drydeitt
Not bubbling fountains to the thirfty-fwain.
Not (how'rs to larks, or funfliine to thcfbee.
Are half fo charming as thy fight to me. Pcpe.

To Bu'bble. v. a. To cheat: a cant
word.

He tells me, with great paflion, that (he has
bubbled him out cf his youth ; and has drilled him
on to five and fifty. Addif^n.

Charles Mather could not bubble a young beau
better wi:h a toy. Arbuthr.ot,

Bu'bbler. n.y. [from bubble.] A cheat.

What words can fuffice to expicl's, how infi-
nitely I edecm you, above all the great ones in thia
part of the world ; above all the Jew:^, j ibbers, and
bubblers I , b^igby to PeJ>t.

Bu'bby. ». /. A woman's breaft.

Foh ! fay they, to fee a handfome, brilk, genteel,
young fellow, fo much governed by n .iuJt'n^ old
woman j why don't you go and fuck the tyubtjy f

jitbuthnot,

Bu'bo. n.f. [Lat. from /3aC», the groin.}
That part of the groin from the bend-
ing of the thigh to the fcrotum ; and
therefore all tumours in that part are
called buboes. i^incy.

I fuppurated it after the manner of a bubo,
opened it, and endeavoured deteilion. fFiJttnan,

Bubonoce'le. «. /. [Lat. from Sieviv,
the groin, and xii\r,, a rupture.] A par-
ticular kind of rupture, when the intisf-
tincs break down into the g;oin. ^incy.
When the inteftinc, or omentm. , Mils through
the rings of the abdominal mufclcs m;o tlie groin,
it is called hernia inguinaiis, crif into the fcrotum,
Jcrotalis : thefe two, tiiough the firil only is pro-
pcrly fo called, are known by the name of bubonocele.

Sharp,

Bu'bukle. 11. /. A red pimple.

His face is all bubukles, and whelks, and knobs,
and flames of fire. Shtikefbetire.

Bucani'ers. n.f. A cant word for the

privateers, or pirates of America.
Buccei-la'tion. «../". [I>uccella,z mouth-
ful, Lat.] In fome chymical authors,
fignifies a dividing into l.irge pieces.

H rris.
BUCK. n.f. [bauche. Germ, fuds, or lye.]
1 . The liquor in which clothe* arewafhed.

B»tkl

BUG

Bud ! 1 wsuld I could wa(h myfelf of the iucl i
I warrant you, buck, and of the feafon too it (hall
appear. Slakejf>eere.

2, The clothes wa(hed in the liquor.

Ot lace, not able to tiavcl wiih her turred pack,
/he waflies bucki here at hom?. Skah/fear;.

BUCK. 1./. [l"w.-h, Wellh; ioci, Dutch;
iouc, Fp.] The raale of the fallow deer 9
the male of rabbits, and other animals.

Bucks, goats, and the Ike, ar^ laid to betripp'ng
or laiiar.t, that is, going or leaping. Penct.m.

To Buck. -v. a. [from the noun.] To
wa(h clothes.

Here is a bafket ; he may creep in here, and
thrnw Ibul linen upon him, as if it were goii-g to
hufk'mg. Slatefj-eare.

TeBvcK. V. ti. [from the noun.] To
copulate as bucks and does.

Tile chief time of fetting traps, is in their inci-
irrjr time. Martimer.

Bu CKBASKET. »./ The balket in which
clothes are carried to the wafh.

They conveyed nie kito 3l huckhajiet j rammed

me in with foul (hirts, foul ftockJDgi, and greaiy

nackin?. Slakefpfijri.

Bu'cKBEAN. n./. [teci/ioerten, Daicii.] A

plant ; a fort of trefoil.

The bitter naufeous plants, as centaury, huek-
Barte, gentian, of which tea may be made, or wines
by intulion. Fiv/ir.

Bu'cKET. a.y". [^fl^M/, French.]
1. The vcffel in which water is drawn ont
of a well.

Now is this golden crown like a deep well.
That owes two buckets, filling one another ;
The emptier ever dancing in the air,
The other down unfecn, and full of water. Shak.

Is the fca ever likely to be cvapofttcd by the fun,
or to be emptied with buckers ? BcntUy,

3. The veflels in which water is carried,
particularly to quench a fire.

Nowftiects grow throng'd, and, buf)^as by day.
Some run for burkcts tj the hallow'd q-.iire ;
Sotne cut the pipes, and fome the engines p'ay ;
And fome, more bold, mount ladders to the hre.

The porringers, that in a row
Hung high, and maje a glitt'ring fljiw.
To a lefs noble fubftancc chang'd.
Were now but leathern iutkits rjng'd. Siv'ift.

BU'CKLE. ti.f. [b-jj-cl, Wellh, and the
fame in the Armorick ; boucle, French.]

1. Alinkof raetal, with a tongue or catch,
made to fallen one thing to another.

Fair lined flippers for the cold.
With buckles of ihe pureft gold. Shakejfxare.

The chlamys was a fort of Ihort cloak tieil w th
:i buckle, commonly to the right Oiouldcr. jirbuih.

Th:'-c feal-rings ; which after, melted duv.n,
Form'd a vaft buckle ffT his widowii g-iwn. ho^'t,

2. The frate of the hair crifped and curled,
by being kept long in the fame ftate.

The greateft beau was dreffed in a flaxen peri-
wig ; the wearer of it goes in his own hair at
home, and lets hit wig lie in buckle for a whole
half year. Spectator,

That live-lung wig, which G«rgnn't felf might
own,
Eternal bmile takes in Parian ftone. Vofe.

Ts Bu'cKLE. ii. a. [from the noun.]
I, To fallen with a buckle.

Like fjphire, pearl, in rich embroidery.
Buckled below fair knighthood's bending knee.

Shak'ffjcart.
France, whofe armour confcience buckled on,
Whim zeal and charity brought to the field. Sh.tk-

Thus ever, when 1 buckle on my helmet,

Thy fears a:1iidt r^ee. ■ Philift.

When yu carry yourmifter's riding coat, wrap

your owa \u it| and tuiUe Cbcm up clofe with a

(irap. Sivifi.

BUG

2. To prepare to do any thing : the meta-
phor is taken from huckling on the ar-
mour.

The Saracen, this hearing, rofe amain.
And catching up in hafte his three fquare fhicld.
And fliining helmet, foon liim buckled to the field.

, Hjxnjtr.

3. To join in battle.

The lord Gray, captain of the men at arms,
was forbidden to charge, until the foot of the avant-
guard were huctlcd with them in front. Hayuiard.

4. To cc.ifine.

How brief the life of man
Runs his erring pilgrimage !
.^ That ths ftrctching of a fpan
Buckles in liis fum of age. Sbaleffcare,

To Bu'cKLE. f. n. \_hucketi. Germ.]

1. To bend ; to bow.

The vvrctch, whole fever-vreaken'd joints,
Like ftrength!:;fs hinges, buckle under life,
Impitient of h's fi:, breaks like a lire
Out of his keeper's arms. Shakffpetirf,

2. To buckle to. To apply to ; to attend.
See the a3i-je, 2d fenfe.

Now a covetJUi old crafty knave.
At dead of night, ihall raifc his fon, and cry,
Turn out, you rogue ! how like a beall you lie !
Go, buckle 10 the law. Drydcn.

This is to be done in children, by trying them,
when thw-y are by lazinefs unbent, or by avocation
bent another way, and endeavouring to make them*
buckle to the thing propofcd. Lccke.

3. To buckle ivith. To engage with ; to
encounter ; to join in a cloie fight, like
men locked or buckled together.

For Ciigle comba'., thou fhalt buckle nu'ith me.

$bjkeff>eare.
Yet thou, they fay, fnr marriage doll proi idc ;
Is th'S an age to buckle lulb a briJe ? Dryden.

BU'CKJLER. n./. [b~v:cclec/, Wellh ; bou-
cl.Ur, Fr.] A Ihield ; a defenuve weapon
buckled on the arm.

He tonk my arms, and while I forc'd my way
Through tro.jps of foes, which did our pafTige ftay;
My buckler o'er ray aged father calV,
Stiil fighting, ftill defending, as I paft. Drydcn.

This meiial compliments the emperor ai the Ro-
mans did i':(X itor Fabius, when they called him tljc
buckler of Rome. Mdifii.

To Bu'cKLER. 'V. a. [from the noun.]
To fupport ; to defend.

iear. r.ot, fwect wench, they ihall not touch
« thee. Kale ;
I'll buckler thee againJt a m'UlIon'. ShakeCfeare,

Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right,
N jw luckltr falihoud with a pedigree ? Sbaktfp,

Bu'cKLER-THOftN. 71./. Chrift's tliora.

Bu'cKMAST. n./. The fruit or malt of
the beech tree.

Bw'cKRAM. v./. [bougran, Fr'.] A fort of
ftrong linen cloth, IlifFened with gum,
ufed by taylors and ftaymakers.

1 have pcppcied two ot tlum j two, 1 am fure, I
have paid, two rogues in buckram I'uits. Shakcfp.

Bu'cKRAMS. n. /. The fame with luild

garlick.
Bu'cKSHORN Plantain, n. f. [arono-

pus, Lat. from the form of the leaf.] A

plant. Miller.

Bu'ciCTHORN. n.f. \rhamnus, Lat. fup-

pofcd to be fo cilli'd from bucc. Sax.

the belly.] A tree that bears a purging

be^ry.
Bo'cKWHEAT. n.f. [buckiveila. Germ.

fagopyrum, Lat.] A plant. Miller.

Buco'LlCK.a<j). [/Jot/xiAixa, from |3ol'X6^®',

a cowherd.] Falloral.

P U F

BUD. n, /. \boutfn, Fr.] The firft Ihoot
of a plant ; a gem.

Be as thou was wont to be.
See as thou waft wont to fee J
Dian's bud o'er Cupid's flower
Hath fuch force and blelTed power. Shuk^f,
Writers fay, as the moil forward bud
Is eaten by the canker ere it blow.
Even fo by love the young and tender wit
Is turn'd to folly, blaftin*^ in the bud,
Lofing his verdure even in the prime. Sbakefpeere,

When you the riow'rs for Chloe twine.
Why do you to her garland join
The meaneft hud that falls from mine ? Prior.
Infeils wound the tenJcr buds, with a long hol-
low trunk, and depofu an egg in the hole, with a
(harp corroding liquor, that caufeth a fwelling-in
the leaf, and clofeth the orifice. Btntly.

To Bud. v. n. [from the noun.]

1. To put forth young fhoots, or gems.

Bud forth as a rofe growing by the broofc-of the
field. Eccl.

2. To rife as a gem from the ftalk.

There the fruit, that was to be gathered from

fuch a confiint quickly budded out. Chrendott,

Heav'n gave hrmall at once, then fnatch'd away.

Ere mortals all his beauties could furvey :

Juft like that flower that buds and withers in a day.

Dryden,
Tho' lab'ring yokes on their own necks they
fear'd
And felt for budding horns on their fmooth fore-
heads rear'd. Dryden's SiUnui,

3. To be in the bloom, or growing.

Young budding virgin, fair and freih and fweet.

Whither away, or where is thy abode ? Sh^kcfp*

To Bud. 1/. a. To inoculate ; to grafF by

inierting a bud into the rind of another

tree.

Of apricocks, the largcft is much Improved by
budding upon a peach llock. Temple,

To BUDGE. -J. n. [bouger. Fr.] To Ilir;
to move off the place ; a low word.

All your prifoners are
Iji the lime grove, which weatherfends your cell.
They cannot budge till your rclcafe. Sbakefpeare.
The moufe ne'er fliunn'd the cat, A they did
budge
From rafcals wotfe than they. Sbakefpeare,

1 thought th' badft fcorn'd to budge
For fear. Hiidilras.

Budge, ailj. [of uncertain etymology.]
Surly; llifF; formal.

O Ibolilhnels of men I that lend their ears
To thofe budge doftors of the (loick fur. Milton.

Budge, n. /. The dreffed (kin or fur of
lambs. ' D/ifl.

Bu'doer. n.f. [from the verb.] One
that moves or ilirs from his place.

Let the-firtt iudger die the other's (lave.
And the goJs doom him after. Shjkefpenre,

Bu'dget. n.f. [bogetu, French.]

1. A bag, fuch as may be eafily carried.

If tinkers may have leave to live.

And bear th * fowlkin budget ;
Tlien my account Iwell may give.

And in the ftncks avouch it. Shahifptartt

Sir Robert Clifford, in whnfc bofom, or budget,

mod of I'crkin's fecrets were laid up, was corns

into England, Baccn,

His budget with corruptions cramm'd.

The contributions of the damn'd. Swift,

2. It is ufed for a ftore, or ftock.

It was nature, in fine, that brought off the.cat,
when the fox's whole budget of inventions failed
him. VEJtrange,

Buff. n.f. \iroxa buffalo. 1

I . A fort of leather prepared from the
flcin of the buffalo ; ufed for waift belts,
pouches, and military accoutrement*. ■
H b 2 A ropy

B U F

BUG

B U L

A fopy chain of iheumt> • v'llage roogh,
DfforcoM, unfeatur'd, and a (kin of htiff, Dry/ln.

2. The fliins of elks and oxen dreffe'd in
oil, and prepared after the fame manner
as that of the buffalo.

3. A military coat made of thick leather,
fo that a blow cannot eafily pierce it.

A fiend, a fairy, picilefii and rough,
Ji wolf, nay woife, a fellow all in buff. Shakeff.

To BUFF. T. a. \huffc, Fr.] To flrike :
it is a word not in ufe.
Tbtre was a fliock.
To have kuff'd out the blood
From aught but a block. Ben yotifm,

BVFFJLO.n.f. [Ital.] A kind of wild
ox.

Become tjie unworthy browfe
Of huffaloti, fait goats, and hungry cows. Vryiin.

Bu'ffet. n. f. [huffeto, Ital.] A blow
with the fill ; a box on the ear.

■10, I could divide myfcU, and go to huffcts, for
moving. fuch a di(h of (kimmed niilk with fo ho-
nourable an action. Slr^keffeare,

A man that forttinc's tvffets and rewards
Has ta'en with equal thanks. Hhjkijfeare,

Co, baffled coward, IcA I run upon thee.
And with one iuffit lay thy ftrufture low. Milnn.

Round his hoUow temples, and his cars.
His buckler beats ; th« fun of Neptune, ftunn'd
With thefe repeated buffm, quits the ground.

DryJen^

Buffe't, ti. /. \luffette, Fr.] A kind
of cupboard ; or fet of (helves, where
plate is fet out to (hew, in a room of
entertainment.

The rich hufftt well-colom'd ferpents grace,
And gaping Tritons fpewtowalh your face. Pipe.

To Bu'ffet. o^. a. [from the noun.] To
Arike with the hatid ; to box ; to beat.

Why,. woman, your hulband is in his old lunes
again i he fo buffets himfelf on the forehead, crying.
Peer out, peer out ! that any madnefs, I ever yet
beheld, fcemed but tamenefs. Shateffeare.

Our ears are cudgell'd ; not a word of his
But Uiffji better than a fid of France. Sbakeff.

The torrent roar'd, and wc did buffet it
^ith lufty finews; throwing it afide. Sbahff.

Inftantly I plung'd into the fea.
And biffilittg the billows to her rrfcue,
Redeem'd her life with half the lofs of mine.

Otiuay.

y»Bu*FFET. x>. «. To play a boxing-
match .^

If I might buffet lor my love, I could lay on like
a butcher- Shaktfpeare^s Henry V.

Bu'ffeter. «./. [from buffet."] A boxer;

one that buffets.
Bu'ffi.e. ». / [ieu^tyVr.] The fame

with iuffale ; a wild ox.
To Bu'pFtE. -v. n. [from the noun.] To

paz7.Ie ; to be at a lofs.
This was the utur ruin of that poor, angry,

hujiing, well-meaning mortal, Piftorldes, who li»s

equally under the contempt of both parties. Stu'ift.

Bu'ffi.eheaded. adj. [from tuffle and
head.'] A man with a large head, like a
bufEilo ; dull ; ftupid ; foolilh.
BUFFO'ON. «./. [biffon, French.]
J. A man whofo profeffion is tomakefport,
by low jells and antick poftures ; a jack-
pjdding.

No prince would thlnkJjimfelf greatlyhonoured,
to have his proclamation canv?(fcd on a publick
ftage, and b;comc the fport of I'uffeunu IVarts.

2. A man that praftifas indecent raillery.

It is the nature of di lis a:.d buffoons, to be in-
folent to tbofc that will beat it, and flavifh to
•then. VEpiuigt,

The bold buffxn, whene'er they tread the green,
Their motion mimiclu, but with jcft obfcene.

Garth.
BuFFo'oNERY. «./ [hom buffoon.]

1. The praflice or art of a buffoon.

Courage, in an ill-bred man, has the air, and
cftfapes not the opinion, of brutal'ty ; learning be-
ctloes pedantry, and wit buffoonery. Locke.

2. Low jells ; ridiculous pranks ; fcurrile
mirth. Dryden places the accent, im-
properly, on the firft fyllable.

Where pubiick miniAers encourage buffoonery,
it is no wonder if buffoons fet up for publick mi-
nillcrs. L'EJIrange.

And while it lafts, let buffoonery fucceed.
To make us laugh ; for never was mure reed.

Dryden.

BUG. n. f. h. (linking infeft bred in old
houfehold (luff. In the following paf-
fage, wings are erroneoufly afcribed to
it.

Yet let me flap this bug with gilded wings.
This painted child of dirt, which Hinks aid Kings.

Pofi.

Buo. \"-f- [It is derived by fome

Bu'gbear. 3 from ^^, by others from
pug ; bug, in Welfh, has the fame mean-
ing.] A frightful objeil ; a walking
fpeftre, imagined to be feen : generally
now ufed for a falfe terrour to frighten
babes.
Each trembling leaf and whifUing wind they
hear.
As ghaftly bug their hair on end docs rear.
Yet both do ilrive their fearfulnefs'to feign.

Fairy Slueen.
Sir, fpare your threats ;
The bug which you would fright me with, I feek.

Sbakejfearc.

Haft not flept to-night ? would be not, naughty

man, let it flecp ? a bugbtar take him. Shakejf.

Wc have a horrour for uncouth monfters ; but,

upon experience, all thefe bugi grow familiar and

eafy to us. Vi.jirar.ge.

Such bugbear thoughts, once got into the tender

minds of children, fink deep, fj as not eafiiy, if

ever, to be got out again. Locke,

To the world, no bugbear is fo great.
As want of figure, and a I'mall eftate. Pcpe.

Bu'goiness. t!./. [from buggy.] The

(late of being infedled with bugs.
Bu'ggy. adj. [from bug.] Abounding

with bugs.
Bu'ole. \n. /. [from bujen. Sax.

Bu'glehorn.J to bend, 5^/«»<r ; from
bticula, Lat. a heifer, Junius ;■ from
bugle, the bonafus. Lye.] A hunting
horn.

Then took that (quire an horny iug/e fmall.
Which .'ung adown «is fide in twifted gold.
And ta(li.-ls gay. Fairy Slutcn.

1 will have ^ rccheate winded in my forehead,
or hang my bugle in an invifible baldrick. Shakejp.

He ga>e his Ivgle horn a blaft,
That through the woodland ecno'd far and wide.

Ticheil.

Bu'gle. n, /. A (hining bead of black
glafs.

y!uf/f bracelets, necklace amber,
Ptrfum'd fir a lady's chamber. Sbakeff. are.

'Tis not your inky brows, your black filk hair.
Your bugle eye-balls, nor your cheek 01' cream,
That can cntame my fpirits to your w>rtbip. Shak.
Bu'gle. n. /. [from hugula, Lat.] A,
plant. Miller.

Bu'gle. ». / A fort of wild ox.

Phillips's World of Words.
Bu'oLOSs. «. f. [from buglojjum, Lat.]
The herb ox-tongue^

To BUILD. 11. a. preter. I huiU, I have
built. [Itlden, Dutch.]

1 . To raife from the ground ; to make a
fabrick, or an edifice.

Thou (halt not build an houfe unto my name.

Cbromtlet*
When ufurera lell their gold in the field,
And whores and bawdL. do clvirci cs build* Sbak*

2. To raife in any laboured form.

When the bca.-drcfs was built up in a couple of
cones and fpirrs, which ilood fo excelfiveiy high on
the fide of the head, that a woman, who was but a
pigmy without her head-dre(s, appeared like a Co.
lofTus up' n putting it on. Sjje^at^r*

J, To raife any thing on a fupport or
foundatioiu

Love built on beauty, foon astesuty, dies ;

Choofe this face, changed by no deformities. Donne*

I Would endeavour to deftroy thofc curiou", but

groundlefs ftrudurcs, that men have built up of

opinions alone. Ssyle,

To ButLD. 'V.n.

1 . To play the architeft.

To build, to plant, whatever you intend.
To rear the clumn, or the arch to bpnd. Pofe.

2. To depend on ; to reft on.

By a man's authjrity, we here underlland the
force which his word hath for the alfurance of ano-
ther's mind, that buildetb upon it. Hooker^

Some build rather upon the abufing of others,
and putting tricks upon them, than upon foundnefs
of their own proceedings. Bann.

Even thofe who had nut taAed of your favours,
yet built fo much on the fame of your bene(iccnce,
that they bemoaned the lofii of their expcfiacions.

Dryden*

This is certainly a mucli furer way, than to build
on the interpretations of an author, who d-.es not
confider huw the ancients uled to think. Addi^tn,

Bui'loer. «./. [from build.] He that
builds ; an architedl.

But fore-accounting ol't makes builders mifs ^
They found, they felt, they had no Icafe of blils.

Sidfiey,
When they, which had feen the beauty of the
firft temple built by Solomon, beheld how fa- it
excelled the fccond, which had not builders of like
abilities, the tears of their grie\etl eyes the prophet*
endeavoured, with comforts, to wipe aw.iy. Honker
Mark'd out for fuch an ufe, as if 'twere meant
T' invite the iuiuler, and his choice prevent.

Denbam*
Her wings with lengthenM'honour let her fpread.
And, by her greatnefs, (liew her iai/aVr's fame.

Prior,

Bui'lding.b./ [from^;«7^.] Afabrick;
an edifice.

Thy fumptuous buildings, and thy wife's attire.
Have coft a mafs of publick t.'eafury. Shakeffeare*

View not this fplre by meafure giv'n
To buildings rais'd by cimmon hands :
That fabrick riles high as hesv'n,
Whofe bafis on devotion (lands. Prior.

Among the great variety of ancient coins which
1 faw at Rome, 1 could not but take particular
notice of fuch as relate to any of the bmiliiir.gs or
ftatues that are ftiU extant. Addijin.

Built. »./. [from build.]

1 . The form ; the (Iruflure.

As is thi! built, fo ditfcrcnt is the fight;
Their mountain lliot is on (yir fails defign'd ;

D-ep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, ;
And through the yielding pianks a paffage find.

Dryden^

2. Species of building.

There is hardly any country, which has f,> little
(hipping .is Ireland; the reafon muft be, the ic.\r-
city of timber proper for this built. lemple*

BULB. n.f. [from buli'ut, Lat.] Around
body, or root.

T.ikc up your early autumnal tulips, and bulbs,
if you will remove them. Evelyn's Kitcndar,

11-

B U L

1( wt con/iJer the iu!i, or bill of the eye, the
exteriour membrane, oi coat the.-e<ii", is made thick,
tough, or ftreng, that it is a very hard Ejattcr ^o
make a rupture in it. Ray,

Bvlb'aczovs. ai/J. [ialiaceia.Lzt.'} The
lame with bulbous. Diti.

Bul'bous. a,//, [from i*a/^.] Containing
bulbs ; coniilling of bulbs ; having
roand or roundifh knobs.

There are -/f roots, huii'.ui ro^ts, fibrous foots,

ard liirfute roots. And 1 take it, in the bulhcu ,

the fap hafteneth more to the air and fun. Bucr,

Set up your traps for vermin, efpeciailj amor^ii

your in/icaj roots. Evelyn's Kituriar.

Tneir leaves, after they are fwelled out, like

a hulbcut root, to make the bjttic, bend inward, or

come again clofe to the ftalic. Rjy on the Crtat.

To Bulge, ij. n. [It was originally

written ktlge : bilge was the lower part

of the ftiip, where it fwdled out ; from

bili5. Sax. a bladder.}

I. To take in water ; to founder.

Thrice round the fhip was toft.
Then iutg'd at once, and in the deep was loft.
~, . DryJin.

3. To jut out.

The fide, ur part of the fii; of a virall, or anv
timbcrthat iutges from its bottom or foundation,
is faid te batter, or hang over the foundation.
^ . Moxan's Mtchavkal Extrafts.

axi LIMY. »./ [gsAiaU, from g^c, an ox,
and /if*i;, hunger.] An enormous appe-
tite, attended with fainting, and co!d-
nefs of the extremities. Dia.

BULK. n.f. [bulcie, Dutch, the breaft, or
largeft part of a man.]

I . Magnitude of material fubftance ; mafs.

Againft thefe forces there were prepared near one
hundred fliips ; not fo great of hulk indeed, but
of a more nimble motion, and more ferviceablc.

Battm s HW loilh Stair..

The Spaniards and I'ortuguefe have ftips of
great tu,k; but fitter for the merchant than the
man ot war, for burden than for battle. Raltirh.
Thoufh an animal arrives at its full g.cvth
at a certiia age, perhaps it never comes t" it,
fMtulk till thr Iia period of life. Ai-butLnai.

2. Size ; quantity.

Thingt, or ohjeels, cannot enter into the mind
as they fu^f.ft in themfclvei, and by their own
natural bull pafs into the apprchenfion j hut they
are taken in by their ideas. Sni;h.

3. The grofs; the majority} the main
mafs.

Thofe very points, in which thefe wife ineii
difagreed ttom the tulk of the people, are pomts
m which they agreed with the received do«r.nes of
our nature. AJdij„n-, FruULUr.

Lbargc in property, through the hulk of a na-
tion, makes flow marclics, and its due power a'
ways attends it Svfiji.

'I he iulk of the debt mull be leflencd gradua.h. .

4. Main fabripk.

He rais'd a fi^li fo piteous and profound,
Th.it it did fcern to Ihattcr all his 6u/k,
And end his being, Shakijpuri.

5. The mam part of a fhip's cargo; as,
to brcoA tulk, is to open the cargo.

Bulk. «./ [from biehie, Dan. a beam.]
A part of a building jutting out.

Here ftjnd behind thisAWi.Straightwitlhecome:
Wear thy good rapier bare, and put it hotr.e. i4«*.

'i;he keeper coming up, found Jack with n'
hfe in him ; he took down the body, and laid it
on a bulk, and brought .ut the rope to the Com-
Pj"/' ArouihmV: Hift. cf J. Bull.

E j' I, K H E A D. n./. A partition made acrofs

;B U L

:Bt;'LKiNEss. n.f. [Trava, buUy.] Great-
nefs of flat u re, or fize.

Wheat, or r.ny other grain, cannot ferve in-
(had of monej;, bccaufe qf its bulkinefs, and
change of its quantity. Lc^kc.

Bu'lky. adj. {hom. bulk.] Of great fizc
or ftatu{e.

Latreus, the iulkieft of the double race,
Whom tlie fpoil'd arms of llain Halefus grace.

Drydcn.
Huge Telephus, a formidable page.
Cries vengeance ; and Oreftcs' bulky rage,
Unfatisfy'd with margins clofeiy writ.
Foams o'er the covers. Drydcr,.

The manner of fea engagements, which wjs to
bore and link the enemy's (hips with the roftra,
givs bulky and high fljips a great advantage.
_,-., , . Arbutbmt.

BULL. ». / IbulU, Dutch.]

I . The male of black cattle ; the male to

B U L

a cow

A gentlewoman. Sir, and a kinfvvoman of mv
mailer's — Even fuch kin as the parifti heifers arc
to the town i«//. Shak,fp,^,e.

BuUi a.-e moic crifp upon the forehead than

„ ^ "*s- Bacon.

BeH age to go to buH, or calve, we held.
Begins at four, and ends at ten years old. Mm.

2. In the fcriptural fenfe, an enemy pow-
erful, fierce, and violent.

Many buih have coiiipalTcd me; ftrong bulls of
Baflian haie befet me round. Pfahm.

3. One of the twelve figns of the zodiack.

Ac laft from A:ics rolls c e bounceoua lun,
And the britjh' Bull receive; lilm. rhomjon.

4.. A letter publilhed by the pope.

_ A bull is lct;crs called apoftoiick bv the cano-
nifts, ftre:it;'hened v»-ith a leaden feal, and contain-
ing in th.-m the decrees and commandments of
the pope r,r bifli.-p of Rome. .^yliffc.

There wis another fore of ornament wore by thf
young nobility, called bulla; rouni, or of the
figure . f a heart, hung about *heir necks like dia-
mond crilTes. Thole hulU came afterwards to
be hu.'.g to the diplomas of the emperors an J popes.
frori whence the) had the n.ime of bulls. Arbuih.
It was n.t till :,';er a frelh bull of l.eo's had de-
clared haw inflexible the court of Rome was in the
P"'"V'','" ''";'''"• yllttrbury.

5. A blunder; a contradiclion.

I confrfs it is wha; the Englllh alii bull, ]■-,

the expieffion, though the f nfe be manif-d

p"""S'': . P„pe',Lrt!tn.

DUhh, m comjjofition, generally notes the
large ilze of any tivog, as bull-head,
butrujh, bull-trout ; ai,J is therefore oniv
an auijincnlative fyllable, without much
reference to its original fignification.

Bt;i.i,-EAiTiNo.7/./. [^rom^<'/and,iaiV.]
The fport of baiting bulls with dogs.

Wliat am I the wilcr for knowing that Trnjan
was .n the fifth yejr of his trihuncihip, when he
■eatfctainci the pcr.pic with ahoilc-race or buil-

BuLL-BSBF. «. /. [from bull and W.I
Coarfe beef; the flelh of bulls.

They want their porr.dge and their fat lull-
„ '•"■'"■'• ■ Siak/i^car,.

Bi;M.-BEot7AR. n. f. [This word proba-
bly came from the infolence of tholo who
begged, of raifed money by the pope's
buH.J Something terrible; fomcthine

rr. Tr.r-l.. -,i-ri,i. . '.1 e^

_ And, Falftaft', you carried your guts away as
nimbly, and roarod for mercy, and ftill ran an*
roared, as ever I heard a bull-calf. Shaktjpeare.

Bull-dog. n.f. [from ^a// and </(!^.] A
dog of a particular form, remarkable
for his courage. He is ufed in baiting
the bull ; and this fpecies is fo peculiar
to Britain, that they are faid to degene-
rate when they are carried to other coun-
tries.

All the harmlefs part of him Is that of a bull-,
dog; they are tame no longer than they are not
„ offended- j4dd;fo„.

BuLL-FiNCH. n. f. [rubicilla.] A fmall
bird, that his neither fong nor whiftle
of its own, yet is very apt to learn, if
taught by the mouth.

Phillips'! World of Words.
Tlie blackbird whifties from the thorny brake,.
The mellow bull-finch anl'wers from the groves.

BuLL-FLY. 1 K.f. An infea.

B u L L - B E E . 5 Phillips's World of Words.

BuLL-HE.AD. n.f. \_ham bull Tixxii hcad:\

1. A ftupid fellow; a blockhead.

2. The name of a filh.

The miller's thumb, or hull head, is a filh
of no pleafiT-g (hjpe ; it has a head big arid flat,
much greater than luitable to its body ; a mouth
very wide, and ufually garing; he is without teeth,
but his lips arc very rough, much like a file ; he
hath two rti.s near to his gills, which are roundilh
or crefted ; two fins under his bellv, two on the
back, one below the vent, and the' fin of the tail
IS round. Nature hath painted the body of this
filh with whitiih, blackiih, brownifli fpots. Thcy
are ufjaily full of fpawn ail the fummer, which
fwclls their vents in the form of a dug. The
bull-htad begins to fpawn in Apiit j in winter we
know no more what becomes of them than of
eel! or fwaliows Waltn.

3. A little black water vermin.

Phillips's World of Words.
Bull-trout. «. / A large kind of
tfout.

There is, in Northumberland, a trout called a
hull-trcut, of a much greater length and hignefs
than any in thefe fjuthern parts. Walton.

Bull-weed. n.f. The fame with W-

•weed.
Bull-wort, or Bishot's-weed. n.f.

[ammi, Lat.] A plant.
Bu'llace. tt. f. A wild four plum.

In Oflober, and the beginning of November,"
cnine fervices, medlars, bullaces ; rofes cut or
removed, to come late ; holyoaks, and fiich like.

Biiccrt.

to fright children with.

a fhip, with boards, whereby one par

is divided from another.

Harris.

■*hcfe fulminatinns from the 'Vatican were
turned into ridicule ; and, as they were called bull
*'K"-!, tiiey were ulcd as words of fcorn aiid
conernpt. ^y^,_

Bt;LL.CALF. n.f [from bull and calf]
A he-calt ; uled .'or a ftupid fellow:
a terra of reproach.

Bu'llet. n.f [boulet, Fr.] A round ball
of metal, ufu.-illy (hot out of guns.

As when the dcvililh iron engine, wrought
In d-cpeft hell, and fn.m'd by furies (kiU,

With windy nitre and quick fulphur fraught.
And ramm'd with bullet round, ordain'd to kill.

GiafFer, their leader, defpcrately fighting a-'
mongft the foremoft of the janijarict, was at once,
mot with two builtts, and flain. Knolles.

And as t'e built, fo difl'erent is the fighti
Their mountii,g fhot-is on our fails defign'd ;

Deep in their hulls our deadly biiUets light,

And through the yielding.planks a palfage find,

7, f D^ydcn.

Bu LLiON. n.f \liUon, Fr.] Gold or lilvcf

in the lump, unwrought, uncoined.

1'he balance of trade rau^t of ncccfiity be re.
turned in coin or bullion. Bacon..

A fecond multitude,
With wond'rous art, found out the malTy ore.
Severing each kind, aad fcumm'd the buliion drofj.

Miltcn,
Mulinn

B U L

BuH'nn ii filver whofe workminlhip has no va.
lut. And thus foreign coin hath no value htre
for its Aampi and our coin is builiin in foreign'
(laminions. Leclr,

In every vrffil there it ftowage for immenfc
treafoi e;, when.the cargo is pure huHhr. ' Adi'ifun,

B u I. L i't J o N . «./. [ from hulUo, Lat, ] Tije

• att or ftate of boiling.

Tliere is to be obftrved in thefe difliilutions,'
which will n jt eafily inci^rporace, what the effeflt
are, a» the buititmi, the precipitation to the b't-
torn, the ejacalation towards the tup, the fuff^i-
lion in the mldft, and the like. Bac-i:,

Bu'llock. n.f. [from /;*//.] Ayoan|rbull.

Why, that's fpotcen liicc an honcft drover: fo

they fell in/fo,lj. Sbakrjtcare.

Same drive the herds; here the fietLC btiHockl

fcorns '

Th' appointed way, and tuns with threat'ring

horns. CmvKy.

Until the tranfportation of cattle into England

f0 was prohibited, the q:iiclccft trade ot" rcidy money

here was driven by the fale of young bullock!.

'temfU.
Bu'lly. n.f. \Skinmr derives this word
from burlyt as a corruption in the pro-
nunciation ; which is very probably
right ; or from bulky, or huU-eyeil ;
which are lefs probable. May it not
come from bull, the pope's letter, im-
plying the infolence of thole who came
invefted with authority from the papal;
court?] A noify, bluftering, quarrelling
fellow : it is generally taken for. a man;
that has only the appearance of courage. '

Mine h. ft or' the garter!— What f,iys my bully
rock! Speak I'cholnrly and wifely. Shahtfpeafc.

All on a fuJtien the doors fl?\v-ope:i, and in
C3mcs a crew of roaring buli.es, with their wf r*chc>,
their dogs, and th?ir bottles, VEftriingr.

'Tij ^o iidic"ious, but fo true withal, *

A lully cannot fleep without a brawl. Dryd<n. .

A f^oiJiog hero is, at the w^tft, a more toierabl*:]
charafier than a£i>//y iiipcic'.ccati. AJtiipri.

Tlje little man is a bully in his naturc,_but,
when he grows cholericl^, I cooAne Kim tm his
wr.nth is over. AJJif'>n,

To Bu'lly. i;. a. [from the noun.] To
overbear with noife or menaces.

Pientices pari.li civrks, and hectors meet,
He that is drunk, orbully^d, pays the treat. JCir^.

7c Bu'lly. v. n. To be noify and quar-
relfome.

Bu'lrush. n.f. [from W/ and rfl/&.] A
large rufh, fuch as grows in rivers, with-
out knots ; though Dryden has given it
the epithet knotty ; confounding it, pro-
bably, with the reed.

To make fine cages for the nightingale.
And baskets o( bulrujbes, was my wont. Spenfrr.

Ail my praifes are but as a bulrujh caft upin .1
dream; they are born by the ftrcngth of the cur-
rent.- t>rydtn.

The edges were with bending oiicrs crown'd;
The knolty bulrujh next in order ftood,
And all within of reeds, a trembling wood. Dryden.

BU'LWARK. n. /. [bol'wercke, Dutch ;

probably only from its ftrength and

largenefs.]
1. What is now called a baftion.

But him the fquiie made quic:;ly to retrcar.
Encountering fierce with fingle (word in hand.
And 'twixt him and bis lord did like i bultC'arl
ftand* Spfnjer.

They oft repair
Their earthcm tulviarh 'gaiitft the ocean flood.

Fairfax.
We have huhvarkt ronnd nj ;
Within our wills aic troops cnuc'd to toil. Addijm.

8

6 U M

2. A fortification.

Taking.avvay needlefs ti(An'«r*j, di*er» were dc-

mpliftied upon the fea eoafts. Hayward.

Our nival ftrength i« a biiheark to the nation. ■

jUJifn,

3. A fecurity ; a fcreen ; a flielter.

Some making the wars their b-.ltvart, that have
before go:ed the gentle bofom of peace witli pillage
and robbery. Shaieffturr.

To Btj'i.wark. v. a. [from the noun.]
To fortify ; to ftrengthen with bulwarks.

And yet 00 balivjrid town, or diftant coaft,
Prefcrves the beauteous youth from being fccn.

BUM. ft.f. [bomme, Dutch.] The buttocks ;
the part on which we lit.

The Ajfcll aunt telling the faJJeft tale,
S metinie for threefoot ftool millaketh me,
Then (lip I from her*u>», down topples flie. Stai.

This faiii, he gently rais'd the knight.
And fct him on his bum upright. Hudihrat.

From dufty (hops neg tiled authors come.
Martyrs of pres, and relickj of ttie bum. Drydrn.

The learned Sydenham does not doubt.
But profound tliought will bring the gout ;
Ar d that with hum on couch vre lie,
Becaufc our reafon's foar'd tdo high. W— — n.

Bumba'ilifp. m. f. [This is a corrup-
tion of bound bailiff, pronounced by
gradual corruption botin, bun, bum bai-
liff] A b.tiliff of the meanell kind;
one that is employed in arrtib.

Go, Sir Andrew, fcout me for him at the corner

of t!ie orchard, like a bumbailif. Shakeffeare.

Bu'mbard. n.f. [wrong written for ^owj-
bard; which fee.] A great gun j a
"blackjack; a leathern pitcher.

Yond fa-nc black cloud, jond huje one looks
Like a foul bumbard, that would iheu bis liquor.

SbakeJlie.irc.

Bu'mbast. n.f. [falfely written for bom-
haji \ bombafi and bombufim being men-
tioned, with great probability, by Ju
nius, as coming from boom, a tree, and
fein, filk ; the filk or cotton of a tree.
Mr. Stecvcm, with much more probabi-
bility, deduces them all from bomhycinus.']

1. A cloth made by fewing one fluff upon
another ; patchwork.

Thi ufual bumbajl of black bits fcwed into er-
mine, our Engliih women arc made to think vi-ry
fine. Greio.

2. Linen (luffed with cotton; (luffing;
»vadding.

. Wc ha\e receiv'd your letters full of love.
And, in our maiden council, rated them
Aj couit(hip, pleafant jcft, and courtefy.
As bumbajl, and as lining to the time. Staieff.

Bump. n.f. [perhaps from bum, as being
prominent.] A fwelling ; a protube-
rance.

h had upon its brow a bumf as big as a young
cockrel's (lone; a perilous knock, and it cried
bitterly. Shokeffcari.

Not though his teeth are beaten out, his eyes
Hang by a ftring, in bufn[>s his forehead rile. Dryd.

To Bump. v. a. [from homhrn, Lat.] To
make a loud noice, or bomb. [See
Bo.MB.] It is applied, 1 think, only to
the bittern.

Then to the water's brink (ho laid her head.
And }i a bittour buwp> within a rccd.
To thee alone, O lake, (he faid— ' Drydt.

Bu'mper. n.f. [from bump.} A cup filled
till the liquor fwells Over the brims.

4'lace. his delight
All d.ry in playing buK'psrt, and-Ht n'.ght
Reels to the bawds, fiydcn's Juvtnal.

BUN

Bv'mpkin. n.f. [This word is of un-
certain etymology ; Henjhaiu derives it
from pumiin, a kind of worthlefs gourd,
or melon. This feeuw harlh ; yet we
ufe the word cabbage-bead in the iame
fenfe. Bump is ulad amongd us for a
knob, or lump : may not bumpkin be
much the fame with clodpate, l.ggerhead,
block, and blockhead?} An awkward
heavy ruilick ; a country lout.

The poor*i(m/fi'!, that had never heard of fuch
delrghts before, bicded herl'elf at the change of het
condition. L'EJfrarge.

A h:avy buirfkiir, taug!>twith daily ca:e,
Can never da^ce three rteps witii a becoming air.

Dryden,
In his white cloak the raagiftrate appea.'s ;
The country iunpiia the fame liv'rj' wears. DryJ,
It was a favour to admit them to breeding j
they might be ignorant bumf kins and clowns, if
they plcafeJ. - Lccke.

Btj'MPKlNLY. <7<^'. [from btimpkin.'] Hav-
ing the manners or appearance of a
clown ; clownilh.

He is a fimple, blundering, and yet conceited
fellow, who, aiming at defcription, and the ruftick
wonderful, gives an air of bumfklnly romance to
ail he tells. , Ctarifa.

BUNCH. «. / [buncker, Danifti, the
crags of the mountains.]

1. A hard lump ; a knob.

They will carry their trealures upon the iiwriri
of camels, to a peopie chat ihall not prulit them.

Ifiiiah, XXX. 6.

He felt the ground, which ho ha<t wint to find
even and foft, to be grown hard, with little round
balls or buiichis, like hard boiled eggs. A'Tyi.

2. A duller ; many of the fame kind grow-
ing together.

Vines, with cluft'ring buKcbft growing. Sbak.

Tiiim faid, that he knew no better rule for the
diftribution of the lights and rtiadows, than iiia
obfcivation drawn from a hunch of grapes. DryJ,

For tliL-e, large banetes load the bending vtne,
- And the lad bleirings of the vi-ar are thine. Dryd.

3. A number of things tied together.

And on his arms a tumt of keys he b.)re.

Fairy ^een.

All .' I know not what ye call all j but if I
fouglit not with fif:y of them, I am a buncb of
radd;fl>. Slekcffeare.

Ancient Janus, with his double face '
And baiKi of keys, the porter of the place. Dryd!,

The mother's bur.b of keys, or any thing they
cannot hurt thcmreives with, ferves to divert little
children. Loikf.

4. Any thing bound into a knot : as, a
bunch of ribbon ; a tuft.

Upon the top of all his lofty creft, ,

A buit^h of hairs difcover'd diverfly.
With fprinkled pcavl and gold full richly dreff.

Sfcnfir.

To Bunch, f. n. [from the noun.] To
fvvcU out in a bunch; to grow out in
protuberances.

It has the refemblancc of a champignon before
it is opened, bu.tcbiag out into a large round knob
at one end. fVoclward.

Bunch ba'ck ED. ad/, [from bunch and
back.] Having bunches on the back j
crookbacked.

The day (Ijall come, that thou (haltwi(h foroie,
To liclp tbeecurfe this pois'uuus huncbiacVd toad.

Rbaktjpeare,

Bu'vcHiNEss. n.f [from ^««r^.] The
quality of being bunchy, or growing in
bunches.

Bu'nchy. adj. [from Lunch.} Growing
ia bunches j having tufts.

He

BUN

BUR

BUR

He IS more efpecially diftinguiiHeJ from otFer
birds, by his iur.cby tail, and the ihortnefs of hii

legs. Cr(XV.

BUrNDLE. n.f. {b^^nble, Sax, frombynb.]
\. A number of things bound together.

As to the turjlts of pi^nrins in parliament, diey
were, for the moft part,"j)«titJOOS of private per-
fons. I'.ale.

Try, lads, can you this bandU break; —

Then bids the youngeft of the fix

Take up a well-bound heap of flicks. Sivift.

2. A roll; any thing rolled up.

She carried a great bundle oi Flanders I:ice under
her arm ; but Anding hcrlelf overloaden, (he drop-
ped the good man, and brought away the lund.'e.

To Bu'ndle. t/. a, [from the noun.] To
tie in a bundle ; to tie together : with
«/.

We ought to put things together as well as we
can, dcFtr'wae (aufj ; but, after all, feveral things
will not be humiUd up together, under our terms
and ways of fpeakirg. Lnke,

See hnw the double nation lie?.
Like a rich coat with fkirts of frize ;
As if a man, in malcing pjftcs,
Should hur.dU thirties up wiih i-ofes. Snuifr*

BUNG, n./ [i!ng, Welfh.] A Hopple for
a barrel.

After three' nights are expired, the next morn-
ing pull out the l>'-"lg ftick, or plug. MulMir.

T'oSvftG.'v.a. [ from the noun. ] To Hop ;
to clofe up.

Bo'nghole. n.f. [from ^a«f and ic/c-l
The hole at which the barrel is filled,
and which is afterwards ftopped up.

Why may not imaginatinn trace the nobleit duft
of Alexander, till he iinil it Hopping a liurgldt f

Shaktjpeart,

To BU'NGLE. T. ». [See Bungler.]
To perform clumfily.

When men wane l^ghr.

They mak£ but lur^gling woik. Drydtir,

Letters t) me ate not fe!do:n opened, and then

feated in a burtgUng manner before they come tc

my hands. ^ivlfi.

To Bu'ngle. f. a. To botch ; to manage
clumfily ; to conduct awkwardly : with
up.

Other Jevi's, that fuggeit by treafons.
Do botch anit bungU uf dtm ati n.
With patchu, cclouriy juid with forms, being

tctcht
From gl'd'ting femblancej of piety. Shaii/fearc.
They make lame mifchicf, thco^b they mean
it well :
Their int'reft is not finely <*tawn, and hid.
But fcams are roarfcly bun^hd up, and (cen. Dryd.

Bu'nole. n.f. [tVom the verb.] A botch ;
an awkwardnefs ; an inaccuracy ; a
cluBify performance.

Errours and hunglti are committed, when thf
matter is inafc or contumacious.

Ray 9Tt tbf Crtalhr..

Bu'mgler. «.y. [^lu^^/^'r, Wellh; y. Ion
y glcr, i. e. the lad or loweft of the pro-
feflion. DavUi.'\ A bad workman ; .-i
clumfy performer ; a man without Ikill.

I'jintcrs, at tlx 6rli, were luch buH^/trt, md f"
ruile, that, wl.cn they drew a c«w or a h^g, rhc)
were fain to write over the head what it wai ;
othcrwife the beholder knew not what to m^ke of
it. Ptacham en DrjKvlng.

Hard features every bungler can command .
To .iraw true beauty (hews a maftcr** hand. Dryd.

A burgUr thus, who fcarce the nail can hit,
With driving wrung will make the paonci fplit.

S-uif!.
Bu'itCLlNGLy. ad-v. [from bungliag.l
Cluoifily; awkwardly.

To denominate them monSets, they muft have
had fomo fyilem of parts, compounded of folids
and fluids, that executed, though but burglingly,
their. peculiar furdlions. Bcnilry.

BuNN. n.f. [bunelo, Span ] A kind of
fweet bread.

Thy for.gs are fwceter to mine ear.
Than to the thirty cattle rivers clear.
Or winter porridge to the iab'ring yojth.
Or bunn$ and fugar to the damftrs tnutli.

Gay^i Pafl'jrals,

Bunt. //./ [corrupted, as 5>(;«ffr thinks,
from bent.] A fwelling part; an in-
creafing cavity.

'I he wear is a frith, reaching flopewife through
the ooze, from the land to low water mark, and
having in it a bunt, or cod, with an eye-hook,
where the fifli entering, upon the coming back
with the ebb*, are flopped from ilTuing out again,
forfaken fay the water, and left dry or> the ooze.

Cartnu.

To Bunt. f. ». [from the noun.] Tofweli

out : as, the fail buuts out.
Bu'nter. n.f. A cant word for a woman

who picks up rags about the ftrect ; and

ufed, bv way of contempt, for any low

vulgar woman.
Bu'ntikg. n.f. [emberizaalbal The

name of a bird.

I twk this lark for a bunting. Shaktffieare.

Bu'ntinc. n.f. The ftuff of which a
(hip's colours are made.

BUOY, n f Houi', or boye, Fr. boya, Span.]
A piece of cork or wood floating on the
water, tied to a weight at the bottom.

The filhermen, that walk upon tie beach.
Appear like mice ; and yond tall anchoring bark
Dimlnifh'd to her cock; her cock a buoy,
Almoft too fmall for fight. Sbakefp. King Lear.

Like bucyi, that n<^'cr fink into the flood.
On learning's furface we but lie and nod.

Pipe's Dunciad.

To Buot. 1'. a. [from the noun. The u
is mute in both.] To keep afloat j to
bear up.

All art is ufed to £nk epifcopacy, and liuncli
prelbytery, in England ; which was lately buoyed
up in Scotland, by the like artifice of a covenant.

King ChurUi.

The water which rifes out of the abyfs, for the
fupply of fprings and rivers, would not have ftoppe 1
at the furface of the earth, but marched direflly
up into the atmofphere, wherever there was heat
enough in the air to continue its afcent, and buy
it up. JVccdivard' s Natural Hijiory,

7« Buoy. v. k. To float ; to rife by fpe-
cifick lightnefs.
Rifmg merit will buoy Up at laft.

Pope's EJfay on Criticifm.
Buo'yANCY. n.f. Ifrom buoyant.] The
quality of floating.

All the winged tribes owe their flight and buoy-
ancy to it. Dertam't Phyfui-Theohgy.

Buo'yant. adj. [from ^«^_)i.] Floating;
light; that which will not fiuk. Dry den
ufej the word, perhaps improperly, for
fomething th't has denfity enough to
hinder a floating body from finking.

1 fwom with the tide, and the water under me
was buoyant. Dry den.

His once fo vivid nerves.
So full ot buoyant fpirit, now no more
Infp're the courfe. Tbomfon^t j4utumn.

Bur, Bour, Bor, come from the Sax.
bup, an inner chamber, or place of ihade
and retirement. GJifoii's Camden.

Bur. n.f. \_ltippa : bonrre,Fc. is down ;
the bur lieing filled with a foft tcmcntum,
or down.] A rough head of a plant.

called 2i burdock, which Hicks to the hair
or clothes.

Nothing teems

But hateful docks, rough thirties, keckfies, hurt,

Lofing both bcautj' ajjd utility. Shatsfp. Henry V.

Hang ofl", thou cat, thou bur', vile thing, let

loofe ;

Or I wilt ihakc thee from me like a ferpent. Shak,

Depti;dents and fuitors are always the burs, and

fometimes the briers, of favourites. fVot'^!..

"Whither betake her
From the chill dew, amongrt rude burs and thirties.

Mill on.
And where the vales with violets once were
crown'd,
Now knotty iuri and thorns difgrace the ground.

Vtyden.

A fellow (luck like a bur, that there was no

(haking him off. Arhuthnot's Hiji.offohn Bull.

Bu'rbot. n.f. A filh full of prickles.

Dia.

Bu'rdelais. n.f. A fort of grape.

BU'RDEN. n.f [hyphen. Sax. and there-
fore properly written httrthen. It is
fuppofed to come from burdo, Lat. a
mule.]

1. A load ; fomething to be carried.

Camels have their provender
Only for bearing burdens, and fore blows
For finking under them. Shakefp. Coriclarut.

It is of ufe in lading of rtiips, and may help to
fliew what burden, in the feveral kinds, they will
bear. Bacon^s Pbyjlcal Remjinsi

2. Something grievous or wqjbrifome.

Couldft thou fuppart
That burden, heavier than the earth to hear ?

Mi/ton.

None of the things that are to learn, fliould ever

be made a burden to them, orimpofed on them as

» talk. Locke.

Deaf, giddy, helplcfs, left alone.

To all my friends a burden grown. Stoifti

3. A birth : now obfolete.

Thou hadft a wife once, callM i^milia.
That bore thee at a burden two fair fons. Shakejp.

4. The verfe repeated in a fong ; the bob ;
the chorus.

At ev'ry clofe flic made,^h' attending throng
Reply'd, and bore the burden of the fong.

Dryden's FaHe!.

5. The quantity that a (hip will carry, or
the capacity of a (hip : as, a (hip of a
hundred tons burden.

ToBu'rden. nj.a. [from the noun.] To
load ; to incumber.

Burden not thyfelf above thy power.

Ecclus. xiii. 2.

I mean not that other men be ealed, and you

burdened. Corinthians, viii. 13.

With meats and drinks they had fuffic'd,
Not burden d nature. Milton.

Bu'rdener. n.f. [from burden.] A

loader ; an oppre(ror.
Bu'rdenous. iidj. [^xom. burden.]

1. Grievous; opprelfive ; wearilbme.

Make no jcft of that which hath fo carneftly
pierced me through, nor let that be light to thee
which to me is fu burdenous. Sidney.

2. Ufelefs ; cumbcrforae.

To what an 1 be uleful, wherein fcrve.
But to fit idli: on the Houihnld hearth,
A burd^nous drone, to vifitauts a gaze.

Milt^.n^s Sampfon Agonijltt.
Bu'rdensome. adj. [from burden.'\
Grievous ; troublefome to be born.

His leifurc told him that his time was come,
And lack o\ load made his life burderjft,n:e. Milton*

Could 1 but live till burdenjome they prove.
My life would be imworta! as my love.

Dryden's Indian ErMcrour.
AliTftancci

BUR

AffiftancM ilwayt attending ui, ujion the eafy
condition of our prayere, and by which the moft
burdchme duty will become light and eafy. Rogtn.
Bu'rdensombness. n. /. [from burdtn-
/om.] Weight j heavinefs ; uaeafinefs to
be born.
BvuDOCK. n. /. [per/elata.] A plant.
Bureau'. «. /. [iui^au, Fr.] A cheft of
drawers with a writing-board. It is
pronounced as if it were fpelt iuro.
For not the deik with filver nails,

Nor bureau of expence,
Nor ftandilh well japann'd, availl

To writing uf good feme. Siv'ifi.

Burg. n./. See Burrow,

Bu'rcace. n.f. [hom burg, 01 burrow. '\

A tenure proper to cities and towns,

whereby men of cities or burrows hold

.their lands or tenements of the king,

•or other lord, for a certain yearly rent.

Couuell.

The grofs of the borough Is furveyed together

"in thl beginning of the county j but there are fome

other particular burgages thereof, mentioned under

the titiea of particular men's pofli:(rions.

Halt's Origin of M,inkiKd,
Su'rgamot. n.f. \bergamotte, Fr.]
I . A fpecies of pear.
«. A kind of perfume.
Bu'rgaket. In./, [from burginote, Fr.]
£u'rgonet. 3 A kind of helmet.

Upon his bead his gliftering burganel.
The wliich 5?(is wrought by wonderous device,
And curioufly engraven, he did fit.

Sjienfir's Muiofetm^s.

This day I'll wear aloft my hurgomt, ,
Ev-'n to affrigiit thee with the view thereof. Shai.

I was page to a footman, carrying after him his
pike and burganet. Hiikewi!'.!"' Prtrvideact.

^URGEO'IS. n.f. [bourgeois. Fr.]
1. A citizen; a burgefs.

It is a republic itfclf, under the protcftion of
the eight ancient cantons. There are in it an
hundred burgcois, and about a thaufand fouls.

JUiiifin '.n Itj/y.

Z. A type of a particular fort, probably
called fo from him who firft ufed it ; as.
Laugh where we muft, be candid where we
can.
But vindicate the ways oTGod to man. Pope.
Bu'rcess, n.f. [bourgeois, Fr.]
I . A citizen ; a freeman of a city or cor-
porate town.
Z. A reprefentative of a town corporate.

The whole cafe was difperfed by the knights of
fiiires, and burgejfes of towns, through all the veins
of the land. — tVotlor:.

BURGH, n.f. [See Burrow.] A cor-
porate town or burrow.

Many tjwns in Cornwal, when they were firft
.sllowed to fend burgqlTes to the parliament, bore
another prop )rtbn to London thiin now; for fevcra.
■of thefe burghs fend two burgelfes, whereas t-on-
don itfclf fends but four. Crau/ic.

Blu'rghbr. n.f. [from burgb.] One who
has a right to certain privileges in this
or that place. Loch.

It irks me, the poor dap{)kd fools,
Being -native burghers of this dcfart city.
Should in thilr own confines, with furlCvd heads.
Have their round haunches gor'd.

Shakcfjfteare's Asycu like it.

After the multitude of the common people was

difmifled, and the chief of the hurghers fent for,

tlie imperious letter was read before the better fjrt

of citizens. Knollts.

Bu'rghership. n.f. [from burgher.'\
The privilege of a burgher.

BUR

Bu'romastbr. See Burcomajtkr.

Bu'rclar. n.f. One guilty of the crime
of houl'ebreaking.

BU'RGLARY. n.f. [from burg, a houfe,
and larron, a thief.]

In the natural fignihcation, is nothing but the
robbing of a houfe j but, Xi it is a term of art, our
common lawyers reftrain it to robbing a houfe by
night, or breaking in with an intent to rob, or do
fome other felony. The like oftence, committed
by day, they call houfe-robbing, by a peculiar
name. CenotU.

What fay you, father ? Burglary is but a venia!
fin among foldicrs. DrydcrCs Sfanijh Friur.

Bu'rgomaster. n. f. [from burg and
majlcr.'\ One employed in the govern-
ment of a city.

They chufe their councils and Ivrgomajltrs out
o{,the burgcois, at in the other governments ot
SwitacrUnd. Add<fcr..

BuRH, is a tower; and,- from that, a
defence or proteftion : fo C'-wenburh is
a woman ready to aflift ; Cuthbur, emi-
nent for affilbnce. Gihfon's Camden.
Bu'rial. n.f. [ftota To bury.'\
I. The ad of burying^ fepultute ; inter-
ment.
Nor would we deign him burial of his men.

Shakejftare.
See my wcalrhy Andrew d'-'ck'd in fand.
Vailing her high top lower than her ribs.
To kifs her burial, Shakefp. Merchant ofVemce.

Your body I fought, and, had I found,
Defign'd for burial in your native g-ound.

Dryden^s JEne'ui-

z. The ad of placing any thing under
earth or water.

We have great lakes, both fait and frcfli ; we
ufe them for burials of fome natural bodies : for
we find a difference of things buried in earth,
and things buried in water. Bacon.

3. The church fervice for funerals.

The olfice of the chur-ch 's pcrfctrmcd by the
parllh prielt, at the time of interment, if not pro-
hibited unto perfons excommunicated, .and laying
violent hands on themfcivcs, by a rubrick of the
burial fervice. /lylife's ParergM.

Bu'rier. n.f. [horn bury.} He that bu-
ries ; he that performs the aft of inter-
- ment.

Let one fpirit of the firft-born Cain
Reign in ail bofoms, that, each heart being fet
On bloody crturfes, the rude fccnc may end,
And darknefs be the buritr of the dead.

Shakefpfare's Henry W.

BlfRINE. n.f. [French.] A graving
tot)l ; H graver.

Wit is like tire graver's burinc upon copper, or
the corrodings of aquafortis, which engrave and
indent the chaiadlers, that they can never be de-
faced. Gcvernment of the Tongue.

To Burl. v. a. To drefs cloth as fullers
do. Dicl.

Bu'r:i.ace. n.f [corruptly written for
burdelais.] A fort of grape.

BURLE'SQUE. adj. [Fr. from burlare,
Ital. to jell.] Jocular; tending to raifc
laughter by unnatural or unfuitable lan-
guage or images.

Homer, in his cliarafler of Vulcan and Ther-
fites, in his ftory of Mars and Venus, in his be-
haviour of Irus, and in other paHiigcs, has been
obferved to have lapfcd into the burltfque charac-
ter, and to have deorrtcj from tliat ferious air,
efl'ential to the raagairicence of an epic poem.

Addifin.

Burle'sque. n.f. Ludicrous language
or ideas ; ridicule.
When a ma:i la/s out a twclveon h on the

BUR

fpoti In the fun, however noble hit fpeculationi
may be, they are very apt to fall into burlefjue,

' Addijon on Ancient Mt dais.

To Burle'sque. v. a. [from the adjec-
tive.] To turn to ridicule.''

Would Homer apply the epithet divine to a
modern fwineherd ? if not, it is an evidence that
Eumeus was a man of confequence ; othcrwife Ho-
mer would burlejque his own poetry

Broome's Notes en the Odyffey.

Bu'rliness. n.f, [from burly.'\ Bulk;

blufter.
BU'Rl^Y. adj. [Junitis has no etymology;

Skinner iniagmes it to come from ^eer-

//;ff, clownilh.] Great of llature ; great

of fize ; bulky ; tumid.

Steel, if thou turn thine edge, or cut not out
the burly boned clown in chines of beef, ere thou
deep in thy (heath, I befcich Jove, that thou
may'll be turned into hobnails. Shakefpeare.

It was the orator's own burly way of nonienfe.

Co^vley.

Away with all your Carthaginian ftate,
Let vanquiihed Hannibal without diors wait.
Too burly and too big to pafs my narrow gan.

Dry den.

Her hulband being a very burly mau, flie
thought it would be le/'s trouble for her to bring
away little Cupid. Addijcn,

To BURN. 'V, a, preterite and participle
burned, or burnt, [bepnan, Saxon.]

1. To confume with fire.

They burnt Jericho with fire. jfoAua,

The fire burruth the wood. Pjjims.

Altar of Syrian mode, whereon to burn
His odious offerings. Milton.

That where fhe fed his amorous defires
With foft complaints, and felt his hotteft fires.
There other flames might wafte his earthly part,
And burn his limbs where love had burn'd his
heart. Dryden.

A flelhy cxcrefcence, becoming exceeding hard,
is fuppofcd to demand extirpation, by burring away
the induration, or amputating. Sharp's Surgery,

2. To wound or hurt with fire or heat.

Hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burn-
ing, wound for wound, ftripe for iTripe.

Exodus, XXI. 2 J.

3. To exert the qualities of heat, as by
drying or fcorching.

O that I could but weep, to vent my paflion !
But this dry forrow burns up all m. tears. Dryden.

To Burn. <t'. ».

1. To be on fire ; to be kindled.

A fire dcvourcth before them, and behind them
a flame bi-i-vetb ; the land is as the garden of Eden
before them, and behind them a aefolatc wilder-
nefs. yocl.

The mount ii/r«rf,w!lh'fire. Exodus.

O coward confclence, how doft thouaffllft mc!
The light burns blue. Is it not dead midnight 2
Cold fearful drops Hand on my tiembilng flefh.

Shukijfeare.

2. To (hine ; to fparkle.

The barge fhe fat in, like a bur.-jlfh'd throne,
Burnt on the water. Shaktfpeare.

Oh prince I oh wherefore burn your eyes ? and
why
Is your fweet temper turn'd to fury ? Rowe,

3. To be inflamed with pallion or defire.

When I burnt in dcfirc to qucftion them farther,
they made thcmfclvcs air, into which they vanlfhed.

Sbak^Jpcare,
Tranio, I burn, I pine, I perifh, Tranio,
If I achieve n; t this young nrodcft girl ! Sbaktfp,

In Raleigh, mark their cv'ry glory mix'd ;
Ra e gh the fcourge of Spain, whofc brcaft with all
The lage, the patriot, and tlie Irero burn'd.

Tiarfiiit

4. To aSt with deftruftlve violence : uicU

of the paflions.
Siiall thy wrath burp like fire i

Pjalms.

5. To

BUR

5. To be in a (late of deftraftive Comfflo-
tion.

The nations bleed where'er her fteps (he turns,
The groan ftill deepens, and the combat hums.

Fnfe.

6. It is ufed particul-.rly of love.

She hurr.s., Ihe raves, fhe dies, 'tis true ;
But burns, and raves, and dies, for you. Addifor

Bu'rning. adj. [from the participle.]
Vehement ; powerful.

Thefc things fting him
So vcnomoufiy, that burti'iKg ihame detains him
From his Cordelia. Shakijfeare-

I had a gllmpfe of him } but he {hot by me
Like a young hound upon a burring fcent. Drydar^

Burn. n.f. [from the verb.] A hurt
caufed by fire.

We fee the phlegm of vitriol is a very effi:(2ual

remedy againll barns. B'-yle.

Bu'rner. n.f, [from burn.'] A perfon

that burns any thing.
Bu'rnet. n.f. [fimj/i/iella, Lat.] The
name of a plant.

The even mead, that erft brought fweetly forth

The freckled cowflip, iarB.f, and green clover.

Shaiefpfare.

Bu'rning. n.f. [from turn.] Firej
flame; (late of inflammation.

The mind furely, of icfelf, can feel none of the
hurnings of a fever. South.

In liquid burnings, or on dry, to dwell.
Is all the fid variety of hell. Drydm.

Bo'rning-glass. n.f. [irora burning and
glafs. ] A glafs which coilefls the rays
of the fun into a narrow compafs, and fo
increafes their force.

The appetite of her eye did feem to fcorch me
up like a burning-glafs. Shakefptare.

Love is of the nature of a hurning-ghjs, which,
kept ftill in one place, fireth ; changed often, it
doth nothing. Suckling.

O diadem, thou centre of ambition.
Where all its different lines are rcconcil'd.
As if tbou wert Che burning-glafs of glory !

Drydm.

7i BU'RNISH. <!>. tf. [iurnir, Fr.] To
polifh ; to give a glofs to.

MiHike me not for my complexion.
The fliadow'd livery 0* the burnijh'd fua.
To whom 1 am a neighbour, and near bred.

isbttktfpeare.

Make a plate of them, and burnifo it as they do

iron. Bmiin.

The frame o{ lurniJJj'd ftccl, that call a glite
From far, and Iccm'd to thaw the freezing ^ir.

Dryden.

3"d Bu'rnish. f. ». To grow bright or
gloffy.

I 've feen a fnake in human form.
All ftain'd with infamy and vice.
Leap from the dunghill in a trice,
Burr'Jh, and make a gaudy (how,
liecome a gen'ral, peer, an-i beau. Sivift.

ToBu'rnish. V, n. [of uncertain ety-
mology.] To grow ; to fprc?.d out.
This rhrry Lould do, while 2»jtutn iill'd the
throne.
Ire Juno burnijh'i, or young Jove was grown.

Dryd(n,
To (boot, and fpiead, and hunipt\nvi rran.

Dryden.
Mrs. P.-lmley's great beljy (he may lace down
before, but it burmjiMS on her hips. Congrc'ui,

Bu'rnisher. n.f. [from biirai/h.]

1. The perfon that burnilhes or polillios.

2. The tool with which bookbinders give
a glofs to the leaves of books : it is com-
monly a dog's tooth fet in a ftick.

"Bvt.v.y. farlicip. faff, of burn: applied
to liquors, it means made hot.
Vol. I.

BUR

I find it very difficult to knowj

Who, to refreflj th' attendants to a grave,

Burr.t claret fiift, or Naples bifcuit, gave. King.

Burr. n. f. The lobe or lap of the ear.

Dia.

Burr Pump. [In a (hip.] A pump by the
fide of a (hip, into which a (la(f (even
or eight feet long is put, having a burr
or knob of wood at the end, which is
drawn up by a rope faftened to the mid-
dle of it ; called alfo a bilge pump.

Harris.

Bu'rras Pipe. [With furgeons.] An in-
(Irument or ve(rel ufed to keep corrod-
ing powders in, as vitriol, precipitate.

Harris.

Bu'rrel. n, f. Afortofpear, otherwife
called the red butter pear, from its
fmooth, delicious, andfoft pulp. Philips.

Bu'rrel Fly. [frombourreler, Fr. to exe-
cute, to torture.] An infeift, called alfo
cxfiy, gadbee, or breeze. DiSl.

Bu'rrbl Shot, [from bourreler, to exe-
cute, inijhot.'] In gunnery, fmall bul-
lets, nails, (lones, pieces of old iron,
l^c. put into cafes, to be difcharged out
of the ordnance ; a fort of cafelhot.

Harris.

Bu'rrock. n. /. A fmall wear or dam,
where wheels are laid in a river for
catching of fi(h. Philips.

Bu'rrow, Berg, Burg, Burgh. ». /.
[derived from the Saxon bupj, bypj, a
city, tower, or caftle. Gib/on's Gamden.']
I. A corporate town, that is not a city,
but fuch as fends burgeifes to the par-
liament. All places that, in former
days, were called boroughs, were fuch as
were fenced or fortified. Coiuell.

King of England (halt thou be proclaim'd
In cv'ry burrcnv, as we pafs along. Shtikefpeare.

PolTeflion of land was the original right of elec-
tion among the commons ; and burrc'.ws were en-
titled tolJC, as they were pofTefl'cd of certain trsfls.

TiKflt.

z. The holes made in the ground by conies.

When they (hall fee his ciell up again, and the
man in blood, they will out of their burmivs, like
conies after rain, and revel all with him. SbaUfp.
To Bu'rrow. v. n. [from the noun.] To
make holes in the ground ; to mine, as
conies or rabbits.

Some ftrew fand amont; their corn, which, they
fay, prevents mice and rats bumtuing in it ; bf-
caufe of its faiiiiig into rlieir ears. Martimcr.

Little ilnufes wouid form, and ^vrro^u under-
neath. I Sharp.

Bu'rsaR. n.f. [bur/arius, L.a.t.]

1. The treafurer ol a college.

2. Students fent as exhibitioners to the
univerfities in Scotland by eaeh prelby-
tery, from whom they have a fmall year-
ly allowance for four years.

Bur SB. ». /. [bourye, Fr. bur/a, Lat. a
purfe ; or from birfa, Lat. the ex-
change of Cartl):ige.] An exchange
v/here merchants meet, and fliops arc
kept ; (b called, becaufi the fion of tite
purle was anciently fct over fuch a place.
The exchange in the Strand was termed
Britain's Burie by James I. Philips.

to BURST. -.'. n. I bur^ ; I have burjl,
or burjieif. [bujij-tan, iaxon.]

B U R

1 . To break, or fly open ; to fufFer a violent
difruption.

So (hall thy barns be (illed with plenty, and thy
prelTes (hall hurji out wiih new wine. P«r. iii. 10.

It is ready to burji like new bottles. ^cA.

Th' egg, that foon
Burning with kindly rupture, forth difclos'd
The ca'.lov.' young. Milmu,

2. To fly afunder.

Vet am I thankful ; if my heart vrere great,
'T would hurfi at this*- Staktfpcarsr

3. To break away ; tP fpring.
You buij}, ah cruel ! from my arms,

Anu I'wiftly (hoot along the Mali,

Or foftly gild-- by the Canal. Pcfa

4. To come fuddenly.

A refolvcd villain,
Whofe bowels fuddenly burjl out ; the king
Vet (peaks, and peraJventure may recover. Sltai.

If the worlds
In worlds inclos'd (hould on his fenfes iur^.
He would abhorrent turn. 'Tb-^mfaiu

5. To come with violence.

Wcl! didrt thou, Richard, to fupprefs thy vo'.Ce ;
For haJ the palTions of thy heart burfi out,
I fear we (hould have feen decypher'd there
More ranc'rous I'pite. Shckefpcare^

Where is the notable palTage over the river Eu-
phrates, burjiiitg out by the vallies of the mountain
Antitaurus j from whence the plains of Mefopo- '.
tamia, then part of the Perfian kingdom, begin
to open themielves. Kmllcs^

Young fpring protrudes the burjiing gsms.

TbanfotJt ,i

6. To begin an aflion violently or fuddenly.

She bwfi into tears, and wrung her hands.

Arhulhnot,

To Burst, 'v. a. To break fuddenly ; to
make a quick and violent difruption.

My breait I'll burjl with draining of my courage,"
And from my (houldcrs crack my arms afurdsr.
But 1 will challifc this high-minded (trumpet.

* Shiiktfi>eare*

He faften'd on my neck, aod bcllow'd our, ;

As if he would ^wr^heav'n. Sbakcfpeare,

1 will bieak his yoke from off thy neck, and will "
burji thy bonds. Jer. xxx. 8.

Mofes faith alfo, the fountains of the great abyfs
were burjl afunder, to make the deluge ; and what
means this abyfs, and the burjiing of it, if reltrain-
ed to Judaea ? what appearance is there of this dif-
ruption there ? Burnct*sTkesry,

If the juices of an animal body' were, lo as by
the mixture of the oppofites, to caufe an ebullition,
they would burjl the vedi-ls. Arbuibmt.

Burst. «.y.' [from the verb.] A fuddeii
difruption ; a fudden and violent aftion
of any kind.

Since I was man,
Suoh (heets of (ire, fuch bjtrjl of iwrr\d t'lundcr.
Such gioans of roaring wind and rain, I never
Reoiember to have heard. Shaktffiare,

Down they came, and drew
The whole roof alter tlicm, viithhurjl of thunder.
Upon the heads of all. Mil/on,

Imprifon'd (ires, in the clofe dungeons {tenc,
U-jar to get lui^lc, and (truggie for a vent ;
J:^Jtiiig tl.e'r way, and undermining all.
Till with 3 mighty burjl whole mountains fall.

Addifm.
fluRST. "Iparticip. adj. \Jrcim burjl. '\

Bu'rstkn. j Difeafed with a hernia, or

rupture-.
Bu'ksten N£ss. It./, [from burjL'\ A rap-
ture, or hernia. '
Bu'r^twort. n.f. {from burfi andi ivort •
he<ninria,h3.1in.'\ An herb good agni It
ruptures. /).<?.
Burt. n.f. A flat fifliof the turbot kind.

To Bu'rthen. -v. a. 1 c o

o ' /• f See PuRDEN.

li

Sicrei

BX5S

ihicrFil to ridiiMc his whole life longi
A: d tlie f.iJ turiiiti of fomc merry fmg. Ptfe,

Bu'rton. n.f. [In a (hip.] Afmalluckle
to be faAened any where at pleafure,
confilHng of two fingle pullies, for hoiil-
iiig fraall things in or out. Phillips.

Bu'rv. n.f. [from bnpj, Sax.] A dwel-
ling-place : a termination Hill added to
the names of feveral places ; as, Alder-
monbury, St. EJmond's Bury ; fometimes
written bery. Phillips.

Bu'rv. n.f. [corrupted from borough.']
It is his nature to dig bimfcif turUs, aj the
^oney duth ; ohich he doth with very great cele-
rity. Grrw.

To BU'RY. 1/. a. [byjujean, Saxon.]

1. To inter ; to put into a grave.

Wl.en he lies aiong,
After your way his talc proaounc'c, fljall bury
His reafons with his body. Sbakifpeare .

2. To inter, with the rites and ceremonies
of fepulture.

Slave, thou haft flain me !
If ever tbou wilt tiuive, bury my body. Staktjf.

If you have kindnefs left, there fee me laid j
Tn bury decently the injur'd maid.
Is all the favo.:.-. _ WalUr.

3. To conceal ; to hide.

This is the way to make the city flat,
And bury all, which jet diftinOly ranges.
In heaps and piles of ruin. Shaktfffdre.

4. To place one thing within another.

A tearing groan did break
The name of Antony j it was divided
Between her lieart and lips ; flie render'd life,
Thy name fo iury'd in her. SbaitJ'ftart,

Bu'rying-place.w./ a place appoint-
e,d for the fepulture of dead bodies.

The place was formerly a church-yard, and has
Sill feveral marks in it of gl aves and bury'mg-flaces.

Hfeliator.

BUSH. «./ [ills, French.]
I. .A thick ihrub.

Eft through tl-.e thiek they heard one mdely rufli,
With noife whereof, he from his lofty fteed
Pown fell to ground, and crept into a bup,
To hide hii coward head from dying dread.

Foiry Sjiieti.

The poller, and exaflcr of fees, ju(li6cs the rc-
fenibiaace of the courts of juftice to the bujh,
'whcrcunto while the Iheep flics for defence from
the weather, he is fure to lofe part of the fleece.

Baani E£ap.

Her heart tras that ftrange hujh, whofe facred fire
Religion did not confume, but infpire
Such piety, fo chaftc ufc>of Cod's day.
That what we tutn'd to fcaft, flie tum'd to pray.

With fuch a care.
At rofej from their ftalks we tear,
"When we Ivould ftill prefer them now.
And frelh ai on the buJh they grew, Waller.
The facred ground
Shall vreeds and pois'nous plants rcfufe to bear;
Each common bujh Diall Syrian rofes v\ear. DryJeii.

a. A bough of a tree fixed up at a door,
to Ihew that liquors are fold there.

If it be true that good wine needs no buJh, 'tis
true that » good play- needs no epilogue. Siahjf.

To Bi;sH. -v. ». [firom the noun,] To grow
thick.

The rofes tujh'wg round
About her glow'd, half (looping to fupport
Each flower of tender ftalk. Milieu.

A guOiing fountain broke
Amund it, and above, for ever green,
The iujhittg alders form'J a fliady fcene.

Ptfe'i OAyJfey.

Bu'sHFt. «./ [horjfeuu, Fr. bufcllus, low
Lat.]

BUS

t. A meafure containing eight gallons} a
ftrike.

His reafons arc as two grains of wheat hid in t«(>
lujhili of ch ifl'; you (hall feek all day ere you find
them i and when you hajp them, they are not
worth the lea. ch. ' ibahjpiarc.

2. It is ufed, in common language, inde-
firdtely for a large tjuantity.

The worthies of antiquity bought the rareft pic-
tures with I'ujht/i of gold, without counting the
weight or the nunvbcr oi' pieces. Drydn.

3. Biijhels of a c/trt-ivhccl. Irons within
the hole of the nave, to preferve it from
wearincr. ffrom bauche, Fr. a mouth.]

■ '• Dia.

Bu'sHiNESs.w./ [frombupy.'] The qua-
lity ofbcing Ijufhy.

Bu'sHMENT.H./[from^a/?'.] A thicket;
a clufter of bulhes.

Princes thought liow they might difcharge the
earth of woods, b.iars, btijhmenii, aud waters, to
make it more habitable and fertile. Rult'igb.

Bu'sHV. adj. [from ^»/*.]

1. Thick ; full of fmall branches, not high.

The gentle (hepherd fat befide a fpring.
All in the fliadow of a hufiy brier. Sptrftr.

Generally the cutting away of bought and fuck-
ers, at the root and body, doth make trees gt-ow'
high J and, conttariwife, the polling and cutting
of the top, make them fpread and grow bujhy.

Bacm.

2. Thick like a bufli.

Statues of this god, with a thick hupy beard,
are dill many of them eltant in Rome. AddiJ'i-

3. Full of bufties.

The kids with pleafure browfe the buftiy plain ;
The fliow'rs are grateful to the fwelling grain,

Dryden.

Bu'siLESS. adj. [from^K^.] Atleifure;
without bufinefs ; unemployed.

The fweet thoughts do even refreih my labour,
Moft bufiUh when I do it. Sbakefptare.

Bu'siLY. /Jfl). [irom bu/y.']

1. With an air of importance; with an air
of hurry.

2. Curioufly ; importunately.

Or if too bufly they will cnquirt
Into a vlflory, which we difdaln,

Then let them know, the Belgians did retire
Before the patron faint of injur'd Spain. Drjdtn.

Bu'siNESs. n.f. [from ^tt^.]

1. Employment; multiplicity of affairs.

Mull bufincjs thee from hence remove ?
Oh I that "s the word difeafe of love. Daimc.

2. An affair. In this fenfe it has tht plural.

Bcftow
Your needful counfel to our bufintjcs.
Which crave the inftant ufc. ShDktfpcarc.

3. The fubjeft of bufinefs ; the affair or
objeft that engages the care.

You are fo much the bujia.j's of our fouls, that
while you are in fight we can neither look nor
think on any elfe ; there- are no eyes for other
beauties. Drydtv.

The great bujinrfs of the fenfes being to take
notice of what hurts or advantages the body. Locke.

4. Serious engagement : in oppoiltion to
trivial traniaftions.

I never knew one, who made it his bufiirfi to
lafli the faults of other writers, that was not guilty
of greater himfelf. ylddijon.

He had bujlntfi enough upon hit hands, and was
only a poet by act. dent. Prior.

•When diverfion Is made the bu/iitifs and ftudy
of life, thoush the ailions chofen be in themfclves
innocent, the excefs.will render them criminal.

Hogers.

5. Right of aftion.

What biifrrji has a tortaife among the clouds ?

h'Efirargc.

BUS

6. A point; a matter of queftion ; fome-
tbing to be examined or confidered,

f itnefs to govern, is a perplexed tujinrfi ; fome
men, fome nations, excel in the one ability, fome
in the other. Ji»cottm

7. Something to be tranfafted.

They were far from the Zidonians, and had n» •
bufintjs with any one. Judga,

8. Something required to be done.

To thofe people that dwell under or near the
equator, this fpring would be moil pcftilent : as for
thofe countries that are nearer the pules, in which
number are our own, and the molt conflderable na-
tions of the world, a perpetual fjkrirg will not do
their bvjiniji; they muft have longer days, a neater
approach to the fun. Btrllcy,

9. To do one's bufinefs. To kill, dellroy,
or ruin him.

Busk, n.f. [bufque, Fr.] A piece of
fteel or whalebone, worn by women to
ftrengthen their ftays.

Off with that happy bujk, which I envy,
That ftill can be and ftill can (land fo nigh. Dorm,
Bu'sKiN. n.f. [brofeien, Dutch.]

1. A kind of half boot; a flioe which
comes to the midleg.

The foot was drefl'ed in a (hort pair of velvet

btijk'mi ; in fome places open, to (hew the fairnef*

of the (kin. Sidney,

Sometimes Diana he her takes to be,

• But miflicth bow, and (hafts, and bujlins to her

kiwe. Spen/er,-

There is a kind of rufticity in all thofe pompous

verfes j fomewbat of a holiday (hepherd ftrutting

in his country bujiins. Dryden.

2. A kind of high flioe worn by the an-
cient adlors of tragedy, to raife their
ilature.

Great Fletcher never treads in jii^ixi here,
No greater Jonfon dares in focks appear, Dryden,

In her heft liiht the comic mufe appears.
When (he with borrow'd pride the bufiin wears.

Smith,

Bu'sKiNED. fl^'. [from bufiin.'] Dreffcd
in bufkins.

Or what, though rare, of later age.
Ennobled hath the b-jjkin'd ftage ? Miltsn,

Here, arm'd with (ilver bows, in early dawn.
Her bujkin'd virgins trac'd the dewy lawn. Fc/it,

Bu'sKY. adj. [written more properly by
Milton, bojky. See BosKY.] Woody;
fliaded with woods ; overgrown with
trees.

How bloodily the fun begins to peer
Above yon bujky hill. Stakrffeare.

BUSS. n.f. [bus, the mouth, Irilh; bouche,
Fr.]

1. A kifs ; a falute with the lips.

Thou doll give me flattering ii/fi,— By my
troth, I kifs thee with a moft conftant heart.

Sbake/feare,

Some fquire perhaps you take delight to rack.
Who vifits with a gun, prcfents with birds.
Then gives a fmacking bu/s. Pope.

2. A boat for filhing. [buj/i, German.]

If the king would enter towards builJing fuch a
number of boaU and bujis, as each company could
eafily manage, it would be an encouragement both
of honour and advant.ige, Tentfle.

To Buss, -v. a. [from the noun.] To kifs ;
to falute with the lips.

Yonder walls, that partly front your town,
Yond towers, whofe wanton topjdoiii/i thee ouds,.
Mull kifs their feet. _ Shahfptdre.

Go to them with this bonnet in thy hand.
Thy kncz buffing the ftones; for in fucli bufinefs,
Aftion is eloquence. Shakejpeart,

Bust. »./ [i;//?a, Itnl.] A ftatuc reprc-
fenting a man to his breall.

Agrippa,

BUS

BUT

BUT

Agrippl, or Cillguta, is a common coin, but a
Xkty extraordinary ii<^; and a Tiberius a rare coin,
but a common huji, j^difon on Italy-

Ambition figh'd : (he found it vain to truft
The faithlefs column, and the ; rumbling tuft.

Pope.

Bu'sTARD. n. /. \biftarde, Fr.] A wild
turkey.

His facrifices were phenicopters, peacocks, iuj-
f«r</i, turkeys, phca/ants) and ail thefcwere daily
offered. ' HaknvUi.

y^Bu'sTLE. v. 11. [of uncertain etymo-
, logy; perhaps fromiujy.] To be bufy ;
to llir ; to be aftive.

Come, tufl/e, ia/?/*— caparifon my horre. Stat.

God take king Edward tn his mercy.
And leave the W3rld for me to tuftle io. Shak-'f/!.

Sir Henry Vane was a bufy and bujilmg man,
who bad credit enough to do his bufinefs in all
places. Clartndon.

A poor abjeft worm.
That crawl'd a while upon a hufiiing world,
And now am trampled to my dull again. Soutbrrnc.

Ye fov'reign lords, who fit like gods in (late.
Awing the world, and h'l filing to be great ! Granville

Bu'sTLE. «r. yi [from the verb.] A tu-
mult ; a hurry ; a combulUon.

Wifdom's felf
Oft feelcJ to fw«£t retired folltude !
She plumes her feathers, and lets grow her wings,
That in the various iu/ilt of refort
Were all too ruffled. Millen.

This is the creature that pretends to knowledge,
tni that makes fuch a noifc and ^u/?/; for opinions.

Glanvi/le.

Such a doftrine made a ftraage iuftle and dif-
turbance in the world, which then fate warm and
tafy in a free enjoyment of their lufts. So:jtt.

If the count bad given them a pot of ale after
it, all would have been well, without any of this
iuftle. Sfedator.

Bu'sTLER. n. /. [from buftk.'\ An adive
(lirring luan.

BU'SY. adj. [byj-jian. Sax. It is pro-
nounced as hijfyy at biz.%y.'\

I. Employed with earneftnefs.

My miArefsfendayoaword that (he nhuly, and
cannot come. Sbakejftare.

3. Buftiing ; aftive ; meddling.

The ne»t thing which fhc waking looks upon.
On meddfing monkey, or on bufy ape.
She (hall purfue it with the foul of love. Shahfp.

Thus Ixfy pow'r is woiking Jay and night;
For when rhe outward fenfcs reft do t^Icc,

^ thoufand dreams, fantartical and light.
With flutt'ring wings, do keep her ftiU awnke.

Dwjitt.

The coming fprlng would fir(! appear.
And all this place with rofcs ttrow.
If hujy feet would let them grow. Wallir.

Alfwritten fince that time, fecm to have little
more than events wc arc g!ad to know, or the
controvcrfy of opinions, wherein the kufy world
has been fo ranch employed. TtmfU.

Religious motives and inftinQs are fo bujy in
tht bejrt of every reafonabic creature, that no
man would hope to govern a fociety, with'iut re-
gard to thofc principles. Addjon.

3. Troublefome ; vexatioofly importunate
or intfnfive.

Tt« chrirtians, fjmetimes valiantly receiving
the enemy, jn.l f mictiracj cliarging them again,
npuUtd the proud eocmy, ftiil bujy wit!i them.

Kn-jllrt't llijicrji!,/ the lurhi.

To Bu'sy. <!/. a. [from the noun.] To em-
ploy ; to engage ; t8 make or keep
bufy.

He in great palTion all this while dM dwell.
Mote lijying bis quick eyes her face tnview,
Thaa bis dull cars to ixar »ha,t /be did tell.

The pleafure which I took at my friend's plea-
fure herein, idly iafted me thus to expicfs tlie
fame. Camu^i Survey.

Be it thy courfc to lufy giddy minds
With foreign quarrels. Sbukeffeare.

While they were btijiej to lay the foumiacions,
their buildings were overthrown by an earthquake,
and many thoufands of the Jews were overwhelm-
ed. Raleigh.

The points which iu/iej the devotion of the
firft ages, and the curlofity of the latter.

Decay o/Ple/y.

The ideas it is bujted thoutf /hould be natural and
congenial ones, which it had in itfelf. Locke.

The learning and difputcs of the fchools have
been much iu/ied about genus and fpecies. Loch.

For the reft, it muft be owned, he docs not
bufy himfelf by entering deep into any party, but
rather fpends his time in a^s of hofpitality. Siuift.

Ew'sYBODY. n. /. [from iujy and l>ody.'\
A vain, meddling, fantaftical perfon.

Going from houfe to h'?ufe, tatlers and bufybo-
diet ire the canker and ruft of idlenefs, as idlenefs
is the ruft of time. Taykr,

Bujyhodies and intermeddlers are a dangerous
fort of people to have to do withal. VEftrangt.

She is well acquainted with all the favourite
fervants, bujybtdies, dependants, and poor relations,
of all perfons of condition in the whole town.

Sf!B.itor.

BUT. conjuna. [bute, butan, Saxon.]

1. Except.

An emifllon of Immateriate virtues we are a
little doubtful to propound, it is fo prodigious; but
that it is fo conftantly avouched by many. Bacon,

Who can it be, ye gods ! but perjur'd Lycoa ?
Who can infpire fuch ftorms of rage, but Lycon ?
Where has my fword left one fo black, but Lyson ?

Smith.

Your poem hath been printed, and we have no
objefliun but the obfcurity of leveral padages,
by our ignorance in faOs and peifons. Siuift,

2. Except that ; unlefs ; had it not been
that: in this fenfe we now vmit but that.
See fenfe 11.

And but infirmity.
Which waits upon worn times, hath fomcthing

fciz'd
His wifli'd ability, he had himfelf
The lands and waters meafur'd. Shaiefpeare.

3. Yet ; neverthelefs. It fomctimes only
enforces ^w.

Then let him fpeak, Ind any that fliail ftand
without (hail hear his voice plainly; but yet made
extreme (harp and exile, like the voice of puppets:
and yet the articulate founds of the words will
not be confounded. Bacon,

Our wants ar« many, and grievous to be born,
lat qilitc of another kind. Stuift.

4. The particle which introduces the minor
of a fyllogifm ; now.

If thnre be a liberty and poUibility for a man

to kill himfelf to-day, then it is not abfohitcly

necelTary that he (lull live till to-morrow; but

there is fuch a liberty, therefore no futh necclTiry.

Bramhr.ll i^gjinfi Ilcibei.

Godwin one time or another male; a difference
between the good and the evil. But there is lltil •
or no difference made in thi- world ; therefore
there muH be another world, wherein this differ-
ence ihall be made. , H^ailiU I.egick.

5. O.ily ; nothing more than.

If ir.y offence be of fuch mort.il kinj,
T'mt nof my f.TV'ie paft, or prefcnt forr.ws,
Can ranfjrn me into hi, love ;tgain ;
But to kinw fj, njuft be my bcrcfit. Shairffeare.

What nymph foc"cr his voice Itt hears, '
WiU be my rival, though llie have but cars,

Ben ytmjon,

Ko, Aurengjcb", you merit ail my heart.
And Tm too n»'bl/r but to give a part. Dryden.

Did but men condJer the true notion of fiod,
he would appear to be full of g'-K)dBcfs. TiUotJor.

If we do bat put virtue and vice in equal cir-
cumftances, the advantages of eafc and pleafure
will be found to be on the fide of religion. Tillolfin,

The mifchiefs or harms that come by play, in-,
advertency, or ignorance, are not at all, oi'bul
very gently, to be taken notice of.

Locke on Education*

If a reader examines Horace's Art of Poetry,
he will find but very few precepts In it, which he
may not meet with in .^riftotle. Md'joit.

Prcpar'd I ftand : he was but born to try
The lot of man, to fufier and to die. Pope,

6. Than. I

The full moon was no fooner up, and Ihining
in all its brightnefs, but he opened the gate of
Paradife. Guardian,

7. But that; without this confequence
that.

Frofts that conftraii^ the ground
Do feldom their ufurping power withdraw.
But raging floods purfue their bafty hand. DryJeit,

8. Otherwife than that.

It cannot be but nature hath fome direftor, ef
infinite power, to guide her in all her wayy. Hooker.

Who (hall believe, 4

But you mifufe the reverence of your place ? Sbskt

9. Not more than ; even.

A genius fo elevated and unconfined as Mr.
Cowley's, was but neceffary to make Pindar fpeak
Englilh. Diyden.

Beroc but now I left ; whom, pin'd with pain,
Kcr age and anguiih from tfaefe rites detain. DryJ.

It is evident, in the inftance 1 gave but now,
the confcioufnefs went along. Locke.

10. By any other means than.

Out of that will I caufc thofe of Cyprus t»
mutiny : whofe qualification (hall come into no
true tarte again, but by tranfplanting of PafTio.

Sbakefpearr.

11. If it were not for this; that; if it
were not that. Obfo'ete.

Believe me, I had rather have loil my pnrfe
Full of cruzades. And, but my noble Moor
Is true of mind, and made of no fuch baliuicfs
As jealous creatures are, it were onough
To put him to ill-thinking. ShaheJpc^rCt

I here do give thee that with all my heart,
Which, but thou haft already, with all my heart
I would keep from thee. Shakefpeare.

1 2'. However ; howbeit : a word of inde-
terminate connexion.

1 do not doubt but i have been to blame;
But, to putfue the end for which I came.
Unite your fubjef5ts firft, then let us go
And pour their common ra; e upon the foe. Drye(.

13. It is ufed after no doubt, no quijlion,
and fuch words, and figiiifies tlie fame
with that. It fometiraes is joined with
that.

They made no account, hut''tbat the navy (hould
be abfolutely mafter of the leas. Bacon.

1 fancied to myfcif a kind of eafe in the change
of the paroxyfjn; never fufpe£ting but that the
humour would have wafted itfelf. Dryden.

There is so queftion lut tlie king of Spain will
refi'im in»ft of the abulcs. yiddifoa.

14. That. This feeqis no proper fenfe ix}.
this place.

It is not theicfore impofTible tut I may aitojf
th: cimplcxionof iry play, to reftare aiyfclf intj
the J! )od graces of my fair criticks. Dryden.

15. Otherwife than. Obfolete.

I ftiould fin
To think but noUy of my grar .'.mo'Scr. Shakcfp,

16. A particle by whix;h the meaning of
the foregoing fentence is bounded or
reftrained • only.

Thus fijjh s Ulylfsi., thus his fame extends;;
A formidable man, but to his friends. Dryr'eiim

ly. A particle of obje£lion ; yet it may
be objected : it has fomecimes jet with
it.

lis Mm

BUT

Bui yH, Madam—
I do not like hut yii ; it docs ailay
Tb« good precedence; fie upon but jct!
Butjit is n a iaylour, to bring forth
S^me monnious malefactor. Shaheffca't.

Mud the heart then have been formed and
Conllituted, before the blood was in being } But
here again, the fubftance of the heart itfell' u m>'ft
certainly made and nourilhed by the blood, wliii h
^s c invcycd to it by the coronary arteries, Bf'ni'ey.

18. But for; without ; had not this been.

Raih man, forbear ! hut for fooac unbelief.
My joy had been as fatal as my grief. fValter,

Her head was bare.
But for her native ornament of hair,
Which in i fimple knot was tied above. Dryden.

When the fair boy receiv'd the gift of right.
And, hut fir mifchief,you had died forfpite. Dryd-

BUT. n.f. \bout, French.] A boundary.

Stfty if I aflc you what I mean by tliac word,
you will aafwer, I mean this or that tiling, you
■ cannot tell which; but if I j )in it with the words
in conllruAion and fenfe, as, but I will not, a hut
of wine, hut and boundary, the ram will but^
ftoot at hut, the meaning of it will be as ready to
you as any other word. Holder,

But. n./. [In fea language.] The end
of any plank which joins to another on
the outfide of a (hip, under water.

Harris.

BuT-ENO. n.f. [from hat and^»</.] The
blunt end of any thing ; the end upon
which it relh.

The refcrve of foot gilled their foot with feveral
vollies, and then fell on them with the hut-tndi of
their muf<]ueis. Clarsnd':n,

'Ihy weapon wns a good one when I wielded it,
but the hut-end remains in my hands. ' Arbuthnot.

Some of the foldiers accordingly puihcd them
forwards, with the hut-endt of their pikes, into my
reach. Stv'tft,

BUTCHER. ^. /. [hottcher, Fr.]

1. One that kills animals to fell tltcir
flclh.

The Aephcrd and the butchtr both may look
upon one /heep with pleafing conceits. Sidney,
Hence he learnt the butcher i guile.
How to cut your throat, and fmile^
Like a butcher doom'd for life
In his mouth to wear his knife. Stvift.

2. One th.-ic is delighted with blood.

Honour and renown are bcdowed on con<]ue-
rots, who, for the nuft part, are but the great
butchert of mankind. Lock':.

To Bu'tcher. t>. o, [from the noun.]
To kill ; to murder.

In fuftering thus thy brother to be flaughtcr'd,
Thou fliew'ft the r.ikcd pathway to thy life,
Teaching Hern murder how to butcher theo. Shcik,

ITncharital'iy with me hive you dealt.
And ihamefulty by you my hopes ate butcher" d.

Shakeffeare,

The poifcn iind the dagger are at hand to

huicbcr a hero, when the poet wants brains to favr

him. Dr^der..

Bu'tCHERS - BROOM, Or Eneeholly.

n.f. [rufcMs, Lat.]

The roots are fomctimcs uieJ in medicine, and
the green fhoots arc cut .'nd bound into bundles,
and fold to the butchers, who uii; it as beC^ms to
fw:ep their blocks ; fronv whence it bad the name
of hutihtrt-hrjon:, M'llkr.

Bv'tcheklin'ESS. n.f. [hoin butcherly .'\
A brutal, cruel, favage, butclierly man-
ner.

Bu'tcherly. aJJ. [from lutfher.'] Cruel ;'
bloody ; grofsly and clumfily barbarous.

Tliere it a way which, brought into fch .ols,
would take away this butcherly fear in majcing ot
Latin. yifcbam.

What ftratjgems, how fell, how hatcher/y,
Ih.t deadly quarrel daily doth beget ! Siair/jfi.

BUT

B o' r c H E R V . w. / [from iutcler.]

1. The trade of a butcher.

Yet this man, fo ignorant in modern lutchery,
has cut up half an hundred heroes, and quartered
five or fix mifctable lovers, in every trageJy he
has written. Pojte.

2. Murder; cruelty; flauehter.

If thou delight to vie* thy heinoDJ deeds,
Behold this patron of thy butcheries. Shakeffeare.

The butchery, and the breach of hofpitality, is
rep:efentcd in this fable under the malk of friend-
fliip. UEJlrange.

Can he a fon to foft remorfe incite,
Whom gaols, and blood, and butchery delight ?

Drydcr.

3. The place where anim.ils are killed ;
where blood is flied.

There is no place, this houfe is but a butchery ;
Abhor it, fear it, do not enter it. Shakcjfeari.

BU'TLER. n.f [bouleilkr, Fr. ioteler, or
- bcliller, old Englifh, from botlle ; he
that is employed in the care of bottling
liquors.] A fervant in a family em-
ployed i n furniftiing the table.
Butlers forget to bring up their beer time enough.

Sivif:.

Bu'tlerage. «. / [from butler.'] The
duty upon wines imported, claimed by
the king's butler.

Thofe ordinary finances are cafual or uncertain,
as be the efcheacs, the culloms, bullerage, and
impoft. '^ Bctccn.

Bu'tlership. n.f. [from ^a//^r.] The
office of a butler.

Bu'tment. n.f. [aboutement, Fr.] That
part of the arch which joins it to the
upright pier.

The fupporters or hutments of the faid arch can-
not fuffer fo mich violence, as in the precedent flat
pofture. fPoffon.

Bi;'tshaft. n.f. [from but a.nd fbaft.]
An arrow.

The blind boy's iutjhafl. Shakefpure.

BUTT, n.f [but, Fr.]

1 . The place on which the mark to be (hot
at is placed.

He calls on Bacchus and propounds the prize ;
The groom his fellow groom at buttt defies.
And bends bis bow, arid levels with his eyes.

Drydcv.

2. The point at which the endeavour is
direfted.

Be not afraid though you do fee me weapon'd j
Here it my journey's end, here is ray h-^ti.
The very fca-mark of my journey's end, Shakefp.

3. The objeft of aim ; the thing againd
which any attack is dircftcd.

The papifts were the molt common-place, and
the ifuft againU whom ail the arrows were dircfted.

Clarenditi .

4. A man upon whom the company
break their jells.

I played a fentcnce or two at my butt, which
I thought very fmart, when my ill genius fug-
gefted to him fuch a reply as got all the laughter
on his fide. SfefJatur.

5. A blow given by a horned animal.

6. A ftroke given in fencing.

If difputcs arife
Among the champions for the prize;
To prove who gave the fairer butt,
John Acws the chalk on Robert's coat. Prior.

Butt, n.f [burr, Saxon.] A veflTel ;
a barrel containing one hundred and
twenty-fix gallons of wine ; a butt con-
tains one hundred and eight gallons of
beer ; and from fifteen to twenty -two
hundred weight, is a butt of currants.

BUT

I efcaped upon a butt of fack, which the failort
heaved overboard. Shakeffeare.

To Butt. t. a. [batten, Dutch.] To ftrike
with the head.

Come, leave your tears ! a brief farewcl : the beaft
With many beads bum me away. Shakeffeare,
Nor wars are fcen,
Unlefs, upon the green.
Two harmlefi Iambi are balling one the other.

tyottm.

A fnow.white fteer, before thy altar led.

Butts with Lis threatening brows, and bellowinc

(lands. Dryder's Mneia.

A ram will butt with his head thoogb he be

brought up tame, and never faw that manner of

fighting. \ Ray,

BU'TTER. n.f [birctejre, Saxon ; buty-
rum, Lat.]

1. An unftuous fubftance made by agitat-
ing the cream of milk, till the oil fepa-
rates from the whey.

And he took hurtrr and milk, and the calf which
he had drelTed, and fct before them.

Ger.eft, xviii. 8.

2. Butter of antimony. A chymical prepa*
ration, made by uniting the acid fpirits
of fublimate corrofive with regulus of
antimony. It is a great cauftick. Harris.

3. Butter of tin, is made with tin and
fublimate corrofive. This preparatioa
continually emits fumes. Harris,

To Bi;'tter. 'V. a. [from the noun.]

1. To fmear, or oil, with butter.

'Twas her brother, that, in pure kindncfs to his

horfe, buttered his hay. Shakeffeare,

Words butter no parfnips. UEflrange,

2, To increafe the flakes every throw, or
every game : a cant term among game-
fters.

It is a fine fimile in one of Mr. Congreve'j
prologues, which compares a writer to a huiterir.T
gameller, that ftakcs all his winning upon one
call ; fo that if he lofcs the lad throw, he is fure
to be undone. Addifoii,

Bu'tterbump. n.f. A fowl : the fame

with bittern.
Bu'rTERBUR. n.f [petaftes, Lat.] A

plant ufed in medicine, and grows \vi Id

in great plenty by the fides of ditches.

Miller.
Bu'tterflower. n. f a yellow flower,

with which the fields abound in the

month of May.

Let weeds, iaftcad of bulterfiow'rs, appear;
And meads, inllead of daifies, hemlock bear. Gay.

Bu'TTERFLV.»./[btittepple3c, Saxon.]
A beautiful infefl, Co named becaufe it
firft appears in the beginning of the
feafon for butter.

Eftfocns that damfei, by her heav'nly might.
She turn'd into a winged butterfly.
In tlic wide air^o make her wand'ring flight.

Sfenfcr,
Tell old tales, and laugh
At gilded butterflies ; and hear poor rogues
Talk of court news. Shakeffeare,

And fo befcl, that as he caft his eye
Among the colworts on a huttirfly.
He faw falfc Reynard. Dryden,

That which feems to be a powder upon the
wings of a butterfly, is an innumerable company
of extreme fmall feilhers, not to he difcerned
without a micr^-fcope. Grrtu,

Bu'tteris. n.f. An inllrumcnt of fteel

fet in a wooden handle, ufed in paring

the foot, or cutting the hoof, of a horfe.

Farrier's DiSicnary.

Bt;'TT6R-

BUT

Bu'ttermtlk. n. f. [from bttiter and
milk-l The whey that is feparated from
the cream when butter is made.

A young man, fallen into an ulcerous con-
fujnption, devoted hi* felf to huUermMk, by which
fole diet he lecovered. Har'ofy.

The fcuny of mariners is cured by acids, a^
fruiti, lemons, oranges, buttermilk; and alkaline
fpirits hurt them. Arluihrot.

Bd'tterprint. n. /. [from butter and
print.'] A piece of carved wood, ufed to
mark butter.

A I'utiirfnnt, in which were engraven figures
of all forts and fizcs, applied to the lump of but-
ter, left on it the figure. Lockt.

Bu'ttertooth, n.f. [from butter and
totth.\ The great broad foreteeth.

Bu'tter WOMAN, n.f. [from butter and
'woman.] A woman that fells butter.

Tongue, I muft put you into a hulterieomari's
mouth, and buy myfclf another of Bajazet^s mute,
if you prattle me into thefe perils. Hhahfpearc.

Bu'tterwort. n.f. A plant : the fame

vi\x\\/anicU.
Bu'tterv. adj. [from butter.] Having

the appearance or qualities of butter.

Nothing more convertible into liot cholerick
humours than its buttery parts. Uarvey.

The beil oils, thick;'ned by cold, have a white
colour ; and milk itfclf has its whitenefs from the
cafeous fibres, and its buttery oil. Fhjir.

Bu'tterv. n.f. [from butter; or, ac-
cording to Skinner, from bouter, Fr. to
place or lay up.] The room where pro-
viiions are laid up.

Go, firrah, take them to t)K buttery.
And give them friendly welcome every one. Shak.

All that need a cool and freih temper, as cellars,
pantries, and butteries, to the north. ll^otton.

My guts ne'er fuffer'd from a college-cook.
My name ne'er enter'd in a buttery book. Bmmfian.
Bu'ttock. n.f. [fuppofed,by 5i/«n<'r, to
come from aboutir, Fr. ; inferted by
"Junius without etymology.] The rump ;
the part near the tail.

It is like a barber's chair, that fits all bvttKku

Siakejpeare.

Such as were not able to ftay themfelves, lliuuld
be holden up by others of more f^rength, riding
behind fhem upon xhctuiiscks of the horfe. KrclUs.

The tail of a fox was never made for the but-
tofks of an ape. L^F/lrjrtge^t Fables.

BU'TTON. n.f [ioitivn, WelOi ; bouton,
Fr.]

1. A catch, or fmall ball, by which the
drefs of man is faSened.

Pray you, undo this button, Skakefpeare.

1 mention thofe ornaments^ becaufe ot clitr tim-
plicity of the fhape, want of ornaments, ^»/rsffj,
loops, gold and fiiver lace, they muil have been
cheaper than ours. • jirhutlmt.

2. Any knob or ball fadened to a fmaller
body.

"We failened to the rov^'' ceruin wires, and a
iiittett Biyle.

Fair from its humble bed I rear'd this fl^^w'r,
Sackied, and cheer'd v.-ith air, and fun, and fhow'r j
Soft en the paper rutTits leaves 1 fpread,
Bright with the gilded button tipt iu head, P'jfe.

3. The bud of a plant.

Tlw canker galls the infants of th« fpring,
Too eft bi:fore thi;ir luii'.ii be difclos'd. Shakrfp.
Bu'tton. n.f [echinus marinus.] The
fca urchin, which is a kind of crabfifh
that has prickles inftead of feet. Ainfiu.
To Bu'tton. "v. a. [from the noun.]
k To drefs ; to clothe.

Ode wbofe tuid heart i« buUtn'd up with fted.

Sbtikefpettt !.

B U X

He gave his legs, arms, and bread, to his ordi-
nary fervant, to button and drefs him. H^ottcn.

2. To fatten with buttons ; as, he buttons

his coat.
Bu'ttonhole, n.f [from button and

hole.] The loop in which the button of

the clothes is caught.

l.et me take you a buttcnhcle lower. Sbaieff,
I'll plraie the maids of honour, if I can :

Without black velvet breeches, what is man ?

I will my fkill in buttonholes difplay.

And brag, how oft I Ihift me ev'17 day. Eramjlon,

BU'TTRESS. n.f [from aboutir, Fr.]

1. A prop ; a wall built to fupport an-
other wall, and Handing out.

No jutting frize,
Buttrcfs, nor coigne of vantage, but this bird
Hath made his pendant bed, and procreant cradle.

Sbakefpcare.

Fruit trees, fet upon a wall againfl the fun,

between elbows rr buttrejfes of flone, ripen more

than upon a plain wall. Bacon.

But we inhabit a weak city here,
Which buttrejfes and props butfcarcely bear. Dryd.

2. A prop ; a fupport.

It will concern us to examine the force of this
plea, which our adverfarics are Hill fetting up
againil us, as the ground pillar and buttrefs of the
good old caufe of nonconformity. South.

To Bu'ttress. t. a. [from the noun.]

To prop ; to fupport.
Bu'twink. n.f. The name of a bird.

Dia.

Botyr a'ceous. aJj. \hutyrum, Lat. but-
ter.] Having the qualities of butter.

Chyle has the fame principles as milk j a vif-
cldity from the cafeous parts, and an oilinefs from
the butyraceous parts. Floycr.

Bv'tykoms. adj. [huiyriim, Latin.] Hav-
ing the properties of butter.

Its oily red part is from the butyrous parts of
chyle. Flyer.

BU'XOM. adj. [bucj-um. Sax. from bu-
jan, to bend. It originally fignified
obedient ; as John de Trewifa, a clergy-
man, tells his patrcn, that he is obedient
and buxom 10 all his commands. In an
old form of marriage, ufed before the
reformation, the bride promifed to be
obedient and buxom in bed and at hoard;
from which expreffion, not well under-
ftood, its prefent meaning feems to be
derived.]

1. Obedient; obfequious.

He did tread down and difgrace all the Engllfh,

' and fet\ip and countftnance the Iriih ^ thinking

thereby to make them more tractable and buxom

to his government. Spenjer.

He, with broad fails,
Winnow'il the buxom air. Milton.

2. Gay ; lively ; brifk.

I'm born
Again a frelh child of the buxom morn,
■ Heir of the fun's (irft beams. Crapaw.

Zephyr, with Aurora playinf.
As he met her once ii maying,
FiU'd her with thee, a daughter fair,
S<> buxom, blithe, and debonnair. Milton.
S'urdy fwains.
In clean array, for ruKick dance prepave,
Mix: with xhciuxom damfels band in hand, Ph'ilifs.

3. Wanton ; jolly.

Aimig^'y Jove defcends, and pourf
Into his buxom bride his fruitful fhow'rs. DryJin
She frign'd the rites of Bacchus! cry'd aluud,
And to the ^xfar^mgod the virgin vow'd. Drydc-:.

Bu'xoMLY. adv. [from buxum.] Wan-
tonly ; amoroufly.

BUZ

Bux'oMNEss. n.f. [from ^axe«.] Wan-

tonnefs ; amoroufiiefs.
To BUY. f . a. prefer. I bought ; 1 have

bought, [bicjean. Sax.]

1. To purchafe ; to acquire by paying a,
price ; to obtain for money, or fomc-
thing equivalent ; to procure by fale,-
not gift or theft.

They niufl. iijj' up no corn growing within twelve
miles of Gcn;va, that fo the filling of theitona.
gazincs mTiV not prejudice their market. Addifcn,-

2. To procure fome advantage by fome-
thing that deferves it, or at fome price.

I have bought
Golden opinions from all forts or people. Sbakeffr

Pent to linger
But with a grain a day, I would not buy
Their mercy at the price of one fair word. Sbakr
Pleafute with praife, and danger they would bt'y,-
And with a fee that would not only fly. Dcntiim,

3. To regulate by money : in this fenfeit
has particles annexed.

You, and all the kings of Chriflendom,
Are led fo grofsly by this meddling prieft,
Dreading the curie that money may buyout. Shak^

What pitiful things are power, rhetorick, or
riches, when they would terrify, dilTuade, or buy ojf
confcience ! South,

ToBvY. 'v.n. To treat about a purchafe.

I wiil buy with you, fell with you, talk with
you, walk with you, and fo following. Shakejp,

B u y' E R . n.f [from To buj.] He that buys^
a purcLifer.

When a piece of art is fet before us, let the firil
caution be, not to adt who made it, left the fame
of the author do captivate the fancy of the buyer.

}Votto*u

To BUZZ. 'V. n. [bizzen, Teut. to growl.
Junius. ]

1. To hum ; to make a noife like bees-^
flies, or wafps.

And all the chamber filled was with flies.
Which iuxxed all about, and made fuch found.
That they cncumber'd all men's ears. and eyes,
Like many fwarms of bees alTembled round. Sptnf.

Theie be more wafps, that buzx about his nolc,.
Will make this (ling the fooner. Shakejpeare,

For flill the flowers ready fland,
One buz.;^es round about.
One lights, one taftcs, gets in, gets out. JSuckllng.-

What though no bees around your cradle flew,-
Nor on your lips diftill'd their golden dew j
Yet have we oft difcnver'd, in their (lead,
A fwarm of drones that bunx'd about your head.-

Pope,

We join, like files and wafps, in buxxing about
wit. Sivifu*

2. To whifper ; to prate to.

There is fuch confuiion iti my pow'rs.
As, after fome oration fairly fpoke
By a belovc 1 prince, there doth appear
Among the buzx^ing multitude. Stakefpeare,

3. To found heavy and low.

Herewith jrofe a buxzing noil'e among them, aa
if it had been the ruftling found of t^ie fea afar offV

Hayward.

To Bvy.z. -v. a. To whifper ; to fpread-
fecrctly.

Where doth the v.'orld thruft forth a vanity.
That is not (fiickly buxx'd into his ears ? Sink,

I will buzz, -ibioa'i fuch prophecies.
That Edward (hill be fearful of his lifq. StakeJ^-

Did you nof hear
A buzzing of a fcparaiion
Bitwcen the king and Catherine? Slakeffeen-u

Tlicy might buzz and whifper it one to an-
other, and, t.i.itly withdrawing from the prefence
of the api-ftles, they then lilt their voices, and
noife i: about the city. Butley,

Buzz. ;;./ [from the verb.] A hum;, a
whifper : a talk.

The

B Y

The hive of a city or kingdom is in bcft condi-
tion when there ii Icaft mife or iiiKX in it. Bdccn,

Where I I'jund the whoie outward room in a
ii/jja of politicks. MJifon.

Bv'iZARp. tt. /. \bufari, Fr.]

1 . A degenerate or mean fpecies of hawk.

More pity that the cagie Ihould be mawi'd,
While kites and iux.x.ani\ prey at liberty. Sl/ak.

The noble buzzard ever pleas'd me bell ;
Of fmall rcnoNwn, 'tis true : fori not to lye,
We call him but a hawk by courtefy. Diydtti,

2. A blockhead ; a dunce.

Thofe blind tuxxjrtts, who, in late years, of
wilful malicioiifneli, would neither learo them-
fclves, nor could teach others, any thing at all.

jl/cham.

Bu'zzER. ». / [from 6uzz.] A fecret
whifperer.

Her brother is in fecret come from France,
And wants not buzzers to infeft his car
With petulant fpeeches of his father's death.

Staiiffaire.

BY. fref. [bi, bij, Saxon.]
I. It notes the agent.

The Moor is with child iy you, Launcelot.

Sbakffjl>e(Tre^

The grammar of a language is fometimes to be

carefully lludied ty a gruwn man. Locke.

Deatji 's what the guilty fear, the pious crave.

Sought bj the wretch, and vanijuijh'd by the brave.

Garth.

t. It notes the inftrutnent, and is com-
monly ufed after a verb neuter, where
twith would be put after an aftive ; as
he killed her ivith a fword : ihe died
iy a fword.

But hy PcliJes' arms when Heflor fell,
He chofc i^neas, and he chofe as well. Dryden,

^. It notes the caufe of any effeft.

I view, ty no prefumption led.
Your revels of the night. Parnel.

By wvK the foul to daring aAion flcals,
^y woe in plaintlefs patience it excels. Savage*

4.. It notes the means by which any thing
is performed, or obtained.

You muft think, if we give you any thing, we
liope to gain by you. Stakejpeare.

Happier ! had it fuffic'd him to have known
Good iy itfelf, and evil not at all. M'lltcn.

The heart knows that by itfelf, which nothing
ia the world belides can give it any knowledge of.

Siutb.
We obtain tlie knowledge of a multitude of pro-
pofitions by fenfation and reflection.

ffattt^s Lcgicit,

c. Tt ihews the mannsr of an adion.

I have not patience : ihe confumes the time
In idle talk, and owns her falfe beliefs
S:ize her hy force, and bear her hence unheard.

Dryiev.

This fight had more weight with him, as by
good luck not above two of that venerable boHv
were fallen aflccp. AdJiJim

By chance, within a neighbouring brook.
He fjw his branching hjrns, and alcer'd look.

6. It ^las a fignification, noting the me-
thod in which any fucceffivc aflion is
performed with regard to time or quan-
tity.

The beft for you, is to re-examtoe the caufe,
\ and to try it even point by point, argument by ar-
gument, with all the exa^nef:^ you can. Hooker.

We are not to ftay all together, bur to ccime by
him where he Hands, by ones, by twos, and by
threesr - Shakefjtcare.

He calleth them forth by one, and hy one, by
the name, as he pleafeth, though f^ldom the order
k.e invcr'cd. Bacon.

The captains were obii^d to ^xtiSt tliat fiece

B Y

of ordnance, and fo hy pieces to carry it away,
that the enemy fcould not get fo great a (poll.

Kndlei.

Common prudence would direft me to take
them all out, and examine them one Ay one. Boyle.

Others will foon take pattern and encourage-
ment by your building ; and fo houfe hy houfe,
ft. ect by ftrcet, there will at laft be fisilhcd a mag-
nificent city. Sfrail.

Explor'd her limb hy limb, and fear'd to find
So rude a |;ripe had left a livid mark behind.

Dryits.

Thus year by year they pafs, and day hy day.
Till once, 'twas on the morn of cbcarful May,
The young ^Emilia. Dry Jen.

I'll ga«e for ever on thy godlike father,
Tranfplanting one by one into my life
His bright perfeflions, till 1 fliine like him. ./fJJif.

Let the blows be by paufes laid on. Lccke.

7. It notes the quantity had at one time.

Bullion will fell by the ounce for lix diiUings and
five pence undipped money. Locke.

What we take daily hy pounds, is at leaft of as
much importance as what we take feldom, aad
on!y by grains and fpoonfuls. Arbutbtict,

The North hy myriads pours her mighty fons ;
Great nurfc of Goths, of Alans, and of Huns. Pope.

8. At, or in ; noting place : it is now
perhaps only ufed before the words Jia,
or lualer, and land. This feems a rem-
nant of a meaning now little known. By
once expreifed fituation ; a.i hy 'wejl^
we ft ward.

We fee the great effefts of battles by fea ; the
battle of Aftium decided the empire of the world.

Bacon.

Arms, and the man, I fmg ; who, forc'd by fate,
Expell'd and exil'd, left the Trojan fhore ;
Long labours both by fea and land he bore. DryA.

I would have fought by land, where I was
ftronger :
You hindcr'd it : yet, when I fought at fea, |

Forfook me fighting. Dryden.

£y land, by water, they renew their charge. Pope,

9. According to ; noting permiflion.

It is lawful, both by the laws of nature and na-
tions, and by the law divine, which ^ the perfec-
tion of the other two. Bacon's Holy H^ar.

10. According to ; noting proof.

The prefent, or like, fyftcm of the world can-
not poflibly have b^cn eternal, by the firft propofi-
tion i and, without God, it could not naturally,
nor fortuitoudy, emerge out of chaos, hy the thinl
propofition. Bentley,

"ihe faculty, or defire, being infinite, hy the
preceding propofiiion, may contain or receive both
tbefe. Chr.ne.

1 1 . After ; according to j noting imita-
tion or conformity.

The gofpcl gives us fuch laws, as every man,
that uadcrliandi himfelf, would chufe to live by.

Tii/otfon.
In the divifions I have made, I have endea-
voured, the bed I could, to govern myfelf A^ the
diverfity of matter. Lock,.

This Oiip, by good luck, fell info their hands at
\aH, and (erveJ as a model to build others by.

Arhuthvct.

12. From; noting ground of judgment ;
or coinparifon.

Thus, by the mulick, we may know.
When noble wits a hunting go
Through groves that on Parnalfus grow, ff^allcr.

By what he has done, before the war in which
he was engaged, we may expcQ what he ^yiil do
af;»r a peace. Dryden.

The fjn of Hercules he juftly feems.
By his broad ihoulders and gigantic'c limbs. Dryd.

Who 's that ftraiigcr ? By his warlil^c port.
His fierce demean. ur, and er«Aed look.
He 's of no vulgar note. Dryden.

Judge the CTCBt
By wliat has pal's'd* Dryden.

B Y

The pnnilhinent is not to be meafurci] hy the
greatnefs or fmallnefs of the matter, but by the
oppofition it carries, and (lands in, to that reipeft
and fubmifiion that is due to the father. Locke.

By your defcription of the town, I Imagine it
to lie under fame great enchantment. Pope.

By what I have always heard and read, I take
the ilrcngth of a nation Sviifi,

13. It notes the fum of the difFerence be-
tween two things compared.

Meantime (he ^ands provided of a Laios,
More young and vigorous too hy twenty fprings.

Drydnt*

Her brother Rivers,

Ere this, lies Ihorter iy the head at Ponrfret. Rnoe.

By giving the denomination to Icfs quantities of

filver hy one twcntietl), you take from (hem their

due. Luke,

14. It notes co-operation.

By her he had two children at one birth. Shak,

15. For: noting continuance of time. This
fenfe is not now in life.

Ferdinand and Iiabeila recovered the kingdom
of Grenada from the Moors ; having been in fttC
felTton Xhcitxi hy the (pace of fevcn hundred years.

Bacon.

16. As foon as ; not later than ; noting time.

By this, the fons of Conftantine which fled,
Arabrife and Uther, did ripe years attain.

Fairy Sfueext
Heftor, hy the fifth hour of the fun.
Will with a trumpet, 'twixt our tents and Troy,
To-morrow morning call fome knight to arms.

Sbakefpeartt

He err'd not ; for, hy this, the heav'nly bands

Down from a Iky of jafper lighted now

In Paradife. Milton.

Thefe have their courfe to finiAs round the earth

By morrow cv'ning. Milion.

The angelic gua'-ds afcended, mute and fad
For man : for of his ftate by tlijs they knew.

Mitttn.
By that time a fiege is carried on two or three
days, I am altogether loll and bewildered in it.

jiddifon.
Sy this time, the very foundation was removed.

Sviifi.

By the beginning of the fourth century from

the building of Rome, the tribunes proceeded fo

far, as to accufi; and fine the confuls. Stvifu

17. Befide : noting paffage.

Many beautiful places, ftanding along the fea
(horc, make the town appear longer than it is to
thofe that fail hy it. A.!d'ifn.

18. Befide ; near to; in prcfence: noting
proximity of place.

So thou rray'ft fay, the king lies hy a beggar,
if a beggar dwell near him ; or the church ftantjj
hy thy tabour, if thy labour (land by the church.

Sb.ikcjfe<>re»
Here he comes himfelf j
If he be worth any man's good voice.
That good man fit down by him. Ben yonfon.

A fpacious plain, whereon
Were tents of various hue : hy fome were herds
Of cattle graiing. Mllto*.

Stay Iy me ; tliou art refolute and faithful ;
I have employment w >rthy of thy arm. Dryden.

19. Before him/elf, hcrfdf, or themfcl'ues, ie
notes the ablence of all others.

Silting ii fome pl«ce, by himfelf, let him tranf.
late irto Englilh his former IcHjn. ytjchan.

Sniyman rcfolved to alfault the breach, after he
had, by y.mjelfyln a melancholy mood, walked up
and down in his tent. Knlliii Hill, of the Turkt.

I know not whether he will annex his difcourfs
to his appendix, or publilh it hy Ufelf, or at all.

Boyle.

He will imagine, that the king and Ijis minilters
fat down and made them hy ibcmfelves, and then
fent them to their allies to fign. Sivife.

Mare pleas'd to keep it till their friends could
come.
Than c^t (he fueeteil hy llem/eh/es at home. Pope,

ZO. At

B Y

20. At hand.

He kept then ftrae of the ff int ty him, to ve-
rify what he believes. B<.yle.

The merchant is not forccj to keep fo mucli
money by him, as in other places, where they have
not fuch a lupply. Lecke.

ai. It is the folemn form of fwearing.

His godhead i invoke, by liim I Hvear. Vryden.

22. It is ufed in forms of adjuring, or ob-
tefting.

Which, O ! avert ty yon etherial light.
Which I have loft for this eternal night j
Or, if by dearer ties you may be won.
By your dead fire, and by your living fon. Drydin.
Now^ your joys on earth, your hopes in heav'n,
O fpare this great, this good, this aged king !

Dryde-n*
O cruel youth !
By all the pain that wrings my tortur'd foul,
By all the dear tecuitful hopes you gav? me,
O ccafe ! at Icaft once more delude my forrows.

Smith.

zj. It lignifies fpecification and particula-
rity.

Upbraiding heav'n, from whence his lineage
came.
And cruel calls the gods, and cruel thee, by name.

Drydcn.

24. By proxy of: noting fubftitution.

The gods were faij to ftaft with Ethiopians ;
that is, they were prcfent with them by their
llatucs. Brxmc.

25. In the fame dire^on with.

Theyarealfoilriared,or fuiTowed, ^'the length,
and the fides curioufly punched, or pricked. Crew.
Bv. adv.

1 . Near ; at a fmall dillance.

And In it lies the god of Heep ;

And, fnorting by.

We may defcry
The monfters of the deep. Drjden.

2. Befide ; pafiing.

I did heir
The galloping of horfe. Who was 't came by f

3. In prcfencc.

'ff'

Sbttktfftare.

The fame words in my lady Phiioclea's mouth,
Ai from one woman to another, fo as there was no
other body by, might have had a better grace.

Sidney.
rU not be by the while ; my liege, farewel :
What will become hereof, there 's none can telL

Shakefpcare.
There while I fing, if gentle youth be by.
That tunei my lute, and wmds the llrings fo high.

PrisV-ers anJ witnclTes were waiting by;
Tacie bad been taught to fwear, and thofe to die.

Rtj'ccmman.

You have put a principle into him, which w ill
influence his actions when you are not ly, Locke.

By and Br. In a ihort time.

He overtook Amphialus, who had been (laid
beie, and by and by called him to fight with him.

Sidsey.

The noble kniglit alighted by and by
From lufty fteed, and bad the la^iy fUy,
To fee wha: e.id of fight ihould him befall that
'by. Sfcrjcr.

la the temple, by ar.d by, with us,
Thefe couplci fhall eternally be knit. Sbaieffcarc,

O how this fpring of love refcmbleih
THe uncertain tiiory cf nn April day 5
Which now Ihcwi -Ik the beauty of the fon,
And by and by a cloud takes all away. Staie/f.

Now a fcniibie man, by end by a fool, and prc-
fently a bea:l. Slrritfieart's 0:ht!h.

Br. n./. [from the prepolKion.] Some-
thing not the direct and immediate ub-
jcft of regard.

In thit ir.llance, there is, upon the ^, to be
ncceJ, the petcolaueo^oi the verjuice (hruugb ix
wood.- £ai:.r..

B Y

This wolf was forced to make bold, evir and
anon, v\'ith a flieep in private, by the by.

L' EJlrange,

Hence we may underftand, to add that upon

the/yj, that it is nrt necc^ary. Foyte.

S*, while my iov*d revenge is full and iiigh,
I'll give you back your kingdom by the ly.

Dryden.

By, in compofition, implies fomething out
of the direft way, and conlequently
fome obfcurity, as a by-road; fomething
irregular, as a by-end ; or fomething
coHateral, as a bj-concernment ; or pri-
vate, as a by-laiu. This compofition is
ufed at pleafure, and will be underllood
by the examples follovving.

Br-coFFEEHOusE. n.f, A coffee-houfe
in an obfcure place.

I afterwards entered a hy-ctffetboufe, that ftood
at the upper end of a narroNV lane, where I met
with a nonjuror. Addifon.

Br-coNCERNMENT. ».yr An affair which
is not the main bufinefs.

Our plays, befides the main dcfign, have under-
plots, or by-ccm-emmentt, or Id's coiiiiderable per-
fons and intrigues, which are carried on with the
motion of the main plot. Drydcn.

Br-DEPENDENCE. >!,/. An appendage ;
fomething accidentally depending on
another.

Thefe,
And your three motives to the battle, with
J know not how much more, /huuld be demanded ;
And all the other by-defcndcmiit.
From chance to chance. Stuiifjcare.

By-DESioN. n./. An incidental purpofe.
And if (he mifs the moufe-trap lines.
They'll ferve for other by-dtjigni.
And make an attill underftund
To copy out her feal or hand ;
Or find void places in the paper.
To Ileal in fomething to entrap her. Hodibras.

By-end. n. /. Private interell ; fecret
advantage.

All peop e that worrtiip for fear, profit, or fome
other by-ind, fall within the intendment of this
fable. L'Efirangc.

Br-coNE. adj. [a Scotch word.] Paft.

Tell him, you're fufe
All in Bohemia 's well : this fatisfaiiion
The by-gone day proclaim'd, Shaiefpeare.

As we have a conceit of motion coming, as well
as by-gcne; fo have we of time, which depcndcth
thereupon. Gre'w.

Br-iNTEREST. w.y; Interell dilUnft from
that of the publicic.

Various factions and parties, all aiming at hy-
intertjl, witliout any finccrc regard to the public
good. Atltrhury.

Br-LAW. n.f.

By-la-wi are orders made in court-Ieets, or
court-barons, by common alfent, for the good of
thofe that make them, farther than the publick
law binds. Cncell.

There was alfo a law, to reilrain the if /awj
and ordinances of corporations. Baccn.

In the beginning of this record is iitfcrted the
law or inftitution ; to which are added two by-
laws, as a comment upo;i the general law.

jidJifon.

By-mattek. n.f. Something incidental.

I krcw one that, whrn he wrote a letter, wouid
put that which was moii mate ial into the poft-

fcrpt, as if it had been a /jr-»/j»rr. Baan.

Br-NAME. n.f. A nicli-name ; name of
reproach, or accidental appellation.

K >b. ■ t, t.tl' it ion to tlie Conquf rour, uted (horr
h^fe, add thereupon was by-named Court-hole,
and fhowcd lirit cheufcof them to tlieSnglifn.

Camden.

B T

By-past, ad/.' Paft : a term of the Scotch-
dialed.

Wars, peftilences, and difeafes, hive not been
fewer for thefe three hundred years by-paji, than,
ev^r they had been lince we have had records,

Cbeyne^

By-path. n. f. A private or obfcurr
path.

Heav'n knows, my fon.
By what bf-fatks, and indirect crook'd ways,
1 got this crown. Shakifieitrer

Br-RESPECT. n.y; Private end or view.

It may be that Ibme, upon by-r!fpecf:,i\nd Come-
what friendly ufage in ufancc, at fome cf thei»
hands. Cartnv.-

1 he archbifhops and bilhops, next under the'
kin;, have the government of the church : be not
you the mean to prefer any to thoie places, for
any by-rcffells, but only for their learning, gravity,
and worth. Bjcon.

Auguftus, who was not altogether fo good as h«
was wife, had fome by-rrjfta: in the enafting of
tliis law; for to do any thing for nothing, was
not his maxim. Drydcn.

By-road. n.f. An obfcure unfrequented-
path.

Through (lipp'ry by-rnads, dark and deep,
They often climb, and often creep. Sivift^

Br-ROOM. n. f. A private room within-
another.

1 pr'ythee, do thou Hand in fome by-room, while
1 queftion my puny drawer to what end he gave
the fugar. Shakeffeare.

Br-s?EECH. n.f. An incidental or ca-
fual fpeech, not direftly relating to the
point.

When they conie to allege what word and what
law they meant, their common ordinary priflice 13
to quote by-fpeecha, in fome hiftorieal narration-
orothcr,and to ule them as if they were written in
mod exaft form of law. Hooker.

Br-sTANDER. n.f. A looker on; one
unconcerned.

She broke her feathers, and, falling to the
ground, was taken up by the by-JianJcrs.

h'EJhartgi.

The by-flandfri aikcd him, why he ran away^-
his bread being weight ? Locke.'

By-street. n.f. An obfcure ftreet.

The broker here his fpacious benver wears,-
Upon his brow fit jealoulies and cares;
Bent on fome mortgage, to avoid reproach.
He feeks by-JIreets, and faves th' expenfive coacb.-

Gay.

By-view. n.f. Private felf-interefted pur-
pofe.

No by-v'mDi of his own Ihall miflcad him.

^tterbury.-

By-walk. »._/; A private walk ; not tho^
main road.

H-2 moves afterwards in Ly-iualks, or under-
plot;., as divcrfions to the main defign, left it
fhould grow tedious j though they are ftill natu-
rally joined. Drydcn.

The chief avenue ought to be the moft ample
and noblcj but there fiiould be by-iva/ts, to retire'
into fomctimcs, for eaic and refrclhnicnt. Broome.-

Br-WAY. ». f. A private and obfcure
way.

Night ftcalths arc commonly drivcnin by-ivays^^
and by blind fords, unufed of any but luch like.

Spenjcr on JreJand.-
Other /^-wa)-r he himiclf b<-to )k.
Where never foot ot living wight diJ tread.

Sfen/er^
Wholly abflain, or wed : thy bounteous Lord

Allows thee choice of paths ; take no by-ivays,-
But giudly welcume what he doth afford j

Not grudging tliat thy luft hath bounds and

flays. Herbert..

A fcivant, or a favourite, if Ik be in want, and

no

B y

B Y

B Y Z

Ito other ipparrnt ouk of eftcrmi It commonly
thought but a ly-vay to dofc corruption, Bacm.
This is wonderfully diierting to theunderthlnd-
Ing, thus to receive a precept, as it were, through
a ij-ivay, and to apprehend an idea that drawi a
whole train ar'ter it. ^ddif<m,

Bv-WEST. tt. /. Weftward; to the weft
of.

Whereupon grew that bjr-word, ufed by the
Irifti, that they dwelt bj-ivcft the law, which
dwelt beyond the river of the Barrow.

David n Ireland,

By-woRo, n. /, A faying j % proverb.

iiafhful Henry be d«pos'd j whofe cowardice
Hath made us by-tvordi to our enemies. Sbakejp,

I knew a wife m.in, that had it for a ty-tacrj,
when he faw mon hal^n to a condufion. Stay a
little, that we may make an end the fooner. Bacon,

Wc are become a by-ivvd among the nations
for our ridiculous feuds and animofities. Addijon,

It will be his lot often to look fingular, in
loofe and licentious times, and tu become a by-
'M:id and a reproach among the men of wit and
pkafure, Anirbury.

By'aii. «./ SeeBiAi.

Every inordinate luft is a falfe hyaft apon men't
underftandings, which naturally draws towards a-
thcilm. , Tiikt/nn,

Bye, or Bee, come immediately from the
Saxon by, bpnj, i. c. a dwelling.

By'zantine. See Bizantikb. Bj'
xantim is the true orthography.

c.

CAB

CThe third letter of the alphabet,
has two founds ; one like A, as
7 call, clod, craft, coal, companion,
(unciform ; the other as i, as Crefar, cef
fation, cinder. It founds like k before a,
o, tt, or a confonant ; and like s before
e, i, and y.
Cab. ». /. [ap] A Hebrew meafure,
containing about three pints Englilh,
or the eighteenth part of the ephah.
CABA'L. /;./ \cahale, Fr. nVap, tradi-
tion.] _ ^

1. The fecret fcience of the Hebrew rab-
bins.

2. A body of men united in fome clofe
defign. A cabal differs from a party, as

fenu from many.

She often intcrpofed her royal authority, to
break the cahah which were forming againft her
firft minivers. Addifin.

3. Intrigue ; fomething lefs than confpi-
racy.

When each, by curs'd raij/i of women, drove
To draw th' indulgent king to partial love. Dryd.
Tff Caba'l. i;. //. \^cabaler,Ft.'\ To form
clofe intrigues; to intrigue; to unite
in fmall parties.
His miurnful friends, fummon'd to take their
leaves,
fin throngV abjut his couch, and fit in council :
What rhofe cabaU'wg captains may defign,
I mid pievent, by being firft in adion. Dnden.
Ca'bai.ist. h. f. [from caSal.] One
Ikilled in the traditions of the Hebrews.

Then Jove thus fpake : with care and pain
We foim'd this name, renown 'd in rhimc.

Not thine, immortal Neufgermain I
Coft ftudioui caha/ijls m -re time. Sittlft.

Caballi'stical. 7 fl<^. [from cabal.]
Caballi'stick. J Something that has
an occult meaning.

The letters arc caialliflieal, and carry more !n
them than it is prof cr for the world to be acquaj nt-
(<l with. jtlddifcn.

CAB

He taught him to repeat two cabaliijikk words,
in pronouncing of which the whole fecret confifted.

SpeHator.

Caba'ller. n.f. [from cabal.] He that
engages with others in clofe defigns ; an
intriguer.

Factious and rich, bold at the council board ;
But, cautious in the field, he (hunn'd the fword ;
A clofe cabailer, and tongue-valiant lord. Drydert.

Ca'balline. a<^'. [faW//aK/, Lat.] Be-
longing to a horfe ; as, caballine aloes,
or horfe aloes.

CA'BARET. n.f [French.] A tavern.

Suppofe this fer\-ant, palling by fome cabaret
or tennis-court where his comraJes were drinking
or playing, ihould ftay with them, and drink or
play awav his money. Bramhall againji Hobbts,

CA'BBAGE. n.f [cabus, Fr. braj^ca,
Lat.] A plant.

The leaves arc large, flefliy, and of a glaucous
colour i the flowers confift of four leaves, which
are fuccecded by long taper pods, containing feve-
ral round acrid feeds. The fpccies are, raWa^r. Sa-
voy cabbtige, Bruccoli. The caulijipzver. The mufk
cabbage. Branching tree cabiagc, from the fca-
coaft. Colnvcrt. Perennial Alpine (o/nccrf. Per-
foliatcd wild cabbage. Sec. Miiler.

Cole cabbage, and coleworts, are foft and demul-
cent, without any acidity; the jelly or juice of
red cabbage, baked in an oven, and mixed with
honey, is an excellent perioral, yirbutb. cnjJl.r..

ToCa'bbage. <i/. n. To form ahead;

as, the plants begin to cabbage.
?"o Ca'bSage. t;. a. [a cant word among

taylors.] To Heal in cutting clothes.

Your taylor, inftcad of threads, cabbagei whole
yards of cloth. ^rbuilmt.

Ca'bbage tree.b./ a fpecies of/a/»»-
tree.

It is very common in the Caribbec idands,
where it grbws to a prodigious height. The leaves
of this tree envelope each other, fo that thofe whi' h
are inclofcd, being deprived of the air, are blanch-
ed; which is the part the inhabitants cut for plaits
for hats, and the young dioots are pickled : but
wlicnever tliis part is cut out, the trees arc dc-

CAB

ftroyed ; nor do they rife again from the old roots |
fo that there are very few trees left remaining near
plantations. Miller,

Ca'bbage-^^orm. B.y; An infefl.
CA'BIN. n.f [cabane, Fr. cbabin, Wellh,
a cotuge.]

1. A fmall room.

So long in fecret cabin there he held

Her captive to his fenfual defire.
Till that with timely fruit her belly fwell'd.

And bore a boy unto a favage fire. Spenfer,

2. A fmall chamber in a (hip.

Give thanks you have lived fo long, and make
yourfelf ready, in your cabin, for the mifchancc of
the hour, if it fo happen. Sbakffpcare,

Men may not expert the ufe of many cabins,
and fafety at once, in the fca fervice. Ra/eigb,

The chefsboard, we fay, is in the fame place it
was, if it remain in the fame part of the cabin,
though the fhip fails all the wliile. Lecke,

3. A cottage, or fmall houfe.

Come from marble bow'rs, many times the gay

harbour of anguiih.

Unto a filly cabin, though weak, yet ftronger agginfl

woes. • Sidney,

Neither fhould that odious cuftom be allowed,

of flaying off the green furface of the ground, to

cover their cabins, or mak.*^ up their dirches. Swift,.

4. A tent, or temporary habitation.

Some of green b-nighs their (icndcr cabins frame.
Some lodged were Tortnfa's flreirts about. Fairfax,

To Ca'bik. f. ff. [from the noun.] To
live in a cabin.

I'll make you feed on berries and on roots,
And feed on curds and whey, and fuck the goat.
And cabin in a cave. Siakefpeeri,

ToCa'bin. v. a. To confine in a cabin.

Fleance is 'fcap'd ; I had elle been perfeQ,
As broad and general as the cafing air;
But now Vm cabin'd, cribb'd, confinM, bound in.
To faucy doubts and fear. Staiefpeare,

Ca'bined. aJ/'. [from cabin.] Belonging
to a cabin.

The nice mom, on the Indian ftecp.
From her cabin'd loophole peep. Milun,

CABINET, n.f [cabinet, Fr.]
I . A dofet ; a fmall room.

At

C A C

- At botTi come'^f the farther fide, let there be
two delicate or rich cabinets, daintily pared, richly
hanged, glazed with cryftalline glaft, and a rich
cupola in the midft, and all Khei elegancy that
may be thought on. Bacon.

Z. A hut or fmall uoufe.

Hearken awhile in thy green tah'iret.

The laurel fong of careful Colinct. Sptnfer,

3. A private room in which confultations
are held.

You began In the cabinet what yoa afterwarih
pradlifed in the camp. Drydeti.

4. A fet of bores or drawers for cnriofi-
ties ; a private box.

Who fee^ a foul in fuch a body fet,
Might love the treafure iot the cahiiui . BcnyoKfoii.
In vain the worlcman ihew'd his wit.
With rings and hinges counterfeit.
To make it feem, in this difguife,
A cabinet to vulgar eyes. Stvift,

5. Any place in which things of value are
hidden.

Thy bread hath ever been the cabinet.
Where 1 have locked nny fccrets. Dcvham,

We cannot dtfcourfe of the fecret, but by de-
fcribiog our duty j but fo much duty mnft needs
open a cabinet of myrtcrics. tailor,

Ca'einet-council. n.f.
I. A council held in a private manner,
with unufual privacy and confidence.

The doftrine of Italy, and practice of France,
in fome kings times, hath introduced ctbina-
councih. Bacon.

t. A feleil number of privy counfellors
foppofed to be particularly trulled.

From the highcft to the lowed it is univerfally
read ; from the cabinet -amncil to the nurfery.

Gay to S'Ufiff,
Ca'binet-maker. n. /. [from cabinet
and maie.] One that makes imaU nice
drawers or boxes.

The root of an old white thorn will mike very
fine boxes and combs; fo that they would be of
great ufe for the cabinet-makeri, as well as the
turners and others. Mortimi-r.

Ca'bi.e. n,/. [cabj, Welfh ; cahel, Dutch.]
The great rope of a fliip to which the
anchor is faHened.

What though the maft be now blown overboard.
The cable broke, the holding anchor loit.
And half our Tailors fwallow'd in the'flood.
Vet lives qpr pilot ftill * Shakejftare.

The length of the caUi is the life of the ihip in
all excremitics \ and the reafon is, bcciule it nukes
fo many beodings and waves, as the /hip, riding
at that length, is not able to ftretch it ; and no-
thing breaks tlut is not ftretched. KaUigb.

The cabia crack ; the failors fearful cries
Afcendj and fable night involves the flcies. Dr^d.

-Ca'burns. ». f. Small ropes ufed in
ftips. Did.

Ca'cao. See Chocolate nut.

Cache'ctical. ) ai/>. [from cachexy.^

Cache'ctick. \ Having an ill habit
of body ; (hewing an ill habit.

Young and florid bl'jud, racher than vapid and
tad iHkal. ArbMbnet on A r.

The crude chyle (wims inthebiood, and .ifpt.'ars, 1
as milk in the blood, of fome perfons who aie la-
ihiBic. Filler.

CACHF/XY. «./, [xaxAict.-] A general
word to exprefs a great variety oi' fymp-
toms : moft commonly it denotes Ibch a
dillemperature of the humours, as hin-
ders nutrition, and weakens the vital
and aoiroa) fundli&ns ; proceeding from
weaknefs of the fibres, and an abufe ot
the non-naturals, and oticn from fevere
acute dift'.mpers. Arhuibnot mi Diet.

Vol. I.

CAD

Cachinna'tion. ». f. \_cachinnatio,
Lat.] A loud laughter. Diil.

Ca'ckerel. n. /. a fi(h, faid to make
thofe who eat it laxative.

To CA'CKLE. 'V. n. \kaeckelen, Dutch.]

I. To make a noife as a goofe.

The nightingale, if flie ihould fing by day.
When every goofe is cackling, would be thought
No better a mufician than the wren. Shakejfeare.

Or rob the Roman geefe of all their glories.
And lave the ftate, by cackling to the tories. Psfe.

z. Sometimes it is ufed for the noife of a
hen.

The trembling widow, and her daughters twain.
This woeful cackling cry with honour heard
Of thofe diftrafled dam Ws in the yard. Diyden.

3. To laugh; to giggle.

Nlc grinned, cackled, and laughed, till he was
like to kill himfelf, and fell a frilking and dancing
about the room. Arbuthmt,

Ca'ckle. n.f. [from the verb.]

1. The voice of a goofe or fowl.

Tlie filver goofe bcloie the Ihining gate
There flew, and by her r«W<fav'd thClUte. Dryd.

2. To talk idly.

Ca'ckle R. ti. /. \fTom cackle.^

1 . A fowl that cackles.

2. A telltale ; a tatler.

Cacoch y'mical. J «i^'. [from cacochy-
Cacochv'mick. 5 "y-l Having the
humours corrupted.

It will prove very advantageous, if only caco-
thytnick, to clarify his blood with a laxative.

Harvey on Cnjumftions.
If the body be eacechyrnical, the tumours are apt
to degenerate into very venomous and malignant
abfcefles, IViJeinan.

The ancient writers diftinguifhed putrid fevers,
by putrefaftion of blood, choif r, melancholy, and
phlegm j and this is to be explained by an e/Ter-
vefcence happening in a particular cacocbymical
bloQd. FUyer on the Humours.

CACOCHY'MY. «. / [xaxoxt^^ia.] A
depravation of the humours from a found
ftate, to what the pbyficians call by a
general name of a cacochymy. Spots, and
difcolorations of the ftin, are figns of
weak fibres ; for the lateral veflels,
which lie out of the road of circulation,
let grofs humours pafs, which could not,
if the vttfels had their due degree of
ftridlure. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

Strong beer, a liquor that attributes the half of
its ill qualities to the hops, confifting of an acri-
monious liery nature, fets the blood, upoa the leaft
caccch-jmy, into an orgafmus. Harvey.

Caco'phokv. ». /. [xajttfwia.] A bad
found of words.

Thcfe things lliall lie by, till you Qoroc to carp
at them, and alter rhimcs, grammar, triplets, and
cat opboniei of all kinds. J^opc t'j Sivifi,

7« Cacu'mis ATE. 1/. a. [(-«(■</«/«», Iwat.]
To make fliarp or pyramidal. Di^.

CADA'vExous.flrf)'. [cacfevtr, Lat.] Hav-
ing the appearance of a dead carcals ;
hiiving the qualities of a dead earcais.

in vain. do they fcruple to approach the ^ciA,
wbulivingly arc cad.ivertiui, for tear of any outward
pollution, whofc temper pollutes ihemrelvrs.

Bro-wni yiitgar Errcurs.

The urine, long detained in the bladder, as well
asglal<,will grow red, foc6i, cadavrous, and alka-
line. The cafe is the fame with the (^agnant waters
of hydr0pic.1l perfons. Arbufbnur t.tt Alimrnrs.

Ca'ddis. n,/. [This word is ufed in Erie
for the variegated clothes of tlie liigh-
landers.]

CAD

1 . A kind of tape or ribbon.

He hath ribbons of all the colours of the rain-
bow ; inkles, caddifet, cambricks, lawns ; why, he
luigs them over as if they were gods and godde JTes.

Shakejpeare.

2. A kind of worm or grub found in a
cafe of ftraw.

He loves the mayfly, which is bred of the cod-
worm, ot caddis; and thefe make the trout bold
and luily. ffalmn's Angler.

Cade. at^J. [It is deduced, by Sii/iner,
from caiieler, Fr. an old word, which
fignifies to breed up tenderly.] Tamej
foft ; delicate ; as, a cade lamb, a lamb
bred at home.

To Cade. f. a. [from the noun.] To
breed up in foftnefs.

Cade. n.f. [cadus, Lat.] A barrel.

We John Cade, fo termed of our fuppofel
father.^— Or rather of ftealing a cade of her.
rings. Shalrfpeare,

Soon as thy liquor from the narrow cells
Of clofe prefs'd hulks is freed, thou muft refrain
Thy thirlly foul ; let none perfuadc to broach
Thy thick, unwholefome, undigefted cades. Philips^

Cade- WORM. «./ The fame with caddis.

Ca;dence.7 [cadence, Vr.}

Ca dency. J •' *• -'

1 . Fall ; ftate of finking ; decline.

Now was tlie fun in weftern cadence low
From noon ; and gentle airs, dxic at their hours.
To fan the earth, now vvak'd. Milton,

2. The fall of the voice ; fometimes the
general modulation of the voice.

The Hiding, in the clofe or cadence, hath an

agreement with the figure in rhetorick, which they

call prater expeifatumj for there is a plcafure even

in being deceived. Bacon.

There be words not made with lung^,

Sententious /h.ow'rs I O let them fall !

Their cadence is rhetorical. Crajh^w*

3. The flow of verfes, or periods.

The words, the verlification, and all the other
elegancies of found, as cadences, and turns of words
upon the thought, perform exai5lly the fame office
both in dramatick and cpick poetry. Dryden.

The ctidcncy of one line mull be a rule to that
of tlie next; as the found of the former muft
flids gently into that \vhioh follows, DtyitK.

4. The tone or found.

Hollow rocks retain
The found of bluft'ring winds, which al! nightlong
Had rous'd the fca, now with hoarfe cadence lull
Sea-faring men, o'crwatcli'd. Milion.

He hath a confuted remembrance of words lince
he left the univcrfity ; he hath lolt half their
meaning, and puta them together with no regard,
except to their cadence, Swijit

5. In horfemanftiip.

Cadence is an equal meafure or proportion which
a h irfe obfcrves in all his motions, when he iv
thoroughly managed. Farrier's Dilh

Ca'dent. adj. Icade/ts, Lat.] Falling

down.
Cade't. If. /. [cadef, Fr. pronounced

(Wf. ]

1 . The younger brother,

2. The youngeft brother.

Jofepli was the yuungell of the two^fe, fttj/i
David the eleventh foo, and the cadet of Jelfe.

Brctvn's Vulgcr Krrottrt.

3. A voluntier in the armj', who fervcs in
expeftation of a commiffioa.

Ca'dew. It./. A ftraw worm. See Cad-
dis. Di^.

Ca'dger. n.f. [from cadge, or ca^c, a.
poKter.] A huckller ; one who brings
butter, eggs, and poultry, from tli».
country to market.

i k CJ'DIs.

C A I

CJ'DI. x. /. A magiflrate among tlie
Turks, whofe office ieems nearly to
anfwer to that of a jullice of ]>eace.

Cadi'llack. tt./. A fort of pear.

CJETCUS. tt. r. [Lat] A wind from
the north-eaft.

Now, from the northi
Barras and Cai'uu, and Argcltcs l»ud.
And ThracUs, rend the woods, and leas upturn.

C^sa'rean. See Cesarian.

C^SU'RJ. IK/. [Lat.] A figur-e in poe-
try, by which a tliort fyllable after a
complete foot is made long.

CA'FTJN. n./. [Perfick.] A Perfian or
Turkifh veft or garment.

Cac. n. /. A barrel, or wooden veflel,
containing four or five gallons. Some-
times keg.

CAGE. n./. [^cage, Fr. from ca-vca, Lat.]

1. An inclofurc of twigs or wire, in which
birds are kept.

See whether a cag.- can pleafe a bird ? or whe-
■ ther a dog grow not fiercer with tying ? Suiviy.

He taught me how to Icaow a man in love ; iji
which cage of ru/hes, 1 am Aire you are not a pri-
foner, SbakeJ'peare.

Though flaves, like birds that fing not in a cage.
They loft their genius, and poetick rage j
Homers again and Pindars may be found.
And his great actions with their numbers crown'd.

H'alltr.

And parrots, imitating human tongue,
And tinging birds in lilver cagei hung;
And ev'ry fragrant flow'r, and od'rous green.
Were forted well, with lumps of amber laid between.

Dryden,

A man recurs to our fancy, by remembering
liis garment ; a beall, bird, or hSk, by the cagt,
or court-yard, or cifiem, wherein it was kept.

Watts en the MinJ.

The reafon why fo few marriages aie happy, is,
becaufe young ladies fpend their time in making
nets, not in making c'agti. Sivift.

2. A.place for wild beafts, inclofed with
pallifadoes.

3. A prifon for petty malefaftors.

To Cage. 'v. a. [from the noun.] To in-
dofe in a cage.

He fwoln, and pamper'd with high fare.
Sits down, and fnorcs, cag^d in his balkec-chair.

Dounc.

CJI'MAN. «. /. The American name of

a crocodile.
To CAJO'LE. T. a. [cageoller, Fr.] To
flatter ; to footh ; to coax : a low word.

Thought he, 'tis no mean part of civil

State prudence, to cajtli the deril. Hujiiras.

The one affronts him, while the other cajo/ts

and pities him : takes up his quarrel, fliakes his

head at it, clafps his hand upon his breaft, ind

then proffts and protefts. L'Eflrangr.

My tongue that wanted to cajolt

I try'd, but not a word would troll. Ryrr.tr.

Cajo'l£r.»./ [fromf<j/o/<r.] Aflatterer;

a wheedler.
Cajo'lery. n.f. [cajolerie, Fr.] Flattery.
CJ'ISSON. n.f. [French.]

1. A cheft of bombs or powder, laid in
the enemy's way, to be fired at their
approach.

2, A wooden cafe in which the piers of
bridges are built within the water.

Cai'tiff. n.f. [cattivo, Ital. a flave ;
-whence it came to fignify a bad man,
with feme implication of m«annefs i as
3 .: .

C A L

irtave in Englilh, and fur in Latin"} fo
certainly does flavery deftroy virtue.

Homer,
A flavc and a fcoandrel are Cgnified by
the fame words in many languages.] A
mean villain ; a defpicable knave : it
often implies a mixture of wickednefs
and mifery.

V'Ae- caitiff! vaflal of dread and dcffair,
Unworthy of the common breathed air !
Why Kvcft thou, dead dog, a longer day.
And doll not unto death thyfelf prepare ? Sfaijcr.

*l'is not impoiiiblc
But one, the wicked'ft caitiff ou the ground,
May fecm as Ihy, as grave, as juITpas abfolute.
As Angclo. . Shakejfeare.

The wretched caitiff, all alone.
As he believ'd, began to moan.
And tell his ftory to himfelf. Iludibras.

CAKE. n.f. [cuc/j, Teutonick.]

1. A kind of delicate bread.

You muft be feeing chriftenings ! do you look
for ale and caiM here, you rude rafcals ? Sbatejp,

My cake is dough, but I'll in among the reft,
Out of hope of all but my ftiare of the (t»&. Stak.

The difmal day was come ; the prisfts prepare
Their leaven'd cat:s, and fillets for my hair. Dryd.

2. Any thing of a form rather flat than
high ; by which it is fometimes diltin-
guifhed from a loaf.

There is a cake that groweth upon the fide of a
dead tree, that hath gotten no name, but it is large,
and of a cheftnut colour, and hard and pithyi

SaccK^s Natural Uijhry,

3. Concreted matter ; coagulated matter.

Then when the fleecy Jkies new cloath tlie wgod.

And cakis of ruftling ice come rolling down the

flood. Drydtn.

To Cake. f. n. [from the noun.] To
harden, as dough in the oven.

1 his burning matter, as it funk very leifurcly,
had time to cake together, and form the bottom,
which covers the mouth of that dreadful vault that
lies underneath it. Addijm on Italy.

This is that very Mab,
That plats the manes of horfes in the night.
And cakes the clflucks in foul flutcilh hairs. Stak.

He rins'd the wound.
And walh'd away the ftrings and dotted blood.
That cak'd within. Addifin.

Calaba'sh Tree,

It hath a flower confifting of one leaf, divided at
the brim into feveral parts ; from whofe cup rifes
the pointai, in the hinder part of the flower; which
afterwards becomes a flc/hy fruit, having an-hard
fliell. They rife to the height of twenty-five or
thirty feet in the Well Indies, where they grow na-
turally. The fliells areufed by the negroes for cups,
as alfo for making inftruments of mufic, by mak-
ing a hole in the Ihell, and putting in fmall ftones,
with which they make a (ore of rattle. Miller.

Calama'nco. »./ [a word derived, pro-
balply by fome accident, from calaman-
ctts, Lat. which, in the middle ages, fig-
nified a hat.] A kind of woollen lluiF.

He was of a bulk and ftature larger than ordi-
nary, had a red coat, flung opea to fliew a cala-
manco waiftcoat. • tatler.
Ca'lamine, or Lapis Calaminaris. n, J.
A kind of foflile bituminous earth, which,
being mixed with copper, changes it
into brafs.

\Ve muft not omit thofe, which, though not of
fo much beauty, yet aie of greater ufe, «z. load-
ftones, whetftones of all kinds, limeftoucs, cala-
mine, or lapi^ calaminaris, Lccke,
C a'l A M I N T . »./. \_calamintha, Lat.] The

name of a plant.
Cala'mitous, aJj. [cahmilo/us, Lat.]

C A L

1. Miferable ; involved in diArefi ; op-
preficd with infelicity ; unhappy
wretched : applied to men.

This it a gracious provision God Almighty batk
made in favour of the neceOitous and ealamitous ;
the Date of fome, in this life, being fo extremely
wretched and deplorable, if compared with otiiers.

2. Full of mifery ; diflrefsful : applied to
external circumftances.

Whatrat'onuVcui eii'eds thcairofthiscity wrought
upon us the laft year, you may read in my difcourC;
of the platuc. Harvey m Ctnfumftisw

Stria' neceflity '

Subdues me, and calamitcus conftraint*!
I.eft un m]r head both fin and puniihment,
However infupportable, be all
Devolv'd. Atiliin,

Much rather I (hall chufe
To live the pooreft in my tribe, than richeft,
And be in that alamiicus prifon left. Miltm,

In this fad and calamitous condition, deliverjnee-
from an opprelfour would have even revived them.

Swift,

Cala'mitousness. n, /. [frdm calanii-

tous."] Mifery ; diftrefs.
C.-^LA'MITY. n.J. [calamitas, Lat.]

1. Misfortune; caufe of mifery ; diftrefs..

Another ill accident i.- drought, and the fpind-
lingofthc corn, which with us is rare, but in hotter
countries common ; infomuch as the word calamity
was firft derived from calamus, when the corn could
not get out of the ftalk. Baton,

2. Mifery ; diftrefs.

This infinite ffl/f7w//)' (hall caufe
To human life, and houlhouid peace confound.

Milteti,
From adverfe Ihores in fafety let her hear
Foreign calamity, and diftant war;
Of which, great heav'n, let her no portioo.bear.

Prior,

CA'LAMUS, n. f. [Lat.] A fort of reed
or fweet-fcented wood, mentioned in
fcripture with the other ingreUienta of
the facred perfumes. It is a knotty root,
reddifti without, and white within, which
puts forth long and narrow leaves, anti
brought from the Indies. The prophets
fpeak of it as a foreign commodity of
great value. Thefe Aveet reeds have
no fmell when they are green, but when
they are dry only. Their form differs
not from other reeds, and their fmcll is
perceived upon entering the marfhes.

Cabuet,
Take thou alfo unto thee principal fpices of gure
myrrh, of fweet cinnamon, and of fweet calamus.
Exodus, XXX. ij.

Cala'sh. »./ [caUche,'Fi.'\ Afmallcap-
riage of pleafure.

Daniel, a fprightly fwain, that os'd to flafli
The vig'rous fteeds, that drew his lord's calajh.

King.

The ancients ufed calajhes, the figures of feveril
of them being to be feen on ancient monuments.
They are very fimplc, light, and drove by the tra-
veller himfelf. yiriutlnst en Coins,

Ca'lceated. at//, \_calceatus, Lat.] Shod ;

fitted with flioes.
CJLCEDO'NIUS. n.f, [Lat.] A kind of

precious ftone.

Calcedonius is of the agate kind, and of a mifty
grey, clouded with blue, or with purple.

iVccdzuard on Frffls,

To Ca'i.cinate. See 9r« Calcine.

In hardening, by baking without melting, the
heat hath thefe degrees ; firft, it indurateth, then
maketh fragile, and Mly it doth caldnmie.

Bacons Natural HiJ}ory,

Calcina'tion,

C A L

c A n

C A L

Calcina'tion. n.f. [from calcine', cal-
cination, Fr.] Such a management of
bodies by fire, as renders them reducible
to powder ; wherefore it is called chy-
mical puIvcriza*'on. This is the next
degree of the power of fire beyond that
of fufion ; for when fafion is longer con-
tinued, not only the more fubtile par-
ticles of the body itfelf fly off, but the
particles of fire likewife infinuate them-
felves iu fuch multitudes, and are fo
blended through its whole fubftance,
that the fluidity, firft caufed by the fire,
<an no longer lubfift. From this union
arifes a third kind of body, which, being
very porous and brittle, is eafily reduced"
to powder ; for, the fire having pene-
trated every where into the pores oi the
body, the particles are both hindered
from mutual contact, and divided into
minute atoms. ^incy.

Divers refidcnces of bodies are thrown a«.iy, as
foon as the diftillation or calcinatkn ol ihe hody
that yielderh them is ended. Bv/le,

This maybe eSeSed, but not without tcakaa-
thn, or reducing it by art into a fubtle powder.

Brown's /■''a/gar Mmurs.

Calci'n ATOnv. f!./. [from calcinate.} A
veiTel ufed in calcination.

To CALd'NE. -V. a. [calciner, Fr. from
calx, Lat.]

1 . To bum in the fire to a calx, or friable
fnbllance. See Calcination.

The folids feetn to be earth, bound together with
fonoe oil ; for if a bone be calcimd, fo as the lead
force will crumble it, being immerfed in oil, it
will grow firm again. Arbuthtut on Aliminti.

2. To burn up.

Fiery difputcs that union have eah'm'd,
Almoft as many mind; as men we find. Denbam.

To Calci'ne. -v. It. To become a calx by
heat.

This chrydal is a pellucid fiflile Hone, clear
ai water, and without colour, enduring a red beat
without lofing its tranfparency, and, in a very ftrong
heat, calc'mirg without fufion. NtwKm'i Opticki.

To CA'LCULATE. -v. a. [calcuUr. Fr.
from calculus, Lat. a little ftone or bead,
ufed in operations of numbers.]

1. To compute; to reckon : as, he cal-
culatfj his expences.

2. To compute the fituation of the pla-
nets at any certain time.

A conning man did calculate my birth,
And told me, that by water I (hould die.

Siake/feare'i Henry VI.

Why all thefe fires, why all thefe gliding ghofts,
Why old men, fools, and children calculati.
Why all thofc things change from their ordinance ?

Shaktffeare.

Who were there then in the world, to obferve the
births of thofe fird men, and calculate their nati-
vities, 3i they fprawled out of ditches > Bentlty.

J. To adjuft ; to projeft for any certain
end.

The reafonablenefs of religion clearly appears,
at it tends fodire^ly to thehappinefsof men, and
is, upon all accounts, calculated for our benefit.

rUlotfin.

To Ca'i-culate. -v. It. To make a com-
putation.
Cai.cui.a'tion. n./. [from calculate."]
I . A prafkice, or manner of reckoning ; the
art of numbering.
Cypher, that gieat friend to calculalkn i or

rather, which changcth celculathn Into eafy com-
putation. ■ Holder on Time.

2. A reckoning ; therefult of arithmetical
operation.

It' then their calcmlathn be true, for fa they
reciion. Hooker.

Being diflerent from calculatioin of the ancients,
their obfervations confirm not ours.

Brciuns Vulgar Errours.

Calcula'tor. »./ [from calculate.] A
computer ; a reckoner.

Ca'lculatory. aelj. [from calculate.]
Belonging to calculation.

Ca'lcule. It. /. [calculus, Lat.] Reck-
oning ; compute : obfolete.

The general calcule, which was made in the lal
perambulation, exceeded eight millions.

Hoiuers Vocal Foreji.
C a'l c u r.o s E . 7 aJJ. [from calculus, Lat.]
Ca'lculous. J Stony; gritty.

The volatile f<ilt of urine will coagulate fpirits

of whie ; and thus, perhaps, the ftones, or calcu-

* leje concretions in the kidney or bladder, may be

produced. Brmin's Vulgar Er/rc-jn.

I have found, by opening the kidneys of a cal-
cuhui perfon, that the ftone is formed earlier than
I havi: fuggefled. Sharp.

CjTLCVLUS. n.f. [Latin.] The ftone in

the bladder.
Ca'ldron. n.f. [chauUron, Fr. from

calidus, Lat.] A pot ; a boiler; a kettle.

In the midft of all
There placed was a caldron wide and tall.
Upon a mighty furnace, burning hot. Fairy Sveen.

Some drip the Ikiii ; fome portion out the fpoilj
The limbs, yet trembling, in the catdroni boil ;
Some on the fire the reeking entrails broil.

Dryden'i ^ne!d.

In the late eruptions, this great hallow was lik«
a vaft caldron, filled with glowing and melted mat-
ter, which, as it boiled over in any part, ran down
the fides of the mountain. AJdiJcn,

Caleche. The fame with Calash.
Cale fa'ct ION. n./ [from fa/^n'o,Lat.]

1 . The aft of heating any thing.

2. The ftate of being heated.
Calefa'ctive./j/^. [front f«/c/«f/o, Lat.]

That which makes any thing hoc ; heat-
ing.

Calefa'ctory. adj. [from cahfacio,
Lat.] That which heats.

To CA'LEFY. rv. n. {calefio, Lat.] To
grow hot ; to be heated.

Cryftal will caltfy unto eleflricity; that is, a
power to attrafl ftraws, or light bodies, and convert
the needle, freely placed. Brown's Vulgar Errours.

To Ca'lefy. t. a. To make hot.

Ca'lendar. n.f. [calendarium, Lat.] A
regifler of the year, in which the
months, and ftated times, are marked,
as feftivals and holidays.

What hath this day deferv'd ? what hath It done,
That it in golden letter fhould be fet
Among the high tides, in the calendar ?

Siaheffcare's King "John.

We compute from calendars differing from one
another j the compute of the one anticipating that
of the other. Bronvti.

Curs'd be the day when firft I did appear ;
Let it be blotted from the calendar.
Left it pollute the month ! Drydcn's Fables.

To CA'LENDER. -v. a. [calendar, Fr.

Skinner.] To drefs cloth; to lay the

nap of cloth fmooth.
Ca'lender. w. / [from the verb.] A

hot prefs ; a prefs in which clothiers

fmooth their dotii.

C a'l E K D R E R . n.f. [from calender. ] The

perfon who calenders.
Ca'lends. n.f. [calendee, Lat. It has
no fngttlar.] The firll day of evtry
month among the Romans.
Ca'lenture. n.f. [from caleo, Lat.] A
diftemper peculiar to failors in hot cli-
mates ; wherein they imagine the fea
to be green fields, and will throw them-
felves into it. ^iitcy.

And for that lethargy was there no cure.
But to be call into a calerture. Denbam^

So, by a calenture milled.
The mariner with rapture fees.

On the fmooth ocean's azure bed,
Enamell'd fields, and verdant trees :
Wit]\ eager hafte he longs to rove
In that fantaftic fcene, and thinks

It muft be fome enchanted grove ;
And in he leaps, and down he finks. Sitilft,

Calf. n.f. calves in the flural, [cealp,
Saxon ; ialf, Dutch.]

1. The young of a cow.

The cok hach about four years of growth ; ani
fo the fawn, and fo the calf. Bacon's Nat. Hi/lory,
Acofta tells us of a fowl in Peru, called condorc,
which will kill and eat up a whole calf at a time.

fVilkirs.
Ah, Blouzetind ! I love thee more by half
Than docs their lawns, or cows the new-fall'n calf.

Gay,

2. Calves of the lips, mentioned by Hofea,
fignify facrifices of praife and prayers,
which the captives of Babylon addreffed
to God, being no longer in a condition
to offer facrifices in his temple. Calmef,

Turn to the Lord, and {iy unto lilm, Take away
ail iniquity, and receive us giacioufly. fo will we
render the calves of our lips. Hofea, xiv. 2.

3. By way of contempt and reproach, ap-
plied to a human being ; a dolt ; a ftu-
pid wretch.

When a child haps to be got.
That after proves an ideot ;
When folk perceive it tliriveth not.
Some filly doatlng brainlefs calf.
That underftands things by the half.
Says, that the fairy left the oaf,
AnJ took away the other. Dr.ayton's NympHd.

4. The thick, plump, bulbous part of the
leg. \_kalf, Dutch.]

into her legs I'd have love's ilTues fall.
And all her calf'xsno a gouty fmall. Suckling.

Thei<j//"of that leg '»liftcred. IVifeman' s Surgery,
Ca'liber. ?/./. [calibre,?!.] The bore;
the diameter of the barrel of a gun ;
the diameter of a bullet.
C a'l ICE. n.f. [calix, Lat.] A cup; a
chalice.

There is a natural analogy between the ablution
of the body and the purification of the foul ; be-
tween eating the holy bread and drinking the fa-
cred calice, and a participation of the body and
blood of Chrift. Taylor.

Ca'hco. n. f. [from Calccut in India.]
An Indian iluff made of cotton ; fome-
times llained with gay and beautiful co-
lours. /

I wear the hoop petticoat, and am all in calicoes,
when the fineft are in filks. Addvtn's Spi&ator.

Ca'lid. adj. [calidus, La.t.] Hot; burn-
ing ; fervent.
Cai.i'dity. n.f. [from cal/d.] Heat.

Ice will dilTolve in any way of heat 5 for it will
d;(r)ive with fire, it will collr<nute in water, or
warm oil ; nor doth it only fubmit into an aduai
heat, but not endure the potential cal'dity of m^ny
Waters. Brovit't Vulg. r Ei-nuirs.

Kk 2 C a'l IF.

C A L

Ca'lip. Ifi./.liWifn.Aftkh.
Ca'liph. 3 orAicw/Tor.} Aiitk)

tn he1r
; afTumeit
by the {ixceffois of Mahoniet among
the Saracens, who were veiled with ab-
foluie power in afFairs both religious and
civil.
Camca'tioi*. «. / [from caligo, Lat.
to be dark.] Darknefs ; c]oudinei:>.

InAead of a diniinution, or impcrfefi viAoni in
the mole, we atfirra an abolition, or tot^l |>riva-
tion j inltead of caii^atkn, or dimnefs, we con-
clude a cecity, or brmdncfs. Hrvwn.
CALi'ciNOus.tf*^'. [ca/igifro/'us,'Lat.'\ Ob-

fcure ; dim ; full of darknefs.
Cali'gikousn t»s.;/.y; [homcaligiiieus.']

Darknefs ; obfcurity.
CA'LiGRAPHy. a./. [xoAi^fo^iix.] Beau-
tiful writing.
This laqgtt>|e i( incapable of eiligrafhy.

FriJiaux.

Ca'lipers. See Callipers.
Ca'liver.w./. [ from calibtr. ] A hand-
gun ; a harquebufe ; an old mulket.

Come, manage me your caTifcr,

Sbakcffcare'! Httiry IV.

CA'LIX. n. /. [Latin.] A cup : a word

ufed in botany ; as, the calix of a. flower.
To CALK. 'V. a. [from calagi, Fr. hemp,
with which leaks are ilopped ; or from
ca;l*. Sax. the keel. Skinner.'^ To ftop
the leaks of a (hip.

There is a great errour committed in the man-
ner of ea/king hi« majefty's Yhips) which being
done with rotten oakum, is tiie caufe they are
leaky. iUieigb's BJ/iyi.

So here fome pick out bullets from the fide ;
Some drive old oakum through each feam and rift ;

Their left hand docs the calking iron guide.
The rattling mallet wich the right they lift. Dryd.

Ca'lker. ti. f. [ixom calk. "l The work-
man that (lops the leaks of a fhip.

The ancients of Gebal, and the wife men there-
of, were in thee thy calkcn ; all the fliips of the
fea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy
thy merchandize. Ezei. xxvii. 9.

Ca'lkinc. n. f. h term in painting,
ufed where the backfide is covered with
Mack lead, or red chalk, and the lines
traced through on a waxed plate, wall,
or other matter, by paffing lightly over
each ftroke of the defign with a point,
which leaves an impreflion of the colour
on the plate or wall. Chambers,

To CALL. V. a. [calo, Lat. holder, Da-
nifh.]

1. To name ; to denominate. '

And God called the light day, and the dark-
nefs he called night. Gtncfn, i. 5.

2. To furamon, or invite, to or from any
place, thing, or perfon. It is often ufed
with local panicles, as up, tUnun, in, out,

"I-

Be not amazed ; call all your fenfes to you ;

defend my reputation, or bid farewel to your good

ilt for erer. Shaiefpearr.

Why came not the flave back to me when I

tallid him ? Sbaktjfure' s King Lear.

Are you ealfd forth from out a world of men,

To flay the innocent ? Sbakejptare's Richard III.

Lodronius, that famous captain, was called up,

and told by his fervaots that the general was fled.

Knallet'i Hifltry.

Or call mp him that left half told

The ftory of Cambufcan bold. Miltcn.

DtuAkennefs culli iff the watchmen from their

towers ; and then evils proceed from a loolc heart,

and an untied tongue, tajhii Holj Living.

C A L

Th* foul mikci ufe of het oiemsry, fe ttll •»
mird what (ht U to treat of.

JJuppa'i Rule' It Dertrien.

Such /lae employments our whole days divide j
The faiutatioii! uf the morning tide
Call up the fon ; thofe eiiVed, to the hall
We wait the piitron, bear the lawyers bawl. Dryd,

Then by confeal abftain fiom farther toil',
Call iff tlx i\ip, anti gather up the fpoils. jtidij.

By the pleafures of the imagination <*r fancy,
I me«n fuch ac ari.'e imm vifiMe ohjeAs, when
v.'c call up their ideas into our mind" by paintings,
fiatuc', or defcriptions. Aldit.r'i Sf^flal'r.

Why dull thou call my foriov\s yp jfreih ?
My father's name brings tears into my eves.

jUdf-n't CiUt.

I am called eff from public dilTertiitions, by a
domef^ic affair of great imporiancc. Tarier.

i'Efehylushas a tragedy intitled Perfa, in which
tlie &ade of Darius is called up.

Brmmc on lie OdyJJey.

The paflions call a^aay the thoughts, with in-
ceflant importunity, toward the object that excited
them. IVatti.

3. To convoke ; to fummon together.

Now callvit our high court of parliament.

Shakifpcjre.

The king being informed of much that had
pafled that night, fent to the lord mayor to call
a common council immediately. Clarendon,

4. To fummon judicially.

The king had fent for the earl to return home,
where he Oiould be called to account for all his
mifcarriages. Clarend-n,

Once a day, cfpecially in the early years of life
and lludy, call yourfelves to an accuunc, what new
ideas, what new propofition or truth, you have
gained. IVatii.

5. To fummon by command.

In that day did tlie Lord Cod of hoSs call to
weeping, and to mourning, and to baldnefs, and
to girding with fackcloth. Ifaiab, xxii. ii.

6. In the theological fenfe, to infpire with
ardours of piety, or to fummpn into the
church.

Paul, a fervant of Jefus Chrift, called to be an
apoftle, fcparateduntothegofpelofOod. Rom. i. i.

7. To invoke ; to appeal to.

I call God for a record upon my foul, that, to
fpare you, I came not as yet unto Corinth.

2 Cor, i. 23.

8. To appeal to.

When that lord perplexed their counfets and
defigns with inconvenient objeftions in law, the
authority of the lord MancheAer,whahad trod the
fame paths, was ftill called upon. Clarendon.

9. To proclaim ; to publilh.

Nor ballad-finger, pUcM above the crowd,
Sings with a note fo ihrilling, fwtet, and lo'id,
Nor parifh clerk, who calls the pfalm fo clear. Goy.

10. To excite ; to put in adion ; to bring
into view.

He fwclls with angry pride,
And calli forth all hiisfpots on every fide. Ctnolcy,

See Diiinyfius Homer's thoughts vc line.
And call new beauties forth from ev'ry line. Pope,

n . To ftigmatize with fome opprobrious
denomination.

Deafnefs unqualifies men for all company, except
friends ; whom I can call names, if they do not
fpeak loud enough. Stvift to Pope,

12. To call back. To revoke ; to retradl.
He alfo is wife, and will bring evil, and will

not call itick liis words ; but will arifc againll tlic
houfe of the evil doers ; and againft the help of
them that work iniquity. Ifaiab, xxxi. a.

13. To call for. To deiQaad ; to require ;
to claim.

Madam, his majefty doth call fir yon,
Andyor your grace, and you, my noble lord.

I^bakcfpeare.
You fee Uow men of merit arc fought after ;

C AL

th» undeftrver nuy fleep, wh«n the «»fl of lAloa

is called fir. _ Sbalejftan.

Among them he a fpirit of phrcnfy fcnt,
Who hurt their minds.
And urg'd you on, with mad dcft.-e.
To call in hafte/tr their deftrojer.

Milion'i Sam/fon .Igtni/ltt,
For mailer, nr for fenan', here to call,
Was all alike, where only two wore all.

Vryden't Fablei,
He commits every fin that his appetite caliifir,
or perhaps his conititution or fortune can bear.

Rogert.

14. To call in. To rcfumc money at in-
tereft.

Horace defcrlbes an oH ufurer, as fo charmed
with the pleafures of acounti^ life, that, in order to
make a purchafe, he called in all his money ; but
what was the event of it? why, in a very few days
after, he put it out again. jtddifm'i SpeSater.

1^. To call in. To refumc any thing that
is in other hands.

If clipped money be called in all at once, and
flopped from palfing by weight, 1 fear it will ftop
trade. Lcckg.

Neither is any thing more cud and opprelTive

in the French government, than their pra(^Ice of

^ calling in their money, after tliey have funk it

very low, and then coining it anew, at a higher

value. Swif'i.

16. To call in. To fummon together ; to
invite.

The heat is paft, follow no farther now ;
Call in the powers, good coulin Wellmoreland.

Sbakefptartt

He fears my fubjeSs loyalty.
And now muft call in ftrangers. DenhanCs Sophy.

1 7. To call over. To read aloud a lift or
mufter-roll.

18. To call out. To challenge; to fum-
mon to light.

When their fovereign's quarrel calli 'em cut.
His foes to mortal combat they defy.

Drydm't Virgil,

To Call. v. n,

1. To Hop without intention of flaying.
This meaning probably rofe from the
cuilom of denoting one's prefence at the
door by a call ; but it is now ufed with
great latitude. This fenfe is well enough
preferved by the particles on or at ; but
IS forgotten, and the expreffion made
barbarous, by ///.

2. To make a fliort vifit.

And, as you go, call on my brother Quintus,
And pray him, with the tribunes, to coae to me.

Ben JnfMU

He ordered her to call at his houfe once a-week,
which flie did for fome time after, when he heard
no more of her. Temple.

That I might begin as near the fountain-head as
poffible, 1 firft of all called is at St. James's.

jiddifcni Speffator.

We called in at Morge, wh«rc there is an arti-
ficial port. Attilifon OH Italy.

3. To call on. To folicit for a favour, or
a debt.

I would be loth to pay him before his day;
what need 1 be fo forward with him, that calls nor
on me ? Sh^k-fpcare's Henry IV.

4. To call on. To repeat folemnly.

Thrice call upon my namo, thrice beat your
bread,
And hail me thrice to cverlafting reft. Dryjtn,

The Athenians, when they loil any men at fea,
went to the Ihores, and calling thrice on their
names, raifed a cenotaph, or empty monument,
to their memories. Broome un the OdyjTey.

5. To call upon. To implore ; to pray to.

Call upun me in the day of trouble \ 1 wilt deliver
thee, and thou Ihalt glorify me. Pjalm i. 1 5.

Call.

C A L

Call. rt. f. [from the verb.]

1. A vocal addrefs of fummons or invita-
tion.

But death comes not at cajl, jnftice divine
Mends not her tloweft pace for pray'rs or crirs.

Mihtn.

But would yon fing, uni rival Orpheus' ftrain,
The wond'ring fonlts loon ihouid dance again ;
Tlie moving mouiitairs iiear the ptiw'rt'u! lallf
And headlong Itreama hang lift'oing in their tall.

2. Requifition authoritative and public.

It may be feared, whether our nobility would
contentedly |iiffi;r themfelvet to b= always at the
call, and to ftjnd to the lenience, of a number of
mean pcrfons- llz'^ieri Pnface.

3. Divine vocation ; fummons to true re-
ligion.

Yc: he at length, time to himfelf beft known,
Remfmb'ring Abraham, by fome wond'rous m//,
May bring them back rcpcnt.int and fincerc. M'tlton.

4.. A fummons from heaven ; an impulfe.

How juftly then will impious moruls fall,
Wbofe pride would foar to beav'n without a calll

Thofe who to empire by dark paths afpire.
Still plead a eall to what they mod dclire. Dryien.

St. Paul himfelf believed he did well, and that
be had a call to it, when he perfccutcd the chrif-
tiaos, whom he confidently thought in the wrong:
but ycc it was he, and not they, who were mil-
taken. Locke.

5. Authority; command.

Oh, Sir ! I wiih be were within my tall, c:
yours. Denbam.

6. A demand ; a claim.

Dependence is a perpetual call upon humanity,
and a greater incitement to ttndernefs and pity,
than any other motive whatfocver. Mdifan'iSfcll,

7. An inftrumcnt to call birds.

For thpfe birds or beads were made from fnch
pipes or calls, as may exprefs tlie feveral tones of
thofe creatures, which are reprcfentcd.

H^ilkirt't Mathtnailciil Magki.

8. Calling ; vocation ; employment.

Now through the land his cure oi fouls he
ftrctch'd.
And like a primitive apodle preach'd :
Still cheerful, ever cnnftant to his call ;
By many follow'il, lov'd by moft, admir'd by all.

DrjcUn.

p. A nomination.

Upon the fixteenth WM held the ferjeantJ feaft at
Ely place, t>iere being nine ieijeaiUs of that call.

Bacon.

r- ' „-?»•/• A trull.
La llet. J •'

He call'd her whore : a beggar, in his drink.

Could not have laid fuch terms upon Wiscallet,

HbakdJ'^iarc,

Ca'llinc. n. /. [from <-a/^]

1. Vocation; profeflion ; trade.

if God has interwoven fuch a picafurewith our
ordinary callivg, how much fupcriour muil that
be, v/hich arifes from the furvcy of a pious life ?
Surely, as much ai Chriilianity is nobler than a
trade. South..

We find ourfrlves obliged to go on in honed in-
dnOry in our callings. Rc^rn.

I cannot trrbear wiruing you againft endeavour-
ing at wit in your fcrmons; hecaufe many of your
lallirf have made themfelves ridiculous by at.
Kropting it. Swift.

I left no calling for this idle trade.

No duty broke, no father dil'obey'd. F.fc.

2. Proper Ration, or employment.

Tne Gauls found the Roman fenators ready to
Ale. with honour in their f/»//i»T^. Sv,'ifi.

3. Claf« of pcrfons united by the fame
employment or profcflion.

It may be a caution to ail Chridlan churches
and magiftraiet, not to impofe celibacy on whole
lalhngt, aod peat multitudes of jsicn at women,

C A L

who canBot be fuppofable to have the gift of con-
tinence. Hammond.

4. Divine vocation ; invitation or impulfe
to the true religion.

Give all diligence, to make your calling and
eleflion fure. iPcier, i. 10.

St. Peter was ignorant of the calling of the Gen-
tiles, iiake*will on Providence.

Ca'llipers. n./. [Of this word I know
not the etymology ; nor does any thing
more probable occur, than that, per-
haps, the word is corrupted from clip-
pen, inftruments with which any thing

, is clipped, inclofed, or embraced.] Com-
pa/Fes with bowed fhanks.

CcUipers mcafure the didance of any round, cy-
lindricir, conical body; fo that when workmen ufe
them, they open the two points to their dcfcribed
width, and turn fo much ftuff off the intended
place, till the two points of the callifers fit jufl over
their work, Mcxon^s Mechanical Exercifes,

Callo'sitv. n.f. \callofite, Fr.] A kind
of fwelling without pain, like that of the
Ikin by hard labour ; and therefore when
woonds, or the edges of ulcers, grow fo,
they are faid to be callous. ^incy.

The furgeon ought to vary the diet of his pa-
tient, as he finds the fibres loolen too much, are
too flaccid, and produce fungufcs ; or as they har-
den, and produce callojitiis ; in the firft cafe, wine
and Ipiritusns liijuors are ufeful, in the laH hurt-
ful, ylrbulhtts! on Diet.
Ca'llous. adj. [callus, Lat.]

1. Indurated ; hardened ; having the pores
fliut up.

In progrefs of time, the ulcers became finuous
and callous, with induration of the glands. )ViJeman.

2, Hardened; infenfible.

Licentioufnels has fo long pafTed for fharpnefs
of wit, and grcatnefs of mind, that the confcience
is grown callous. VEJirange.

The wretch is drench'd too deep ;
His foul is Dupid, and his heart afleep ;
Fattcn'd in vice, fo callous and fo grofs.
He (\ni, and fees not, fenfelef's of hij. lofs. Drydcn.
Ca'llousness. n.f, [from callous.']

1. Hardnefs ; induration of the itbres.

The oftcner we ufc the organs of touching, the
more of thefc fcales are formed, and the Ikin be-
comes the thicker, and fo a lallcufntfs grows upon
it. Cbeyr.e.

2. Infenfibility.

If they let go their hope of everlafting life with
wiilingncfs, and entertain final perdition with ex-
ultation, ought they not to be cfteemed dcditute
of common feiili?, and abandoned to a callovj'rw/s
and nunibnefs of foul ? Bf.tLy.

Ca'llow. adj. Unfledged; naked; with,
out feathers,

Burfting with kindly rupture, forth difclos'd
Their callow young. Milton.

Then as an eagle, who with pious care
Was beating widely on the wing for prey.

To hfr now filcnt airy does repair,
And finds hcrcj//i?^y infants fjrc'd away. Drydcn.
How in fmall flights they know to try their
young.
And teach the callno child her parent'! fong.

Piior.

CA'LLVS. n.f. [Latin.]

I . An induration of the fibres.

z. The hard fubftance by which broken

boni.'s are united.
CALM. adj. [calme, Fr. kal?n, Dutch.]
(. Quiet; ferene ; not ftormy ; not tcm-

peftuous : applied to the elements.

('.-.las was ths day, and through the tr.-.nbling air
Sweet breathing Zephyrus did loftly play
A gentle fpirit, that li^licly did allay
Hot Titan's beaini, which Uien did glillcr fair.

Spcnfer,

C A L

%o (hall the fea be calm unto us, ymah^

2. Undifturbed; unruffled: applied to the
paflions.

It is noways congruou", that Cod fhouldS*
frightening men into truih, who were maJ:' to be
wrought upcin by calm evidence, mi gentle me-
thods of perfuafion. Atltriury,
The queen her fpeech with calm attention hf ar ,
Her eyes reftrain the lih et-!lreaming tears, Pcpi.
Calm. n.f.

1. Serenity; ftillncfs ; freedom from vio-
lent motion: uled of the elements.

It feemeth moft agreeable to rcafoo thM the
waters rather liood in a »;uiet-i«/ni, than tiwt they
moved with any raging 01 overbearhig violence.

Raleil!*.
Every pilot
Can (leer the (hip in ca'tni ; bathe performs
The Ikilful part, tin manage it in dorms, Dtntn-m.

Nor God alont in the dill calm we find.
He mount! the iluroi, and walks upon the whid.

Poft.

2, Freedom from difturbance ; quiet ; re-
pofe : applied to the paiTions.

Great and drange calms ufually portend the moft
violent^orms 5 and therefore, (met fiorms and calms
do always follow one another, ceitainly, of the
two, it is much rriorc eligible to have the Jiorrii
fird, and the calm afterwards : fince a calm before
ijiorm is commonly a peace of a man'k own mak-
ing; but icalm after AJlorm, a peace of God's.

Stulk.

To Calm. v. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To ilill ; to quiet.

Neptune wc find bufy, in the beginning of the
y£neis, to calm the tempeft raifed by i£olus,

Dryden.

2. To pacify ; to appeafe.

Jcfus, whofc bare word checked the fea, as much
exerts himfelf in filencing the tempeds, and calm-
ing the intcftine dorms, within our breads.

Decay of Piety,

Thofe padions, which fecm fomewhat calmed,
may be entirely laid afleep, and never more awak-
ened. Alterbury*

He wiU'd to day.
The facrcd rites and hecatombs to pay.
And calm Minerva's wrath. PcJ^.

Ca'lmer. n.f. [from f«/»i.] The perfon
or thing which has the power of giving
quiet.

Angling was, after tedious dudy, a reft to hi!

mind, a chcercr of his fpirits, a divcrter of fad-

ncfs, A calmer of unquiet tliou^jhts, a moderator of

pallions, a procurer of conteritednels. I^alton.

Ca'i.mly. ad-v. [from calm.']

1. Without ftorms, or violence ; ferently.

In nature, things move violently to their place,
and calmly in their place; fo virtue in ambiti')n is
violent, in authority fettled and calm, Bacor..

His curled brows
Frown on the gentle dream, which calmly flows.

Dcr.ham.

2. Without paflions ; quietly.

The nymph did like the fccne appear.

Serenely pleafant, calmly fair;

Soft fell her words, as fleiv the air. Prior.

Ca'lmness. n.f. [from calm.]
I. Tranquillity; ferenity ; not ftorminefs.

While the deep horrid roughncis of the wood
Strives with the gentle calmnejs of the flood.

Dcnhatit.

z. Mildnefs ; freedom from paffion.

Sir, 'tis fit
Vou have ftrong party, or defend yourfelf
By calmnejs, or by abfencc : all 's in anger. Shll\,

I beg the grace.
You would lay by thofe terrours of your face ;
Till calmnejs to your eyes you fird leftorc,
I am afraid, and I can be^ no more. Drydfn,

Ca'lmy. adj. [from <■«//«.] Calm; peace-
ful. Not ufed.

And

C AL

And now they nigh approached to the fled.
Where as thofe mermaidcs ivxlt : it was a ftiU
And {jfny Say, on one firic Sheltered

^ With the broaJ ihadowof x\ hoarj- hill. Fairy S^.

Ca'lomel. n. /. [calomelas, a chymical
word.] 'Mercury fix times fublimcd.

He repeated lenient purgatives, with ra/omW, once

in three or four days. tV.jimari'i Syrgtry.

Galoiu'fick. adj. {calorifcus, Lat.]

That which has the quality of producing

heat ; heating.

A ca/cr-fick principle is either excited within the
h-ited biKly, or transferred to it, through any nic-
diam, from fome other. Silver will grow hotter
thjn the liquor it contains. Creiu.

CALO'TTE. n.f. [French.]

1, A cap or coif, worn as an ecdcfiaftical
., ornament in France.

2. [In architefture.] A round cavity or
depreflure, in form of a cap or cup,
lathed and plaiftered, ufed to diminifh
the rife or elevation of a chapel, cabinet,
alcove, t5f. Hnrris.

aJLOTERS. n.f. [xa^®-.] Monks of the
Greek church.
Temprate as alayert in their fecret cells.

MjJiicn on Beulter.

Ca'ltrops. n.f. [cokpseppe, Saxon.]

1. An inftrument made with three fpikes,
fo that which way foever it falls to the
ground, one of theift points upright, to
wound horfes feet.

The ground about was thick fown with i-a//r;/ii,

which verymuch incomnloJeci the fliodcfs Moors.

Dr. ylMi]'-i:'i ^ccmr.nf Tangier s.

2, A plant common in France, Spain, and
Italy, where it grows among corn, and
is very troublefome ; for the fruit being
armed with ilrong prickles, run into the
feet of the cattle. This is certainly the
plant mentioned in \'irgil's Georgick,
under the name of tribulus. Miller.

To Calve, f. n. [from calf.]

1. To bring a calf: fpoken of a cow.

When (he has calvd, then fct the dam afide,
And for the tender progeny provide. Drydcr..

2. It is ufed metaphoricilly for any adl of
bringing forth ; and fometimes of men,
by way of reproach.

I would they were barbarians, as they are,
Though in Rome litter'd ; not Romans, as thJy

are not.
Though calvci in the porch o' th' capltol. Shak.

The gralTy clodj now calv'i; now half iippcar'd
The tawny lion, pawing to get free
His hinder parts. Millon,

Calves-snout. \antirrhinum.'\ A plant.

Snapdragon.
HALVl'LLE. n. f [French.] A fort of

apple.
Ti Calu'mni ATE. -v. n. [calumnior, Lat.]

To accufe falfely ; to charge without

jufl ground.

Beauty, wit, high birth, defert in fervice,
Love, friendftiip, charity, are fubjeS all
To envious and ealumitiatinr time. Sbakejptarc.

He mixes truth with faliehood, and has not for-
gotten the rule of calummaiing ftrongly, that fome-
thing may remain. Dryden's FatUi, Pre/.

Do I calumiia:t f thou ungrateful Vanoc '.—
Perfidious prince!— Is it a calumny
To fay that Gwendolen, betroth'd to Yver,
W» by her father firft aflur'd to Valens ?

A. Ptilift,
?« Calu'mniate. t;. a. To flander.

One trade or art, even thofe that (hould be the

' jnoll liberal, make it their buQnefs to difdain and

calumniate another. Hfratt.

CAM

Calumnta'tion. n.f. [from ealumni at t."]
That which we call calumniation, is a
malicious and falfe reprcfentation of an
enemy's words or iflions, to an ofTcnfive
purpofe. Aylijfe.

Calumni a'tor. n.f. [from calumntate.]
A forger of accufation ; a flanderer.

He that would live clear of the envy and hatred
of .potent ca/umridtors, mull lay his Hngcrupun his
mouth, and keep his hand out of the ink- put.

VEJIrangi-

At the fame timclhttt Virgil was celebrated by

Galius, we know that Ravius and Moevius weic

his declared t\xi and ca!umniatirx. Addijon.

Calvj'.mn- lous.fl/^. [^(cotacalumny.l Slan-
derous ; fallely reproachful.
Virtue itielf 'Icapes not calumnimt lirokes.

Sbaktfpeare.
With calumnKus art
Of counterfeited truth, thus held their cars. MjltuK.

CA'LUMNY. n.f [calumnia, Lat.] Slan-
der ; falfe charge ; groundlefs accufa-
tion : with agninft, or fometimes upon,
before the perfon accufed.

' Be thvu as chaltc as ice, as pure as fnow.
Thou ihait not efcape calumny. Sbahffeare,

It is a very hard calumny ufan our foil or cli-
mate, to affirm, that fo excellent a fruit will not
grow here. Ttmfk.

CALX. n. f [Latin.] Any thing that is
rendered reducible to powder by burn-
ing.

Gold, that is more denfe than lead, refills pe-
remptorily all the dividing power of fire ; and will
not be reduced into a calx, or lime, by fuch opera-
tion as reduces lead into it. Dighy.
Ca'lvcle. n.f. [calyculus,'L9.t.'\ A fmall
bud of a plant. Di3.
Cama'jeu. n.f. \_hom camachuia; which
name is given by the orientals to the
onyx, when, in preparing it, they find
another colour.]
I . A ftone with various figures and repre-
fentations of landfkips, formed by na-
ture.
:. [In painting.] A terra ufed where there
is only one colour, and wliere the lights
and iliadows are of gold, wrought on a
golden or azure ground. This kind of
work is chiefly ufed to reprefent baflb
relievos. Chambers.
Ca'mber. n.f. [See Cambering.] A
term among workmen.

Camber, .1 piece of timber cut arching, fo as, a
weiglit confiderablc being fet upon it, it may in
length of time be induced to a ftraight.

Mctxc/rCt Mecbanical Exercifcu

Ca'mberinc. n.f A word mentiont-'d by
Skinner, as peculiar to (hipbuilders, who
fay that a plase is cambering, wlien they
mean arched, [from chambri, French.]

Ca'm b u ic k. n.f. [from Cambray, a city
in Flanders where it was principally
made.] A kind of fine linen, ufed for
ruffles, women's fleeves, and caps.

He hath ribbons of all the colours of the rain-
bow } inkles, caddifes, cambricks, and lawns.

Shakifpfari.

Rebecca had, by th:! ufe of a looking glais, and
by the further uli: of certain attire, made of cav:-
br'tck, upon her head, attained to an evil art. TaiUr.

Confed'rate in the cheat, they draw the throng.
And cambrick handkerchiefs reward the fong. Gay,

Came. The preterite of To come.

Till all the pack camt up, and cv'ry hound
Toic tUc fad huntfman, grov'liog on the ground.

AJd'Jan.

CAM

Ca'm EL. n.f. [mwc/w, Lat] An animal
very common in Arabia, Judea, and the
neighbouring countries. One fort it
large, and lull of fiedi, and fit to carry
burdens of a thoufand pounds weight,
having one bunch upon its back. An-
other have two bunches upon their
backs, like a natural faddle, and are
fit either for burdens, or men to tide
on. A third kind is leaner, and of a
fmaller fize, called dromedaries, be-
caufe of their fwiftnefs : which are ge-
nerally ufed for riding by men of qiu-
lity.

Camels have large folid feet, but not hard. Catneh
will continue tenor twelve days without eating or
drinking, and keep water a long time in their
ftomacb, for their rcfrclhrnent. CaJmct,

Patient of third and toil.
Son of the defart I even the camei feels,
Shot through his witiier'd heart, tlie fiery blaft.

tbcmfin.

Came'lopard. ». / [from camelas and
pardus, Lat.] An Abyflinian animal,
taller than an elephant, but not fo tluck.
He is fo named, becaufe he has a neck
and head like a camel ; he is fpotted
like a pard, but his fpots are white upon
a red ground. The Italians call him
giaraffa, Tre-voux,

Ca'mELOT.'} r rr ;i

f^ , > n.f, [from f ««!«.]

Ca mlet. S

1. A kind of ftufF originally made by a
mixture of filk and camels hair ; it is
now made with wool and filk.

This habit was not of camels ikin, nor any
coarfe texture of its hair, but rather fome fintr
weave of cameht, grograin, or the like ; inafmucli
as thefe ftufts are fuppofed to be made of the hair
of that animal. Brevin's f^utgarErrimn.

2. Hair cloth.

Meantime the pallor /hears their hoary beards.
And eafes of their hair the loaden herds:
Their MiBf/orj warm in tents the foldier hold.
And Ihield the (hiv'ring mariner from cold. Dryd.

CA'MERA OBSCURA. [Latin.] An op-
tical machine ufed in a darkened cham-
ber, fo that the light coming only thro'
a double convex glafs, objefts expofcd
to d.-iylight, and oppofite to the glafs,
are reprelentcd inverted upon any white
matter placed in the focus of the glafs.

Martin,

Ca'merade. n.f, [from camera, a cham-
ber, Lat.] One that lodges in the fame
chamber ; a bofom companion. 3y cor-
ruption we now ufe comrade.

Camerades with him, and confederates in his
dcf;gn. Rymtr.

Ca'merated. eidy, [cameratus, Lat.]
Arched ; roofed flopewife.

Camera'tion. n.f. [cameratio, Lat.] A
vaulting or arching.

Camisa'do. n.f. [camifa, a (hirt, Ital.
camifhtm, low Lat.] An attack made
by ioldiers in the dark ; on which oc-
cafion they put their ihirts outt\'ard, to
be feen by each other.

They had appointed the fame night, whofe
darknefs would have encreafcd the fear, to have
given a camijadc upon the Eiiglilh. HayzvarJ.

Ca'misated. adj. [from cami/'a, a Ihirt.]
Dre&d with the fhirt outward. .

Ca'.vslet.

-CAM

Ca'mlet. See CAMEtor.

He had on him a gown with wide (liCTJJ, of a
kind of water camlef, of an excetknt azure colour.

Baiort.

C a' u MOck. tr./. [caiTitnoc, Saxon; ono-
nis.] An herb ; C»e fame with feit^'
ivhiit, or reftharro'w.

Ca'm'omile. n. f. [anth/K.-s.] A flo\ver.

Camo'ys. a//j. [camns, Fr.] Flat; level;
deprefled. It is only nfed of the nofe.

Many Spaniards, of rile race of Barbaiy Moors,
though after frequent comniixtmc, have not worn
out ific camojfi nofe ur.to this day.

' BrozvtCi Vulgar Errourt*

CAMP. »./. \_camp, Fr. camp. Sax. from
campus, Lat.] The order of tents',
placed by armies when they keep the
field. We ufe the phiafe to fitch a camp,
to encamp.

From cairf to cBrr.p, through the foul womb of
night.
The hum <:>( either army ftilly founds. Shairj'f.

Next, to fccure our camp and naval pow'rs,
Raife an embattled wall with loft)' tow'rs, Poft.

7fl Camp. 'v. a. [from the noun ]

1 . To encamp ; to lodge in tents, for
hoftile pnrpofes.

Had our great palace the capacity
To camf thi> boft, we would all fup together.

&balic^ftare,

2. To camp ; to pitch a camp ; to fix tents.
Camp-figiit. n. f. An old word for

combat.

For tlicir trial by (amp-fght, the accufet »!as,
with the peril of his own body, to prove the se-
cured guilty ; and, by offering him his glove or
gantlet, to challenge him to this trial. Haknvill.

Campaign. \n,f, [campaigne, Fr. cam-
CAMPA'NU.] /a»/a, Ital.]

1. A large, open, level traft of ground,
without hills.

Id countries thinly inhabited, and efpecially in
Tail campcniai, there are few cities, befidea what
grow by the refidencc of Icings. TfrlkU,

Tbofe grateful groves, that Ihade the plain.
Where Tiber rolls majertic to the main.
And fattens, as he runs, the fair ctimpaign. Garth.

2. The time for which any army Iceeps the
field, without entering into quarters.

This might have hallencd hrs march, which
, woold have made a fair concIuCon of the cam-
paign, . Clarendon.
An Iliad tifing out of one campaign. MJifon.
C A M p a'n- I FO R M . aJj. [ofcampana, a beli,
Siad/oima, Lat.] A term ufed of flowers,
which are in the fhape of a bell. Harris.
Campa'nulate. at/J. The fame with

campaniform.
Campe'stral. adj. \campejlris, Lat.]
Growing in fields.

The mounuin beech is the whiteft; but the
campijlral, or wild beech, is blacker and more du-
rable. Morlimir,

Ca'mphire tree. n.f. [caiapiora, Lat.]

There are two forts of this tree ; one is a native
of the ifle of Borneo, from which the beft cam-
fhirt is talcen, which it fuppofed to be a natural
exfudation from the tree, produced io fiich places
where the bark of the tree has been wounded or
cut. The other fort is a native of Japan, which
Dr. Kcmpfer defcribes to be a kind of bay, bear-
ing black or purple berries, and from whence t!i':
inlialiitanti prepare their camphiri, by making a
finple d<:caOion of the root and wood of this tree,
cut into fmall pieces j but tliii fort of camptire is,
in value, eighry or an hundred times lefs than the
true Bornean ramphlrt. Milton.

It is oftencr ufed for the gom of this tree.

CAN

Ca'mphorate. adj. [from camphcra,
Lat.] Impregnated with camphire.

By ihal^ing the faline and carr.ph-.rate liquors
together, we eafity confounded them into one
high-coloured liquor. Brr^le.

Ca wpion. n.f. \lychnis, Lat.] A plant.

Ca'm t's. n.f. [probably fi-om camifa, Lat.]
A thin drefs mentioned by Spenfer.
And wis ydad, f -r heat of fcorching air.
All in fiiken camuiy lilly white,
Purflcd upon.with many a folded plight. Fairy ^.

Can*, n.f [canne. Sax.] A cup ; gene-
rally a cup made of metal, or fome other
matter than eanh.

I hate it as ;)n U"ifi..'d ran. Shaiejpeare.

One tree, the coca, kffordeth fluff for houfing,
clothing, fhipping, meat, drink, and can. Crtio.

His empty can, with ears half v/orn away.
Was hung on high, to boaft the triumph of the
day. Dryden.

To Can. i/. n. [kontien, Dutch. It is fome-
tlmes, though rarely, ufed alone ; but
is in conftant ufe as an expreffion of
the potential mood : as, I can do, thou
caitft do, I ceulddo, thoq ceuUefi 4o. It
has no other terminations.]

1 . To be able ; to have power.

In place there is licence to do good and evil,
whereof the latter is a curfe : for, in evil, the bell
condition is not to will ; the fecond, not to can.

Baccn.

O, there 's tlie wonder !

Mecaenas and Agrippa, who can raoft

With Cafar, are h!s foes. Dryden.

He can away with no company, whofe difcourfe

goes beyond what claret ind diffolutenefs infpires.

■ Locke.

z. It exprefles the potential mood; as, I
can do it.

It Ihe can make me bled ! ihe only can:
Empire and wealth, and all fhe brings belide.
Arc but the train and trappings of her love. Dryd,

3, It is dillinguidied from may, as poiver
jrom permi£toH ; I can do it, it is in my
power ; I may do it, it is allowed me :
but in poetry they are confounded.

4. Ca?t is ufed of tlie perfon w ith the rverb
aliive, where may is ufed of the thing,
with the -verb pajpve ; as, I can do it,
it may or can be done.

CANA'ILLE. n.f [French.] The lowf ft
people ; the dregs ; the lees ; the off-
I'couring of the people : a French term
of reproach.

Cana'l. //./. [canalis, Lat.]

1. A bafon of water in a garden.

The walks and lon^ ranah reply. Pcpe.

2. Any traft or courfe of water made by
art, as the canals in Holland.

3. [In anatomy.] A conduit or paffage
through which any of the juices of the
body flow.

Ca'nal-coal. «./ A kind of coal, dug
up in England.

Even our canal-coal nearly equals the foreign
jet. JVoodtvard.

CANALr'cut ATED. ac/j. [from canalicu-
latus, Lat.] Channelled ; made like a
pipe or gutter. D;V?.

Cana'ry. n.f. [from the Ca«ar)( iflands.]

1 . Wine brought from the Canaries, now
called fack. '

1 win t/> my honell knight Falllaff, and drink
canary with him. 1 think I lliall drink in pipe

wine kx& with him ; I'll make him dance. Shak.

2. An old dance.

CAN

To Caka'ry. •». a. A cant word, which
feems to fignify to dance ; to frolick.

Mafter, will you win your love with a French
brawl ?— How mean'lt thou, brawling in French i
—No, my compleat mafter ; but to jigg off a tune
at the tongue's end, canary to it with your feet,
humour it with turning up your eyelids. Shahjp.

Caka'ry bird. An excellent finging
bird, formerly bred in the Canaries,
and no where elfe ; but now bred in fe^
veral parts of Europe, particularly Ger-
many.

Of finging birds, they have linaets, goldfinches,
ruddocks, camiry h\rd%y blackbirds, thrufhes, and
di\ers other. Carezu.

To CA'NCEL. -J. a. [canceller, Fr. from
cancellis notare, to mark with crofs lines.]

1. To crofs a writing.

2. To efface ; to obliterate in general.

Now welcome night, thou night fo long expelled,
That long day's labour doth at laft defray.
And lA\ my cares which cruel love coiledled
Has fumm'd in one, and cancelled for aye. Spenfer,

Know then, I here forget all former griefs.
Cancel all grudge ; repeal thee home again. Shak.
Thou, whom avenging pow'rs obey.
Cancel my debt, too great to pay.
Before the fad accounting day. RofcimiKon,

1 pafs the bills, my lords.
For cancelling your debts. Southerne

Ca'ncbll AT BD. particip. adj. [from f^a-
cfL] Crofsbarred ; marked with liues
croiling each other.

The tail of the caftor is almoft bald, though
the beaft is very hairy ; and cancellated^ with
fome refemblance to the fcales of fiihes. Grswi
Cancella'tion. n.f. [ivomcancel.] Ac-
cording to Bartolus, is an expunging
or wiping out of the contents of an in-
ftrument, by two lines drawn in the
manner of a crofs. Ayliffe.

CA'NCER. n.f [cancer, Lat.]

1. A crabfifli.

2. The fign of the fummer folftice.

When now no more th' alternate Twins are fir'd.
And Cancer reddens with the folar blaze,
Short is thedoubtfulempireof the night. Thomfon.

3. A virulent fwelling, or fore, not to be
cured

Any of thefe three may degenerate into a fchir-
rus, and that fqhirrus into a cancer. H^ijcman,

As when a cancer on the body feeds,
And gradual death from limb to limb proceeds;
So does the chilnefs to each vital part
Spread by degrees, and creeps into the heart. AJdift
ToCa'ncerate. v.n. [fvcm cancer.] To
grow cancerous ; to become a cancer.

But ftriking his fift upon the point of a nail in
the wall, his hand canceratcdy he fell into a fever,
and fuon after died on't. VEJlrange.

Cancera'tion. n.f. [from cancerate,\

A growing cancerous.
Ca'ncerous. adj. [from cancer.] Having

the virulence and qualities of a cancer.

How they are to be treated when they are
ftrumous, fcliirrous, or cancermt, you may fee in

their proper place?. Wijeman.

Ca'ncerousness. n.f. [from cancerous.]

The ftate of being cancerous.
Ca'ncrine. «/^'. [from cancer.] Having

the qualities of a crab.
Ca'ndent. adj. [candens, Lat.] Hot; in

the higheft degree of heat, next to

fufion.

If a wire b« heated only at one end, according

as that end is cooled upward or downward, it re-

fpcfiively acquires a verticity, as we have declareij

in wires totally cendcnl, ' Sr<i^n~

CA'MDtCAWt,

CAN

6a'.vdic«st. udj. [ cattJictttii, Lat. T
Growing white ; whitifh, Di^.

CA'NDID. adj. [canJidus, Lat.]

1 . White. This fenfe is very rare.

'] he box receives all bUck ; buc, pour'd from
thmce,
The ftones came candid forth, the hue of inoo-
cence. Drydcn.

2. Free from malice ; not defirous to find
faults ; fair ; open ; ingenuous.

The import of the difcourfc will, for the moft
part, if thcie be no dcfigoed fallacy, fufficiently
lead candid and intelligent readers into the true
ineming of it. Loth.

A caadiJ ]vii%t. will read each piece of wit
With the fame fptrit that its author writ. Poft.
Ca*nd!Date. 7t.f. [candidaiusy'LvA.']
t, A competitor ; one that folicits, or pro-
pofes himfelf for, fomething of advance-
ment.

So many candidates there (land for wit,
A place at court is fcarce fo bard to get.

u^ttotymcus.

One would be furprifed to fee fo many candidetes
Tor glory. ^dJ':fin.

2. h has generally /<w before the thing
fought.

What could thus high thy ralh ambition ralfe '
Art thou, fond youth, a candidate f<tr praife? Pope.

3. Sometimes cf.

Thy firft-fruits of p«fy were giv'n
To make thyfelf a welcome inmate there,
While yet a young probationer,
Ani candidate of Uciv'n. Dryden.

Ca'n Di DLY. adv. [from candid.'] Fairly ;
without trick ; without malice ; inge-
nuoufly.

We bavc often defircd they would deal candidly
with us ; for if the matter ftuck only there, wc
•would propofe that every man fliould fwear, that
he is a member of the clnirch of Ireland, Sioift,

Ca'ndidness, ft./, [from candid."] Inge-
nuity ; opennefs of temper ; purity of
mind.

It prefently fees the guilt of a finful aftion ;
and, on the other fide, obferves the candidnefs of a
man's very principles, and the fmcerity of his in-
tentions. South.
STff Ca'n DI FY. 'V. a. \candifica, Lat.] To
make white ; to whiten. Di£l.
GA'NDLE. n.f. \_candeJa, Lat.]

1 . A light made of wax or tallow, fur-
rounding a wick of flax or .cotton.

. Here bums my cmdh out, ay, here it dies.

Which, while it laHed, gave king Henry light.

Sbakejpeare.
We fee that wax candhs hfl longer than tallow
candia, bccaufe wax is more firm and hard.

Bae-on's Naturjl flijiory.

Take a child, and fctting a candk before him,

you ihall find his pupil to contraft very much, to

exclude the light, with the brightnefs whereof it

would otberwifc be dazzled. Ray.

2. Light, or luminary.

By thefe blefi'd canditi of the niglit.
Had you been there, I think you would have begg'd
The ring of me, to give the worthy Joftor. Shak.
Ca'mdlebekrt tree. See Sweet-
willow ; of which it is a fpecies.
-Cakdleho'lder.. a./. \liQiD. candle &xtA
hold.]

1. He that holds the candle.

2. He tiiut remotely allilb.

i*: wantons, light of heart,
Tickle the fenlelcfs ruflies v.ith their heels ;
For I am proverb'd with a grandfirc phrafe,
Tn be a candieicfdet, and look on. Shaiiff/arr

Ca'n dle LIGHT, n.f. [from camile and

CAN

1. The light of a candle.

In dirkiiefs candlelight may ferve to guide men's
fteps, which to ufe in the day, were madnefs.

Hooker.
Before the day was done, her work (he fped.
And neve; went by rmdieligbt to bed. Dryd. Fab.
The boding owl
Steals from her private cell by night.
And flies about the candlelight. Siu'ifi.

Such as are adapted to mcaU, will indift'crcntly
ferve for dinners or fuppers, only dillinguiOiing
between daylight and candlelight. Stuift.

2. The necefiary candles for ufe.

I fliall find him coals and candlelight,

Molinevx to Lode.

Ca'ndlem AS. n.f. [from canJkzxid.mafs.]

The feaft of the Purification of the Bleffed

Virgin, which was formerly celebrated

with many lights in churches.

The harvcft dinners are held by every wealthy
man, or, as wc term it, by every good liver, be-
tween Michaelmas and Candlemat,

Carrw^s Survey of Cornwall.

There is a general tradition in moft parts of Eu-
rope, rhat inferrefh the coldnefs of the fucceeding
winter, upon Ihining of tlie Am upon Candlemas
day. Bronen^s Vulgar £rrours.

Come CandUmas nine years ago ihe died,
And now lies bury'd by the yew-tree fide. Gay.

Ca'ndlestick. n.f. [from candle and
ftick.] The inftrument that holds can-
dles.

The horJemen fit like fixed eandlifiicks.
With torch-ftaves in their hands ; and their poor

jades
Lob down their heads. Shakefpeare.

Thefe countries were once chriftian, and mem-
bers of the church, and where the golden candle.
/licks did ftand. Bacon.

I know a friend, who has converted the effays
of a man of quality into a kind of fringe for his
candlfjlicks. Addijon.

Ca'ndlestuff. n.f. [from candle and
fluff'] Any thing of which candles may
be made ; kitchen ftuff; greafe ; tallow.

By the help of oil, and wax, and (A.\\zr 'eaftdle-
fluff, the flame may continue, wd the wick not
burn. Bacon.

Candlewa'ster. n.f. {from candle and
<u;a/?f.] One that confumes candles ; a
fpendthrift.
Patch grief with proverbs, make misfortunes

drunk
With Cdndle^vaftirt, Shake/poire.

Ca'n DOCK. k./. A weed that grows in
rivers.

Let the pond lie dry fix or twelve montlK, both
to kill the water-weeds, as water-lilies, capdocks,
Tcatc, and bulrulhes ; and alfo, that as thefe die
for want of water, fo grafs may grow on thepond's
bottom. ff'alfon.

Ca'ndour. n.f. [cander, Lat.] Swcet-
nefs of temper ; purity of mind ; open-
nefs ; ingenuity ; kindnefs. '.

He IhouW have lb much of a natural candour and
fwcetncfs, mixed with all the improvement of learn-
ing, as might convey knowledge with a fort ot
gentle infmuacion> H'atts.

To Ca'ndy. f. a. [probably from can-
dare, a word ufcd in latet times for n
ivhitfn.]

I. To conferve with fugar, in fuch a
manner aj that the fugar lies in flakes,
or breaks into f^angles.

rihould the poi.r befl^tter'd?
No, let the candy'd tongue lick abfui'd pomp,
And crook the pregnant hinges of the'Itnee,
Where thrift may follow fawning, Shakefpenre.
They have in Turky coi\xaSMttiSiiat\acaidMit
conferees, made of fugar and lemons, or fugai and

CAN

citrons, or fugar and violets, and fome other flow-
ers, and mixture of amber. Baccn,

With candy'd plantancs and the juicy pine.
On choiccft melons and fweet grapes they diae. .

ffW/rr.

2. To form into congelations.

Will the cold brook,
CanSied with ice, cawdle thy moroiog toaft.
To cure thy o'er-night's furfeit f Sbakefpearu

3. To incruft with congelations.

Since when thofe froAs chat winter brings,

Which candy every green.
Renew us like the teeming fprings.

And we thus frefli arc fccn. Diayion,

7*0 Ca'ndy. 1;. ». To grow congealed^
Ca'h oir Litin's/bot, [cataaurice. Lit.] A
plant. Miller.

CANE. n./. [canna, Lat.]

1. A kind of ftrong reed, of which walk-
ing flaffs are made ; a walking ftaff.

Shall I to pleafc anotlicr wine fprung mind
Lofe all iTiine own i Cod hath given me anieafurs
Short of his cane and body : mud I find
A piu'n in that wherein he finds a pleafure ? Uerbertf

The king thrult the captain from him with his
cane; whereupon he took his leave, and went
home. Harvey*

If the poker be out of the way, or broken, ftir
the fiie with your mafter's care. Swift*

2. The plant witich yields the fugar.

This cane or reed grows plentifully both in the
JCaft and Weft laiica. Other rveds have their
ik;n hard and dry, and their pulp void of juice £
but the flcin Of the fugar ccne is foft. It ufualty
grows four or five feet high, and about h:tlf an
inch in diameter. The Rem or flalk is divided
by knots a toot and a half apart. At the tup it
puts forth long green tufted leaves, from the mid-
dle of which arifc the flower and the feed. They
ufually plant them in pieces cut a foot and a half
below the top of the flower ; and they are ordi.
narily ripe m ten months, at which time they are
found qorte full of a white fucculcnc marrow,
whence is exprefled the liquor of which fugar ia
made. Cham'^ers,

And the fweet liqoor on the cant beftow,
Piotn which prcpar'd the lufcious fugars flow.

Blaekmore,

3. A lance ; a dart made of cane : whence
the Spanifli inego de caimas.

Akcnamar, thy youth thefe fports has known.
Of which thy age is now fpeftator grown j
Judge-like thou fitt'ft, to praife or to arraign
The flying ilcirmiih of the parted cane, Drydcn,

4. A reed.

Food may be afibrded to bees, by fmall cants or
troughs conveyed into their hives.

fidbr timer s Hufbandry,

To Cane. <v. a, [from the noun.] To
beat with a walking Xlaft".

Cani'cular. /2^^'. \_canicul(*ris,h&t.] Be-
longing to the dog-ftar ; as, canicular,
or dog-days. .

In regard to ^i^ereut latitudes, unto fome the
canicular days are in the winter, »i unto fuch as
are.ui^cr the equincillal lip.c ; lor unto them the
dog-ilar arilcth, wb«n the tun is about the tropick
of Cancer, which fcafon unto them is winter.

Brown's I'algar Errturs.

CAni'NE. adj. [caninus, hAl.]

1. Having the properties of a dog.

A kind ot" women are made up of canine par-
ticks t thefe are fcolds, who imitate the animals
out of which tlicy were taken, always bufy and
barking, and fnati at every one titat comes in their
way. Addifcn,

2, Canine hunger, in medicine, is an ap-
petite which cannot be fatisiied.

It may occafion an exorbitant appetite of ufual
things, which they will take in luch quantities,
till thoy-vemit-ftem up like dtjE; from whence it
is called canine, Arkathnot.

Ca'nister

iC A N

Ca'nistkr. «. /. [canjfirum, hit.}

1. A fmall bafket.

White lilies in full canijleri they tring,
With all the glories of the purple I'pring, Drydrn.

2. A fmall veflel in which any thing, fuch
as tea or coffee, is laid up.

CA'NKER. n.f. icancer, Lat. It feems
to have the fame meaning and original
with cancer, but to be accidentally writ-
ten with a k, when it denotes bad qua-
lities in a lefj degree ; or canker might
come from chancre, Fr. and cancer from
the Latin.

1. A worm that preys upon and deftroys
fruits.

And loathful idlencfs he doth dctefl:,
The cankir worm of every gentle breail. Sfttifcr.

That which the locuft hath left, bath the canktr
worm eaten. J^^y >• 4*

Yet writers fay, as in the fweeteft bud
The eating canier dwells ; fo eating love
Inhabits in the fincftwlts of all. Shak''fpeare,

A hufiing, (hining, ftatt'ring, cringing ct^w*"!,
A canker worm of peace, was raised above him.

Olway.

2. A fly that preys upon fruits.

There be of flies, caterpillars, canker flies, and
bear flies. tValion't Angler.

3. Any thing that corrupts or confumes.

It is the canker and ruin of many men"$ ertates,
wbich, in procefs of time, breeds a publicic poverty.

Bacon.

Sacrilege may prove an eating canker, and a con-
fuming moth, in the eftate that we leave them.

jilierliiitj.

No longer live the cankers of my court j
All to your feveral ftates with fpced refort j
Walle in wild riot what your land allows.
There ply the early feaft, and late caroufe. Pipe.

4. A kind of wild worthlefs rofe ; the
dogrofe.

To put down Richard, that fwect lovely rtjfc.
And plant this thorn, this canker, Boliogbroke.

Sbaiefpeare.

Draw a cherry with the leaf, the fliatt of a
ftccple, a fingle or canker rofe. Feacbam.

5. An eating or corroding humour.

1 am not ghd, that fuch a fore of time
Should fcelc a plaiAer by a contenm^d revolt.
And heal th' inveterate canker of one wound
By making many, Shakiffearc.

6. Corrofion ; virulence.

As with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind with cankers, Sbakeffteare.

7. A difeafe in trees. Dt<3,
y^CA'NKER. 'u. ». [from the noun.]

I. To grow corrupt : implying fomething
renoroous and malignant.

That cunning architedl of cankered guile,
Whixn princes late difpleafure lelt in bands,
For falfed letters, and fuborned wile. Fairj Siuten.

I will lift the down-trod Mortimer
As high i' th' air as tills unthankful king.
As this ingrate and miiiicrVBoiingbroke, Shakeff.

Or what the crois dire looking planet fmite.
Or hurtful worm with canker'd venom bite. Milt.

To fonie new clime, or to thy native fliy,
Oh fricndiefa and forfakcn virtue ! fly :
The Indian air is deadly to thee grown i
Deceit and canhr'il malice ru!e thy throrc. Cry J.

Let envious jealoufy and eanker'tl fpite
Produce my actions to feverrft light,
And utx my open day or frcret night. Pricr.

~*. To decay by fome corroiive or deA;uc-
tive principle.

Silvering wil fully and eanfer more than gild-
ing j which, if it might be correiled with a little
miiture of gold, will be profitable. Bann,

Ta Ca'nkbr. -v. a.
i. To corrupt ; to corrode.
Voi,.l.

CAN

Reftore to God his due in tithe and tln.e :
A tithe purloin'd cankers the whole efiatc. Hcrhcrt.

t. To infeft ; to pollute.

An houeft man will enjoy himfelf better in a
moderate fortune, that is gained with honour and
reputation, than in an nvergiowH eftate, that is
cankered with the ac<]uiritions of rapine and cx-
adVion. Addijon.

Ca'ukekbit. farticip. etc//, [from canter
and bit.l .Bitten with an envenoned
tooth.

Know, tliy name is loft.
By treafon's tooth baregnawn and cjnhrbit. Shai.

Ca'nnabine, adj. ^cannaiinits, Lat.]
Hempen. Did.

Ca'n n' I b a l . ». y. An anthropophagite ;
a man-eater.

The cannibaU themfelves eat no man's flefli of

thofc that die of themfelves, but of fuch as arc

(lain. Bacon.

They were little better than cannibals, who d'

hunt one another ; and he that hatU moft ftrcngch

and fwiftnefs, doth eat and devour all his fUows.

Davits en Ireland.

It was my hint to fppak.

Of the cannibals that each other cat ;

The anthropophagi. Shakfepeare.

The captive cannibal, oppreft with chains.
Yet braves his foes, reviles, provokes, difdains j
Of nature fierce, untameable, and proud.
He bids defiance to the gaping crowd ;
And fpent at laft, and fpeechlefs, as he lies.
With fiery glances mocks their rage, and dies.

Crar.ville.
If an eleventh commandment had been given,
Thou flialt not eat human fleih j would not thefc
cannibals have eftcemed ic more difficult than all
the reft ? Bemley.

Ca'nnibally. art'i'. [from canitibal.'] In
the manner of a cannibal.

Before Corioli, he fcotcht him and notcht him
like a carbonado. — Had he been cannibal!)' given,
he might have broiled and eaten him too. Skaktfp.
Ca'nnipers. n.f. [corrupted from calli-
pers ; which fee.]

The fquarc i^ taken by a pair of cannipers, or

two rulers, clapped to the fide of a tree, mealuring

the diftance between them. Mortimer's Hufbandry.

CA'NNON. «./. [^cannon, Fr. from canna,

Lat. a pipe, meaning a large tube.]

1. A great gun for battery.

2. A gun larger than can be managed by
the hand. They are of fo many fizes,
that they decreafe in the bore from a
ball of forty. eight pounds to a ball of
five ounces.

As cannons overcharged with double cracks,
So they redoubled llrokcs upon the foe. Shakrfp.

He had left all the cannon he had taken ; and
now he fent all iiis great cannm to a garrifon.

Clarendon.

The making, or price, of thefe gunpowder in-
ftruments, is extremely cxpenfive, as may beeafiiy
judged by the weight of their m.iterials ; a whole
cannon weighing commonly eight thoufand pounds j
a half cannon, five thoufand ; a culverin, four
thoufand five hundred \ a dcmi-culverin, three
thoufand ; which, whether it be in iron or brafs,
muft needs be very coftly. H^tlkir.i.

Cannon-ball.

Cannon-bullet

Cannon-shot.

which are (hot from great guns

He reckons thofc for wounds that arc made by
bullets, although it be a cannon-Jh'it.

IViJeman^s Surgery.

Let a cannm-bullet pafs through a room, it muft

ftrike fucceflTively the two fides of the room. Lockt.

7» Cannon a'de. f. a. [from cannon.}

To play the great guns ; to batter or

attack with great guns.

itiy. kt^ilkir.i.

1 n.f. [from cannon,
. > ball, bullet, and

3 jhot.} The balls

CAN

Both armies cannimadei all the cnfuing day.

Tatler.

To Cannona'de. 'u. a. To fire upon

with cannon.
Cannoni'er. ».y; [from ffl«»on.] The

engineer that manages the cannon.

J Give me the cups ;
And let the kettle to the trumpets fpeak.
The trumpets to the cannonier without.
The cannons to the hcav'ns, the heav'ns to earth.

Shakespeare.

A third was a moll excellent cannonier, whoie

good (kill did much endamage the forces of tht

king. Hayvoard,

Ca'n NOT. A word compounded of can
and »or ; noting inability.

1 cannot but believe many a child can tell twen-
ty, long before he has any idea of infinity at all.

Locke.

CA^■o'A.') n.f. A boat made by tutting
Canoe', j the trunk of a tree into a
hollow veflel.

Others made rafts.of wood ; others devifed the
bout of one tree, called the canoa, which the Gauls,
upon the Rhone, ufed in aflifting the tranfpdrta-
tion of Hannibal's army. Kaleigbm

\n a war againft Semiramis, they had four
thoufand monoxyla, or canoes of one piece of
timber. Arbuthnot on Coins,

CA'NON. n.f. [x<i»^,.]

1 . A rule ; a law.

The truth is, they are rules and canons of Khif.
law, which is written in all men's hearts; thft
church had for ever, no iefs than now, ftood bound
to obferve them, whether the apoflle had men-
tioned them, or no«- Hooker,

His books are almoft the very mbou to judge
both dodtrine and difcipline by. Hooker,

Religious canons, civil laws, are cruel ;
Then what (hould war be ? Shakejpeare,

Canons in logick are fuch as thefe: every part
of a divlfion, fingly taken, muft contain Iefs than
the whole J and a definition mull b- peculiar and
proper to tlie. thing defined. IVatts,

2. The laws made by eccleliaftical coun-
cils.

Conon law is that law, Vhich is made and or-
dained in a general council, or provincial fynod,
of the church. Ayliffe,

Thefe were looked on as Ispfed perfons, and
great feverities of penance wereprefcribed them by
the canons of Ancyra. iiiilHngftect,

3. The books of Holy Scripture ; or the
great rule.

Canon alfo denotes thofe books of Scripture^
which are received as infpired and canonical, to
diftinguilh them from either profane, apocryphal,
or difputed books. Thus we fay, that Gencfs is
part of the facred canon of the Scripture. AytiWe,

\. A dignitary in cathedral churches.

For deans and canons, or prebends, of cathedral
churches, they were of great ufe in the church j
they were to be of counfel witli the bilhop for his
revenue, and for his government, in caufes eccle-
fiaftical. Bacon,

Swift much admires the place and air,
And longs to be a canon there.
A canon / that's a place too mean :
No, doftor, you fliall be a dean j
Two dozen canons round your flail.
And you the tyrant o'er them all. Stvift.

5. Canons Regular, Such as are placed in
monafteries. Ayliffe,

6. Canons Secular. Lay canons, who have
been, as a mark of honour, admitted in-
to forae chapters.

y. [Among chirurgeons.] An inflrument
ufed in fcwing up woujids. DiS.

8. A large fort of printing letter, pro-
bably fo called from being firft uled in
printing a book of canons ; or perhaps
■ L 1 from

CAN

CAN

from hs fize, and therefore properly I CA'NOPY. »./ [canofeum, low Lttt.'] A

written cannon,
Ca'non BIT. «. /. That part of the bit
let into the horle's mouth.

A goodly pcrfon, and could manage fair
His ftubborn (lecvl with ca^6n bit.
Who under him did trample as the »r. Sfrnjtr.

Ca'noness. »./. [caKj^i^, low Lat.]

There are, in popidi counuiej, women they tail
fecular canmejit, living after the example of (ecu
lar canons. Ay'-jf'-

Cano'njcal. adj. \canouicus, low X<at.]
1. According to the canon.
a. Conftituting the canon.

Public readings tlicre are of bocks and wr;t-
ings, not catxmictt, wiiereby the church doth »lfo
preach, or openly make known, the doctrine of
virtuous cODverfation. }li(,^tr.

No fuch book was fount) ^mongft thofe cammcal
fcrlptures. Raleigh.

3 Regular ; ftated; fixed by ecclefiaftical

laws.

Seven times in a day do I praife thee, faid David :
from this definite number feme ages ol the church
took their pattern tor their caitotiUai hours. TayUr-

4. Spiritual ; ecclefiaftical ; relating to
the church.

York anciently ha.l a metropolitan jurifdiflion
over all the bifliops of Scotland, from whom tlicy
had their confecration, and to whom they fwore
unciiicisi obedience. Ay/ife.

Cano'nicallv. aJ-v. [from canomcaL]
In a manner agreeable to the canon.

It is a known ttory of the friar, who, on a

fading day, bid his capon be caip, and then very

catsaikally eat it. Gmcrnmni oftht tor.gut.

Cano'nic ALNESS. »./. [itom canonical.']

Th» quality of being canonical.
Ca'nonist. n. f. [from canoit."] A man
veried in the ecclefiaftical laws ; a pro-
feiTor of the canon law.

John Hlhcr, biHiop of Rochefler, when the
Icing would have tranflatcd him from tliat poor
biflioprick, he rcfufcd, faying, he would not for-
fake his poor little old wife ; thinking of the fif-
teenth canon of the Nicene council, and that of the
CBnomJis, Matrmomum inter ef'tfccfum & ecc/ijium
iji coKtracium, &e. Camden's RtrtMir.s.

Of whole liiaoge crimes no cencmft can tcil
Inwhatcummandment's large contents they dwell.

P!,p,.
CanOnIZa'tiON. n. f. [from canonize.]
The aft of declaring any man a faint.

It is very fufpicirus, that the intcrtfts of parti-
cular families, or churches, have too great a fway
in cammaiaticns. jidcajon.

To Ca'nonize. t. a. [from cation, to
put into the canon, or rule for obferv-
mg fefiivals.] To declare any man a
faint.

The king, defircas to bring into the houfe of
Ljncafter celcrtial honour, became fuitrr to pope
Julius, to eancniiu king Hcury VL for a faint.

Bacaii.

Bjr thofe hymns all Ihall approve
Us crtMw/asVfor love. Vannc.

They have a pope too, who hath the chief care
of religion, and of camnixing whom he thinks fit,
and thence have the honour of faintj. StlUhigfcet.

Ca'nonry. 1 M. /. [from f ««»».] An
Ca'nonship. 5 ecclefiaftical benefice in
fome cathedral or collegiate church,
which has a prebend, or a ftated allow-
ance out of the revenues of fuch church,
commonly annexed to it. Ayiiffe.

Ca'nopied. fl.^'. [from f<JBfl/>y.] Covered
with a canopy.

I fat me d:!wn to watch upon abanic,
Wiihi/yCiiuo^^V, and intcr*ovt
With ilauating baaeyfuckic> MiUt:

covering of llate over a throne or bed ; a
covering fpread over the head.

She is there brough t unto a paled green.
And pl^iced under a {lately canopy.
The warlike feats of both thofe knights to fee.

Fairy ^tm.

^ow fpi-ead the night her fpangled canopy.
And fummon'd every reftlcfs eye to fteep. Vairfiix,

Nor will the raging fever's fire abate
With golden cancfks, and beds of (late. Drydtn.

To Ca'nopy. <K. a. [from the noun. J To
cover with a canopy.

The birch, the -myrtle, and the bay,

Like friends did all embrace;
And their large branches did difplay

To canfy the place. Dryicn,

Ca'norous. adj. \canoTtt$, Lat.] Mufi-
cal ; tuneful.

Bitds that are moft canorom, and whofe notes we
moil commend, are of little throats, and fliort.

Brotvn's Vulgar Erroun.

CANT. a./, [probably from cantus, Lat.
implying the odd tone of voice ufed by
vagrants ; but imagined by fome to be
corrupted from quaint.]

1. A corrupt dialeft ufed by beggars and
vagabonds.

2. A particular form of fpeaking, peculiar
to fome certain dais or body of men.

I write not always in the proper terms of niivi-
gation, land feivice, or in the cant of any profclfion.

Drydtn.

If we would trace out the original of that fla-
grant and avowed impiety, which has prevailed
among us for fome years, »c fhould find, that it
owes its rife to that cant and hypocrify, which
had taken pod'efiion of the people's minds in the
times of the great rebellion, jiddifcni Freebaldcr.

Aftrologers, with an old paltry cant, and a few
pot-hooks for planets, to anuife the vulgar, have
too long been fullered to abufe the world,

Sivifi's PrediSliomfer the Tear 1701.

A few general rules, with a certain ctf/rr of words,
has fometimcs fet up an illiterate heavy writer for
a moft judicious and formidable critick.

yiddtfon's SpfHator,

3. A whining pretenfion to goodnefs, in
formal and affefled terms.

Of promife prodig^il, while pow'r you want.
And preaching in the fcif-denying cant.

Vrjden*i Aurcngsiebe.

Barbarous jargon.

The nfftftjtion of fome hte.aothors, to intro-
duce and multiply cum words, is the moft nfinous
corruption in any language. Sivift.

5, Auftion.

Numbers of thefe tenants, or their dcfcendants,
are nov/ offering to fell their leafes by cant, even
thofe which were for lives, Hitiift.

To Cant. 'v. n. [from the noun.] To
talk in the jargon of particular pro-
feffions ; or in any kind of formal, af-
fcfted language ; or with a peculiar and
ftudied tone of voice.

Men cajii about materia and forma ', hunt chi-
meras by rules of art, or drcls up ignorance in
words of bulk or found, wKiih may ftop up the
mov>th of enquiry. 1 ' ' Clan-a'itle.

Tkat uijcouth aflfcfled garb of fpeech, or cai.i ng
language la'Jicr, if I may fo call it, which tliey
have of late taken up, is the fignal dillin£lian and
charaflciiftical note of that, which, in that their
new language, they cill tlie godly f arty. SanJerfin.

The bufy, fubtile ferpenta of the law
Did firft my mind from true obedience draw ;
While I did limits to the king prefcribe.
And took for oracles \\\^t canting tribe. R(/fccm>non.

Un/kill'd in fchemcs by planets to fotelKo\i,
Like canting rafcals, bow the wai* will go. - ''

% Drydtn' i 'Juvtiul.

CAN

CANTA'TJ. n.f. [Ital,] A fong.

Canta'tion. n.f. [from canto, Lat.]
The aft of finging.

Ca'nter. n. f. [from cant.] A term of
reproach for hypocrites, who talk for-
ma llyof religion, without obeying it. '

CaNTEP-BURY bells. SepBELFLOWER.

Canterbury GALLOP. [Inhorfeman-
fhip] The hand gallop of an ambling
horfe, commonly called a canter ; faid
to be derived from the monks riding
to Canterbury on eafy ambling horfes.

CANTHA'RWES. n.f. [Latin.] Spanidi
flies, ufed to r.aife blifters.

The flics, cantbarida, are bred of 3 worm, or
caterpillar, but peculiar to certain fruit trees ; a>
are the fig-tree, t"he pine-tree, and the wild brier }
all which bear fwcet fruit, and fruit that hath a
kind of fccret biting or Iharpnefs : for the fig
hath a milk in it that is fweet and corrofne ;
the pire apple hath a kernel that is 5rong and
abrterfivc. Bacon's Natural H-Jicry.

CA'NTHUS. n.f [Latin.] The corner
of the eye. The internal is called tli«
greater, the external the lefler canthus.

^uincy.
A gentlewoman ^vas feized with an inflam-
mation and tumour in the great canthus, or angle
of her eye. f^ijeynan*

Ca'nticle. n.f. [from Mw/ff, Lat,] A
fong : ufed generally for a fong in fcrip-
ture.

This right of eflate, in fome nations, is yet
mote fignificantly exprelTcd by Mofes in his canti-
cles, in theperfon of God to the Jews.

Bacon's IJoly ff'jr.

Canti'livers, n. /. Pieces of wood
framed into the front or other fides of
an houfe, to fuftain the moulding and
eaves over it, Moxon's Mecb. Exercijes,

Ca'ntion. n.f. [^cantio, Lat.] Song;
verfes. Not now in ufe.

In . the eighth eclogue the fame pcrfon Wi(»
brought in finging a caution of Collin's making.
SpenJ. Kal. Git.

CA'NTLE, n. f. [iant, Dutch, a corner ;
efchantiilon , Fr. a piece.] A piece with
corners. ' ■ Skinnti'.

S:i how this river eomes, me crinkling in,
And cuts me from the beft of all my land
A huge half-moon, a nionflrous f<i»f/c our.

Shaleff care's H,nry IV.

To Ca'ntle. "v. a. [from the noun.] To
cut in pieces.

For four times talking, if one piece thou take.
That muil be cantted, and the judge go fn;i;k.

Dry den's ywuenaU

Ca'ntlet. »._/! [hom cantlt.] Apiece;
a fragment.

Nor ihicid nor armour can their force oppofc j
Huge canttcts of his buckler ftrew the ground.
And no defence in his bor'd arms is found. Dryd,

CA'NTO. n.f. [Ital.] A book, or feftion,
of a poem.

Why, what would you do ?
.—Make a willow c.ibbin at your gate,
And call upon my foul within the houfe;
Write loyal ^iinrw of contemned love.

Sbakefpeare't Twelfth Nigii-

CA'NTON. '»./ '

1. A fmall parcel or divifion of land.

Only that little canton of land, called the Eng-
lilh pale, containing four fmall /hires, did maintain
a bordering war with the Irifh, and retain the form
of Englifh government. Davies*

2. A fmall community, or clan.
The flme is the cafe of rovers l>y land ; fuch.

CAN

CAP

CAP

»» yet, we foroe urtom in ArabiSi and fome petty

kings of the mountains aiJi»«ntto ftraitsand way?

Saccn's Hc!y War

To Ca'nton. v. a. [from the noun.] To
divide into little parts.

Families rtiall i, .it all fubjeflion to him, and
cOriUn hii empire inco Icfs governments for thcm-
felves. Lsilii.

It would certainly be for the good of mankind,
to have all the mighty empires and monarchies
of the worW canlmedout into petty ftates and prin-
cipalities. Mififon on Italy.

The late king of Spain, reckoning it aii in-
dignity to have his territories (anrtied out into
parcels by other princes, during his own life, and
without his conlfnc, rather chofc to bequeath the
monarchy entire Co a younger fon of France. Siv:/:.

They canttn out to themfclves a little province
in the intclle^ual world, where they fancy the
light Ihines, and all the rell is in darknefs.

H'atti an the Mir.d,

To Ca'ntonize. I", a. [ from f ««/»«.] To
parcel out into fmall divillons.

Thus was all Ireland r<!ijM<i/»fi/ among ten per-
fons of the Englilh nation. Davies tin Ireland.

The whole f.'reft was in a manner cantonixed
amongft a very few in number, of whom fome had
regal rights. . > Hvwet.

Ca'ntred. tk'yi The fame in Wales as
an hundred i^ England. For cantre, in
the Britifti language, fignifieth an hun-
dred. Cotvell.
The king regrants to him JHl that province,
referving only the city of Dublin, and the canlrcdt
neit aijoioing, with the maritime towns.

DavUs en Ireland.

CA'NVASS. n.f. [canevas, Fr. cannabis,
Lat. hemp.]

1. A kind cf linen cloth woven for feveral
ufes, as fails, painting cloths, tents.

The mafter commanded forthwitli to fet on all
the cairvufi they could, and fly homeward. Sidney.

And eke the pens, that did his pinions bind,
Were like main yard* with flying cam/aft lin'd,

Sfenpr.

Their eanvafi eaftles up they quickly rear,
And btild a city in an hour's fpace. Fairfax,

Where'er thy navy fprcads her canvaji wings.
Homage to thee, and peace to all, flic brings.

Waller.

With fuch kind paflton haftei the prince to
fight.
And fpreads his flying caimafs to the found ;
Him whom no danger, were he there, could fright.
Now abfent, every little noife can wound. Drydin.

Thou, Kneiler, long with noble pride.
The foremoft of thy art, haft vied
With nature in a generous ftrifc.
And touch 'd the eanvafi into life* Addijon.

2. The aft of fifting voices, or trying
them previoufly to the decifive aft of
voting, [from caava/s, as it fignilics a
fieve.]

Th're be that can pack cards, and yet cannot
play well : fo thcrj arc fome that are g'ldd in can'
vajfei and faAions, that are otherwif- weak men.

Bacon.

To Ca'nvass. 'V. a. [Skinner derives it
from cannabajfcr, Fr. to beat hemp ;
which being a very laborious employ-
ment, it is ufed to fignify, to fearch di-
ligently into.]

1. 'i'o fit't ; to examine, [from canvafs,
a Draining cloth.]

1 have made cireful fearch r>n all hands and
tanvajjed the matter with all poflible d li^erce.

WMdtviird,

2. To debate ; to di'cnfi.

The curs d fcovered a raw hide in the bottom
of a river, and lai^t their leads together how to
come at it ■■ thej' camtfiJl^ matter ouc way and

t'other, and concluded, that the way to get it, was
-to drink their way to it. L'EJlratige.

'<? Ca'nvass. -v. n. To folicit ; to try
votes previoufly to the decifive aft.

Elizabeth being to refolve-upon an officer, and

being, by fome that canva[jed for others, put in

fome doubt of that perfon flie meant to advance,

faid, fhe was like one with a lanthorn feeking a

man. Bacon,

This cnmeol canva^ng, or foliciting, for church

preferment, is, by the canon law, called fimnny.

Aylifei Parergcn,

Ca'nv. aJj, [from cane,"]

1. Full of canes.

2, Confiding of canes.

But in his way lights on the barren plains
Of Sericana, where Chinefes drive.
With fails and wind, tlieir cany waggons light.

Mikcn.

Ca'nzonet. n, /, \cansu)nttta,\tz\.'\ A
little fong.

Vecchi was moft plealing of all others, for his
conceit and variety, as well his madrigals as can-
xonets, Pcacham,

CAP. n. /. [cap, Wellh ; csppe. Sax.
cappe. Germ, cappe, Fr. cappa, Ital.
capa. Span, kappe, Dan. and Dutch ;
caput, a head, Latin.]

1 . The garment that covers the head.

Here is the cap your worihip did befpeak.— •
—Why, this was moulded on a porringer,
A velvet dilh. Shakcff/are'i Taming tte Strcn.

1 have ever held my caft ofl^to thy fortune.—
•—Thou haft ferv'd me with much faith, iitai.
Firft, lolling floth in woollen caf.
Taking her afier-dinner nap. Sivift,

The cap, the whip, the mafculine attire,
For which they roughen to the fenfc.

Tbomfcn^s Autumn,

2. The enfign of the cardinalate.

Henry the FJfih did fometimes prophefy,
ir once he came to be a cardinal.
He 'd make his cap coequal with the crown.

Sbakclfteare^s Henry VI.

3. The topmoft ; the higheft.

Thou art the cap of all the fools alive.

Shaiefpeare^f timon.

4. A reverence made by uncovering the
bead.

They more and lefs came in with cap and knee,
Met htm in boroughs, cities, villages.

Sbahfpeare's Ilcnry IV.

Should the want of a cap or a cringe fo mor-
tally difcompofe him, as we find afterwards it
did. L'EJirange.

5. A veflel made like a cap.

It is obfcrved, that a barrel or cap, whofe ca-
vity will contain eight cubical feet of air, will
not ferve a diver above a quarter of an bour.

Wikins.

6. Cap of a great gun. A piece of lead
laid over the touch-hole, topreferve the
prime.

7. Cap 0/ maintenance. One of the regalia
carried before the king at the corona-
tion.

To Cap.i'. a, [from the noun.]

1. 'I'o cover on the top.

T'e bones 1 ext t'. e jiint are capped with a
fmvith cartilaginous fubfrance, fervij.g both to
ttr'-ngth anl motioi. Derham.

2. To deprive of the cap.

I» one, Dv aniilt-.erccafiiM, take any thing from
another, as boy, fometimes ufc to cap one another,
the fam' is f>ralght felony. Spenfer on Ireland.

3. To cap ■verjes. To name alternately
verfes beginning with a particular let-
ter ; to name in, oppolition or em Na-
tion ; to name aktrnajely in conteft.

Where Henderfon, and th' ottier manej,
Were fent to cap tex s, and put cafes. Hudilrajt,

Sure it is a pitiful pretence to ingenuity tiat

can be thus kept up. there being little need of' a .y

other faculty but memory, to be able to cap e ts,

Conjcrntncnt of tbeT'^n^uc.

There is an author of ours, whom I w^uld di lire
him to read, before he ventures at capping cha as-
ters. Jltf''litr\',

Cap a pe. \ [cap a pi'i, Fr.] From head
Ca p a pie. j to foot ; all over.

A figure like your fither,
Arm'd at all points exa^Jily, cip a pe.
Appears before them, and," with folemn march.
Goes flow and (lately by them. Shatefp. Ilamlet.
There for the two contending knights he font ;
Arm'd cnp a pie, with rev'rencc low tlicy bent.

Dryden,
A woodloufe,
.That folds up itfelf in itfelf for a houfe.
As rsund as a ball, without head, without tail,
Inclos'd cap a pe \n n rtrong coat of mail. S'wiff*

Cap-paper. A fort of coarfe browuilh

paper. So called from being formed

into a kind of <;a/ to hold comaiodities.

Having, for trial lake, filtered it through cap-

^dftr, there remained in tho- fiitre a powder. B'yle.

Capabi'lity. n,/, [from capable, '\ Ca-
pacity; the quality of being capable.

Sure he that made us with fuch large difcouife.
Looking before and after, gave us not
That capab'd-.ty and godlike reafon
To ruft in us unus'd. Sbakcfpeare,

CA'PABLE. adj, [capable, Fr.]

1. Sufficient to contain; fufficiently 'capa-
cious.

When we confider fo much of that fpace, as !a
equal to, or capahte to receive a body of any aflictncj
dimenfions. Loike,

2. Endued with powers equal to any par-
ticular thing.

To fay, that the more capable, or the better
deferver, hath fuch right to f,overn, as he may
compulforily bring under the lefs worthy, is idle.

Saccn,

When you he ir any porfoii give his judgment,
conlider with yourfelf whether he be a capable
judge. Watts.

3. Intelligent ; able to underftand.

Look you, how pale he glares;
His form and caufe conjoin'd, pre.^ching to ftones',
Would make them capable. Sbairjpearr's Hamlet.

4. Intelleftually capacious ; able to re-
ceive.

I am much bound to God. that he hath endued
you with one coptihle of the beft inrtruftions.

Digby,

5. Sufceptible.

The loul, immortal fubflance, to remain
Confciou, of joy, and capable of pain. Prior,

6. Qualified for ; without any natural im-
pediment.

There is no man that believes the goodnefs of
God, but muft be inclined to thi.nk, that he hath
made fome things for as long a duration as they
ar'- capable i.f. Tilhtfon.

7. Qualified for ; without legal impedi-
ment.

Of my land.
Loyal and natural b.'y ! I'll work the means
T'o make thee capable. SbakeJ'pcare^s King Lear,

8. It has the particle of before a noun.

Wriat fecrei fprlng-i their eager pailions move.
How capable nf ear 1 for injor'd hve ! Dryd. l^irg,

9. Hollow. This fenl'e is not now in ufe.

Lean but op 'n a ruHl,
The cicatrice, and capable impr-irnrc,
Tli; ?alro fame mom nu keeps. Shak, As you like it,
Ca'pablEn ES.s. «./. [fronv capable.'^ 'I'lie
quality or ft.ite ol being ciip ible ; know-
ledge ; umlerllanding ; power of mind.
L 1 2 CAPA'CIOUS.

CAP

CAPA'CIOUS. adj. [capax, Lat.]

1 . Wide ; large ; able to hold much.

Beneath th' inccfTant werping of thafe draiat
I fee the rocky fiphons ftrctch'd immcnfe.
The mighty referroirs of hardened chalk
Or Aiff compafled clay, cafamui found.

th:ivjcni AutuBin,

2, Extenfive ; equal to much knowledge,
or great defign.

There are fume perfons of a good genius, and
a eafaciout mind, who write and fpeak very ob-
fcureljr. IVatis.

Capa cioustiESS. n.f. [from capacious.^
The power of holding or receiving ;
largenefs.

A concave meafure, of known and denominate
capacity, ferves to meafure the cepaCKtifnefs of any
cihcr vcffcl. In like manner to a given weight the
weight of all other bodies may be reduced and fo
found out. Holder on Tm(.

Ti Capa'citate. v, a. \{Tomeapacity.'\
To make capable ; to enable ; to qaa-
lify.

By this inftru£lion we may be tafaciitttd to cb-

fcrve thofe errours. Dryden,

Thefe fort of men were fycophants only, and

were endued with arts of life, to cafacitaic them

for the converfation of the ricii and great. Tatlir.

Capa'citv. tt./. [capacite, Fr.]

|. The power of holding or containing

any thing.

Had our palace the cafac'itj
To camp this haft, we would all fup together.

&ba1ie(ftttrt.
Notwithftanding thy capaciiy
Receiveth as the fea, nought enters there.
Of what validity and pitch foe'er.
But fails into abatement and low price.

Shakefptare'i Tivilfih Night.
For they that mod and greatcft things embrace,
Enlarge thereby their mind's capacity.
As ftreams eolarg'd, enlarge the channel's fpacr.

Davits.

Space, conlidered in length, breadth, and thick-

nefs, I think, may be called eafaciiy. Loikc.

2. Room ; fpace.

There remained, in the capacity of the exhaullcd
cylinder, ftore of little rooms, or fpaces, empty or
devoid of air. Boyle.

3. The force or power of the mind.

No iateile£iual creature is able, by capacity, to
do that which nature doth without capacity and
Icnowledge. Hockrr.

In fpiritual natures, fo much as there is of de-
ilre, fo much there is alfo of capacity to receive. 1
do not (ay, there is always a capacity to receive t'le
very thing they defire, for that may be impoflible.

South.

An heroic poem requires the accomplifliment of
fome extraordinary un Icrcaking ; which requires
the duty of a foldier, and the capacity and prudence
of a genera'. Dryden i Juvenal, Dedication.

4. Power ; ability.

Since the world's wide frame does net include
A caufc with fuch cefacnics endued^
' Some other caufc o'er nature muft prc&de. Blackm

5. State ; condition ; charaAer.

A miraculous revolution, reducing many from
the head of a triumphant rebellion to their old
condition of mafons, fmiths, and carp<'nter$; that,
in this capacity, they m'ght repair what, as colo-
nels and captains, they bad ruined and defaced.

South.

You defire my thoughts as a friend, and not as
a member of parliament ) they are the fame in bot)]
rspacitias. Svfijt.

CAPA'RISON. »./ [f/tparazon, a great
cloke. Span.] A horfe-clothj or a fort
of cover for a horfe, which isfpread over
his fijrniture. Farrier^s Dil}.

Tilting furniture, eraWazon'd Ihields,
Impteflet quaint, eaftrifins, aad ftecds,

C A P

Bafes, and tinfcl trappings, gorgeoui knights,
At jouS and tournament. ParadifcLoft.

Some wore a breaftplate, and a light iuppon i
Their horfes cloath'd with rich caparijon.

bryden'i Fahlci.

fo Capa'rison. -v. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To drefs in capdrifons.

The ftccds caparijim'd with purple fland,
With golden trapping , glorious to behold.
And champ betwixt their teeth the foaming gold.

Drydm.

2. Todrefspompoufly : in a ludicrous fenfe.

Don't you think, though I am caparifoned like
a man, I have a doublet and hofe in my difpofi •
tion ? Shaktjpeare'i A' you like it.

Cape. «■/. [cape, Fr.]
I. Headland; promontory.

What from the cape can you difcern at fea ?—
—Nothing at all ; it is a high wrought flood.

Sbakefpeare'i Othello.
The parting fun.
Beyond the earth's green cape and verdant ides,
Hefperean fets ; my fignal to depart. Paradife LoJI.
The Romans made war upon the TarentJnes,
and obliged them by treaty not to fail beyond the
cape. Arbuthmt.

z. The neck-piece of a cloke.

He was cloathed in a robe of fine black cloth,
with wide fleeves and cape. Bacoti,

CA'PER. n.f. [from caper, Latin, a goat.]
A leap; a jump; a ikip.

We, that are true lovers, run into ftrange capert \
but as all is mortal in nature, fo is all nature in
love mortal in folly. Shak/fpeare's As you like it.

Ftimnap, the treafurer, is allowed to cut a caper,
on the ftrait rope, at lead an inch higher than any
other lord in the whole empire. Stviji^s Gul, Trav.

Ca'per. n./. [capparis, Lat.] An acid
pickle. See Caper bush.

We invent new fauces and pickles, which re-
femble the animal ferment in tafte and virtue, as
mangoes, olives, and capers. Floyer on the Humours.
Caper bush. »./. [capparis, Lat.]

The fruit is flefliy, and ihaped like a pear. This
plant g ows in the South of France, in Spain, and
in Italy, upon old walls and buildings; and the buds
of the flowers, before they are open, are pickled
for eating. Miller.

To Ca'per. %■. n. [from the noun.]
I. To dance frolickfomelv.

The truth is, lam only old injudgment; and he
that will caper with me for a thoufand mark", let
him lend me the money, and have at him.

Shakcjpcare^t Henry IV.

3. To fldp for merriment.

Our mailer
Caf'ring to eye her. Shakefptare's Temptfi.

His nimble hand's inftinft then taughteach Aring
A eap'rhg cheerfulnefs, and made them ling
To their own dance. Crajbatv.

The family tript it about, and capered like hail-
ftones bounding from a marble floor.

Arlutitoi'sjohn Bull.

3. To dance : fpoken in contempt.

The dage would need no force, nor fong, nor
dance.
Nor capering monfieur from aftive France. Rave.
Ca'perer. n.y. [fwm caper."] A dancer:
in contempt.

The tumbler's gamboU fome delight alFord ;
No lefs the nimble caperer on the cord j
But thcfe arc ftill infipid ftufl^to thee,
Coop'd in a /hip, and tofs'd upon tlie fea.

Drydcn't Juv,

CAPIAS. n.f. [Lat.] A writ of two forts:
One before judgment, called capias ad
re/pottdendum, in an adion perfonal, if
the (hcrifF, upon the firft writ of diftrefs,
return that he has no effedls in his jurif-
didlion. The other is a writ of execution
after judgment. Cmutll.

C KV

CAfiLLn'czovi, adj. The fame with M-
pillary,

Capi'llament. n. /. [capillamentum,
Lat.] Thofe fmall threads or hairs which
grow up in the middle of a flower, and
adorned with little herbs at the top,
are called capillatnents. ^incy,

Ca'pillahy. adj. [from capillus, hair,
Lat.]

1. Refembling hairs ; fmall ; minute: ap-
plied to plants.

Capillary or capillaceous plants, are fuch as have
no main fl:ilk or Hem, but grow to the ground, as
hairs on the head ; and which bear their feeds in
little tufts or protuberances on the backlide of
their leaves. Sluincy,

Our common hylTop is not the Icaft of vegeta-
bles, nor obferved to grow upon w.\ii3 ; but rather,
fome kind of capillaries, which arc very fmall plants,
and only grow upon walls and (lony places.

Brcwn^s Vulgar Errouri.

2, Applied to velTels of the body : fmall ;
as the ramifications of the arteries.

^incy.

Ten capillary arteries in fbme parts of the bouy,

as in the brain, arc not e^ual to one hair; and

the fmalleft lymphatick veiTcIs are an hundred times

fmaller than the fmalleft capillary artery.

Arhuthnot on Aliments.

Capilla'tion. n.f. [from capillus, Lat.]
A vefTel like a hair ; a fmall ramifica-
tion of veflels. Not ufed.

Nor is the humour contained in fmaller reins,
or obfcurer capillaticns, but in a veficle.

Broivn's f^ulgar Errours,
CA'PITAL. adj. [capitalis, Lat.]

1 . Relating to the head.

Needs muft the fcrpent now his f «/iif.j/ bruifc
Expeft with mortal pain. Paradife Lo^.

2. Criminal in the higheft degree, fo as to
touch life.

F.dmund, I arreft thee
On capital tieafim. Sbakejpeare" t King hear.

Several cafes dcferve greater punilhment than
many crimes that are coital among us. Siviji*

3. That which afFefts life.

In capital caufes, wherein but one man's life is
in quedion, the evidence ought to be clear ; much
more in a judgment upon a war, which ii capital to
thi'ufands. Bacon*

4. Chief; principal.

I will, out of that infinite Bumber, reckon but

fome that arc moft capital, and commonly occur-

rent both in the life and conditions of private men.

SpcnfrroH Ireland,

As to fwerve in tlie leaft p:>inis, is errour ; fo
the r<7/>;ra/ enemies thereofCod hateth,a5hisdeadly
foes, aliens, and, without repentance, children of
endlefs perdition. Hooker.

They do, in thcmfclves, tend to confirm the
truth of a rd^ifa/ article in religion. Aitcrbury.

5. Chief; metropolitan.

This had been
Perhaps thy capital feat, from whence had fprcad
All generations; and had hither come.
From all the ends of th' earth, to celebrate
And reverence thee, their great progenitor.

Paradife Lift,

6. Applied to' letters : large ; fuch as are
written at the beginnings or heads of
books.

' Our moft confiderable actions are always pre-

fcnt, like capital letters to an aged and dim eye.

Taylor's Holy Living*

The firft is written in capital letters, without

chapters or verfcs. Grfiv*s Cofmo^ogia Sacra.

7. Capital Jlock. The principal or origi-
nal (lock of a trader or company.

Ca'pital. n.f. [from the adjedlive.]
I. The upper paMVf ^^ pillar.

Yua

CAP

CAP

> C A P

Tou fee the volute of the lonick, the foliage of
the CorinthUn, and the uovali of the Dorick, mix-
ed without any regularity on the fame cefi'.al.

MiiiJ-:>t on Italy.

1. The chief city of a nation or kipgdom.
Ca'pitally. adii. [(tom capital, '\ In a

capital manner.
Capita'tion.«./. [frotn caput, the head.

Lat.] Numeration by heads.

He fuffereJ for not performing the command-
ment of God concerning rc^/Mjion ; tl.at, when the
people were numbered, for every head they thould
pay unto God a (hekel. Brown.

CA'PITE. n.J. [from caput, capitis, Lat.]

A tenure which IiolHeth immediateiyof die king,
as of his crown, be it by knight's fervice or focagc,
and not as of any honour, c^ft!.?, or manour ; and
therefore it is othervvifc called a tenure, that hold-
eth merely of the king ; becaufe, as the crown is a
corporation and fcigniory in grofs, as the common
lawyers term it, fo the king that polTeiTeth the
crown is, in account of law, perpetually king, and
never in his minority, nor ever dicth. CowtU.
Capi'tular. n.f. [from capitulum, Lat.
an ecclefiaftical chapter.]

1. A body of Ilatutes, divided into chap-
ters.

That this pradice continued to the time of
Charlemajn, appears by a conllitution in his capi-
tular. Tayitr,

2. A member of aj:hapter.

Canonifts do agree, that the chapter makes de-
crees and ftatutes, which fliall bind the chapter it-
felf, and all its members ot cafiiuljrs.

Ayli^e'i Parfrgon.

To CAPI'TULATE. v. n. [from capitu-
lum, Lat.]

1 . To draw up any thing in heads or ar-
ticles.

Percy, Northumberland,
The archbifhop of York, Douglas, and Mortimer,
Calculate againll us, and are up. Shak. Henry IV.

2. To yield, or furrender up, on certain
ftipulations.

The king took it for a great indignity, that
thieves ihouid offer to capitulate with him as ene-
mies. Uayward*
i ftill purfued, and about two o'clock this after-
noon ftie thought fit to capitulate. UpeElator.
Capitula'tion. n.f. [from capitulate.^
Stipulation ; terras ; conditions.

It was not a complete conqucft, but rather a de-
dition upon terms and cap'itulatiom, agreed between
the conquerour and the conquered ; wherein, ufually,
the yielding P*"^/ fecured to themlelvet their law
and religion. Hale.

Capi'vi tree, n.f, {copaiba, Lat.]

This tree grows near a village called Ayapel, in
the province of Ant'cchi, in theSpanilh Weft In-
dict, about ten days journey from Carthagcna.
Some of them do net yield any of the balfam ;
thofe that do, are diftinguifljed by a ridge which
runs along their trunks. Thefe trees ate wounded
in their centre, and they apply veffels to the wound.
ed part, to receive the balfam. One of thefe trees
will yield five or fix gallons of balfam. Miller.

7i» Capo'ch. "J. a. I know not diftinft-
ly what this word means ; perhaps, to
firjp off the hood.

Capoch'd your rabins of the fynod.
And ftiapt the canons with a why not. Hudihras.

Ca'pok. ». /. \_capo, Lat.] A caftrated
cock.

In good roaft beef my landlord Ricks his knife ;
The cap'.n fat J-lights his dainty wife. Gay't Pnfl.

CJPONNIETRE. n.f. [Fr. A term in
fortification.] A covered lodgment, of
about four or five feet broad, encom-
paiTed with a little parapet of about two
feet high, ferving to^port planks la-

den with earth. This lodgment con-
tains fifteen or twenty foldiers, and is
ufually placed at the extremity of the
counterfcarp, having little embrafures
made in them, through which they fire.

Harris.

CAPO'T. n.f [French.] Is when one party
wins all the tricks of cards at the game
of picquet.

To Capo't. v. a. [from the noun.] When
one party has won all the tricks of cards
at picquet, he is faid to have capotled
his antagonift.

Capo'uch. n.f. [capuce, Fr.] A monk's
hood. DiiH.

Ca'pper. n.f. [from cap."] One who
makes or fells caps.

Capre'olate. aj/. [from capreolus, a
tendril of a vine, Lat.]

Such plants as turn, wind, and creep along the
ground, by means of their tendrils, as gourds, me-
lons, and cucumbers, are termed, in botany, ea-
prfolate plants. Harris.

CAPRrCF,. In.f [caprice, Fr. capri-
CJPRrCHIO. j ci>o. Span.] Freak ; fan-
cy ; whim ; fudden change of humour.

It is a plcafant fpe£tacle to behold the Ihifts,

windings, and unexpcdlcd caprichios of diftrelTed

nature, when purfued by a clofe and well-managed

experiment. Glanv'dW's ScepJIs, Preface.

We are not to be guided in the fenfeof that book,

either by the mifreports of fome ancients, or the

eaprichiot of one or two neotcrics. Grew.

Heav'n's great view is one, and that the whole j

That counterworks each folly and caprice.

That difappoints th* effect of ev'ry vice. Pope.

If there be a fingle I'pot more barren, or more

diftant from the church, there the reflor or vicar

may be obliged, by the caprice or pique of the

bilhop, to build. Sivift.

Their paffions move in lower fpheres.
Where'er caprice or folly ftcers. Sivift.

All the various machines and utenfils would now
and then play odd pranks and caprices, quite con-
trary to their proper ftru£iures, and defign of the
artificers. BcntUy.

Capri'cious. adj. [capricieux, Fr. ]

Whimfical ; fanciful ; humourfome.
C;> PRi'ciousLY. adv. [from capricious.']
Whimfically ; in a manner depending
wholly upon fancy.
Capri'cio-jsneis.»./. [from capricious.]
The quality of being led by caprice, hu-
mour, whimficalnefs.

A fubjeik ought to fuppofe that there are rea-
fons, although lie be not apprifedof them ; other-
wife, he muft tax his prince of capricioufnef:, in-
conftancy, or ill defign. Stuifi.

Ca'pricorn. n.f.[capricornus,L.zt.] One
of the figns of the zodiack ; the winter
folftice.

Let the longcA night in Capricorn be of fifteen
hours, the day confequently muft be of nine.

Notes to Creeches Manilius.

CJPRIO'LE. n.f [French. Inhorfeman-
Ihip.] Caprioles are leaps, fuch as a
horfe makes in one and the fame place,
without advancing forwards, and in fuch
a manner, that when he is in the air, and
height of his leap, he yerks or ftrikes
out with his hinder legs, even and near.
A cafriole is the raoft difficult of all the
high manage, or raifed airs. It is diffe-
rent from the eroupade in this, that the
horfe docs not Ihow his Ihoes ; and from

a hahtaie, in that he does not yerk oiit
in a balotade. Farrier's Diil.

Ca'pstan. n.f. [corruptly called cap-
Jlern ; cabejian, Fr.] A cylinder, with
levers, to wind up any great weight,
particularly to raife the anchors.

The weighing of anchors by the capfian i< alfo
new. Saleigh's EJfays.

No more behold thee turn my watch's key,
As feamen at a capfian anchors weigh. Swift,

Ca'psular. ladj. [capfula, Lat.] Hol-
Ca'psulary.^ low like a cheft.

It afcendeth notdirecHy unto the throat, but af-
cending firft into a capfulary reception of the brealt-
bone, it afcendeth again into the neck.

Sroiun's Vulgar Errotirt,
Ca'psulate. \adj. [capfu/a,Lzt.']la-
Ca'psulated. j clofed, or in a box.

Seeds, fuch as are corrupted and ftale, will fwira ;
and this agrceth unto the feeds of plants locked up
and capfulaicd in their hulks. Brotvn's Vulg. Er.

The heart lies immured, oz capfulated, in a car-
tilage, which includes the heart as the fkuU doth
the brain. Derham.

CA'PTAIN. n.f [capitain, Fr. in Latin
capitaneus ; being one of thofe who, by
tenure in capite, were obliged to bring
foldiers to the war.

1. A chief commander.

Difmay'd not this
Our captaint, Macbeth and Banquo ? Shak. Mact.

2. The chief of any number or body of
men.

Naihan (hall be captain of Judah. Numbirs,
He fent unto him a captain of fifty. Kings.

The captain of the guard gave him viftuals.

frrewiab,

3. A man /killed in war; as, Marlborough
was a great captain.

4. The commander of a company in a re-
giment.

A captain ! thefe villains will make the name of
captain as odious as the word occupy i therefore cap.,
tains had need look to it. Sbakefpearc^ s Henry IV.

The grim captain, in a furly tone.
Cries out, Pack up, ye rafcals, and be gone !

Dryden.

5. The chief commander of a fliip.

The Rhudian captain, relying on his knowledge,
and the lightnefs of his vcfliil, pafl'ed, in open day,
through all the guards. Arhutbmt on Coins,

6. It was anciently written capitain.

And evermore their cruel capitain
Sought with his rafcal routs t' enclufe them round.

Fairy ^ueen,

7. Captain General. The general or com-
mander in chief of an army.

8. Captain Lieutenant. The commanding
officer of the colonel's troop or compa-
ny, in every regiment. He commands
as youngeft captain.

Ca'ptainry. n.f. [horn captain.] The
power over a certain diftrid j the chief-
tainlhip.

There Ihould be no rewards taken for eaplainriei
of counties, no Ihares of bilhopricki for nominat-
ing of biftiops. Spenfer,

Ca'ptainship. n.f. [from captain.]

1. The condition or pod of a chief com-
mander.

Therefore fo pleafe thee to return with us.
And of our Athens, thine and ours, to take
The captainjhip. Shakefpeare^s Timon,

2. The rank, quality, or pod of a captain.

The lieutenant of the colonel's company might
well pretend to the next vacant taftainpip in the
fame regimcDt, Wotion.

3. The

t AP

CAR

CAR

3. The chicfuinfhip of a clan, or govern-
ment of a certain diflrift.

To diminilh the Irifli lords, he did aboUfli their
preten(1«d and uiurfi i c/iptairjbifi- David oit Ire! .

4. Skill in the military trade.
Capta'tion. n. J. [from capto, Lat.]

The praflicc of catching favour or ap-
pJaufe ; courtlhip ; flattery.

I am content my Wist Ihould be difcovered,
wit'iout any of thufc dieHcs, or popular ca[itauoniy
which lorn; men ufe in their fpecchcs. K* Charles*

Ca'ption.;/./ [frcn capio, Lat. to take.]
The aft of taking any perfon by a judi-
cial procefs.

CA'PTIOUS, adj. [captieux, Fr. captio/us,
Lat.

1 . Given to cavils ; eager to objeft.

If he (hew a forwardnefi to be realbning about
things, take care that nobody check this inclina-
tion, or miflead it by cafiimi or fallacious ways of
talking with him. Lode.

2. Infidious ; cnfnaring.

She taught him likewiie how to aToid fundry
eafti^i and tempting queftions, whichwerelike to
be afked of him. Bmcrt,

Ca'ptiously. aJ'v. [from tapthus.'] In
a captious manner ; with an inclination
to objeft.

Ufe your words as caplhtijty as you can, in youi
a'guing on one fide, and apply diftinftions on tin-
other. LDcki.

Ca'ptiousn'ess. n. /. [from eaptiout,]
Inclination to find fault ; inclination to
objeft ; peeviflmefs.

> Capikufnefs is a fault oppifite to civility; it
often prJduces mi/becoming and provoking ejt-

■ prcffions and carria^^e. Lcckf.

?fl Ca'ptivate. f. *. [capti'ver, Fr.
captivo, Lat.]

1 . To take prifoner ; to bring into bon-
dage.

How ill befeeming Is it in thy fex
To triumph, like an Amaionian trull,

■ Upon their woes whom fortune eapth)irte! / Shah.

Thou haft by tyranny thefc many years
Wafted our country, (lain our citiiens,
And fcnt our fons and hiilbands caft'niate, Shai.

He deferves to be a (lave, that is content to
have the rational foyereignty of his fotil, and tlie
liberty of hi* will, fo eaf>ti'vated. King Cbarles.

They ftand firm, keep out the enemy, truth,
that would captivate or difturb them. Locke.

■z. To charm ; to overpower with excel-
lence ; to fubdue.

Wifdom enters the lift, and fo caflivetei him
with her appearance, that he gives himfcif up to
hrr. jiddifon. Guardian.

■%. To enflave : with to.

They lay a trap for themfelvss, and captivate
their underftandings to miftake, faifehood, and
crrour. h'^cke,

Captiva'tion. ri. f. [from rapti'vate.']
The aft of taking one captive.

CA'PTIVE. n./. [captif, Fr. capti-vut,
Lat.]

g. One taken in war ; a prifoner to an
enemy.

You have the eaplivn.
Who were the oppofi;es of this day's ftrife. Sbak.
This is no other than that forced rcfpeft a
captive pays to his cont^ueror, a (lave to his lord.

Jtogen.
Fr efrim (hame
Thy eafl'nm ; I calcic the penal claira.

i"*/)?'! Odyffey.

a. It is ufed with to before the captor.

If tbnu (ay i^ntony lives, 'tis well,
0( fticcds with CicCur, or not tapt'nie to him.

Shakijpeare.
I

My motlier, who the royal fceptre fwayM,
Was captive to the cruel victor made- Drjfden.

3. One charmed or enfnared by beauty or
excellence.

My woman's heart
Grofsly grew capt'rve to hjs honey words. Sbaiefp.

Ca'ptive. ac/J. [captivus, Lat.] Made
prifoner in war ; kept in bondage or
confinement, by whatever means.

But fate forbids j the Stygian doods oppofe,
And with nins circling ftreams the captiie fouls
inddfe, Drjdtr..

To Ca'ptive. 11. a. [from the noun.] It
was ufed formerly with the accent on
the laft fylhble, but now it is on the
firft.] To take prifoner ; to bring into
a condition of fervitude.

But being all dciVatcd fuve a (ew,
Rather than (If, or bt c.iptrv'J, hcrieif (he (lew.

Spertfr.
Thou loawft them to hoftile fword
Of hejthcn and profane, their carcafles
To dogs and fowl^ a P^*y, ^^ ^^^^ captiv^d. Milttn,

What further fjEr of danger can there be ?
Beauty, which- captives all things, fets me free.

Dryditi.
Still lay the god : the nymph furpris'd.
Yet miftrefs of hrrfelf, devis'd
How (hi the vagrant might enthral,
And captive him who captives all. Prior.

Capt/vity. n. /. [capti'vite, French;
captiiiitasy low Latin.]

1. Subjeftion by the fate of war; bon-
dage ; fervitude to enemies.

1 This is the fL^rjeant,

Who, like a good and hardy foldier, fought
'Gainft my cttprivity. Sbakefpeare.

There in captivity he lets them dwell
The fpace of fcventy years; then brings them

back;
Rememb'ring mercy. Milton.

Th» name of Ormnnd will be more celebrated
in his captivity, than in his greateft triumphi.

Drj;de».

2. Slavery ; fervitude.

For m--'n to be tied, and led by authority, as it
were with a kind of captivity of judgment; and
though there be reafon to the contrary, not to
liften unto it. Hooker.

The apoftie tells us, there is a way of bringing
every thought into captivity to the obedience of
Chrift. Decay of Piety.

When love *r. well tim'd, 'tis not a fault to love;
The ftrong, the brave, the virtuous, and the wife,
Sink in the foft captivity together. j4JJ:fsn.

Ca'ptor. «./". [from capio, to take, Lat.]
He that takes a prifoner, or a prize.

Ca'pture. 71./. [capture, Fr. captura,
Lat.]

I. The aft or praftice of taking any thing.

The great fagacity, and many artj(iccs, u(fd by
birds, in the invelligation and capture of th'Ji
prey. Dcrb.:i!i.

z. The thing taken ; a prize.
Capu'chei). acfj. [from capuce, Fr. a
hood.] Covered over as with a hood.

They are diflereiitly cucuIUteJ and capucba:
upon the head and back ; and, in the cicadp, the
eyes arc more prominent. Breton's Vulgar Err,

Capuchi'k. n. /. a female garment,
confining of a cloak and hooJ, made in
imitation of the drefs oi capuchin monks ;
whence its name is derived.

Car, Char., in the names of places, feem
to have relation to the Britifti caer, a
city. Gihjon's Camden.

Car. n. f. [car, Wellh ; iarre, Dutch;
cpsz, Saxon ; carrus, Latin.]

1. A fmall carriage of burdcrt, ufually
drawn by one horfe or two.

When a laJy cnmci in a cAach to our (hops, it
muff be followed by a car loaded with Wuod's
money. S^-'Ji»

2. In poetical langtiage, any vehicle of
dignity or fplendour ; a chariot of war,
or tri-jmph.

Heniy js dead, and never (hall revise:
Upon a wo-xlen coffin we attend,
ArjJ death's di (honourable viftory
We with lur (lately prefence ghrrify.
Like captivi-s bound to a triumphant car* Shakrjp*

Wile thori aftire to guide c; e heav'niy car.
And with ti-.y JjrJng fjily burn tlie world ? Sbak,
And r^ i gilded car of day.
His gi )"/t-ig axle doth allay
In the itctp Atlantick fttcam. Milten,

See where he cJmcs, the da.lin^ of the war I
See millions c.owding round tlie gildcdvar.' Prior.

3. The Charles's wain, or Bear; a con-
ilellation.

Ev'ry fixt and ev'ry wand'ring ftar.
The I'leiads, Hyads, and the Norihem Car,

Dryden.

Ca'r ABINE. 7 «• y^ [cetrabine, Fr. ] A

Ca'rbinu. 5 f'nall fort of fire arm,
ihorter than a fufil, and carrying a ball
of twenty-four in the pound, hung by
the light horfe at a belt over the left
ftiouldcr. It is a kind of medium be-
tween the pillol and the mufket, having
its barrel two foot and a half long.

Caraei.m'eh. «.y. [{vom carabine.'] A
fort of light horfe carrying longer cara-
bines than the reft, and uied fonretimes
on foot. Chambe' !,

Ca'rack. n.f. [furiica, Spanilh.] A large
fliip of burden ; tlie fame with thoic
which are now called galleons.

In which r.ver, the grea.c.l carack of Portugal
majri Ic afloat ten miles within tlielbra. Raleigb*

"The bigger whale like fome h-ige caraik lay,
Whfch wanteth lea-room with her fees to piav.

fValhr.
Ca'racole. n.y. [caracole, Fr. from ca-
racel. Span, a fnail.] An oblique tread,
traced out in femi-rounds, changing
from one hand to another, without ob-
ferving a regular ground.

When the h.rfe adv.nvc ti charge :n battie,
they ride fometimes in caracoles, to amufe the
creray, and put them in doubt whctiier they are
about to charge them in the front or in tiie llank.

Farrier s DiP,

To Ca'racole. t. n. [from the noun.]
To move in caracoles.

Ca'rat. 1 , r . r. T
,, . }■«•/• \ carat, ¥i.\

Ca ract. 3 -^ ■• ■'

1. A weight of four grains, with which

diamonds are weighed,
z. A manner of expreffiiig the finenefs of

gold.

A matk, being an ounce Troy, is divided inta
twenty- fi.ui- equal paits, cJled carafis, and each
carali into four grains: by this weight is diftin-
guilhed the different finenefs oi their gold ; for if
to the lineft of gold be put two carafis of alloy,
both making, when cold, but an ounce, ortwenty-
foar caru^s, then this gold is faid to be twenty-
two carafis fine. Cocker.

Thou beft of gold, art wor(t of gold ;
Other, Icfs fine in carat, is more precious. Shak.

CARAVA'N. n./. [cara-vanne, Fr. from
the Arabick.] A troop or body of mer-
chants or pilgrims, as they (ravel in
the Eaft.

They

CAR

Th«y fet forth
Thtir airy earavan, high over feas
Flying, and over lands, with mutual wing
Eafing their flight. Mit'tan's Faradift h-jji*

When Joftjph, and the Blefled Virgin Mother,
had lo(l their moft holy Son, thej fought him in
the retinues of their kin'-^d, and ^cm, Caravan% of
the Galilean pilgrims. ^aykr.

Carava'nsary. n. f. [from cara'vanj] A
houfe built in the Ealtern countries tor
the reception of travellers.

The inns which receive th-j caravans in Periia,
and the Eaftern cauntries, are called by the name
of carai-arfarhu Spf^ator,

The fpacious manfion, like a Tuikifli caravan-
J^ry, entertains the vagabond with only bare lodg-
ing. Fopet Lc.urs,

Ca'raVEL. 7 »./ [iraravela. Span.] A

Ca'rvel. 3 light, round, old-fafhioned
fliip, with a fquare poop, formerly ufed
in Spain and Portugal.

Ca'raway. a.y; [carum,Lii.] A plant;
fometimes found wild in rich moill paf-
tnres, efpecially in Holland and Lin-
colnihire. The feeds are ufed in medi-
cine and confedlionary. Miller.

CARBONA'DO. n. f. [carbonnade, Fr.
from carbo, a coal, Lat.] Meat cut
acrofs, to be broiled upon the coals.

If I come in his way willingly, let him make a
carbonad'v of me. Shakejptare.

To Carbon a'do. v. a. [from the noun.]
To cut or hack.

Dra'.v, you rogue, or I'll fo carbrntdo
Your {hanks. Sbaitfpiare.

CA'RBUNCLE. n. /. {carbunculus, Lat.
a little coal.]

1. A jewel (hining in the dark, like a
lighted coal or candle.

A carhurclt entire, as big as tbou art.
Were not fo rich ajewel. Shaktfptart,

His head
I CrelUd aloft, and carhimU his eyes.

With burnifli'd neck of verdant gold. Mifmn,

It is believed that a carhvmle does fhine in the
dark like a burning coal 3 from whence it harh its
name. fVilk'trt,

Carburck is a flone of the ruby kind, of a rich
Wf-od-red colour. JV^'.d'wartl.

2. Red fpots or pimples breaking out upon
the face or body.

It was a pcftiknt fever, but there followed no
earhuncle, no purple or livid fpots, or the like,
t^.e mafs of the blood not being tainted. Bcci,n.

Red bliners rifing on their paps appear.
And flaming fari««c/M, and noifomefweat. Dryd.
Ca'rbuncled. atij. \^{rotD. carbuncle. \

1 . Set with carbuncles.

An armour all of gold ; it was a king's..—
—He ha« dcfcrv d it, were it carbuxcled
Like holy Iheebus' car. Shakefptarc.

2. Spotted; deformed with carbuncles,
Carbu'ncular. adj. [from cariuncU.']

Belonging to a carbuncle ; red like a
carbuncle.

Caebuncula'tion. n.f. [carbunculatio,
Lat.] The blafting of the young buds
of trees or plants, cither by exctflive
heat or exceifive cold. Harris.

Ca'rcanet. ». /. [carcan, Fr.] A chain
or collar of jewels.

Say that I linger'd with you at your Ihop,
To fee the making of her careaitet. Shakcjpiare.

I have feen her befet and bedeckt all over with

emeralds and pearls, and a (anar.et about her neck.

liiilii^i. ill on Prwidtnce.

Ca'k.ca8S. n,/, [carquajfe, Fr.]
X. A dead body of any animal.

CAR

To blot the hQoour of the itii.
And with foul cowardice his carcaji Ihame,
Whofe living hands immortaliz'd hisnamc. SptvJ.

Where cattle paflur'd'latc, now fcatter'd lies.
With carcajjci and arms, th' infanguin'd field,
Dffcrted. ' JAiltcn.

If a man vifits his fick friend in hope of legacy,
he is a vulture, and only waits for the carc^fi.

1'ayhr.

The fcaly nations of the fta profound.
Like (hipwreck'd carcaffh, are driven aground.

Dryden.

2. Body : in a ludicrous fenfe.

To-day how many would have given their ho-
nours
To 've fav'd their carcajjh / Sbaiefpeare.

Ke that finds himfelt in any diftrefs, either of
carcaji or of fortL-ne, {hould deliberate upon the
matter before he prays for a change. U'Ejhavge.

3. The decayed parts of any tiling; the
ruins ; the remains.

A rotten ciirtajs of a boat, not ripg'd,
Nor tackle, fail, nor mali. bhaktfpearc.

4. 'I he main pnrts, naked, without com-
pletion or ornament ; as, the walls of a
houfe.

What could be thought a fuflicient motive to
have had an eternal {ercafs of an univerfe, wherein
the materials and pofitions of it were eternally laid
together ? Hale^t Origin of Afar kind.

5. [In gunnery.] A kind of bomb, ufually
oblong, confining of a fhell or cafe,
fometimes of iron with holes, more com-
monly of a coarfe ftrong lluiF, pitched
over and girt with iron hoops, filled
with combuftibles, and thrown from a
mortar. Harris.

Ca'rcelace. n. /. Ifrom career, Lat.]
Prifon fees. Diiif.

CJRCINO'MJ. n. /. [from xae""®'' »
crab.] A particular ulcer, called a can-
cer, very difficult to cure. A diforder
likewife in the horny coat of the eye, is
thus called. ^lincy.

Carcino'matous. adj. [from carcino-
ma.] Cancerous ; tending to a cancer.

CARD. ». /. [far/*', Fr. fy&arra, Lat.]

1. A paper painted with figures^ ufed in
games of chance or /kill.

A vengeance on your crafty wither'd hide !
Yet I have lac'd it with arurii' of ten. Sbjhfptare,

Soon as /he fpreads her hand, th' aerial guard
Defccnd, and lit on each important card\
Firft, Ariel perch'd upon a matadore. Pcpe.

2. The paper on which the winds are
marked under the mariner's needle.

Upon his ctirdt andcompafs firms Ills eye.
The mailers of his long experiment. Sltnjcr.

The very points they blow ;
All the quarters that they know,
I' th' (hipman't card. Slahfpiare.

How abfolute the knave is ! we muil fpeak by
the card, or equivocation will undo us. Hbakijp,

On life's vaft ocean diverfcly wc fail,
Rcafon the card, but palfion is the gale. Pcpe.

3. [iaarde, Dutch.] The inftrument with
which wool is combed, or comminuted,
or broken for fpinning.

TcCard. 'V. a. [from the noun.] To
comb, or comminute wool with a piece
of wood, thick fet with crooked wires.

The while their wives do fit
Ecfidc them, carding wool. May's firgil.

Go, card and fpin.
And leave thebufinefs of the war to men. Dryden,

To Card, f . ». To game ; to play much
at cards ; aSj a carding wife.

CAR

.CARDAMO'MUM. n.f. [Latin.] A me-
I dicinal feed, of the aromatic kind, con-
tained in pods, and brought from the
Eaft Indies. Chambers,

Ca'rder. n.f. [from fflri/.]

1. One that cards wool.

The clothiers all h.ive put off"
The fpinliers, cardcn^ fullers, weavers. Shakejpt

2. One that plays much at cards.
Cardi'acal. 7 a(^'. [xa^Jja, the heart.]
Ca'rdiack. 5 Cordial ; having the qua-
lity of invigorating the fpirits.

Ca'rdialgy. n.f. [from xajJla, the
heart, and a^^®-, pain.]

The hejrt-burn j a pain fuppofed to be felt in
the h-'art, but mure properly in the rtomach, which
fometimes rifes all along from thence up to the
ccfophagus, occafioned by fomc acrimonious mat-
ter, ^luincym

CA'RDINAL. adj. [ cardinalis, Lat. ]
Principal ; chief.

The divilions of the year in frequent ufe with
aftronomcrs, according to the cardinal interfeftions
of the zodiack ; that is, the two equino^ials, and
both the folftitial points. Brown.

His cardinal ^zxii6i\on was induftry, Clarmdan,

Ca'rdinal. n.f. One of the chief gover-
nors of the Romilh church, by whom
the pope is elefted out of their own
number, which contains fix billiops, fifty
priefts, and fourteen deacons, who con-
ftitute the facred college, and are chofen
by the pope.

A canrMal is fo ftiled, becaufe feniceable to
the apoAolick fee, as an axle or hin;^c on which
the whole government of the church turns ; or aa
they have, from the pope's grant, the hinge and
government of the Romiih church, ylylifft^

You hold a fair alfembly ;
Yo-a arc a churchman, or, I'll tell you, cardinal,
I Ihould judge now unhappily. Sbakejpeare,

Cardinal's FLOWER, n.f. [rapuntium,
Lat.] A flower.

The fpecics arc, i. Greater rampions, with a
crimfon fpiked flower, commonly called the fcarlet
cardinal' s jUwer. 2. The blue iardinat i finiirr.

MiHer.
Ca'rdinalate. 7«./. [from, cardinal.l
Ca'rdin ALsHip. j The office and rank
of a cardinal.

An ingenious cavalier, hearing that an old friend
of his was advanced to a cardmalate, went to con-
gratulate his eminence upon his a^yi honour.

L'KJlrange,
Ca'r DMAKER.«.y; [froffl Card An^mfike.\
A maker of cards. ♦

Am not I Chriltophero Sly, by occupation a
cardmakcr ? Sbakcjpeare' i Taming of the Sbreiv.

Ca'rdmatch.w./ [from card &nA mat ch.l
A match made by dipping pieces of card
in melted fulphur.

Take care, that tliofe may not make tjie nioft
noife who have the leaft to fell; which is very
obfervable in the venders of cardmalcbes, Addlforu

CA'RDUUS. See Thistle.
CARR. n. f. [cape, Saxon.]

1. Solicitude; anxiety; perturbation of
mind ; concern.

Or, if 1 would rake care, that care fliould be
For wit that Ccorn'd thewoild, andliv'd like niB.

DryJtn.
Nor fallen difcontent, nor anxious care,
Ev'n though brought thither, could inhabit there.

Dryden.

Raife In your foul the greatelb »» of fulfilling

tile divine will, ffaie'i Preparation for Death.

2. Caution ; often in the phrafe, to haic
a care-.

\ W»ll,

CAR

Well, fwrett Jack, have a M«of thyfelf. Shai.

The foolilh virgins h»d t»ken no care for a

further fuf ply, afcer the oij, which wa« at firft put

into their lamps, was fpent, »« the wife had done.

Tiltoijon.
Begone ! the prieft expefts you at the altar. —
But, tyrant, have a care I come not thither.

A. Philips.

3. Regard ; char.ge ; heed in order to
proteftion and prefervation.

If we believe that there is a God, that takes
care of us, and we be careful to plcafe him, this
cannot but be a mighty comfort to us. _ TUh'Jon.

4. It is a loofe and vague word, implying
attention or inclination, in any degree
more or lefs : It is commonly ufed in
the phrafe, to take cart.

You come in fuch a time,
As if propitious fortune took a care
. To fwell my tide of joys to their full height.

Dryden,

We take care to flatter ourfclves with imaginary

fcenes and profpedls of future happinefs. Altcrbuiy.

5. The objeft of care, of caution, or of
love.

O my poor kingdom, fick with civil blows !
When that my care could not withhold thy riots.
What wilt thou do when riot is thy earef Shak.
Flulh'd were his cheeks, and glowing were his
eyes !
Is flie thy caret is (he thy caret he cries. Dryd.
Your fafety, more than mine, was then my care:
Left, of the guide bereft, the rudder loft.
Your Ihip ihould run againft the rocky coa4.

Dryden,
The wily fox.
Who lately filch'd the turkey's callow care.

Gay's 'Trpuia.
None taught the trees a nobler race to bear.
Or more improv'd the vegetable care. P'pc.

To Care. 1/, «. [from the noun.]
J. To be anxious or felicitous ; to be in
concern about any thing.

She land hot what pain (he put her body to,
fincc the better part, her mind, was laid under fo
much agony. Sidney,

As the Germans, both in language and manners,
differed from the Hungarians, fo were they always
a) variance with them j and therefore much cared
jiot, though they were by him fubdued.

KnolleC% Htjhry oflbt Turks.
■ Well, on my terms thou wilt not be my heir 5
If thou car'/! little, lefs fli.ill be my care. Jbryden.

g.. To be inclined ; to be difpofeJ : with
/tr before nouns, or (0 before verbs.

Not caring to oblervc the wind,
Or the new fea explore. Mealier.

The remarks are introduced by a compliment
' to the works of an author, who, I am furc, would
not care for being praifcd at the expence of an-
other's reputation. Adiijon.
Having been now acquainted, the two fexes did
, /lot care to part. Addifon.
Great mafters in painting never care for drawing
people in the fafliion, fipeHator.

3. To be affefted with ; to have regard
to : withyir.
You doat on her that cares not for your love.

Srbaktfpeare.

There was an ape that had twins.} flic doated

upon one of them, and did not much care for

t' other. L'Eftrange.

Where few are rich, few care for it; where

many are fo, many defnc it. Temf^Ie.

C^^'recr AZED.nr^'. [from carez.nicraxe.'l
Broken with care and folicitude.

Thcfe both put off, a poor petitioner,
A carecraii'd mother of a many children. Sbakeff.
To Care'fn. v. a. [cariner, Fr. from
carina, Lat. A term in the fea lan-
guage.] To lay a veflel on one fide, to

CAR

calk, ftop op leaks, refit, or trim the
other fide. dam ten.

To Care'en. v. ». To be in the ftaie of
careening.

CARE'ER. «./ [carriere, Fr.]

1. The ground on which a race is run ;
the length of a courfe.

They had run thcmfclvea too far out of breath,
to go back again the iame career, Sidney.

2. A courfe ; a race.

What rein can hold licentious wlckednefs.
When down the hill he holds his fierce career ?

Shake/feare.

3. Height of fpced ; fwift motion.

It is related of certain Indians, that they are
able, when a hoife is running in his full career, to
Aand upright on his back.

IViliins's Matbemaiical Magick.
Praftife them now to curb the turning ftecd.
Mocking the foe; now to hit rapid fpced
To give the rein, and, in the full career.
To draw the certain fword, or fend the pointed
fpear. Prior.

4. Courfe of a£lion; uninterrupted proce-
dure.

Shall quips and fentences, and thefc paper bul-
lets of the brain, awe a man from the career of
his humour? Sbake/feare.

The heir of a bhifted family has rofe up, and
promifed fair, and yet at length a crofs event has
certainly met and ftopt him in the career of his
fortune. South.

Knights in knightly deeds (honld perfevere,
And ftill continue what at firft they were;
Continue and proceed in honour's fair career. Diyd.

To Car e'er. •v.n. [from the noun.] Run-
ning with fwift motion.

With eyes, the wheels
Of beryl, and careering fires between. Milion.

Ca'reful. adj. [from rar* and y«//.]

1. Anxious; folicitous ; full of concern.

The piteous maiden, careful, comforrlefs,
Does throw out thrilling Ihrieks and fhrieking
cries. Spenftr.

Martha, thou art careful, and troubled about
many things. Luke, x. 41.

Welcome, thou pleafing flumber;
Awhile embrace me in thy leaden arms.
And charm my f^^r^w/ thoughts. Dcnbam's Sophy.

2. Provident; diligent: with o/^oryir.

Behold, thou haft been careful for us with all
this care; what is to be done tor thee? z Kings,

To cure their mad ambition, they were fcnt
To rule a dift^t province, each aljnc:
What could a careful father more have done ?

Dryilcn,

3. Watchful; cautious: with «/^. .

It concerns us to btcanful of oac converfations.

Ray,

4. Subjefl to perturbations ; expofed to
troubles ; full of anxiety ; full of foli-
citude.

Gy him that rais'd me to this rorr/ii/ height,
From that contented hap whicli 1 enjoy'd. Shak.

Ca'refully. c«'i». [from careful,]

1. In a manner that fticws care.

Envy, how carrfuily does it look ! how meagre
and ill-complexioucd ! Collier,

2. Heedfully; watchfully; vigilantly; at-
tentively.

You come mod carefully Mf on your hour. Shak.

By conlideringbira lb carefully as I did before
my attempt, I have made fome faint rcfemblancc
of him. Dryden,

All of them, therefore, ftudtoufly chcriflied the
memory of their honourable extraction, and care-
fully prefcrved the evidences of it. Alterbury.

3. Providently.

4. Cautioufly.

CAR

Ca'refulness. »./. [from careful.'\ Vi-
gilance; heedfulnefs ; caution.

The death of Selymus was, with all careful.,
mfs, concealed by Fe.-hites.

Knolles's Hiftory of the Turil.

Ca'relesly. aci'v, [from carele/s.'\ Neg-
ligently ; inattentively ; without care ;
heedlefly.

There he him found all cartlefly difplay'd,
In fecreC Oiadow from the funny ray. fairy Su,

Not content to fee
That others write as carelify as he. H^aJler.

Ca'relesness. It, J, [from careUfs,'\
Hecdlefncfs ; inattention ; negligence ;
abfence of care ; manner void of care.

For Coriolanus neither to care whether they
love or hate him, manifcfts the true knowl-dge
he has in their difpofi^ion, and, out of his nohic
carelejnrfs^ lets them plainly fee i t. Slak, CorMarusw

Who, in the other extreme, only doth
Call a rough carclej'nefs good falhion ;
Whofe doak his (purs tear, or whom be fpits on,.
He cares not. Donne,

It makes us to walk warily, and tread fure, for
fear of our enemies ; and that is better than to
be flattered into pride and earelefnrfs,

Taylor's Rule tf Bving holy.

The ignorance or carelejnrji of the fervanls caa
hardly leave the maftcr difappointed. 'Temfle.

I who at fome times ftend, at others fpare.
Divided between carelejnefs and care. Pope.

Ca'reless. eic/J. [from care.1

1 . Having no care ; feeling no folicitude ;
unconcerned ; negligent ; inattentive ;
heedlefs ; regardlefs ; thoughtlefs ; ne-
gleftful ; unheeding; unthinking; un-
mindful : with 5/"or aicut.

Knowing that if thcworft bcfal them, they rtnll
lofe nothing but themfelves ; whereof they ferm
very carelefi. Spenfer,

Nor lolc the good advantage of his grace.
By fceming cold, or carelcfs of Vis will. Sbakeff.

A woman, the more curious ihe is about her
face, is commonly the more carelcfs about her
hjufe. BfH Jonfcn,

A father, unnaturally carelcfs of bis .child, (ells
or gives him to another man. Luke,

2. Cheerful; undifturbed.

Thus wifely carelcjs, innocently gay.
Cheerful he play'd. Pope,

In my cheerful morn of life.
When nurs'd by careltjs folituJe I liv'd,
Ar.d fung of nature with unccafing joy,
Pieas'd have I waAder'd through your rough do.
main. Thirnjitt,

3. Unheeded; thoughtlefs; unconfidered.

The freedom of- faying as many carelcfs things
as othe^ people, without being fo leverely remarked
upon. Pope.

4. Unmoved by ; unconcerned at.

Carilefs of thunder from the clouds that break,
My only omens from your looks 1 ..ilfv Granville.

To CARE'SS. -v. a. [carej/'cr, Fr. from
carus, Lat.] To endear; to fondle; to
treat with kindnefs.

If 1 can fiail, and pleafe, and carfs my mind
with the pleafures of worthy fpecularioni, or vir-
tuous pradlices, let greatnefs and malice vex and
abridge me, if ihcy can. Scsitt.

Care'ss. «./ [from the verb.] An aft
of endearment ; an cxpreflion of ten-
dernefs.

He, flie knew, would intermix
Grateful digrelTions, and folvt high difpute
With conjugal caries. Milton.

There are fome men who fecm to have btut\l
minds wrapt up in human Ihapes; their very
carejjcs are ciude and importur.r. L'EJlrangt,

After his fuccclTaur had publickly ow led him-
fclf a Rom.ui catholick, he began with his firrt «-
rej/<!s to the church part.. C-u-ift,

C.rRET,

CAR

CjfRET. n. f. \earet, Lat. there is want-
ing.] A note which fhews where fome-
thing interlined fliould be read.
CARGJSON. n. J. [cargafoft, Spanifti.]
A cargo. Not ufcd.
My body is a cergajfa of ill humours.

//eWf/'j Letters,

Ca'rgo. «. / [ciarg^.Fr.] The lading
of a ftiip ; the merchandife or wares
contained and conveyed in a fhip.

In the hurry of the fl>;f.vreck, Simonidcs was
the only man that appcaird unconcerned, notwjth-
flandin£ that his whole Ibrtune was at (lake in the
targe, L'EJirargc*

A (hip, whofe cargc was no lefs than a whole
world, chat carried the fortune and hopes of all
pcderity. Burnetii Ibrvry'

This gentleman was then a young adventurer
in the republic of letters, and juft fitted out for
the univerlity with a good cargo of Latin ana
Greet. Addijon.

Ca'ricous Tumour, [from carica, a fig,
Lat.] A fwelling in the form of a fig.

CjTRIES.n.f. [Latin.] That rottennefs
which is peculiar to a bone. Sluincy.

Fiflulas of a longcontinuap.ee, are, for the moft
part, accompanied with ulcerations of the gland,
and caries in the bone. Wijcmans Surgery,

Cario'sity. «. /. [from cariout.'^ Rot-
tennefs.

This is too general, taking in all ear'nfty and
ulcers of the bonei. H^ifenuin's Surgery.

Ca'rious. ae(/. [carlc/us, Lat.] Rotten.
1 dilcovered the blood to arife by a carhus tooth.

H%Kar.

Cark. «. /. [ceapc, Saxon.] Care;
anxiety ; folicitude ; concern ; hccdful-
nel's. This word i: now obfolete.

A.nd Klaiut taking for his youngli.-igs cart.
Left grtedy eyes to them might challenge lay,
Bufy with oker did their Ihouldcrs mark, siliiey.

He do«m did lay
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Sfenler.

CAR

Ca'uman. h. /. ( from f^f and wa«, ] A
man whofe employment it is to drive

To Cark. -v. n. [ceapcan, Saxon. J To
be careful ; to be folicitous ; to be anxi
ous. It is now very little ufed, and al-
ways in an ill fenfe.

I do find what a blefling is chanced to my life,
from fiich muddy abundance of rdr^mr agonies, to
ftates wh'.ch ftiU be adherent. SUtiej.

What can be vainer, than to lavifh out our lives
in the fe«th of ttiflea, and to lie carting fir the
unprofit..bTc foods rf this world ? L'EJirange.

Noth.ng can fupcrfele our own carkir.gi and
contrivantca for ouifcUeii, but the adurance tlm
God cares for us. Decay -jf Piety.

Carle. ».y: [ceopl, Saxon.]
I, A mean, rude, rough, brutal man.
We now ufc churl.

The carle bebeij, a«d faw his gueft
Would lafe depart, for ali his fubtilc fleighr.

Spenjer,
AnfwiT, thou carle, and judje tliis riddle right,
II frankly «wn thee for a cunning wight.

. Ciy's Pajlorais.

The editor wa» a covetous carle, and would have

bis pi-arh of the highcft price. Bentlcy.

2. A kind of hemp.

'1 he fimble to fpin and the car! for her feed.
/-■ , -'Tuffir.

Ca RLim THISTLE, [carlitta, Lat.] A
plant. Miller.

Carlinos. »,/ [In a fhip.] Timbers
lying fore and aft, alo.ig from one beam
to another ; on thtfe the ledges reft, on
which the p'an;« of the deck are made

^^% , Harris.

Vol. L

/'ii

If the ftrong cane fupport thy walking hand,
Chairmen no longer (hall the wall command j
E'en flurdy carmen (hall thy nod obey,
And rattling coaches ftop to make thee way.

Gtty^s Trivia.
Ca'rmklite. n. /. [c.trmelite, Fr.] A

fort of pear.
Carmi'n ATivE. fl<^'. [fuppofed to be fo
called, as having •vim carmiuis, the power
of a charm.]

Carmiiiati~^es are fuch things a; dilute and rilax
at the fame time, becaufe wind occafions a fpafm,
or convulfion, in fome parts. Whatever promotes
infenfible perfpiratiim, is ccrmisaiirie ; for wind is
petfpirable matter retained in the body.

jlrbutbna on jilimcnts.
Carmhctivt and diuretick
Will damp all palTi^n fympathetick. Stcifr.

Ca'rm iNE. n./. A bright red or crimfon
colour, bordering on purple, ufed by
painters in miniature. It is the mofl
valuable produift of the cochineal maf-
tick, and of an excelEve price.

Clramie^rs.

C.\'rkage. »./. [carnage, Fr. from caro,
carnii, Lat.]

1. Slaughter; havock ; maffacre. '

He brought the king's forces upon them rather
as to carnage than to fight, inlomuch as, without
any great lofs or danger to themfelves, the grcateft
part of the fcditious were (lain. Haytutsrd.

2. Heaps of flefh.

Such a fcent 1 draw
Of carnage, prey innumerable ' and raftc
The favour of death from all things there that live.

MUtiin.
His ample maw with human carvage fill'd,
A milky deluge next the giant fwiii'd. Pope.

CA'RNAL. adj. [carnal, Fr. carnalii,

low Lat.]
1. Flelhly; not fpiritual.

Thouiloll juftiy re<juire us to fubmit our un-
derrtandings to thine, and deny our wrna/realon,
in order to thy facred myftcries and commands.

Kmg Charles.
From that pretence
Spiritual laws by carnal f ow'r (hall force
On every confcience. Milton.

Not fuch in f<rr»«/ pleafure : for which caufe.
Among the bealli no macei°or thee was found.

MiilcB.

A glnrious apparition ! had not doufct,
And carnal fear, thai day dimm'd Adarn't eye.

. Milton.

He perceives plainly, that his appetite to fpiri-
tual things abates, in proportion as his fenfua)
appetite is indulged and encouraged ; and that
MrW difircs kill not only the defite, but even the
power, of tailing purer iKli^hts. Attcrbuty.

2. Luftful ; lecherous ; libidinous,

'I'liis carnal cur
Preys on the ifl'ue of his mother's body. S'ahjt.
CARNA'i,iTy. n. /. [from carnal.]

1. Flelhly lull ; compliance with carnal
defires.

If godly, why do they wallow and fleep in all
the carnalities of the world, underprecence of chrif-
tian liberty > s„uth.

2. GrofTnefs of mind.

He did not inltituie this way of worlhip, bat
becaufe of tlie carnality of their hearts, and the
proncnefs of that people ti> idolatry. TilUiion.

Ca'rvally. adv. [from carnal.] Ac-
cording to the flefh ; not fpiritually.

Wiiete they found min in diet, attire, furniture
of houfe, or any other way obfer\'ers of eivility

CAR

and decent order, fuch they reproved, as being
carr.ally and earthly minded. Mocker.

In the facranieijt we do not receive Chrift car^
nailj, but we receive him ffirituallt ; and that
of itfelf is a conjugation of blelTings and fpirituat
gi'acfs. Taylor's ffort'jy Coirrmnicanc.

Ca'rn ALNESS. n.J. The fame with i-ijv-
naltty. Dia.

Carna'tion. ». / [carnes, Lat.] The
name of the natural flelh colour, from
whence perhaps the flower is named ;
the name of a flower.

And lo the wretch ! whofe vile, whofe infefl luft
L>id this gay daughter of the fpring in dull :

0 pnr.ifh him ! or to the Elyfian (hades
Dilmifs my foul, where no carnation tades. Pope»

Carne'lion. n.f. A precious flone.

1 he common eamelisn <( its name from its

fleflicoioar: which is, in ume of thefe ftones,

paler, when it is called the female WHc/ion j in

others deeper, called the male. H^ooiltuarJ.

Ca'rneous. a.-//, [carneus, Lat.] Fiefhy.

In a calf, the umbilical veliels terminate in
certain bodies, divided into a multitude of carnemit
papillx. Ray.

To Ca'rnify. -v. m. [from caro, iarnis,
Lat.] To breed flelh; to turn nutri-
ment into flefh.

At the fame time I think, I deliberate, I par-
pofe, I command : in inferjour faculties, I walk,

1 fee, I hear, I Jigeft, I fanguify, I camify.
Hale's Origin of Mankintl.

Ca'rnival. n.f. [carna-val, Fr.] The
feartheld in the popifh countries before
Lent ; a time of luxury.

The whole yea. is but one mad carnival, and
we are voluptuous not fo much upon dcfire or
appetite, as by way of exploit and bravery.

Decay of Pity.
CarniVorous. ajj. [from camis and
■yoro. ] Fielh-catitig ; that of which flefh
is the proper food.

In birds there is no maftication or comminution
of the meat in the mouth ; but in fuch as are
not carnivorous, it is immediately fwallowed into
the crop or craw. Hay on the Creation.

Man is by his frame, as well as hi» jjipetite,
a carnivorous animal. j^rkuihnot on Abn:cnts,

Carno'sity. n.f. [carnoftii, Fr.] Flefby
excrefcence.

By this method, and by this courfe of diet, with

fudorificks, the ulcers arc healed, and that carno.

J!iy ref.Jved. mfman.

Ca rnous. adj. [from caro, carnii, Lat.l

FJefhy. •*

The firft or outward part is a tliick and Mrffo.vj

covering, like thai of a walnut ; the fccond, a dry

and flofculous coat, commonly called mace.

Broivns Vulgar Errcurs,

The mufcle whereby he is enabled to A.iw

hiijifelf together, the academifts defcribe to be a

diftinft Mnreaj TOufcle, extended to the ear.

, Ray on the Creation.

Ca rob, 01 St. John's Bread, [foliqua,

Lat.]

A tiee very common in Spain, and in fome parts
of Italy, where it produce, a great <)uantity of long,
fiat, brown. coloured pods, which are thick, meaiv,
and of a fweeti(h lafte. Thefe pods are eaten by
the poorer inhabitants. Mller.

Caro'che. n. f [from caroffe, Fr.] A
coach ; a carriage of plealUre. It is
ufed in the comedy of Albumaxar, but
now it is obfolete.

CA'ROL. //./ [carola, Jul, from chortO'

la, Lat,] ,

I. A fong of joy and exultation.

And let the Graces dance unto the reil.
For they cjo do it bed ;

Mm The

CAR

CAR

CAR

The whiles the mafdcnj do thtir can! fing,
To which the woods iliall anCwcr, and their echo
ring. Sferfcr'iEfitbaUirtlum.

Even In the Old Tcftamcnt, if you lifteii to Da-
vid's harp, yuu ihall bearu many heatfc-Ukc air^
as ctirals. Btaii^

Oppos'd to her, on t'other (ide advance
The'coltly fcaft, the caril, and the Janee,
Minttrels and muRck, poetry and play,
And balls by night, and couinaments by day.

VryJen*

2, A fong of devotion.

No night is now with hymn or fjrj.'hieft.

Skakcffrart.
They gladly thither hafle ; and, by a choir
Ot'fqiijJrnn'd angel!, hear his ierel fung. Milttn.

3. A fong in general.

The i-aro/ they began that hour.
How that a ilt- was but a flower; Sheiefp.
To Ca'rol. o". a. [catolnre, Ital.] To
fing ; to wacble ; to fing In joy and
feftivity.

Hai k, how the cheerful bird* do chant their lays.
And ftfro/ of love's praife. Sjxnfrr,

This done, flie fung, and cariirj out fo clear,
That men and angels might rejoice to hear. Vryd,

Hov'rlng fwans, their throats relcas'd
From native filence, carJ founds harmonious.

Prior.

To Ca'rol. v, a. To praife ; to celebrate
in fong.

She with preciouj viol'd lt<]uors heals,
For which the fliepherds at their feftivals
Ctrd her goodnefs loud in rullick lays. Jlfiltsn.
Ca'rotid. atl/. [carctides, Lat.] Two
arteries which arife out of the afcending
trunk of the aorta, near where the fub-
clavian arteries arife.

The (areliJ, vertebral, and fplenicfc arteries, are

rot only varioofly contorted, but ,ilfo here and

there dilated, to moderate the motion of the blood.

Jiay on the CrcatisTf,

CaRo'usal. «. /. [from carcti/e. It feems
more properly pronounced with the ac-
cent upon the fecond fyllable ; but
Drydiii accents it on the firft.J A felli-
val;

This game, thefe caraufah Afcanlos taught.
And building Alba to the Latins brought. Drydcn.
To C-'^RO'USE. -v. n. [camufer, Fr.
firoro gar au/z, all out. Germ.] To
drink ; to quaff"; to drink largely.

He Ci>lls for wine : aheikh, quorh he, asif
Tl'ad been aboard carntfrig to his mates
After a ftorm. Skalcfpeart.

Learn with how little life may be preleiv'd,
la gld and myrrh lliey need not to fomiijr. Ralc:gh,

Itow hats fly off, and youths taroaft,
HetlltM firft go round, and then the lioufc,
Vi^ brides came thick and thick. Sh.-Z/.b;.

Cndcr the ihaJow of friendly bougha
They fiieanu/inj;, where their liquor grow?. IVj'ltr,

Tc Ca»o'i;»e. f. a. Todrinkuplaviflily.
Now my ficU fool, Rodcrigo,
Whom love hath turn'd almaft the wrong fide out,
To Defdf mona hath to-night ctmuid
dotations pottie deep. ' Shairffcurt.

Our cheerful guefts cantije the fparkling teats
Ol the rich gragc, whiift inufick charms their ears.

Dtnham.

Caro'use. »./. [from the verb.]

1. A drinking match.

Wafte in wiU riot what your land allows.
There ply the early feaft, and late canuft. Pcfc.

2. A hearty dofe of liquor.

He had Co many eyes watching over him, as

he could not drink a lull airnuff of (tick, but the

ftatc wasadvcrtifeJ thereof within few hours after.

Dai'ies on Ir£/ar:J.

Plejfc you, we may contrive this alKrnoon,
Aai <)ua.T caries to oiu BuiLitk' Jwalth. Siuk.

Caro'user. n. /. [from caroit/e.] A
drinker ; a toper.

Tlie bold carcujer, and advent'ring dame.
Nor fear the fever, nor rcfufe the flime ;
Safe in his Ikill, from all conftraint fct free
Bat conlcious (hame, remurfe, and piety.

GnJltvllIf,

Carp. n./. [carfe, Fr.] A pond filh.

A friend of mine ftorcd a pond of tlirec or four
acres with carpi and tench,

Hflle^t Origin nf MarkirJ,

To CARP. -J. n. {carpo, Lat.] To cen-
furc ; to cavil ; to find fault : with at
before the tiling or perfon cenfured.

TcrtuUian even often, through difcontentnient,
ecrprih injurioufly at them, as though they d.d
it even when tliey were free from fuch meaning.

Hooktr,
This your all-licens'd fool
Docs hourly carp and quarrel, breaking forth
In rank and not to be endured riots. Hhakcjptare.

No, not a tooth or nnil to fcratch
And a! my adlions carp or catch. Herbert,

When 1 fpoke.
My honeft homely words wereiwr^V aitd cenfur'd.
For want of courtly ftile. Drydcn

Ca'rpenter. k./. [charpentier, Fr.] An
artificer in wood ; a builder of houfes
and fliips. He is diftinguilhed from a
joiner, as the carpenter performs larger
and llronger work.

This work performed with advifement good,
Godfrey his carpculcn, and men of ikill
In all the camp, fent to an aged wood. Fairfax,

In building Micro's great fli'p, there were diree
hundred carpenters employed for a year together.

miHni.

In burden'd veflcls firft with fpeedy care,
His plenteous (lores do feafon'd timbers fend j

Thither the brawny carpenters repair.
And, as the furgcons of maim'd (hips, attend.

Drydcti.

CA'RFENTRy. »./. [froM Carpenter,'] The
trade or art of a carpenter.

It had been more proper for me to have intro-
duced carpentry before joinery, b-:caufc ncceiruy
did duubtief^ compel our forcfat'ners to ufe the
conveniency of the (:r*1, rather than the extrava-
gancy of the Uil. McXin's Mechanical Exercijes.

Ca'rper. n, /, [from To carp.] A ca-
viller j a cenforious man.

I have not ihclc weeds.
By putting on the cunning of a carper. Sbatefp.

CATIPET. »./ [iarpet, Dutch.]

1. A covering of various colourf, fpreatl
upon floors or tables.

Be the Jacki fair within, the Jills fair without,
carpers laid, and every thing in order ? ihaketp,

Againil the wall, in the middle of the half pace,
is a chair placed before him, with a table and carpet
before it. Bacon.

2. Ground variegated with flowers, and
level and fmooth.

Co, fignify ns much, while here we march
Upon the giaily carper of this plain- Shakrjpeare.

The farmer ground (hall be with leivcj o'er(prea^!.
And boughs ihall weave a cov'ring for your hcid.

Drjdeti.

3. .Any thing variegated.

The whole dry land is, for the moft part, co-
vered over with a lovely carpet of green grafs, and
other herb;'. Ray,

4. Carpet is ufed, proverbially, for a ftate
of cafe and luxury ; as, a cai-pct kniglit,
a knight that has never known the field,
and has recommended himfelf only at
table.

He is knight duhbed with unbacked rapier,
and oa iurpet tonfid:ratjon. $tii'fp:are.

5. To be on the carptt {fur k tapis, Fr.J
is to be the fubjeft of confideration ; an
affair in hand.

To Ca'rpet. <i>. a, [from the noun.] To
fpread with carpets.

We found him in a fair chamber, richly hanged
and carpeted under foot, without any degrees to
the ftate ; he was fet upon 1 low throne, richly
adorned, aivl a rich cloth of ftate over his head,
of blue fat:in embroidered. Jiacon,

The dry land we (ind every where naturally
carpetat o\ex with grali, and other agreeable whole,
fomc plants. Dertam.

Ca'rping. particip, adj, [from To carp.]
Captious ; cenforious.

No carping critick interrupts his praife.
No rival drives but for a fecond place. Gram'Vk*

Lay afide therctbre a carping fpirit, and read
even an adverfary with an honeft defign to (ind out
his true meaning ; do not fnatch at little lapfes,
and appearances of miftake. fi'attt*

Ca'kp I sr.LY, adv. [fttiia carping,'] Cap*
tioufly ; cenforioufly.

We derive out of the Latin at fecond hand by

the French, and make good Englidi, as in the(e

advetbs, carpitigly, currently, aftivcly, colnurjbly.

Camden^s Remains.'

Ca'rpmeai,s. n,/. A kind of coarfe cloth
made in the North of England.

Phillips's World of Words.

CJ'RPUS, n, f, [Latin.] The wrift, fo
named by anatomifls, which is made up
of eight little bones, of different figures
and thicknefs, placed in two ranks, four
in each rank. They are flrongly tied
together by the ligaments which come
from the radius, and by the annulary
ligament. ^incy,

1 found one of the bones of the tarpus lyinj
loofe in the wound. JVijcman's Surgery.

Ca'rrack. See Carack.
Ca'rrat. See Carat-.
Ca'rraway. See Caraway.

Nay, you (hall fee mine orchard, where, in an
arbour, wc will eat a laft year's pippin of my own
grafting, with J di(h o{ carratvjys, and fo forth j
come, cou(in, filcncc, and then to bed.

Sbakejpeare^s Henry iV,

Ca'rriage. n.f, [cariage, Fr. baggage ;
from carry.]

1 . The ad of carrying, or tranfporting, or
bearing any thing.

The unequal agitation of the winds, thouglx ma-
terial to the carriage of founds farther or iefs way,
yet do not confound the articulation.

Baeens h'jtural Hifory.

If it fcems fo ftrange to move this obeli(k for f>
little fnaee, wh.it m.iy we think of the carria/re of
it out of Egypt .' H'tikins.

2. Conquert ; acquifition.

Solym.m rcfolved t-> bcltege Vlenn.ij in good
hope that, by the carriage away of that, the other
cities would, without refift.ince, he yielded.

KntiUa'! Hijlcry cf the Turks,

3. Vehicle ; that in which any thing is
carried.

Wh-»t horfe or carriage can take up and bea»
away all the lopplngt of a branchy tree at once i"

IVatis.

4. The frame upon which cannon is car-
ried.

He commanded the gre.it ordnaioe to be laid
up-in carriages^ which before lay hound in great un-
wieldy timber, with rings f.irtencJ thereto, and
cuuld not handfomely be removed to or fro,

Knillei's Hiji.ry oftbeTurit.

5. Beliaviour ; perfonal manners.

Betoic hi» eyes he did call a mili, by bif own

inlinuaUun,

CAR

infinujt'on, and by the carriage of his yoath, that
_ exprcffcd a njcursl priocdy bduviour.

Baton's HceryVU.
i hough in my face there '» no affedted trown.
Nor in my carriage a fcign'd nicenefs (hown,
I keep my honour ftill without a ftair.. DryJcn.
_ Let them have ever fc learned leisures o» breed-
ing, that which will n.o(> inftuence their i j,-r;a<rf
will be the company they convcrle with, and ilte
falhnn of thofe about tliem. Luk',

6. ConduA; raealiires ; practices.

You may hurt yourlellj nay, utterly
Grow iron; tlic kin-'s ac^i aintance, by- this car-

„ '^^'\ . i:i^t,J>eare.

He ajiiied the new gJvernour to ]uvc (o much
dilcrccion m his ca.riage, that there might be no
notice taken m the wcrcife of his religion.
- _ Clitrerdon.

7. Management; manner of tranfaaine
Not ufed. ^'

The manner of carriai^e of the bufinefs, was as
If there had been fccret in<]tr;C:ion upon him.
, Baccn'$ Henry \l\.

C.\ RRlER. n.f. [from To carry.]

1. One who carries fomething.

You mull diiHogu.A between the motion of
the ajr, which is but a vihichim cauf,, a earner
of the lounds, and the founds conveyed.

_ . , , Bacmt Natural Hiflnry.

iot wiBdi, when homeward they return, wlu
• nve

The lojdedfflrn>( from their evening hive. Dryd.

2. One whofe profeffion or trade is to carry
goods for others.

I have rather made it my choice to tranfcribe
all, thau tovoiiuie the lofs of my originals by poll

_, . fierce I Leilerl.

i he roads are crowded with earncn, laden ■vith
nch rnanutaftures. Siv'-'''

3. A meflenger; one who carries a mef-
fage.

The welcome newi U In the letter found;
The earner •« not commimonM to expound ;
It fpeak. itfelf Dryde.', JU/igi, La.a.

4. 1 he name of a fpecies of pigeons, fo
called from the reported praftice of fome
natioos, who fend them with letters tied
to their necks, which they carry to the
place where they v.-ere bred, however
remote.

There ate tame and wild pigeons ; and of tame
tfiere are croppers, rarrin-j, r.i„ts. fTahin', Ar.rler.
CA'RRION. ,./ [char<,gne, Fr.]
I. The c-ircafs of fomething not proper
for food. "

The) did eat the dead eeirrUm,, and one another
foon atter J infomuch that the very circailes they
fcraped out cf their graves. iWer <». htUnl

It is I,
Tha-, lying by the violet in the fun.
Do as tlu; caniui H.ies, not as the flower. Sbaiefb.

1 his foul deed Ihall fmell above the earth.
With ftfrrKo men groaning f jr burial.

V .11 /. I. /*"*'.'}'■««■»>/'>'« C.Wir.

You 11 aflc me why I- rather choofe to have
A weight afearriti flelh, than t > receive
Thjee tlioufand ducats. SlaU/>. M.rcb. e.f ir„ke.

Rr.ven. are fcen in flock, where a carrion lies,
and wolves in herds to run down a deer. Temple

SI,eep,_oxen, horfea fall ; and he.ip'd on high,
1 h" Am ring fpecies in cnnfution lie j
1 .11 warn-d by frequent ills, the way they found
T « lodge theit loathlome carntn under ground.

Critic ki as they are birds of prey, have ever a
natonl inclin«ion to racTOn. p,^,^

2. Anv fleOi fo corrupted as not to be fit
lot food.

No. ,11 that pride that make, thee fwcll,
As big as thou doft blov/n-up veal •
Nor ail thy tricks and flights to cheat,
Sx J all thy rarr/w for ^ood meat. Huditrai.

CAR

The wolves will get a breakfaft by my death.
Yet fcarce enough tlieir hunger to fupply,
for love has made me carrPjn ere I die. Dryd.v.

3. A name of reproat;h for a worthlefs
woman.

Shall we fend that fooliih carrhn, Mrs. Quickly,
to him, and cxcufe his throwing into the water ?

Shi2k;ffear!.

Ca'rrion, aeij. [from the fnbftantive.]
Relating to carcaffes ; feeding upon
carcafles.

Match to match I have en-tr>nr'!»'d h-m
And made a prey for carricn kites and zro's,
Ev'n of the bonny bcalis he. bv d fo wtl!.

„, . Shairlfeert's lieny VI.

ilie charity of our dcath-leU villti. trom or.c

CAR

^ — „„. uvuiii-i.i;u viiir!> rrom one

another, is mucli at a rat.: with that of a c.irrki,
crow to a fliecpj we fmcll a caicals. VI-:ftrang€
CA'RROT. «./ [carole, Fr. eicuuu Lat.]
An efculent root.

CirrM, thougji ga.Jcn roots, yet they do well

m the fiells for feed. Mcr.i^er.

His fpoufe order, the fack to be Immedi.fly

opened, and greedily pulls out if it half a d zei.

bunches ot carrots. Der.r-

Ca'rrotiness. h./. [fromf<»rra/)-.] Red-
nefs of iuir.

CA'RfLOTY. aeij. [from earrtf.] Spoken
of red hair, on account of its refem-
blancc in colour to carrots.
Ca'rrows. n.f. [an Irilh word.]

The carrm-i arc a kiud of people that wander
up and down ti gentle rcn's houfes, livin • only
•po« caiJs and dice; .vho, ihoui-h they have little
or nothing of their own, y«t will they play f„r
much money. s^„,.,^ Jj, l^^^

To CA'RRY. 'V. a. [cbarm; Fr. from cur-
rus, Lat. ]

I. To convey /«« a place : oppofcd to
bring, or convey to a place : often with a
particle, lignifying departure, as a^wity.

When be dieth, he Ihall carry nothing away.

. , , Pialm xlix. 18

And devout men carried Stephen to his burial.

AUs, viii. 2.
I mean to carry her awuji this cienlij.» by the
help of thefe two liildieri. Dryden', Kfanyi Friar.
As in a hiveVs vimineoub dome,
Ten thoufand bees enjoy their home;
Each docs her ftudious aftion vary.
To go and come, to fetch and carry. Prior.
They expofed their goods with the price mark-
ed, then retired ; the merchants came, Irft the
price which they would give upin tlic goo.f , and
retired ; the .Seres returning, «rrK</ 5^ cirhcr their
goods or money, as tliey liked belt. Aibutino:

2. To tranfport.

Thty began to carry about in beds thofe that
*'"/"^- A/a,^vi. c.-.

The Ipecies of audiblea feem to be carrud m-re
manilettly through the air, than the fpecies of
vihblci. » „

Where many great ordnance are (hot off togc.
thcr, the found will be carried, at the lead, twenty
miles upon the land. BaoL

3. To bear ; to have about one.

_Oo not lake out bones like furgeons I have met
with, who i-arry them about in their pockets.
_, If^fcmati'i Surgery.

4. To take ; to have with one.

If the ideas of liberty and volition were carried
along with u. in our minds, a great part of the
difficulties that perplex men's thoughts would be
eaf.or refolvoJ. i,,^,.

ihave liftened with my utmoft attention for
half an hour to an r>r,itor, without being able to
c.irry away one Ijrglc fcntcncc out of a whole
fermon. Swift.

5 . To convey by force.

Go, carry Sir Jihn FaliUft'to the Fleet;
Take all his compaay along with him.

Shaiijj'eare't Henry IV.

6. To e/Fea any thing.

Tlierc are lomc vain pcrfons, that wlntfoever
6°'="' *'""'■■> or moveth upon greiter means, if
they have never fo little hand in it, titcy think it

IS tliey that carry it. £^„„.

Ott-tirr.cs we bfc tlie occafion of carryi^^ a
buCntfs well thoroughly by our too -much hiHe.
^ Beu'J:nf:v'i Difcotjcry.

Thefe advan'ag.-s will be of n 1 elfect, uiiicfs wr
impr.ve them to words, in the earrfwe ot our
"j:;" I"""?- . Adj,jc«.

7-10 gain in competition.

And hardly Cm\\ \ ^arry out my lije.
Her hiiiband being aiive. &bale{f.-are\ KingLeir.

-H ,w many (land for conful'lhips .> ^Three,

they fay ; but it is thought of emv one Corio-
lanus „,I1 rj.-._y it. ' SbAkefpcare.

1 Ice no; yet how any of rhefc fir rcaons can la
fairly avoided ; and yet if anv of them hold good,
it "enough to carry the auk. Saunderln.

1 lie latter ftill enjoying his place, and coutiuu.
ing a joint commiffioner of the treafury, ftill op.
poled, and commonly carried away every thins
againfthim. cLndo..

8- 1 o gain after refiftance.

The count woos your daughter,
Lays down his wanton ficge before her beauty ;
Refolves to carry her ; let her confent.
As we'll dirca her now, 'tis bed to bear it. Shjit

Wliat a fortune does the thick lips owe,

^= 'sn ^"rry her thus ? StaktfpeariS Othdlo.

The town was diftrelfed, and ready for 'an aiVault,
which. It it Lad been given, would have coft much
blood : but yet the town would have been carried
'"''''"'^' Bacmicnry Vn.

9. To gain : with // ; that is, to prevail.
\_le porter, Fr.]

Aie you all refolv'd to give your voices .>

But that '» no matter j the grea.cr part carriei it,

_ , Hkikcjfcare,

Sy thefe, and the like arts, they promifej them.-

fclvci that they Ciould ealily carry ,Vj fo that t!)ey

entertained the houle ail the morning with other

'''=^:'.«'- , , Clarendon.

II the numcroufnefs of a train muft carry it,
virtue may go follow Aar*a, and vice only will be
"''"''/''= courting. . GlanviUe.

Children, who lue together, often drive for
maftcry, whofe wills ihall carry it over the reft.

In pleafures and pains, the prefent is aot t»
carry it, and thofe at a diftance have the difadvan.
tagc in the comparifon. Lucie,

10. To b«ar out; to face through: with

If a man carriet it off, there i. (, much money
fared ; and if he be detefted, there will be fome-
thiog pleafant in the frolick. VBfliange,

1 1. 7"o continue e.vternal appearance.
My niece is already in the belief that he 's mad •

we may carry it thus for our pleafure and his re!
Ranee. ci_, ., ^

r,. . cshakejteare.

i2. To manage; to tranfaft.

The fcnate is grncrully as numerous as our houfe
of commons ; and yet carrio It; rcfolutions fe ~
privately, that they are feldom known.

Addifin an Jiali.

1 3. To behave ; to conduiS : with the re-
ciprocal pronoun.

Nfglca not alfo the example, of thofe that have
carried tbemjckei ill in the fame pl.icc. Bacm.

He attcnJcJ the king into Scotland, where he
did carry hmjelf wAi much Angular fwcctnefs and
t:mper. ry

at carried hmfclf(om(o\fM\y\naiehiafc, and
out of the houfe, to all perfons, that he>became
odious. r/^.. J

14- sonaetimes with // ; as, ftic carries it
high.

! M m 2 15. Tf»

CAR

15. To bring forwird ; to advance in any
prog re fs.

lb u nut (0 b« imagineJ how Tar conlVancy will
catrj a manj however, it \% better walking flowly
in a rugjcd way, than to break a leg and be a crip-
ple. ' ^ Lockr.

This plain natural Mray, without grammar, can
carry them to fireat elegancy and politcncfs in their
laOoMiage. LmU.

There is no vice which mankind carria to fuih
wild extremes, as that of avarice* Sivift*

16. To urge ; to bear forward with fome
kind of external iinpulfe.

Men are (liongly carr'uA out to, and hardly took
off from, the practice of vice. South,

He that the world, or flcrti, or devil,. can mr/y
nway from the profeflion of an obedience to Chritt,
is DO fon of tlie faithful Abraham.

Hjmmond^ s Prafiicai Catetbifm,

. Ill nature, palTion, and revenge, will cany them

too far in punilhing others ; and therefore God

bath (.ertainly appointed government torellrain the

partiality and violence of men. Lccke.

17. To bear ; to have ; to obtain.

In fome vegetabifs, we Ice fomething thatftfrr/Vj
a kind of analogy to feiilc ; they contract their
learn againA the cold ) they open them to the fa-
vourable heat. Holers Origin cf Mankind,

18. To exhibit to (how; to difplay on the
outfide ; to fet to view.

The afpe^ of every one in the family carrin fo
much fatlsfa^ion, that it appears he knows his
happy lot. AJtUJcn,

19. To imply ; to import.

It catr'ui too great an imputation of ignorance,
lightnels, or foUy, for men to quit and renounce
their former tenets, prefently, upon the offer of an
argument which they cannot immediately anfwer.

Locke,

20. To contain ; to comprife.

He thought it carried fomething of argument in
it, to prove that doSrine. ff^uili on tbc Mit:d.

21. To have annexed ; to have any Uiing
joined : with the particle ivith.

There was a righteous and a fcarching law, di-
rcOl) forbidding fuch practices ; and they knew
that it cariied -with it the divine ftamp. Smth.

There are many exprelTions, which carry wiri
them to my mind no clear ideas. Licke.

The obvious portions of extenfion, that a(&^
our frnfes, carry tuitb them into the mind the idea
ri 6.iiic. Locke.

zz. To convey or bear any thing united
or adhering, by communication of mo-
tion.

We fee a!fo manifcftly, that founds are tarried
with wind : and therefore founds will be heard
tiutfaer with the wind than againd the wind .

Baeon*t Natural Hijicry,

73. To move or continue any thing in a
certain direftion.

l-lis chimney is carried up through the wh:>lc
rock, fo that you fee the Iky throuj;h ii, not^vith-
ftinding the rooms lie viry deep. Jhidiji-r: <,n Italy.

24. To pufh on ideas, arguments, or any
thing fucceflive in a train.

Manctho, that wrote of the Egyptians, hath
carried up their government to an incredible dif-
tance. //(.-A's Origin of Maitkird.

25. To receive ; to endure: rwt in ufe.

Some have in readincls fo many odd ftorie.-, as
there is n'Jthing but they can w.ap it into a tale,
to make others carry it witli more p'eafure. Bacon.

26. To convey by means of fomething
fupporting.

Cfrry camoinile, or wild thyme, or the grc;n

ftrawbsrry, upon fticks, as you do hops upon poles.

Bacon i Nalaral ilijioiy.

17. To bear, as trees.

Set them a rcafonnble depth, and tliry will carry
(Here lho«» apon tbe liaa, {iaun't Nat. Vifi.

CAR

z8. To fetch and bring, as dogs.

Young whelps learn ealily to earry \ yoong
popinjays learn quickly to fpeak.

Afcbam'i Scbeelmajfer,

29. To carry off. To kill.

Old I'arr lived to one hundred and fifty-three
years of age, and might have gone further, if the
change of air ha'd not carried him off. Temple,

30. To carry on. To promote ; to help
forward.

It cairiei on the fame defign that is promoted
by authors of a graver torn, and only docs it in
another manner. AddiJ'in.

31. To carry on. To continue ; to put for-
ward from one ftage to another.

By the adminiftration of grace, begun by our
blelfed Saviour, carried on by his difcipies, and to
be completed by their fuccelTours to the world's
end, all types that dai.;cned this faith are en-
lightened. Sfratt.

A^neas's fettlcmcnt in Italy was carried on
through all tl.c oppofitions in his way to it, both
by fcj and land. Addifin.

32. To carry on. Toprofecutc; not to let
ccafe.

France will not confent to furnifli us with mo-
ney fufficicnt to carry m the war. Temple.

33. To carry through. Tofupport; to keep
from failing, or being conquered.

That grace will carry ui, if we do not wilfully
betray our fuccours, viftorioufly ihrougb all diffi-
culties. Uamrmnd.

To Ca'rry. 'V. n.

1. A hare is faid by hunters to carry,
when Ihe runs on rotten ground, or on
froft, and it fticks to her feet.

2. A horfe is faid to carry <vjeU, when his
neck is arched, and he holds his head
high ; but when his neck is (hort, and
ill-ftiaped, and he lowers his head, he
is faid to carry lonjj.

Ca'rry-tale. ». /. [from carry and
tale.'] A talebearer.
Some carry-tale, fome pleafeman, fome flight
zany.
Told our intents before. ShaKLove^s Labour Loft.

CART. ». / See Car. [cpsr, cpai.
Sax.]

1. A carriage in general.

The Scytiiians are defcribed hy Herodotus to
lodge always in carti, and to feed upon the milk
of mares. Temple.

Triptoiemus, fo fung the Nine,

Stri'w'd plenty from his >ar: divine. Pryden.

2. A wheel-carriage, ufed commonlj? for
luggage.

Now while my friend, juft ready to depjrt,
^^ as packing all his goods in one poor cait.
He itopp'd a liitK— — Diydei'i Juvenal.

3. A fmall carriage with two wheels, ufed
by hufbandmen ; diftinguilhed from a
ii:.tggcn, which has four wheels.

Alas ! whatweights are thole that load my heart!
I am as dull as winter ftarved (hecp,
Tir'd as a jade in overloadsn earl. Sidney.

4. The vehicle in which criminals are
carried to execution.

The fquire, whofc good grKC was to open the
fcene,
Vow fitted the halter, now travers'd the cart.
And often took leave, but was loth to depart.

Prior.

To Cart. v. a. [from the noun.] To ex-
pofe in a cart, by way of piinilnment.

Ucraocritus ne'er laugh'd fo loud.
To fee bawds carted through the crowd. UuJiirau

No woman led a better life :
She to intrigues was e':n hard-hearted;

She chuckled wbsn a bawd was (tried;

CAR

And thought the nation ne'er would thr'ire,

Till all th; whores wcr« burnt alive. Pritr,

Ta Cart. <v, n. To ufe carts for carriage.

Oxen are not fo good for draught, where y.iu
have occafion to carl much, but for winter plough,
ing. Mortimer*

Cart-horse. »./ [from cart zadior/e.]
A coarfe unwieldy horfe, fit only for the
cart.

It was determined, that thefe fick and wounded
foldiers lliould be carried upon the eart-bu/ei.

JCno/les,

Cart-jade. »./. [from far/ and _/W^.]
A vile horfe, fit only for the cart.

He came nut with all his clowi^, horfed upon
fuch carl jade!, fo furnirtied, I fliought if that
were thrift, I wifiied none of my' friends or fub-
jefls ever to thrive. Sidney.

Cart-load. »./ [from eart and loac/,]

1 . A quantity of any thing piled on a cart.

A cart-load of carrots appeared of darker co-
lour, when looked upon where the points were
obverted to the eye, than where the fides were fo.

Boyle.

Let Wood and his accomplices travel about a
country with carl loads of their ware, and fee who
will taice it. Svti/l.

2. A quantity fufficient to load a cart.
Cart-rope. ». /. [cart and roft.] A

ftrong cord ufed to faften the load on
the carriage : proverbially any thick
cord.
Cart-way. n. /. [from cart and tvay.]
A way through which a carriage may
conveniently travel.

Where your woods are large, it is beft to hare
a cart-way along the middle of them.

Mortimer I Hujbandry*

CARTE BLANCHE. [French.] A blank
paper ; a paper to be filled up with fuch
conditions as the perfon to whom it is
fent thinks proper.

Ca'rtei-. n.f. [cartel, Fr. cartello, Ital.]

1 . A writing containing, for the moft parr,
ftipulations between enemies.

As this difcord amorv.j the fiftethood is Ukely to
engage them in a long and lingering war, it i» the
more neceflary that there Ihouid b; a cartel fettled
among them. AddifonU Frecbaldtrt

2. Anciently any publick paper.

Thry flatly difavouch
To yield him more obedience, or fupport ;
And as to perjur'd duke of Lancafter,
Their cartel of defiance, they prefer.

Daric/t Civil Wtr.

Ca'rter. n. f. [from cari,'\ The man
who drives a cart, or whole trade it is
to drive a cart.

Let mi- be no afiillant for a ftate.
But keep a farm, and cartert, Sbakijp. Hamlets
The Divine goodnefs never fails, provided that,
ac • rding to the advice of Hercules to die carter,
we putourownfliduldcrs to tlie work. L'Eftrange.
Cartfr and hoft confronWd face to tace. Dryden,.
It is the prudence of a carter to put beils upon
his horfcs, to make (hem carry iheir burdens
chi'crfuliy. Vrydtn: Dufrelnoy.

CA'RTILAGE. «./ [cartilago, Lat.] A
fmooth and folid body, fofter than- a
bone, but harder than a ligament. In it
are no cavities or cells for containing of
marrow ; nor is it covered over with .any
membrane to make it fcnfible, as the
bones are. The cartilages have a. na-
tural elaflicity, by which, if they are
forced from their natural figure or fitua-
tion, they return to it of thcmfelves, as
foon as that force is tnksn away. ^mcy.

Cinals,

CAR

Canals> bydegreej, are abolifheil, and grow folid j
feveral of them united grow a membrane ; thcfe
membranes further toniblidatrd become cartilages,
and cartilagn bones. Ariutbnot.

Cartilagi'neous. 7 <7<^". [from carti-
Cartila'cikous. j lage.'\ Confifting
of cartilages.

By what artifice the eari't/jgyin"" liind of fiflies
poife themfclvej, afcend and defcend at pleaiurc,
and continue in what depth uf water they lid, is as
yet unknown. Ray.

The larynr gives paflage to the breath, and,
as the breath paiTcth through the rimula, malces a
vibration of thofe cartilaginous bodies, which forms
that breath into a vucal found or voice.

HzliUr^s E'^neris of Speech*
Carto'on. «./ [far/on^, Ital.] A paint-
ing or drawing upon large paper.

It IS with a V'llgar idea that t:ie world beholds
the cartoati of Raphael, and every one feels his
fharc of pleafure and entertainment.

JVaits's Lcgick.
Carto'uch. »./. [cartouche, Fr.]
I. A cafe of wood three inches thick at
the bottom, girt round with marlin, and
holding forty-eight mufket-balls, and fix
or eight iron balls of a pound weight.
It is fired out of a hobit or fmall mor-
tar, and is proper for defending a pafs.

Harris.
a. A portable box for charges.
Ca'r TRACE. In./, [cartouche, Fr.] A
Ca'rtridce. J cafe of. paper or parch-
ment filled with gunpowder, ufed for
the greater expedition in charging guns.

Our monaich ttands in perfon by.
His new-cali cannons firmnefs to explore ;

The (Irength of big-corn'd powder loves to try.
And ball and eartrage forts for every bore. DryJen.

Ca'rtrut. n. /. [from cart and rut;

route, a way.] The track made by a cart

wheel.
Ca'rtulary. »./ [from charta, paper,

Lat.] A place where papers or records

are kept.

Ca'rtwrioht. n. f. [from cart and
•Wright.] A maker of carts.

Alter local names, the mod name; hive been
derived from occupations or profelCons ; as, Tay-
lor, Potter, Smitli, Cariiorigbt. CamMnS Rtmains.

To CARVE, v. a. [ceoppan. Sax, ierven,

Dutch.]
1 . To cut wood, or Hone, or other matter,
into elegant forms.

Talcing tiie very refufe, he hath carved it di-
ligently when he had nothing dfe to do.

ty.Jdtm, xiii. 1 3.
Hal Democrates really carved mount Athos
into a ftatie of Alexander the Great, and had the
ni.mfry of the faft been obliterated by fome ac-
tiucnt, who could aftcrwarils have proved it im-
p-iTibk, but that it might cafually have been ?
_ Ben:lcy.

z. To cat meat at the table.

3. To make any thing by carving or cut-
ting.

Yet fearing idlenefs, the nurfe of ill.
In fculpture cxercis'd his happy Ikill j
And carvj in ivory fuch a maid lo fair,
A' nature could not with his art compare,
W.re Ihe t., work. ^ j^_

4. 10 engrave.

■ O Rofalind, thefe trees (hall be my books.
And in their barks my thoughts IM charafter ;

That every eye, which in this foreft looks,
Shall fee thy virtue witnefaM every where.
Run, run, Orlando, carve on every tree
Tiie fair, the chaftc, the unejtf rsfli« flie. Siak.

CAS

5. To diftribute; to apportion; to pro-
vide at will.

He had been a keeper of his flocks both from
the violence of robbers and his own foldiers, who
could eafily have carved themfclves their own
'ood. South.

How dares finful duft and aflies invade the pre-
rogjti\e of Providence, and carve out to himfelf
the feafons and iffiies of life and death ? Siutb.

The labourers' fliare, being feldom more than a
bare fubfiftence, never allows that body of men
opportunity to ftrugjie with the richer, unlefs when
fome common and great diftrefs emboldens tliem
to fdro/f to their wants. . Lcckc.

6. To cut ; to hew.

Or they will buy his (heep forth of the cote,
Or they will carve the ihcplierd'i throat.

Sfenfer's Pajlorofs.

Brave Macbeth, with his brandilh'd Reel,
Like valour's minion, canied out his paffage. Slak.

To Carve, -v. n.

1 . To exercife the trade of a fculptor.

2. To perform at table the office of fup-
plying the comj)any from the dirties.

1 do mean to make love to Ford's wife j I fpy
entertainment in her; (he difcourfcs, flic carva,
(he gives the leer of invitation,

Shakejpcarc's Merry ff^ives of iVindJor.

Well then, things handfomely were ferv'd ;
My miftrefs for the ftrangers carv'd. Prior.

Ca'rvel. n./. A fmall fhip.

I gave them order, if they found any Indians

there, to f^-nd in the little fly-boat, or the carve/,

into the river; for, with our great (hips, we durft

not approach the coall. Raleigh.

Ca'rver. n. f. [from f art//.]

1. A fculptor.

All arts and artifts Thefeus could command.
Who fold for hire, or wrought for better fame j
The mafter painters and the carvers came. Drydeti.

2. He that cuts up the meat at the table.

Meanwhile thy indignation yet to raife.
The carver, dancing round each difli, furveys
With flying knife, and, as his art direfts.
With proper geftarea cv'ry fowl diir-fts. Dryd;r:.

3. He that apportions or diftributes at will.

In this kind, to come in braiing arms.
Be his own carver, and cut out his wav.
To nnd out right with wrongs it may not be.

Shakcjf care's Richard II.

We are not the carvers of our own fortunes,

, h'Eflratlgr.

Ca RViNG, It./, [from fflri;^ .] Sculpture;
figures carved.

1 hey can no more laft Uke the ancients, than
excellent carTiiu^j in wood like thofe iu marble and
''"'»• . Tempk.

The hds are ivy, grapes in cluflers lurk
Beneath the carving uf the curious work.

Drycien^s y-rgil,

Caru'ncle. n. /. [caruncula, Lat.] A
fmall protuberance of flelh, either na-
tural or morbid.

Caruncles arc a fort of loofe flelh arifing in the
urethra by the erofion made by virulent acid mit-
'"• ^ lyij^man

CARTA'TES. \ n. /. [{romCary a, z city
CARYAriDES. \ taken by the Greeks,
who led away the women captives ; and,
to perpetuate their flavery, repreiented
them in buildings as charged with bur-
dens.] An order of columns or piiafters,
under the figures of women drelfed in
long robes, ferving to fupport entabla-
tures. ' Chambers.
Casca'de. n.f. [cafcade, Fr. cajcata, hal.
from cajcare, to fall.] A cataraft; a
water-fall.

Rivers diverted from their native courfc,
And bound witii cJuijw of anilicial force,

CAS

from large cafcadei in plealing tumult roli'd.
Or rofe through figur'd (lone, or breathing gold.

Prior,
The river Teverone throws itfelf down a preci-
pice, and falls by feveral cascades from one rock to
another, till it gai:ii the bottom of the valley.

Addijcn,

CASE. n. f. [caiffe, Fr, a box.]

1. Something that covers or contains any
thing elfe ; a covering ; a box ; a
fhcath.

O cleave, my fides !
Heart, once be ftronger than thy continent,
Crack thy frail ca[e.

^ Shakefp, Antmy and Cleofatrer,
Each thought was vilible that roli'd within.
As through a cryftal caje the fijjur'd hours are fecn.-

Dryden.
Other caterpillars produced maggots, that im-
mediately made themfclves up in cafes.

Ray on the Creatitn,
The body is but a cafe to this vehicle.

Brorjme on the Odyjfey,
Juft then ClarifTa drew, with tempting giacc,
A two edg'd weapon from her fliining caJe. Pofe,

2. The outer part of a houfe or building.

The cafe of the hcly houfe is nobly defigned, ''
and executed by grc.it m'afters. Addifn on Italy.

3. A building unfurnifhed.

He had a purpofe likewife to raife, in the uni-
verfity, a fair cafe for books, and to furnilh it with
choice colleflions from all parts, at his own charge.

Worroff.
Case-knife, n.f. [from ca/e and ini/e.}
A large kitchen knife.

The king always ads with a great cafe-ku'fk
ftuck in his girdle, which the lady fnatches from>
him in the llrugglc, and fo defends herlclf.

jiddifor on Irjlv..

Case-shot. ». / [from ca/e zad^fhot'.]
Bulltts inclofed in a cafe.

In each feven fmall brafs and leather guns,
charged with cafe-jhot. Clarendon.

CASE. n. f. [csfiis, Lat.]

1. Condition with regard to out.vard cir-
cumrtances.

Unworthy wretch, tjuothjie, of fo great grace,.
Ilriw da'r I think fu;h glory to attain?

'i'hefe that have It attain'd were in like cafcy
Qi;ith he, as wretched, and liv'd in like pain.

Fairy Siii»n.-
Qoeftinn your royal thoughts, moke the cafe
yours j
Be now a fathcr,and propofe a fon. Shak. Hen. IV.

Some knew the face.
And all had heard the much lamented cafe. Dryden.
Thcfe were the circumftances under which the
Corinthians then were ; and the argument which
the spoftle advances, is intended to reach their par-
ticular «/«. Atierbuiy..
My youth may he made, as it never fails in ox-
ecutions, a cafe of compalTion,

Pafc's Preface to his Works,

2. State of things.

He faith, that if there can be found fuch. aii'
m,-(juality between nia.i and man, as between man'
an 1 beaft, or b.tween foul and body, it inveileth a
right of governmc'it ; which fecmeth rather an
impoHibie cfc, than an untrue fjntence. Bacon,

Here was the cafe ; an aimy of Eiiglilh, wartod
and tired with a loijg. winter's fie^c, engaged an
army of a greater number than thcmlelves, frcfli
and in vigour. 1 Bacon.

I can but be a Have wherever 1 am ; fo that
taken or not taken, 'tis all a cafe to me.

L'EJlrange,

They are excellent in order to certain ends; he
hath no need to ufe them, as the cafe now Hands,
being provided for with theprovifion of an angeli

Taylor's Holy Living.

Your parents' did not produce you much into the
world, whereby you have fewer ill impreflions j but
they failed, as is generally the cafe, in too much
ne^loAing to cuUivite your miad. Sivft.

3- (ir^

CAS

3. [Tn phyfick.] State of the body ; ftate
of the difeafe.

It was well j for we had r»thcr met with calms
tnd contrary winds, tliaii any icmpcfts ; for our
Cck were many, aud in very ill caff Bacon.

Chalybeate wati-r fcems to be a proper remedy in
hypochondriacal «/«. Arludict ir Alimenli.

4.. Hirtory of a difeafe.

5. The Hate of fafts juridkally confiderad :
as the lawyers cited many cafes in their
pleas.

It" be he not apt to beat over matters, and ;o cali

upone thing to prove an 1 illufttaa another, let him

. »udy the lawyer. . «/•! ; fo every dslVrt of the m"n.i

may hive » fpccial receipt. Bacon i EJiyt.

6. In ludicrous language, condition with
regard to leannefs or fat. in cafe, v,
I i<J}y .or fat.

ihou Ijcft, mod ignorant monftcr, 1 am hcajc
to Juftle a conftable. Shtkcf /tore's Ttmpt/I.

i'r.iy have but laticnce till then, and when 1
am in little better cej'e, I'll throw mjlelf in the very
mouth of you. i"£/J/a»g..

Quoth R^ilph, I ftiould not, if I were
7b caji for aftion, now be here. HuMhras.
For if the fire be faint, or out of caff.
He will be copy'd in his famifli'd race. Dry J, Virg.
The prieft was pretty well in cafe.
And (hew'd fome humour in his face;
Loolc'd with an eafy carelefs m;cn,
A perfcfl frranger to the fpleen. S-Mift.

7. Contingence ; poflible event.

The ai:heift, in cafe things (hould fall out con-
trary to his lielief or eipeilation, hath iriade no
provifion for this cafe; if, contrai7 to his confi-
dence, it (hould prove in the illuc that there is a
Cod, the man is loft and undone for ever. Tillo'fon.

8. Queftion relating to particular perfons
or things.

Well GO 1 find each man moft wife in his own
cafe. Siir.ey.

It is ftrangc, that the ancient fathers Ihould not
appeal to this judge, in all cafes, it being fo (hort
and expedite a way for the,ending of controverfies.

Tilititfim.

9. Reprefentation of any faft or queftion.

10. The variation of nouns.
The feveral changes which the noun undergoes

in the Latin and Greek tongues, in the feveral
numbers, arc called cafes, and are defigncd to cx-
prefs the feveral views or relations under which
the mind confidcrs things with regard to one ano-
ther ; and the variation of the noun for this
purpofe is called decleiifion. Clark's Latin CUam.

11. In cafe. [/'» cafo, Ital.] If it fliould
happen ; upon the fuppofition that : a
form of fpeech now little ufed.

For in caje it be certain, hard it cannot be for
them to (hew U5 where we (hail find it ; that we
may (iiy thefe were the orders of the apoftles.

Hoiker.
A fure retreat to his forces, in cafe they thculd
have an ill day, or unlucky char.cein thefi-ld.

Bacon's Henry VII.
This would he the accomplilhment of their com-
mon felicity, in cafe, either by their evil deltiny
or advice, they fuifered not the occafion to be loft.

^ Hay^vard.

To Case. i». a. [from the noun.]
I . To put in a cafe or cover.

Ctft yc, cafe ye ; on wiih your vizours ; there '5
money of the king's coming do.vn the hill.

Shakffpearc's Henry IV.
The cry went one; tor thee,
And ftjlUt might, and yet i; may again,
if tiiotl'would'ft not entumb thyleli alive,
And cafe thy repoution in a tent.

Slaicffeare't Iniht and Crtfftda.
L'lke a fall'n cedar, far diffus'd his train,
CM'd 'uLfteen fcales, the ctocodUc extends.

thmftn.

CAS

z. I'o cover as a cafe.

Then cumes my lit again ; I bad tl& bota fcr-

fca.

As broad and gen'ial >l the eajifg air.

Shakjjieare'i Maclei'a.

3. To cover on the outfide with materials
different from the infide.

Then they began to cafe their houfes with mar-
ble. A'-tulbnot.

4. To ftrip off the covering ; to take off
the fkin.

We'll make you f»me fport wi»J> the fox VK we
cifft him. Hhakrfpcc:-'' I All's •a.'eil that mil tee//-

To Case. -v. n. To put cafus ; to contrive
rcpreletitations of tads: a ludicrous ule.

They fell prefently to reafunfng and cufiag upon
tlie matter with him, and laying diltinQions bcfute
him. L'Bftrargt.

•Ta Caseha'rden. v. a. [ftora cafe and
hariien.'] To harden on the outfide.

The manner of cafclariiening i: tJms : Take
cow horn 01 hoof, dry it tlwroughly in an even,
then beat it to powder ; put about tlie laiue quan-
tity of bay fait to it, and mingle them together
with (Ule chaniberlye, or cUc wi-.ite wine vinegar.
Lay fome of this mixture upon loam, acd cover
your iron all over with it ; then wrap the loam
about all, and lay it upon the hearth of the forge
to dry and harden. Put it into the fire, and blow
up the coals to it, till the whole lump have juft a
blood-red heat. Mi>x<,n's Mectan. Excrcifes.

Ca'semate. »./. [from cafaarma/a,lta.].

. cafamata. Span, a vault formerly made
to leparate the platforms of the lower
and upper batteries.]

1. [In fortification.] A kind of vault or
arch of ftone-work, in that part of the
fian^ of a baftion next the curtin, (ome-
what retired »r drawn back towards the
capital of the baftion, ferving as a bat-
tery to defend the face of the oppofite
baftion, and the moat or ditch. Chamt.

2. The well, with its feveral fubterra-
neons branches, dug in the paffage of
the baftion, till the miner is heard at
work, and air given to the mine. Harris.

Ca'sement. «. /. [cafam(«to, lul.] A
window opening upon hinges.

Why, then may you have a caftment of the great
chamber window, whcie we pbv, open, and the
moon may ftiine in at the caftment.

Sl'ahffeare'i Midfummer Night's Dream.
Here in this world they do much knowledge reaJ,
And a.e the cafcmenii wnich admit molt Ij^ht.

De'vies.
They, waken'd with the noife, did fly
From ioward room to window eye,
And gently op'ning lid, the cafment,
Look'd out, but yet with fome amazement.

Hudibras.

There is is much difference between the c'.cai-

reprefcntations of the undcrftandlng then, and the

obfcurc difcuverics that it a.akcs now, as tiierc is

between the profpcft of a cafement and a keyhole.

Soiiik.

Ca'seous. aiij. [cafeus, Lat.] Refcmbling
cheefe ; cheefy-

Its lib.ous parts are from the caftcus parts of the
chvle. FUycr en tie Humjurs.

Ca'sern. n. f [caftrne, Fr.] A little
room or lodgement erefted between the
rampart and the boufes of fortified towns,
to lervc as apartments or lodgings for
the foldiers of the garrilbn, with beds.

Harris.
Ca'seworm. ti.f [from ra/J and au»/-/w.]
A grub that makes itfelf a cafe.
Cadilts, Of cajeviarms, *re to be tound in this

CAS

nation, in feveral diftinft counties, tad In fevcrtl
little brookt. Fkytr,

CASH. »./ [caift, Fr. a cheft.] Monty ;
properly ready money ; money in th«
cheft, or at hand.

A thief, bent to unhoard the cafh
Of fome ricn buigher. Paradife LJt.

He is at »t\ end of all his cafh, he has both Lit
law and his daily bread now upm truft.

Ariuihi:st'i yoh* Bull.
He fent the thief, that ftole the cafh, away.
And puRi(h'd him that put it in his way. J'lft.
Ca'sh-keepe R. »./ [from caJl and iuf.}
A man entrulled with the money.

Difpenfator was ptopeily t cafi>-kte^er, or privy,
purfc jirhu'kmit en Ceinsm

Ca'shewnut. w. / a tree that bears
nuts, not with ftiells, but huflts. Miller.

Cashi'er. n.f. [from cafi.] He that has
charge of the money..

If a llcward or cafhier be fuifered to run OB,
without bringing him to a reckoning, fuch a fotiilh
forbearance will teach him to (hufik. Stuth.

A Venetian, finding his fon's expences grow
very high, ordered hi^ easier to let him have no
more money than what he ihould count whea he
received it. Locke.

Flight of cafhiers, or mob«, he'll never mind ;
And knows no lofles, while the mufc is kind. Pope.
To Cashi'er. -y. a. [cajer, Fr. cajfarc,
Lat.]

1. To difcard ; to difmifs from a poft,
or a fociety, with reproach.

Does 't not go well >. Caffio hath beaten thee.
And thou by that Imall hurt hall cafhier' dQiiVso.

Sbaktfpcare.

Seconds in faftions many times prove principals ;
but many times aifo they prove cyphers, and are
cajhiired. Bacon,

If i had omitted what he f.M, his thoughts and
words being thus ca/hier'd ia my hands, he had no
lunger been Lucretius. DryJcn.

They have already cafiieied feveral of their fol-
lowers as mutineers. Addifon's FrecboUer, ^

The ruling rogue, who dreads to be cafbierd.
Contrives, as he is hated, to be fear'd. S^icft.

2. It feems, in the following paffages,
to fignify the fame as to annul ; to va-
cate : which is fulHciently agreeable to
the derivation.

If we (hould find a father corrupting his fon,
or a mother her daughter, we muft charge this
upon a peculiar anomaly and bafcnefs of nature ;
if the name of nature may be allowed to that
which feems to be atur cajbiering of it, and deviap
tion from, and a contradidlion to, the common
principles of humanity. Sontb.

Some lafhiit, or at Icaft endeavour to invalidate,
all other arguments, and forbid us t» hearken to
thofe pioofs, as weak or fallacious. Lockf.

Cask. n.f. [cafque, Fr. caJus, Lat.]

1 . A barrel ; a wooden veffel to ftop up
liquor or provifions.

Tlie patient turning himfelf ab^d, it makes a
fluduating kind of noife, like the rumbling of
water in a irii^. Hamcj.

Perhaps to-motrow he may change his wine,
And drink old fparkling Alban, or Setine,
Wh ofe title, and whofr age, with mould o'ergrown,
The good old cafk for ever keeps unknown. Dryd.

2. It has cafk in a kind of plural fenfe, to
fignlfy the commodity or provifion of
calks.

Great inconveniencles grow by the bad cafli be.

ing commonly (0 ill feafoned and conditioned, ns

that a great part of the beer is ever loft and caft

a«ay. Rahij^h.

Cask. \ n.f. [cafque, Fr. caffis, Lat.]

Casc^e. J A helmet; armour for the

head : a poetical word.

*^ Let

CAS

Let thy Mows, doubly redon'olcd,
Fail like amazing thunder on th« cafjue
Oi thy pernicious enemy. Sbakefptcre-

Ani tV.cfe
Sling weighty ftones, when Iram afar they fight j
Their cajques are cork, ■ covering thick and light.

Prydeti.
Why does tie load with darts
His tremHing hands, and crufli beneath i cajk
His wrinkled brows ? jiddifon.

Ca'sket. 71./. [a diminutive of caiji,
a. cheft, Fr. cafe, caffftu.'\ A fmall
box or cheft for jewels, or things of

*^ particular value.

They found him dead, and cad into the ftreets,
An empty rfl/Sff , where the jewel, life.
By fome diinn'd hand was robbd and ta'en away.

Shekejpeart.

0 ignorant poor man ! what d»ft thou bear
Lock'J up wilhin the cnjitt of thy breaft ?
What jewels and what riches haft thou there ?
What heav'nlytreafurein fo weak a cheft? Dav'm.

Mine eye hath found that fad fepuichral reck,
That wa5 the cajket of heav'n'a richeft ftore. Milt.

That had by chance pack'd up hii choiccft trea-
fure
Ic one dear <afiti, and fav'd only that. Ottvay.

This cajket India's glowing gems unlocks,
And all Arabia breathes from yonder box. Pcpt.

To Ca'sket. -v. a. [from the noun.] To
put in a cafket.

1 have writ my letters, cajlttid my treafure, and
given order for oor horfts. Slakeffxarf,

Cassamuka'ir. «./. An aromatick ve-

fetable, being a fpecies of galangal,
rought from the Eaft, a nervous and
ftomachick fimple. ^incy.

To Ca'ssate. t. a. [cajjfir, Fr. cajfare,
low Lat.] To vacate; to invalidate j to
make void ; to nullify.

This opinion fuperfedei and eajpitn the beft me-
dium we have. Riiy on tit Creaticv^

Casja'tion. ». /. [cafuiot Lat.] A
making null or void. Diff.

Ca'ssavi. 7 "■/• A plant. It is culti-

Ca'ssada. 3 vated in all the warm parts
of America, where the root, after being
diveiled of its milky juice, is ground to
flour, and then made into cakes of
bread. Of this there are two forts.
The mod common has purplith ftalks,
with the veins and leaves of a parpljfh
colour ; but the ftalks of the other are
green, and the leaves of a lighter green.
The laftfort is not venomous, even when
the roots are frefh and full of juice ;
which the negroes frequently dig up,
roaft, and eat, like potatoes, without
any ill eiFedts. MiUer.

Ca'ssaware. See Cassiowary.

Ca'ssia. ». yl A fweet fpice mentioned
by Mr/es, Ex. xx.r. 24. as an ingredient
in the compofition of the holy oil, which
was to be made ufe of in th*; confe-
cration of the I'acred veflTels of the ta-
bernacle. This aromatick i^faid to be
the bark of a tree very like cinnamon,
and grows in lh« Indies without being
cultivated. Calmet.

All ihy garment* fmeil of myrrh, nlcrs, ami
tKnia. yjalm n\\.l.

Cassia, n.f. The name of a tree.

It hath a ryl-nJrical, 1 ,ng, taper, or Cat po.J,
d'.v I'd into many crlls by ttanfverfe diaph-jjjms ;
in r^.cti of which is Contained one haid Iced
J" ..;t<;, i.s the moft part, io a cUtnmy biack fub-

CAS

ftance, which is purgative. The flowers have five
leaves, difpofed orbicularly. Miller.

Ca'ssi DON Y, or StUkadore. n.f. [Jiotchm,

Lat.] The name of a plant.
Ca'ssiowary. n.f. A large bird of prey

in the Eaft Indies.

I have a clear idea of the relation of dam and
chick, between the two caJJii-iatrUs in St. James's
park. Lorki.

Ca'ssock. n.f. [cafaqttf, Fr.] A clofe
garment ; now generally that which
clergymen wear under their gowns.

Half dare not ihake the fnow from off theii
(a£''icks, left they Ihake themfclves to pieces.

ahikeffiarr.

His fcanty falary tompelled him to run deep in
debt for a new gown and cajock, and now ind then
forced him to write fome paper of wit or humour,
or preach a ferraon for ten Ihillings, to fufply his
neceffides. Siuifr.

Ca'ssweed. tt./. A common weed, other-
wife ciUedJhi/iierd's pouch.

To CAST. -v. a. preter. cafi ; particip.
pair. cafi. [kafier, Danilh.] This is a
word of multifarious and indehnitc ufe.

1. To throw with the hand.

I rather chufe to endure the wounds of thofe
darts, which envy cajietb at novelty, than to go on
fafeiy and fieepiljr in the eafy ways of aacient mif-
takings. Raleigh.

They bad compalTed in his hoft, and cap darts
at the peuple frotn morning till evening.

1 Macc^ vii. 80.
Then cafi thy fword away.
And yield thee to my mercy, or I ftrike.

Dryden and Lte.

2. To throw away, as ufelefs or noxious.

If thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and
ffl/9 it from thee. Matthew.

3. To throw, as from an engine.

Slings to caj} ftones. Chnvirla-

4. To fcatter by the hand : as, to cafi feed.

Caji the duft into the brook. Dcutcrommy.

5. To force by violence.

CaJi them inEO the Red Sea. Exodus.

Cttji them into another land. Deuteimomy .

6. Tofhcd.

Nor fhall your vine cafl her fruit. Mjlaihf.

7. To throw from a nigh place.

Bear Itim to tl>e rock Tarpcian, and from thence
In;o dertruflion CiT,'? him. Shakeff>eare*sCoriolanui.

8. To throw as a net or fnare.

I fpeak for your own profit, not that I may ciij!
a fnare upon you. 1 Ccr, vii. 3^.

9. To drop ; to let fall.

They Jet down the boat into the fea, as though
they W'luld have c^Jl anchor. j^fli, xxvii. 30.

10. To throw dice, or lots.

Ani Jolhua laf lots for them in Shiloh.

'Jopua, xviii. 10.

1 1. To fhrmv, in wrellling.

And 1 think, being too ftror.g for him, though
he took my legs fomctime, yet 1 made a Ihift to
caji hin. Hhakejpeare.

1 2. To throw, as worthlcfs or hateful.

His carca'.'i: wi> n.Jl in the way. thrtniihi.

His friends contend to embalm his body j his
eriemits, that they may caj} it i> the do^s.

Poje^s i^J/tiy if Homer.

13. To drive by violence of weather.

F^owbcit we muft be cajl upon a certain ifland.

^ieli.

What length of lands, what ocean have you

pafs'd.

What ftnrms fuftain'd, and on what (hore been

f,i/7 ? Drjdtn.

14. To emit.

This lumes off in the calcination of th- (lone,
and ciijis a fulphurc^ius I'mcll. IVoodtu.Trd.

15. To bring fuddcnly or unexpedUdly.

CAS

Content tJicmfelves with that wiiich was the
irremediable error of former time, or the necertity
of the prpfent hath cafi upon thcra. Htcker.

16. To bt'ild by throwing up earth; to
raife.

And (hooting in the earth, cajls up a mount of
ciay. Spenfcri Fairy ^een.

Thine enemies (hall caj! a trench about th''c.

Luke.
The king of Afl'yria (hall not come into this
city, nor (hoot an arrnw there, nor come before it
with Ihield, nor Crt/? a bank againft it.

2 Kingt, xix. 31.
At length BarbarolTa having fa/? up his trenches,
landed fitty-four pieces of artillery for battei-y,

Knolles^s mjicry.
Earth-worms will come forth, and moles will
cofi up more, and fleas bite moie, againft rain.

Bec'tii Nmtiral Uijtory,

17. To put into or out of any certain
ftate, with the notion of defcent, or
depreffion : as, the king was cafi from
his throne.

Jefus had heard that John was cajf loto prifoii.

liiaultv.

At thy rebuke both the chariot and horfe ate

caj} into a dead (leop. P,,;'m Ixxvi. 6.

18. To condemn in a criminal trial.

But oh, that treacherous bieaft ! to wlu'in weak
you
Did truft our counfels, and we both may rue.
Having his falfehnod found too late, 'twas he
That made me caji you guilty, and you me. Define*-

We take up with the moft incompetent wit-
ncfTes, nay, often fuborn our own furmifes and
jealoulies, that we may be fure to ct/I the unhappy
criminal. Go'vernment of the Tongue,

He could not, in this forlorn cife, have made
ufe of the very laft plea of a cafi criminal ; nor fo
much as have cried, Mercy ! Lord, mercy ! Souths

There then we met; both tried, and botli were

c-jl ;

And this irrevocable fentence paft. Drydyr,

19. To overcome or defeat in a law fuit.
[froin cafier, French.]

The northern men were agreed, and in c:f!'c&!
all the other, to cafi our London efcheatour.

Cttmdcn* Rcmaintt

Were the cafe referred to any compete.it judge,
they would inevitably be caji. Decay oj Piety r,

20. To defeat.

No ma.-tial projeft to furprife.
Can ever be attempted twice;
Nor cafi dejign i'crve afterwards.
As gamcrters tear their lofing cards. liudiUau

21. To caftiier.

■/ou are but now cafi in his mood, a puni(hnient
more in policy than in malice; even fo as one
would beat his o/fcncelefs dog, to aft'right an im-
perious linn. Shakejpeare.

22. To leave behind in a race.

In (hort, fo Iwifc your judgments turn and wind,
Vou cafi our fleeted wits a mite behind. Vrydtn.

23. To (hed ; to let fall ; to lay afide f
to moult ; to change for new.

Our chariot loft her ■'.heels, their points our
fpears.
The bird of conqvicft her chief feather cafi. Vairf,

Of plants fome arc green all winter, others c„/?
their leaves. Bacoti^s Natural Hifinry,

The cafiing oP the (kin i , by the ancients,
con-pared t.> the breaking of tlie fcundine, or
cawl, b'lt not righfly j for that were to make
every cafiing of the (kin a new birih : and bcddes,
the fecundine is but a general cover, not (haped
according to the parts, but the (k4n is ihaped ac.
cording to riic parts. The crcaturi'S that cafi the
Ikio, are the fnake, the viper, the gralshopper, the
lizard, the ftllcworiti, Wr. Bacmt

O fertile head, which ev*ry year

Cou! :! <'<tc\\ ? crop of wonders be^ir!

Wi.i^h ijii^S" it licver have been tafif

Each -jCii:: growth added to the bit,

"■ The

CAS

Tlic lofty !>iiincht»li»d fupply'i!

The earth's bold Ions proiiigious pride. Waller.

The waving harvrft bends bfneath his blaft,
•The toreft (hakes, the groves their honours cafi,

Drydtn.

From hencr, my lord, and Iovp, I thus conclude,
' That though my homely anceftors wtre rude.
Mean a. I am, jet may I liave the grace
To make yiu father of" a generous race :
«And noble then am 1, when 1 bvgin.
In vhtuc cloth'd, to teji the rags of /in. Drydn.

The ladies have been in a kind of inotiltin^
fcafon, having ca!l great quantities of ribbon and
cambrick, and reduced the human figuie to iht
beautiful globular form. Mrlifin

24. To lay afide, as fit to be ufed or worn
no longer.

So may rajl poets write ; there '» no pretenfion
To argue lofs of wit, from Icfs of penfion. Dryden.

He hai ever been of opinion, that givi.'ig cof:
clothes to be vfjrn by valets, has a very ill effefl
upon little minds. . Aidijon.

25. To have abortions ; to bring forth be-
fore the time.

Thy ewes and thy /he-goats have not cafi their
young. Centfii.

26. To make to preponderate ; to decide
by overbalancing; to give overweight.

Which being inclined, not conllrained, contain
witliin theiT'.felves the cajiing acS, and a power to
command theconcluiion. Brown^s Vulgar Err,

How much intereft cefii the balance in cafes
dubious. South,

Life and death are equal in themfelves.
That which could caft the balance, is thy fal/hood.

Dryden.

Not many years ago, it fo happened, that a
coblcr had the cajiing vote for the life of a cri-
minal, which he very g acioudy gave on the mer-
ciful fide. Addiji.n tn Italy,
Suppofe your eyes fent equal rays

Upon two diftant pots of ale;

In this fad Itate, your doubtful choice

Would never have the eajlitig voice. Prior,

27. To compute ; to reckon ; to calculate.
Hearts, tosgues, jlgurCf fcribes, bards, poets,

cannot
Think, fpeak, caftt write, fing, number, ho !
His love to Antony. Sbokcf^eare.

Here is now the fmith's note for ihoeing and
plow-irons.— I.et it be eaji and paid. Shakeffeare.

You ceiji th' event of uar, my noble Lord,
And fumm'd th' account of chance, before you

faid,
\£t us make head. Shakefjpeare,

The beft way to reprefent to life the manifold
ufe of friend (hip, is to cajl and fee howmany things
there are, which a man cannot do iiimfelf.

Bacort'i EJ/ays'

I have lately been cajlinr in my thoughts the
frveral unhappinefies of lite, and com;;aring the
infelicities of (dd age to thofc of infancy, jiddijc,

28. To contrive ; to pkn out.

The cloifter facl-x; the S luth is covered with
vines, and would have been proper for an orange-
hoUfef and had, 1 doubt not, been cap for that
purpofc, if this piece of gardening had been then
in as much vogue as it is now. ^'fmfle.

29. To judge ; to confider in order to
judgment.

If thou couldrt, dodor, caff
The water of my land, find her difeafc.
And purge it to a found and priftine health,
) would applaud thee. Sbaiefpeare,

Peace, brother, be not over exquifite
To (afi the f.</hion of uncertain evils. Miltsn.

JO. To fix the parts in a play.

Our parts in v.p other *orld will be new caji,
)u\d mankind will be there ranged in different Na-
tions of fuiariorijy. Addtfon.
51. To glance ; to dire£b: applied to the
eye or mjiid.

CAS

A loftl wandering by the vixy.
One that to bounty never eafi his mind \

Ne thought of heaven ever did afTay, -

His bafer brcaft. Speafer.

Zelmanes'i languifhing countenance, with crolf-

ed arms, and fumecimes cafi up eyes, ihe thought

to have an excellent grace. Hidney,

As he pad along,
How earneftly he (aft his eyes upon me ! Shakijp.

Be^in, aufpicious boy, to caft about
Thy jnfmt eyes, and, with a fipilc, thy mother
lingle out. Drydcn's Virgil-

fir eallward caft thine eye, from whence the (an ,
-And orient fcicncr, at a birth begun. Pope's Dun.
He then led me to the rock, and, placing me on
the top of it, Caft thy eyes eaitward, faid be, aid
tell me what thou feed. yirldifi".

32. To found ; to form by running in a
mould.

When any fuch ctirioui work of filver is to be
(aft, as requires that the imprelfi n of hairs, or
very (lender lines, be taken of? by the metal, it is
not enough that the filver be barely malted, but it
muft be kept a cunfiderable while in a flrong fufir>n.

Boyle,

How to build Ihips, and dreadful ordnance caft,
Jnlh-uft the artift. Waller.

The father's grief reftrain'd his art ;
He twice elTay'd to caft his fon in gold,
Twice from his hands he drepp'd the forming
mould. Dryden.

33. To melt metal into figures.

Yon' crowd, he might refieil, yon joyful crowd
With reftlcfs rage would pull my ftatue down,
And caft the brafs anew to his renown. Prior,
i This was but as a refiner's fire, to purge out the
drofs, and then caft the mafs again into a new
mould. Burnetts Theory,

34. To model ; to form by rule.'

We may take a quarter of a mile for the com-
mon mcafure of the depth of the fea, if it were c<i^
into a channel of an equal depth every where.

Btunct's Ihtory of the Earth,
Vnder this influence, derived from mathema-
tical Audits, fome have been tempted to caft all
their logical, their metaphyfical, and their theolo-
gical and moral learning into this method.

JVatts's Lcgick,

35 . To communicate by reflexion or ema-
nation.

So bright a fplendour, fo divine a grace.
The glorious Daphnii cafts on his illullrious race.

Dryden.
We may happen to find a fairer light m^ over
the fame fcriptures, and fee reafon to alter our
fcntiments even in fome paints of moment.

JVatti on the Mind.

36. To yield, or give up, without rcferve
or condition.

The reafon of mankind cannot fuggeO^any fdlid
ground of fatisfjOion, but in makng God our
friend, and in carrying a confcience io clear, as
may encourage us, with confidence, to caft ourfelvcs
upon hi»m. South,

37. To inflift.

The wjrid is apt to caft great blame on thofe
who have an indiffercncy for opinions, cfpecially in
religion. Leckc.

38. To caft afide. To difmifs as ufdefs or
inconvenient.

Ihave bought
Golden opinions from all Pirt of people.
Which would be worn now in tli'-ir newcfl glofs.
Not taft afide fo fooii. Shakejptare,

39. To caft antiay. To ftiipwreck.
Sir Francis Drake, and John Thomas, meeting

IJo
Job

with a ftorm, it thruft John Thomas upon the
illands to the South, where be was caft atvay,

Raleigh I Effap

His father Philip had, by like mifhao, been like

to have been iaji aivay upon the coaft of England.

Knolless Hftwy of the Turks.

With pity mov'd tor others caft atvay

On rocks of hope and fears. Rofcmmon,

CAS

But now our fcarj tempeftuous grawr,

And caft cur hopes <iu>iiy j
Whilft you, regardlefs of our woe.

Sit ca^^elefs at a play. Dorfrt.

40. To caft anuay. To lavifli ; to wafte in
profufion ; to turn to no ufe.

1 hey that want means to nourifh children, will
abliain from marriage ; or, which is all one, they
caft av)ay their bodies upon rich old women.

Rtttigh'i Efayu

France, haft thou yet more blood to caft atvay t
Say, (hail the current of our right run ou ^ Sbak*

He might be filent, and nut caft antay
H 1 fentences in vain. Ben Jonfim*

0 Maicia, O my filter ! ftill there's hope.
Our father will not caft cnvay a life

S J needful to us all, and to his country.

Melijtn'i Can,

41. 7i caft anuay. To ruin.

It is no impofiibic thing'for dates, by an over-
fight in fome one a^ or treaty between them and
their potent oppofites, utterly to caft avaay t'em-
felves for ever. Hooker,

42. To caft by. To rejedl or diOnifs, with
negleft or hate.

Old Capuler, and Montague,
Have made Verona's ancient citizens
Caft by their grave befceming ornaments. Shakcjf,
When men, prefuming themfelves to be the only
mafters of right reafon, caft by the votes and opi-
nions of the reft of mankind, as not worthy of
reckoning. Locke,

43. To caft down. To rejeft ; to deprefs
the mind.

We 're not the firit,
Who, with beft meaning, hare incurr'd the worft :
For thee, opprellcd king, I am caft do^vn ;
Mjfelf could clfe outfrown falfe fortune's frown.

Shakeffeare.
The beft w.iy will be to let him fee you are much
caft doitin, and affliiied, for the ill opinion he en-
tertains of you. ■ Addijon,

44. To caft forth. To emit.

He (hall grow as the lily, and caft forth his roots
as Lebanon. Hcjea,

45. To caft forth. To ejefl.

1 caft forth all the houfehold ftufF. Nehemiah,
They caft me forth into the fea. yonah.

46. To caft off. To difcard ; to put away.

The prince wilTjin the perfedlnefs of time,
Ca^ 0^ his followers. Shake/pare.

Caft me not 0^ in the time of old age. Pfalmu
He led me on to mightieft deeds.
But now hath caft me off, as never known. Milton,

How ! not call him father ? I fee preferment
alers a man ftrangely i this may fcrve me for an
ufe of inftruftion, to caft off my fathtr, when I
am great. ' Dryden,

I long to clafp that haug'ity maid.
And bend her ftubborn virtue to my paflion :
When 1 have gone thus far, I'd caft her off. AdJ'if,

47. To caft off. To rejetft. '

It is not to be imagined, that a whole fociety
oi men fhould publickly and iprofillcdly difown
and caft off i rule, which they could not but be in-
fallibly certain was a law. Locke,

48. To caft off. To dilburden one's felf of.

All coiifpired in one to caft oj^ their I'ubjeAion
to the crown r»f England. Sf>e^fer*s State of Ireland,

This m.iketh them, through an unweariablc
defire of receiving inftru£tion, Co caft off the care
of thofe very afiairs, which do moft concern their
eflatc. Hooker, Preface.

The true reafon why any man is an atheift, ii
hccaufe he is a wicked man : religion would curb
him in his lufts ; and therefore he cafts \xoff, and
puts all the ii:orn upon it he can. Tilh fon.

Company, in any action, gives credit and coun-
tenance to the agent; and fo much as the finnet
gets of this, fo much he cafts off of (hatne. South,

We (ee they never fail to exert tl emteives, and
to caft off tlie oppreirion, when they feel tlie weight
of iU AJdiJim,

49- n

CAS

49. To iaft off. To leave behind.

Away he Icours crofs the fields, cafis of the
dogs, and gains a wood : but pre/fing through a
thicket, the bulhes held him by the horns, till the
bounds came in, and plucked him down.

50. To cafi off. [a hunting term.] To let go,
or fet free : *3, to cajt offihe dogs'.

q I . To caj} out. To rejeft ; to turn out

S-

of doors.

■ Thy brat hith been taji out, like to itfelf, no
father owning it. Shaieffcarc.

52. Tocajtout. To vent ; tofpeak: with
fome intimation of negligence or vehe-
mence.

Why doft thou cajl mil fuch ungenerous terms
Againll the lords and Ibvereigns of the world ?

MJifon.

53. To caft up. To compute ; to calculate.

Some writers, in cafiin^ itf> the goods rooft de-
lirable in life, have given them chi* rank, health:
beauty, and riches. TimpU.

A man who deCgns to build, is very exacl, as
he fuppofes, in cojiing vf tlic coft beforehand j bur,
generally fpeaking, he is miiiaken in his account.

Drydtn.

54. To caft up. To vomit.

Thou, bcaftly feeder, art fo full of him.
That thou provok'ft chyfclf to cajl him uf. Stat.

Their villainy goes againft luy weak ilomach,
and therefore 1 mull caji it up. ShahJ'pean.

Of that in tirrjc Rome did not cafi
Her errours up, this fortune to prevent ! B. Jcmjtin.

Thy foolifli ei rour find ;
Caji up the poifoa that infetts thy mind. DryJn.

55. To ciji upon. To refer to ; to refign to.

If things were cafi upcn this iflue, that Cod
Ihould never prevent fin till roan dcferved it, the
bid would fin and fin for ever. Smth.

To Cast. v. n,

I . To contrive ; to turn the thoaghts.

Then, clofcly as he might, he cujl to icave
The court, not alking any pafs or leave. Spirfcr,

From that day forth, 1 caft in careful mind.
To feek her out with labour and long time. Spnfer.
We have three that bend thenjfelves, looking
into the experiments of their fellows, and caft
about how to draw out of them things of ufe^id
practice for man's life and knowledge.

Bactm'i Nna jlialamh.
But firft he caftt to change his proper ihape ;
IVhich elfe might work him danger or delay.

Milton.
As a fox, with hot purfuit
Chas'd thro' a warren, caft aboot
To fave his credit. Bujilrai,

All events called cafual, among inanimate ho-
llies, are mechanically produced according Co the
determipate figures, tenturei, and motions of tliofe
bodies, which are not confcious of their own ope.
rations, nor contrive and caft about how to bring
fuch events to pafs. Beyti/ey.

This way asd that I caft to (ave my friends.
Till one refolvc my varying counfel ends. Pope,

2. To admit of a. form, by cafting or melt-
ing.

It comes at the firft fufion into a mafi tliat is
.immediately nnalleable, and will not run thin, fo as
to caft and mould, un'efs mixfd with poorer ore,
or cinders. If^aihuarti on Fojfili.

3. To warp ; to grow out of form.

Stuff is faid to caft or warp, when, by it» own
drought, or moifture of the air, or other accident,
it alters its flatnefs and ftraightnef;.

Af:x«<i'i Michanical Extrcifii.

4. To caft about. To contrive ; to look
•ior means.

Inanimate bodies are not confcioiif of their own
operations, nor contrive and caft about to bring
fur h events to pall. Bcntlcy'i Scrnunu

Cast, n /. [from the verb.]

I. The aft of caiUng or throwing ; a throw, j Ui'e ro»f«'
Vol. I. i

CAS

So when a ibrt of lufty fliepherds throvir
The bar by turns, and none the rcll outgo
So far, but that the reft are meafuring caftt.
Their emulation and their paftime lafts. ffaller.

2. The thing thrown.

Yet all thefe dreadful deeds, this deadly fray,
A cnft of dreadful luft will foon allay. Dry J. f^irg

3. State of any thing caft or thrown.

In his own inftance of cafting ambs-ace, though
it partake more of contingency than of freedom ;
fuppofing the pofitnre of the party's hand, who did
throw the dice ; fuppoCng the figure of the table,
and of the dice themfelves ; fuppofing the meafure
of force applied, and fuppofing all other things
which did concur to the produfticn of that ca^,
to bj the very fame they v/erc, tliere is no doubt
but, in this cafe, the /-a/! is neceffary.

BramhalPs y^njhver to Huh^ics.

Plato compares life to a game at tables ; thcie
what raft we ftall have is not in our power ; but
to manage it well, that is. Norrit.

4.. Manner of throwing.

Some harrow their ground over, and fow wheat
or rye on it with a broad cafI; fome only with a
fingle caft, and fome with a double. Mortimer.

The fpace through which any thing is
thrown.

And he was withdrawn from them about a
ftone's caft, and kneeled down aud prayej. Luke.

. A ftroke ; a t*uch.

We have them all with one voice for giving him
a caft of their court prophecy. Stmtk.

Another cjft of their politicks, was that of en-
deavouring to impeach an innocent lady, for lier
faithful and diligent fervicc of the queen. Stvift,

This was a caft of Wood's politicks ; for his in-
formation was wholly falfe and grnundlefs. Stoift.

. Motion of the eye; direftion of the eye.

Pity caufeth fometimes tears, and a flexion or
caft of the eye aCde; for pity is but grief in an-
other's behalf; the caft of the eye is a gsflure of
averfion, or lothnefs, to behold the objed of pity.
Bacon^s Natural tiijiory,
A man fliall be fare to have a coft of their eye
to warn him, before they give him a caft of their
nature to betray him. South.

If any man icfirej to look on this doArine of
gravity, let him turn the firft caft of his tyes on
what we have faid of fire. Digby on tbc Soul.

There, held in holy puflion ftill.
Forget thyfelf to marble, till.
With a fad leaden, downward caft.
Thou fix them on the earth as faft. Milton.
They are the beft epitomes in the world, and
let you fee, with one caft of an eye, the fubftance of
above an hundred pages. MMJ. on Anciert MeJah.

8. He that fquints is faid popularly to have
a caft with his eye.

9. The throw of dice.

Were it good.
To fet the exaft wealth of all our ftates
All at one ro^j to f«t fo rich a main
On the nice hazard if fome dc^ubtful hour ! Shat.

10. Venture from throwing dice ; chance
from the fall of dice.

When you have brought them to the very lift
caft, they will offer to come to you, and fubmit
themfelves. Spinfer on Ireland.

With better grace an ancient chief may yield
The long contended honours of the fieid.
Than venture all his fortune at a caft.
And fight, like Hanniba), to lofe at fall. Drydcn.

Will you turn recreant at tht Wi\ caft ? Drydin.

In tht laft war, has it not fometimes been an
even caft, whether the array (hould march this way
or that way > South.

11. A mould ; a form.

The whole would have been an heroick poem,
bur in another caft and figure than any that ever
had been written before. Prior,

12. A (hade ; or tendency to any colour.

A flaky mafs, grey, with a caft of green, in
which the talky matter makes the grwre.'t part of

IVotdiaard.

CAS

Tlie qualities of blood in a healthy ftate are t(*
be florid, the red part congealing, and the feruoi
ought to be without any greenifli caft.

jlrbutinot on jiliments,

13. Exterior appearance.

Tlie native hue of refclution
Is fickljed o'er with the pale caft of thought. Shut.
New names, new dreflings, and the modern caft.
Some fcenes, iome perfons altcr'd, and outfac'd
The world. Sir J. Denbam^

14. Manner ; air ; mien.

Pretty conceptions, finte metaphors, glittering
exprelSons, and fomcthing.of a neat caft of verfe,
are properly the drefs, gems, or loofc ornaments,
of, poetry. Pope's Letters.

Neg!c£t not the little figures and turns on tSe
words, nor fometimes the v«ry caft of the periods ;
neither omit or confound any rites or cuftoms of
antiquity. Fopconjiom-r.

15. A flight; a number of hawks di{-
miffed from the fiH.

A caft of merlins there was bcfides, which, fly-
ing of a gallant height, would beat tlie birds that
rofe down unto the bulhes, as falcons will do wild
fowl over a river. Sidniy^

16. [Cafta, Spanifti.] A breed ; a race ;
a ijpecies.

Ca'stan ET.».yl \caftanp.ta, Sp.] A fmall
ftiell of ivory, or hard wood, which
dancers rattle in their hands.

If thf^c had been words enow between them,
to have exprcifcd provocation, they had gone toge-
ther by the ears like a pair of ca(iancts. ■

Congrevi's IVay of the IVo.ld.
Ca'staway. >!./. [from 1-a/? and aajtiiy.]
A peribn loft, or abandoned, by Provi-
dence ; any thing thrown away.

Neither given any leave to fearch in particular
who are the heirs of the kingdom of God, wh»
caftatuays. Hooka-.

Left that by any means, when I have preached
to others, I myfelf Hiould be a caftavcay. i Cor.

Ca'staway. adj. [from the fubft.] Ufe-
lefs ; of no value.

We only prize, pamper, and exalt this vaffal and
Have of death ; or only rementiber, at our caftaivay
leifure, the impiifoned immortal foul.

Raleigh's Hiftory,
Ca'steo. The participle preterite of caft,
but improperly, and found perhaps only
in the following paflage.

When the mind is quicken'd, out of doubt,
The organs, tho' defunft and dead before.
Break up their drowfy grave, and newly move
With cajled (lough, and frelh legerity. Sbaiefpcare.
Ca'stellain. rt. ft. [caftellavo. Span. J
The captain, governor, or cpnftable of
a caftle.
Ca'stellany. n.ft, [from cafte!.'\ The
lordftiip belonging to a caftle ; the ex-
tentof its land and jurifdiftion. Philltps^
Ca'stellated. adj. [from, caftle. "l In-
clofed within a building, as a fountain
^ or ciftern caftellated. Di3.

Ca'ster. n.f. [from To caft.'\

1. A thrower ; hethatcafts.

If with this throw the ftr9ngeft eafter vie, '
Still, further ftill, I bid the difcus fly. Pope.

2. A calculator; a man that calculates
fortunes.

Did any of t' em fet up for a eafter of fortunate
figures, what might he not get by his prediftions f

u^ddifort*

To CA'STIGATE..t;. a. [caftigo, Lat.]
To chaftifc ; to chaften ; to correft ; to
punifti.

If thou dldft put this four cold habit on.
To caftlgoie thy pride, 'twere well. Shekefpeare.

' N n Castiga'tion

CAS

Castica'tion. «./. [from 7* iaJl'gaU.I
' I. Penance ; difcipline. .

Tills hand of yours rf quires
A fequeJlcr trom liberty j falling and priycr,
Wirli cfljii^aticny excrcifc dtvoui^ hhak'Jpiare.

s. Punifhment ; coriedion.

'I'hcir cajltgaticni were accompanied with en-
couragements j whi<li care was talceii to keep me
from looking upon as mere complinicuts. Bof!t.
3. Emendation ; reprcffivc remedy.

The ancients had thefe coiijciSutei toocliing
theie floods and conflagrations, Co a? to tVame
them into an liypothefis i"or the cjjligaikit of the
exceflfes of generation. //j/r.

Ca'sticator. Y. ar/j. [from cfijligale.'\
Funicive, in order to amendment.

There were other ends of penalties inAiftcd,
eitirer probatory, ^a^igatciy, or rxrmplary,

Bramhail agnirjl HMes.

Ca'stinc-net. n. f. [from (afting and
ntt.'\ A net to be thrown into the water,
not placed and left.
CtiJI'ag-rtts did rivers bottoms fwcep.

■Mfy't y'lrgU.
CA'STLE. n.f. {cnpllum, Lat.]
J. A ftrong houfe, fortified againft af-
faults.
The caftU of MacdufF I will furprifc. Sbaitfp.
2. Castles intht air. [chateaux iPEfpagne,
Fr.] Projects without reality.

Thefe were but like cejilii in ib< air, and in
men's fancies vainly imagined.

'Raleigh's Hi/lcry of the Wcrld.

Castle-soap. n.f. [I fuppofe corrupted
irora Caflile/oap.'] A kind of foap.

I have a letter from a foap-boilcr, dcfiring me
to write upon the prefenC duties on CajlU-foap.

'AJdifoi:.

Ca'stled. adj. [from cajlle.'\ Furniftied
with caftles.

The horfes neighing by ihc wind is b'own,
And cafiUd elephants o'erlook the town. DryJei.
Ca'stleward. n.f. [from cajile and
tward.^

An impofition laid upon fuch of the king's
fubjcels, as dwell within a certain compafs of any
caftle, toward the maintenance of fuch as watch
and ward the cadle. Coive/1.

Ca'stling. ». /. [from f a/?.] An abor-
tive.

We fliould rather rely upin the urine of a eajl-
llng'i bladder, a refolution of crabs eyes, or a fe-
conJ dillillation of urine, as Helmont hath com-
mended. Brmvni l^ulgar Errours.

Ca'stor, or Chester, are derived from
the Sax. ceaprip, a city, town, or caf-
tle ; and that from the Latin caftrum :
the S.xxons chufmg to fix in fuch places
of ftrength and figure, as the Romans
had before built or fortified.

Gii/on's Camden.

Ca'stor. n.f. [cn^er, Lat.]

\. A beaver. See Beaver.

Like hunted cafiors confcious of their ftore,
Their waylaid wealth to Norway's coaft they
bring. DryJen.

2. A fine hat made of the fur of a beaver.

CASTOR and POLLUX- [In meteoro-
logy.] A fiery meteor, which appears
fometiraes (licking to g p^rt of the (hip,
in form of one, two, or even three or
four b.ilis. When one is feen alone,
it is called Helena, which portends the
fevered part of the ftorm to be yet be-
hind ; two are denominated Cafior and
Pollux, and fometimesTyiidarides, which
portend a ceflation of the ftorm. Chamb.
+

CAS

CJSrO'REVM. n. f. [from cajfor. In
pharmacy.] A liquid matter included
in bags or purfes, near the anus of the
callor, falfely taken for his tefticles.

Chamberi.

Casti^ameta'tion. n.J. [from caftra-
metor, Lat.] The art or prattice of en-
camping.

To CA'STR.^TE. v, a. \caftro, Lat.]

1. To geld.

2. To take away the obfcene parts of a
writing.

Castra tion. n. f. [from cajlrate.^ The
art of gelding.

The largeft needle (hould be ufed, in taking up
the fpermatick vefiUs in cafrathn. Sharp's Surg.

Ca'steril. 7 ^ A kind of hawk.

Ca strel. 5

Castre'nsi AN. adj. [ca/lrenJijyhit.lBe-

longing to a camp. Di(S.

C.A'SUAL. adj. [ca/iiel, Fr. from cq/us,

Lat.] Accidental ; arifing from chance ;

depending upon chance ; not certain.

The revenue of Ireland, both certain and cajual,
did not rife unto ten thoufand pounds.

Daviet on Jrsland.
That which foemeth mod cafual and fubjeiil to
fortune, is jet dlfpufed by the ordinance of God.
Ralrigh's Hijiiry.
Whether found where cajaal fire
Had wafted woods, on mountain, or in vale,
Down to the veins of earth. Aiihcn,

The commiflioners entertained themfclves by
tlie fire-fidc in general and cn/vj/difcourfes.

Clarendon.
Moll of our rarities have been found out by
f<i/i<a/ emergency, and have been the works of time
and chance, rather than of philofophy. Glanville.
The expences of fome of them always exceed
their certain annual income ; but feldom their ca-
fual fupplies. I call them cajual, in compliance
with the common form. Auerhury.

Ca'sually. ad-v. [from cafual.'] Acci-
dentally ; without defign, or fet pur-
pofe.

Go, bid my woman
Search for a jewel, that too cajually
Hath left mine arm. Shahefptari.

Wool new fliorn, laid cafuaUy u^on a veliel of
verjuice, had drunk up the verjuice, though the
v-lTcl was without any flaw. Bacon.

I flioull have acquainted my judge with one ad-
vantage, and which I nowra/aj/^retnember. Dryd.
Ca'sualness. n.f. \(iom cafua\^ Ac-

cidentalnefs.
Ca'su alty. n./. [from fflA<i/.]

1 . Accident ; a thing happi,iing by chance,
not defign. '\

V/ich more patience men endure the lolTes that
befa'l them by mere caftiahy, than the damages
which they fullain by injuftice. Ratcigb'i Ejj'ays.

That Oi5lavius Cajfar fhould fhift his camp
that night that iv happened to be took by the
enemy, svas a mere cajiielty ; yet it prcferved a
perfun, who lived to ellabiilh a total altcratirm of
government in the imperialcity of the world. South,

2. Chance that produces unnatural death.

Builds in the weather on the outward wall,

Ev'n in the force and road ofcafuahy. Sbakejpran.

It is ohferved in particular nations, that, within

the fpace of two or three hundred years, notwith-

ilanding all cafuahits, the number of men doubles.

Burnet's The-^r^.

We find one cafualtf in our bills, of wliich,

though there be daily talk, there is little cffcfl.

Graur.t't Bills of Mortj/iiy.
Ca'.9uist. n.f. [cafuifte, Fr. from cafits,
Lat.] One thit (ludies and fettles cafes
of confcience.

CAT

The judgment of any cajuifi, or learnt! di-
vine, concerning the Hate of a man's foul, i< not
fuBicient to giva him confidence. Smth.

You can fcarcc Ice a bench of porten witbcuc
two or three cajuifis in it, that will (ettte yoa the
rights of princes. AddiJ'^**

Who fhall decide when do3ors difagrce,
And founded cajuifts doubt, like you and me ? Po/T.

Casui'stical. a<^". [from f a/a//?.] Re-
lating to cafes of confcience ; contain*
ing the doftrine relating to cafes.

What arguments they have to beguile poor, fim-
ple, unliable fouls witli, I know not ; but furely
the praiSlical, raju'jiical, that is, the principal, vini
part 'of their religion Civours very little of fpiii-
tualiry. Sitiib.

Ca'suistry. n. f. [from cafulj{.'\ The
fcience of a cafuill ; the dodrine of
cafes of confcience.

This concefliin would not pat for good ciffrjfry
in thefe ages. fofe'i Odyffiy. Ifotes.

Moralitj , by her falfe guardians drawn,
Chicane in furs, and cafuijlry in lawn.

Pope's DsinciaJ.

CAT. n.f. [iatz, Teuton, chat, Fr.] A do-
meftick animal that catches mice, com-
monly reckoned by naturaiifts the loweH
order of the leonine fpecies.

'1'was you incens'd the rabble :
Cats, that can judge as fitly of his worth.
As I can of thofe myfterics, which heav'n
Will not have earth to know. Shaiejp. Coriclann,
Thrice the brindcd cat hath mew'd.

Shakeff tare's Macielh.
A cat, as fhe beholds the light, draws the ball
of her eye fmall and long, being covered over with
a green Ikin, and dilates it at picafure.

Pi-achjm on Dratuirg,

Cat. n.f. A fort of (hip.

Cat in the pan. [imagined by fome to be
rightly written Catipan, as coming from
Catipania. An unknown correlpondent
imagines, very naturally, that it is cor-
rupted from Cate in4he pan.']

There is a cunning which we, in England, call
tl*e tur.iing of the cat in the pan ; which is, when
thit which a man fays to another, he lays it as if
another had faid ic to him. Bacon,

Cat 0' nine tails. A whip with nine lafhes,
ufed for the puniihment of crimes.

Vou dread reformers of an imj-'ous age,
You awful cat 0' nine tails to the flage.
This once be juft, and in our caufe engage.

Prologue to yanbrugh's Falfe Friend,

CATJCHRESIS. n. f. [xaraxei^K, a-
bufe.] It is, in rhctorick, the abufeof a
trope, when the words are too far wreft-
ed from their native fignification ; or
when one word is abufivcly put for ano-
ther, for want of the proper word ; as,
a voice beautiful to the ear.

Smith's Rhetorick,

CataCH Re'sticaL. adj. [homcalachre-
fis.'] Contrary to proper ufe ; forced;
far fetched.

A caiaikrijiicat and far derived fimilitude it
holds with men, that is, in a bifiircation.

^ ^ Broivn's Vulgar F.rrourt,

Ca'taCLYSM. n. f. [xaraxXta-y©-.] A
deluge ; an inundation ; ufed generally
for the univerfal deluge.

The opinion that held thefe ratactyfms and em-
pyrnfes unive. fal, was fuch as held that it put a
totjl confummation unto things in :hls lower
world. . Hale's Origin of Mankind,

Ca'tacombs. n.f. [from xani, and xo^*-
C©-. a hollow or cavity.] Subterraneous
cavities for the burial of the dead ; of

which

CAT

CAT

CAT

wliicK tTiere are a great number about
three miles from Rome, fuppofed to be
the caves and cells where the primitive
chriftians hid and aflembled thcmfclves,
and where they in'-erred the martyrs,
which are accordingly vifitcd with de-
votion. But, anciently, the word cata-
comb was only underilood of the tombs
of St. Peter and St. Paul. Chambers.
On tlic lide of Naples are the catacomisj which
itiuft i-.vr been full of ftench, if the dead bodies
that bj in ihem were left to rot in oj;en nitches.

MJf-r.
Catagma'tick. ai!j, [xa-rayua, a frac-
ture.] That which has the quality of
confolidaling the parts.

I put on a catagmatkk emplafter, and, by the
ufe of a laced glove, fcattered th^ pituitous fwel-
Ung, ani ftrcngthencd it. IVijcviani Surve-y.

Catale'psis. ii./.\y.a.Ta.7.\-\n.'\ A lighter
fpecies of the apoplexy, or epilepfy.

There is a difcafe called a catahpjisj wlierein the
parient is fuddcnly feized without fenfe or motion,
and remains in the fame poUure in which the
iifeafc faieth him. jiriuttitol.

Ca'talocue. a.y! [xaraJ-oy®-.] An enu-
meration of particulars ; a lift ; a regif-
ter of things one by one.

In the caiahgue ye go for men,
Shovkghes, water rugs, and demy wolves, are cleped
All by the name of dogs. Skakifpcare'i Macieth.

Make a catalogui of profperous facrilegious per-
fons, and 1 believe they will be repeated fooner than
the alphabet. Stutb.

In the library of manufcripti belonging to St.
Laurence, of which there is a printed. ro/tf/cg-vt*, I
looked into the Virgil, which difputes its antiquity
with that of the Vatican. Mdijiii.

The bright Taygete, and the Ihining Bears,
With all the fjilorn catalogu: of ftars. AiUif n't (hiiil.
Catamo'untain. n. /. [from cat and
mountain.] A fierce animal, refembling
a cit.

The klack prince of Monomopita, by whofc
liue were iccn the glaring catamountaw, and the
quill-darting porcupine.

Arbuthnoi andPcpe^s Jliart» ScrthUrus.

Ca'taphract. ». /. [cataphia^arXiS.^.]
A horfe-man in complete armour.

On each fide went armed guards.
Both horfe and foot ; before him and behind.
Archers and Dingers, calafhrjlts and fpcars.

Milun'j Sampfcn jlgirifits.

Ca'taPLASM. n. /. [r.aTa.v>^a<riiX.] A

poultice ; a foft and moift application.

1 bought in un^ion of a mountcuank.
So murtal, tiiat but dip a knife in it,
WlieiC it draws blood, no taiaplafm fo rare,
Co leded from all fimples chat have virtue
Under the moon, can lave, Shak-fpeare' s Hamlet.

Warm caiapUJpis difcuf*, but kalding hot may
coniTrm the tumour. jjrhutbmt on jllimenti,

Ca'ta.pult. n.f. [catafulia, Lat.] An
engine ufed anciently to throw Hones.

-The balilla violently ihuc great ftones and quar-
ries, as «lfo the catjjulti. Camdin'i Rimaim.
Ca'taRACT. »./. [xaToi^axT)!.] A fall of

water from on high ; a Ihoot of water ;
a cafcade.

Blow, w inds, and crick yourcheeks ; rage, blow !
Yuu ctitai-acli and hurricanes, fpoue
Till you have drcnch'd our fteeplcs. Sbakt(ptarc,

■What .f all
Her ftorci were opcn'd, and tlie firmament
Of lieil ftiould fpout her catiradi of fire ?
lir,(.enJcnt horrours ! Mi/ioti't faraiiife L'lji.

N'j fooner he, with them of man and beaft
SrUa for life, Aiall in th'- aik be lodg'd.
Ami Ihcltct'd round } but iill the caiatafli

Of heav'n fct open, on the earth (hal! ijotir
Rain, day and night. ■ Mihm's P.-!radifi Lcfi.

Torrents and loud impetuous caiarafls.
Through roads abrupt, and rude unfa/hionM tratSls,
Run down the lofty mountain's channel'd iides.
And to the vale convey their foaming tides.

Bbckmore.

Ca'taract. [In medicine.] A fuffufion
of the eye, when little clouds, motes,and
flies feem to iioat about in the air; when
confirmed, the pupil of the eye is ei-
ther wholly, or in part, covered, and
ftiut up with 2 little thin ikin, fo that the
light has no admittance. i^incy.

Sa'aJine hath a yellow millc, which hath like-
wife much acrimony jfor it clcinferh the eyes : it
is good i\fo for catarails. Bacm'i Nmural Hiftirj.

CATA'RRH. «./ [Kcctul'fiu,, dffliw.] A
defluxion of a fharp ferura from the
glands about the head and throat, ge-
nerally occafioned by a diminution of
infenfible perfpiration, or cold, wherein
what Ihould pafs by the fkin, oozes out
upon thofe glands, and occalions irrita-
tions. The caufes are whatfoever occa-
fions too great a quantity of fcrum ;
whatfoever hinders the difcharge by
urine, and the pores of the fkin.

^incy.

All fev'rous kinds,

ConvuI6on», epilepfies, fierce latarrhs. Parad.LoJI.

Neither was the body then fubjedl to die by

piecemeal, and languifh under coughs, catarrhs^

or confumptions. South.

Cata'rrhal. 7 "'O- U^om catarrh.']

Cata'rr hous. J Relatingto acatarrh ;

proceeding from a catarrh.

The catarrhal fever requires evacuarions. Floyer.
Old age attended with a glutinous, eold, ca-
tarrbom, Itucophle^matick conftitution.

ArbulbiM on Dill.

Cata'stROPHE. «. y; [y.xraJ^^n^ri.]

1. The change, or revolution, which pro-
duces the conclufion or final event of a
dramatic piece.

Pat ! — He comes like the catafircfbe of the old
comedy. Shakifpiare.

That phitofopher declares for tragedies, whofe
cataftropbes are unhappy, with relation to the prin-
cipal characters. Dcnnii.

2. A finil event ; a conclufion, generally
unhappy.

Hzic was a mighty revolution, the moft horrible
and portentous catajf raphe that nature ever )et hw j
an elegant and habitable earth quite Ihattercd.

fi^'uodtvard' i Natural li'tjlory,

Ca'tcal. n. /. [from ca: atid call.] A
fqueaking inllrumcnt, ufed in the play-
houfe to condemn plays.

A young lady, at the theatre, conceived a paHion
for a notorious rake that headed a party of catcall.

Sfedator.

Three catcall be the bribe

Of him, whofe chatt'ting fhames the m'Ankey

tribe. Pope.

To CATCH. V. a. preter. I catched or

caught \iii have catched or caught, \_kctfcn,

Dutch.]

1 . To lay hold on with the hand : inti-
mating the fuddennefs of the action.

And when he arofc againft roc, I caught him
by bis beard, and fmote him, and flew hitn.

I Sam. xvit. 35.

2. To flop any thing flying ; to receive
any thfng in the paflage.

Oihcr-i, to catch the breeze of breathing air.
To Tufculum or A'gldu repair. Addij'M en Italy,

3. To feize any thing by pnrfuit.

I law him run after a fildcd butterfly, »nd,
when he taught it, he let it go again ; and after it
again ; and over and over he comes, and up again ;
and caught it again. Sbakefpiare"! Cor'rJafiau

4. To flop any thing falling J to intercept
falling.

A fhepherd diverted himfelf with toflfing up
^FL^, and catching them again. Sped.itor,

5. To enfnare ; to etuangle in a fnare ; to
take or hold in a trap.

And rhey fent unt.5 him certain of the Pharifce*
'and of the Herodians, to catch him in his wofdi.

Markf xii. 13.

Thefe artificial methods of rcafoning are more
adapted to c>itch ^nd entangle the mind, than co
inltru^ and inform t!ic undcrRanding. Locke,

6. To receive fuddenly.

Tlie curling fmoke mounts heavy from the lires.
At length it cjtches Hame, and in 3 blaze expires.

liryilen.
But ftopp'i for fear; thws violently driv'n.
The fpirks fliould caith his axletree of heav"n.

Dryjcfi,

/.• To faften fuddenly upon ; to feize.

The mule went iinJer Ijic thick boughs of a
great oak, and his Jiead caught hold of the oak.

z Sam. xviii. 19.
Would they, like Benbadad's embafladors,
catch hold of every amicable exprellion ?

Decay of Piety t

8. To feize unexpeiEledly.

To catch fomctbing out of his mouth, that theyt
might accufe him. Luke, xi. 54.

9. To feize eagerly.

They have caught up every thing greedily, with
that bufy curiofity, and unlJrisfa£tory inquifitive-
ncfs, which Seneca calls the difcal'c of the Greeks.

Pr.pe,
I've perus'd her well;
Beauty and honour in her are fo mingled,
That they have caught the kWig.

^hukefpeare'lIlmyVlW.

10. To pleafe ; to feize the aliedions ; to
charm.

For I am young, a novice in the trade,
The fool of love, unpractis'd to pcrfuadc.
And want the foothiug arts that catch the fair.
But, caught myfcif, lie ftruggling in the fnare,

D'yden,

! I. To receive any contagion or difeafe.

I cannot name the difeafe, and it is caught
Of you that yet are well. Shakejp. IVttiter'i Tall,

Thofe meaOes,
Which we difdain'ftiould teeter us, yet feek
The very way to catch them. Shakefp. Corhlanus,

In footh I know not why I am fi fad :
It wearies me; you fay it wearies you;
But how I caught it, foimd it, or came by it,
I am to learn. Sbaieffejre's Merchant of fenke.

The foftell of our Britilh ladies expifc their
necks and arms to the open air; which the men
could not do without catching coU, for want of
being accuftomcd to it, Addifon^t Guardian,

Or call the winds tl r >' long arcades to roar.
Proud to catch cold at a Venetian door. Pops,

12. To catch at. To endeavour fuddenly to
lay hold on.

Saucy liftors
Will eatcb at us like ftrnmpets, and fcald ihimcrs
Ballad u; qut of tune. Shak, .'Inf.ny and Cleopatra,

Make thrra caii h ai iU opportunities of fubvert-
ing the fta-c. Addifon's '

To Catch. 1/. n.

Addifoti's State of the W»r,

1. To be co^t^g^ous 5 to -fpread infeflion,
or mifchief.

'Tis time to give them phyfick, their difenfes
Are grown it catching, Shakefpearti Henry VHI,

Sicknrfs is catchii^g\ oh, were favour lo 1
Yours wou!d I catch; fair Hcrmia, ero 1 go. Shak,

Corfi x.ing it v.ith all its malignity \n\catchiiig
nature, it may be enumerated with ttie word of
epidciniclu. , tl't- !-cr,

N n i 'U

CAT

The iislace of Deiphobui arcendk
In fmoaky flames, and caichti on his friettds. Dryi.

Does the ledition catib from man to man.
And run .-unong the ranks ? jidd'tJcM^ i Cato,

2, To lay hold foddenly : as, tke hook
catchn.

When the yellow hair !n flame fliouM fall.
The tatcbing Are might bum the golden cawi.

Drydtn.

Catch, n./. [from the verfe.]

1. Seizure; the aft of feizing any thing
that flics or hides.

Taught by his open eye,
His cyei that ev'n did mark htr trodden grafs.
That Ihe would fain the catch of Strephon fly.

Sidney.

2. Watch; the pofKire of feizing.

Bjf.i of them lay upon the catch for a great
action } ic ii no wonder, therefore, that they were
often engaged on one fubje£t.

AJJifcn OK AmUtit Medals.

3. An advantage taken ; hold laid on, as
in hafte.

All which notions are but ignorant cftcbcs of a
few things, which are moft obTiouJ to men's ob-
ftrvations. Bacon*

The motton is bat a catch of the wit upon a
fic^' inllances ; as the manner is in the philol'ophy
received. Bacon.

Fate of empires, and the fall of king<.
Should tuta on flying hours, and cateb of moments.

Dryden,'

4. The zGt of taking qt»ickly from another.

Several quires, placed one over againfl another,
and taking the voice by catches anthem wife, give
great pleafurc. Baccn.

;. A fong fung in fuccefiion, where one
catches it from another.

This is the tone of our rarci, play'd by the pic-
turc of nobody. ShjJteJpeare^ t Tem^ejl.

Far be from thence the glutton parafite.
Singing hit drunken catches all the night.

Drydtn jun.

The meat was ferv'd, the bowls were crown'd,

Catchts were fung, and healths went round. Prior.

6. The thing caught ; profit ; advantage.

Heflor fliall have a great catch, if he knock out
your brains ; he were as good crack a fufty nut
with no kej-nel. Shakcfpcare^s Trtiilus and Crcjpda'.

7. A faatch ; a (hort interval of aftion.

It has been writ by catches, with many intervals.

Locke.

8. A taint ; a flight contagion.

WeretainaMffi of thofe preny ftories, and our,
airakencd imagination fmiles in the recolleAIon.
GUnville's Scepjis.

9. Any thing that catches and holds, as a
hook.

10. A fmall fwift-failing (hip t often writ-
ten htci.

CA'TCHEt.. n. /. [(rota catcb.'l

1. He thit catches.

2. That in which any thing is caught.

Scallops will move fo Itrongly, as oftentimes to
kap out of the cauher wherein they are caught.

Griit''! Muj'trum.

Ca'tchflv. n. /. [from catch z.nA fly.]
A plant ; a fpecies of campion ; which
fee.

Ca'tchpoll. n.f. [fromca/fA and/o//.]
A ferjeant ; a bumbaiUfF.

Catchpoll, though now it be ufcd as a word of
contempt, yet, in ancient times, it feeras to have
been uied without reproach, for fuch as we now
call ferjeants of the rnace, or any other that ufes
to arrell men upon any caufe. Coviill.

Theycall all temporal bufinefli:! undcrlheriflFries,
as if they were but matters for underflierifFs and
catckpoU: j though many times thofe mdcrlheriff-
ncs do moi^guoj than (licit high fpcculatinns.

Baton's Ejfays.

CAT

Another roonfter^
Sullen of afpe£l, by the vulgar calPd
A catchpill, whofe polluted hands the gods
With force incredible and magick charms
Erfl have endued, if he his ample palm
Should haply on ill-fated flioulder Uy
Of debtor. Philips.

C a'tc HWOR D. «./ [from catch and ivord.
With printers.] The word at the corner
of the page under the laf. line, which is
repeated at the top of the next page.
Cate. n.f. Food ; fomething to be eaten.
This is fcarcely read in the . lingular.
SeeCATEs.

We'll fee what eaies you have.
For foldiers ftomachs always ferve them well. Shai.
Catechb'tical. aiij. [from x«t»i;{i«.]
Conlilting of quellions and anfwers.

Socrates introduced ^ catacheticai mci)\oi of ar-
guing ; he would alk his adverbry qu^Ilion upon
queltion, till he convinced him, out of his own
mouth, that his opinions were wrong.

Addifon's Spc^jfor.
Cateche'tically. ai/f. [itom cateche-
tical.'] In the way of queftion and anfwer.
To CA'TECHISE. 1/. a. [xar^x'"-]
I. 'To inftruft by a&ing quellions, and
correfting the anfwers.

1 will catcchije the world for him ; that is, make

quellions, and bid them anfwer. Shaisjp. Othello.

Had thole three thoufand fouls been eatcchifcd by

our modern cafuills, we bad ieen a wide difl^erence.

Decay of Piety.

2. To queftion ; to interrogate ; to exa-
mine ; to try by interrogatories.

Why then I fuck my teeth, Anicatechife
My piked man of countries. Shakefp. King John.
There flies about a ftrange report.
Of foAie exprefs arriv'd at court ;
I'm ftopp'd by all the fools 1 meet,
And catechis d in «v'ry ftreet. Sivift.

Ca'techiser. tt. f. [ftOTCiTo catechiji.]
One who catechifes.

Ca'techism. n.f. [from xal»i;^;i^ii.] A
form of inftruftion by means of quellions
and anfwers, concerning religion.

Ways of teaching there have been fundry always
ufual in God's church J for the firft introduftion
of youth to the knowledge of God, the Jews even
till this day have their calechifms. Hooker.

He had no catechifm but the creation, needed
no ftudy but reflc£lion, and read no book but the
volume of the world. South.

Ca'tech:st. n.f. [x»l»!X'rw-] Onewhofe
charge is to inftruft by queftions, or to
queftion the uninftrufted concerning re-
ligion.

None of year* and knowledge was admitted,
who had not been inftrufled by the cateclijl in this
foundation, which the catechij} received from the
bilhop. Hammond's Fundamenidt.

Catech'u'men. »./. [xolijj^a/xti'©-.'] One
who is yet in the firft rudiments of chrif-
tianity ; the loweft order of Chriftians
in the primitive church.

The prayers of the church did not begin in St.
Aullin's time, till the catechuikins were dlfmifl'cd.

StWingfeet.

Catbchume'nical. aJJ. [from catechu-
men,'] Belonging to the catechumens.

Dia.

CATECo'tLicAL. aJJ. \_(rom categerj.] Ah-
folute ; adequate ; pofitive ; equal to the
thicg to be exprefled.

The king's commiflioncrs defircd to kntiw,
whether the parliament's commiflioners did believe
that bifliops were unlawful? They could never
obtain a categorical anfw«r. Clarendon.

c A ;r

A fingle propofitipn, which it alfo tattforiealf
may be divided again into fimplc and complex.

tVattt's Log'uk,
Cateco'iiically. ativ. [from categon-
cc,!.]

1. Direftly ; cxprefsly.

2. Pofitively ; plainly.

J I dare a:1irm, and that categoricafly, ;n all part!
wherever trade is great, and continues fo, that
trade mufl be nationally prnAtahle.

Child's Difcourfe of Trade,

CA'TEGORY.»./ [xal^yof/k.j'A clafs ;
a rank ; an order of ideas ; a predica-
ment.

The abfohite infinitude, in a manner, quite
changes the nature of beings, and exalts them into
a different categiry. Cheyne,

Catena'rian. adj. [from M/wa, Lat.]
Relating to a chain ; refembling a
chain.

In geometry, the catenarian curve is formed by
a rmie or chain hanging freely between two points
of^ifpenfion. Harris.

The back is bent after the manner of the cate-
narian curve, by which it obtains that curvature
that is fafefl for the :n^ludcd marrow.

Cheyne' s Philojopbical Principles,

To CA'TENATE. i;. a. [from catena,
Lat.] To chain. Dia.

Catena'tion. n. f. [from catena, Lat.]
Link ; regular connexion.

This catenation, or conferving union, whenever
his pleafure fhall divide, let go, or feparate, they
Ihali fall from their exiftonce. Bro'.un't yulg. Err,

TVCa'ter. "v. n. [from cettes.] To pro-
vide food ; to buy in viftuals.

He that doth the ravens feed.
Yea providently caters f)r the fparrow.
Be comfort to my age. ' Shakefp, As you Ftie it,-

Ca'ter. v.f. [from the verb.] Provider;-
colletlor of provifions, or viftuals : mif-
printed perhaps for caterer.

The oyflers dredged in this Lyner, find a wel-
comer acceptance, where the tafie is eater for the
Aoniach, tlian tliofe of the Tamar.

Carrw's Sur-vey of Cornwall.
Ca'ter. n. f. [qteatre, Fr.] The four of

cards and dice.
Ca'ter-cousin. n. f. a corruption of
quatre-cotijin, from the ridiculoufnefs of
calling coufm or relation to fo remote a
degree.

His mafler and he, fanog your worfhip'i reve-
rence, are fcarce cater-cottjins,

Shakefpeare"! Merchant of Venice.

Poetry and rcafon, how come thcfe to be cater-

couftr.s T Rynur's Tragedies of the lajl Age,

Ca'terer. n.f, [from, cater.] On« em-
ployed to feleft <ind buy in provifions
for the family ; the providore or pur-
veyor.

Let no fcent ofi'enfive the chamber infeA;
Let fancy, not coll, prepare ail our difhes ;

Let the caterer mind the tafte of each gueft.
And the cwk in his drcfling comply with their
wi/hes. Ben y onion's T.ivern Academy.

He made the greedy ravens to be Elias's caterers,
and bring him food. King Charles.

Seldom fhall one fee in cities or courts that
athletick vigour, which is fcen in p.5or houfes,
where nature is their cook, and necefTity their
caiirer. South.

Ca'teress. n.f. [from cater.] A woman
employed to cater, or provide vidluals.

Impoftor ! do not charge innocent nature,
As if fhe W3uld her children fhould be riotous
With her abundance : flie, good catercfs.
Means her provifua only to the good. Milton,

Ca'terfillar.

CAT

Ca'terpim-ar. 11. f. [This v/ord. Skimitr
and Minjhevj are iocliivid to derive from
chatte felu/e, a wedfel. It feems eafily de
ducible from caies, food, and pilUr, Fr.
to rob ; the animal that eats up the
fruits of the earth.j

1. A worm which, when It gets wings, is
fuftained by lea\'e3 and fruits.

The catrrfillar breedeth of dew and leaves ; fir
we fee infinite caterpillars breed upen trees and '
hedges, by which the leaves of the trees or hcdgci
are confumed. Bacon.

Aufter is drawn with a pot pouring forth water,
viilh which dcfccnd gralshoppers, catirfillan, and
creatures bred by moifture. Peackam an Drawing.

2. Any thing voracious and ufelefs.
Ca'terpill AR. n./. [fcorfioides, Lat.]

The name of a plant. Miller.

To Caterwa'ul. t/. ». [from ffl/.]

1. To make a noife as- cats in rutting
time.

2. To make any offenfive or odious noife.

What a cateru-aulir^g do you keep here ! If my
lady has not called up her lleward Malvolio, and
bid hitn turn you out of doors, never truft rr.e-

Ukakcfpcarei I'wllfth Nigit.
Was no difpute between
The catcrivauLng brethren ? HuJihras,

CATES. »•/. [of uncertain etymology :
Skinner imagines it may be corrupted
from dilicate ; which is not likely, be-
caufe Junius obferves, that the Dutch
have kater in the fame fenfe with our
<ater. It has no Jingular.'] Viands ;
food ; difh of meat : generally employed
to fignify nice and luxurious food.

The fair acceptance. Sir, creates
The cntettainment perfeS, not the eatei.

Ben yon/on.
O waAefut riot, never itell content
With low priz'd fare ; hunger ambitious
Of caut by land and Tea far fetcht and fcnt.

Ralelgb.
Alas, how fimple to thefe cam,
V^as that crude apple that diverted £ve !

farad'tje Ltjl.
They, by th' alluring odour drawn, in hafte
Fly to the dulcet cam, and crowding fip
Their palatable bane. Philip!.

With coftly cam (he ItainM her frugal board,
I'bcn with ill-gacten wealth Ih; bought a lord.

Arkuttmt.

Ga'tfish. n./. The name of a fea-fi(h
in the Weft Indies ; fo called from its
round head and large glaring eyes, by
which they are difcovered in. hollow
rocks. Phillips.

Ca'th ARPiNGs. «. /. Small ropes in a
ihip, running in little blocks from one
fide of the llirouds to the other, near the
deck : they belong only to the main
(hroods ; and their ufe is to force the
flirouds tight, for the eafe and fafety of
the mafts, when the (hip rolls. Harris.

Catha'rtical. ) /7i^.[KixSafTixo«.] Purg-

Cath a'rtick._ j ing medicines. The
vermicular or periftaltick motion of the
guts continually helps on their contents,
from the pylorus to the reftum ; and
every irritation either quickens that mo-
tion in its natural order, or occafions
feme little inverfioDS in it. In both,
what but (lightly adheres to the coats
will be loofened, and they will be more
agitated, and thus rendered more fluid.
Sy this only it is maaifeft, how a ca-

C A T

thartic haftens and increafes the dif-
charges by (tool ; but where the force
of the. ftimulus is great, all the appen-
dages of the bowels, and all the vilcera
in the abdomen, will be twiched ; by
which a great deal will be drained back
into the inteftines, and made a part of
what they difcharge. ^incy.

(^uickfilver precipitated either with gold, or
without addition, into a powder, is wont to be
ftrongly enougfi cathariieal, though the chymifts
have not proved, t!'.at eiihcr gold or mercury hath
any fait, much lefs any that is purgarive.

Beyle's Sccpriijl CiymiJI.

LuftratJons and catbarticks of the mind were
fought for, and all endeavour ufed to calm and re-
gulate the fury of the pallions. Decay of Piety.

The piercing caufticks ply their fpitet'ul pow'r,
Emeticks ranch, and keencd/<6tfr/i^'^i I'cour. Garth,

Plato has called mathematical demoiVlrations
the cattarticks or purgatives of the fool.

AJetiftn't Spiffator.

Catha'rticalness. n./. [fTotacati>ar-

ticaJ.] Purging quality.
Ca'thead. n.f. A kind of foffil.

The nodules with leaves in them, called catheads,
feem to conlill of a f>rt or iron flonc, nut unlike
that which is found in the rocks near Whitehaven
in Cumberland, where they call them catfcaups.

pyoodnvard or: Fi^Jjils.

Ca'thead.*./, [^naOiip.] A piece of
timber with two ftiivers at one end, hav-
ing a rope and a block, to which is faf-
tened a great iron hook, to trice up the
anchor from the hawfe to the top of the
forecaftle. Sea Dia.

Cathe'dral. adj. \{rom cathedra, Latl a
chair of authority ; an epifcopal fee.]

1. Epifcopal ; containing the fee of a
bilhop.

A cathedral church is that wherein there are two
or more perfons, with a bilhop at the head of
them, that do make as it were one body politick.
Ayliffe's Parergon.
Methought I fat in feat of majefty.
In the cathedral church of WeftminAer.

Sbatefpeare's Henry VI.

2. Belonging to an epifcopal church.

His conftant and regular aliii^ing at the cjthe-
drat fervice was never interrupted by the Iharpncl's
of wcathrr. Lccie.

3. In low phrafe, antique ; venerable ;
old. This feems to be the meaniii;' '"
the following lines.

Here aged trees cathedral walks compofe.
And mount the hill in venerable rows 5
There the green infants in their beds are laid. P'^pe.

Cathe'dral, n./. The head church of
a diocefe.

'I here is nothing in Leghorn f(r extraordinary as
K\\tyfathedral, which a man may view with plea-
fure, after he has feen St. Peter's. Addijon on Italy.
Ca'tHERINE PEAR. SecPEAR,

For ftreaks of red were mingled tliere,
Such as are on a Catberitie pear.
The fide that's next the lun. Sttckting.

Ca'th ETER, n.f. [KaStrij.] A hollow
and fomewhat crooked inflrument, to
thruft into the bladder, to afTiil in bring-
ing away the urine, when the paflage is
flopped by a ftone or gravel.

A large clyfter, fudJenly ir.jeftcd, hath fsr-
quently forced the urine out of the bladder; but
if it hi\, a catheter mull help you.

f^iftman's Surgery.

Ca'tholes. «./ [In a (hip.] Two little
holes aftern above the gun-room ports,
to bring in a cable or hawfer through

9

CAT

them to •-He capftan, when there is oc-

rafion to heave the (hip afkrn. Sea Dm. .
Catho'licism. n, /. [ from eatholick.'\

Adherence to the catholick church.
CA'THOLICK. adj. [catholiqut, Fr. xa-'

SoXix®-, univerfal or general.]

1, The church of Jefus Chrift is called ca-
thtlick, becaufe it extends throughout the
world, and is not limited by time.

2. Some truths are faid tS be catholick,
becaufe they are received by all the
faithful.

3. Catholick is often fet in oppofition to
heretick or fe6lary,.and to fchifmatick*

4, Catholick or canonical epiftles, are feven
in number ; that of St. James, two of
St. Peter, three of St. John, and that of-
St. Jude. They are called catholick,
becaufe they are direfted to all the faith-
ful, and not to any particular church ;
and canonical, becaufe they contain ex»
cellent rules of faith and morality.

Calmet,
Doubtlefs the fuccefs of thofe your great and ca-
tholick endeavours will promote the empire of man
over nature, and bring plentiful accefiion of glory
to your nation, ^ Clanville's Scepjis^

Thofe fyrtems undertake to give an account oP
the formation of the univerfe, by mechanical hy-
pothefes of matter, moved either uncertainly, or
according to feme catholick laws. Ray.

Catho'licon, n.f. [from catholick; xu-
So'Xixo» i«fta.] An univerfal medicine.

Prefervation againft that fin, is the contempla-
tion of the laft judgment. 'This is indeed a ca~
thclicon againll all; but we find it particularly
applied by St, Paul to judging and defpifing our
brethren, Covcrttmertt of the Tongue.

Ca'tkins. n.f. [iattekeiu, Dutch. In bo-
tany.] An alfemblage of imperfeft flow-
ers hanging from trees, in manner of a
rope or cat's tail ; ferving as male blof-
foms, or flowers of the trees, by which
they are produced. Chambers.

Ca'tlike. adj. [from cat and like.'\ Like
a cat,

A lionefs, with udders all drawn dry.
Lay couching head on ground, with catlike watch.

Shakefpeare.
Ca'tlinc. n.f.

1 . A difmcmbering knife ufed by fur-
geons. Harris.

2. It feems to be ufed by Shake fpeare for
catgut ; the materials of fiddle ttrings.

What muficjc there will be in him after HcClor
hns knocked out his brains, 1 know not. But, 1
am fure, none ; unlcfs the fidlcr Apollo get his '
fi:if-ws to make catlings of. Shaktj'feart.

3. The down or mofs growing about wal-
nut trees, refembling die hair of a cat,

Harris.
Ca'tmint. «. f. \cataria, Lat.] The

name of a plant. ' "Miller.

Cato'p TRICAI., adj. [from catoptricks.'\

Relating to catoptricks, or vifion by re-

fleifliou,

A catoptrical or dio'ptrical heat is fuperlour to
any, vitnf;ing the hardcit lubftoncas.

Arbuthr'jt on Air. •

Cato'ptricks. »./. [y'aT07r1^o», a looking

glafs.] That part of opticks which treats

of vilion by reflection,
Ca'tpipe. »./. [from frt/ and /;)><•.] Th«

fame with catcal ; an iiillrument that

makes a ftpcaking noife.
I Svnie

C A V

Some fcDglers can no mare fiiig i« any cham-
ber but their own, than lum< cierlcs can read in
•ny book bdt their own j fxit them out of tl^xir
coad once, and they are mere afifa and dunces.
. L'Efirangt.

Cat's-eye. ti. f. A flonc.

Cat'i.tye is ot' a jjlirtcting grey, interchanged
with a ftraw colour. WiXhtViirti on Fojfui.

Ca i's-fo6t. n.f. An herb ; the fame with

ahhcof, or grcunJ-ivy ; which fee.
Cat's-head. n.f. A kind of apple.

Cut'i-heaJ, by f me called the gn-no-t'urther,
i< a veiy lar^e apfte, and a good bearer.

M^riimcr's Hujhaiidry.

Ca'tstiver. ruf. A kind of foflil.

^tjilvcr \\ compofrd ofplales that are generally
plain and parallel, and tl'.at ate Rrxible and elal-
tiClc; and is nt thr:i: I'orts, the yellow ur golden,
the white or fiivery, and th« black.

M^xdiuarJ en Fejjils.

Cats-tail. n.f.

I. A long round fubftance, that grows in

winter upon nut-trees, pines, (Si.
z. A kind of reed which bears a fpike like

the tail of a cit.

Phillips's WorlJ of Words.
Ca'tsup. n.f. A kind of Indian pickle,

imitated by pickled muftirooms.

And, /or our home-bred Britiih cheer,
Botargo, catjuf, ard cavior. Swft.

Ca'ttle. ft.f. [A word of very common
ofe, but of doublful or unknown ety-
mology. It is derived by Skinner, Me-
nage, and Spelman, from capitalia, qutt
ad caput pertinent ; perfonal goods : in
which fenfe chattels is yet ufed in our
law. Mandi-ville ufes catch for price.'\

1 . Beads of pafture, not wild nor domeftick.

Make poor men's cuttlt break their nerks.

Shak'ffcart.
And God made 'he bead of the earth after his
kind, ami cattle a.'cer their kind, and ev«ry thing
that creepeth upon the earth after his kind.

Gimjii, i. 25.

2. It is ufed in reproach of human beings.

Brys and women arc tor the mott part rattle of
this colour. Sltikc'peare^i As ytiu like it,

Cavalca'de. n.f [Fr. from ca-vallo, a
horfe, Ital.] A proceffion on horfcback.

Your cavalcade the fair I'pedtators v.cw,
From their high (landings, yet look up to you :
From your bra\e tr^in each finjjU-s out a riy.
And longs to date a cunquell from your day. -

Dryditi.

How muft the heart of the oFd m.in rejoice,

vhen he f jw fuch a numerous cavalcade of Sis own

raifingi Addijot-.

CAVALi'ER. n.f [ca-valier, Fr.]

1. A horfeman ; a knight.

2. A gay, fprightly military man.

fcor \vh.» i^ he, wiio'c chin is hjteiuichM
With one appear'ng hair, that will not follow
Thcic cuird and choice drawn cavjlicrs to France ?
Shaiefytiire'i Hcnrv VIV..

3. The appellation of the patty of king
Charles the Firft.

Each party grows proud of that appellation,
which their adverl'aries it tirlt intend as a reproach r
of this fjrt wre the Guclfs and Grbclines, Hu-
guenots, and Cavalitri. Sioift,

Cavali'er. adj. [from the fubftantive.]

1. Gay; fprightly; warlike.

2. Generous; brave.

The people are naturally not valiant, and not
much catjaiur. Now it is the nature of cowards
to hurt, where they can receive none. Suckling.

3. Dildainful ; haughty.
Cavai.i'krly. adv. [ from cavalier. ]

Haughtily ; arrogantly i dii'dainfully.

C A V

Ca'valrv. n.f. [cavalcrie, Fr.] Ilorfe
troops ; bodies of men furniftied wi,th
horfes for war.

If a ftjtc run inoft to gentlemen, and the huf-
bandmen and plowmen be but as tfccir woikfolks,
you may have a good cavalry, but never good (la
blc bands of foot. Bticm't Ilevry VH.

Then cavalry, in the battle of Hienheim, could
not fuftain triefiiock. of tiic Britifli hoife.

, Addifin en the {far.

To Ca'vate. v. a. [catjo, Lat.] *To
hollow out ; to dig into a hollow.

Cava'zion. n. f [from ca-vo, Lat. In
architeflure.] The hollowing or under-
digging of thr earth for cellarage ; al-
lowed to be the fixth part of the height
of the whole building. Phillips.

Ca'udbbecx. n.f. A fort of light hats,
fo called from a town in France where
they were firft made. Phillips.

CA'UDLE. n.f. [chaudeau, Fr.] A mix-
ture of wine and other ingredients,
given to women in childbed, and fick
perfons;

Ye fliall have a hempen caudle then, and the
help of a hatchet. ShaUffcare's Henry VI.

He iiad good broths, caudle, and fuch like; and
I believe he did drink fomc wine. fVifmnni Surg.

ToCa'udle. 'v.a. [from the noun.] To
make caudle ; to mix as caudle.

Will the cold brook,
Candied with ice, caudle thy morning toaft,
To cure thy o'ernight's furfcit ? Sh.tk. T;««».

CAVE. n.f. leave, Fr. cawa, L.-it.]
I. A cavern ; a den ; a hole entering ho-
rizontally under the ground ; a habita-
tion in the earth.

The wrathful fkies
Callow the very wand'rcrS of the -dark.
And make them keep their cairei. Shaki K. hear.

Bid him bring his power
Before fun-rll"i:ig, Icll h's fnn George fail
Into the blind cave of eternal n'ght.

SbaUffarf'% Richard Ul.

They did fqnare and carve, and p ilifli their

(lone and marble works, even in the very rave of

the quarry. ff^itten.

Through this a cave was dug with vaft expence ;

The work it feem'd of lome fufpicious prince.

Dryden.
z. A hollow ; any hollow place. Not ufed.

The objeft of fight doth ftrike upon the pupil
of the eye direftly ; whereas the cave of the ear
doth hold off the fnund a little. Bacon's Nat. HiJI.

ToCAve.-v.n. [from the noun.] To dwell

in a cave.

Such as we

Care here, haunt here, arc outlaws. Sb.tiffpeare.
Ca'veat. n.f. [ccifcal, Lat. let him ie-

tvare.] Intimation of caution.

A caveat is an intim:it:on given to fomc ordinary
or ccclelialVical judaic by the a<£t of man, notifying
to him, that he ought to beware how he aifts in
fuch or fuch an affair. ■'^y^'ff'-

The chiefeft caveat in reformation mull be to
keep out the Scots. S fencer en Inland.

I am in danger of commencing pnct, pcrhap'.
laureat ; pray defire Mr. Rowe to enter a ca-jeat.
trumhiill to Pcpt.

Ca'vern. ».y; [ca-vernathm..] A hollow
place in the ground.

Where wiU th ni find a cavern dark enough
To malk thy monrtrous vifage ? Shak. Juliui Ceef.

M mfters of the foamiiig deep.
From the deep ooze and gelid cavern rous'd.
They flounce and tremble in unwieldy joj.

Tbomfin.
Ca'vernbd. adj. [from cavern.]
I. Full of cavcrni ; hollow; excavated.

C A V

Embattled troops, with flowing banners, paA
Through flow'ry mcadr, delighted ; nor diftruft
The fmiling furfacj; viWilH tht eavern'd ^icvni
llurilb fatal, and involves the hopes of war
In fiSry whirles. Philij,!.

High a! Ills head from out the cevcrn'J rock.
In living rills, a gufliing fountain broke.

Pope'i Oivffty,

2. Inhabiting a cavern.

No bandit fierce, no tyrant mad with pride,
No cjKfrnV htrmit, teftT. fdf-fati.fy'd. Pefe.

Ca'vernous. «<ir. [from<-fli'«».] Full of
caverns.

No great damages are done by earthquakes, ex-
cept only in thofc countries which are mountain-
ous, and confequently ftony and cavernous under-
neath, fyocdtvard's Natural Hi cry.

CjrE'SSON. n.f [Fr. Inhorfemanfhip.]
A fort of nofeband, fometimcs made of
iron, and fometimes of leather or wood ;
fomctimes flat, and fometimes hollow or
twiftcd ; which is put upon the nofe of
a horfe, to forward the fuppling and
breaking of him.

An iron cavijfin faves and fpares the mouths of
young horfes when they are broken ; for, by the
help 01 it, they are accuftomed to obey the hand,
and to bend .the neck and (boulders, without hurt-
ing their mouths, or fpoiling their bars with the
bit. Farrier's DiSI,

Cauf. n.f A cheft with holes in the top,
to keep iilh alive in the water.

Phillips's ff^or/doffTords.

Caught, particip. poff. [from To catch;
which fee]

Cavia're. n.f [the etymology uncer-
tain, unlefs it come from garum, Lat.
fauce, or pickle, made of filh faked.]

The eggs of a rturgeon, being falted and made
up into a niafs, were fiift brought from Cunllaa-
tinople by the Italians, and called caviare.

Gmv i Muftrurit
Cavi'er. n.f A corruption of ca'viare.

See Catsup.
To CA'VIL. "v. n. [ca-viller, Fr. cavil-
lari, Lat.] To raife captious and frivo-
lous objedions.

I'll give thrice fo much land'
To any well-defcrving friend;
But, in the way of bargain, mark ye me,
I'll cavil on the ninth psrt of a hair.

Shaiffpeare's Henry IV,
My lord, you do not well, in obftinacy
To cavil in th; courfe of this contraft.

Stakejpeare's Henry VI.
He cavils firft at the poet's inlifting fo much
upon the effedis of Achiiles's rag ;.

Pcpe's Nslei en the Hied.

To Ca'vi L. v. a. To receive or treat with

objeftions.
Thou didft accept them : wilt thou enjoy the
good,
Then cavil the conditions ? Paradife L'J},

Ca'vil. n.f. [from the verb.] Falfe or
frivolous objeftions.

Wifer men confider how fubjeft the he(i things
have been unto cavil, when w its, poficffcd with dif-
dain, have fet them up as their mark to (hoot at.

Hooker,

Several divines, in order to anfwcr the cavils of
thofe advcrfarics to truth and molality, began to
find out farther explanations. S-.v'if!.

Cavill a'tion. n.f. [from f<j'i.'//.] The
difpofition to make captious objertion ;
the praiilice of objecting.

I might add fo mucit concerning the large odds
between the cafe of the eldeft churches in regard
of heathens, and ours in rcfpctj of the churcli of
Rome, that very taviilatita itfelf (hould he I'a-
titficd. HuUr.

Ca'villf K.

C A U

Ca'vili.er. n, f. l^ca-viUator, Lat. ] A
man fond of making objeftions ; an un-
fair adverfary ; a captious difputant. .

The candour wiiich Horace ihews, is that which
diftinguiihei a critick from a ca-vHhr\ he decliies,
tliat he is not offended '^ little faults, which inay
be Imputed to inadvertency. AJdipns Guardian.
There is, I grant, room ftiU left for a ca-uilUr to
mifreprefent my meaning. "

After bury* t Preface to bis Sermons.
Ca'villingly. at^if. [from cai/illing.']

In a cavilling manner.
CA'vir.Lous. adj. [from ca'vil.'\ Unfair
in argument; full of objeftions.

Thofc perlbns arc faid tq be cavillws and un-
faithful advocates, by whofc fraud and iniquity
juftice Is dcftroyed. A\!iffe.

CJ'VIN. nlf. [French. In the military
art.] A natural hollow, fit to cover a
body of troops, and confequently faci-
litate their approach to a place. Did.

Ca'vity. n.f. [cavi/as, Latin.] Hollow-
nefs ; hollow ; hollow place.

The vowels are made by a free paflage of breath,
vocalized through the cavity o{ the mouth; the
faid cavity being di fterently ibaped by the poftures
of the throat, tongue, and lips.

HMer's Elements if Speech.
There ij nothing to be left void in a firm build-
ing : even the cavities ought not to be filled with
rubbifh, which is of a peri/hing kind.

Drydeni Dedication to yEr.e''d.

Materials packed together with wonderful art in

the fevcral cavities of the (kull. AddiJ'm's Sficl.

An Inftrumcnt with a fmill cavity, like a fmall

fpoon, dipt in oil, may fetch out the (lone.

A'iuthnrjt on Diet.

If the ;<mofphere wjs reduced into water, it

would not make an orb above thiity-twofeet det-p,

which would foon be fwalluwed up by the cavity

of the fea, and the deprefled parts of <hc earth.

Bertlcy.

Cauk. n./. A coarfe talky fpar.

" fVocJnvard.
Ca'ukv. aiij. [from caui.] A white,
opaque, cauiy fpar, (hot or pointed.

l^'oodivarJ on FoJJils.
Caul. n.f. [of uncertain etymology.]

1. The net in which women inclofe their
hair ; the hinder part of a woman's cap.

Ne fpared tiiey to ftrip her naked all ;
Then when they had defpoil'd her lire and caul.
Such as (he was, their eyes might her tehoid.

Spenftr,
Her head with ringlets of .her hair Is crown'd.
And in a^golden caul the curls arc bound.

Drydtn'i ^neid.

2. Any kind of fmall net.

An Indian mantle of fe.«h«r», and the feathers
wrought into a caul of packthread.

Grno's Mufttum.

3. The omentum ; the integument in
which the guts are inclofed.

The caul fervcs for the warming the lower b?lly,
like an apron or piece nf woollen cloth. Hence a
certain gladiatour, whofc caul Galen cut out, was
lb liable to fuffer cold, that h« kept his belly
tonftantly covered with wool. ~ Ray,

The beaft they then divide, and difunitc
The ribs and limbs, obfeivantof the rite :
On thtfc, ia double cauls invulv'd with art.
The cholccfl morfcis lay. Pipe's OJyffcy.

C\vi.i'rt%ovs. adj. [Uom cauUs, a (lalk,
and fero., to bear, Lat.] A term in bo-
tany for fuch plants as have a trueftalk,
which a great many have not.

Ca'ulifloweic. n. /. [from caulis, Lat.
the llalk of a plant.] A fpccics of cab -
huge.

C A U

Towards the end y>{ the month, earth up your
w-jn:cr plants and fallad herbs ; and plant forth
your cautijiirwcrs and cabbage, which wer'c fown in
Auguft. Evelyns 'Kalcr.dar.

To Caulk. See Ta Calk.

To Ca'uponate. 'V. n. \caupono, Lat.]

To keep a vidualling-houfe ; to fell

wine or vidtuals. Dili.

Ca'usable. adj. [from fa»/o, low Lat.]

That which may be caufed, or efFefted

by a caufe.

That may be miraculoufly effcfted in one, which
is naturally fiiB/ii/j in anotlier.

Brcnuns Vulvar Errours.

Ca'usal. adj. [cau/a/is, low Lat.] Relat-
ing to caufes ; implyipg or containing
caufes.

Every motion owing a dependence on prere-
quired motors, we ^an have no true knowledge of
any, except we would dillindlly -pry into the wiiolc
method of cauj'ai concatenation.

Glanville^s Scepjts Scienti/ica.

Caujal propofitions are, where two propofitions
are joined by cd^^/ particles ; as, houTcrs were not
built, that they might be deftroyed ; Rehobpam
was unhappy, becaufe h« followed evil counfel.

Tfiiiti': LogiiJt.
Causa'litv. n./. [cau/ali/as, low Lzt.]
The agency of a caufe ; the quality of
cauling.

As he created all things, fo is he beyond and In
them all, in his very clTence, as being the foul of
their caufalifies, and the effential caufe of their
exiftenccs. Brtnun'i Vulgar Err'jurs.

By an unadvif'-d tranfiliency from the effort to
the reniotcll caufe, we obfervc not the conncftion,
through the intcrpofal of more Immediate cavja-
lilies. Clanville's Sceffa.

Ca'usally. ad'v. [from fa/(/a/. ] Accord-
ing to the order or feries of caufes.

Thus may it be more caufally made our, what
Hippocrates afBrmeth. Br'^ton's Vulgar Errcurs,
Causa'tion. It./, [from cait/o, low Lit.]
The A&. or power of cauilng.

Thus doth he fomclimes delude us in the con-
ce!ts of ftars and meteors, befides their allowable
anions, afcrjbiog effcSi thereunto of indejcndcnt
caufjticn. Brctvn's Vulgar Errours.

Ca'usative. adj. [a term in grammar.]
That exprefles a caufe or reafon.

Causa'tor. n.j'. [from caufo, low Lat.]
A caufer ; an author of any effedl.

Demonftrativcly underdanding the fimplicity of
perfcfljon, and the Invifible condition of the firft
caufator, it was out of the power of earth, or the
arcopa^ of hell, to work them from it.

BroTun's Vulgar Errours.

CAUSE. »./. [cau/a, Lat.]

1. That which produces or effeiU any
thing ; the efficient.

The wife and learned, amongft the very hea-
thens themfilves, have all acknowledged fome firii
caufe, whereupon originally the being of all tilings
depcndeth ; neither have they otheiwile fpoktii
of that fou/f, than ai an agent, which, knowing
what and why it workeih, obfcrveth, in working,
a mod exaft order or law. llojktr.

Butterflies, and ether flies, revive eafily when
they fccm dead, being brought to the fun or fire;
tlie caufe whereof is the diftufion of the vitjl fpirit,
and the dilating of it by a little heat.

Bacon s Natural Uifiory.

Caife is a fubrtance exerting its power into ait,
to make one thing bejtn to be. Locke.

2. The reafon ; motive to any thing.

The red fliall bear fume other fight.
As cauft will be obey'J. Siaiiffitar.:

So great, fo eonftant, and fo general a praftxe,
murt needs h.^ve not only a caufe, but alfo a great,
a coaftant, and a general <aujt, every yl»y com-
mcnfuratc to fuch an elicit. ' Souil,

C A U

Thus, myal Sir! to fee you landed here.
Was caufe enough of triumph fct a year. Drydert,

.Apneas W' f'i'ring ftood ; then a/lc'd the ctiufcy
Which to the iheam the crowding people draws.

Drydtn,
Even he.
Lamenting that there had teen cat/iof enm'ty,
Will often wiili fate had ordain'd you friends.

Ro^<ve,

3. Reafon of debate ; fubjeft of litigation.

O madnefs of dircuuffe,
That caufe fets up with and a^jainft thyfelf !
Bifold authority. ^haicffeare.

Hear the caufes bet\veen your brethren, and juHge
righteoufly between every man and his brother, '^■
and the ftranger that is with him. Deutirommy,

4. Side ; party ; ground or principle of
aftion or oppofition.

Ere to thy ca:ifc, and thee, my heart inclin'd.
Or loWB.toparty had feduc'd my mind. Tickelt,

To CaiW^. v. a. [from the noun.] To
efFeft a^an agent; to produce.

Never was man whnfe appiehenJions are {bber,
and by a penlivc infpedVion adviled, but hath f )und
by an irniJiftiblc necel^u\^one eveilatling being, all
for ever cuiifmg, and all. for everfullaining.

, Raleigh^

It is necelTary in fuch a chain of caufes to afcend
to and terminate in fome fiift, which iTiould be
the original of motion, and the caufe of ail other
things; but itfelf be caufd by none. South.

She weeping alk'd, in thefe her blooming years.
What unforeieen misfortune caused her care,
To loath h«r life, and languilh in defpair I

Drydens Fables.

Things that move fo fwifr as not to aB'cCl the

fenfes diflinftly, and fo coufe n^t any train of ideas

in the mind, ar.; not perceived to move. Locke.

Ca'uselesly. ad'v. [from caiifelejt.'\

Without caufe ; without reafon.

Human U.vs are not to be broken with fcandal,

nor at ail without reafon ; for he that docs it

caufclejly, is a dcfpifer of the law, and undervalues

its authority. Taylor's Hdy Liiirg,

Ga'useless. adj. [from cau/e.'j

1. Having no caufe ; original in itfelf.

Reach th' Almighty's facred throne.

And make his caufelefs pow'r, the caufe Ci( ail

things, known. B lac ktnore'* Creation.

2. Wanting juft ground or motive.

Vet is my truth ypliglit.
And love avow'd to other lady late,
Thar, to remove the fame, 1 have no might ;
To change love cauftlifs^ is reproach to warlike
knight. . Sfenfcr's Fairy ^iieit.

And me and mine threats not with war but death;
Thus caufelefs hatred endlefs is uncath. Fairfax.

Th« caufelcjs diOike, which oth?is hive conceiv-
ed, is no luthcicnt reafon for us to forbear in any
r'j'-'f- UooLr.

. Ai women yet who apprehend
Some fuddcn caufe of cauje.eft fear.
Although that Iccming cauie take end,
A fl.akin^ through tkcir limbs ihcy fnid. Ji^alJer.

Ala- ! my fears arc^, irfeiefs and ungrounded,

Fao'.alljck dreamt, and melancholy fumrs. Deri:.

Ca'uslr. «. /. [from crtw/^.] He that .

caufes ; the agent by which an eflcft is

produced.

His whole oration {lo"'d upon a fliort na-mtion,
what was the caufer of this ree tamorph'ilis. Sidney.

Is not the caufer ui thcfe tlinclcfs deaths

As blimeful as the exeiutioiicr ? Slaktfpeare.

Ab'lii.tnce, the apof^le determines, is of no

other rial value in iciig.on, than a^ a niinillcrial

e luftr of moral e(IWt». Rogeii.

Ca'usey. In- /• [ciiaiijee, Fr. Thiii

Ca'l'seway. 3 w.'id, by a falfe notion of

its etymology, ha.s been lately written

cau/en-ny.'] A way raifed and paved ; a

w.'iy raifedabove the reft of the ground.

To Shuppin) the let came forth wellward by thtr
caviy, J Cl.ran.xx''. i6.

The

C A U

The otlier way SaUn w««t ivm.
The taujnvay to helUgatc. JUUion.

But thit bruid caxjnvay will ^''rc£l your way,
And you may rcich the town by noon of day.

Drjdirt.
Whofe caujiv>ay partf the vale with Ihady rows ;
Whofe feats the weary traveller repofe. Pofe.

Ca'ostical. I «<^'. [xai/rixo?.] Epithets
Ca'u STICK. 5 of medicaments which
deftroy the texture of the part to which
they are applied, and e:.t it away, or
burn it into an efchar, which they do
by extreme minutenefs, afperity, and
quantity of motion, that, like thofe of
fire itfelf, deftroy the texture of the fo-
lids, and cliange what they are applied
to into a fubllance like burnt flelh ;
which, in a little time, with detergent
dreiTing, falls quite off, andAavcs a
vacuity in the part. ^^ ^'"^J-

li extirpation be fate, the hmwfj will be by
t^L-HUal mtdicines, orefcar^tlcks. Wijenun's Surg.

1 pri'pofcd eradicating by efcaroticks, and began
with a ciiufiUk ftone. ' Wtjtman's Surgery.

Air too hot, cold, and moilt, abounding per-
haps with cauflick, allringcnt, and coagulating par-
ticles. Arbathmt.

Ca'ustick. H.f. A burning application.

It was atendernefs to mankind, that introduced
corroAves and caufiUh, which are indeed but arti-
6cial fires. Tcmflt.

The piercing ciiuftUktf\y their fpiteful pow'r,
Eir.tiicks ranch, and keen catharticks fcour.

Cartb.
.CA'UTEL. n.f. [cautela. Lat.] Caution;
fcruplq : a word difyfed.

Perhaps he loves you now;
And now no foil of c»uttl dothbcfmirch
The virtue of his will. Shaktjfeart.

Ca'utei.ous. aJj. [cauteJeux, Fr.]

,j. Cautious; wary; provident. Notinufe.

Palkidio doth wiOi, like a cautihut artifan, that

the inward walls mightbear fomc good Ihare in the

burden. , Ifiiton.

.>>. Wily ; cunning ; • treacherous.

Of thcmfclves, for the mod part, they are fo

cauteious and wily headed, efpecially being men of

fo fmall experience and practice in law matters,

- that you would wonder whence they borrow fuch

fubtilties and fly (hifts. Sfetiftr on Irthnd.

Your fon
Will or exceed the common, or be caught
With cauttLiui baits and pradlicc. Shahffeart.
Ca'utelpuslv. ad'v. [from caute/ous.]
I. Cunningly; flily ; treacheroufly. Not
in ufe. /

All pretorian courts, if any of tjie parties be laid
afleep, under pretence of a retirement, and the
other party doth caut^hujly get the ftart and ad-
vantage ; yet they will fet back all things in Jiatu
j!>o prius, Bai^n^s War witb Spain,

a. Cautiou/Iy ; warily.

The Jews, not refolved of the fciatica fide of
Jacobi do caurelnjly, in their diet, abftain' from
both. Brmvn.

t'CAUTFRizA'TlON. »./. [froox Cauterize.]
The aft of burning flslh with hot irons,
or caulUc medicaments.

Tb«y require, after caulerixatitui, no fuch ban-
dage, as that thereby you need to fear interception
of the fpirits. fVijman.

Ta Ca'uterize. -v. a. [cauttri/er, Fr.] To
burn with the cautery.

For each true word a blifler, and each falfe
Be eavtrrixaig to the root o* th' tongue,
Cnnfumin^it wijh fpeaking.., Shahrfftarc.

No m.uvcl though cantharides have fuch a cor-

rofive and cautcrtxing<^ui\\x^ \ for there is not one

ether of the infeUa, but is brad of a d-Jler matter.

Bacm't Ntlurai llifliy.

' CAW

The defign of the cautery is to prewnt the canal
from doting ; but the operators confefs, that, in
perfons CMtcrisud, the tears trickle down ever
afVer. Sharp' t Surgtry,

CA'UTERY. n.f. \yjx'^, uro.)

Cautery is either adual or potential; the firft is
burning by a hot iron, and the latter with caufiick
medicines. The a6ti|>l eauiery is gonerally ulVd
to ftcp mortification, by burning the dead parts to
the quick; or to flop the cflufion of blood, by
fearing up the vcflels. ^erngf.

In heat of fight it will be necefTary to have your
aAual cauttry always ready ; for that will fecure
the bleeding arteries in a moment, ffifeiran'i Surg,

CA'UTION.»./. [caution, Fr. cautio, Lat.]

1 . Prudence, as it refpefts danger ; fore-
fight ; provident care ; warinefsagainll
evil.

2. Security for.

Such canditions, and cauiiom of the condition,
as might ail'ure with aj much aiTurance as worldl)
matters bear. Sidmy.

The Cedar, upon this new acqueft, gave him
part of Baccharia for cauihx for his difburfcments.

Hcm,l.

The parliament would yet give his majefty fuf-
ficient caution that the war fliould be profecutcd.

Clarer.cicn.

He that objefis any crime, ought to give cauti-.n,
by the means of furetics, that he will perfevcre in
the prolecution of fuch crimes, jiylifft't Partrg^r..

3. Provifion or fecurity againil.

In defplle of all the rules and c^afiMj of govern-
ment, the moll dangerous and mortal of vices will
come off. L*£Jlrange.

4. ProvJfionary precept.

Attention to tlie forcmcntioned fymptoms af-
fords the belt caulitms and rules of diet, by way of
preventiois, Arhutbnot.

5. Warning.

ToCa'ution. t. a. [from the noun.]
To warn ; to give notice of a danger.

How ihall our thought avoid the various fnare?
Or wiTdom to our eaution'd foul declare
The dlffrent fliapes thou picafell to employ,
When bent to hurt, and certain to delhoy ? Prinr,

You cauiion'd me againli their charms.
But never gave me equal arms. Swift.

Ca'u t I o n a r y . adj. [from citutien.'] Given
as i pledge, or in fecurity. ^

I am maue the cautionary pledge.
The gage and hoftage of your keeping it. Souiherne.

Is there no fecurity for the ifland of Brita'.j ^
Has the enemy no cautionary tnwns and fea-ports
to give us for fccuring trade ? Sivlft.

Ca'utious. adj. [from eauttu, Lat.]
Wary ; watchful. \

Bo cautious of him ; for he is fometimes an in-
conllant {over, becaufe be hath a great advantage.

Siviff.

Ca'utiously. ad<v. [from cautious.] In
an attentive, wary manner ; warily.

They know how fickle common lovers are :
Their oaths and vows arc cauiitiujly bcliev'd ;
For few there are but have been once deceiv'd.

Dryden.

Ca'utiousness. n.f. [from cautieui.]
.Watchfulnefs ; vigilance ; clrcurafpec-
tion ; provident care ; prudence with
refpeft to danger.

1 could not but approve their generous con-
ilancy and cautKuJnrji. ^'ng CbarUi.

We Qiould always aft with jreat ruiiri'/v/nr/i an.i
circumfpedlion, in points where it is uot impollible
that we may be deceived. jiddi'sn.

To Caw. v. n. [taken from the found.]
To cry as the rook, taven, or crow.

RuHet-pated choughs, many in fort, *
Riling and ca^uing at the gun's report. Sbaktfp,
A waUc of aged elms, fo very highj that the

C E D

rooks and crows upon the topi ittm to be tatviif
in another region. jtdjijen.

The r Mk, who high amid the boughs.
In early fpringj-hij airy city builds.
And ceafelefs caxut. Ibomjor's Spring.

To CEASE, ai.ti. [cefer, Fr. ceji. Lat. J

1. To leave off; to ftop; to give over ; to
defift : withyVow before a noun.

Th»lives of all, who cenje/rom combat, fpare ;
My brother's be your nwft peculiar care. Dryicr,

2. To fail ; to be cxtinfl ; to pafs awfcy.

The poor man ftiall never ceaje oat of the land.
Deuteroremy..
The foul being removed, the faculties and ope-
rations of life, fenfe, and intelledion, ceafe from
tl»t nolei corptrtt, and are no longer in it.

Balit Origin of Mankind'

3. To be at an end.

But now the wonder ceafesy fince I fee
She kept them only, Tityrus, for thee. Diydcitt

4. To reft.

The roinifters of Chrift hare ctafed from their
labours. Spratt.

7b Cease, v. a. To put a flop to; to

put an end to.

Importune him for monies : be not ccas'i
With flight denial. Sbaktfpttrt.

You may fuoncr, by imagination, quicken or
flack a motion, than raife or ceajc it ; as it is eaficr
to make a dog go ilower, than to make him ftand
ftill. Bacon's Natural Hiflory,

Ciafe then this impious rage. Alilton,

But he, her fears to ceafe.
Sent down the mecV-cyed peace. Milton,

The difcord is complete, nor can they ccaje
The dire debate, nor yet command the peace. Dryd.

Cease, k./. [from-tbe verb.] Extindion ;
failure : perhaps for ducafe.

The ceate of majcily
Dies not alone, but, like a gulph, withdraws
What's near it with it. Sbaktjpeari,

CtASiLtss. adj. [from cea/e.] Inceuant;
perpetual; continual; without paufe ;
without Hop ; without end.

My guilticis bloo;t muft qutnch the ceafcicj's fire.
On which my cndlcls tears were bootlcls Ipcnt.

Fairfax,
All thefe with ciafrhfs praife his works beho'.d.
Both day and night. Milton,

Like an oak
That ftands fecure, though all the winds employ
Their ccajtlrfs roar ; ard only (beds its leaves.
Or mall, which the revolving fpring reltores.

Pbilipi.

Ce'citv. h./, [aecitaSfLit.] Blindnefs ;
privation of fight.

They are not blind, nor yet diftinftly fee; there
is in them no cecityy yet more than a cecuticncy ;
they have fight enough todifcernthe light, though
not perhaps to diftinguifli cbjefls or coloui-s.

Brotvns Vulgar Errours,

Cecu'tiency. n.f. [cdtculie, Lat.] Ten-
dency to blindnefs ; cloudinefs of fight.
There is in them no cecity, yet more than ^
cccuticttcy. Broivn's Vulgar Errours,

CE'DAR. n.f. [cedrus, Lat.] A tree.

It is evergreen; the leaves are much narrower
than thofe of the pine tn*, and many of them pro-
duced out of one tubercle, refembling a painter's
pencil ; it hath male fimvers, or katkins, produced
at remote liirtanccs from the fiuiton the fame cee.
The fec.ls arc produced in large cones, fquam^'fc
and turbinated- The extenfion of the branches is
very regular in crdar trees; the ends of the ihoots
declining, and thereby flicwing their upper furface,
which is conftantly cloathed with green leaves, fo
regularly, as to appear at a difla ^ce like a green
carpet, and, in waving about, make an agreeable
profpcft. It is furpriling that this tree has not been
more cultivated in England ; for it would be a great
ornament to barren bleak mountains, evn in Scot-
land, where few other trees wouje gi«wj it being a
native of Mount Libanus, 'where the fnow con-
tinues

C E L

■iiflutj moft part of die year. M«uni3rel, in his
Travels, fays, he meafured ooe of the largeft cedan
en Mount Libanus, and found it to be twelve yards
fix inches in circumference, and found. At about
Ave or Ax yards from the ground, it was divided
Into iive limbs, each of which was equal to a great
tree. The wood .f this famous tree is accounted
proof againll the putrefaAion of animal bodies.
The faw-duft is thought to be one of the fecrets
ufed by the mountebanks, who pretend to have
the embalming myftery. This wood is aifo faid
to yield an oil, which is famous for preferving
books and writings ; and the wood is thought by
Bacon to continue above a thoufand years found.

MllUr. ■
I mull yield my body to the earth :
Thus yields the ctdar to the axe's edge,
Whofe arms gave flielter to the princely eagle;
Under whofe ftade the rampant lion flept ;
Whofe top branch overpeer'd Jove's fpreading tree.
And kept low ihruba from winter's pow'rful wind.

SbahEfpeare*
Ce'drine. «<^'. [ceJn'nus, Lzt.] Of or

belonging to the cedar tree.
To CEIL. V. a. \_cieio, Lat.] To overlay,

or cover, the inner roof of a building.

And the greater houfe he ctiitd with fir-tree,
which he over-laid with fine gold. i Ctronieks.

How will he, from his houfe ttiltd with cedar,
be content with his Saviour's lot, not to have
where to lay his head ? Dicay cfPicly.

Ce'iling. «./, [from «//.] The inner
roof.

Varniih makes ce'ilhp not only |]iiae,butlaft.

Bacui,
* And now the thicken'd iky

Like a dark cei/ing ftood ; down rufli'd the rain
Impetuous. Milti-Ti^i Pamd'tfe LoJ}.

So when the fun by day, or moon by night.
Strike on the poljih'd brafs their trembling light.
The glJtt'ring fpecies here and there divide.
And cad their dubious beams from fide to fide :
Now on the walls, now on the pavement play,
And to the ceiling flaih the glaring day. Drydcn.

Ce'landine. ». /. \chelidoneum, Lat.]
A plant.
The fwallows ufe alstid'au, the linneteuphragia.

M^re.
Cf'l-ATURE. n.f. [ca/atura, Lu.} The

art of engraving, or cutting in figures,
re CE'LEBRATE. t. a. [celeiro. Lit.]
1 . To praife ; to commend ; to give praiie
to ; to make famous.

T!ie fongs of Sion were pfalms and pieces of
yoetry, that adored or C4fiiraied the Supreme Being.

jiddi.on.

I would have him read over the ctfeirand wnrki

«f antiquity, which have ftood the teft of fo many

different ages. Mdifin.

3. To diftinguifh by folemn rites; toper-
form iblemnly.

He flew all them that were gone to cekbraie the
Cibbatb. iMaccatcei.

On thefeaft.dar, the father comcth forth, af^er
divine fcxdcc, into a large room, where tiie fcaft
is cihhrtttd. Bacon.

3. To mention in a fet or folemn manner,
whether of yay or forrow.

This paufe i>f pow'r 'tis Ircland'shour to mourn ;
While England ciltirjtri your fife return. Orydtn.
Celebra'tion. n.f. \ixOXR celebrate. '\
]. Solemn performance; folemn remem-
brance.

He laboured to drive forrow from her, and to
haften the cilttraii'jr. of tl)fir marri.igc, Sidney.

He (hall conccjl it.
While you arc willing it (hjtl come to note ;
What time we will our celtlralim keep.
According to my birih. tthakrfftart.

During the uUhraiim o( this holy facrament, you
jitund caineiliy to what it done by the prieft.

layhr.

Vol. I. ^

C E L

2. Praife; renown; memorial-^

No more (hall be added in this pll ce, his me-
mory deferving a particular celtbration , than thift
his learning, piety, and virtue, have Uec.n attained
by few. CMrcudov,

Some of the ancients may be thought fom.etimes
to have ufed a lefs number of letters, by the <i/t-
iratian of thofe who have added tn their alphabet.
Holder's Elemtnis cf Speirb.

Cele'brious. aJj. [cekber, Lat.] Fa-
mous ; renowned ; rioted. Not in ufe.

The Jews, Jcrufalem, and the Temple, having
been always lo celebrioui ; yet when, after their
captivities,. they wcte defpoiled of their glory, even
then the Afl'yrians, Greeks, and Ramans, ho-
noured with facrifices the Moft High God, whom
that nation worlhipped. Grrw,

Cele'briously. aef'v. [from cekbrious.l

In a famous manner.
Cele'briousn ess. n.f. [£rom celebriom.]

Renown ; fame.
Cele'brity. n.f. [«/fir;/fl/, Lat.] Pub-
lick and fplendid tranfadlion.

The manner of her receiving, and the cekhrity
of the marriage, were performed with great mag-
nificence. Bdcrjn.

Cele'riacic. n.f. A fpecies of parfley ;

it is alfo called turnep rooted celery. ■
Cble'rity. n.f. [ctleritas, Lat.] Swift-
nefs ; fpeed ; velocity.

We very well fee in them, who thus plead, a
wonderful cr/rn>y of difcourfc : for, perceiving at
the fitll but only fome caul'e of fufpicion, and
fcar left it fhould be evil, they are prefently, in
one and the felf-fame breath, refolved, that what
beginning fuever it had, there is no poflibility it
fliould be good, Hockei:

His former cullom and pradlice was ever full of
fotwardnefs and celerity to make bead againlt them.

£ac6n.

Thus, with imagin'd w!ng5, ourfwiftfcene flies,

In motion with no loTs celeriiy

Than that of thought. Sbakejfcare.

Three things concur to make a prrcuffion great ;

the bignefs, the denfity, and the celerity of the body

moved. Dighy.

Whatever encreafeth the denfity of the blood,

even without cncreafing its celerity, heats, becaufe

a denfer body is hotter than a rarer.

^rbutbrtot en Alimenti.
Ce'lery. ». /. A fpecies of parfley;

which fee.
CELE'STIAL. adj. [cclej}is, Lat.]
I. Heavenly; relating to the fuperiour
regions.

1 here flay, until the twelve ceUJIial figns
Have brought about their annual reckoning. Shak.

The ancients commonly applied ccltjlial t^cfcxi^-
tions of other climes to their own.

£r'.*wn i Vulgar Errours.

t. Heavenly ; relating lo the blcffed (late.

Play that f.id note
I nam'd my knell, whiG!l I fit meditating
On th:>t crljlial harmony I go to. ibahffeare,

3. Heavenly, with refpeft to excellence.

Canft th.j pretend defire, whom icaX infl.im'd
To worihip, and a powr ceiejliiil nam'd ? Drydcn.

Telemachus, his bloomy face
Glowing ctlijiial iwcet, with gi.dlik'; grice. Pcfe.

Cele'stial. a.f. [from the adj.] An
inhabitant of heaven.

Thus atfahic and mild the prince precedes.
And to the dome th' unknown celcflia! leads. Pope,

Cele'stially. adv. [from celejfiaj.] In

a h»avenly manner.
To Cr i.F.'sTiKY. "v.a. [from «/(/?/.!, Lat.]

To give fomcthiu^r of heavenly nature

to any thing. Not ufed.

We Ihuiild atfirm, that all things were in all
things, that heaven were but caith teiteiirified.

" C E Mr

and earth but heaven cehjiifed, or that each parf
above had influence upon its affinity below.

Brs^vn's Vulgar Erreurs*

Ce'LtACK. etc//. [xol^l<I, the belly.] Re-
lating to the lower belly.

The blood moving flowly tJ\rough the celiack
and mcfentciick arteries, produces complaints.

Arbuthnct cm AHwents,

Ce'libacy. ». /. [from Caleb iy Lat.]
Single life ; unmarried flate.

I can attribute their numbers to nothing but-
their frequent marriages; for they XouV on celibacy
ae an accurfed ft^ite, and generally are married be-
fore twenty. Sfeffutcr.

By teaching them how to carry themlclves in
their relations of hulbands and wives, parents and
children, they have, without queftion, adorned the
gofpel, glorified God, and benefited man, mucii
more than they could have done iij the de\outeft
and ftrifteft a/ii-jijffc A.'lcrbury.

Ce'libate. n.f. [ccelibatut, Lat.] Sin-
gle life.

The males obll^s themfelves. to celibate, an^
then multipLication is hindeied. Craun:.

CELL, n.f [cella, Lat.]
I. A fmall cavity or hollow place.

The brain contains ten thoufand ceiU ;
In each fome a^ive fancy dwells. Priar^

How bees for ever, thougli a monarch reign,
Their fep'rate celh and properties maintaia. Pope.

z. The cave or little habitation of a reli-
gious perfon.

BefideSv (he did intend confcflion
At Patrick's all this ev'n ; and there Ihe was not.

Ukakejpcaret

Then did religion in a lazy celt.
In empty, airy contemplations dwell. Dcnhnm..

3. A fmall and elofc apartment in a prifon.

4. Any fmall place of refidence ; a cot-
tage.

Mine eyes he clos'd, but open left the cell
Of fancy, my internal fight. Miltm's Par. Lifi,
For ever in this humble cell
Let thee and 1 together dwell. Prior*

In cottages and lowly celh
I True piety neglefted dwells j

Till call'd to hcav'n, its native feat,
Whcie the good man aloi.c is great. Sovrcrv*

5. Little bags or bladders, where fluids,
or matter of different forts, are lodged j
common both to animals and plants.

S^uincy.
Ce'llar. ». / [c'Ha, Lat.] A place
under ground, where ftores and liquors
are repofitcd.

If tlii? fellow had lived in the time of Cato,
he would, for his punifiiment, have been confined
to the bottom of a (ellar during his life,

PeaJiam 5» Drawing.

Cb'i.LaraCE. n.f. [from cellar.] The

part of the building which makes tn»

cellars.

Come on, you hear this fellow in the eellar.igr. .

Sbahip^'irU

A good afcent makes a houfe wholefome, auJ
gives opportunity for cellamge,

Mortimer's Ht^^andry,

Cb'llarist. n.f [«//ar/ar, Lat.] 'J'he

butler in a religious houfe. Diet.

Ce'llular. adj. [cel/uln, Ij.1t.] Confift-

ing of little cells or cavities.

The urine, infinuating itfelf amongft the neigh-
bouring mufcles, and cellular membranes, dcftroy- \
ed four. Sbarp's Sutf^fty.

C e'i.s I T u D E. »./. [ci'lfitiido, Lat.] Height.

CE'MENT. n.f. [cctmentim. Lat,]
1. The matter Ttiih which two bodies are
made to cuhcrt, as mortar or glue.

O 0 Your

. C E N

Your templM burned in their ttmnf^ itii your
Ti uchifcs confined into »n aogrt's bortk Sbak^.

There is a etmni cumi>oun<)eil n( Hour, whites
efe^t, an J Hones powdered) tb« becumcth hard
av inarbir. •»<'"''•

■ Yr,u IT.1) fee di«rs pebbies, and a cruft of ctwtni
•r n^ne between them, a« hard a< the pebbles
thcmfelves. B«««.

Thi- founditioft was ma^e of rough ftonc.jyintii
togetlisr with • mod firm efmeni; ^pon this w-ai
U\A another layer, confiiling of fmall ftones aiil ]
t,mat. Arhathniit m Ci'r.i^y

z. Bond of union in fnendlhip. j

l-Tt not the peace of Tirtue, which is fee j

lietwixt us as the cmmt of our love,
'r» keep it builded, be the ram to batter. Shal.

What etMent Oiould unite* heaven and earth,
Bght and darknefs f GlanvilU-

Look over the whote ereatieniandyou fliall lee,
that the band or <tir.erl, thatholdj together all the
parts of ibis great and glorious fabrick, is gratitude.

Sottlb.

to Ceme'nt. "v. a. [from the noun.) To
unite by raeans of ibmethinginterpofed.

But how the fear of as
May crment their di»ifions, and bind up
The petty difference, wc yet not know. Shakef(>>

Liquid bodies have nocliing to lemni them ; they
ate all ' loofc and incoherent, and lii a perpetual
flax : even »n heap of fand, or fine powdery will
fulTcr no hoUownefs within them, though they be
dry fuliftances. Burnet's Ttecry of the Earth.

Love with wh'.te lead amfis his wings ;
White lead was fent us to repair

Two brigfateft, brittleft, earthly things.
Amity's fwe, and china ware. S'zvift.

To Ceme'nt. -v. n. To come into con-
junSion ;. to cohere.

■ Whin a wound ii itccnt, and the parts sf .it
are divided by a (harp inftriiment, they will, if
held inclefe contact for f^me tjnie, reurite by in.-
ofculacion, and tttmnz like one brartch of a tree
iiigrlftedon another. Sharp's Surgery.

Ceme'nteh. «./. [from cement .'\ A per-
fun oj thing that unites in fociety.

G:>d having dcfignco man for a fociable crea-
ture, furnifljed him with language, which was to
be the great instrument and ctmcr.itr of fociety.

Locke.

CeMENtA'Tid».«./. [from «««/,] The

: !i& of cementing, or uniting with ce-
ment.

Ce'metery. It./. [voijM.tilijfior.] A place
where th« dead are r^pofited.

Ihe fouls of the dead appear frequently in «-
r)<leria,tnA hover about t1\e places where their
bodies are buried, as ftill ha:ikeriing about their
old brutal plcafures, and defiring again to enter the

. bod). jlddiftm.

C E N , and C I N , denote kinsfdk : fo Cinulph
is a help to his kindred; Cittthehn, a
■prottftor of his kinsfolk ; Cinburg, the

• defence of his kindred ; Cinric, power-
ful in kindred. Gih/on.

Ce'natory. ntij. [from ctno, to fup,
' Lat.] Relating to fupper.

The Romans wafhed, were anointed, and wore
a unai-rj garment ; and the fime was praUifed by
them. £rvwn't yuigjr Erreun,

Ceuobi'ticai.. at/J. [xoo^ and ^iO-.j
Living in community.

They ha-.e mtiltituJi's of religious orders, black
and grey, ccmitical and cinU'Wual, and nuns.

Siiinnifietl.

Ce'kotaph. n /. [«('><&- and T<(^®<.] A
monument for one buried elfewhcre,

Pri.im, to whom the ftory was unknown,
As dca'l deplor'd his mrtaroorphos'd fon j
A iifiotafh hia name and title kept.
And He£tor round cbc tomb with all hit brothers
WcpU PrjJm's Feblts.

C E N

'I'he fi uhenlana, when they loft any men at fca,
railed a tenMtfb, at empty monument.

Nua en ihi OJyp}.

Cense . „.f. [eenjut, Lat.] Poblick rate.

^ e fee what floods of trcafure have flmvcd into

Eu/npe by that action; fo that the coj/e, or rates

oj Chrillendoni, are raifed Cnce ten times, )e«

twenty times told. Bit't-r.

To CiitiSt. 'V. a. ItHceit/er, Ft.] Toper-

ifume with odours : contracted from in-
ce»t/e-
The Salii (ing, and cerfe his altars round
With Saban fmoke, their heads with p.-.plar bonnJ.

Dr}iU.n,
Gtineus was near, and call a furious loniv
On the CJe altar, ««'</ witli factcd fmoke,
And bright with ftaming fires. DryJir.

Ce'nser, »./. [encenfoir, Fr.]

1. The pan or veflel in which inceafe is
burned.

Antoninus gave Piety, in hia money, like a
lady wfth a cenfer before an altar.

Ptaiham tn Dratv'wg.
Of incenfe clouds ,
Fuming from golden cenfen, hid the mount. MUt.

2, A pan in which any thing ia burned ;
fire-pan.

Here 's fnip, and nip, and cut, and flifli, and
llulb.
Like to a cenfer in a barber's (hop. Shakiffeare.

Ce'nsion. «./. [«»/?», Lat.] Aratc, an
aflcflinent.

God intended this cenfim only for the blefTed
Virgin and her fon, that Chtift might be boru
where helhould. J'S't^ ^''''''•

Ce'nsor. n,f, \ceitfor, Lat.]

1 . An officer of Rome, who had the power
of correcting manners.

2. One who is given to cenfure and ex-
probation.

Ill-natur'd cenfon of thtf prefcnt age,
And fond of all ti»c follies of the paft. Rofccmrrcr.

The moft levere ctnjor cannot but be pleafed
with the prodigality of his wit, though, at the
fame time, he could have wilhcd, that the mafler
of it had been a better manager. Drydef,

• CENSo'RiAN.iJd)'. [itom ceiifir,] Relating
to the cenfor.

As the chancery had the prctorian power for

equity, fo the ftarchamber had the cenfor'tan power

for oftcnces under the degree of capital. £act«,

CENSo'Rtovs. ttdj. [from cen/or.1

I . Addifted to cenfure ; fevere ; full of

inveftives.

Do not too many believe no relii;ion to be puirc,
but what is intcmperately rigid ? no zeal fo be Ipi-
ritual, but what n cerfor'ums, or vindicative? Sfratt.

O let thy prefencc make my travels light !
And potent Venus (hall exalt my name
Above the i umours bi ctnfrhui famew Prior,

3. Sometimes it has j/" before theobjefljof
reproach.

A dogmatical fpirit inclines a man to be cenf'>-
ri'/vi cfhU neighbours. IFatli on the Mind.

3. Cometimes on.

He treated ail his inferiours of the clergy with
a ro'-fl fanitifiea pride j was rigoroufly and univer-
fally ctnforieas^ uJkh all bis brethren ol the gown.

Stvift.

Censo'riously. adv. \ttom cenfortciis.l

In a fevere rcflefting manner.
Ce N So'r iou s NESS. «./. [itotfi cert/orkui.]
Difpofition to reproach j hXbit of re-
proaching. ,

Sournefs of difpo&tion, and rudenct^ of beha-
viour, frii/«-wtf/7i^fi and hsuXtT interpre'tation ot
things, all crufs and diiiafteful humours, render the
converfaiion of men grievous and uneafy to one
anoUicii 'fiUotfon,

C E N

Ce'nsorship. «./ [from «/j/Jr.J

I. The office of a cenfor.

z. The tim» in which the office of cenfor

is born.
It was brought to Rotne In the cenfuffip of

Claudius. Br^toti'iValgar Etraun.

Ce'nsorable. «/^'. [from«»/arf.] Wor-
thy of cenfure ; blameable ; culpable.

A fmall milUke may leave upaa the mind the
lading memory of having been taunted for foroc.
thinj ctrfurabU. L^icke,

Ce'nsu iiABLENESs. M, f, ifrom cettjum-
ile.] Blameablenefs ; fitnefs to be cen-
furcd.

CE'NSURE. *./ [een/ura, LAtin.l

1. Blame; reprimand; reproach.

Enough for half the grcatell of thefc days
To 'icipe my ccr/an, not expeit ny praile. Ps/se.-

2. Judgment; opinion.

Maaam, andjrou, my filler, will you go
To give your cinfura in this weighty bufinefs ?

, Sbaiifp.artm

3. Judicial ientence.

To you, lord governour.
Remains the eenfurt of this hellifh villain. Shjk.

/}.. A fpiritual punifhment inflifted by fome

ecclefiaftical judge. Ayliffe's Parergon.

Upon the unfucccfsfulnefs of milder meaica-

meiits, ufc that ftronger phyfick, the cirfunt of

the church. Hammonds

To Ce'nsure. v. a. [een/urer, Fr.]

1 . To blame ; to brand publickly.

The like cerfur'mgt and defpifings have embii»
tereJ the fpirit;i, aua whetted both the<ongues and
pens qf learned men one agalnft inoi\\tr,Sanderf'.n*

2. To condemn by a judicial fentence.
Ce'nsurer,. »./ [from c-en/ure.] He that

blames ; he that reproaches.

We muft not ftint
Our neceflary aSions, in the fear
To cope malicious cenfarers. Sbak. Hetiry VIII.
A ftatefman, who is pofleftof real merit, Ihould
look upon his political ccnfurirs with the fame
neglefl that a good writer regards his criticks.

AtUifoftt
Cent. »./ [f^«/»»», Lat. a hundred.] A
hundred ; as, five per cent, that is, five
in the hundred.
Ce'nxaur. »./. [«i»^tfari(/, Lat.]
I . A poetical being, fuppofed to be com-
pounded of a man and a horfe.

Down from the waift they are centtiun, though

women all above. Sbakefpeart.

The idea of a centaur has no more falfchood in

, it than the name ctntjur. L.cie,

12. The archer in the zodiack.

The chcarlefs empire of the (ky
To Capricorn the Ctntaur archer v icldl. Tior/c*.
Cb'ntaury, greater and le/t. [centauri'
um.] Two plants.

Add pounded galls, and rofes dry.
And with Cecropian ihyme fttong Icented etmaury,

Ce'ntbnary. n. /. [i«j/fn/irm, Lat.]
The number of a hundred.

In every cetiicr.ary of years from the creation,
fome fmall abatement ihoold have been made.

Hakrtvi// on Providence^

Cente'simal. n. /. [^centfjtmus, Lat.]
Hundredth ; the next Itep of progreffioa
after decimal in the arithmctickof frac-
tions.

The negleft of a few centifmali in the fide of
the cube, would bring it to an equality with the
cube of a foot. Arhuthnot on Coins.

Centifo'lious. (it/J. [from centum and

folium, Lat.] Having an hundred leaves.

Ce'ntipeds.

C E N

Cb'ntipidi. n.f. [from «»/4« and /«.]
A poifonous infeft in the Weft Indies,
commonly called by the Englilh forty
legs. o J J

CE-NTO. n.f. ^-mtc, Lat.] A compofi-
tion formed by joining fcraps from other
authors.

It is quilted, as it were, out of ftreds of divers
poets, fuch as fcholars call a cento. Umden\ Rem.

If any man think the poem a cento, our poet
will but have done the fame in jell which Boileau
d^d in eameih Adwtifcmenl to Pope'i Dunctad.

Central, adj. \i'!oxa. centre.\ Relating
to the centre; containing the centre;
placed in the centre, or middle.

There Mi now, and was then, a fpace or cavihr in
the ««r<,/ parts of it; fo large as to gire reception
to that mighty roafs of water.

TT L • I , - ff^vid-warifi Natural Hiftorv.

Umbriel, a Aa!ky melancholy fprite,
DovTO to the central eartA, his proper fcene.
Repairs. p^,., j,^^^ ^j- ^^. ^^^^_

tE NTRALLy. adv. [from centralA With
regard to the centre.

Though one of the feet molt commonly bears
tie weight, ,et the whole weight reils clmralh
upon It. n J

CE,7^TRE. n.f. [centrum:, Lat.] The Sid":
die ; that whicli is equally diliant from
all extremities.
The heav-ns themfelra, the planets, and this

Centrff
Obferve degree, priority, and place, Shahhcare.

fir. T ^""^ " '""'«' "'' * «"'"' body'all of
:,f (f *■ * proceeding from it would diffnfe
«felf everyway; fo th.t the faurce, ferving ?o
the rw.'r, there, wculd b. round about an hu^^e
fphe« 01 fite and light „.^i,. „ BoZ.

ToQz NTRE. V. a. [from the noun.]
I. lo place on a centre; to fcc as on a
centre.

n J?"! IV^ \ """'"^' '"'' '•>« otl^f turfl.y 1

*";ndthroa|h the vaft profundity obfcure; JW//.

2. To colleft to a poiqt. ■ '

By thy each look, and though^ and eare. 'tis
inown, '

Thy joys are rarnrrf ail in me alone- /.„v

He may take a range all the world o»er, and

'Tvl^e"' nd^' *"^ "^ 'nd circ„„,feren« oft
and vice, and centre it in his own breaft. S^th

O imyudcnt, regardful r.i thy own.
Whole thoughts are «r/r,</ on thyfelf alone! Dr^d
T« Centre, nj, n. ■'

I. To reft on; to repofe on; as bodies
when they gan an equilibrium.

Where there Is no vlfiUe tnith wherein to centre
-. T" L 1 1 . . Decay <,f Piett,

2. To be placed m tie midft or centre.

As Cod in hsav'n
Is centre, yet exrenda to all ; f„ thcu,
^^"Y . ««i V -ft tVom ali thofe orbs. Mi/ton.

3- To be colleaed to a point.

What hopes you had in Uiomede, lay down:
Our hope, muft centre on ourfelves alone. Or/den.
u,;il^l"T'"' '"!'™"''-<'8ment3 of the body

to aim at the common benefit. jiircriuJ

It wa, attert.c, by the viiible centring of ali t^^

old prophecies in the perfon of Chriil.^and by tL

C£ NTRicK.*^. [from««r^.] Placed In
the centre.

Some, tha' have d^ejer digg'd in mine than I,
Say where hi, c.r.tr,ck happi„,f, doth ^e. D,r„^

CENTRiru CAL. y^. [from ..„/.,„, ami
>1/^, Lat.] Having the quality acquired
byb<xlies ,„ motion, of receding from
the centre. ^

C E R

TJwy defcribei an hyperbola, by chaniiine the
centripetal into ^ ce.trijilal force. ^ ?c?J.;

:i"V^Vi.' "'^J- tfroH' -""•«« and
peto, i,at.J Having a tendency to the
centre ; having gravity.

The direaio;n of the force, whereby the planets
rerolve i„ thoir orbits, is towards their centifs

tive, in reff.ea of the central b.My : and eentrwc
tal, in relp.a of the re^oIving body.' CtZe.

V-E NTRY.I

Se'ntry. J ^^^ Sentinel.

To Centu'plicate. -v. a. [antupUca.
turn ofce^ttm andflico, Lat.] To make
8 hundred fold ; to repeat a hundred
times. ■ jj.

^"CEKTti-RrA'TE. ^.a [«../i);;;, La't.j
1 o divide into hundreds. '

CENTUR.A-TOR.^.y: [from ««/««..] A
,R^e given to hiftorians. who. diltin-
gujla times by centuries ; which is ^e-
PeraJy the method o/ ecclefurtical hif-
tory.

thTl(^'^'"'TT "* Magdebur? vrere the firft
that difcayered th,i grand iaipofture.

«-r" "'"r?- ''•^- [^'«"-^'^> Latin. l^i^
military officer among the Romans, who
commanded an hundred men.

one""Th" "•"". «="*?' f^y yo" ?-A moft royal
wn. 7- """"'"". -'"d their charges, dif}inaiv
billeted m the entertainment, and to be' on Ztl
an hour s warning. VA,A,,k

A 1^ , '^; '--^ [--^"/"r/^, Lat]
,1., A hundred: ufually employer to^ fpe-
city time ; as. the fecond ctmury.

our iovs"aft/ °/ """"^ '' f"'*"' "'^«' *»»8^
our joys, after fome teniuria of years, may feem

to have grown older by having been enjoyed fo
n«i»y age,, yet will the/real,y ftln contlnui new.

- Mrt"l ."T;'"'^'' *h!KrVerie.' j, h.p^i *^'''*
m,ch ,n foft„«„,i,ftal| fmoothlyrun Z)rj,^,„.

bilhof often ended 1„ the martyr. ^MLfi„,

'..hj fometimes nfed fiinply for ahun-

Romulus. as you may read, did divide the R„.
Cre'dt ''''■"' '"'''''^^'^« -'---- -

When with wood leaves and weeds I 'vetr'ew'j
nis grave.
And on it fald a century of pray'rs,
Such as 1 can,_nvice oVr/m weep and H.h. S/.k.

u-'l r '.".""' '" t''^ "am" of men,
thofe that the Saxons landed in. GiU^„
he7d:cL^"" "-^ [«^^«X«M«.] T^e

^h !!,t^^^''^• '"'y-j"^-'''"-! That whifh

IS medicinal to the head.

blJjf'r''"* ""^"'''f"- »■•'■• all fuch as attenuate the
blood, fo «, to make It circulate eaiily throueli
tlie capillary velfel. of the brain. * ^

inarS15'b"f?mr"' '"'"'"-"'' '"^^"'^''^-^
, Jiwing horns , or fuppofed to hav^e ihem.

Scoipi.n, a„d ^Sf. af,.l ampl.iikena dire;
^ C-„..//,ih.rnd,hyj,u,,,„a flops drear. MUion.

C E R

Ce'rate. tt./. [cer», Lat. wax.] A me.
dicne made of wax, which, with oil, or
feme Oder fubftance, makes a confif,
tence lofter than a plafter. ^,

t-E RATED. ««^. [cer^tus. Lat.] Waxed;
covered with wax.

nCERE. <:;.«. [from ..r^. Lat. wax.]'
X o wax. -■

ftrong brown thread cered, about half an inch roiu
^ the edges 01 tuchps. _ ^^j^^J^

>>-£ REBEL, a./ [cerebellum, Lat.] Part of
the brain.

In the head of man, the bafc of (4,e brain a„J

Worn"' ' '''""' '"' *"" P"""'^' "> "•'■

Ce^rhcloth. ,,./. [(vom cere Mi^cll'tTA

Uoth fmeared oyer with glutinous mat--

ter, uled to wounds and bruiles.

_ The ancient Ejjyptian mumm'ies were ftixjuded
ma number of f„)d, of U„en, befmeafed wi h
gnms, m manner of cerecloth. Bacon

"^ rM *I"-Y- "--^ f^'°'" "'"' r-«. wax.]
Cloths dipped in melted wax, with
which dead bodies were iiifolded'whea
they were embalmed.

Let me not burft in ignorance, but tell
Why canoniied bones, hc^rfea in eavtb,
Wayeburft their c«-«:.„r,? Siukeffecre.

CERtMONiAL. adj. [from ceretttoty.l
I. Kelating to ceremony, or outward rite:
• riuial. '

What mockeryiwin it be, y

To wantthefaridcgioom, when the prieU'attends
i o fpeak the cercnor.iai rites of ma. riage ! Sh<,k.
^ We are to carry it from the hand to the hearr.
; to improve a ccentcnM nicety into a fubltantial
duty, and the modes of civility into the rcaiities
01 religion. ., ,

I Mirilf did take away that external ce.-en,oMal
worftip that was among the Jews. Stillwgfleei.

2. Formal ; obfervant of old forms.

Oh monftrous, fuperftitious puritan.
Of rcfin'd manners, yet ceremonial man,
IhatAvhen thou meet'ft one, with enquiringeyes
Doft fearch an like a needy broker, prize ^
1 he filk and gold he wears. /j^^,,.

With du.mb pride, and a fet formal lace.
H|; moves in the duir„rw™W track, ,
With Jove's embroider-d coat upon his back. .

'Ceremo'kial. »./ [irom cerejmy.f"'

rite

pre-

• Optward form ; ' external
fcriptive formality.

(JiT T'^' '^'""'"''"' 'hat could make it prudent
for the clergy to alter the ceremonial, or any indif-
ferent part, would> a refoiution in the legilla-
, ture to, prevent new fcas. Vw/Y/

2. The order for rites and forms iA the

Komilh church.
Ceremo'nialness. n.f. [from r^r«w«-
»/a/.J I he quality of being ceremonial :
, over^much ufe of ceremony
;CEREMo;Niot;s. adj. [from cerm,„j.-]
I. conUiUng of outward rites,

Ur.dcr a diifcrent a-conomy of religion, God was
; mo« tender of the iheli and ,crenmku4 part of hi,

h. Full of ceremony; awfuL

O, the facriiice,
Hnw cenm.niou!, folemn, and unearthly
It was i' th" oftcrine' ct i n.

A.... • ""-""6 ibaktjpearf,

j. Attenuve to outward rites, or prefcrio-
tive formalities. '^

You are too lenfelcfs obftinatc, my lord :
1 o>, crcmoxiou, and traditional. Shckefpeare.

4. Cml ; according to the ftridl rules.«f
^ civility ; fcrnially refpcftfui.

O O 2 -1 liey

<: E R

They have i f«t of cirtatnkyt phr»res, that run
through all ranks and degrees amoni: them.

MJi/n'i Guardien.

5. Obfervant of the rules of civility.

Then let us take a ccrnKomoui leave.
And loving fjirwcl, of our feviial friends. Sbatejf.

6. Civil and formal to a fault.

The old caitiff was grown fo ctrcir.omaut, as he
would needs accompany me fomc mile, in my way.

Sidney.

Ceremo'niously. aJv. [from ceremoni-
eus.] In a ceremonious manner ; for-
mally ; refpeftfully.

CtrottoxKujIy let us prepare
Some welcome for the miftrefs of the houfe.

Si»ihf{>are.

Csremo'niousness. «./ [frota cerema-
niout.] Addiftednefs to ceremony ; the
ufe of too much ceremony.
CE'REMONY. «. / [ctremonia. Lit.]
J. Outward rite; external form in reli-
gion.

Bring her up to the high altar, that flie may
The facrcd ceremmies partake. , Spatfer,

H« is fuperftitious grown of latBj
Quite from the main opinion he held once
Of faoufy, of dreams, and ciranon'uu Shaktff.

Difrobe the images.
If you find them deck'd with ctrtmonj, Sbahff.

z. Formi of civility.

The faucc to meat is cercmcry ;

Meeting were bare without it. Shakcjfegrt.

Not to ufc ctrevicmes at all, is to teach others

not to ufe them again, and fo dimioUh refpeft to

himfelf. ' Baccn.

3. Outward forms of ftate.

What art thou, thou idle certmony f
What kind of god art tho«, that fuffer'ft more
Of mortal grief, than do thy worfliippers ?
Art thou aught dfe but place, degree, and form ?

Sbtikifptarc.
A coarfer place,
Where pomp and cerem^hUt cntcr''d not,
Where greatnefs was ihut out, and highnefs WfU
forgot. DryJenU FakUi.

Ce'rote. n. /. The fame with cerate;
which fee.

In thofe which arc critical, a cerele of oil of
olives, with white wax, hath hitherto ferved my
purpofe. fyijrm^n.

CE'RTAIN. adj. [certus, Lai.]

1. Sure; indubitable; unqueftionable ;
undoubted ; that which cannot be quef-
tioned, or denied.

Thofe things are cerimr, among men, which can-
not be denied without obftinacy and folly. Tilkifin.

This the mind is equally ctrtain of, whether
thefe ideas be more or lefs general. Lxke.

2. RefoJved ; determined.

However I with thee have fix'd my lot,
Certain to undergo like doom of death,
Conlort with thee. Milton's faraiijc Ltfi.

3. Undoubting ; put pad doubt.

This form before Alcyone prcfcnr,
To mike her ecrta'm of the fad event. DtyJiv.

4. Unfailing ; which always produces the
cxpeftcd effeft.

1 have often wiihed that I knev» as tena:» a re-
medy for any other diftemper. Mtud.

5 . Conftant ; never failing to be ; not ca-
fual.

Virtue, that direfts our ways
Through certain dangers to uncertain prdife. Dryd.

6. Regular; fettled; ftatcd.

You (hall gather a errtatn rate. Extdus.

Who calls the council, dates a etrlain d:iy.
Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way >

The preparation for your fuppct flicw* your cir-
tain hours. C«fr5«.

C E R

~. In tin indefinite fenfe, fbme ; as, a eer.
tain, man told me this.

H«w bad foever this fa/hion may juftly be ac-
counted, terttin of the fame countrymen do pais
far heyon3 it. Care^u^i Surety.

Some certain of your brethren roar'd, and ran
From noife of our own drums. Sbahjptare.

Let there be tertain leather bags made of fevcral
bignelTcs, which, for the matter o{ them, (hould
be tradable. mikim.

Ce'rtainly. «</i;. [from «r/a/«.]

1. Indubitably; without queftlon ; with-
out doubt.

Certainly he that, by thofe legal means, canoo!
be fecured, can be much lels fo by an)' private at-
tempt. Decty of Piety.

Whatprecife collcdion of fimple ideas rnodefty
or frugality ftand for, in anuthcr's ufe, is not fo
certainly known. Ltckt.

2. Without fail.
Ch'rtainness. tt.f. [from etriain.] The

fame with certainty,
Ce'RTAiNTy. tt.f. [from certaJa.l

1 . Exemption from doubt.

Cirtainty is the perception of the agreement or
difagreement of our ideas. Locke.

2. Exemption from failure; as the certainty
of an event, or of a remedy.

3. That which is real and fixed.

Doubting things go ill, often hurts more
Than to be fure tliey do ; for ccrtainiiei
Or are pad remedies, or timely knowing,
The remedy then born. Sbakejpeare.

4,. Regularity ; fettled ftate.
Ce'rtes. ad'v, \_certes, Fr.] Certainly;
in truth ; in footh : an old word.
Certes, Sir Knight, you've been too much to
blame.
Thus for to blot the honour of the dead,
And with foul cowardice his carcafe fliame,
Whofe living hands immortaliz'd his name, S/eaf.
for, c/rteSf thefe are people o{ the iiland.

Sbakefpearc.
Ccrlis, our authors are to blame. Hudihra!.

Certi'ficate. n.f. [certificat, low Lat.
he certifies.]

1. A writing made in any court, to give
notice to another court of any thing
done therein. Ctnucll.

2. Any tcftimony.

A certificate of poverty is as good as a protec-
tion. VEJimrge.

I can bring certificates that I behave myfelf fo-
berly before company. Addijm.

To Ce'rtify. -v. a. [certifier, Fr.]
I . To give certain information of.

The Englilh ambalTadours retume J out of Flan-
ders from Maximilian, and cer!\fi:d the king that
he was not t« hope for any aid from him. Bacon,

This is defigned to certify thofe things that are
confirmed of God's favoui. Httmmond'i Fundajn.

z. It has a/'bcfofe the thing told, after the
perfon told ; as, I certified you of the faft.

CERTIORA'RI. n. f. [Latin.] A writ
iflfuing out of the chancery, to call up
the records of a caufe therein depending,
that juftice may be done ; upon com-
plaint made by bill, that the party,
who fceks the faid writ, hath received
hard dealing in the faid court. CoiveU.

Ce'rtitude. H.f. [certitudo, Lat.] Cer-
tainty ; freedom from doubt ; infallibi-
lity of proof.
They thought at fiift they dream'd j for 'twas
offence
With them, to queftion certitude of fenfe. Dryden.
There can be no majus and mirtut in the cer-
titude we have of thing', whether by machemaiick

C E S

i)eii>enATttt«B| er any other tny of eenfequenet*
Grev't Cojnto/ogia SarrOf

Ce'rvical. euS- [tervicalis, Lat.] Be-
longing to the neck,

7'he aorta, bending a little upwards, lends fortk
the cervical and axillary arteries; the reft, turning
down again, forms the defcending trunk. Cbryne.

Cer u'lean. \adj, [cctruletu,h».X..'\ Blue j
Ceru'leous. J Iky-coloarcd.

It afforded a folution with now and then a light
touch of flcy colour, but nothing near fo high a>
the eerulecu: tjn^^ure of filver. Boyle^

From thee the faphire folid ether takes.
Its hue cerulean^ Thomfm't Summeri

Qtnv 1,1' t\CK.adj, [itomceruleous.'] Hav-
ing the power to produce a blue colour;

'I'lie feveral fpecies of rays, as the rubifick, eerw
lifek, and others, are fcparated one from another.

Gre^^

CERU'MEN, n.f. [Latin.] The wax or

excrement of the ear.
Ce'ruse. «./. [ceruffa, Lat.] White lead.

A preparation of lead with vinegar, which is of
a white colour; whence many other things, re-
fembling it in that particular, are by chymids
called ctrufe ; as the certije oi antimony, and the
like. Siuincy,

Cesa'rean. adj. [from Cafar.']

The Cejarean fe3iun is cutting a child out of
the womb, either dead or alive, when it cannot
otherwife be delivered. Which citcumdance, it
is faid, lird gate the name oi Ceefar to the Roman
family f» called. ^iney.

CESS, n /. [probably corrupted from ceit/ei
fee Cense ; though imagined by Junius
to be derived hom/aifire, to feize.]

1. A levy made upon the inhabitants of a
place, rated according to their property.

The like cefi is alfo charged upon the country '
fometimes for vidlualling the foldiers, when they
lie in garrifon. Spenjer^

2. The aft of laying rates.

3. [from ceffe, Fr.] It feeras to have been
ufed by Shakeffeare for bounds or limits,
though it ftand for rate, reckoning,

I pr'ythee, Tom, beat Cutts's faddle, put a few
flocks in the point ; the poor jade is wrung in the
withers out of all rWj. Siakejf, Henry IV.

Ta Cess. 1/. a, [from the noun.] To rate ;
to lay charge on.

We are to confider how much bnd there is in
all Uider, that, according to the quantity thereof,
we may cefs the faid rent, and allowance iffuing
thereout. Spenjer on Ireland*

7e Cess. 1/. a. To omit a legal duty. See

Cessor.
Cessa'tion. n.f. [ceffatie, Lat.]
I. A ftop; a reft.

The day was yearly obferveJ for a feftival, by
ttlfation from labour, and by reforting to church.

JiajviarJr

True piety, without cejpiiiin tod

By theories, the praftick part is loft. Deabtmw

Vacation ; fufpenfion.

There had been a mighty confufion of things^

an interruption and perturbation of the ordinary

courfe, and a ceffatiun and fufpenfion of the lavft

of nature, Woedtvsrd'i Natural B'.ficry,

The rifing of a parliament is a kind of cejjatioii

from politicks. Addifin's Freebtliter,

End of adion ; the ftate of ceafing to
aft.

The ferum, which is mixed with an alkali, being
poured out to that which is mixed with an ucid,
raifoth an effervefcence 5 at the crfjatitn of which,
the fait:, of which the acid was c -mpifed, will be
regenerated. Arbutbr.at on Aiimentt*

, A paufe of hoftility, without peace,

Wlicn the tuccours of the poor pretcftants in
Irel.ind were diverted, I was intreated to get them
fome refpite, by a ceJTatim, King Cbarlis.

cEssj'nr.

C H A

CESSjfrir. ft./. [Latin,]

A writ that lies upoa this general jratind, that
the perfon, againft whom it is brought, hath, for
two )rears, omitted to perform fuch lervice, or pay
fuch rent, as he is obliged by his tenure ; and hath
not, upon bis land t tenement, lufficient goods
or chattels to be diftrained. Csw.-//.

Cessibi'litv. n. /. [from «</», cejitm,
Latin.] The quality of receding, or giv-
ing way, without refitlance.

It' the lubje^ drucken be of a proportionate

trjjihility, it feems to dull md deaden the flroke ;

whereas, if the thing ftrrcken be hard, the ftroke

icems to lofe no force, but to work a greater effc&,

Vigby on tke Soul,

Ce'ssible. a/i/, [from «</», cejfum, Lat.]
Eafy to give way.

If the parts of the ftrucken body be fo eafily

ctjjibie, as without difficulty the flroke can divide

them, then it enters into fuch a body, till it has

fpcnt its force. ^igby on the Soul,

Cb'ssion. n./, [ceffion. Ft, ce^o, La.t.]

1 . Retreat ; the aft of giving way.

Sound is not produced without fome reliftance,

either in the air or the body percuflied ; for if there

be a mere yielding, or ceffion, it produceth no found.

Bacon^s Natural Hijlory,

2, Refignation j the aft of yielding up or
quitting to another.

A parity in their council would make and fecure
the beft peace they can with France, by a cejion of
Flanders to that crown, in exchange for other pro-
vinces. Iimple,

Ct'itiovAKr. adj. [fromcejjicn.] As, a
eeJJSonary bankrupt, ene who has deliver-
ed up all his effefts. Martin.

Ce'ssment. b.j: [from r^.] An afleff-
ment or tax. DiS.

Ce'ssor. »./. [from ceffi, Lat.]

In law, he th.it ceafeth or negle£ieth fo long to
perform a duty belonging to him, as that by hii
cefs, or ceiTmg, he incurreth the danger of law,
and hath, or may have, the writ celTavit brought
againft him. Where it is faid the tenant ceffeth,
fuch phrale is to be underflood as if it were faid,
the tenant ceffeth to do that which he ought, or
is bound, to do by his land or tenement. Cnuell.

CrSTUS. n,/, [Latin.] The girdle of
Venus.

Venus, without any ornament but her own
beantiei, not fo much as her own cejlus,

jUdlfrM's Speffator,

Ceta'ceous. adj, [from cite, whales,
Lat.] Of the whale kind.

Such fifhes as have lungs or refplration are not
without the wczzon, as whales and tetaceoui ani-
mals. Brown'i Vulgar Ernurs,

He hath creatW variety of thefe cettcioui fifhes,
which converfe chiefly in the northern feas, whofe
whole body being cncompani:d round with a co-
pious fat or blubber, it is enabled to abide the grcat-
«ll cold of the fea-water. Ray on tbt Crcaikn.

C FAUT. A note in the fcale of mofick.

Gamut I am, the ground of all accord,
A re, to plead Hortenfio's paflioai

B mi Bianca, take him for thy lord,
Cfaut, that loves witii all affefti' n. Shaktfpurt.

CH has, in words purely Englifli, or fully
naturalized, the found of (^ ; a peculiar
pronunciation, which it is hard to de-
fcribe in words. In (bme words derived
from the French, it has the found of Jh,
as chai/e ; and, in fome derived from
the Greek, the found of li, as cielericL

Chace. See Chase.

Chad. n./. A fort of fifh.

Of round fiih th-re are brit, fprat, whiting.
tia,U e-ls. r, r.ga-, millet. Cjre-.u't Surv. o/Corniu.

Ta CHAfE. v. a. [ubaujer, Fr.J

C H A

I. To warm with rubbing.

They laid him upon foroe of their garment.?,
and fell to rub and chafe him, till they brought
him to recover both breath, the fervant, and
warmth, the companion of living. Sidney,

At laft, recovering heart, he does begin
To rub her temples, and to chafe her fliin.

Ftiiry S^een,

Soft, and morefoft, at ev'ry touch it grew ;
Like pliant wax, when chafing hands reduce
The former mafs to form, and frame to ufe. P>yd,
z. To heat by rage or hurry.

Have I not heard the fea, puft 'd up with winds,
Rage like an angry boar chafed with fweat .' Shak,

3. To perfume.

Lilies more white than fnow
New fall'n from heav'n, with violets mix'd, did

grow ;
Whofe fcent fo cbafd the neighbour air, that you
Would furcly fwear Arabick fpices grew. Suckling,

4. To make angry ; to inflame palfion.

Her interceffion chafed him fo.
When flic for thy repeal was fuppliant,
That to clofe prifon he commanded her. Shakefp,

An offer of pardon more chafed the rage of thole,
who were refolved to live or die together.

Sir yohn HaytoarJ,

For all that he was inwardly chafed with the
heat of youth and indignation, againit his own
people as well as the Rhodians, he moderated him-
iclf betwixt his own rage, and the offence of his
foldiers. KmHes'i H:Jlory of the Turks,

This chafd the boar ; his noftrils dames expire.
And his red eyeballs roll witli living fire. Dryden.

To Chafe, 'v. n.

I . To rage ; to fret ; to fume ; to rave ;
to boil.

Therewith be 'gan full terribly to roar.
And cbafd at that indignity right fore.

Sfenjer's Hub, Tale,

He will not rejoice fo much at the abufe of Fal-

ftaff, as he will chafe at the db£lor's marrying my

daughter. Shakffiare,

Be lion mettled, proud, and take no care
Who chafeiy who frets, or where confpirers are.

Shakefpeare.
How did they fume, and ftamp, and roar, and
tbafe,
Alid fwear!— not Addifon himfelf was fafe. Puft.
z. To fret againft any thing.

Once upon a raw and gufty day.
The troubled Tyberri'<i^ii; with his fliorci.

Sbake/feare's Juliut Ctefar,
The murmuring furge,
That on th' unnumber'd idle pebbles chafes,
Cj'inot be heard fo high. Sbakejp. King Lear,

Chafe, n./, [from the verb.j A heat ;
a rage ; a fury ; a pafllon j a fume j a
pett ; a fret ; a ftorm.

When Sir Thomas More was fpeaker of the
parliament, with his wifdom and eluquence he
fo croffed a purpofe of cardinal Wolf;y's, that the
cardinal, in a chafe, fent for him to Whitehall.

Camdcn^s Remains,
At this the knight grew high in chafe.
And Aaring furiouily on Ralph,
He trembled. Huditrat,

Chafe-wax. «./. An officer belonging
to the lord chancellor, who fits the wax
for the fealing of writs. Harris.

Ch a'per. n.f. [c^apop. Sax. hver, Dut.]
An infeft ; a fort of yellow beetle.

Cha'fer r. n,/, A forge in an iron mill,
where the iron is wrought into complete
bars, and brought to perfeftion. Phillips,

CHAFF, n.f. [ceap. Sax. kaf. Dutch.]

1 . The huflts of corn that arc fcparated
by threfliing and winnowing.

We fliall he winnow'd with fo rough a wind,
That cv'n our corn rtiall fcem as lig'it as ihaff.
And good from bad find no partition. Sbak.H. IV.

C II A

Pleifure .vith inft:uSion OiouU be joln'd j
So tike the coin, snd leave the rA(j^behind.2);y</.

He fet before him 'a fack of wheat, as it had*
been juft threfhed out of the flieaf ; he then bid
him pick out the chaff Item among the com, and
lay it afidc by itfelf. Sfeffator,

2. It is ufed for any thing worthlefs.

To CHA'FFER. -v, ». [imjen. Germ.

to buy.] To treat about a bargain ; to.

haggle ; to bargain.

Nor rode himfelf to Paul's, the publick fair.
To chaffer for preferments with his gold,
Where biiliopricks and finecutes are fold.

Drydeiis Tah'ci^

The chaffering with diffenters, and dodging
about this or toother ceremony, is but like open-
ing a few wickets, and leaving them a-jar. S-wift.

Jn difputes with chairmen, when your mailer
fends you to chaffer with dicm, take pity, and tell
your mafter that they will not take a farthing
lefs. Swift.

Ta Cha-ffer. V, a. [The aftive fenfe is
obfolete.]

1. To buy.

He chaffer'd chairs in which churchmen were fet.
And breach of laws to privy farm did let. Spenfer.

2. To exchange.

Approaching nigh, he never ftaid to greet,
Ne chaffer words, proud courage to provoke.

Fairy S^ueen.

Cha'pferer. n.f, [from chaffer.'\ A
buyer ; bargainer ; purchafer.

Cha'ffern. n.f, Iftom efc/jauffir, Fr.
to heat.] Aveflel for heating water. Dii^.

Cha'ffery. n.f. [from ciiaff'er.] Traf-
lick ; the praftice of buying and felling.

The third is, merchandize and chafferi ; that
is, buying and felling. Spcnjer's State of Ireland.
Cha'ffinch. n.f. [ftoxa chaff zndfnch.l
A bird fo called, becaufe it delights ia
chaff, and is by fome much admired for
its fong. Phillips's World of Words,

The chaffinch, and other fraall birds, arc inju-
rious to fome fruits. Mortimer s Hitfhaniiry.

Cha'ffless. adj. [from chaff.\ Without

chaff.

The love I bear him.

Made me to fan you thus ; but the gods made yon

Unlike all others, rij^f/i. Shakrjpeare's Cymbciine.
Cha'ffweed. «. f, [gna^krdium. Eat.]

An herb, the fame vi'nYt cud-ivced ; which

fee.
Ch a'ffy. M'. [jTcmchaff.l LikechafTi

full of chaff; light.

If the flraws be light and chaffy, and held at
a reafonabie diftance, they will not rile unto the
middle. Sro^^Rs f^ulgar Firours,

The moft (light mi chaffy opinion, if at a great
remove from the picfent age, contracts a venera-
tion. Glati'ville,

Ch a'fincdish. n.f, [from chafe and
H dip-l A vefTel to make any thing hot
in ; a portable grate for coals,

M.*ke proof of the incorporation of fiivcr and
tin in equal quantities, whether it will endure the
ordinary firev^liich belongctli lo ck.ifir.gdijhcs, pof-
ncU) and fuch other fiitnt velVcts.

Jiacon's Phyfical Remains.

Chagri'n. n.f, [chagrlne.Yt.l III hu-
mour ; vexation ; fretfulnefs ; peevifh-
nefs. It is ^TOnovtncei fhagreen.

Hear me, and touch Belinda with chagrin;
That linglc aft gives half the world the fpleen.

Pope,
1 grieve with the old, for fo many additional
inconvcnicncies and chagiins, moic than their
fmalJ remain of life feemed deftincd to undergo.

Pope's Letters.

To Chagri'n. v. a, [Jjagriner, Fr.] To

vex ;

C H A

-vex ; to pat out of temper ; to teaze ;
to make uneafy.
CHAIN n.f. \_cbaint, Fr.]
I. A feries of links faftened one within
another.

And Pharaoh took off his ring, >D<3put it upoo

Jsreph'i hand, and put a gold chain about his neck.

Gcnifiz, x!l. 42.

i. A bond ; a msntcle ; a fetter ; fome-
thing'with which prifoners are bound.
Still in cocftraint your fufF'iing fex remains,
Or bound in forma), or in real rhaint. Fofi,

3. A line of links with which land is mea-
fured.

A furreyor may at foon, with h)i {bain, mca-
rtre O'Jt infinite ipace, as a philofopher, by the
euickcft fiighc ot" mind, reach it ; or, by thinking,
comprehend ic. Lockr,

4.. A feries linked together, as of caufes
or thoughts ; a fuccefEoa ; a fubordioa-
tion.

Thofe fo miflake the Chriftian religion, as to
thir.k it is only a chji/i of fatal decreet,* to deny
«U liberty of man'a choice toward good or evil.

dtntntmfn ,

Ai there is pleafure at the tjjght exercife of any

faculty, fo <rpecially in thlt of right reafoninj;;

<wiiich is ftill tl« greater, by liowjnuch the coiifo-

^uenccs are mere clear, and tht ctaim of them

ii- re long. Bjirnct'i linrj af tkt Earth.

yu Chain, -v. a. [from the nouh.']

J. To fallen or bind with a chain.

Thfy repeat daily any wholcfume aft eft.ibliflicd
AgainU the rich, and provide more piercing llatutes
daily to chain up and rcftrain the poor.

Shakffpeare' t Coi-h/ann:.

The mariners he sbamiJ in his own galleys for
(Savei. Knsilii,

Or march'd I ctdin'J behind the hoftile car,
The viftor's paftime, and the fport of war ! Piicr.

Thty, with joint force opprclTion chawing, fct
Imi erial jufticc at the helm. Thcmjla.

i. To enflave ; to keep in flavery.

The monarch was ador'd, the people cbah'il.

Prior.
Thia world, 'tit true,
*'a; made for Csfar, but for Titus too ;
And which more bleft ? who ciain'd his country,

f>5'.
Or he whofe rlrtue Cgh'd to lo£; a day ? Pupc
■3. To keep by a chain.

The admiral feeing the mouth of the haven
ehaircJ, and the cadles full of ordnance, and
firongly snanned, durft not attempt to enter.

fCml/ii't Hj/lcry of the Turh.

j^. To unite.

O Warwick, I do bend my knee with thine,
And in this vow do chain my foul with thine.

Shaktfpeare,

(^ra'inpump. t^ /. [from chain and
funtp.'\ A pump ufcd in large Englilh
vf fiels, which is double, fo that one rifes
as the other falls. It yields a great
£[uantity of water, works eafily, and is
eafily mended ; but takes up a great
deal of room, and makes a difagreeable
noife. Chambers.

I: I' not long firice the f^riking of the top-
mail, a wonderful great cafe to great fhips, both
at lea and in harbour, hath been devifed ; toge.
ther with the cbain/umf, which takes up twice as
much water as the ordinary did ; and we have
lately added tlie bonnet and the drabble.

Ralrigh't Effayt.

£ti a'insuot. It./, [from «■/>«;'» and//i>»/.]
Two bullets or half bullets, failentd
together by a chain, which, when they
f y open, cut away whatever i» before
tbem.
ill lea 6bhtt, oftcniiines, a buttock, the btawn

C H A

of the thigh, and the calf of the lef, are torn off
by the chatfjhel, and fplinters. ffi^aiCi Surgery.

Cha'inwork. ». /. [from chain and
tviri.] Work with open fpaces like
the links of a chain.

Nets ofchequerwoi k, and wreaths of ctainmcrt,
for the chapiters which were upon the top< of the
pillars. I Kings.

CHAIR. «./ [chair, Fr.]
I . A moveable feat.

whether thou choofe Cervantes' Terious air,
Or laugh and Ihake in Rabelais' eafy chair.
Or praiie the court, or magnify mankind.
Or thy griev'jl country's copper chains unbind.

Fojie.

If a chair be defined a feat for a fingle pcrfon,
with a back belonging to it, then a ftool is a feat
for a fingle perfon, with out a back. Waiti'i Logici.

a. A feat of jufljce, or of authority.

He makes for England, here to claim the
crown.^
—Is the fic/r empty ? Is the fword unfway'd ?
It the king dead ? Shaktfptarci Riihard III.

If thou be that prircely eagle's bird.
Show thy dcfccnt by gazing 'gainll the fun j
For chcir and dukedom, throne and kingdom, foy ;
Either that's thine, or elfe thou wertnot his.

Shakeffeare.
The honour'd gods
Keep Rome in fafety, and the chain of iuftice
'Supply wijh worthy men. Shiticffrare'i Coriolanui,

Her grace fat down Co reft awhile.
In a rich chair of ftate. Shakejpcare' s Henry Vli,.
The committee of the Commons appointed Mr.
Pym to take the chair, Cluterdan.

In this high temple, on a chair of ftate.
The fejt i>f audience, old Latinus fare. Dryd. JEt.

3. A vehicle born by men ; a fedan.

Think what an equipage thou haft in air,
And view with fcorn two pages and a chair. Poj>e.

Cha'irman. ».'_/". [from f/6«/r and «(««.]

1. The prefident of an aflembly. ^

In atfemblies generally one pcrfon is chofen
chairman or moderator, to keep the feveral fpeakers
to the rules of order. H^aits.

2. One whofe trade it is to carry a chair.

One elbows him, one jufllcs in the ftiolej
A rafter breaks his head, or chairman's pole. Dryd.

Troy chairmen hotc the wooden fteed,
Pregnant with Greeks, impatient to be freed j
Thcge bully Creeks, who, as the moderns do,
Inftead of paying chairmen, run tliem through.

.Swif:.

Chaise, n.f. [chai/e, Fr.] A carriage of
pleafure drawn by one horfc.

Inftead of the chariot he might have faid the
chai/e of government ; for a chaife is driven by rhe
pcrfon that fits in it. ^ddijin.

ChaLCO'grAPHER. ».y; [x,aXiioypa.flS^,

of ;^a^x®', brafs, and 7fa<p«, to write
or engrave.] An engraver in brafs.
Chalco'gr APHTf. n./, [j{;aXx«)'{«9i«.]

Engraving in brafs.

Cha'lder. In./. A dry Englilh mea-

Cha'ldron. > fure of coals, confifting of

Cha'udron. J thirty-fix bufhels heaped

up, according to the fealed bufhel kept

at Guildhallj London. The chaldron

Ihould weigh two thoufand pounds.

Chambers.
Cha'lice. n.f. [calic. Sax. calice, Fr.
calix, Lat.]

1 . A cup ; a bowl.

When in your motion you are hot.
And, that he calls for drink, I'll have prepar'd him
A cLa.ice for the nonce. Shaieff'eare.

2. It is generally ufed for a cup ulVd in
ai3s of worfhip.

All thechuich at that time did not think em-

C H A

blematical figures anlawful ornaments r f cap) »(

chalicet. StiJIimgflrel.

Ch a'liced.<i<^'. [ from fa//>, Lat. the cup
of a flower.] Having a cell or cup : ap-
plied by Sbake/ptare to a flower, bat
now obfolete.
Hark, hark ! the lark at heav'o's gats fiogs.

And Phoebus "gins arife.
His fteeds to water at thefe fprings,

On chalic'd flowers that lies. Sbaliifpeare,

CHALK, n.f. [cealc, cealcrran. Sax.
caici, Welfti.]

Chalk is a whitefoflile, ufually reckoned a tlone,
but by fome ranked among the boles. ]c is ufed
in medicine at an abforbcnt, and is celebrated for
curing the heartburn. Chambers.

He maketh all the ftones of the altar as cijlk
ftones, that are beaten in funder. Ifaiao,

Chalk is of two forts ; the hard, dry, ftrong,
chalk, which is beft for lime ; and a foft, un^uouj
chalk, which is beft for lands, becaufe it eifily
difi'olves with nun and firoll. Mortimer.

With chalk I lirft defcribe a circle here.
Where tiiefe eti.creal fpirits muft appear. DryJcn.

7*0 Chalk, it. a. [from the noun.]

1. To rub with chalk.

The i>eaft!y rabble then came dowa
From all the garrets in the town,
And ftalls and (hopborirds in vaft fw.itms,
With new chalk'd bills and nifty arms. HuJihras,

2. To manure with chalk.

Land tliat is chalked, if it is not we'l dungej,
will receive but little benefit from a fecond chaik-
"l?- Mortimer,

3 . To mark or trace out as with chalk.

Being not propt byanccftry, whofe grace
Chalks i'ucceflours their way. iihalefpeare%

His own mind chalked out to him the juft pro-
portions and meafures of behaviour to his fellow.
creatures. Snii,

With thefe helps I might at leaft have chalked
out a way for otiiers, to amend ray errours in a
like defign. Dryden.

The time falls with' 1 the compafs here chalked
out by nature, very pun^ually.

fToodirard's Natural 11 j^cry.

Chalk-cutter.*./, [from chalk au^
{ut.'\ A man that digs chalk.

Shells, by tlie feamen called chalk e^s, are-dug
up commonly in die chalk-pits, where tbe chalks
cullers drive a great trade with them. fVoiJiuard.

Chalk-pit. n.f. [from chalk 2sni fit. 1
A pit in which chalk is dug. See
Ch alk-cvtter.

Cha'lky. adj. [{rota chalk. 1

1. Confifting of chalk ; white with chalk.

As far as 1 could ken the chalky cliffs,
When from tiiy (hore the tempcft beat us back,
I flood upon tiie batches in the ftorm. SbakcJ^,

That bellowing beats on Dover's fi<i/iji clift.

Jiovte,

2. Impregnated with chalk.

Chalky water towards the top of earth it too
fretting. Macon.

To CHA'LLENGE. v. a. [chaUnger, Fr.]

1 . To call another to anfwer for an offence
by combat.

The prince of Wales ftept forth before the king.
And, nephew, challerg'd you to fingle fight, itai,

2. To call to a conteil.

1'hus form'd for fpeed, he challenges the wind, '
And leaves the Scythian arrow far behind. Dryd.

J challenge any man to make any pretence ^to
power by right of fatherhood, cither intelligible or
pnffible. Lucie,

3. To accufe.

Many of them be fuch lofels and fcatterlings,
as t')at they cannot eafily by any Ihcriff' be gotten,
wheo they are (baiUngtd tot any fuch fait.

Syenjer en Ireland,
Were

C H A

Were die grac'd perfon of our Banqns prefent.
Whom I may rather cbaHingi for unkindncfs.

4. [In law.] Toobjefl to the impartiality
of any one. [§ee the noun.]

Though only tw#»e are fworn, yet twenty-four
are to be leturne^ to fupi'ly the deCeiSs or wait
cf appearance of thole that are cbjlieagtd off, ' r
ir.ake ciel-'ault. TlaU.

5. To claim as due.

1 hat divine ot'Ser, whereby the pre-eminenc
of chiefeft acceptation is by the bed things wor,
thily challenged, ' Hxktr.

Which oi you, (hall we fay, doth love us mod ?
That we our largcft bounty may extend
W^hcre natuie doch with merit cial'trge, Sht:kcjj>.

And fo much duty as my mother fij:w'd
To you, preferring you before her father;
So much 1 chalimge, that I may profcfs
Due to the Moor, my lord. ShakefpTart.

Had you not been their father, thefe white flakes
Did cha 1 itgi pity oi them. Sbiikejptate.

So whey, a tyf^r futks the bullock's blood,
A familh'd liua, iffuirt; from the wood,
Roai( loudly fierce, and challniget the food. Drjd.

Hall chou yet drawn o'er young Juba ?
That ftill would recommend thee more to Cwfar,
And cballeng: better ter.ns. Addij n.

6. To call any one to the performance ot
conditions.

' 1 will now ebalUnge you cf your promife, to
five me certain rules 35 to the principles of bla-
zonry. Peacham crt Dronchig,

Cka'llenoe. n.f. [from the verb.]

1. A fummoDS to combat.

1 iiever in my life
Did hear a cbal!a:^i urg'd more modeftly. Slak.

2. A demand of fometbing as due>

Taking for his youngliaga cark,
Left greedy eyes t > them might challenge lay,
Bufy with oker did their Ihoulders mark. Sidney.
There muft Ve: na challenge ot fil^citoiity, ordil-
countenancii:g of freedom. Collier f fYundfisif.

3. [In law.] An exception taken either
againft perfons or things ; perfon s, as in
aiEze to the jurours, or any one or more
of them, by the prilbner at the bar.
ChalUnge made to the jurours, is either
made to the array, or to the polls : chaU
Itngt made to the array, is whoti the
whole number is excepted againft, as
partially eropannellcd ; challenge to or
by the poll, ii when fome one or mote
arc excepted againft, as not indifferent:
challenge to the jurours is divided into
challenge principal, and challenge for
caufe : challenge principal is th.:t which
the law allows without caufe alleged,
or farther examination ; .ts a prifoner at
the bar, arraigned upon felony, may
peremptorily challenge to the number of
twenty, one after another, of the jary
empannelled upon him, alleging no
cauic. Coiuell.

You are mine enemy, I make my challenge,
You (hall not be my judge. Sbaiejfeare.

Ch a'llencer. »./. [from challenge. '\ .

1. One that defies or fummons another to
combat.

Young man, have you challenged Charles the
wrertlcr ?—
No, fair princefs ; he is the general cballergir, Shak.

Death was dcnounc'd j
He took the fummons, void of fear.
And unconcernedly call his eyes around.
As if to find and dare the griefly iballengtr. Dryd.

2. One that claims fupcriority.

Whofc worth
Stood challenger on mount of all the age,
Fer her pciiedioai. Sbakt/feart,

9

C H A

3. A claimant ; one that requires fome-

thing as of right.
Ea. neft challengers there are of trial, by fome

pubiick difputation. Hcchir.

Chaly'beate. ctc/J. [from chaljis, Lat.

fteel.] Impregnated with iron or fteel ;

having the qualities of fteel.

Tlie diet ought to ftrcngthen the folids, al-
lowing fpices and wine, and tlie ufe of chalybeate
wate;s. jirhutbnot on Diet.

CHJMA'DE.tt./.[FTtJich.] The beat of
the drum which declares a furrender.

Several French battalions made a Ihew of refin-
ance; but, upon our. preparing to fill up a little
fofle, in o[der to attack them, they beat tl'.e chn-
mc.ie, and fent us charte blanche. Mdijon.

CHA'MBER. n. /. [chambre, Fr. camera,
1.7A. fiamhr, Welfh.]

1. Ah apartment in a houl'e ; generally
ufed for thofe appropriated to lodging.

Bid them come fortii, and hear me.
Or at their chamber door I'll beat the drum.
Till it cry. Sleep to death. Shakefpeare.

When we have matk'd with blood tli')fe fleepy
two,
Of his own chamber. Shakefpeare.

A natural cave in a rock may have fomething
not much unlike to parlours or chambers, Bentley.

2. Any retired room.

Ihe dark c<ives of death, and chambers of the
grave. Priar.

3. Any cavity or hollow.

Petit has, from an examination of the figure of
the rye, argued againft the poffibility of a film's
exiitence in the poiteriour chamber. Sharp.

4. A court of joftice.

\n rhe Imperial chamber this vulgar anfwer is
not admitted, vix. I do not believe it, as the matter
is rr.jpnunded and alleged. Ayhffe's Parergt/n.

5. The lower part of a gun where the
charge is lodged.

6. A fpecies of great gun.

Names give:i them, as cannons, demi-cannons,
chamber/, arquebufe, mulket, &c.

Camden s Remains.

7. The cavity where the powder is lodged
in a min^.

ZoCha'mber. v. n. [from the noun.]

1. To be wanton ; to intrigue.

Let us walk honeflly as in the day, not in riot
ing and drunkennefs, not in chambtring and wan-
ti nnefs. Romans.

2. To rcfide as in the chamber.

The be:i blood chambcr'd in his bt^m. Sh^ik.

Ch a'mherer. ». yi [from chamier.'] A
man of intrigue.

I Inve not thofe foft parts of converfation.
That cbambercrs have. Shakefpeare,

Ch a'mberfelloW. Jt. /. \irom cl} amber
and fellt)iu.'\ One that lies in the fame
chamber.

It is my fortune to have a chamberfeHtmi, with
whom I agree very well in many fentiments.

Sle^atiir,
Cha'mberlain. n.f. \fxQm chamber, "[

1. Lord great chamberlain of England is
the fixm officer of the crown ; a confi-
derable part of his fun&ion is at a co-
ronation ; to him belongs the provifion
of every thing in the houfe of lords ;
he difpofes of the fword of ftate ; under
him are the gentleman uftier of the
black rod, yeomen ulher;, and door-
keepers. To this office ilie duke of
Ancaftcr makes an hereditary claim.

Chambers.

2. Lord chamberlain of the houfehold has
the orerfight of all officer) belonging to

C H A

the king's chambers, except the ^e-
cinft of the bedchamber. Chambers,

Humbly complaining to her deity,
Got my lord chamberlain his liberty. Shakefpeare.

He was made lord lleward, that the ilaff of
chctmbrrlain mignt be put into tlie hands of h!s
brother. Clarendon*

A patriot is a fool in every age.
Whom all lord chamberlains allow the ftage. Pope,

3. A fervant who has the care of the
chambers.

Think'ft thou
That the bleak air, thy boifterous chamberhln.
Will put thy fhirt on warm ? ShaiJ'peare,

When Duncan is adcep, his two chamberlains
We will with wijie and WiifTel convince, Shaiefp.
He ferv'd at firft y^milia's chamberlain.

Drydir.'s Tables.

4. A receiver of rents and revenues ; as,
chamberlain of the exchequer, of Chefter,
of the city of London. Chambers.

Cha'mberlainship. n.f. [from cham-
berlain.l The office of a chamberlain.

Ch a'mb ERMAID. n.f. \ixom chamber a.\\&
maid.'l A maid whofe bufmefs is to
drefs a lady, and wait in her chamber.

Men will not hil's.
The cbgmbermaid was named Clfs. Benforftir,

Some <oarfe country wi^ncli, almoft decay 'd.
Trudges to town, and firft turns r^dmfr«mfli</. Pt/w.
When he doubted whether a word were intel-
ligible or no, he ufed to confult one of his lady's
chambermaids. Svjift,

If thefe nurfes ever prefume to entertain the
girls with the common foliie'! praftifed by cham-
bermaids among us, th>;y are pubiickly whipped.

Sviift.
TaCHA'MDLET. f. a. \ftovci cameht. See
Came LOT.] To vary; to variegate.

Some have the veins mo:e varied and cham-
blited; as oak, whereof wain fcot is made.

Bac'-ns Natural Hiflcny,

Ch a'mbrel 0/^fl itfr/f. The joint or bend-
ing of the uppe/part of the hinder leg.
Farrier's Diii,

ChAMe'lEON. n.f. [y(J>.^t.i,^'K^tll>.'\

The chameleon has four feet, and on each foot
three claws. Its tail is long ; with this, as well
as with its feet, it faftcns itfclf to theT>ranchcs of
trees. Its tail is fiat, its nofe long, ending in aa
obtufe point ; its back is /harp, its Ikin plaiteil,
and jagged like a faw from the neck to the ialt
joint of the tail, and upon its head it has fome-
thing like a comb; like a filh, it has no neck.
Some have alfertcd, that it lives only upon air;
but it has been oblerved to feed on flies, catched
with its tongue, which is about ten inches long,
- and three thick; made of white fle/h, round, bus
flat at the end ; or hollow and open, rcfembling
an elephant's trunk. It alfo ihrinks, and grows
longer. This animal is faid to afl'umc the colour
of thofe things to which it is applied; but our
modern obfervers alTure us, that its natural colour,
wlien at reft and in the (hade, is a bluilh grey ;
though fome are yellow, and others green, but both
of a linaller kind. When it is expoled to the fun,
the grey changes into a darker grey, inclining to a
dun colour; and its parts, which have leatl of the
light upon them, are changed into fpots of dif.
fereiit colours. The grain of its /kin, when the
light doth not /hine upon it, is like cloth mixed
with many colours. Sometimes, when it is hand-
led, it fecmo fpeckled with dark fpots, inclining
to green. If it be put upon a black hat, it ap-
pears to be of a violet colour; and fonietimcs, if
it be wrapped up in linen, it is white ; but it
changes colour uoly in fome parts of the body.

Calmet,
A chameleon is a creature about the bignefs of an
ordinary lizard ; his head ur.prouortionably big,
and his eyes great; he movsth his head without
writhing of hit neck, which is inflexible, as a
hog doth i bis back crooked, his Ikla fpotccd witli

IjitU

CH A

Ifttle tuinouri, Itfs eminent ne»ret Ae fceUy ; h'n
till (lender and long ; on each foot he hlth five
tingcn, three on the outfide, and two on the in-
fide ; his tongue of a marvellout length in refpeft
of his body, and hollow at the end, which he wili
launch out to prey upon flies ; of colour gt<en> and
of 1 dulky yellow, brighter and whiter toward! the
telly; yet fpotted with bhie, white, and red.

Becnft Natural Wificry,

I can add colours ev'n to the chamtlnn \

Change fliapes with Prrteus, for advantage. Siat.

One part devours the other, and leaves not fo

jnuch as a mouthful of that popular air, yrhich the

cbamtlatu gafp after. Dtcaj ef P'uiy,

The thin chamUan, fed with air, receives
The colour of the thing to which he cleaves.

Drydtn.
As the chamtltm, which is known
To hive no colours of his own,
But borrows from his neighbour's hoe.
His white or black, his green or blue. Tr'ur.

To ChA'mfer. V, a. [thambrer, Fr.] To

channel ; to make furrows or gutters

upon a column.
Cha'mfbr. 1«. / [from To eiam/ir.]
Cha'mfret.J Afmall furrow or gutter

on a column.
Cha'mlet. B./, [See Cam BLOT.] Stuff

made originally of camel'* hair.
To make a chamlct, draw five lines, waved over-

thwarc, if your diapering confilt of a double line.
• Peacham on -Draivin^,

Cha'mois.w. yi [chamois, Fr.] An animal
of the goat kind, whofe ikin is made into
foft leather, called among aijbammy,

Thefe are the bcail^ which you (hall cat ; the
ex, the (heep, and wild ox, and the chamoit.

Deuttronomy,
Cha'mOMILE. n. /. [p^a/xai^vAei'.] An
odoriferous plant.

Cool violets, and orpine growing ftill,
£nibathed balm, and cheerful galingale,

Frclh coi^maiy, atud breathful cbamc>/nUs,

Dull poppy, and drink quickening fetuak. Speyifer,

For though the cbamamili, the mure it is trodden

.«n the faftcr it grows ; yet youth, the more it is

•waled, the fooner it wears. Staiejftare.

PolTet drink with ^hamnmli flowers.

Fioyir on the Humours*
To Champ, v. a. [champayer, Fr.]
i. I'o bite with a frequent aflion of the
teeth.

Cofi'ee and opium are taken down, tobacco but
in fmoke, and betel is but cbair-ftd in the mouth
V^'ith a little 4ime. Bacon.

The fiend rcply'd not, overxome with rage ;
But, like a proud deed reln'd, went haughty on,
stamping hii itoo curb. Mi.'ion's farajji Loft'
* At his command

The fteedl caparifon'd with purple ftand.
And ibamf bvtwixt their teeth the foaming gold.

UryiUn.

T. To dcvouo with violent aAion of the
teeth.

A tobacco pipe happened to break in my mouth,
and the pieces left fuch a delicious roughoefs on
my tottgiK, th^t I cbamftd up the remaining part.

Sfx^ator.

?i Champ, v. u. To perform frequently
the ailicn of hiting.

Muttering and cJbamfirg, as though his cud bad
troubled him, he giwe occaliun to MuAdoris to
come near him. SUnry.

The^ b"^an to repent of that they ha^ done, and
ircfully to cbamp upon the bit they had taken into
their mouths. Jlovkcr.

His jaws did not anfwer e<}ually to one another;
but, by his frequent motion and cbamping with
them, it waj evident they were neither lusati-d nor
fratturrd. H'lj.man.

Cha'mpaicn. n. /, [camfagne, i'tj] A
flat open country.

C H A

In the abufes of the cuftoms, mereemi, you have
t fair ibamfj:gi laid open to ynu, in which you
may it large ftrctch out your difcourfe,

Sptnjtr't Stall oflrtlani.

Of all theft bounds.

With (hadowy forefti and with cbamfairtts rich'd,

We make thee lady. Siaktfftari,

If two bordering princes have their territory

meeting oa an open cbtmfaign, the more mighty

will cootinuiUy feek occalion to extend bis limits

unto the further berder thereof. Ra/cigb.

Sir John Nofcis maintained a retreat without

difarray, by Che fpace of fame miles, part of the

way ebamfaien, unto the city of Gaunt, with Icf^

lofs of men than the «nemy. Bacon.

From his (ije two riven flow'd,
Th' one winding, th' other ftraight, and left be-
tween
Fair champaign, with left rivers interven'd. Mihm.

Cha'mpertors. h. /. [from champerty.
In law.] Such as move fuits, or caufe
them to be moved, either by their own
or others procurement, and purfue, at
their proper colb, to have part of the
land in conteilj or part of the gains.

Cotuell.

Ch A'.MPER.Ty. n. /. [champart, Fr. In
law.] A maintenance of any man in his
fuit, while depending, upon condition
to have part of the thing when it is re-
covered. Cc-ive/I.

Champi'cnon. It./, [champignon, Fr.]
A kind of mulhroom.

He viler friends with doubtful mulhrooms treats,
Secure for you, lumklf cbampi^noms eats. Drydcn.

It has the refemblance of a large cbampignon be-"
fore it is opened, branching out into a large round
knob. fyoodtvard.

CHA'MPION. »./. [champion, Fr. campio,
low Lat.]

1 . A man who undertakes a caufe in ilngle
combat.

In many armies, the matter (hould be tried by

duel between two cbampions. Bacon.

For hot, cold, moi(i, and dry, four ebamfions

fierce,

Strive here for maft'ry, and to battle bring

Their embryon atoms. Mllton^x Faradije Ltft.

O light of Trojans, and fupport of Troy,
Thy father's cbampkn, and thy country's joy !

Drydtn.
At length the advei fe admirals appear.
The two bold chamfiom of each country's right.

Dryden.

2. A ^ero ; a ftout warriour ; one bold in
conteft.

A Itouter champion never handled fword. Sbak.

This makes you incapoble of conviftion ; and
they applaud themfelves as zealous champions for
truth, when indeed they are contending for crrour.

Lech.

3. In law.

In our common law, cbampitn is taken no lefs
for him that trieth the combat in his own cafe,
th.infor him that fighteth in the cale of another.

Cnuell.

To Cua'mpiOiN. t. a. [from the noun.]
To challenge to the combat.

The feed uf Baaquo kinga!
Rather than fo, come. Fate, into the lilt,
AfU chatHpicn me to th' utteian'ec. Sbak^peare.

CHANCE. «./ [c/ja»cf, Fr]

I. Fortunci the caufe of fortaltous events.

As th' unthought jtxidcnt is guilty
Of wh.it we wildly do, ("0 wc protcfs
Ourfdvcs ta be the flivw of cvancct and flics
Of every wiud chac blows. Sbakcfp<are»

The only man, of all chat chance could bring
To meet my armsi was woith ibe con<|ueriiig.

DryJer,

Cbiinct Is but 1 mere name, and really nuthint>

C H A

in itfelf ; 1 conception of our mindt, tnj only i
compendious way of fpeaking, whereby we would
exprefs, that fuch eft'e£ts as are commonly attri-
buted to chance, were verily produced by their true
and proper caufes, but without their delign to pro*
duce them. Bentley,

t. Fortune ; the aft of fortune ; what for-
tune may bring : applied to perfons.

Thefe things arc commonly not obferved, but
left to take their chance. Bacon's EJfayt.

3. Accident; cafual occurrence; fortui-
tous event.

To fay a thing is a chance or cafualty, as it re-
lates to fecond caufes, is not profanenefs, but a
great truth \ as fignifying no more, tlian that
there are fome events befides the knowledge and
power of fecond agents. South.

The beauty 1 beheld has (truck me dead ;
Unknowingly (he (Irikes, and kills by cbanct\
Poifon is in her eyes, and death in er'ry glance.

Dryden,

AU nature is but art, unknown to thee ;
All chance ditt&ion, which thoucanft not fee. Pop^.

4. Event; fuccefe; luck: applied to things.

Now we'll together, and the chance of goodnefi
Be like our warranted quarrel I Sbakcfpeare,

5. Misfortune ; unlucky accident.

You were us'd
To fay extremity was the trier of fpirits.
That common chanctt common men could bear.

Sbaktfptare,

6. Poffibility of any occurrence.

A chance, but chance may lead, where I may meet
Some wand'ring fpirit of heav'n, by fountain fide.
Or in thick (hade retir'd. Milton's Paradije LoJI.

Then your ladylhip might have a chance tq
efcape this addrefs. Swi/i,

Chance. as(/. [It is feldom ufed but in
compofition.] Happening by chance.

Now (hould they part, malicious tongues woi

fay.

would

They met like thanct companions on the way.

Dryden,
I would not take the gift.
Which, like a toy dropt from the hands of fortune.
Lay fo^ the next chance comer. Dryden,

7*0 Chance. <t/. n. [from the noun.] To
happen j to fall out ; to fortune.
Think what a chance thou cbanceft on ; but
think ; — —
Thou haft thy miftrefs fliU, Shate/ptare,

How chance thou art not with the prince thy
brotlier .» , Shakefpcare,

Ay, Cafca, tell us what hath chanc'd to-day.
That Csfar looks fo fad. Shakcjptare,

He chanced upon divers of the Turks vl Auailers,
whom he eafily took. Knolles's Hift. oftbeTurki,

I chofe the fafer fea, and chanc'd to find
A river's mouth impervious to the wind.

Pop,', Odylfy,
Ch a'k c e f u l . adj. [chanct iXL^full.'] Ha-
zardous. Out of ufe.

Myfelf would o(Jcr you t' accompany
In this advent'rous cbanccful 'jiroyitiy , Sptnjcr,

Chance-medley, a./ [itom chanct aaA
medley.'] In law.

Tbe cafual (laughter of a man, not altogether
without the fault of the flayer, when ignorance or
negligence is joined with the chance; as if a man
lop trees by an highw.iy-fide, by which many
ufually travel, and ca(( down a bough, not giving
warning to take heed thereof, by wh,t.^ bough one
pairing by is (lain : in this cafe be o(}'euds, beciufe
he gave no warning, that the party might have
taken beeJ to hirofelf. Cnvett,

If fuch an one Ihould have the ill hap, at any
time, to ftrlke a man dead with a fniart laying, it
ought, in all reafon and conlcience, to be judged
but a chance-medley. South,

Ch a'nceablb. a<^'. [hoxa chance. '\ Ac- -
cidciital.

The trial thereof was cut o(r by the chanceahlt
coaling tbitlicr of the king of Iberia. Sidney,

CHA'NCEL.

C H A

CHA'NCEL. «. /. [from eatitelU, Lat.
lattices, with which the chancel was in-
clofed.] The eaftern part of the church,
in which the altar is placed.

Whetlier it be allowable or no, that the minifter
ihould fay fervite in the chancel, Hocktr.

The ctaticci of this church Is vaulted with a
fingle ftonc of four feet in thicknefs, and an hun-
dred and tburteen in circumference.

Aid'fm on July.
Cha'ncellor. n. /. [^caitcellarius, Lat.
chancsllier, Fr. from cancellare, literal
•vel Jcriptum lined per medium duBd dam-
nare ; and feemeth of itfelf likewife to
be derived a cancellis, which fignify all
©ne with xiyx^iJi;, a lattice ; that is, a
thing made of wood or iron bars, laid
croflways one over another, fo that a
man may fee through them in and out.
It may be thought thit judgment feats
were compafFed in with bars, to defend
the judges and other officers from the
prefs of the mtJtitude, and yet not to
hinder any man's view.
^afitus regni tibi cancellarius Angli,

Primus Jolliciti mente pclendus erit.
Hie ejl, qui regni leges cancellat iniquas,
Et mandata pii principis a-quafacil.

Verfes of Nigel de IVetekre to the
bifliop of Ely, chancellor to
Richard!.]

1. The hi ghefl judge of the law.

QirccH^riu:, at the firil, fignilicd the regifterj or
actuaries in court 5 gtafbarhitJttU qui corJcriberdU
^ excifieriifis judicum aSlit dtint operant* But this
nsnie 15 greatly advanced, and, not only in other
kingdoms but in th:s, is given to him that U the
chief judge in caufes of property j f jr the chan-
eel/or hath power to njoderite and temper tile
written law, and fubjefteth himfelf only to the law
of nature and confcience. Ctrtvtil.

Turn out, you rogue ! how like a bcaft you lie !
Co, buckle to the law. Is this an licur
To ftretch your limbs .' you'll ne'er be chancrllor.

Dryden jiitt,

AriftiJcs was a pcrfon of the ftrifleil jmiice,
ard belt' act^uainted with the laws, as Avcil as
forms, of their government; fo that he was, in a
manner, fi<iirr(//ar of Athens. Sivifi,

2. Chancellor in the EcclefiafAcal Court.
A bilbop's lawyer ; a man trained up in
the civil and canon law, to dirctl ihc
biihops in matters of judgment, relating
as well to criminal as to civil affairs in
the chutch. Jylijje's Purer gan.

3. CH\ticzh\,ovi of a Cathedral. A dig-
nitary whofe office it is to fuperintend
the regular exercife of devotion.

4. Chancellor cf the Exchequer. An
ofiicer who fits in that court, and in tht'
exchequer chamber. He has power, with
others, to compound for forfeitures on
penal llatutes, bonds and recognizances
entered into by the king. He has great
authority in managing the royal reve-
nue, and in matters of firfl fruits. The
court of equity is in the exchequer
chamber, and it held before the lord
Ireafurer, chancellor, and barons, ?.s that
of common law before the barons only.

Coiutll. Chatnbers.

5. Chancellor 0/ an Univer/itj. The
principal magiftrate, who at Oxford
holds his office during life, but at Cam-

, Vol. I.

C H A

bridge he may be elefled every three
years.

6. Chancellor cfthe Order of the Gar-
ter, and other military orders, is an
officer who feals the comraiiTioBs and
mandates of the chapter and affembly of
the knights, keeps the regifter of their
deliberations, and deliver^ tneir afts un-
der tne fc a! of the order. Chamlcrs.

Ch a'kcellorship. n. f. The oScc of
chancellor.

The Sunday after Mrre g.ivc up VMchar. ■t'hrjl:p
of EngLnd, he came hirrlcif to his wile's pew,
and ulcd die ufu-.l wotd3 of his gentl,-man-ulher.
Madam, my lord is gone. Camden.

Cha'ncexy. K.f. [from chancdkr; pro-
bably chancellerj, then fhortencd.] The
court of equity and confcience, mode-
rating the rigour of other courts, that
are tied to the letter of the law ; where-
of the lord chancellor of England is the
chief judge, or the lord keeper of the
great fcal. Coivell.

The contumacy and contempt of the party muft
be fignifi.d in the court of chancery, by the bi-
fljop's letters under the feal ^piicopal.

Ayliffci Parergm.

CHA'NCRE. n.f. [chancre, Fr.] An ulcer
ufaaliy arifiog from venei'LMl maladie?.
It is poflible he was not wdl cutcd, and would
have relapled with a chancre. IVijcmun.

Cha'kcrous. adj. [from chancre.'\ Hav-
ing the qualitisdof achantre ; ulcerous.
Vou may tliink 1 am loo ftridt in giving fo
many internals in the cure of "fo fmall an ulcer as
a chancre, or ratlicr a chancroui callus. IV.Jcinan.

Ch andeli'er. ».y". [chandelier, Fr.] A

branch for candles.
Ch a'ndler. ». y; [chandelier, ¥r.} An

artifan whofe trade it is to make catidles,

or a perfon who fells the.m.

The faik that thou hall drankcn me, would
have bought me lights as good cheap at the deaie^
chandkrt in Europe. Shake'peare

But whether black or lighter d;.es are wurn.
The ctand/er'% balket, on his Ihfiuldcr kirn,
"With tallaw fpui5 thy coat. Gay.

CHJ'NFRIN. n. /. [old French.] The
forepart of the head cf a horfe, which
extends from under the ears, along the
interval between the eyebrows, down to
his nofe. Farrier's DiSl.

To CH.4NGE. -v. a. [changer, Fr. cambia,
Lat.]

1. To put one thing in the place of an-
other.

He that cannot lock into his own*e(late, had
need cho3fc well whom he employeth, and ctarge
thrm often ; for new are move timorous, and lels
fubiile. Bacon i EJuys.

2. To quit any thing for the fake of an-
other : withyw before the thing taken
or received.

Pcrfons grown up in the belief of any religion,
cannot change that /'.•- another, without applying
their undcrlUnding duly to coufider and compare
both. South.

The French and we (liU change ; but here's the
curfe.
They change for hMts, and we change for work.

D'-yden.

3. To give and take reciprocally : with
the particle •with before the perfon to
whom we give, and from whom wc take.

C H A

To fecure thy content, look upcn thof: thoa-
fands, TOi'/i whom thou wouldft not, for any in-
tereft, change thy fortune and condition.

Taflor''! Rule of L'.-ving Hry.

4. To alter ; to make other than it was.

Thou (halt not fee me blulh.
Nor change my countenance for this arreft ;
A heart unfj-otted is not eafily daunted. Sbahff*

■Whatfoever is broujjht upon thee, take chear-
fuiiy, and be patient when thou art chang.d to a
low cftate. . ^ Ecchii,

For the elements were changed in themlelves by
a kind of harmony; like as in a pfaltery notes
change die name of the tune, and yet are afways
founds. IVtjdoTn.

5. To mend the difpofition or mind. .

I would flie were in heaven, fo (he could
Intreat fame pow'r to charge this c'uiriih Jew.

Shateffeart^

6. To dlfcount a larger piece of money
into feveral fmaller.

A Ihopkecper might be able to ciange a ^juinea,
or a moidore, when a cuftomcr comes for a crown's
woi th of goods. Siuift,

7. To change a horfe, or to change hand, is to
turn or bear the horfe's head from one
hajid to the other, from the left to the
rig"lit, or from the right to the left.

Farrier's Didt,
To Chance, 'v. n.

1 . To undergo change ; to fuffer altera-
ti6i\.: as, his fortUiie may foon change,
though he is now fo fecure.

One Julia, that his changmg^.^sx'^X forgot,
■Would oettcr fit his chamber. Shakefpeatr.

2. To change, as the moon ; to begin a
new monthly revolution.

X am weary of this moon ; would he wculd
ch'i'ige. Shakijj.earc.

Chance, n.f. [from the verb.]

1. An alteration of the flateofany thing.

Since 1 faw you laft,
There is a chtmge upon you. Sh'akejpeart,

2. A fucceflion of one thing in the place of
another.

O wondVons changes of a fatal fccnc.
Still varyirg to tlie laft ! Dryden,

Nothing can cure this part of ill-hreeiing, but
charge and variety of company, and that of p iljna
abo\e U5. ^ Locke.

Einp'ics by various turns fliall rife and I'et ;
While thy abandon'd tribes (hall only knuw
A dift"rpnt maftcr, and a chrrge of lime. Prior*

Kenr how Timothcus' vavii.<us h\^ furpiize.
And bid ulte:-natc pnlTions I'all and tife 1
While, at eacii change, the f\in of L-bj in Jove
Now burns with glory, :iid then melts with love.

Pope,

3. The time of the moon in which it be-
gins a new monthly revolution.

Take fecdi nrroots, and fet fomc of them imme-.
di.itcly after the cht^ngc, and others of the i'ame
kind immediately after the full.

Bacon's Natural Hijt'.ry.

4. Kovelty ; a flate different from the ior-
mer.

The heart?
Of all his people (hall revolt fiom him.
And kifs the tips of unacquainted charge, Shdhip,

Our fathers did, for change, to France repair;
And they, for change, will try our Eng'.Kh air.

DiyJcn.

5. [In ringing.] An alteration of the or-
der in which a fet of bells is feunded.

Fourbellj admit twenty-four cbaKges'm ringing,
and ijvc bells one hundic 1 and twenty,

IhJderU Eiemejtts of fpeech.

Eafy it may be to contrive new polVres, and
ring other changct upon the fame bells. Norri:,

6. That which makes a variety ; that which
maybe ufedfor aiiother of ihe famcl:ind.

i' P J wiU

C H A

C H A

C H A

I w'tU now put forth a riddle unto yoa; if you
can find it out, then 1 w!ll give you thirty (her ts,
and thirty cbtngt of garments. Judgei.

7. Small money, which may be given for
larger pieces.

Wood buys up our old halfpence, and from
thence the prefeot want of chengt arifes ; bilt fup-
pofing not one faithing of change in the nation,
five-and-twenty thoufand pounds would be fufli-
tient. Swift.

8. Change for exchange ; a place where
perfons meet to trafiick and tranfad
mercantile affairs.

The bar, the bench, the cbtngt, the fchools and
pulpits, are full of quacks, jugglers, and plagiaries.

L^Efirange>
CHKUGZhaut. aJj. [hom change. "l

1. Subjed to change ; fickle; inconilant.

A Ready mind will admit fteady methods and
COunfcls ; there Is no meafure to be taken of a
ctfrgraili humour. UEJIratigc.

As I am a man, I muft be cbatigtaUt j and fome-
times the graved of us all an: fo, even upon ridicu-
lous accidents. Drydcr..

2. PofCble to be changed.

The fibrous or vafcular parts of vegetables feem
fcarce changeatU in the alimenciry du^.

1 ArhvtbnotcnArimmti.

3. Having the quality of exhibiting dif-
ferent appearances.

Nova' the taylor make thy doublet of changrebic
tatfcta ; for thy mind is a very ops!. Sbakejptart.

Ch a'nceableness. n. jf. [from change-
able.]

1 . Inconrtancy ; ficklenefs.

At length he betrothed himfclf to one wortliy
to be liked, if any worthinefs might cxcufe fo
unworthy a cbargtablertji. Sidney.

There is no temper of mind more unmanly
than that cbanguhttntf!, with which we arc too
juftly branded by all our neighbours.

Addifin's Frtthelder.

2. Sufceptibility of ch^ge.

If how long they are to continue in force, be no
where ezprefled, then have we no light to direct our
judgment concerning the ckangeabienji or immu-
tability of them, but confideiing the natuie and
Xiuality of fuch laws. Hooker.

Cha'ngeablv. adv. [from changeaile.]

Inconftantly.
Cka'ngeful. aifj. [from change ^X[A full.']

Full of change ; inconftant ; uncertain ;

mutable ; fubjeft to variation ; fickle.

Unfound |ilocs, and cbavgtfut orders, are daily
dcvifed for her good, yet never efte£lually profe-
cuted. Sfnjir,

Britain, changeful as a child at play.
Now calls in princes, and now turns away. Po^e*
Cha'ncelikc. tt.f, [from change: the
word arifes from an odd fuperftitious
opinion, that the fairies fteal away chil-
dren, and put others that are ugly and
llupid in their places.]
t . A child left or taken in tbe place of an-
other.

And her bife elfin breed there for thee left!
Such men do changeii/igt oil, fo chang'd by fairies
theft. Sfenfcr'x Fairy S^ueen.

She, as her attendant, hath
A ioTcly boy ftul'n from an Indian king ;
Shr never had fo fweet a changeling, Skakiffture.

2. An idiot ; a fool ; a natural.
Cbangilmgi and fools of heav'n, and tlience fliut

out,

Wildly we roam in difcontent about. Dryden.

Would any one be a cbangeiing, bccaufc he is

ieh determined by wife conliderations tlian a wife

Iran f Locke.

3. One apt to change J a wave^cr.

Of fickle cbangelingi and poor difcontentsy

2

That gape and rub the elbow at the newt

Of hurly-burly innovation. Sbtkrfftari.

'Twas not long
Before from world to world they fwung ;
As they had turn'd from fide to fide.
And as they ibangelwgi liv'd, they died. HucTiirar.

4. Any thing changed and put in the place
of another : in ludicrous fpeech.

1 folded the writ up in form of the other,
Subfcrib'd it, gave the imprefiion, plac'd it fafely,
The changeling never known. Sbakejfvare.

Cha'nckr. n. /. [from change.] One
that is employed in changing or dif-
counting money ; money-changer.

CHA'NNEL «./ [canal. Ft. canalit,
Lat.]

1. The hollow bed of running waters.

It is not fo eafy, now that things are grown into
an habit, and have their certain courfe, to change
the channel, and turn their ftreams another way.
Spenfer^s State if Ireland.

Draw them to Tyber's bank, and weep your tears
Into the channel, till the loweft dream
Do klfs the niort exalted (horesofall. Sbakeffxare.

So th' inj ur'd lea, which from h:r wonted coutfc,
Tn gain fome acres, .-ivarice did force;
If the new banks, neglefled once, decay,
No longer will from her old channel (lay. Waller.

Had not the faid dtata been diflocated, fome of
them elevated, and others deprelTed, there would
have been no cavity or channel to give reception to
the water of the fea. fTooJtvard.

The tops '.f mountains and hills will be conti-
nually walhed down by the rains, and the channels
of rivers abraded by the Itreams. Bcniley,

2. Any cavity drawn longways.

Complaint and hot defircs, the lover's hell.
And fcalding tears, that wore a channel where
they fell. Dryden't Fables.

3. A ftrait or narrow fea, between two
countries : as the Britilh Channel, be-
tween Britain and France ; St. George's
Channel, between Britain and Ireland.

4. A gutter or furrow of a pillar.
vuCha'nnel. "v. a. [from the noun.]

To cut any thing in-channels.

No more (hall trenching vox channel her fields.
Nor limife her flowrcts with the armed hoofs
Of hoftilc paces. Shakeffnare.

The body of this column is perpetually channel-
led, like a thick plaited gown, ff^atton's jirchileffure.

Torrents, and loud impetuous catara&s,
Roll down the lofty mountain's channel!' ddia.
And to the vale convey their foaming tides.

Blackmore.
To CHANT, -v. a. [chanter, Fr.]

1. To fing.

Wherein the chearful birds of fundry kind
Do chant fweet mufick. Fairy ^etn.

2. To celebrate by fong.

The poets chant it in the theatres, the Ihephcrds
in the mountains. Bramhall.

3. To fing in the cathedral fervice.

To Chant, f . «. To fing ; to make me-
lody with the voice.

They chant to the found of the viol, and invent
to therafclves inllruments of mufick. Amoi, vs. 7.

Heav'n heard his fong, and haften'd his relief j
And chang'd to fnowy plumes his hoary hair.
And wing'd his flight, to chant aloft in air. Dryd.

Chant, n./. [from the verb.] Song;
melody.

A pleafant grove,
With r/mnrof tuneful birds refoundingloud. Milton.

Ch a'nter. »./. [from chant.] A finger ;
a fongfter.

You curious chanters of the wood.
That warble forth dame Nature's lays. tyctton.

Jove's ctherial lays, refiftlefs fire.
The chanttr't foul and raptur'd fong isfp'ir^

laftinA divine ! nor UanM fevere hit choice,
Warbling the Grecian woes with harp and voice.

Ptfe.

Ch a'nticleer. n. /. [from fi&<»ff/«- and

clair, Fr.] The nam? given to the cock,

from the dearnefs and loudnefs of his

crow.

And chearful chanticleer, with his note flirill.
Had warned once, that I'htebus' fiery car
In haAewas dimb'ng up the eallcrn hill. Sfenfer,

Hark, hark, 1 hear

The ftrainof ftruttingf/>flrrr.7*.r. Shakeffcare.

Stay, the chearful chanticleer

Tells you that the time it neir. Benjenfon.

Thefe verfea were mentioned by Chaucer, in

the defcription of the fudden flir, and panical fear,

when Chanticleer the cock was carried away by

Reynard the fox. Camden's Remains*

Within this homeftead liv'd without a peer.
For crowing loud, the noble cbantieletr,

Drjdent Fables.

Cha'ntress. «./ [from chant.] A wo-
man finger.

Sweet bird, that Ihunn'll the noife of folly,
Moft muflcal, mod melancholy!
Thee, cbantrefs of the woods among,
1 woo to hear thy even-fong. Miltcn.

Cha'ntry. n. /. [irota chant.]

Chantry is a church or chapel endowed with
lands, or other yearly revenue, for the maintenance
of one or more priefts, daily to fing mafs for th*
fouls of the donors, and fuch otiiers as they ap-
point. _ C(/welU

Now go with me, and with this holy man,
Into the chantry by ;
And, underneath that confecrateJ roof.
Plight me the full afTurance of your faith. Sbak,

CHA'OS. n. /. [chaos, Lat. x«®--]

1. The mafs of matter fuppofed to be in
confufion before it was divided by the
creation into its' proper dafles and ele>
ments.

The v»h )le uniaerfe would have been a confufed
chaos, without be.;uty or order. Bevtiey.

2. Confufion ; irregular mixture.

Had I followed the word, I could not have
brought church and ftate to fuch a chaos of confu-
fions, as Ibme have done. K. Charles.

Their reafon deeps, but mimick fancy wakes.
Supplies her parts, and wild ideas takes
From words and things, ill fnrted and misjoin'd ;
The anarchy of thought, and chaas of the mind.

Dry den,

3. Any thing where the parts are undiiiin-
guifhed.

We Ihall have nothing but darknefs and a ehaot
within, whatever order and light there be in things
without us. Locke,

Pleas'd with a work, where nothing's jud or fit.
One glaring chaoi and wild heap of wit. Pope.

Chao'tick. adj. [horn chaos.] Refem-
bling chaos ; confufed.

When the terraqueous globe was in a chaotick
ftate, and the earthy particles fubfided, then thofe
feveral beds were, in all probability, repofitcd in
the earth. Derbam.

To CHAP. -v. a. [kappen, Dutch, to cut.
This word feems originally the fame
with chop; nor were they probably dif-
tinguifhed at firft, otherwife than by ac-
cident ; but they have now a meaning
- fomething different, though referable to
the fame original fenfe.] To break into
. hiatus, or gapings.

It weakened more and more the arch of the
earth, drying it immoderately, and ctafifing it
in fuodry places. Burnet.

Then would unbalanc'd heat licentious reign.
Crack the dry hilli and (baf the ruffet plain.

Blackmore.

Chat*

C H A

Chat. ». /. [from the verb.] A cleft;
an aperture ; an opening ; a gaping ; a

chink. '

Whit moiftura- the heat of the fummer fucks
out of the earth, it is repaid \a the rains of the
next winter ; and ' hit rifl/i arc made in it, are
filled up again. Bunet'i Tbeory.

Chap. »./ [This is not often ufed, ex-
cept by anatorailb, in zhtfrignlar.} The
upper or under part of a beaft's mouth.

Froth fills his cbafs, he fends a grunting faund,
vAnd part he chums, and part befoams the ground.

Dryilen.

The nether rtaf> in the male (kcleton is ha f an

inch broader than in th? female. Grrai'i Mujaum.

CHAPE, n. f. [chafpe, Fr.]

1. The catch of any thing by which it is
held in its place ; as the hook of a
fcabbard by which it flicks in the belt ;
the point by which a buckle is held to
the back (Irap.

This is Monfieur Parollcs, that had the whole
theory of the wir in the knot of his fcarf, and
..the praftice in the (hape of his dagger. Shakifpun.

2. A brafs or filver tip or cafe, that
ftrengthens the end of the fcabbard of a
fword . Phillifs's World of fVords.

CHA'PEL. »./. [capella, Lat.]

A cbaftl is of two forts ; either adjoining to a

church, at a parcel of the fame, which men of

worth build ; or elfe feparate from the mother

church, where the parift is wide, and is commonly

called a ctapcl o( e.'fe, becaufe it is built fur the

eafe of one or more pariOiioners, that dwell too f.ir

from the church, and is ferved by fomc infcriour

curat;, provided for at the charge of the reflor, or

of fuch as have beoelic by it, as the compofition or

cuftt^m is. CovjelK

She went in among thofe few trees, fo clofcd in

the cof s together, as they might feem a little cha-

fcU "^ S'idtuy.

Will yon difpatcl^us here under this tree, or

JhatI wc go with you to your cbapdT Zbaktfpearc*

Where tru:h erefleth her church, he helps crrour

to^rtar up a chaptl hard by. Honvrt.

AthiptlviWMbaWi witli large endowment. Dryil,

A free chafcl is fuch as is founded by the king

of England. Ay'.iffei Pan-rgoit.

'Cnfi.'9t.u.t», aJJ, [from <baft,'\ Wanting
a chape.

An old nifty fword, with a broken h'lt, and
€bapetffi, with two broken points. Sbahe(ptart*
Chape'llany. »./ [itom chapel. "[

A cbapdlany is uflially faid to be that which
does not f^bfift of itfelf, but is built and founded
within fame other church, and is dependent there-
on. Att'tfft^i Vartrron.

Cha'pelry. n. /. [from chapel.^ The
jurifdiflion or bounds of a chapel.

CHA'PERON. n.f. [French.] A kind of
hood or cap worn by the knights of the
garter in their habits.

I will omit the honourable habiliments, as robes
of Rate, parliimf nt robes, ebtptnni, and caps of
ftate* Camden,

Cha'pfaln. adj. [from chap andy^//7.]
Having the mouth ihrunk.

A cbaffaln bgaver loofely hanging b]r
The cloven helm. Drjdtit.

Cha*piT£R. n. f. [chapiteau, Fr.] The
upper part or capital of a pillar.

He overlaid their cbapiteri ?nd their fillets with
g*^d. Ex'^elui.

Cha'plajk. »./ [capellanus, Latin.]
I. He that performs divine fervicc in a
chapel, and attends the king, or other
perfon, fcr the inllrudion of him and
his family, to read prayers, and preach.

• CoivelL

C H A

' Wi/hing me to permit
John de la Court, my chaplain^ a choice hour,
To hear from him a matter of fome moment.

Shakijpeare,
ChapUin, away ! thy priefthood faves thy life.

Sbakefpeare,

2. One that officiates in domeltick wor-
fliip.

A chief governour can never fail of fomcworth-
lefs illiterate chaplain, fond of a title and p'cce-
dence. Swift.

Cha'plainship. n.f. [from chaplarn.']

1 . The office or bufinefs of a chaplain.

2. The pofleflion or revenue of a chapel.
Cha'pi.ess. adj. [from ckapJ] Without

any flelh about the mouth.

Now chapUJs, and knocked about the muzzard
witli a feiton's fpade. Shakcjpeari-

Shut me nightly in a charnel-houfc.
With reeky Ihanks and yeliow cbaplifs bones.

Sbaiifpiare,
Cha'plet. n.f. [chapeltt, Fr.]

1 . A garland or wreath to be worn about
the head.

Upon old Hyems' chin, and icy crown.
An od'rous cbapUt of fwect fummer's buds.
Is, as in mockery, fct. . Shakifpiari.

I ftrangely long to know.
Whether th<y nobler cbapUlt wear,
Thofe that their miftrcfs' fcorn did bear.
Or thofe that were us'd kindly. SMUng.

All the quire was grac'd
With cbeplcli green, upon their foreheads plac'd.

Vryden.
The winding ivy cbapitt to invade.
And folded fern, that your fair forehead fliade.

Vryden,
They made an humble cbaplet for the king.

5toi7>.

2. A firing of beads ufed in the Romilh
church for keeping an account of the
number rehearfed of paternofters and
ave-mari.-is. A different (oil q( chaplets
is alfo ufed by the Mahometans.

3. [In architefture.] A little moulding
carved into round beads, pearls, or
olives.

4. [In horfemanfhip.] A couple of ftir-
rup leathers, mounted each of them
with a llirrup, and joining at top in a
fort of leather buckle, which is called
the head of the cbaplet, by which they
are faflened to the pummel of a faddle,
after they have been adjuflcd to the
length and bearing of the rider.

Farrier'' 1 Dill.

5. A tuft of feathers on the peacock's head.
Cha'pman. 7t. f. [ceapman, Saxon.] A

cheapner ; one that offers as a purchafer.

Fair Diomcde, you do as (bapmen do,
Difprnlfe the thing that you intend to buy. Sbah.
Yet have they feen the maps, and bought 'cm
too.
And undcrfhnd 'cm as moll cbapmen do.

Ben yoTjUn,
There was a colIeSion of certain rare manu-
fcripts, exquiiitcly written in Arabick ; thefe were
upon fale Co the Jefuita at Antwerp, liquorlih (bap-
nun of fuch wires. JVotiin.
He dicC'cd t\vo, and carried them to Samos, as
the likelicd place for a chapman, L'EJIratigt.

Their cbapmen they betray.
Their (hops arc dens, the buyer i» their prey. Dryd,
Chaps, n.f. [from chap.]
I. The mouth of a beall of prey.

So on the downs wc fee
A haften'd hare from greedy greyhound go.
And part all hope, his ebapi to fruftratc fo. Sidney.
Open your mouth ; you cannot tell who's your
friend j open your cbafi a^ain. Shukejpeari,

C H A

Tlieir whelps at home expert the promis'd food,

And long tb temper their dry chapi in blood. Dryd-

2. It is ufed in contempt for the mouth of

a man.
Chapt. \ payticip. paff. [from T»
Cha'pped. 3 chap.\

Like a table upon which you may run your
/ingSr without rubs, and your nail cannot find
a joint J not horrid, rough, wrinkled, gaping, or
chapl. Bin Junjir!. ■

Cooling ointment made, *

Which on their fun-burnt cheeks and their fid^r
(kins they laid. Dryden'i Fablei.

Cha'pter. n.f. [chapitre, Fr. from capi-
tulum, Lat.]

1. A divifion of r. book.

The (irft book we divide into three feftions ;
whereof the firft is thefe three chaptcri.

BumiCi Theory,

If thefe mighty men at cbapter and verfe, can
produce then no fcripturc to overthrow our church
c;remonies, I will undertake to produce fcripcurn
enf^ugh to warrant them. Soutb,

2. From hence comes the proverbial phrafe,
to the end of the chapter ; throughtiut; to
the end.

Money does all things ; for it gives and it takes
away, it makes honeit men and knaves, fools and-
philofophers ; and fo forward, mutatis mutjjtdis, to
the erd cf the chapkr. m VEjirangr.

3. Chapter, from capituhm, fignifieth, in
our common law, as in the canon law,
whence it is borrowed, an affembly of
the clergy of a cathedral or collegiate
church. Coiuell.

The abbot takes the advice and confent of his
chapter, before he enters on any matters of import-
ance. ^ Addifin on Italy,

4. The place where delinquents receive dif-
cipline and correftion. Ayliffe^s Parer.

5. A decretal epiftle. AylifVs Parergon.

6. Chapter-houfe ; the place in which af-
femblies of the clergy are held.

Thougii the canonical conftituticn does ftriflly
require it to be made in the cathedral, yet it m.it-
ters not where it be made, cither' in the choir or
ehapler-heufc. Aybffe's Parer/ron.

Cha'ptrel. n. f. [probably from cha-
piter.] The capitals of pillars, or pi-
lafters, which fupport arches, commpnly
called imports.

Let the kcy(!oi.- break without the arch, fo
much as you pvojcdt over the jaums with the ebap-
trels, Mcxon*

Char. n.f. [of uncertain derivation.] A

fifh found only in Winander meer; in

Lancafhire.
To Cu AK.. 1/. a. [See Charcoal.] To

burn wood to a black cinder.
Spraywood, in charring, p.\rts into various

cracks. ffoodieard,

CHAR. //./. [c>Tine» work. Sax. L)r. It
is derived by Skinner, either from charge,
Fr. bufinefs ; or cape. Sax. care ; or
keeren, Dutch, to fweep.] Work dons
by t,he day ; a fingle job or tafk.

A meer woman, and commanded
By fuch poor palTion, as the maid that milks,
And does the mcane(t chars, Shakejpeare*

She, har\'eft done, to char work did afpire ;
Meat, drink, and twopence, were her daily hire.

Dryden,^

To Char, v, «. [from the noun.] To
work at others houfes by the day, with-
out being a hired fervant.

Cha'r-woman. n. f, [from thar and
•woman.] A woman hired accidentally
for odd works, or fingle days. •

P P » Get

C H A

Get three or four {bjr-wtmtn ti attend you
eonftintljr in the kitchen, whom you pay ouly
with the Cickea m»t, a I'evi cools, and all the
einiers. Swifi.

CHA'RACTER. ». / [charaSir, Lat.

Xa^-a.Tif.]

t. A marlf,; a. (lamp ; a reprefentacion.

In outward alio her refembling Ids
Hit image, who made both j and lefs exprelTing
The ihjrjUer of" that dominion giv'n
O'er other creatures> Puraiifi LcJI-

2. A letter ufcd in writing or printing.

But his neat cookery ! ■
He eat o ir roots in ctarallrrt. StaUfftart.

The purpnfe is perfpicuous, even as fubilance
Whofe groflncrs little charadirt fum up. Skateff.

It were much to be wiflied, that there were
throughout the world but one fort of chamber for
each letter, to exprefs it to the eye ; and that ex-
aft;y proportioned t» the natural alphabet formed
in the mouth. HcliUr's Eiemtnrs af Sfetcl;

3. The hand or manner of writing.

I f.iund the letter thrown in at the cafement of
roy clofet.— You know the chfiraStr to be your
brother's. Shaliffart.

4. A rcprcfentaticn of any man as to his
perlonal qualities.

Each dr. w tVir (haraEitrs, yet none
Of thefe they feign'd excels their own. Dnham.

Homer has excelled all tic heroick poets that
ever wro:e, in the multitude and variety of his
ekoraSttri ; every god that is admitted into his
poem, aAs a part which would have been fuit-
»Me to no other deity. /Uilifon.

5. An account of any thing as good or bad.

Ths fubtcrraneous paflage is m-jch mended,
CiKe Seneca gave fo bad a (barafler of it.

AM'fiiii on Italy.

6. The perfon with his affemblage of qua-
lities ; a perfonage.

In a tragedy, or epick poem, the hero of the
piece mud be advanced foremoft to the view of
the reader or fpeftator ; he rauft outfliine the reft
of all the charaHer:; he mud appear the prince of
them", like th« fun in the Copetnican fyftcra, en-
compalTeJ witli the lefs noble planets. Drydcn.

"J. Perfonal qualities ; particular conftitu-
tion of the mind.

Nothing fo true as what you once let fall,
Mqft women have no charjtliri at all. Pnfe.

8. Adventitious qualities impreffed by a
pod or office.

The chief honour of the jnagi (Irate confifts in
maintaining the dignity of his charaBcr by fuitable
anions. AlUrbury.

y'e Cha'racter. v. a. [from the noun.]
To infcribe ; to engrave. It feems to
have had the accent formerly on the
fecond fyllable.

Th;ft frw precepts in thy memory
See thou iharaffcr. Stalejfearr.

Shew mc one fear ch.ira£ier*d on thy Tttin. Sbak,
O Rofalind I thefe trees fhall be my books.
And In their barks ray thoughts I'll ebjr.iFJer,

Sbaitjptare,
The pleafing pnifoo
The vifaje (juite transforms of him that drinks.
And the inglnrlout likcncls of a beaft
Fixes inftead, unmouUlng reafon's mintage,
Charadtrd in the face. Afittcn.

Ch AR ACTERi'sTiCAL. aJj. [from fha-
raScrize.'] That which conllitutes the
charafter, or marks the peculiar pro-
perties, of any perfon or thing.

There are fcveral others that 1 take to have
l'.ta likcwife f;ich, to which yet ] have not vtn-
iJteJ to prefix that charaBinJIual JilVinaion.

ff^e^tizvarti on FtJpJt.

TW QilDiag<]u*lit<^ of an epick liero, his mag-
naninii'v, kit conllancy, hit I'atisnce, hi" piety, or

C H A

vhaterer ckaraStrlfka! virtue his poet glv*i him,
raifes our admiration. Drydai.

Characteri'sticalness. h. /. [from
cbarafftriflical.'] The quality of being
peculiar to a charafter; marking a cha-
rafter.

Char ACTERi'sTicK. »./. That which
conftitutes the charafler ; that which
dillinguifhes any thing or perfon from
others.

Thisvaft invention exerts itfelf in H9mer, in a
manner fuperiour to that of any poet ; it is the
great and peculiar charaBeriJIUk which diftinguiihes
him from all others. Pofr.

Char ACT ERi'sTiCK of a Logarithm.
The fame with the index or expcnent.

To Ch a'r ACTERiZE. V. o. [from cha-
railer. ]

1. To give a charafter or an account of
the perfonal qualities of any man.

It is fonic commendation that we have avoided
publickly to tbaraUer'tTU any perfoo, wirfiout long
experience. Swift.

2. To engrave, or imprint.

They nMy be called anticipations, prenotions,
or fentiments cla^-ccliriztd and engraven in the
foul, born with it, and growing up with it.

Hak's Oririn of Manhiiul.

3. To mark with a particular ftamp or
token.

There are faces not only individual, but gen-

tilitious and national j European, Afiatick, Chi-

nefe, African, and Grecian faces are charaflirized.

jlrhurhnot on Air.

Ch a'racterless.o.^". [from tbaraSer.']
Without a charafter.

Whin water-drops have worn the ftones of Troy,
And blind oblivion fwallow'd cities up,
And mighty ftates cberalitrlcfi are grated
To dufty nothing. Shakefpeari.

Cha'racterv. n. /. [from charaSer.']
Impreflion; mark; diftinflion: accented
anciently on the fecond fyllable.

Fairies ufc flowers for their cbaraHtry. Sbahffi.
All my engagements I will conftruc to thee.
All the rharailery of my fad brows. Shal:fftart.
Cha'rcoai,. «. /. [imagined by Skinner
to be derived from ehar, bufinefs ; but,
by Mr. iy, from '''' chark, to burn.]
Coal made by burning wood under turf.
It is ufcd in preparing metals.

Seacoal lafts longer than charcoal i and char-
coal of roots, being coaled into great piece', lafls
longer than ordinary charcoal. Bacon's Hat, Hift.

Love is a lire that burns and fparkles
In men as nat'rally as in charcoals.
Which footy chymifts Hop in holes,
When out of wood they extraft coals. Huilihras.

Is there who, lock'd from ink and paper, firrawls
With dep'ratc charcoal toani his darkened walls !■

Pofe.

Chard, it./, [charde, French.]

1, Chards of artichokes, are the leaves of
fair artichoke plants, tied and wrapped
up all over but the top, in ftraw, during
the autumn and winter ; this makes them
grow white, and lofe fome of their bit-
tcrnefs. Chambers.

2. Chards of beet, arc plants of white
beettranfplanted, producing great tops,
which, in the midH, have a large, white,
thick, downy, and cotton- like main
fhoot, which is the true chard, Mortimer.

To CHARGE. "J. a. [charger, Fr. cari-

cffre, Ital. from carrus, Lat.]
I. To entruft ; to comraiflion for a cer-

C H A

tain purpoTc : it .has with before tha
thing cntrulled.

And the captain ef the guard charged Jofeph
vi'uh them, and he fcrved them. Ctntfis.

What you have charged me luilb, that I have
done. , Shakeffrarc.

2. To impute as a debt: withan before
the debtor.

My father's, mother's, brother's death I pardon :
That "s fomcwhat fure ; a mighty fura ofjmurder.

II UMll

Of innocent and kindred blood ftruck on:

My prayers and penance (hall difcount for thefe,

And beg of Heav'n to riar^e^hc bill on me. Drfd,

3. To impute : with on before the perfon
to whom any thing is imputed. ,

No more accufe thy pen, but charge the crime
On native T.oth, and negligence of time. Drydcn,

It it eafy to account for the difficulties he charges
on the peripatetick doftrine. Locke.

It is not barely the ploughman's pains j the reap-
er's and threlher's to"il, and the baiter's fweat, is to
be counted into the bread we eat ; the plough, mill,
oven, or any other utenfils, muft all be charged on
the account of labour. » Lode,

Pcrverfe mankind ! whofe wills, created free.
Charge all their woes on abfolute decree ;
All to the dooming gods their guilt tranflate.
And follies are mifcall'd the crimes of fate. Pofe.-

We charge that vpun neceflity, wliich was really
defired and chofen. H^aits's Logkkt

4. To impute to, as coft or hazard.

He was fo great an encouragcr of commerce,
that hcciar^fiihimfelfwlth all the fea rifle of fuch
velTels as carried corn to Rome in winter.

Arhuihnot on Cains.

5. To impofe as a tafk : it has w//A be-
fore the thing impofed.

The g'lfpel chargeth us with piety towards God,
and juftice and charity to men, and temperance
and chaftity in reference to ourfelves. Tillotfin.

6. To accufe ; to cenfure.

Speaking thus to you, 1 am fo far from charging
you as guilty in this matter, that I can fincerely
fay, 1 believe the exhortation wholly needlefs.

ffake's Prifarathn for Death.

7. To accufe: it has <with before the crime.

And his angels he charged tvitb folly. Jci.

8. To challenge.

l"he prieft (hall charge her by an oath. Numbers,
Thou canft not, cardinal, devifc a aame

So (light, unworthy, and ridiculous.

To tharge me to an anfwer as the pope. Shakcff,

9. To command ; to enjoin.

I may not fuffer you to vifit them ;
The king hath ftriflly cberg'd the contrary. Sbak.
Why doft thou turn thy face ? I charge thee,
anfwer
To what I fliall enquire. Drydcei,

I charge thee, ftand.
And tell thy name, and bufinefs in tlic land. Dryd,

10. To fall upon; to attack.

With his prepared fwcrd he charges home
My unprovided body, lanc'd my arm. ShakeJ)).

The Grecians rally, and their pow'rs unite ;
With fury charge iis, and renew the fight, thjd.

11. To burden ; to load.
Here's the fi«eilof bkod ftill; all thcpcrfumei

of Arabia will not fweeten this littlc^hand. Oh !

oh ! oh ! What a figh is there I The heart is

forely charged. Shukeffeare,

When often urg'd, nnwllling to be greit.
Your country cills yon from your iov"d retreat.
And fends to fenates, charg'd with common care.
Which none more (huns, and none can better bear.

Dryden,

Meat fwalloweJ down for pleafure and greedi-
ncfs, only charges the t^omach, or fumes into the
brain. Temp/e.

A fault in the ordinary method of education, h
the charging of children's memories with rules and

precepts.

Locke,

The brief with weighty crimes was charg'd.
On whidi the pleader much calarg'd, S-.iifi.

12. To

■C H A

12. To cover with fomething adventitious.

It is pity the obdilks in Rome had not been
ibarged with fcveral parts of the Egyptian hifto-
ries, inflead of hieroglyphicks. Addifm n llalj.

13. To fix, as foi Sght. Obfolete.

He rode up and down, gallantly mounted, and
charged and difcb^rged his lance.

Kr.cUes'i Hifnry cf tht Turks.

14. To load a gun with powder and bullets.
To Charge. 1;. n. To make an onfet.

Like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in
jron, and Teems to defpife all ornament but intrin-
fick merit. Granville.

Charge. »./. [from the verb.]

1. Care; cuftody ; truft to defend.

A hard divilion, wtien the harralefs Iheep
Muft leave their lambs to hungry wolves in charge.

Fairfax*
He enquired many things, as well concerning
the princes which had the charge of the city,
whether they were in Iiope to drfcnd the fame.

KcilJa'i H:J}ory of the Turis.

2. Precept; mandate; command.

Saul might even lawfully have offered to God
thofe referved fpoils, had not the Lord, in that
particular cafe, given fpecial charge to the con-
trary. Hioker.

It is not for nothing, that St. Paul givcth charge
to beware of philofophy ; that is to fay, fuch know-
ledge as men by natural reafon attain unto. Hooker.

One of tlie Turks laiU down letters upon a llone,
faying, that in them was contained that they had
in charge. Knol'et.

The leaders having charge from you to ftand,
Will not go off until they hear you fpeak. Sbakrff.

He, who requires
From us no othfr fcrvice than to keep
This one, this eafy charge ; of all the trees
In Paradife, that bear delicious fruit
So various, not to taftc that only tree
Of knowledge, planted by the tree of life. Miltin.

3. Commiffion ; truft conferred ; office.

If large pofleflions, pompous titles, honourable
charges, and profitable commilfuns, could have
made this proud man happy, there would have
been nothing wanting, L'EJIrartge.

Go firft the matter ef thy herds to fin:'.
True to his charge^ a loyal Twain and kind. Pofn.

4. It had anciently iometimes o-ver before
the thing committed to truft.

I gave my brother charge cniir Jerufalem ; for
he was a faithful man, and feared Gnd abois
many. Nehemiah.

5. It has »/■ before the fubjedl of command
or truft.

Haft thou eaten of the tree,
Wl«r<o/" I gave thee charge thou ftiould'ft not ent ?

Milim.

6. It has upon before the perfon charged.

He loves God with all his heart, that ii, with
that degree of love, which is rhe higheft point of
our duty, and of God's charge i//>c« us.

T.tykr^i Rule cf Living Holy,

7. Accufation ; imputation.

We need not lay new matte; to his charge :
Beating your officers, curfing yourfelves. Hhakefp.

Thcfe very men are continually reproaching tie
clergy, and laying to their charge the pride, tiie
avarice, t!it luxury, the ignorance, and fuperftition
of p'ipifli times. Sivift.

S. The perfon or thing entrufted to the
care or management of another.

Why hatl thou, baun, broke the bounds pre-
fcrib-d
To thy tranfgrclTions, and difturb'd the charge
Of others ? Miluns Paradije Lojl.

More had he faid, but, fearful of her ftjy,
The ftirry guardian drove bis charge away
To fomc fiefli paflure. Dryden.

Our guardian angel faw them where they late
Above the palace of our (lumb'ring king;
He fijh'd, abaadooing his charge tj fate. Drydcn.

C H A

This part fliould be the governour's principal
care; that an habitual gracefulnefs and politencfs,
in all his carrlag?, may be fettled in his charge,
as much as may be, before he goes out of hia
hands, Lccke.

9. An exhortation of a judge to a jury,
or biftiop to his clergy.

The bilhop has recommended this author in
hi", charge to the clergy. Drydcn.

10. Expence ; coft.

Boing long lince made weary with the huge
charge wh'-ch you have l.rid upon us, and with the
ftrong endurance of fo many complaints.

Spenjer en IreLuid.

Their chargevrzs always born by tho queen, and
duly paid out of the excliequer.

B.TCon^s Al<vice to ViUicrs.

Witnefs this army of fuch mafs and chjrgc.
Led by a delicate and tender prince. Shakf^eare.

He liv'ii as k'ngs retire, though more at large.
From publickbufiners, yet of equal c/'ur^c Dryd.

11. It is, in later times, commonly ufed
in the plural, charges.

A man ought warily to begin charges, which,
once bCjjun, will continue. Baccn^s EJfays.

Ne'er put ysurfeif to charges, to complain
Of wrong which heretofore you did fuftain. Dryd.

The laft pope was at confiderable charges to
make a little kind of harbour in this place.

Aidijon on Italy.

12. Onfet.

And giving a charge upon their enemies, like
lions, they flew eleven thoufand footmen, and fix-
teen hundred horfemen, and put all the others to
flight. 1 Maccabees.

Honourable retreats are no ways infcriour to
brave charges ; as having lefs of fortune, more of
difcipline, and as much of valour.

Bacon^s V/ar iv'ixh Spain.

13. The fignal to fall upon enemies.

Our authar feems to found a charge, and be-
gins like the clangour of a trumpet. Drydtrr.

14. The pofture of a weapon fitted for the
attack or combat.

Their neighing courfers daring of the fpur.
Their armed llaves in cA^r^^, their beavers down.

Siaiifjieare.

15. A load, or burthen.

Alfcs of great charge. Sbikeffeare.

16. What any thing can bear.

Take of aqua-fortis two ounces, of qulck-filvcr
two drachitis, for that charge the aqua-fortis will
bear, the dilfolution will not bear a flint as big
as a nutmeg. Bacon.

1 7. The quantity of powder and ball put
into a gun.

18. Among farriers.

Charge is a preparation, or a fort of ointment of
the confidence of a thick decnftion, which is ap-
plied to the flioulder-fplaits, inflammations, and
fprains of horfes.

A charge Is of a middle nature, between an oint-
ment and a plafter, or between a plafter :md a ca-
taplafm. farrier's Dilt.

19. In heraldry.

The charge is that which is born upon the co-
lour, except it be a coat divided only by partition.

Pcacham.

Ch a'rgeabi. E. arij. [from c/5'ajyf. ]
I. Expenfive ; coftly.

Divers bulwarks were demolllhed upon the fea-
coafts, in peace chargeable, .inJ little ferviccable in
war. Hayward.

Neither did we eat any man's br^ad for nought,
but wrought with labour and travel night and day,
that we might not be chargeable to any of you.

2 Thcjalomjns.
There was another accident of the fame n.iturc
on the Sicilian fiHr, much more pleafant, but lefs
ch.irgcalie ; for it colt nothing but wir. py<,ii^n.
Confidcring the chaigeable methndi of their edu-
cation, their numerous iiTu:, and faiAil inccme, it

C H A

IS next to a miracle, that no more of their thil
dren fhould want. Atterbury^

z. Imputable, as a debt or crime: wither.

Nothing can be a reil'onabic ground of defpifmg
a man, but fome fault or other chargeable upon
Wwn. South.

3. Subjedl to charge or accufation; ac-
cuiable : followed by nuith. ••

Your papers would be chai geable ivith fomething
worfe than indelicacy j they would be immoral.

Spcflal'.r.
Ch a'rgeablen ESS. it./, [from charge-
aide.'] Expence ; coft ; coftlinefs.

That wliich moit deters me from fuch trIaU, Is

not their chargiahlenefs, but their unfatisfa£lori-

nef:;, though they Ihould fucceed. Bo-$U.

Ch a'rv3e ABLY. adv. SJ'iQim. chargeable .}

Expenfively ; at great coft.

He procured ic not with his money, but by his
wifjom ; nf't che'-rgeably bought by him^ but libe-
rally given by others by his means. '^Afeham.
CHA'acEFur, . adj. [charge and fuJI.^ Ex-
penfive ; coftly. Not in ufe.
Here 's the note
How much your chain wi'if hs to .he utmoft carat,
The finenefs of the gold, the chargeful fafliion.

ShakefpearfM

Cha'rger. n.f. \Jrom charge.^ A large
dilh.

Ali the tributes land and fea nfTnrds,
HcapM in great cbargeriy load uurl'umptuous boards.

Dertkavt*

This %o\Ae.t\ charger f fnatcH'd from burning Troy,

Anchiie^diJ in iacvjfice employ. DrjdeniAtnciJ,

Ev'n Lamb himfelf, at the moft folcmn fcaR,
Might have (omccbargers not cxa£lly drcfsM. iCi'-g*

Nor dare cliey clofc their eyes,
Void of a bulky charger near their lips,
With which, in ofccn interrupted flecp,
Their frying blo;»d compels to irrigati
Their dry furr'd tongues, PhV'ipu

C H a'r I L y . adv, [from chary m'I Warily ;
frugally.

Whit p:ipcr do you talcc up fo cbarVs ? ,Shoh-fp,

Cha'r I NESS. ff.y. [ frdm f /"rtr)- . ] Caution;
nicety ; fcrupuloulhefs.

I wiliconfentto ail any villany againft him, thaC
may not fully the ci'^mrtf/s of our honertv. Hhakefp*
CHA'RIOT. n.f. [car-rhod, Wellh, a
wheeled car, for it is known the Britons
fought in fuch ; charriot, Fr. carretta,
Ital.]

1. A wheel carriage of pleafure, or ftate ;
a vehicle for men rather than wares.

I'liy grand caprain Antony
Shall fct thee on triumphant chariots, and
Put garlands on thy head. Shakfpcare,

2. A car in which men of arms were an-
. cicntly placed.

He feims the liquid plains.
High on his chariot, and with loulen'd reins '
Majeftick r^oves along. D/ydiu's j^/ieid.

3. A lighter kind of coach, with only front
feats.

To Cha'riot. v. a. [from the noun.] To
convey in a chariot. This wc,-ti is rarely
ufcd.

An an?cl all in (lames afccndcd,
As in a fiery column charioting
His godlike prcfcnce. Mili.n'i Sampfcn Agon'ifles.

Chariote'er. it.f. [horn chariot.] He
that drives the chariot. It is ufed only
in fpeaking of military chariots, and
thofe in the ancient public games.
The gafping charioteer beneath the wheel
Of his own car. • Drydrn's Tatles^

Thf burning chariot, and the charlotier.
In biijjlit Bootci and his wans upp-'iir.

ylJ.lifon on Italy.
Show

C H A

C H A

C H A

Show SI the yeuchfat han^rame ehMttftr,
Firm in his feat, and running hi« cireer. Prm.
Chariot race. h. f. [from chariot &nA.
raei.'\ A fport anciently ufed, where
chariots were driven for the prize, as
now horfes run.

There is a wonderful vigour and fpirlt in the
defcriptjon of the liorfe and charht race, jijdljon.

Cha'ritable.^i^'. \_cbaritabk, Fr. from
chariti.']

1 . Kind la giving alms ; liberal to the
poor.

He that hinders a citrilabU perfon from giving
alms to a poor man, it tied to reftitution, if he hin-
dered him by fraud or violence. Taylor' t Uily L'n>.

Shortly thou wilt behold me poor, and.kneelinj
Before thy itaritat/e door for bread. Rmat.

How ihill we ihen wifti, that it mightbc allowed
us to live OTcr our Iivc3 again, in order to fill every
minute of them with cbaritatic offices ! Atttrhurj,

Health to himf':lf, and to his infants bread,
The lab'rer bears s what his hard heart denies.
His char'ittthle vanity fupplics. Pope.

2, Kind in judging of others; difpofcd to
tenderoefs ; benevolent.

How had you been my friends elfe ? Why have
^'ou that tharitahU title from thoufands, did you not
chiefly belong to my heart ? Stakcjp. Tiircn,

Of a politick fermon that had no divinity, the
king faid to bifhop Andrews, Call you this a fer-
mon } The bilhop anfwcrcd. By a charitaile con-
ftrudion it mty be a fermon. Saccn.

■Ch a'ritably. aJv. [from cliarify.l
J. Kindly; liberally; with inclination to
help the poor.

2. Benevolently ; without malignity.

Nothing will more enable us to bear our crofs
patiently, injuries charitahiyi aid the labour of re-
ligion comfortably. Taylor.

"Tis beft fometimes your cenfure to reflrain.
And cbariiably let the dull be vain. Pope.

jCHA'RITY. a. /. [chariti, Fr. charitas,

Lat.]
I . Tentdernefs ; kindnefs ; love.

By thee.
Founded in reafnn, loyal, ju{l, and pure,
Relations dear^ and all the charities
Of father, fon, and brother, firft were known.

Milrcn.

a.. Goodwill ; benevolence ; difpofition to
think well of others.

My errouts, I hope, are only thofe of charity to
mankind j and fuch as my own charity has caufed
ine to commit, that of others may more ealily ex-
cafe. Drfden.

3. The theological virtue of univerfal fove.

Concerning ciijc:/)-, the final oljeft whereof is
that incomprehenfible beauty which (hineth in the
countenance of Chrilt, the Son of the living Cr^.

liocktr.

Peace, peace, for fliamc, if not for charity.—
^Urge neither charity nor (hamc to me ;
Vocharitably with me have vou dealt. Shakrfpeare.

Only' add
Deeds to thy knowledge anfwerable; add faith,
Add virtue, patience, temperance j add lov^
Sy name t« come cali'd charity, the foul
■Ofall the reft. Mihoi.

Faith believes the revelations of Cod j hopcrx-
pefls his promlfea ; charity lovej his cxcelli-ncies
and mercies. Tityhr.

But lading ^.ftuW/y's mnrc ample fway.
Nor bound by time, nor fubjcft to decay,
In happy triumph Ihall for ever hve. Prior.

Charity, or a love of God, »-hich works by a love
of our neighbour, is greater than faith or hope.

Allerhury.

4. Liberality to the poor.

The heathrn poet, in commending the charity
«r Dido to the Trojans, fpokciikc a chrifiian.

Dryicn.

5. Alms; relief given to the poor.

We muft incline to the king; I will look for
him, and privily relieve him; go you and maintain
talk with the duke, that my charity be not of him
perceived. Shakefpeare.

The ant did well to reprove the grafthopper for
her flathfulnefij but <he did ill then to refufc her
a charity in her diftrefs. L'tfiratt^e.

I never had the confidence to beg a charily. Dryd.

To Chark. 11. a. To burn to a black
cinder, as wood is burned to make char-
coal.

Excefs either with an apoplexy knocks a man
on the head, or with a fever, like lire in a ftrong-
. water Ihop, burns him down to the ground ; or, if
it flames not out, charkt him to a coal.

Grenu'i C''Jrtioiogia Sacra.

CHA'RLATAN. «./ [ctarJatan.pT.ciar.

letatio, Ital. from ciarlare, to chatter.]

A quack ; a mountebank ; an empirick.

Saltimbanchocs, quackfalvers, and charl^it^tisy

deceive them in lower degrees. Brov^ns ^f^S' ^rr.

For charlatans can do nQ good.

Until they're mounted in a crowd. Hudiiras.

Charlata'nic k\..adj. [from chaiiatan.'\
Quackifh ; ignorant.

A cowardly fotdier, and a charlatattUal do^or,
are the principal fubjet£l:> of comedy. Coivley.

Ch a'rl AT ANRY. n.f. [frO'n^cbarlatan.'\
Wheedling ; deceit ; cheating with fair
words.

Charlbs's-waIn. n.f. The northern
conftellation, called the Bear.

There are feven ftars in Urfa minor, and in

Charles' t-wain, or Plauftrum of Urfa major, fcvcn.

Brcnvtt^s Vulgar Errdtjrs.

Cha'rlock. «.y! A weed growing among
the com with a yellow flower, li is a
fpecies of Mithridate muilard.

CHARM, n.f. [charme, Fr. carmen, La-
tin.]

1. Words, or philtres, or charafters, ima-
gined to have fome occult or unintelli-
gible power.

I never kncvk- a woman fo dote upon a man ;
furely I think you have charms. Not I, I af-

fure thce^ fetting the attraction of my good parts
afide, 1 have no other charms. Shatefpcarr.

There have been ufed, either barbarous words,
of no fenfe, left they ftiould difturb the imagina-
tion j or worlds of fimilitude, that may fcconJ and
feed the imagination : and this was ever as well
in heathen charms, as in charms of later times^

Bacont

Alcyone he names amidft his pray'rs.
Names as a charm againft the waves and wind,
Moll in his mouth, and ever in his mind. Bryden.
Ant^us could, by magick charms.

Recover ftrength whene'er he fell. S-w'ift.

2. Something of power to fubdue oppofi-
tion, and gain the affedions; fomething
that can pleafe irrefiftibly.

Well founding vc.fcs aiV the charm we ufe,
Hcr«ick thoughts and virtue to infufe. Rojcommon.

Nor ever hope the queen of love
Will e'er thy fav'rite's tbarms improve. Pri^/r.

To fam'd Apelles when young Amnon brought
The darling idol of his captive hcnrt ;
And the ple.is'd nymph with kind attention fat,
To have her cl\irms recorded by his art. IValUr.

But what avail her uncxhaiiftcd (lores.
Her' blooming mountains, and her funny ihores.
With all the gifts that heaven and earth impart,
The fmilcs of nature, and the riiormi nf art,
While proud opprcfliin in her vallies reigns.
And tyranny ulurps her happy plains? AdSiJon.

'7i Charm, 'v. a. [from the noun.)
I. To foKify with charms againft evil.

Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crefts;
I bear a charmed life, which mall not yield
To one of woman bwn. Shake/peart-

2. To make powerful by charms.

3. To fummon by incantation.
' Upon my knees

I charm yoo by my once commended beauty.
By All your vows of love, and that great vow
Which did incorporate and make us one. Sbaktff,

4. To fubdue by fdme fecret power ; to
amaze ; to overpower.

1, in mine own woe charm' J,
Could not find death, where I did hear him groan ;
Nor feel him where he ftruck. Shateffearet

Mufick the fierccft grief can .'£<:/•«. Pofe>

5. To fubdue the mind by pleafure.

'Tis your graces
That from my muteft coufcience to my tongue'
Charms this report out. Hhaktjfiart,

Amoret ! my lovely foe.
Tell me where thy (Irengtli does I'e :
Where the pow'r that charms us fo.
In thy foul, or in thy eye ? Waller,

Charm by accepting, by fubmitting fway. Pope,
Chloe thus the foul alam'd,
Aw'd without fenfe, and without beauty charm' J.

Pope.
Cha'rmed. adj. Enchanted.

Arcadia was tlic ctarmcd circle, where all bis
fpirits for ever fliould be enchanted. Sidney,

■*" We implore thypowerful hand.
To uado the iharmd band .
Of true virgin here diftrelfeJ. Miltm,

Cha'rmer. »./ [ftom cbarnt.']

1. One that has the power of charms or
enchantments.

That handkerchief
Did in Egyptian t> my mother give;
She was a charmer, xni could almoft read
The thoughts of people. Shakefpeare,

The paflion you pretended.

Was only to obtain ;
But when the charm is ended.

The fi^rrw^r you difdain. Dryden,

2. Word of endearment among lovers.

C H a'r M I N G i particip. adj. [from charm."]
Pleafing in the higheft degree.

For ever all goodnefs will be clarmiHg, for ever
all wickeJncfs will be moft odious. " Spratt.

O charming youth ! in the firll op'ning page.
So many graces iu fo gretn an age. Dry^ai,

Cha'rmingly. ad'V. [from charming.]
In fuch a manner as to pleafe excecd-
Jngly.

She fmiied very chariK'mgty, anti difcovered as
fine a fet of teeth as ever eye beiuld. Addifin.

Ch a'rmingn Bss. u./. [from chL^n/iitig.]
The power of pleating.

Cha'rkel. adj. [chara;!, Fr.] Contain-
ing flefli, or carcaffes.

Such are ihofe thick and gloomy /hadowsdamp.
Oft found in riarre/ vaults and.fepulcbres
Ling'ring, and fitting by a new fr.i;e grave. Miit,

Ch a'rnel-house. >i. /. [chamicr. Ft.
from ceirc, carnisi Latin.] The place
under churches wliere the bones of the
dead arc repoAted.

\i ctarnel-boujes and our graves mull fend
Thofe, that v*'e bury, back; our minuments
Shall be the maws of kites. Sbahrj'peart,

When they were in thofe ckarr.tl-bcufet, every
one was placed in order, and a biack pillar or cotiin
fet by him. Taylor.

CHART, n.f. [charta, Lat.] A deline-
ation or map of coalls, for the ufe of
failors. It is diftinguifhed from a map,
by reprefeutiiig only the coafls.

The Poituguefc, when they had doubled the
Cape of Good Hope, fousd flcilful pilots, ufm^

aftronomical

C H A

C H A

C H A

tAronomical iBftrumcnts, geographical th*rti, and
compafTc:. Arikthno!.

Cha'rtbr. h. /. [ckarta,,hanvi.'\
I . A charter is a written evidence of things
done between nr. n and man. Cbnrttrs
are divided into charurs of the king,
and charter! of private perfons. Charters
of the king are thofe, whereby the king
paffeth any grant to any perfon or more,
or to any body politick : as a charter of
exemption, that no man (hall be em-
pannelled on a jury ; charter of pardon,
whereby a man is forgiven a felony, or
other offence. Coweil.

z. Any writing beftowing privileges or
rights.

If yju deny it, let the danger light
Upon your charter , and your city's freedom. Shji,

It is not to be wondered, thjt tiie great darter
whereby God beftowcd the whole earth upon Adam,
and confitmed it unto the Tons of N(>ah, being a>
brief in word as lai^c in cHedl, hath bred much
quarrel of interpretation, Raleigh^s EJffayi,

^cre was that charter feal'd, wherein the crown
All marks of arbitrary power lays down. Denham,

She ihalces the rubbiih from her mounting brow.
And fcemt to have renew'd her ctarter^s date,
\Vhich beav'itiwill to the death of time allow.

Dry den.

God renewed this charter of man's foveieignty
over the creatures. Sutth.

3. Privilege; immunity; exemption.

I mull have liberty,
Withal as large a charter as the wind.
To blow on whom 1 picafe ; for fo fools have ;
And they that are moft galled with my folly,
They moll mud laugh. Sh»keffiare.

My mother,
Who has a charter to extol her blood,
When die iloes praifc me, grieves me. Shakefp.
Charter-party. »._/.' [chartre partie,
Fr.] A paper relating to a contradl, of
which each party has a copy.

Chtirfer-f>artieit or contrails, made even upon the
high fra, touching things that are not in their
own nature maritime, belong not to the admiral's
jurifdi^ion. Hate

Cka'rtered. ae^J. [from chcjrter.'] In-
vefted with privileges by charter ; pri-
vileged.

When he fpeaks
The air, a ch::rter'd libertine, is liill. Slakifp.

Cha'ry. aiij. [from care.'\ Careful; cau-
tious ; wary ; frugal.

Over his kindred he held a wary and chary
care, which bountifully was exprefled, when oc-
calion fo required. Carc^o^i Survey uf Ci/rtrwaU.

The charieji maid is prodigal enough,
' If flie unmafk her beauty to the moon. Sbakeft,

To CHASE, -v. a. {chaffer, Fr.]
I. To hunt.

It (hall be as the chafed roe. Jfaiah.

Mine enemies chafed me fore like a bird.

Lifmentatlotii*

J. To purfue as an enemy.

And Abimelcch chafed him, and he fled before

him. Jndgei,

Ooeofyou Ihallritf/iratboafand. Deutcnnemy.

3. To drive away.

He that ehafitb away bi> mother, U a fon that
caufeth Ihame. Previrts.

4. 'J'o follow as a thing defirable.
J. To drive.

Thus chafed by their brother's endlefi malice
from prince to prince, and from place to place,
they, for their fafety, fled at lall to the city of
Bifennis. Kmllii'i fiiftery of the Turks.

When the following morn had ehat'd away
The flying ftars, and light reftor'd the day, Dryd.

ToCuAiiMttalt. See 7(1 Enchase.

CiiAtE. »./ [from the verb.]

I. Hunting ; as, the pleafures of the cha/e.

z. Purfuit of any thing as game.

Whllft he was haft'ning in the chafe. It feems,
Of this fair couple, meets he on the way
The father of this feeming lady. Shakefpeare.

There is no chafe more pkafant, methinks,
than to drive a thought, by good conduit, from
one end of the world to another, and never to lofe
fight of it till it fall into cterrNty.

Burnet's Theory of the Earth.

3. Fitnefs to be hunted ; appropriation to
cha/e or fport.

Concerning the beafts of chafe, whereof the buck
is the firft, he is called the firft year a fawn. Shak.

A maid 1 :im, and of thy vitgin train ;
Oh 1 let me Uili tJiat fpotlefs name retain.
Frequent the forefts, thy chafte will obey,
And only make the beails of chafe my prey. Dryd.

4. Purfuit of an enemy, or of fomething
noxious.

The admiral, with fuch Ihips only as could fad-
dcnly be put in readinefs, made forth with them,
and luch as came daily in, ws fet upon them, and
gave them cbaf. Baan.

He fallied out upon them with certain troops of
horfemen, with fuch violence, chat he overthrew
them, and, having them in chafe, did fpoed/ exe-
cution. Krtollci't titflsry of the Turks.

They feek that joy, which ot'd to glow
Expanded on the hero's face.

When the thick fquadrons ptefs'd the foe.
And William led the glorious eh.tfe. Prior.

5. Purfuit of fomething as defirable.

Yet this mxS chaje of fame, by (eve purfued,
Has drawn deltruilian on the multitude.

Dryden't Juvenal.

6. The game hunted.

She, feeing the towering of her purfued chafe,

went circling about, riling fo with the Icfs fenfe of

% rifing. Sidney,

Hold, Warwick ! feek thee out fomc other chafe,

For I myielf mud put this deer to death. Shak.

Honour 's the noblcft chaje ; purfue that game,

AJQ recompenfe the lof« of love with fame.

Craftvilte.

7. Open ground ftored with fii'ch bealts as
arc hunted.

A receptacle for deer and game, of a middle na-
ture between a fored and a park ; being commonly
lefs than a fored, and not endued with lo many
liberties ; and yet of a larger compati^ and llorcd
with greater diverlity of game, than a park. A
chafe dift'ers from afored in thii, becaufe it may
be in the hands of a fubjeil, which a fored, in its
proper nature, cannot: and from u park, in that it
is not inclofed, and hath not only a larger compafs,
and more dorej)f game, but likcwife more keepers
and overfeers. Covjell,

He and his lady both are at the lodge.
Upon the north fide of this pleafant chafe. Shak.

8. The Chase of a gun, is the whole bore
or length of a piece, taken withinfide.

Chambers.
Chase-gun, n. f. [from chafe and^a;?.]
Guns in the forepart of the fliip, fired
upon thofe that are purfued.

Mean time the Belgians tack upon our rear.
And raking chafe-guns through our Hern they fend.

Dry den.

Cha'ser, n.f. [from chafe. ^

1 . Hunter ; puriuer ; driver.

Then began
A flop 1' th' chafer, a retire ; anon
A rout, confufion thick. Sbakeffeare.

So fad he flies, that his reviewing eye
Has loft the chafers, and his car the cry. Denham.

Strctch'd on the lawn, his fecond hope furvcy,
At once the chafer, and at once the prey I
Lo, RuFus, tugging at the deadly dart.
Bleeds in the fored lilte a woundcd hatt ! Pope.

2. An enchafer.

Chasm, ti.f. [xA'^i^"-!
I , A breach unclofed ; a cleft ; a gap ;
an opening.

In ail that vifible corporeal world, we fee no
ehafms or gaps. Locke.

The water of this orb communicates with that
of the otean, by means of certain hiatufes or
■ehafms palling betwixt it and the bottom ot the
ocean. fVoodtvard*

The ground adud her riv'n mouth difparts,
Hoirible r£'c_^ / profound. Philipt*

z. A place unfilled ; a vacuity.

Some lazy ages, loft in cafe,
* No a£tion leave to bufy chronicles ;
Sucli, whofe lupice felicity but makes
In dory r;!ia/i>ij, in cpochas midakes. Dryden.

CHJ'SSELJS. n.f [French.] A fort of

grape.
CHASTE, adj. [chafe, Fr. cafus, Lat.]

1 . Pure from all coThmerce of fexes ; as, a
cbnfe virgin.

Diana cbafie, and Hebe fair. Prior,

2. With ■ refpefl to language, pure; un-
corrupt ; not mixed with barbarous
phrafes.

3. Free from obfcenity.

Among wolds which lignify the fame principal
ideas, fjme are clean and decent^ others unclean ;
fomt- cbafie, others obfccne. Watts' s LogiH,

4. True to the marriage bed.

Love your children ; be difcreet, cbafie, keepers
at home. Titus,

Chaste-tree. ». y; [W/fr, Lat.]

This tree will grow to be eight or ten feet
high, and produce fpikes of flowers at the extre-
mity of every drong ihoot in autumn. Miller,
To Cha'sten. v. a. \chaflier, Fr. cafigo,
Lat.] Tocorreft; to punifh ; to mor-
tify,

Cbaflcn thy fon while there is hope, and let not
thifoul fpa.e lor his crying, Prmierhs,

I follow thee, fafe guide ! the path
Thou Icad'd me ; and to the hand of hcav'n

fubmit,
However chafi'mng. Miltoii't Paradife Lofi,

. Some feel the rod.
And own, like us, the father's chafi'riing hand.

Rtnoe,
From our lod purfuit die wills to hide
Her clofe decrees, and chaflen human pride. Prior,

\,To CHASTI'SE. -J. a, [cafigo, Lat. an-
ciently a«cented on the firft fyllable,
now on the laft,]

1 , To punilh ; to correal by punifhment ;
to afHift for faults.

My bread I'll burft with draining of my courage,
But 1 will chafiife this high-minded drumpet.

Shakefpeare,

I am glad to fee the vanity or envy of the cant-
ing chymido thus difcovered unA chaflifld, Boyle,

Seldom is the world affrighted or chaflifed with
figns or prodigies, earthquakes or inundations, fa-
mines or plagues. Grew' sCoftiologia Sacra,

Like you, commilTion'd to chafiife and blefs,
He mud avenge the world, and give it peace. Prior,

2, To reduce to order, or obedience; to
reprefs : to reftrain ; to awe.

Hie thee hither,
- That I may pour my fpirits in thine car.
And chafiife, with the valour of my tongue,
All that impedes thee. Shatcfpeare,

Know, Sir, that I
Will not wait pinion'd at your mader's court.
Nor once be chaflis'd with the fober eye
Of dull Oftavia. Shakeffeare.

The gay focial fenfe
By decency chaflis'd. Thomfon.

Chasti'sement. ». /. [chafiment, Fr.]
Correction ; puniihment ; commonly.

though

C H A

C H A

CHE

thcBgh not aUvnya, ufed ofdomefUck or
partinral puniAimcnc.

ihi'A I fu inud) (Jiilirnour my fair ilart*
On c^uJi ccrnis to give hi.n cbcf!'jtmint f StaJicffi*

He held the iKJUintnt of one, which moleltcd
die fee of Rome, pliiafixg to Cod. Raltiih'i Ejpiys.

For fev^n years uhut can a child be guihy of,
but lying, or ill-natured Cricki * the lepeatrd com-
miflion »t u'hich Ibail bring him to the cbcjl'tjcment
of the ro^t* Locke,

He rcce.vfs a fit of ficknefs as the kind tbaflift-
w.'rt and difciplinc ol his heavenly Father, to wean
his i'ftVaions from t!.« «-orld. Batlty.

Cha';tity. n. /. [cajlitas, Liit.]
1. Purity of the body.

Who can be bound by any folemn vow
To force a fpotlef* virgin's chafl'uy T Stakcfftart.

dijjlity is either ibiiinence or continence : ab-
fliTiencc is that of virgins or widows ; continence,
of married perfans : chjftc marriages are honour-
ai^ie 4rd pleafmg to God. TayUr*

Ev'n Irfre, where frozen chajiiiy retires.
Love fiRds an al ar for forbidden fires. - Popt,

t. Freedom from o'ofcenity.

1 hrrc is n ^t ctj/!iiy enough in language.
Without ofTencf t'-» utiertlum. Sbak* Much jido,

3. Freedom from bad mixture of any

kind; purity of language, oppofcd to

barbarilins.
CriASTi'sKR. n. /. [from chafti/e.'] The

perfon'that chalUlci ; a puniflier ; a

correftor.
Cha'stely./ii/i;. [from cbajie,'\ Without

incontinence ; purely ; without conta-

minatiou.

You Ointtld not pafs here; no, though it were
at virtuous to lie as to live chaptly, Shalitfftart.

Make firit a long of joy a^ lovi^
■Wliich (hajiily flame in r-iyal eyes. Jfuisit.

Succt-'jii 'n of a long dcfi.ent,
Wl.icli ih,!jlily in the channels ran.
And from our demi-gods began. DryJcn.

Cha'stness. n.f. [from f A«/?^.] Chafti-
ty ; purity.

Tf Chat, -ask-n. [from caqueter, Fr. Skin-
ner ; perhaps from a<hat, purchafe or
cheapening, on account of the prate
naturally produced in a bargain ; or
only, as it is moft likely, contrafted
from chatter.] To prate ; to talk idly ;
to prattle ; to cackle ; to chatter ; to
«onverfc at e.ife.

'i\\\a chatien the people in their fteads,
Vlike as a moiiftcr of many he«-!s. Sptnjer,

Bccaufc that I familiarly fonietimes
Do uf; yoU for my fool, and chat with you.
Your faucinrfswiil jcft upon my love. Stakrjfeare.

The niepherds on the lawn
Sat fimply tkatihrg in a niftick row. MUl'>n,

With much good-will the motion was cmbrac'd,
To ctet « while on their adventures pafs'd. Dryd,

To Chat. i'. a. To talk of. Not in ufe,
unlefs luJJcroufly.

All tongues ipcak of him, and the bleared fights
Arc fpeiliclcd to fee him. Vour pra;.ling niwfc
Into a rapture lets her baby cry,
'While /he tiati him. Shaiifpcan.

t^HAT. n.f. [from the verb.] Idle talk ;
prate ; flight or negligent tattle.

Lords, that can prate
As amply and unnecedarily •

As this Gonialo, I myfelf vrould mAe
A chough of as' drep chat, Sbaktf^fare,

The time between before the fire they fat,
And (horten'd the delay by pleafing ckat. Drydcn.

The leaft is good, far greater than the tiikllrg
of h.» palate with a glafs of wine, or the idle (ha!
of J foaking club. Lk\i.

Snuff, or the fan, fupplies each paufe of chat,
"With fioging; lauf iiing, ogling, and all tlMt< Pcfi,

7

Chat. n.f. The keys of trees are called
ibats ; as, alh cbati.

Cha'tellany. n. J. \chuuUnie, Fr.]
The dillrii^ under the dominion of a
caftle.

Here are about twenty towns and forti of great
imporunce, with their chaldlaniti and dependen-
cies. Drydtn.

Cha'ttel. «, / [See Cattle.] Any
moveable pofTcffion : a term now fcarce
ufed but in forms of law.

Nay look not big, nor ftaiDp> nor- dare, nor
fret;
I will be mafter of what is mine own ;
She is my goods, my chattels. Sbateffeare.

Honour's a leafe for lives to come.
And cannot be extended f/om
The legal tenant j 'tis a cbattle
Not to be forfeited in batlc. IJudihrat.

To CHA'TTER. -v. n. [caqueter, Fr.]

1. To make a noifc as a pie, or other
unharmonious bird.

Nightingales feldom fing, the pie ftill cbatleretb.

^ Sidney.

So doth the cuckow, when the mavis lings.

Begin his witlcfs note apjcc to chatter. Sfirfir.

There was a crow fat cbatter'wg upon fhc iiack

of a (heep : 'Well, firrah, fays the Iheep, you durft

not have done this to a dog. L'Eftratge.

Your birds of knowledge, that in dulky air
'Cbiitfcr futurity. Orydcr..

2. To make a noife by coUifion of the
teeth.

Stood Theodore furpris'd in dcidly fright,
With chtti'r'wg teeth, and briftling hair upright.

Drydcn.
Dip but your toes into cold water.
Their correfpondent teeth will clatter. Prior.

3. To talk idly or carelcfly.

^uflVr no hoar to pals away in a hay idlencfs,
an impertiiKnt ebatieriitg, or ufelef^ trifles.

JVatis'i L'.giik.

Cha'tter. «. / [from the verb.]

1. Noife like that of a pie or monkey.

The mimick ape be^an his chatter.
How eW tongues his life befpattcr.. Swift.

2. Idle prate. '

Cha'tterer. n.f. [from cbaiter.] An
■ idle talker ; a prattler.
Cha'twood. »._/; Little flicks; fuel.
Cha'vender. »./ {cheveftie.Yi.] The
chub : a iilb.

Thefc are a choice bait for the chub, or cha-
vender, or indeed any great fifli. K'altcni jirgier.

CHAUMOKTE'LLE.n.f [Frencii.] A

fort of pear.
To CHAW. 'V. a. [kaiveit. Germ.] To
champ between the teeth j to mafticatc ;
to chew.

I home returning, fraught with foul dcfpight,
And chawing vengeance all the way I went.

Sfrenfer^s Fairy Slueen,

They come te «s, but us love draws ;

He fwallows us, and never ttva'j 5

' He is the tyrant pike, ;ind vvc the fr)'. Donne.

Whether he fuund any ufe of tbatL'inr littic

fponges, dipt in oil, in his mouth, when lie was

perfeflly undjjr water, and at a tlillance from his

engine. Biy/e.

The man who lauglit but once to fee an afs
Mumbling to make the crofs-grain'J thiliks pafs.
Might laugh again, to fee a jury chaw
The prickles of unp.1l itable law. Dryden.

Chaw. n.f. [from the verb.] The chap ;
the upper or under part of a beaft's
mouth.

I will turn thcc bick, and put hooks into thy
eba^ci, anil will bring thee forth and all thine
am>;. MacUel.

ChaVorok. «f. / Entrails.

Add thereto a tyger's cLaivdm,
For the ingredknCs of our cauldron. Shrtkeffturit

CHEAP, aclj. [ccapan, Sax.koopeH, Dutch,
to buy.]

1. To be had at a low rate; purchafed
for a fmall price.

Where there are a great many fellers to a few
buyeis,. there the thing-to be fold will be ebcaf.
On the other fijr, ra;fe up a gieat many buyers
for a few fellers, and tlie fame thing will imme.
diately turn dear. Lock/.

2. Of fmall value ; eafy to be had ; not
rcfpeflcd.

The goodnefs, that ia cheap in beinty, makei
beauty brief in giwditefs. Sbakiffeare.

Had I fu Uvifh of myprefence been.
So common hackncy'd in the eyes of men,
So flale and cheap to vjlgar company. Sbakefpeare.

He that is too much in any thing, fo that he
givetli jnother ccafion of focictj-, maketh himfelf
cheap. Bacon.

May your fick fame ftiU languilh till it die,
And you grow ibcnp in every fuojcil's eye. Dryden.

The titles of diltinclion, which belong to us,
are turned into terms of dcriiion, and every way ia
taken, by profane men, towards rendering us cheep
and contemptible, jitteriury.

Cheap, n.f. [cheping is an old word for
market; whence Mafcbeei]), Cheapfn'e.]
Market ; purchafe ; bargain : as, good
cheap, a bon marche, Fr.

The fame wine which we pay fo dear for
now-a-days, in that good worM was very good
cheap. ' Sidney.

It is many a man's c^fe to tire himfeif oat
with hunting afcir that abroad, which he carri s
about him ail tlie while, and may have it better
cheap at home. L'EJIrange.

Some few infulttng cowards, who love to vapour
good cheap, may trample on thofe who give leaft
refinance. Decay of Piety.

TIiChe'apen. t. a. [ccapan, Sax. to
buy.]

1 . To attempt to purchafe ; to bid for
any thing ; to alk the price of any com-
modit}'.

Rich (he fhall be, that 's certain ; wife, or I 'II
none : virtuous, or 1 '11 never cheapen her. Sbak.

The firft he cheapened was a Jupiter, which
would have come at a very eafy rate. L^EJIrangc.

She dipt fometimes to Mrs. Thody's,
To cheapen te.u Prior.

'lo (hops in crosvds the daggled females fly.
Pretend to cheapen goods, bu; nothing buy. Swifts

2. To leflcn value.

My hopes purfuc a brighter diadem.
Can any brighter than the Roman be ?
I find my pro(5er'd love has cheapen d me. Dryden,

Che'aply. adv. [from cheap.] At a
fmall price ; at a low rate.

By ih."li: 1 fee
So great a day as this is cheaply bought. Shakefp.
Blood, rapines, mafTacres, were cheaply bought.
So mighty rccompencc your l>c.iury brought. Dryd.

Che'apness. n.f. [from riiw/.] Low-
nefs of price.

Ar.ciciit Oatutes incite merchant-ftrangers to
bring in commedities ; having for end cbetpnefi.

Bacon.

The difcredit which is grown upon Ireland, has
been the great diftouragement to other nat'ons to
tranfplant themfi-lves hither, and prevailed farther
than all the invitations which the cbeapjieh and
plenty of tV.c country has made them. 'timple,

Che ar. See Cheer.

To CHEAT, -v. a. [of uncertain deriva-
tion ; probably from acheter, Fr. to pur-
chafe, alltuling to the tricks ufed in
makiog bargains. Sec the noun.]

». To

CHE

1, To defraud ; to impofe upon ; to trick.
It is ufed commonly of low cunning.

It. is a dangerous commerce, where an honeft
nan is furs at firll of being cheateJ ; and he reco-
Tcrs not liis lofles, bw by learning to cbwt others.

Dry den,

Theri are people who find that the mod cft'ec-
tual way to cbeat the people, is always to pretend
to infaUible cures. TUhtfrn.

2. It has o/" before the thing taken away
by fraud.

I that am cartail'd of man's fair proportion,
Cbealed ef fettmt by diflembljng nature,
Deform'd, unfinift'd. Shairffiare.

Cheat. »./ [from the verb. Some think
abbreviated from efcheat, becaufe many
fraudulent meafures being taken by the
lords of manours in procuring efcheats,

■ cheat, the abridgment, waa brought to
convey a bad meaning.]

1 , A fraud ; a trick ; an impoftnre.

The pretence of publick good is a cbeat that
will ever pafs, though fo abufed by ill men, that
I wonder the good do not grow aSiamcd to ufe it.

TctKflc.
Empirick politicians ufe deceit.
Hide what they give, and cure but by a cbeat.

Drydeti.
When I confider life, 'tis all a cheat ;
Yet, fool's with hope, men farour the deceit S
Truft on, and think to-morrow will repay ;
To-morrow 's falftr than the former day ;
Lyes worfc ; and while it fays we (hall be bleft
With forae new joy, cuts off what we poflelf.

Drydin.

2. A perfon guilty of fraud.

Diflimulution can be no further ufeful than it is
concealed ; for as much as no man will truft a
known cheat, Stutb,

Like that notorious cheat, vail fums 1 give.
Only that you may keep me while I live. Dryder.,

Che'ater. ». y: \fiom cheat.'] One that
prafliftfs fraud.

I will be cheater to them both, and they <hall be
exchequers to me. [It is hurc for ejchemer.}

Shakejftare,

They fay this town is full of couzenage.
As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye |

Difguifed cktaleri, prating mountebanks,
And many fuch like libertines of fin. Sbakcffeare,

He is no fwaggerer, hoftefs ; a tame cheater i'
faith..— —CiMffr, call you him ? I will bar no
honeft man my houfe, nor no chmlrr, Shakeffeare.

All forts of injurious perfons, the facrilegiuus,
the detainers of tithes, cheaters of men's inhe-
ritances, falfe wicaefTes and accufers.

Taytfiri Rule of Living H'Jy,

To CHECK. V. a. [from the French
echecs, chefs ; from whence we ufe, at
that game, the term checkmaie, when
we flop our advcrfary from carrying on
his play any farther.]

1. To reprefs ; to curb.

Refcrve thy ftjrte ; v/ith better judgment check
This hideous raflinefi. Sbakejfeare,

Fames may t< fown and raifed, thiy may be
fpread and multiplied, they may be ihecied and laid
dead. . Baan.

I hate when vice can bolt her arguments.
And virtue has no tongue to check her pride. Milton,

He wlio fat at a table, richly and delicioudy
furnifhed, but with a fwotd hanging over bis head
by one Angle thread or hair, furely had enough to
check his appetite. ieuth,

2. To reprove ; to chide.

Richard, with his eye brimful of tears.
Then checked and ratCJ by NnnhufnbcrlanJ,
Did fpeak thefe words, now pruv'd « propbrcy.

^Ljk<fpeare,

His fault IS much, and the gOo4 king his maflcr
Will ««* him for it. Hbai'Jpeare.

Vpi. I.

CHE

3 . To compare a bank note, or other bill,
with the correfpondent paper.

4. To controul by a counter-reckoning.
To Check, i», n.

I . To flop ; to make a flop : with at.

With what wing the ftanyel chicki at it. Sbak.

Hemuft obferve their m.icd on whom he jells,
The quality of the perljns, and the time ;
And, like the haggard, check at every feather
That comes before his eye. Shakeffeare.

The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its
power, either is difabled for the future, or elfc
ci>^c/(i or any vigorous undertaking ever after. i<oi:i(r.
z. To clafti ; to interfere.

If love check with bufincfs, it troubleth men's
fortunes. Bacon.

3. To ilrike with repreflion.

ril avoid his prefence \
It checks too ftrong upon me. Dryder.

Check. ». /. [from the verb.]

1 . Repreffure ; (lop ; rebuff ; (udden re-
llraint.

Rebellion in this land (hall Infe his fway,
Meeting the check of fuch another day. Skakefp.

We fee alfo, that kings that have been fortunate
conquerors in their firil years, mull have fome check
or arreft in their fortunes. BacorCs Effays.

God hath of late years manifefted himlelf in
a very dreadful manner, as if it were on purpofe
to give a check to this infolent Impiety. TilUtJcn.

It was this viceroy's zeal, which gave a remark-
able check to the firA prugrefs of chrillianity.

Addijons Freeholder.

God put it into the heart of one of our princes,
to give a check to that facrilege which had been
but too much winked at. yitterbury.

The great ftruggle with palTions is in the Arft
check. Rogers.

2. Reflraint ; curb; government; conti-
nued reftraint.

They who come to maintain their own breach
of faith, the check of their confciences much
brcaketh their fniric. Hayivard.

The impetuofity of the new officer's nature
needed fome reftraint and check, for fome time,
to his immoderate pretences and appetite of power.

Clarendon.

Some free from rhyme or reafon, rule or check,
Break Prifcian's head, and Pegafus's neck. Pope.

While fuch men are in Jruft, who have no check
from within, not any views but towards their in-
tereft. Swift.

3. A reproof; a flight.

Oh! this life
Is nobler than attending for a check. Shakeffeare.

I do know, the ftatc.
However this may gall him with fome check.
Cannot with fafety caft him. Sbakefpeare.

4. A diflike ; a fudden difguft ; fomething
th-.t Hops the progrefs.

Say I ihould wed her, would not my wife fubjefls
Take check, and think itfttange? perhaps revolt f

Dryden.

5. In falconry, when a hawk forfakes her
proper game to follow rook?, pies, or
other birds that crofs her flight.

Chambers.

A ynung woTian is a hawk upon her wings j

and if (he be handfome, (he is the more fubjcrt to

go out on check. Suckling.

Wheri whillcd from the 6ft
Some falcon ftoops at whjr her eye defign'd.
And with her ea^ernefs, the quarry mila'd,
Straight files at check, and clips it d&wn the wind.

Dryden.

6. The perfon checking ; the caufe of re-
Uraint ; a flop.

He was unhappily too much ufed as a check
upon the lord Coventry. Clarendon.

A faiirlcal poet 18 the check of the laymen on
bad pritilt. Dryd.n't Failes, Preface.,

CHE

7. Any ftop or interruption.

The letters have the natural produflion by fev<r-
ral checks or flops, or, as they are ufually called,
articulations of the breath or voice.

Holder^ s Elements of Speech.

8. The correfpondent cipher of a bank-
bill.

9. A term ufed in the game of chefs, when
one party obliges the other either to
move or guard his king.

10. Cleri of the Check, in the king's
houfehokl, has the check and controul-
ment of the yeomen of the guard, and
all the ulhers belonging to the royal
family.

11. Clerk o/ the CnjiCK, in the king'»
n.ivy at Plymouth, is alfo the name of
an officer invefled with like powers.

Chambers,
To C H e'c K E R. . "iv.a. [from tch:cs, chefs,
?"i) Che'qjjer. j Fr.] To variegate or
diverfify, in the manner of a chefs-
board, with alternate colours, or with,
darker and brighter parts.

The grey-eyed morn fmiles on the frowning night,
Check'ring the eaftern clouds with ftreaks of ligh.t.

Sbakrjpeare,
The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind.
And make a checkered fliadow on the ground.

Sbakcfpcare,
As the fnake, rolled in the ftow'ry bank,
With (hining cbecker'd flough, doth fling a childj
That for the beauty thinks it excellent. Shakeff^
The wealthy fpring yet never bore

That fweet nor dainty flower,
Tiiat damaflc'd not the cbecker'd floor

Of Cynthia's fummer bower. Drayton.

Many a youth and many a maid

Dancing in the cbecker'd ftiade. Milton.

In the chefs-board, the ufe of each chefs-man il

determined only within that chequered piece of

wood. Locke.

In our prcfent condition, which is a middle

ftatc, our minds are, as it were, chequered v'lxh

truth and falfehood. Addifm,

The ocean intermixing with the land, fo is to

checker it ilito earth and water.

JVoodtvard's Natural HiJIoiy,
' Here waving groves a cbecker'd fcenc difplay.
And part admit, and part excluJc the day. Pope.

Che^cker. 7 »•/• Work varied .-il -

C H e'c KER- WORK, j temately as to its
colours or materials.

Nets of cherker-iuork and wreaths of chain-woric
for the chapiters which were upon th_- top of the
pi 11a IS. I Kir.gi.

Che'ckmate. n. f. [echec et mat, Fr.]
The movement on the chefs-board that
, kills the oppofite men, or hinders them
from moving.

Love they him c-.II'd, tbatgave methc checkmate.
But better might they have b'-hat-- him hate. Sfrnf.
Che'ckroll. n.f. [from check and roll.]
A roll or book, containing the names of
fuch as are attendants on, and in pay to,
great pcrfonages, as their houfehold fer-
vants. It is otberwife called the chequer-
roll. Cotuelt.
Not daring to extend this la-w further than M
the king's fervants in ehcckroU, left it fliould have
been too harfli to the gentlemen of the kingdom.
Bacon's Henry VII.

CHEEK. -./: [ceac, Saxon.]

I. The fide )f the face below the eye.

And now and then an ample tear trill'd down
Her delicate cheek. Shakeffeare.

Her btauty hangs upon the check of nithl.
Like » rich jewel in an iEthiop'sear. Seaktffeari%

Q-q I ftaa

C HB

CHE

CHE

1 (hall funrey.tnd fpf
Ceath in thy<-f«4i,jMiilda'kn<:ls in th) cyf. Denne.

Daughter of tlw rofe, whofc cbetki unite
The ilitf'ring.titlci of tlic reJ and white;
Who heav'n's altctnaie beauty well difplay.
The blufli of morning and the milky way. DryJ.

2. A general name among mechanicks tor
almoft all thofe pieces of their machines'
and inftruments that are double, and per-
feftly alike. Chaiiibers.

Che'ekbone.w./. [irom chetk ztA bone."]

1 cut the Uutiuur, and felt the Aug : it iay
partly under the os jugalc, or ibcclbotit, ff^fcmur:.

Che'ektooth. n. /. [from check and
tceik] The hinder-tootn or tuft.

He hath the chetktieth of a great lion. yoc/.

Cheer, n. f. [ckere. Pi. entertainment;

cara, Sp. the countenance. It feems to

have, in Engiilh, fome relation to both

thefe fenfes.]
n. Entertainment-; provtlions ferved at a

feall.

But though my cites be mean, take them in

good part;

Better cbeer you may Lave, but not with better

heart. Sbaltjftarc.

His wiJJ was never determined to any purluit of

good shar, poignant fauces, and delicious wines.

Locke,

z. Invitation to gaiety.

You do not give the ibctr; the feaft is fold
That is not often vouched, while 'tis making,
'Tis given with welcome. Sbakeffiare,

J. Gaiety; jollity.

I have not that alacrity of fpirit,
Nor cbetr of mind, that 1 was wont to have. Sbak-

4. Air of the countenance.

Right faithful true he was in deed and word,
But of his cheer did fcem too folenin fad !
Nothing liid he dread, but ever was ydrad. Spcnfer,
Which piiblick death, receiv'd with fuch a cbeer.
As not a figh, a look, a (hrink bewrays

The leait felt touch of a degenerous fear.
Gave life to envy, to his courage praife. Daniel*

He ended ; and his words their drooping cbeer
Bnlighten'd, and their languifli'd hope reviv'd.

Milton.
At length appear
Her grifly brethren ftrctcli'd upon tlie bier :
Pale ac the fudden fight, (he chang'd her cbeer.

Vryden,

5. Perhaps temper of mind in general ;
for we read of heavy cheer.

Then were they all of good cbetr, and they alfo
: took fome meat. ^Ich.

H't Cheer, -v. a. [from the noun. J

1. To incite ; to e'ncourage ; to infpirit.

He cbmplained that he was berrayed ; yet, for
all that, was nothing difcouraged, but cheered up
the footmen. Knoiles.

He .becr'J the dogs to follow her who fled.
And vow'd revenge on her devoted head.

Dry Jen's Fai/ei.

*. To comfort ; to confole.

I died, ere I could lend thee aid ;
But cbeer thy heart, and be thou not difmay'd.

Sbakefpeare.

Difpleas'd at what,' not fuft'ering, they had fccn.

They went to cbeer the fadlion of the green. Dryii.

3. To gladden.

Hark ! a gbd voice the lonely dcfcrt ebeeri i
Prepare the way ; a god, a god appears ! Pope'i Mijf.

The facrel fun, above the wjters rais'd.
Thro' beavcVs eternal brazen portals blaz'd.
And wide o'er earth dilTus'd his I ^'<mw|; ray. Pofe.

fflC,HEER. v.n. Togrowgayorgladfome.

At fight of thee my gloomy foul chc^rt up ;
My hopes revive, and gl.icinefs dawns within mc.

A. PbiDfi.

Che'erer. n.f. [fromTefi&w.] Gladner;
giver of gaiety.

To tlice alone be praife.
From whom our joy def-'cndi.

Thou cbtcrer of our days. Jfitton.

Angling was, after tedious ftudy, a t«ft to his
mind, a ci«rn- of his fpirits, adivertrrof fadnei's,
a calmer of unquiet thoughts. ffalton's Angler.
Saffron is the fafeft and moft fimple coidial, the
greateft reviver of tlie heart, and cbetrer of the
fpirits. Temple.

Prime ebterer, light.
Of all material beings fitft and beft. 1'bcmf. Summer,
Che'erful. aeij. [from cheer and/u//.]

1. Gay ; full of life ; full of mirth.

'i"he cteerful birds of fundry kind
Do chiiunt fwect rauiick to deliglit his roind.

Fairy Slucen.

2. Having an appearance of gaiety.

A merry heart m.iketh a cheerful countenance;
but by forrow of the heart the fpirit is broken.

Pronjerhi.^

Che'erfullv. eiJv. [from cheerful.']
Without dejedlioa j with willingnefs ;
with gaiety.

Pluck up thy fpirits, look cheerfully upon mc.

Sbakefpeare.

To their known ftations cbcerfuUy they go. Dryti.

Doftrine is that which muft prepare men for dif-

cipline ; and men never go on lb cheerfully, a^

when they lee where they go. South.

May the man.
That cheerfully recounts the female's praife,
Find equal love, and love's untainted fwects
Enjoy with honour. Philips.

Che'erfulness. n.f. [from chearfn/.J

1. Freedom fiom dejeftion ; alacrity.

Barbarofla, ufing th's exceeding cheerfultiefs and
forwardi'.efs of his fold icrs, weighed up the fourteen
gallics he had funk. Ktwilei's Hi/lory of the Turks.

With what refnlution and cheerfulncfi, with what
courage and patience, did vaft numbers of all forts
of people, in the firft-aget of chriftianity, encounter
all the rage and malice of the world, and embrace
torments and death ! Tillotfcn.

2, Freedom from gloominefs.

I marvelled to fee hSr receive my commandments
with fighs, and yet do them with cheer fulnrjs. Sidn.

Ch e'er LESS. fl<^'. \_homcheer.] Without
gaiety, comfort, or gladnefs.

For fince mine eye your joyous fight did mifs,
Mychcerful day isturn'dtoficfr/t/might. Kij<^i^
On a bank, befide a willow,
Heav'n her cov'ring, earth her pillow,
Sad Amynta figh'd alonr^,
From the cteerlcfs dawn of morning
Till the dews of night returning. Dryden.

Ch e'er BY. aiij. [from cheer."]

1. Gay ; cheerful.

They are ufeful to mankind, in affording them
convenient fituations of houfcs and villages, rc-
flefling the benign and cheriihing fun-beams, and
fo rendering the.r habitations both more comfort-
able and more cbeirly in winter. Ray on the Creation,

2, Not gloomy; notdejefted.

C H e'e R L Y. acb). [from cheer.] Cheerfully.

Under heavy arms the youth of Rome
The'HT long laborious marches overcome j
Cbeerly their tedious travels undergo. Dryd. Virgil.

In God's name, cbeerly on, courageous friends,
To reap the harveft of perpetual peace.
By this one bloody trial of fliarp war. Sbakefpeare.

Oft liftening how the hounds and horn
Cbeerly roufc the (lumb'ring morn. Milton.

Che'erv. ai^j. [from cheer.] Gay;
fprightly ; having the power to make
gay ; a ludicrous word.

Come, let us hie, and quaff a cheery bowl J
Let cyder new wafli forrow from thy (bu'.

Ci:y'i Pajlorals.

CHEESE, n.f. [cafeiis, Lat. cyj-tf , Saxon]

A kind of food made by prcffing the

curd of coagulated milk, and laffering

tlic mali to dry.

I will rather truft a Fleming wirti my bnttar,
the Wclfliman with my cbuje, th.m to wife with
heifclf. Sbakefpeare,

Che'esecake.b./ [from chcefes.ni.cake.]
A cake made of foft curds, fugar, and
butter.

Effeminate he fat, and quiet ;
Strange produce of a chefecake diet. Pr\7r,

Where many a man, at variance wi h his wife.
With lofc'ning mead and cbeefecake ends the ftiift.

Che esemoncer. n. f. [from cheefe and
• monger.] One who deals in cheefe.

A true owl of London,
That gives ou' he 's undone.
Being a chiefmonger,
By trufting. Ben Jonftn,

Ch e'es £p R ESS. »./ [from f/S-c^/J and/r;/}.]
The prel's in which the curds are preffed*

The cleanly cbccfeprifs flie could never turn,
Her aukward fiit did ne'er employ the churn.

Gay't Pafioreht

Che'esevat. n.f. [from cheefe and vat.]
The wooden cafe in which the curds are
confined when they are preffed into
cheefe.

His fenfc occafions the careleQ ruftic to judge
the fun no bigger than a chccffvat. Glanville,

Che'esv. adj. [from cheefe.] Having the
nature or form of cheefe.

Acids m:xcd with them precipitate atophaceoHt
chalky matter, but not a cbeefy fubftahce.

jlriutbmt on Alimentt,

Che'ly.^./ [chela, Lit.] The claw of
a fliell fifh.

It happencth often, I confefs, that a lobfter hath
the chely, or great claw, of one fide longer than the
other. Brown.

Che'mistry. See Chymistry.

Che'quer. See Checker.

To CHE'RISH. -v. a. [che,-ir, Fr.] To
fupport and forward with encourage-
ment, help, and protection j to flielter ;
to nurfe up.

Whenever Buckingham doth turn his hate
Upon your grace, and not with duteous love
Doth cberifo you and your?, God punifh me
With hate in th..fc where I cxpefl moH love. Sbak,

1 wjuld I were thy bird.
————— Sweet, fo would I ;
But I (hould kill thee with too much cberi/hing.

Sbakefpeare,

What doth ebcrifh weeds but gentle air ? Sbakefp.

Magiftrates have always thought thcmfelves

concerned to cberi/h religion, and t;> maintain in

the minds of men the belief of a God and another

'''«• THhtfon,

But old god Saturn, which doth all devour.
Doth cberijh her, and Ibll augments her might.

David,
He that knowingly commits an ill, has the up-
braidings of his own conference ; thofe who aQ by
enour, have its ckcri/hings and encouragements to
animate them. Decay of Piety.

Che'risher. n.f. [from cherifh.] An
encourager ; a fupporter.

One of their greatcft praifcs it is to be the
maintaii.r re and cbcripen of a regular devotion,
a reverend worfliip, a true and decent piety. Sfratt.

C H e'r I s H M E N T. n.f. [from chcrifj.] En-
couragement J fupport ; comfort. It is
now obiblete.

The one lives her age's ornament,
That with rich b >unty, and dear cheripmcnt,
Supports tlic praife of noble, pocfie.

Spt-rfer^i Tears of Mufes.
CHE'RRY. 7 „./ [cerfe, Fr.cerafs.

Cm b-RR y-tree. 3 Lac]

The fpreies are, i. The ommon rcl or garden
cherry, i. Large S;iani(h cherry. 3. The red heart
cherry. 4. The white heart therry, 5. The bleed-
ing

C H E

ia; heart cherry. 6. The black heart chi!rr>'.
7. The May cherry. 8. The bbck cherry, or ma-
lard. 9. The Ji-chdake ciierry. 10. The yellow
Spani/h cherry. I r. The Flanders clufter cherry.
12. The carnation cjicrry. f}. The large black
cherry. 14. The bird cherry. 15. The led bird
or Cornilh cherry. 6. The Urgelt double flower-
ed cherry. 17. "l he double (lowered cherry.
iS. The common wild cherry. 19. The wild
northern Englilh cherry, with lite ripe fruit.
;o. The (hock or perfumed chcny. zi. The
cherrytree with ftriped leaves. And many other
forts of cherries ; as the amber cherry, lukeward,
corane, Galcoigne, and the morello, which is
chiefly planted for preferving.

This fruit was brought out of Pontus at the
time of the Mithridatic viftory by Lucullus, in
the year of Rome 680 ; and was broughtinto Bri-
tain about I20 years afterwards, which was Aim.
Dm. 55 ; and was foon after fpread through mofl
^rts of Europe. Mi!/tr.

Some alk but a pin, a nut, a cbtriy ftone ; but
ihc, raoie ciivetous, would have a chain. Slukefj}.

July I would have drawn in a jacket of li^ht-
jellcw, eating churifs, with his face and bolbm
fttn-burnt. Peacham,

A little fpark of lift, which, in its fird appear-
ance, might be indofed in the hoUow of a cherry
ftons. Hale,

Che'rrv. aaj. [from the fubftandve.]
Refembiing a cherry in colour.
Shore's wife hat!) a pietty foot,
A cherry li;), a faffing pleafing tongue. Sbakeff.

CHE'RR.v-EAr. See Laurel.
CHE'RRy cHtEKED. aJJ. [{tom cherry ax\i
chetk.'] Having ruddy checks.

I warrant them cberrycLekd country girls.

Ciii^eve,

Che'rrypit. «./. [from cherry zni pit.']
A child's play, in which they throw
cherry ftones into a fmall hole.

What, man ! 'tis not for gravity to play at cber-
rxp'tf. Shiiii'f^are.

Chersone'se. n. /. [j/f^(Toniiro«.] A pe-
ninfula ; a traft of land almoll Curround-
ed by the fea, but joined to the conti-
nent by a narrow neck or illhiaus.

Chert, n. /. [(tova quartz,. Germ.] A,
kind of flinr.

Flint is nioft commonly found in form of no-
dules ; but ''tis fomctimcs found in thin (Iratae,
when 'ti? called cbtri. Jf't'od'uiard.

CHt'RUB. n. /. [ai3 //«r. a>nD It is
fometimes written in the plural, im-
properly, cherubims.] A celellial fpi-
rit, which, in the hierarchy, is placed
rext in order to the feraphim. All the
fevcral defcriptions which the Scripture
gives us of cherub, n, differ from one
another ; as they are dcfcribcd in the
fbapes of men, eagles, oxen, lions, and
in a compoiition of all thefe figures put
together. Tiic hieroglyphical reprefen-
tations in the embroidery upon the cur-
tains of the Tabernacle, were called
by Mofes, Exnd. xxvL I. cherubim of
cunning work. Calmet.

'I he roof o' th' chamber
With gold eherttlimi h ftetted. Sbakeffeare.

Hcav'n's cberubirit hors'd
Upon the fi^htWfs couriers of the air.
Shall blow the horrid deed in ev'ry eye.
That tears (hall drown the wind. Shaifffeart.

Some cberub finilhes what yon begun.
And to a miracle improves a tunc. Prior.

Cheru'bick. aJj, [ijom che>ub.'\ Atige-
lick ; relating to the cherubim. ..

Thy words
Attentive, and with more delighted ear,
Pivioe iDSuv&sa ! l.iiitve bsaxdj ihaa whca

CHE

Cheruikk fongs by night from neighb'ring hills
Aerial muliclc fend. Miftoii's Paradife hnjl.

And on the eaft (ido of the garden place
ChtruhUk watch. MihtrCi Paradife Loft,

Ch e'r u B I N.ar//. [from f/^^nr^.] Angelical.

'I'his f-il whore of thine
Hath in her more deftrudtion than thy fword.
For all her eberubin look. Shakeffeare.

Che'rvil. »./ \_chesrophjnum,luZl.\ An
umbelliferous plant. Miller.

To Che'rup. "u. 71. [from cheer ; perhaps
from cheer up, corrupted to chenip.] To
chirp ; to ufe a cheerful voice.

The birds
Frame to thy fong their cheerful cheruplng ;
Or hold their peace for fhame of thy fweet lays.

Sfenfer.

Che'slip. »./ A fmall vermin, that lies
under ftones or tiles. Skinner.

CHESS, n. f. [echecs, Fr.] A nice and
abftrufe game, in which two fets of men
are moved in oppofition to each other.

This game tlie Pe.lian magi did invent,
The force of Eaftern wifdom to exprcfs J

From thence to bufy Europeans fent.
And ftyl'd by modem Lombards penfive chtfs.

Dcrtbam.
So have I feen a king on cbefs

(His rooks and knights withdrawn,

His queen and bilhips in diftrel's)

Shifting about, grow Icfs and lefs.

With here and there a pawn. Dryden.

Che'ss-apple. n. f. A fpecies of Wild

Service. '

Che'ss-board. n f. [from chtfs and

board.] The board or table on which the

game of chefs is played.

And cards arc dealt, and iheji-boardi brought,
To cafe the paiu of coward tlmugbt. Prwr.

Che'ss-man. n.f. [from chej'i and maii.]
A puppet for chefs.

A company of cbrji-men ft.inding on the fame
fquares of the chefs-board where we left them,
we fay they arc all in the fame place, or un-
moved. Locke.

Che'ss-playhr. n.f. [from che/s and
player.] A gamefter at chefs.

'I'hus, like a Ikilful cleji-playcr, he draws out
hia men, and makes his pawns of ufe to his
greitor petfons. Dryjen.

Che'ssom. ». /. Mellow earth.

The tender ch:Jlim and mellow earth is the bcft,
being mere mould, between the two extremes of
clay and fand j efpecially if it be not loomy and
binding. Bacon^s Natural Uijiory.

CHEST, n.f. [cyp, Sax. cijhi, Lat.]

1. A box of wood, or other materials, in
which things are laid up.

He will feek there, on my word : neither prcfs,
chi-JI, trunk, well, vault, but he hath an abftradt
for the remembrance of fuc!i places. Shakeffeare.

But more have been by avarice oppreft.
And heaps of money crouded in the chrft. Dryden.

2. A Chest of Drawers. A cafe with
moveable boxes or drawers.

3. The trunk of the body, or cavity from
the Ihoulders to the belly.

Such ai have round faces, or broad cbejls, or
JhouUers, have feldom or never long necks.

Brcivn.
He dcfcribes another by the largencfc of his
cbcjf, and breadth of his (Iiouldcrt.

Pope's Notes on the Jliad,

To Chest, v, a, \Jtom the noun.] »To
repofitc in a chert ; to hoard.

Chest-foundering, ti.f. A difeafe in
horfes. It comes near to a pleurify, or
pcripneumony, in a human body.

farrier' J DiHioiiary.

C ET E'

Che'sted. eiJj. [from chejQ.] Havin? a
chell; as, broad-chefted, narrow-cheft-
ed.

Che'ster. See Castor.

Che'stnut. I n.f. [ch'a^ai£ne,Ft.

Che'stnut-tree. 5 cajfaiiea, La.^.]

1 . The tree hath katkins, which are placed,
at remote diftances from the fruit, on
the fame tree. The outer coat of the-
fruit is very rough, and has two or three,
nuts included in each hulk or covering.
This tree was formerly in greater plen-
ty, as may be proved by the old build-
ings in London, which were, for the
moft part, of this timber ; which is equal
in value to the beft oak, and, for many

, purpofes, far exceeds it ; particularly for
making veffels for liquors ; it having a
property, when once thoroughly fcafon-
ea, to maintain its bulk conftantly, and
is not fubjcft to ihrink or fwcll, like
other timber. Miller.

2. The fruit of the cheftnut tree.

A woman's tongue,
That gives not half fo great a blow to th' car,
As will a chcfiK:it in a farmer's ftre. Shaktfpcziv.-
Oclober has a bnlkct of fervices, medlars, anj^
cheflrMts, and fruits that ripen at the latter time.
Peacham ov Draiv'iti^.

3. The name of a brown colour.

His hair is of a good colour.
An excellent colour : your cbf^nut was ever-
the only colour. SbaUfl ar:,.

Mcrab's long hair was glofTy cbcjtnut brown.

Che'ston. «. /. A fpecies of plum.

CHEFJLTER.n.f [che-valier, Vx.] A.
knight ; a gallant ftrong man.

Rc.iowr.ed Talbot doth expeft my aid ;
And I am lowted by a traitor villain.
And cannot help the noble chevalier. Shakcfpectrc*-

CHRVAUX de Frife. n. f. [Er. The fin-
gular Cheval de Frife is fcldom ufed ]
The Friefland horfe, which is a piece cf
timber, larger or fmaller, and traveri'ed
with wooden fpikes, pointed with iron,
five or fix feet long ; ul'ed in defending
a paiTage, flopping a breach, or making
a retrenchment to llop th- cavalry. It
is alfo called a turnpike, or tourniquet.

Chiimben,.

Che'ven. n.f. [che'vefne, Fr.] A river
fi(h, the fame wi:h chub.

Che'veril. n.f. J^chcvenau, Fr.] Akid;;
kidleather. Obfolete.

A fentence is but a cbcveril plove to a good wit s-
how quickly the wrong fide may be turned out-
ward. Shakefpiarf-

Which g'fts the capacity
Of your foft cbeveril confciencc would receive,
If you might plcafe to ftrctch it. Shakifpeare,

O, here 's a wit nfchcicril, that ftretches from
an inch narrow tn an eil broid. Shahefprarc,

CUE'FISJNCE. n. f [cheiufavce, Fr.]
Enterprife ; achievement, A v/ord now
not in ufe.

Fortune, the foe of famous chcv'fance.
Seldom, faid Guyon, yields to virtue aid,. Spcnfer*

CHE'FRON. n.f [French.] One of the
honourable ordinaries in heraldry. It
reprefents two rafters of a houfe, fet up •
as they ought to ftand. Harris.

To CHEW. m. a. [ctfcjiji'an, SftX. kauivent,
Dutch. It is very frequently pronounced
chaiv, and perhaps properly.]

CHI'

1. To grind with the teeth ; to malticate.

> iriiiite tiuica, proceeding on dilleinper>

Shall not be winK'd at, bow {htU we ftretch our

When ca|>ic>l ctlmei, eUto'J, fwallow'd, and i\-

\ gefted,
Appear before us ? Sbalijfiart.

l>Ae!n| through the forell,
Ctrtumjth!: ibod of fweetand bitter fmcy. Slal.

Thii pioui ch«t, that never fuck'd the blood,
Nor (bnu'd the flefli, of lambs. Dtydais fthhi.

The \ile»
Defcending gently, where the lowing herd
Ctens verd'rous pallura. PMijii.

By cieving, folid aliment is divided into fmall
parts : in a human body, there is no other inftru-
rr.cnt to perform this action but tlte teeth. By
the aftion of ctnuing, tlie fpitiic and mucus are
(bueeaed from the gUnds, and mlxnJ with the ali-
ment ; which ailion, if it be long continued, will
turn the aliment into a fort of ciiyle.

Aihuttmi on Ainncnti.

2. To meditate ; or ruminate in the
thoughts.

While the fierce monk does at hit trial ftaad,
He cliw revenge, abjuring his offence :

Guile in his tongue, and murder in his hand.
He ftabs his judge, to prove his innocencr. Prior,

J. To tafte withoft fwallowlng.

Heaven 's in my mouth,
As if I did but cbivi its namt. Sljk.ffrari.

Some bojks are to be talK'd, others to be fw.il-
lowed, and fome few to be (heaved and cigcftcd ;
that is, fome books are to be read only in parts ;
others to be read, but not curioufly; ai;J fome
few to be read wholly, with attention. Bacon.

To Chew. i/. n. To champ upon; to
ruminate.

I will with patience hear, and find a time ;
Till then, my noble friend, cUtv upon this. Shah

Inculcate the doftrinc of difobeJience, anJ then
ieavc the multitude to cbc^ upon 't. J^^EJirange,

Old politicians tbew on wifdom palt.
And blunder on in bufmefs to the lall. Fife.

CHICA'NE. «./. [chicane, Fr. derived
by Menage from the Spanilh word cbico,
little.]
1. The art of protrafling a conteft by
petty objeftion and artifice.

Tlie general part of the civil law concerns not
the chUint of private cafes, but the affiirs and
intercourfe of civilized nations, grounded upon the
principles of rcafon. Lockt.

His attornies have hardly one trick left j they
arc at an end of all their chkani,

Arhuthtict'i Hillary of J'.hn Bull.

a. Artifice in general. This fenfe is only
in familiar language.

Unwilling then in ams to meet.
He ftrove to lengthen fti campaign.
And fave his forces by chicane. Prior,

5ff Chica'ke. -v.n. [chicaner, 'Ft,'\ To
prolong a conteft by tricks.

Cmica'ner. ».y; [chicaneur,VT.'\ A pet-
ty fophifter ; a trifling difputant ; a
wrangler.

This is the way to diftinguifh the two mod
4ifi':rent things I know, a logical chicaner from, a
man of rcafon. Lo<ke,

Chica'nery. Tt.f. [chicanerie, Fr.] So-
phiftry ; mean arts of wrangle.

His anger caufed him to deftroy the greateft
part of thefe reports ; and only to preferve fuch as
difcoTcred molt of the chicanery and futlity of the
praQice. jlrlutbmt,

Chiches. n./. See Chickpeas.

Chi'chling Vetch, h. /, [lathyrus,
Lat.] In Germany they are cultivated,
and eaten as pe«s, though neither fo
tender nor well wfted. Miller.

C II I

7 n. J. [acen, Sax. tiecitn,
«:. J Dutch. CAici^» is, I believe.

CHICK.

CHl'cKtK ,

the old plural of chid, though now ufed
as a ftngular noun.]
I . The young of a bird, particularly of a
hen, or fmall bird.

All my pretty onet I
Wiiat, all my pretty ibkkeni, and their dam,
At one fell fwoop ! Sbakeff>iare.

For when the ihell is broke, out comes a chick.

David.
While it is a chicly and hath no fpurs, nor can-
not hurt, nor hath fceit die motion, yet he readily
praQifetli it. Unit.

Even lince (he was a fe'cn-night old, they fay.
Was cha.le and humble to her dying day ;
Nor chick, nor iien, was known to difobey.

Drydcn^s Pahla.
Having the notion that one hid the egg out
of which the other was hatched, I have a clear
idea of the relation of dam and chick. Locke.

On rainy days alone X dine,
Upjn a click and pint of wine ;
On rainy days 1 dine alone.
And pick my chicken to the bone. Stvi/t.
1. A wordof tcindemefs.

My Ariel, chiik.
This is thy charge. Sbakejfeare.

3. A term for a young girl.

Then, ChUc, ftill go on to prate
Of thirty-fix and thirty-eight ;
Purfue your trac?c of fcandal-picking,
Yjur hints, that Stella is no chicken. Sivift.

Chi'ckenhearted. acij. [fiom chicien
and heart.] Cowardly ; timorous ; fear-
ful.

Now we fet up for tilting in the pit,
Where 'tis agreed by bullies, cbickenhtartcd,
To fright the ladies firft, and then be parted.

Prologue to Upaitijh Fryar.

Chi'ckenpox. n. f. An exanthematous

diftemper, fo called from its being of

no very great danger.
Chi'ckling. n:f, £from chick,] A fmall

chicken.
Chi'ckpeas. n. f. [from f^/Vi and pea.]

A kind of degenerate pea. Miller.

Ch i'ckweed. n.f. [from chick andowwi/.]

The name of a plant.
Green mint, or cbickivred, are of good ufe in

all the hard fweliings of the breaft, occafioned by

milk. fViJeman.

To CHIDE. V. a. preter. chid or chode,
part. chiJ or chidden, [ciban. Sax.]

1. To reprove ; to check ; to correft with
words : applied to perfons.

Chide him for faults, and do it reverently.
When you pcv.-elve his blood indin'd to mirth.

Shaktjficare.
And fly like chidden Mercury from Jove. Shak.
Thofe, that do teach your babe«,
Do it with gentle means, and eafy talks ;
He might hsve chid me fo : for, in good faith,
I am a child to chiding. Sbakeffeare.

Scylla wept.
And riiii her barking waves into attention. Milton.

Above the waves as Neptune (hew'd his face,
To chide the winds, and fave the Trojan race.

JValler.
You look, as if yon ftern philofopher
Had juft now chid you. jiddlfcn.

If any woman of better falhion in the parifli
happened to be abfent from church, they were
fure of a vifit from him, to chide and to dine with
her. _ Sti/ift.

2. To drive with reproof.

Margaret my queen, and ClifTord too,
Have chid me from the battle. Shakrffrare,

3. To blame J W reproach : applied to
things.

CHI

Winds murmut'd through the leavu your long
delay.
And founulns, o'er the pebbles, ebid your Bay.

DrydtK.
I ehidlht folly of my thoughtlefs haflej
For, the work perfected, the joy was paft. Prior.

To Chide. 1/. n.

1. To clamour ; to fcold.

What had he to do to chidi at me ? Shakefpeare,

Next m -rn, betimes, the bride was miffing ;
The mother fcream'd, the father chid.
Where can this idle wench be hid ? Swift,

2. To quarrel with.

The bvfinefs of the (late does him offence.
And he does chide with you. Sbakeffearet

3. To make a noife.

My doty.
As does a rock againA the chiding flood.
Should the approach of this wild river break.
And {land unthaken yours. iihakijfeare,

Chi'der. n. f. [from chide.] A rebukcr;
a reprover.

Not her that chides. Sir, at any hand, I pray.>~
I love no chiders. Sir. Sbakejftafef

CHIEF, adj. [chef, the head, Fr.]

1. Principal ; moll eminent ; above the
reft i n any refped.

Thefe were the chief of the officers that were
over Solomon's works. i Kingt.

The hand of the princes and rulers hath been
chief in this trefpafs. Exra»

Your country, chief in arms, abroad defend ;
At home, with morals, arts, and laws amend.

Pope,

2. Eminent; extraordinary. y

Afroward man foweth ftrife, and a whifperer
fcparateth ciii/" friends. Proverbs.

3. Capital ; of the firft order ; that to
which other parts are inferior, or fub-
ordinate.

I came to have a good general view of the
apoftle's main purpde in writing the epiftle, and
the chief branches of his difcourfe wherein he
profrcuted it. Ijocke*

4. It is ufed by fome writers with a fuper-
lative termination ; but, I think, im-
propcrW : the comparative chiefer is
never found*

We befeech you, bend you to remain
Here in the cheer and comfort of our eye.
Our chiefefi courtier, coufin, and our fon. Shak.
Doeg an Edomite, the cbiefrfi of the herdmen.

I Samuel.

He fometimes denied admiflion to the cbiefejl

officers of the army. Clarendon,

Chief, n.f. [from the adjeftive.]

1. A military commander ; a leader df
armies ; a captain.

Is pain to them
Lefs pain, lefs to be fled ? or thou than they
Lcfs hardy to endure ? courageous chief!
The firft in flight from pain. Milton's Par. Lofl.

After or before were never known
Such chiefs; aseachan army fccm'd alone. Dryi.

A wit 's a feather, and a chief a rod ;
An honed man 's the oob'.eft work of God. Po{(.

A prudent chief not always muft difplay
His pow'rs in equal ranks, and fair array ;
But with th' occafion and the place comply.
Conceal his force, nay feem fometimes to fly. Pofe.

2. In Chief, in law. In capite, by per-
fon.il fervice.

All fums dcmaftdable, either for licence of alie.
nation to be made of lands ho'iden in chief, or for
the pardon of any fuch alienation already made
without licence, have been flayed in the way to the
hanaper. Bacon.

I (hall be proud to hold my dcpendance on you
in chief, as 1 do part of my fmall foitune in Wilt-
fllite. Dryden.

3-I»

C H I

C H P

C H I

3. Ib Sfenfer it feenjs to fignify fomewljat
like achievement ; a marfc of diftinftion.

Wiicre be the nof'-gjys that flie dight for thee r
The coloured chipJcti wrought with a chiij\
The fcnottilh ruii-rings, and gilt rofemary ?

Sfinftr.

4. In heraldry.

The ibief is fo called o( the Ftvncli word fit/",
the head or upper part : tb'3 poifefTes the upper
third part of rhcefcutcheon. Piach::ii:onDraio]ng.

Chi'efdom. n.f. [from c/^/V/".] Sove-
reignty. Not in ufc.

Zephyrus being in love with Chloris, and covet-
ing htt to wife, gave her tor a dowry the Mtfd:m
• and foTtreignty of all flowers and green herb?.

Sf!r.ftri Kul. Glojf.

Chi'epless. a(^". [from chief.'] Wanting
a bead { being without a leader.

And chitjlfji armies dr»z'd out the campaign.
And navies ^awn'd for orders on the main. P:pc.

C H I'e F L y . adv. [from chief. ] Principal-
ly ; eminently; more than common.

Any man who will conCder the nature of an
q:ic poem, what adioos it defcribes, and what
perfons they are eb'ujly whom it informs, will find
it a work full of diificulty. Dryden.

Thofc parrs of the lAngdom, where the number
and eftates o{ the dlifentcrs rkiefiy lay. S-wift.

Chi'efrie. n.f. [from chief] A fmall
rent paid to the lord paramount.

They fliall be well able to live upon thofe lands,

to yield her majefty reafon^bJe ckie/rii, and alfo

givea compeccot maintenance unto the garrifons.

Spenjcr^i Inland.

Would the referved rent at this day be any
more than a fraall ckiefrie ? Siv'ift.

Chi'eftain. »./. [frooif;^/^, »./ cap-
tain.]
I. A leader; a commander.

That forc'd their ibiftam, for his (afety's fake,
(Their ctlfijin Humb«r named was aright)
l/'nto the mighty ftream him to betake,
Wlicre ht an end of ba:tle and of life did make.

Fairy Siutct.

s. The head of a clan.

It broke, and abfolutrly fubdued all the lords
and chiifuiasof tht Irifliry. Dav.nm Ireland.
Chie'vance. n.f. [probably froiaache'V'
amt, Fr. purchafe.] Traffick, in which
money is extorted j as difcount. Now
obfolcte.

Theie were good laws againlt ufury, the baftard
ufe of mimey ; and againft unlawful clin'ara:
and exchanges, which is baftard ufur\. Bacn.

C H i'l B I- A I N . ». /. [from chill, cold, and
blain ; fo that TemfU fecms mitUkcn in
his etymology, or has written it wrong
to ferve a purpofe.] Sores made by froft.

I remembered the cute of ct'tM/uint when I
was a boy (which may be called the children's
gout), by burning at tlic fire. Tmf/i.

CHILD, n.f. in the plural CHiLDaEN.

[cilb. Sax.]
I . An infant, or very young perfon.

In a|e, to wifli for youtii la full as vain,
As for a youth to turn a cli!d again. Dirtam.

We Ibould no more be k|ndcr to one child than
to another, than we are tender of one eye more
than of th- other. \VEprangi.

_ The young lad muft not be ventured abroad al
tight or ten, for fear of what may happtn to the
tender child; though he then runs ten times leu
rifqae than at fixceen. hocU.

The firoke of death is nothing : children endure
It, and the gTareft cowards lind irnopain. H'aht.

z. One in the line of filiation, oppofed to
the parent.

Where children have been expofed, or tnlcrn
away young, and afterwaids have approached to
their pvcau ptelcoce, the paieAtSi thovgh they

have not known them, have had a fetret Jo>', or
other alteiation, thereupon. Bacon's Nat. liijhry,

I fliall fee
The winged vengeance overtake fuch children.

SbateJ'feart.
So unexhaufted her perfeflions were,
That for more children fhe had more to C^irt^ryd.

He, in a fruitful wife's embraces »^Id,
A long increafe of children's children told, j^ddij.

3. The defcendants of a man, how remote
foever, are called children ; as tht child-
ren of Edom, the children of Ifrael.

4. In the language of fcripture.

Or.e weak in kiwwledge. Laiab» iCarmtl.

Such as are young in grace. i Jobi:.

Such as are humble and docile. Alattbe^v.

The children of light, the children of darknefs \
who follow light, who remain in darkneis.

The elcci, theblelfeJ, are alfo called the ihildren
of God.

ftow is he numbered among the clildrer. of God,
and his lot is among the faints ! - Jfi[dom.

In the New Teftament, believers are commonly
called children of Ood.

Ye are all the children of Goi, by faith in Jefus
Chrift. Gal. iii. 26. Culinel.

5. A girl child. Not in ufe.

Mercy on '5 ! a bcarne, a very pretty warne !
A boy, or child, I wonder ? Sbakefpeare.

6. Any thing the produft or effed of an-
other.

Macduff", this noble paHton,
Child of integrity, hath from my foul
Wip'd the bl.'.ck fcruples. S baiifpeare.

7. Ta ie ivitk Child. To be pregnant.

If it mui^ftand Itill, let wives with child
Pray that their burthen may not fall thi; day,
Left that their hopes prodigioufly be croft, iihjk.

Ti) Child, -v. n. [from the noun.] To
bring children.

The fpring, the fummer,
The cbilding autumn, angry winter, change
Their wonted liveries. Shakiffeare.

As to ciildinfr women, young vigorous people,
after irregularities of diet, in fuch it begins with
hamorrhnges. / Arbuiinnt.

Chi'ldbfarinc. participial fuhfanti've.
[from child and bear.] The aCt of bear-
ing children.

To thee
Pains only in cbildteatingvitxt foretold.
And, bringing forth, fooa tecompens'd with joy,
Fruit of thy womb. Milim's Paradifc Loft.

The timorous and irrefolute Sylvia has dem jrr-
ed till file is paft childtrarir^. Addifon,

Chi'lobed. n.f. [from child dnd led.]
The ftate of a woman bringing a child,
or being in labour.

The funerals of prince Arthur, and of queen
Elizabeth, who died in childbed ia the Tower.

BiHon.
Pure, as when warti'd from fpntofchildied rtain.
Parariife Regained,
Yet thefe, tho' poor, the pain of cbiUbf/hcir.

Dryden.

Let no one be aftually married, till /he hath the

childbed pillows, Speflator.

Women in childbed are in the cafe of perfons

wounded. ylrbulhnot on Diet.

Chi'ldbirth. n.f. [from child ^nA

iirti.J Travail ; labour ; the time of

bringing forth; the ad of bringing

forth.

The mother of Pyrocles, after her eiildiirih,
died. Sidney

A kernel void of any tafte, but not fo of virtue,
efpccially for women travailing in cbildhirih.

, Carevj't Survey.
In the wh-ile fex of women, Ood hath decreed
the Iharptlt pains of cbildhirih ; to fliew, that
thc;« is no fttcccxempc from forrow.

Taylor't Holy L'lving.

He to his wife, before the time aflign'd
For childbirth came, thus bluntly fpokchis mini.

Dryden>

Chi'lded. adj. [fTOm child.] Furnilhed
' with a child.

How light and'-portable my pain feems now.
When that which makes me bend, makes the king
bow ;

He ctilded as 1 fathcr'd. Shatefpeare,

Chi'ldermas day. [from dbild and
mcfs.] The day of the week, through-
out the year, anfwering to the day on
which the feaft of the Holy Innocents i«
folemnized, which weak and fuperfti-
tious perfons think an unlucky day.

To talk of hares, or fuch uncouth things, proves
as cminous to the filherman, as the beginning of a
voyage on the day when cbilderir.a: day fell, dotk
to the mariner. Cartiv.^

Chi'ldhood. «._/; \_[rom ciild ; cilbhab.
Sax,]

1. The ftate of children; or, the time la
which we are children : it includes • in-
fancy, but is continued to puberty.

Now I haveftain'd the cbildbtxd of our joy
With blood, remov'd but little from our own.

Sbakcfpeare,
The fons of lords and gentlemen Ihould be
trained up in learning from their childhoods.

Spcnfer on Ireland,
Seldom have I ceas'd to eye
Thy infancy, thy childhood, and thy youth. Milton,
Tlic fame authority that the a£lions of a man
have with us in our childhood, the fame, in every
period of life, has the praflice of all whom wc re-
gard as our fuperiours. Rogers^

2. The time of life between infancy and
puberty.

Infancy and cbildhoed demand thin, copious,
nourilhing aliment. jirhutbnot on AimenlSm

3. The properties of a child.

Their love in early infancy began,
And role as childhood ripen'd into man. Drydttu '
Chi'ldish. adj. \ixovA child.]

1, Having the qualities of a child; tri-
fling j ignorant ; limple.

Learning hath its infancy, when it Is but be-
ginning and almoU childijh ; then its youth, when
it is luxuriant and juvenile. Bacon's EJJ'ays.

2. Becoming only children ; trifling ; pu-
erile.

Mufidorus being elder by three or four years«
there was taken away the occafion of cbildifl) con-
tentions. Sidny.

The lion's whelps flic faw how he did bear.
And lull in rugged arms withouten cbild'i/h fear.

Spenfer*

When I was yet a child, no childifh play
To me was pleafing ; all my mind vras let
Serious to learn and know. Parddtfi Regained^

Tho fathers looked on the worfliip of images 94
the molt filly and cbildifl} thing in the world.

Siillntgflett.

One that hath newly Icaru'd to fpcak and go
Loves childiflj plays. Rofcommoiit

They have fpoiled the walls with ebildifb fen-
tenccs, that confilt often in a jingle of words.

Addif<n on Italy.

By converfation the ebi/dijb humours of their
younger days might be worn out.

Abuthnol's Uiftory of John Bull,

Chi'ldishlv. adv. \iiom childip.] In a
childilh trifling way ; like a child.

Together with his fame their infamy wss
fpread, who had fo raflily and childiflAy cjefteJ
him. Hsoker.

Some men are ef excellent judgment in their
own profeflions, but cbildijhly unlkilful in any
thing befides. Hayward.

Chi'ldishness. n.f [from childi/^.]
I. Puerility J triflingueis.

T)k

C H I

The aflionj of ckiUiJhieJs, and tinfalKionablc
carrUge, time and age will of itl'elf be fute to re-
form. Lr}ekt.

Nothing !n the world could give a truer idea of
•the fuperftition, credulity, and MIdiJhtiifi of the
Roman catholick religioo. jiddi/mtnlta/y.

2. Harmlefihefs.

Speak thoui boy ;
Perhaps thy Mdi/hmfi will move him more
Than can our reafoos. Sbaktffeare.

Cm'tDLZis, aJ;, [from chilt/.] Without
children ; without offspring.

As thy fword hath made women ehUdlefs, fo
ihtU thy mother be cbilJIefi among women.

I Samuel.
A man /hall fee the nobleft works and founda-
tjors have proceeded from childleft men; which
have fought to exprcfs the images of their minds,
where thofe of their bodies have failed: fo the
care of pofterity is moft in them that have no pof-
tcrity. Baccn'i Effays,

Childleft Aov art, etUdJrfs nmain : fo death

Shall be deccivM his glut. MUtcnsParadtfc LoB,

She can give the reafon why one died childUji.

Sfclialor.

Chi'i.dlike. aJj, \Jtom cbiU !caci like.'\
Becoming or beieening a child.

Who cau owe no lefs dun diliUikc obedience to
het that hath more than motherly care. Biiker.

1 thought the remnant of mine age
Should have been cbctllh'd by her childliti duty.

Sbaiejjieare,

Chi'liad. n.f. [from x*'^**?-] A thou-
fand ; a coUcdUon or fum containing a
thoufand.

We make cycles and periods of years, as decads,
centuries, cbiliadt, fot the ufe of computation in
hlftory. Holder.

ChXLIa'edRON. «./. [from ;^;iXia.] A

figure of a ihoufand fides.

In a man, who fpeaks of a chmaedron, or a
body of a thoufand iiues, the idea of the figure
may be very confufcd, though that of the num-
ber be very diflind. Lccic.

Ghilifa'ctive. ailj. [fromfA/7r.] That
which makes chile.

Whether thh be not effefted by fomc way of
eorrolion, rather than any proper digcllion, cbili-
fiBim matidoa, oralimental convcifion.

Brcnun^i yulg^r Erreurs.

Chimfa'ctory. aJJ. [from<rZi/7f.] That
'which has the quality of making chile.

We fliould rather rely upon a chUifaHtir^ men-
llmum, or digeftive preparation drawn from fpe-
cies or individuals, whofe ftomachs peculiarly d!f-
folve lapideous bodies, Bt-tnvn.

Chilij'ica'tion. n.f. \fTom chile.'\ The
aft of making ^ile.

Nor will we aihi m that iron is indigelled in the

ftomach of tijeoftriche ; but we fufpedl this cftccl

to proceed not from any liquid reduOion, or ten-

dcace to ehdtficatiai, by the power of natural hc,it.

Brotvu't Vulgar Erroun.

CHrLL. aJj. [cele. Sax ]

\. Cold; that which is cold to the touch.

And all my plants 1 lave from nightly ill.
Of noifoine winds, and blafling vapours fix//* Mih.
2. Cold ; having the lenfation of cold ;
(hivering with cold.
Myheutaod my cM// veins fteeze withdefpair.

3( Dull; not warm ; not forward: as, a
chill reception.

4. Depreflfcd ; dejcfted ; difcouraged.

5. Unaffedlionate ; cold of temper.
Chill, n.f. [from tht adjjedUve.] Chi!-

ncfs ; cold.

I very well know one to have a fort of tbill
•faaut Ms fracuidia and lie.id,

Derbam'i Phj/fa-TMigy.

C H I

7*0 Chill, v. a. [from the adjcflive,}

1 . To make cold.

Age has not yet
So (hrunk my itnews, or fo tbJl i my veins.
But confcious virtue in my bread remains. Dryjen.
Heat burns his rife, froit chUlt hia fetting beam ,
And vex the world with uppofite extremes. Creech.

Each changing fcafon does its poifon bring ;
Rheums cbill the winter, agues blaft the fpting,

frier.
Now no more the drum
Provokes to arms ; or trumpet's clangor flirill
Affrights the wives, or chills the virgin's blood,

Plilifs.

2. To deprefs ; to dejeft ; to difcourage.

Every thought on God cbilh the gaiety of his
fpirits, and awakens terrors which be cannot bear.

iJjgrrj.

3 . To blaft with cold.

The fruits perilh on the ground.
Or foon decay, by fnows immod'rate cbill'd,
By vs'inds are blalicd, or by lightning kiil'd.

SlackmDre.

Chi'lliness. ».yr [from chilly.} A fen-
fation of Ihivering cold.

If the patient furvivcs tliree days, the acutenefs

of the pain abates, and a cbillinef: or Ihivering

, affeSs llie body. AriuihrM.

Chi'lly. aJj, [from f /&/'//.] Somewhat
cold.

A chilly fweat bedews
My (hudd'ring limbs. Phiri/ii.

Chi'lness. »./. [from dill.'] Coldnefs ;
want of warmth.

If you come out of the fun fuddcnly into a
ihade, there followcth a chilnejs or Ihivering in all
the body. Bacon.

This while he thinks, he lifts aloft his dart,
A generous chihtfi feizcs ev'ry part.
The veins pour back the blood, and fortify the
heart. Drydcr.

Chime, n.f. [kime, Dutch.] The end
of a barrel or tub.

CHIME, n.f. [The original of this word
is doubtful. Jutiius and MinJI^enu fup-
pofe it corrupted from cimbal ; Skiimer
from gamme, or gamut ; Henfoaui from
chiamarc, to call, becaule the cbhne calls

' to church. Perhaps it is only foftened
from chiitne, or churm, an old word for
the found of many voices, or inibu-

, ments making a noife together.]

1 . The confonant or harmonick found of
many correfpondent inftrumcnts.

Hang our fiiaggy thighs with beils ;
That, as we do llrike a tune.
In our dance Ihail make a chiiite, Ben "Jonjcn.
The found
Of inftroments, that made melodious chime.
Was heard of harp and organ. MihmiPar, LoJI.
Love virtue, /he alone is free ;
She can teach you how to climb
Higher ihan the fphery ctiire. Mlhcn.

2. The correfpondence of found.

Love firft invented verfe, and furm'd the rhime,
The motion meafur'd, harm..nia'd therfiwe. Dryd.

3. The found of bells, not rung by ropes',
but ftruck with hammers. In this fenfe
it is always ufedin the plural, chimes.

Wc have heard tht ci.-ntii at midnight. Shakiff).

4. The conefpondence of proportion or
relatio'n.

The conceptions of things are placed in their
I'evcral degrees of llltiilitude ) as in feveral pro-
purtlons, one to another ; !■ wh'ch harmonious
cbimeiy the voice of" reafon is often drowned.

Grivj^i C'/mshgla.
9^0 Chime, 'v. n. [from the noun.]
t . To found ia biu-mony or confoaanc.:.

C H I

To make the rough recital aptiy cUme,
Or bring the fum of Gallia's lal> to rhime,
'Tis mighty hard. _ ^ Priar.

2. To correfpond in relation or proportion.

Father and fon, hulband and wife, and ftich
other correlative terms, do belong one to anather }
and, through cullom, do readily chime, and anCwer
one another, in people's memoiies. , Lxkt,

3. To agree ; to fall in with.

He not only fat quietly and heard his father raiU
cd at, but often chimed in with the difccuKe.

AriuitrM'i Hifi. ef "John Bull,

4. To fuit with ; to agree.

Any fcQ, whofe rcifonings, interpretation, and
language, I have been uf^d tu, will, of courfe^
make all chime that way ; and make another, and
perhaps the genuine mcani-ig of the author, fcena
hailh, (Irange, and uncouth to me. Ltcit,

5. To jingle; to clatter.

But with tlie meaner tribe I'm forc'd to ckiwief
And, wanting ftrength to rife, defcend to rhime.

Smiths
To C H I M B . T. a.

1 . To move, or ftrike, or caufe to found
harmonically, or with juft confonancy.

With li.'l-d arms they order cv'ry bio*',
. And chime ihcir founding hammers in a row >
With labour'd anvils ^tna gr^>:i;ts below.

Dryden'i Georpcki,

2. To ftrike a bell with a hammer.
CHIME'RA. «./. [Chimera, L«.] Avaia

and svild faixy, as remote from re4lity
as the exillence of the pcetical Chimsr.t,
a monller feigned to have the head of a
lion, the belly of a goat, and ^the tail of
a dragon.

In lhort,'the force of dreams is of a piece,
CHm<ras all, anJ mjre abfurd, or lefs. Dryd. Fab,

No body joins the voice of a (heep with the
ihape of a hoife, to be the complex ideas of any
real fubdances, unlefs he has a mind to fill his
head with chimeras, and his difcouife with unin-
tcliigiblc words. Locke.

C H I M e'r I c a l . ezc/j. [from ciimera.l Ima-
ginary ; fanciful; wildly, vainl}|, or faa-
tallically conceived ; fantailick.

Notwithllanding the iinenefs of this allegory
may atone for it in fomc meafure, I cannot tliink
that pevfons offucha liiauvini/exiftence are pro-
per aOors in an epic poem. Sj/i^ntor,

Chime'rically. aJv. [from chimeri-
cal.] Vainly; wildly; fantaftically.

Chi'minacb. »./. [from f/?i/'OT»>, an old
law word for a road.] A toll for paffage
through a foreft. Co-well.

CHI'MNEY. n.f. [cheminee, French.]

I. The paffage through which the fmoke
afcends from the fire in the houfe.

CLimmes with fco;n rcjefling fmoke. S-unft.

2 The turret raifed above the roof of the
houfe, for conveyance of the fmoke.

The night has been unruly : where wc lay.
Our climmcs were blown down, Sbakejpcari.

3. The fire-place.

The chimney
Is fouth the chamber; a.nd the chimneypiece,
Chafte Dian bathing. Shake/peart.

The fire which the Clioldeans worlhippad for a
god, i« crept into every man's cbur;ney.

Raleigh's Hifiery.
Low offices, which fome neighbours hardly
think it worth ilirriog from their chimney fides to
obtain. , &iuift on Sac. Trft,

Chi'mney-corner. n.f. [from chimney
andcernn:] The fire-fide; the feat on
each end of the firegrate : ufually noted
in proverbial language for being the-
place of idlers.

C H I

Yet forae old men
Tell ftnries of you in their d'mny-ecrvir. Detitam.
Ch i'm k e y p 1 e c e. n.f. [from chimney and
/lifce.] The ornamental piece of wood,-
or Hone, that is fet round the fire-place.

Polifh and bright'-n tiie marble hearths and
rhimruyf-iic^i with ac*uuc dipt in gpeafe. S^.v'.ft.
Chi'mneysweeper. n.f. [from chimney
and Jhvee/>er.]

1. One whofe trade it is to clean foul
chimnies of foot.

To look like her, are tlnmtiiyf'anepers black;
And Cnce her time are colliers counted bright.

Sbakcffieart,
The little ck'm*ieyftveel>rr (kulks along,
And marks with fuoty lUins the heedlefs throng.

Gay,

Even lying Ned, the <h'wireyfv}eeper of Savoy,

and Tom the Portugal du.lman, put in their

claims. j4rbutbnot,

2, It is ufed proverbially for one of a
mean and vile occupation.

Golden lads and girls, all multf
As chlmrtej/fw^perif come to dud, Stiikifpeare.
CHIN. n. f. [cinne, Saic kin:i. Germ.]
The part of the face beneath the under
]ip.

But ail the words I could get of her, was wrying
her wai ft, and thrui^ing out her cb'm- Shinty.

With his Amazoman ch'm he drove
The bridled lips before him. Shattfjieare.

He/ais'd his h.irdy head, which funk again.
And, finking on his bofom, knock'd his ckir.

Drydin.

Chi'na. n.f. [from China, the country
wheie it is ma'de.] China ware ; por-
celain ; a fpecies of velfels made in
China, dimly tranfparent, partaking of
the qualities of earth and glafs. They
are made by mingling two kinds of
earth, of which one eafily vitrifies ; the
other refifls a very ftrong heat : when
the vitrifiable earth is melted into glafs,
they are completely burnt.

SplKn, vapnurs, or fm.ill-pcx, above them all ;
And miilrcf- of hcrfcif, tho' cbina fall. Pope.

After fuppcr, carry your plate and china to-
gether in t!ic fame bafkct. Swift.

Chi'n a-Orance. n.f. [from China and
crange.'] The fweet orange : brought
originally from China.

Nut many years has the Ciirta-orargi- been pro-
pagated in IVrtugal and Spain. tUriimer'i Hujh.

Chi'na-Root. n. f. [from China and
roct. ] A medicinal root, brought origi-
nally from China.

CHl'^ COUGH, tt.f. [perhaps more pro-
perly kinccugh, from kinckin, to pant,
Dut. and cough.'] /f violent and convulfive
cough, to which children are fubieft.

I have obfcrved 3 ch'incough, complicated with an
Inrcrmitting ftvcr. Flyer on the liuKours.

CHINE, n. f [efchine, Fr. fhiena, Ital.
fpina, Lat. cein. Arm,]

1. The part of the back in which the
fpine or back bone is found.

She ftrake him fuch a blow upon his «A;«, that
flic opened all his body. Sidney.

He prefenrs her with the tufky head,
And d wwith rifing bridles rougbly fpread. Hryd.

2. A piece of the back of an animal.

Cut out the buily buned clov.a in cWwi.i of licef
ere thou icrp. Shaitjfftrt.

He had killed eight ftt hops for this feaftin,
and he haj ^ealt about his ihinti very liberally
amongd his n-ighbouri. Spc.laior.

To Chine, o. a. [from the noun.] To

cut into chines.
■ ■ lO

C H I

He that !n his line 4id tbini the long nlb'd
Apennine. Drydin.

CHINK, n.f. [cman, to gape. Sax.] A
fmall aperture Ion g wife ; an opening or
gap between the parts of any thing.

Pyramus and ThiJbe did talk through the chink
of a wall. Shahefp, Midfutnm^r ^ighl^s Dretin:,
Plagues alfo have been raifed by anointing the
chinks of doors, and the like. Baccn's Nat. HiJ}.
Though birds have na epiglottis, yet. they lb
contract the chink of their larinx, as to prevent the
admiffion of wet or dry indigefted.

Broiun's Vulgar Erroun.

Other inventions, falfe and abfurd, that are like

fo many chinks and holes to difcover the rottenr.ei's

of the whole fabrick. South.

In vain flie fearchM each cranny of the houfc.
Each gaping chink impervious to a inoufe. S'zvift.
To Chink, f. a. [derived by Skinner
from the found.] To Ihake fo as to
make a found.

He chinks his purfe, and takes his feat of date :
With ready quills the dedicators wait.

Pope's Drr'.riiid.

To Chink, f. ». To foimd by llriking
each other.

Lord Strutt's money (hines as bright, and chinks
as well, as 'r<)uire South's.

Arhuihnat's Hifloiy cf Jnhn Bull.
When not a guinea chink'J on Martin's boards.
And AtwiU's felf was drain'd of all his hoards.

Stvi/t.
Chi'nky. a.-fj. [from chink."] Full of
holes J gaping ; opening into narrow
clefts.
But plaider thou the cbinkj hives with clay.

Dryden^s Virgil.
Grimalkin, to domedick vermin fworn
An everlading foe, with watchful eye
Lies nightly brooding o'er a cbinky gap.
Protending her fell claws, to thoughtlcfs mice
Sure ruin. Philips's Poems.

Chints. n.f. Cloth of cotton made in
India, and printed with colours.

Let a charmm^ chints, and Brudcls lace.
Wrap my cold limbs, and fliade my lifeleCs face.

Pope.

Chi'oppine. n.f. [from chapin, Span.^
A high flioe, formerly worn by ladies.

Your ladyfliip is nearer heaven than when 1 faw
you lad, by the altitude of a chief pine. ShaktJ}.

The wnman was a giantefs, and yet walked
always in chi'ippines, Conoley.

CHIP, Cheap, Chipping, in the names
of places, imply a market ; from the
Saxon cyppan, ceapan, to buy. Gibfon.
To Chip. oi. a. [probably corrupted from
chop.] To cut into fmall pieces ; to
diminilh, by cutting away a little at a
time.

His mangled MjTmidons,
Nofelcfs, hanu'.cf^, hackt and chipt, come to him.
Crying on Hetlor. Shahfp. Trnilus and CtrJJida.
To rcturii to our ftatue in the block of marble,
we fee it fometimes only begun to be chipped ,
fomctimes rough hewn, and jud flcetchcd into an
human figure. Mdifons Speflatir.

The critick drikes out all that is not jud ;
And 'ti« ev'n fo the butler chips his crud. King.

Indudry
Taught him to chip' Ae'<vio!>i, and hew the done.

Thowfon.

Chi-.', n. f. [from the verb.]
I. A fmall piece taken oiF by a cutting
inllrunvent.

Cucumbers do eitreroely i&cQ moidure, and

over-drink tliemfelves, which chaff or chips for-

biddeth. Saccn.

That chip maJtifon fwim, not by natural power.

■I'aylTr.

CHI

The draw was laid below ;
0! ''lips and feiewood was the Iccgnd row,

Drydens Fal'es,

2. A fmall piece, however made.

The mapgauefe lies in the vein in tmnps wreck-
ed, in an irregular maiiner, among clay,"fpar, aud
chips of done. H'mdhvtifd.

Chi'pping. n.f. [from To chip.."] A frag-
ment cut off.

They dung their land with the ohipp'trgs of a

fort of loft done. Alcnimer's Hajhaiidry,

The chippings and filings of thefe jewels, could

they be preferved, are of more value than the whole

mafs of ordinary authors. Fe'tton en the Chjfuks-,

Chira'grical. adj. [from chimera,
Lat.] Having the gout in the hand ;
fubjeft to the gout in the hand.

Chircigrical perlbns do fuffer in the finger as well
as in the reft, md fometimes Urd. of ali.

Brawns Vulgar Errcurs»

Chiro'grapher. n.f, [x"{» the hand,
and y^aipa, to write.] He that e^cercifes
or profeffes the art or bufmcfi of writing.

Thus pafl'eth it from this office to the chirogra-
ph.r's, to be engrofl'ed. B aeon sO£ice of Alienation.

Chiro'craphist. «. / [See Chiro-
GRAPHER.] This word is ufed in the
following pafiage, I think, improperly,
for one that tells fortunes by examining
the hand : the true word is chirofiphifi^
or chiromancer.

Let the phyfiognomids examine hisfeaturesj let
the chirographips behold his palm ; but, above all,
let us confult for the calculation of his nativity.

j^rhuibn'4 and Pope*

Chiro'craphy, n.f. [See Chirogra-
ph er.] The art of writing.
Chi'romancer. v. f. [See Chiro-
mancy.] One that foretels fiiture
events by infpedling the hand.

The middle fort, who have hot much to ipare.
To chiromancers' cheaper art repair.
Who clap the pretty palm, to mal-e the lines more
fair. Dry den's yuaenal.

Chi'romancy. n.f. [xsij, the hand, and
navlif, a prophet.] The art of foretel-
ling the events of life, by infpedling the
hand.

There is not much conliderable in that do£ltinc
of chiromancy, that fpots in the top of the nails do
•ignify things pad ; in the middle, things prefentj
and at the bottom, events to come.

Broiott's Vulgar Erroun.

To CHIRP, 'u. n. [perhaps contrafted
• from cheer up. The Dutch have circken.'\
To make a cheerful noife ; as birds,
when they call without fmging.

.Slie chirfing ran, he peeping dew away.
Till hard by them both he and die did day.

S'tdne^t
Came he right now to ling a raven's note;
And thinks he that the chirping of a wren
Can chafe a«ay the fird conceived found .> Shak,
No chirping lark the welkin Ihcen invokes. ■'

Gay'i Paflerah,
The careful hen
Calls all her chirping family around.

Thomfin's Spring,
To Chirp, v. a. [This feems apparently
corrupted from cheer tip^] To make
cheerful. V

Let no fubcr bi^ot here think it^Jin
lu puih 00 the chirping and modwajffjfcottle.

-'::;_ yehnfir.
Sir Balaam now, he lives like otheriolks ;
He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his jokes.

Pope.,
Chikp. n.f. [from the verb.] The voice
of birds or infe'ils.

Vflnii

C H I

Wind) over ui whifper'd, flockj by ui did btf «',
And tkirf went the grafthopper under our tlct.

Sptflator.

Chi'rper. n./. [from eiirp.] One that

chirps ; one that is cheerful.
ToChirre. v. ft. [ceopian. Sax.] See

C H u R M E . To coo as a pigeon. Junius.

CHIRU'RGEON. ». /. \_x'k''Hy'^' f''°"'
yi\^, the hand, and i{yi», work.] One
that cures ailments, not by internal
medicines, but outward applications.
It is now generally pronounced, and by
many written, _/arf«».

When a man's wounds ceafe to fmart, only
becaufe he has loft hii feeling, they are neverthe-
iefs mortal, for his not feeing his need nf a chirur-
gecit» Soutb^s Sermcns,

Chiru'rcBry. n. /. [from cbirurgeon.]
The art of curing by external applica-
tions. This is calledyj/r^^ry.

Gynccia having, flcill in cbirurgiry, an art in

thofe days much efteemed. Sidity.

Nature couH do nothing In her cafe without the

help of cbirurgery, in drying up the luxurious Hcih,

and making way to puU out the rotten bon;;:.

ff^i/emiDi,
Chiru'rcical. 7 aJ/, See Chirur-

"ChIRu'rCICK. J CEON.

'I. Having qualities ufeful in outward ap-
plications to hurts.

As to the cbirurgical or phylical virtues of wax,
it is reckoned a mean between hot and cold.

Mortimer.

2. Relating to the manual part of healing.

3. Manual in general, confifling in ope-
rations of rhe hand. This fenie, though
the firil according to etymology, is now
fcarce found.

The cbirurgical or manual p*t doth refer to the
IQAking inftruments, and exercifing particular ex-
periments, ff^tlkin:.

CHI'SEL. »./. [d/eaa. Fr. of/cijim, Lat.]
An inftrument with which wood or ftone
is pared away.

What fine ctifil
Could ever yet cut breath ? Let no man mock me,
For I will kifs her. Sbakrjj/tare.

There is fuch a fceming foftnefs in the limbs,
« if not a chijrl had hewed them out of ftone, but
a pencil had drawn and ftroaked them in oil.

tyotlca't ArchiteHurt,
Imperfedl Oiapes ; in marble fuch are feen.
When the rude cbifcl does the man begin, t^rydcn,

To Chi'sel. t. a. [from the noun.] To

cut with a chifel.
CHIT. n. f. [according to Dr. Hickei,

from kind. Germ, child ; perhaps from

thico, little. Span.]

1, A child ; a Isaby. Generally ufed of
young perfons in contempt.

Thcf; will appear fuch cb.ti in ftory,
'Twiil turn all politicks to jeft. Amrymm.

2. The Ihoot of com from the end of the
grain. A cant term with maltllers.

Barley, couched four days, will begin to ihew
the cbit or fprit at the root-end.

Mitrnvurt Ilujbandry.

J. A freckle, [from chick -peafe.] In this

fenfe it is feldora ufed.
To Chit. 1/. n. [from the noun.] To

fprout ; to flioot at the end of the grain :

cant.

I have known barley cbit in feven hours after it
hai been thrown forth. Mcrlimtr^i Hufhandry,

Chi'tchat. tt.f. [corrupted by redupli-
cation from cbat.l Prattle i iuepiate;

C H I

Idle talk. A word only ufed in ludi-
crous converfation.

I am a member of a female foeietyj who -call
ourfelves the chitchat club. SftHattr.

Chi'tterlings. n. /, without Angular,
[from fchyter lingh, Dut. Min^nu ;
from kutlcln. Germ. Skinntr.\ The guts ;
the bowels. Skinner.

Chi'ttv. adj. [from f^/,] Childilh ;
like a baby.

Chi'valrous. adj. [from chiiialry.'] Re-
lating to chivalry, or errant knight-
hood ; knightly ; warlike ; adventurous ;
daring. A word now out of ufe.

And noble minds of yore allied were
In brave purfuit of chivalnut emprife. Fairy S).

CHI'VALRY. ». / [chevaUrie, Fr.
knighthood, from chcual, a horfe ; as
equts in Latin.]

1. Knighthood; a military dignity.

There be now, for martial encouragement, fomc
dfgrees and order » of chivalry ; which, ncvertheltfs,
are conferred promifcuoufty upon foidiers and no
foldiers. Bacn't F.Jpiys.

2. The qualifications of a knight; as, va-
lour, dexterity in arms.

Thou haft flain
The flow'r of Europe for his chivalry, Sbairff.

I may fpeak it to my Ihame,
I have a truant been to chivalry. Sbahefpearc.

3. The general fyitem of knighthood.

Solemnly he fwore.
That, by the faith which knights to knighthood

bore.
And whate'cr elfe to chivalry belongs,
He would not ceafe till he rcveng'd their wrongs.

Rryden.

4. An adventure ; an exploit. Not now
in ufe.

They four doing a£ls more dangerous, though
lefs famous, becaufe they were. but private chival-
ries. Sidney.

5. The body or order of knights.

And by his light
Did all the chivalry of England move
To do brave adls. Sbahffcarc.

6. In law.

Serviiium mi/itare, of the French chjyualier j a
tenure of land by knight's fervice. There is no
land but is holden mediately or immediately of
the crown, by fome fervice or other ; and there-
fore are ail our freeholds, that are to us and our
heirs, called feuda, f>:ts, as proceeding from the
benefit of the icing. As the king gave to the
nobles large pnfleflions for this or that rent and
fervice, fo tlicy parcelled out their lands, So re-
ceived for rents and ferviccs, as they thought
good : and thofe fervices are by Littleton divided
into chivalry and focage. The one is martial and
military ; the other, clowniih and mftick. Chi-
valry, therefore, is a tenure of fervice, whereby
the tenant is bound to perform fomc noble or mi-
litary ofSce unto his lord : and is of two forts ;
either teg il, that is, fucli as may hold only of the
king ; or fuch as may alfo hold of a common per-
fon as well as of the king. That which may iiold
only of the king, is properly called fergcantry ;
and is again divided into grand or petit, i. r. great
or fmall. CLivalry that may hold of a common
perfon, as well as of the king, is called fcutagium.

7. It ought properly to be written cbe-
vahy. It is a word not much ufed, but
in old poems or romances.

Chi'ves. ti,/. [cive, Fr. Skinner,']

1. The threads or filaments riling in
flowers with feeds at the end.

The mafculine or prolific feed contained in the
chivti or apircs of the itamina. Hay on the Cnati'ii.

2. A fpecies of fmall onion. Skinntr.

C H O

Chi.oro'sis. «./ [from ;jK«{^, green.]

The green-ficknefs.
To Choak. See Choke.
CHO'COLATE. ». /. [chocolate. Span.]

1 . The nut of the cacao tree.

The tree hath a rofe flowe.-, of a great number
of iietajs, from whofc empalement arifes the pointal,
being a tube cut into many parts, which becomes
a fruit fliaped fomewhat like a cucumber, and
deeply furrowed, in which are contained feverai
feeds, coUcfled into an oblong heap, and (lit down,
fomewhat like almonds. It is a native of America,
and is found in great plenty in feverai places be-
tween the tropicks, and grows wild. See Cocoa.

Miller.

2. The cake or mafs, made by grinding
the kernel of the c.ncao nut with other
fubftances, to be diffolved in hot water.

The Spaniards were the firft who brought cho-.
cclaie into ufe in Europe, to ptoreote the coa>
fumplion of their cacao-nuts, achiot, and other
drugs, which their Weft Indies furnilh, and which
enter the compofition of chocolate. Clamien.

3. The liquor made by a folution of cho-
colate in hot water.

Chccshre U certainly much the beft of thefe
t'lrce exotick liquors : its oil ferms to be both
rich, alimentar;-, and anodyne, jfrhih. (vjilim.

In funics of burning chocolate fliall glow.
And tremble at the fea that froths below ! Pope.
Cho'colate-house. n./. [chocoliUe Axxi
krou/e.] A houfe where company is en-
tertained with chocolate.

Ever fince that time, L'lf^nder hss been twice a
day at the chocolate-hiufi. Tatler.

ChOds. [the old preterite from cbitie.}
See Chide.
And Jacob was wroth, and cboje with Laban.

Genefis.

Choice, n. /. [choix, French.]

1. The aft of choofing; determination
between different things propofed ; elec-
tion.

If you oblige mp fuddenly to chufe.
The choice is made ; for I miift both refufe. Drydi»,

Soft elocution doth thy ftyle renown,
Centle or (harp, according to thy choice.
To laugh at follies, or to lalh at vice. Dryd. Perful,

2. The power of choofing; election.

Cloice there is not, unlcfs the thing which we
t.ik; be fo in our power, that we might have re-
futed it. If fire confume the ftable, it choofeth
not fo to do, becaufe the nature thereof is fuch
that it can do no other. Hotlier,

There's no liberty like the freedom of having it
at my own choice, whether I will live to the world,
01^0 myfclf. l," Ef range.

To talk of compelling a man to be good, is a
contradiilion ; for where tliere is force, there can
be no chiue. Whereas, all moral goodnefs confifteth
in the eleftive ail of tlie underftanding will.

Crtvi'i CojKolcgia Sacra.

Whether he w'lll remove his contemplation from
one idea to another, is many times in his choice.

Locke.

3. Care in choofing ; curiofity of diftinc-
tion.

Julius Catfar did write a colleftion of apoph-
thc,gms : it is pity his book is loft ; for 1 imagine
they were colle£ied with judgment and choice.

Bactii's jifofhihegms.

4. The thing chofen ; the thing taken, or
approved, in preference to others.

Your choice is not fo rich in birth as beauty ;
TJiat you might well enjoy her. Shakifpeare.

Take to thee, from among the cherubim.
Thy dace of flaming warrioi<rs.

Milton I Paradife L-iji.

Now, Mars, (he faid, let fame cx.ilt her voice -
Not let thy coni^ucfls only be bei choice. P'or,

5- The

C H O

5. The beii part of any thing, that is
more properly the objedl of choice.

The c/hi.-if anil flower of all things profitable in
other books, tlic Pfalms do both more briefly
contain, and more movingly alfoexprcfs. Hcrkcr,

Thou art a mighty prince : in the cimt ol" our
fepulcbtes bury tby dead. Genefis,

Their ridors, the flow'r and choice
Of many pro\inces, from bound to bound. Milttm,

6. Severalthings propofed at once, as ob-
jefts of judgment and eledlion.

A braver chi.c of dauntlefs fpirits
Did never float upon the fw-elling title. Hhakiff,

7. To make Choice of. To choofe ; to
take from feveral things propofed.

Wifdom of what herfelf approves mjfu ch'.ici.
Nor is led captive by the common vrt'ce. Dcttham,

Choice, adj. [ckciji, French.]

1. Seleil ; of extraordinary value.

After having fet before the king the ihoktji of

winej and fruits, he told him the bcft part of his

entertainment was to come. Guardian,

Thus, in a fca of folly tofs'd.

My choUiJ} liours <yi life are lift. S^vi/t,

2. Chary; frugal; careful. Ufed of per-
fons.

He that is ctcice of his time, will alfo be cbcict
of his company, and ebeke of his actions.

TajfJor^i Hily Livirtg*

Cho'iceless. ai/J. [from chut.'] With-
out the power of chooung; without right
of choice ; not free.

Neither the weight of the matter of wiiich the
cylinder is made, nor the round voluble form of
it, are any more imputable to that dead chokclcfi
creature, than the firllmotiorfof it ; and, therefore,
it cannot be a fit refemblance to flicw the recon-

_ cileablencfs of fate with choice. Hammind.

Cho'icely. ad'v. \Jiom choice.'^

1. Curioudy; with exaft choice.

A band of men,
Collcfled cb'Acely from each county fornc. Sbak.

2. Valuably; excellently.

Jt is certain it is cbukcly gond. WalHiiCi jinrlir.

Cho'icenhss. 71./. [from choice.'] Nice-
ty; particular value.

Carry into the /hade fuch auriculas, fcedlings,
or plants, as are for their, choicemfi rcfcrved in
pots. Evtlyn't KalenJar.

CHOIR. «./. [chorus. Latin.]

1. An affembly or band of fi.igcrs.

They now afljil the choir
Of angels, who their fongs aJmirf. Waller.

2. The fingers in divine worlhip.

The choir^
With all the choiceft mufick of the kingdom,
Toget.-.er lung Te D,um. Shakcjprare.

3. The part of the church where the cho-
rifters or fingers are placed.

The lords and ladies, having Drought the queep
To a prepar'd place in the ctcir, fell off
At dirtance from her. ■ Sthakdfftcre.

To CHOKE, "v. a. [aceocan. Sax. from
ceoca, the check or mauth. According to
Mmjhe^v, from Dn ; from whence, pro-
bably, the Spanifh ahogat:]

1. To fuffocate ; to kill by Hopping the
paflage of refpiration.

But when to my good lord I prove untrue,
I'lUioitrayfeif. Shakefpeari.

While you thundcr'd, clouds of duftdid chekc
Contending troops. Waller.

2. To flop up ; to obftruft ; to bJock up a
paiTage.

Men troop'd up to the king's capacious court,
Whofc porticos were <i«*Vwith the rcfort.

Chaf^nan.

They are at a continual expencc to deanlc tlic
TOrts, and keep them from bcicg thtifj up, by the
help of feveral cagines. Addifir. m Italy.

Vol.1.

(C H O

While pray'rs and tears his deftin'dprogrefs Hay,

And crowds of mourners chakc their fov'reign's

way. ^i^kell.

3. To hinder by obftruftion or conEne-
ment.

As two fpcnt fwimmers, that Jo cling together.
And choke their art. Sbakejpcare.

She cannot lofe her perfeft pow'r to fee,
Tho' mifts and clouds do chokt her window-light.

Davies,

It feemeth the fi-.e is fo choked, as not to be
able to remove the ftonc. Bacoti^s Natural Hijiory.

You muft make the mould big enough to contain
the whole fruit, when it is gr^jwn to the gvcateft ;
for clfe you will choke the fpreading of the fruit.
Bacon I Natural llijiory.

The fire, which chok'J in alhes lay,
A load too heavy for his foul to move,
Was upward blown below, and brufliM away by
love. Dryden,

4. To fupprefs.

And yet we.ventnrM ; for the gain pi'OposM
Ctni^d the refpcQ pf likely peril fear'd. Shakefp.

Co\)fefs thee fretly of thy fin !
For to deny each article with oatli,
Canno^ remove nor choke the ftrong conception
That J do gtoari withal. ' Shakejpeare,

J. To overpower.

And that which fell among thorns are they
which, when they have heard, go forth, and are
ch'ked with cares, and riches, and pleafures of this
life, and bring no fruit to perfection. Luke.

No fruitful crop the fickly fields return;
But oats and darnel cboke the rifing corn.

Drydcrt's Paji.

Choke, n.f. [from the verb.] The fila-
mentous or capillary part of an arti-
choke. A cant word.

Choke-pear. n.f. [from choke and pear.]

1. A rough, harlh, unpalatable pear.

2. Any afperfion or farcafm, by which an-
other is put to filence. A low term.

Pardon mc for going fo low as to talk of giving
choke-fears. ClariJJit.

Cho'ker. n./. [from choke.]

1 . One that chokes or fufFocates another.

2. One that puts another to filence.

3. Any thing that cannot be anfw^red.
Cho'ke-weed. n.f. [ervangina.] A plant.
Cho'ky. adj. [from choke.] That which

has the power of fuftbcation.

Cho'lagogues. a,/. [xoA©-, iile.] Me-
dicines which have the power of purg-
ing bile or choler.

CHO'LER. »./, [cholera, Lat.from x'^''-]

1. The bile.

Marcilius Ficimus increafcs thefc proportions,
adding two more of pure choler.

Wotton on Education.

There would be a main defeft, if fuch a feeding

animal, and fo fubjcft unto difcafes from bilinus

cauftiS, fhould want a proper conveyance for cHler.

Broivn^s Vulgar Errouri.

2. The humour which, by its fuper-abun-
dancc, is fuppofed to produce irafcibi-
lity.

It engenders ctoler, planteth anger ;
And better 'twere that b th of us did faft.
Since, of ourfclvcs, ourfelves arc cholerick.
Than feed It with fuch over-roafted flerti.

Hbttkijfeare.

3. Anger; rage.

Hut him to f holer ftraight : he hath been ufed
Ever to conquer, and to have his w -rd
Of conttadiition. .Siakefpeare.

He, mcthinks, it no great fcholar,

Wiio can miftaWc dcfirc for choier. Prior.

Cho'lerick. adj. [chokriciu, Latin.]
I . Abounding with choler. 1

C H O

I Our two great poets being fo di/Fcrent in their

tempers, the one cboUrick a?id fangulne, the other
phiegmatick and mclancholick. Dryden*

2. Angry; irafcible : ofperfons.

Bull, in the miin, was an honeft, plain-dealing
fellow, cholerick, bold, and of a very unconrtanc
temper.^ Arbuthrtot.

3. Angry ; ofFenfive : of words or adions.,

There came in choleriik halle towards me .ibout
ftfven or eight knights. Sidney,

Becanus threateneth all that read him, ufiiig his
confident, or rather cholerick, fpeech.

Raleigh'i Hipciry of the World.
Cho'lerickness. n. /. [from cholerick.]

Anger ; irafcibility ; peeviflinefs.
To CHOOSE. -J. a. I cho/e, I have cho/en,
or cho/e. [choi/ir, Fr. ceopan. Sax. ktc/en.
Germ.]

1 . To take by way of preference of feve-
ral things oifcred ; not to reje£l.

Did 1 chooje him out of all the tribes of Ifrael
to be my prieft ? i Silvi. ii. 2S.

I may neither chooje whom I woulJ, nor refufe
whom I diflike. Shakefpeare.

If he Ihould offer to chaife, and cbioj'e the light
cafliet, you fhould refufe th perform your father's
will, if you Ihould refufe 1 1 sccept him. Shakefp.

2. To take ; not to refufe.

Let us choofe to us judgment ; let us know
among ourfelves what is good. fob.

The will has ftill fo much freedom left as to
enable it to cboofe any adt in its kind good; as alfo
to refufe any aft in its kind evil. Scurf/ s Sermons,

3. To feledl ; to pick out of a number. •

How much lefs Ihall I anfwer him, and choofe
out my words to reafon with him ? Job,

4. To eleft for eternal happinefs ; to pre-
deflinate to life. A term of theologians.

To Choose, 'v. n. To have the power of
choice between different things. It is
generally joined with a negative, and
fignifies mull necefTarily be.

Without the influence of the Deity fupporting
things, their utter annihilation could not choofe but
folk'W. - llooker.

Knaves abroad,
Who having by their own importunate (uir
Convinced or fupplicd them, they cannot choofe
But they muft blab. Sbakejfeare.

Wlien a favourite fliall be ralfed upon the foun-
dation of merit, then can he not choofe but profper.

Bacon*

Threw down a golden npple in her way ;
For all her haOe, (he could not choofe but ftay.

Dryden.

Tkofc who are perfuaded that they (h^l continue
for ever, cannot choofe but afpire after a happinefs
commenfuiate to their duration. Tilhifon,

Cho'oser. «. / [from choc/.] He that
has the power or office of choofing ;
eleftor.

Come all into this nut, quoth ilie ;
Come clofely in, be rui'd by me ;
Each one m.iy here a choofer be.

For room you need not wrcftle. Drayton.

In all things to deal with other men, as if I
might be my own choofer.

Hammond^ s PraSlical Catechifm.

This generality is not futficient to make a good

choofr, without a more particular contrafti'^n of

his judgment. ^ Wotton.

To CHOP. i>, a. [kappen, Dut. couper,

French.]
I. To cut with a quick blow.

What fli.ill we do, if we perceive
Lord Hafting'; will not yield to our complots ?
■I— -C/jQ/> f-ff his head, man. Shakefpeare,
Within thefe three days his head is to br chopt
oft'. Shakelpeare,

And where the cleaver fiiifi the heifer's (pnil,
Thy breathing noltril hold. Gay'i Trivia.

R r 2. To

C H O

z. To devour eagerly : with up.

You are for making a hifty mtal, and for cl»f-
f'ag up your entertainmenc like an hungry clown.

Drydia.
Upon the opening of hit mouth he drops his
breakfail, which the fox prefently chif-pcd up.

L'Efirangt.

3. To mince ; to cut into fmall pieces.

Thty break their bones, and chip them in pieces,
as for the pot. Allceh.

Some granaries are made with day, mixed with
hair, ctifptd draw, mulch, and fuch like.

Afart'mcr'i Hujl-a?idry.

By dividing of them into chapters and vcrfes,
they are fo ctiippcd and minced, and ftand fo
broken and divided, that the common people take
the verfes ufuaily for different aphorifms. l,(xkt.

4. To break into chinks.

I remesiber the cow's dugs, that her pretty
ri<t/>f h nds had milked. ShaUjpeari,

To Chop. v. n.

1. To do any thing with a quick and un-
expeifled motion, like that of a blow :
as we fay, tfee wind chops about, that is,
changes fuddenly.

If the body repercuffing be near, and yet not fo
near as to make a concurrent echo, it ctopptth with
yoo upon tlie fudden. Bacon t Natural Hipry.

2. To catch with the mouth.

Out of grcedinefs to get both, he chcpi at the
fliadow, and lofes the fubllance. Lt^range.

3. To light or happen upon a thing fud-
denly : with upon,

7« Chop. <v. a. [ceapan. Sax. ioopen, Dut.
to buy.]

1. To purchafe, generally by way of truck ;
to give one thing for another.

The d'cppirg of bargains, when a man buys not
to hold but to fell again, gtindeth upon the feller
and the buyer. Bacon.

2. To put one thing in the place of ano-
ther.

Sets up communities and fenf-s.
To ct^ and change intelligences. HuMras.

Affirm the Trigons ctipp' d ini cha.ngM,
The watry with the fiery rang'd. IhMras.

We go on chupf'mg and t hanging our friends,
as well as our horlcs. VEprangc.

3. To bandy ; to altercate ; to return one
thing or word for another.

_ _ Let not the counJl at the bar rfj^ with the
judge, nor wind himfelf into tiic hand.mg of the
caufe anew, after the jud^e hath declared his
fentence. ^^ j^_

_ You'll never leave off your chopping of logick,
till yourikin is turned over your ears for prating.

L'ijlrange.

Chop. n./. [from the verb.]

I. A piece chopped off. See Chip.

Sir William Capel compounded forfixtcen hun.
dred pounds; yet Empf.n would have cut anothe,
cicfiout of him, if the king had n tdied. Bacon.

%. A fmall piece of meat, commonly of
mutton.

Old Crofs condemns all perfons to be frp;.
That can't regale themfelves with mutton chcpj.

Jiir.g's Cook.

3. A crack, or cleft.

- Water will make wood to fwcll ; as we fee In

the filling of the dp, of bowls, by laying them in

^'""■■- Bacon.

Chop-house. «./. [from chop znAhou/e.]
A mean houfe of entertainment, where
provifion ready dreflied is fold.

I loft my place at the chep.to:ifi, where every
man eats in publick a me& of broth, or chp of
m-at. in filence. SpcHaltr.

CHO-PIN. n.f. [French.] ^

I. A French liquid meafure, containing
nearly a pint of Wincheiler.

C H O

2. A term ufed in Scotland for a quart of
wine meafure.

CHOfvivG. participial adj. [In this fenfe,
of uncertain etymology.] An epithet
frequently applied to infants, by way
of ludicrous commendation : imagined
by Skinner to fignify lujlj, from cap.
Sax. ; by others to mean a child that
would bring money at a market. Per-
haps a greedy, hungry child, likely to
live.
Both Jack Freeman and Ned Wild
-Would own the fair and chopping child. Fenlon.

Chopping-block. a./, [chop and iloci.]
A log of wood, on which any thing is
laid to be cut in pieces.

The Itraight fmooth elms are good for axle-trees,

beards, chtpping-blucit. Mortimer'i Hujbandry.

Choppincknife. n.f. [chap and ini/e.]

A knife with which cooks mince their

meat.

Here comes Dametas, with a fword by his Cde,
a foreft-bill on his neck, and a chopping-knife
under his girdle. Sidney.

Cho'ppy. adj. [from chtip.'\ Full of holes,
clefts, or cracks.

You feem to underftand me.
By each at once her choppy finger laying
Upon her (kinny lips. Shahefpeare.

Chops, n. f. without a fingular. [cor-
rupted probably from Chaps, which
fee].

1. The mouth of a beaft.

So focn as my cbopt begin to walk, yours muft
be walking too, for company. h'Efirangc.

2. The mouth of a man, ufed in contempt.

He ne'er Ihook hands, nor bid farewel to him,
Till he unfeAm'd him from the nape to th' chops.

Shakcfpcare,

3. The mouth of any thing in familiar
language ; as of a river, of a fmlth's
vice:

Cho'ral. flfljr. [from chorus, Lat.]

1 . Belonging to, or compofing a choir or
concert.

All founds on fret by ftring or golden wire
Temperd fift tunings intcrmix'd with voice,
Ch-ir.il or unifon. Mi/ton.

Cleral fymphonies. Mi/ton.

2. Singing in a choir.

And. fiord/ feraphs fung the fecond'day.

yfmhurfl.

CHORD. «. /. [chorda, Lat.] When it
fignifies a rope or ftring in generar, it
is written cord : when its primitive fig-
niiication is preferved, the h is retain-
ed.

1. The ftnng of a mufical inftrnment.

Who mov'd
Their flops and chords, was f.jeii ; his volant touch
InfHnQ t!iro' all proportions, low and high.
Fled and purfi.ed tranfverfe the rcfonant fugue.

Milieu.

2. [In geometry.] A right line, which
joins the two ends of any arch of a cir-
cle.

To Chord, v. a. [from the noun.] To
furnifli with ftrings or chords ; to ftring.

What palTiun cannot mufick raife and quell .'

When Tubal ftruck the (horded (hell.

His lift ning brethren ftood around. Drydcn.

Chorde'e. n. /. [from chorda, Lat.] A

contraftion of the froenum.
Cho'rion. ;;./ [;i(;i{ir>, to contain.] The

outward membrane that enwraps the

fcctus.

C H O

C H o'r r s T E R . n.f. [from chorus.l

1. A finger in cathedrals, ufuaily a finger
of the lower order; a finging boy.

2. A finger in a concert. This fenfe is, for
the moft part, confined to poetry.

And let the roaring organs loudly play
The pralfcs of the Lord in lively nutej ;
The whiles, with hollow throats,
The cborif.os the joyous anthem fing. Spinjer,

The new-born phsnix takes his way j
Of airy cLoriJIers a numerous train
Attend his progrcfs. Diydcn.

The mulical voices and accents of tlie aerial
choriflcrs, Ray on the Creadon,

Choro'crapher. n.f. [from x^'^^j a
region, and 7|<x^w, to defcribe.] He that
defcribes particular regions or countries.

Chorocra'phical. adj. [See Choro-
GRAPHER.] Defcriptive of particular
regions or countries ; laying down the
boundaries of countries.

I ha>e added a cherograpHcal defcriptlon of this
terrcftrial paradife. Raleigh's Hi/lory ofihc World,

Chorogr a'phic ally; ad-j. [from cbo-
rographical.] In a chorographical man-
ner ; according to the rule of chorogra-
phy ; in a manner defcriptive of p.ir-
ticular regions.

Choro'ciaphv. n.yl [SeeCnoROCR A-
p h c R.] The art or pradlice of defcrib-
ing particular regions, or l.iying down
the limits and boundaries of particular
provinces. It is lefs in its objcft than
geography, and greater than topography.

Cho'rus. n.f. [chorus, Latin.]

1 . A number of fingers ; a concert.

The Grecian tr.igedy was a; (iift nothing but a
c/«rBi of fmgers : afterwards one aftor was intro.
duced. Dryder.

Never did a more full and unfpotted chotus of
human creatures join together in a hymn 01 devo-
tion. AJdiJtn.

In praife fo juft let every voice be join'd.
And fill the general clzrus of m.inkind ! Pc/'c,

2. The perfons who are fuppofed to be-
hold what paflcs in the afts of a tragedy,
and fing their fentiments -between the
aas.

For fupply.
Admit me chorus to this hiftory. Shahefpeare,.

3. The fong between the afts of a tragedy,

4. Verfes of a fong in which the com-
pany join the finger.

Chose, [the preter tenfe, and fometimes
the participle paffive, from To choofe.]
Our foveteign here above the nil might (land.
And here be cbofe again to rule the land. Drydcn,

Cho'sen. [the participle paffire from To,
choofe. "^

If king Lewis vouchfafe to furnilh us
With fome few bands of cbofin IbldicfS,
I'll undertake to land them on our coaft. Sbat,

Chough, n. f. [ceo. Sax. choucas, Fr.l
A bird which frequents the rocks by rfie
fea fide, like a jackdaw, but bigger.

Hanmer.

In birds, kites and keftrels have a rele.-nblance

with hawks, crows with ravens, daws and choughs.

Bacon's Natural UiJIory.

To crows the like impartial grace affords.

And choughs and daws, and fuch rcpublick birds.

Drydcn,

Choule. n.f. [commonly pronounced and
written yVW.] The crop of a bird.

Theriox/e or crop, adhering unto the lower fide
of the bill, and fo defcending by the throat, is a
bag or fache!. Brnvn's Vulgar Errouru

To

C H R

C H R

C H R

To Chouse. -». a. [The original of this
word is much doubted by Skinner, who
tries to deduce it from the French goffer,
to laugh at ; or jonchtr, to wheedle ; and
from the Teuto^ick kofcn, to prattle. It
is perhaps a fortuitous and cant word,
without etymology.]

1. To cheat; to trick ; to impofe upon.

Freedom anJ zeal have ri>paiV you o'er and o'er;
Pray give us leave to bubble you once more. Dryti.

Frvim London they came, lilly people to cbouft.
Their lands and their faces unknown. S-wift.

2. It has of before the thing taken away
by fraud.

When geefe and pullen are feduc'J,
And lows e/" fucking pigs are choused. Hudih^-as.

Chousf. n.f. [from the verb. This word
is derived by Henjhaiu from hiaus, or
chiaus, a meflenger of the Turkifh court ;
who, fays he, is little better than a/so/.]

1 . A bubble ; a tool ; a man fit to be
cheated.

A fottilh cheuff.
Who, when a thief h.ii robbed hi$ houfe,
Applies himfelf to cunning men. Hudibrat*

2. A trick or Iham.

To Cho'wter. 'V. n. To grumble or

mutter like a froward child. Phillips.

Chrism, n, / [xfif^ta, an ointment.]

Unguent, or unAion : it is only applied

to facred ceremonies.

One adt, never to be rereared, is not the thing
that Chrift's eternal pricfthood, denoted el'pecially
by his undkion or clrij'm, refers to.

Hjmm'jTid^t Frafiical Catechljm.

Chri'som. ti.f. [See Chrism.] Achild
that dies within a month after it» birth.
So called from the chrifom-cloth, a cloth
anointed with holy unguent, which the
children anciently wore till they were
chriftened.

When the convullions were but few, the number
of cir'iJbirtinA infants was greater.

Graunt'i BitU of Mortality*

7«i Chri'sten. v. a. [chjiij-cnian. Sax.]
1. To baptize ; to initiate into chrilUani-
■ ty by water.
z. To name ; to denominate.

Wiicre fuch evils 4S tliefc reign, chnjien the thing
what you will, it can be no better than a mock
millenulum. Bumti.

Chri'stendom. n.f. [from Chrijl and
tlom.] The coUeftive body of chriftiani-
ty ; the regions of which the inhabitants
profeis the chriilian religion.

What hath been don**, the parts of cirijlend'im
moil alh;dtcd CJQ bcfl ti.'iif^. llookir.

And ol Jrr ao'l a letter joldicr, none
That clrtfltfuiam givci out. SlokeJ^tare.

His compuutioD j< univerfally received over all
chrifiendiim^ » Ihldir en Time.

Chrx's TENiNG. >!./. [from the verb.]
The ceremony of the firll initiation Into
chriiHanity.

The queen was with great folcmnity crowned
91 Weftminftcr, ab'Jut two jcars after the marriage j
. like an old chrj/lcning that had ftaid long for god-
fathers. Bjiin.

We (hail infert the caufcs why the account of
tbrijitmngt hath been neglected more than tliat ol
barials. Grauni.

The day oRthe chriftimttg being come, the houfe
wti fiUcii with goflipi. ylihuthmt and Pipe.

CHRI'STIAN. «."/ [Cbrifliams, Lat.]
A profeflbr of the religion of Chrift.

We. rl'rijiitini have certainly the bell and the
hortett, the wiled and niojl teafonablc, rclifiion in
the worid. lilUtfan.

C H R I's T I A N . adj. Profefllng the religion
of Chrift.

I'll not be made a fjft and dull-eyed fool,
To Ihake the head, relent, and figh, and yield
To cbrijiian interceifors. Shak.Jfeare.

Christian-name. »./ The name given
at the font, diftinft from the gentilitious
name, or furname.

C H R I 's T I A N I s M . n, f. \_chrijlianifmus ,
Lat.]

1. The chriftian religion.

2. The nations profeffing chrlftianlty.
Christi a'n iTv.B.yi [rA;<?//>«ff, French.]

The religion of chrilHans.

God doth will that couples, which are married,

both infidels, if either party be converted into chrij-

tiartify, this Ihoutd not raake feparation. Jiiakcr.

Everyone, who lives in the habitual praflicc of

any voluntary fin, cuts himfelf off from ckrijiiiinity,

Mdifin.

To Ch Ri'sTi ANizE. "v. a. [from chrij-
tian.] To make chriftian ; to convert to
chriftianity.

The principles of Platonick pliilofophy, as it
is now chriftianixtd. Drydcn.

Chri'stiani.y. adv. [from chriftian.^
Like a chriilian ; as becomes one who
profcffes the holy religion of Chrilh

Ch Ri'sTMAS. n.f. [from Chujl a.ndmafs.]
The day on which the nativity cf our
blelFed Saviour is celebrated, by the
particular fervice of the church.

Christmas-box. n.f. [from chrijimai
and box.'\ A box in wluch little prefents
are coUefted at Chriilmas.

When time comes round, a Chrifmas-btx they
bear.
And one day makes them rich for all the year.

Gay*! Tri'uia.

Christmas-flower, n.f. Hellebore.

Ch rist's-thorn, n.f. [So called, as
Skinner fancies; becaufe the thorns have
fome likenefs to a crofs.] A plant.

It hath l;)r.g Iharp fpines : the flower has five
leaves*, in fi>rm of a rofe : out of the flower-cup,
which is divided into feveral figments, rifes the
pointal, which becomes a fruit, fiiapcd like a bon-
net, ha\ing -a flieil almoft jlohul.ir, which is di-
vided into three cells, in rath of which is con-
tained a roondilh feed. This is by many pcrfons
fuppofed to be the plant from which our Savinur'i
crown of thcjrns was cjmpofed. Miller.

Chroma'tick. adj. [;^;j4;/*«, colour.]

1. Relating to colour.

1 am now come to the third part of painting,
which is called the clrnr.aitik, or colouring.

Drvdcni Vufrefncy.

2. Relating to a certain fpecics of aiicicin
mufick, now unknown.

It was obfcTved, he never touched his lyre in

fuch a truly ctnmalict and enhiirmonick ni inijrr.

jirhuihnot and Fi.fe.

Chro'nicaI-. 7 ,. re ' ..•_ 1

Chko'mck. V'J- [fron.;c5-<.ttme.]

A chrcnicel diiVi-mpcr is of Icnsth } as dropfir<.
afthmis, and t!io iilce. " iiluin.y.

Of difeafcs fome are ehnmcal, and of long du-
ration ; as quananc agues, fcurvy, wherein «c
defer the cure unto more advanlag-ous feafons.

BriiTvn'l l^itlgnr Evriur^.

The lady's ufe of thefc t-xcellencies is to divert
the old m jn when he is out of the pangs of a chn-
nical diftcmper. .S^f,-7,i/or.

CHRO'NICLE. n.f lchroniq;e, Fr. from

X^o»^, time.]
I . A regifter or account of events ia order
. of time.

No more yet of this ;
For 'tis a chytnicU of day by day.
Not a relation for a breakfaft. Sbattfpiare.

2. A hiftory.

You lean too confidently on thofe IriiTi chronicles,
which ate moft fabulous and forged.

Spenfer en Ireland.
If from the field I Ihould return once more,
I and my fword will earn my chronicle.

Shakcfpeore''s Anteny and Cleopatra.
I am traduc'd by tongues, wluch neither know
My faculties nor perfon, yet will be
The chronicles of my doing. Shakefpeare,

I give up to hiftorians the generals anu heroes
which crowd their annals, together with thofe
which you are to produce for the Biitilh chronicle.

Vrydcn.

To Chro'mcle. 1'. a, [from the noun.]

1. To record in chronicle, or hiftory.

This to rehearfc, flioulJ rather be to chrcnide
times than to fearch into reformation of abui'es in
that realm. ' Sfenfcr.

2. To regifter; to record.

For now the Devil, thjt told me I did well,
Says that this deed is chronicled in hell.' Shakejp.

I.ovc is your maftei-, for he niafters you :
And he that is fn yoked by a fool,
Methinks, (hoiild not be chrcnicled for wife. Fhak.

I (hall be the jcft of t'le town ; nay, in two days
lexpefl to be chronicled in ditty, and fung in woe-
ful ballad. Congrcve,
Chro'nicler. n.f. [from chronicle.]
I. A writer of chronicles ; a recorder of
events in order of time.

Here gathering chroniclers, and by them ftand
Giddy fantalHck poets of c.ich land. Donne.

z. A hiftorian ; one that keeps up the me-
mory of things paft.

I do herein rely upon thcfe bards, or Irifli cbro-

fiiclers, Sptnjcr.

This cuftom was held by the druids and bards

of our ancient Britons, and of latter times by the

Irirti chroniclers, called rimers.

. Raleigh's Hiftory of the World.

Chro'nogram. n.f. [j(;fo»®-, time, and
ypxtpu, to write.] An inlcriptiou includ-
ing the date of any aftion.

Of this kind the following is an ex-
ample :
Gloria laufque Deo (xCLorfM in (xcVH funto.
A cbronogramnjatical verfe, which includes not
only th's year, i66o, butnumcrical letters enough
to leacli above a thoufand years further, until the
year 2^67. Ho^uel

Ch RONOG-R amm a'tic AL. atl/. -'[from
c/hroriogrc!/,i.] Belonging to a chrono-
gram. See the laft example.

kCh RONOGR a'mM ATIST.S./ [ft Om -fArff.'

negram.] A writer of chronograms.

Then- ate foreign univerfities, where, as you
praife a man in England for being an excellent
philofopher or poet, it is an ordinary character to
be a great chronogrammatijl. Addil-r:.

Chrono'loger. n.f. [jf^w^, time, and
Xoy©-, doftrinc.] He th,it ftudies or ex-
plains the fcience of computing paft
time, or of ranging paft events accord-
ing to their proper years.

Chrtiiot.vtn differ among themfelies about moft
great epoclias. Holder on Time.

Chronolo'gical. adj. [from chronolo-
gy.] Relating to the doflrine of time.

Thus much Ijuchin^ the chronologicul adcjunt
of iouic times aud thing5 paft, without ccnfijiing
mylelf to tlie exadncfa of years.

Hale's Origin of Manilnd,

Chbokolo'cicali-v. adv. [from chro-
nological.] In a clironological manner ;
according to the laws or rules of chro-
R r 2 nology .

C H U

C H U

C H U

nology ; according to the exafl ferlet of
time.
Chrono'locist. »./ [See Chronolo-
OBR.] One that ftudies or explains
time ; one that ranges paft events ac-
cording to the crdsr of time ; a chrono-
loger.

According to tbefo cinnclegiftt, the prophecy of
the Rabin, that the world Ihould laft but Cx t!iou-
\fond years, has been long difprovcJ.

BrbVin*! Vulgar Errouri,

All that learned noife and duft of the chmn'JogiJi

is wholly to be aTQided. Loeke m EducatKit,

Chrono'logy. n. /. [yj^it^, time, and
^iiy®-, doftrine.] The fcience of com-
puting and adjufting the periods of time;
as the revolution of the fun and moon ;
and of computing time part, and refer-
ring each event to the proper year.

And the mcatare of the year not being fa per-
feAly known to the ancients, rend-red it wry dif-
ficult for them to tranfmit a true ctrmclogj to
fucceeding a^es. Hcljer on lime,

Where 1 allude to the cuftoms of the Greeks,
1 believe J may be juAlAed by the ftrtdtefl cbrfn-3-
Iff J ; th jugh a poet is not obliged te the rules that
confine an hiA-)rian. Prior,

Chrono'meter. n.f. [>J53»^ and fteV^o*.]
An inflrument for the exaft menl'ura-
tion of time.

Accuidii'.g to obfcrvation made with a pemiu-
lum cbrttimMer, a bullet, at its firll d. (charge, flics
five hundred and ten yards in five half Icconds.

Dirkam,

Chry'salis. n.f. [from p^e^y®-, gold, be-
caufe of the golden colour in the nym-
phje of fome infefts.] A terfti ufed by
fome naturalifls for aurelia, or the firft
apparent change of the maggot of any
fpecies of infedts. . Chambers.

Chry'solite. n.f. [j^ber©-, gold, and
>ii9®-, a ftone. ] A precious ilone of a
duflty green, with a call of yellow.

Wood'ward.
Such another world,
Of one intice and perfefl ihryjdite,
I'd not have f ild her for. Shakiheare.

If metal, part ftcm gold, part filver clear:
If ftone, carbuncle moft, or chryfMa.

MUtin'i PargdifeLcJi.

Chryso'pr ASUS. »./ [;^;i!.'ji&-, gold, and
prafinus, green.] A precious (tone of a
yellow colour, approaching tq green.

The ninth a topa*, the tenth a Urjfo^rafu!. Rev.

CHUB. ». / [from cop, a great head.
Skinner.'] A river fifli. The cheviii.

The cLut is in prime from Midmay to Candle-
mas, but bell in winter. He is full offmalj bones;
he eats watcrilh ; not firm, but limp and nftelefs :
neverthelcft he may be fo drelTed .is to make him
very good meat. ffai'tan'i Ar.gle'r.

Chu'bbed. adj. [from chub.'] Big-headed
like a chub.

To CHUCK, v. n. [A word probably
formed in imitation of the found that it
expreffes ; or perhaps corrupted from
thick.] To make a noife like a hen
when (he calls her chickens.

To Chuck. i'. a.

I. To call as a hen calls her young.

Then crowing cljfp'd his wingi, tli' appointed
call
To ehuci his wives together in the hall. DryJ.Fal.

Z. To give a gentle blow under the chin,
fo as to make the mouth iltike together.
4

Come, thuck the Infant ondtr the thin, force a
fmile, and cry. Ah, the boy takes after hU mo-
ther's relations. CMgrevi.

Chuck, n.f. [from the verb.]

1. The voice of a hen.

He made the etuei four or five times, that peo-
ple ufe to make to chickens when they call them.

Temple.

2. A word of endearment, corrupted from
chicken or chick.

Come, yoarproniife. What promife, cbncit

Shahfpeari.

3. A fudden fmall noife.

Chuck-farthing, n.f. [chuck a.ni far-
thing.] A play, at whieh the money falls
with a chuck into the hole beneath.

He loft his money at thjck-farlb'.Kg., Ih'ifflc.cap,
and all-fours. Arhiithmi't Hijiory of John Bull.

To Chu'ckle. -v. ». [fchaecken, Dut.] To
laugh vehemently ; to laugh convul-
fively.

What talc Ihall I to my old father t^ll >
'Twill make him chuckle thou 'rt bcftow'd fo well.

Drydtn.
She to intrigues was e'en harJ-hearted;
She ehuikled when a bawd was caited. Prkr.

To Chu'ckle. -k. a. [from chuck.]

1 . To call as a hen.

I am not fjr from the women's apartmenr, I am
fure ; and if thefe birds arc within diftance, here's
that will chuckle 'em together. JDryJen.

2. To cocker ; to fondle.

■ Your ccnfefiur, that parcel of holy guts and
garbidge J he mull chuckle you, and moan you.

Drydtn i Spemjh Vriar,

Chu'et n.f. [probably from To che'iv.]
-An old word, as it fcems, for forced
meat.

As for chiiett, which are likewife minced meat,
inftead of buttt-r and fat, it were good to moillen
them partly with cream, or almond or piftachio
milk. Bacon's Nal-ural Hijlory.

CHUFF, n.f. [A word of uncertain de-
rivation ; perhaps corrupted from chub,
or derived from kv.f, Welfh, a ftock.]
A coarfe, fat-headed, blunt clown.

Hang ye, gurbelliej knaves, are you undone?
No, ye fjt chuffs, I would your ftorc wt'e htrc.

^haitjpeare.

A lefs generous chuff than this in tl.e fable,
would have hugged his bags to the laft. L'KJIr.

Cho'ffilv. ad-v. [from chuffy.] Surlilyj
ftomachfuUy.

John anfwered cbuffly. Clari[p>.

Chu'ffiness. n.f. [iromchuffy.] Clown-
iflinefs ; furlineis.

Chu'ffy.a^'. \_hom chuff.] Blunt; fur-
ly; fat.

Chum. n.f. [chcm, Armorick, to live to-
gether.] A chamber fellow: a term
ufed in the univerfities.

Chumi>. ». / A thick heavy piece of
wood, lefs than a block.

When one is battered, they can quickly, of a
chump of wood, accommodate thcmfeives with an-
other. M-.xon.

CHURCH. ;;./. [cijic*. Sax. Kt-?.««i.]

1. The colledlive body of chriflians, ufual-
ly termed the catholick church.

The church, being a 'fupcrnitural foricf)', doth
differ from natural Ibcicties in this; that the pcr-
fons unto whom we alTociate ourfelves in the one,
are men, fimply confidercd as men ; but they to
whom we be joined In the other, arc God, angeh,
and holy men. H»ker.

2. The body of chriflians adhering to one
particular opinion, or form of worlhip.

The church is a religious artembly, or the large
fair building where they meet; and fometimcr
the fame word means a fynod of bilhopi, or nf
preihyters ; anl in fome placet it \> the pope aiid a
general council. fTaiti'i Lspck,

3, The place which chriftians confecrate^to
the worftup of God.

It comprehends the whole church, viz. the naiue
Or body of the church, together with the chancel^
which is even included under the word church.

Ajlffe'% Partrgm.

That churches were confccrated unto none but
the Lord only, the very general name chiefly doth
fvifliciently fhew : church doth fignify no other
thing than the Lord's houfe. Hxker.

Tho' you unty the winds, and let them fight
Againft the churches. Shakejfeare.

4. It is ufed frequently in conjun£Uoit
with other words ; as church-member, the
roemter of a church ; church-poiuer, fpi-
ritual or eccleliaftical authority.

To Church, -v. a, [from the noun.] To
perform with any one the office of re-
turning thanks in the church after any
fignal deliverance, as from the danger
of childbirth.

Church-ale. n.f. [from church and
ale.] A wake, or feaft, commemoratory
of the dedication of the church.

Fdr the cbarrh-ale, two young men of the paridi
are yearly chofen to be wardens, who make collec-
tion 'among the parifhiunciS of what provilion it
picafeih ll-.cm to bc.lov.-. Carcio.

Church-attire. I n. yT The habit in
which rneti officiate at divine fervice, '

Th-*fe and fuch like were their difcourfes,
tou' ' that church-attire, wh'ch v/.th us, for tU
in ■I'Sa.t, is ufedln publiciv prayer. Hooker,

Chu rch-authority. n.f. Ecdefiafti-
cal power ; fpiritual jurifditlbn.

In this point of church-eulhority, 1 Mve lifted all
the little fcraps alleged. ' Aitirlury.

Church-buria !,. n.f. Burial accord-
ing to the rites of the church.

The bilhop has the care of feeing that all chrif-
tians, after their deaths, be not dcilied chitich-
burial, according to the ufage and ciiftom of the
place. Aylffe's Parcrgorl.

Church-founder, n.f. He that builds
or endows a church.

Wliether einperors or biftinps in thbfi days were

thurcb-funders, the folei^n dedication of churcltes

they thought not to be a work in itfelf either vain

or fupcrftitious. Haokfri

Churchman. »./ [church Tini. man.]

1 . An ecclefiaftick ; a clergyman ; one
that minifters in facred things.

If any thing be offered to you touching the
church and cburcb-'men, or church-governmtrnt,
rely not only upon yourfelf. Baqon.

A very difficult work to do, to reform .ind re-
du<:e a church into Order, that had been fo long
negleftcd, and that was fo ill filleJ,by many weak
and more wilful cburchmen, Clireiidoti,

Patience in want, and poverty of mind,
Thefe marks ijt church and churchmen he defign'd,
And living Caught, and dying left behind.

Drydin'i Fables.

2. An adherent to the church of England.

Church-wardens, n.f. [See War-
den.] Officers yearly chofen, by the
confent of the niinifter and parilhioners,
according to the cuftom of each pl.ice,
to look to the church, church-yard, and
fuch things as belong to both ; and to
obferve the behaviour of the parilhion-
ers, for fuch faults as appertain to the
jurifdidion or cenfure of the ecclefiaf-

tical

C H U

tical court. They are i kind of corpo •

ration, enabled by law to fue for any

thing belonging to their church, or poor

■ of their pariih. Ctmiell.

There Ci mid like«>(e charch-ivartUm, of the
graveft men in the psrilh, be appointed, as they be
here in iinj^iand. Sperfer,

Our churcb-ivardens
Feaft on the Clyer, and give us the farthings; Gay.
Churchyard. ».y; The ground adjoin-
ing to the church, in which the dead
are buried ; a cemetery.

I am almolt afraid to iHnd alone
Bfre in \iit,(i»urihyerd, yet 1 will adventure.

In churcByardt where they bury much, the earth
wifl confume the corps in ftr shorter time tKan
other earth *ill. ' BMtcn.

No place fo faercj from fnch fops isTjarr'd )
Nor is Paul's church more fafe tlan Paul's.iarci'-

- y-'J- Peff.

CHURL, a. / [ceonl," Sax. carl, in Ger-
man, is ftrohg, ruliicks being always
obferved to be flrong bodied.]

1. A rurtick; a countryman; a labourer.

He hordetS himfelf a gcr.tlcinah, and fcoriieth
to Work or'<ifc any hard labour, which he faith is
the lifjp of a ptefant or churl.

^ . ' Spm/er's Statt of Inland.

One of the bafer fort, which they call clur/s,
being rcpraved tor his oath, anfwered conJidentJy,
tiiat bis lord cpraiisandcd hirn.

ifenfir'sSlati^Irclaiid.

Churl, iipoh thy eyes I throw

AW tire power tiiis charm doth owe. Sbahfffare.-

From thh light caiilfe th' infernal maid prepares

The country d/uVh to mifchief, hate, and wars.

' ■ « ■!'• , . ... Drydcn.

2. A rude, fijrly, ill-bred man.

A cburl'i, couriefy rarely comes, but either for
gain Or falfjhood, Sidney.

3. Amifer; a niggard ; a felfilh or greedy
wretch.

Poifon, I fee, bafh been his timelefs end !
0 churl, drink all, and leave no friendly drop
To help mc after ! Shaktffcare.

Chu RLI3H. aJj. [irom chttrl.'\
I. Rude; brutal; harih ; aultere ; four;
mercilefs ; unkind ; uncivil.

A fca of .Tjelting pearl, which fome call tears,
Tiiol'e at her father's churlijh feet flic trndcr'd.

Sbakejfctrt.
The interruption of their churhfi drums
Cuts off more i.ircumflance j they are at hand
To pafiy, or to fight. iibnki\b,arc.

A lion in love «*lth a laft, defired her lather's
confent. The anfwer was churlijh enough : Hc'<i
never marry his daughter to a brute. VEftrmt'.
He the purfuit oi ikt/rlijh beafts
Prefcrr'd to (lerping cm her brcaft;. pyalUr.

2. Selfifli ; avaricious.

The man vm chxrlifr and evil in his doings.

«. . ' Samud.

This fuilcn tburUJh thief
Had all his mind pUc'd upun Muilv's beef. Kinr.

3. [Of things.] Unpliant; crofs-grained";
unmanageable ; harlh ; not yielding.

^,j If there be emilTion of fbiiit, the body of the
awtal will be hard and cbvrViJb. Bactm'i Nat. Ilijl.

The Cornifh wcr: become, like metal olteri
fired and qjcnched, ihurlijh, and that would fooner
break than bow. Bacon'i Henry Vll.

In the handreJs ef EITex they have a vciy cbur-
lijhh\ ue clay. M^iimo-; Hujhandr.y.

4. Vexatious; obftruflive.

■Will you a^ain unknit
This churlijh knot of all abhorred war ? Siahfp.
Spain fo'ind the war fo cburlijh and longfome, a-
they found they fhould confume therofclvcs in an
• endlcfi war. c^.

Spreads a path clear as the day,
Where no clurlijh rub fays nay. Crajktiv

C H Y

Chu'rlishly. ati-v^ ^IftoSL clmHiJh.\
• Rudely ; brutally. . ' .

To the oak, nolv regnant, the oiivo iMchurliJhly
■■ put over tlie fon ftf a.ijewatil of the fcrvi&e of his
^'■«-, - , ' Hc-uicl.

.Chi; rlishnejs

C 1 c

*. / [tfotn- (hui-fi^j ;

cyjihj-aiq-pe, Saxon.]- Brotafity; vng-
gednefs of maiiher. , '' ' ■"■ ':'■ -

I ■ Btoer is tht ihutlifirsfi of attian tliWa ctnir-

(eous woman. ■ Ecclut. Hii. 14.

In the charMpnth of fortune, a poor honeft man

fuffers in this world. VEpangc.

Chvrme. »./ [more properly chirm,
from the Saxon cyjime, a clamour or
noife ; as to chirre is to coo as a turtle.]

[ A confufed found ; a noife.

; He was conveyed to the Tower, with the churme
of a thoufand taunts .ind reproaches. Bmon.

CHURN, it./, [properly chem, from ktm,
Dutch ; cejiene. Sax.] The veffel in
which the butter is, fay long and vio-
lent agitation, coagulated and feparated
from the ferous part of the milk.

Her aukward. fill did pe'er tipploy the clfura.-
^ G:ii'i Pajijrah.

,7o.Chuiim..v. a. [>f«'««;i Dutch.] .;'
. To agitate or ftiakc any thing by a vio-
lent motipti.

Perchance he fpdke not ; but
Like a fuU-acorn'd boar,.a churning on,
^'''^^ Ob. i Shchfpeare.

froth fills his, chaps; he fends a iri;ntiiu- fnund,
And part he civijj, _an4 pattbef- md.

'''■,, . ' . . iden.

CBurred in'his teeth tfie foiiiiy vcao.ij tofc.
• . '. . •: ''iHckfilf,,,.

The mtchanifm- of nature, in coirveninj iir
aliment, Confirts in mi«ing with it inim.il juiocs,
and in the aftioa uf the folid pajts, durning tiicnj
toget]:er. . Jrbutbnol on Mimcnli.

To irtakft butter by agitating thp milk.

The cbifriijiig of mi\k.bringet)> fojth bbtA^.

■' • ■', •. ' -•■>J '' ' •■■PMfris.

You may try the fores. pP imiginatioa, upjn
ftayiilg the coming of butter afier rlie liurn/nf:.

Bacm'i Natural Uijhty.

Chu'rrworm. »./ [fromo'fifian, SaV.]
An infeft that turns about nimbly;
called .ilfo a fancricket.

Siinjier. Phillip

To Chuse. See 7i) Choose.
Chyla'ceoits. ^<y. '[from; i:4i>/«.]r Be-
longing to chyle ; eo/ififti^ngpf chyle.

Wncn the fpirits of die cbyic hjve half fcr-
meHtcd the chylacuius mats, it has the ftate of
drink not ripened by fermentation.
^,.,,,. „ Fhycr on rh,- Hurtiiurs.

CHYLE. »./ [r-'^®-.] The white juice
formed in the flomach' by digcftioii'of
the aliment, and afterwards changed
into bload.

This powerful ferment, mingling with the parts.
The levcn'd mafs tu milky cbyk cohverts.

_, . Blacimtre.

the chyle cinnot pafs through the fmalleft
"'"■"=*«■ Arbulhnot.

Chylipa'ction. n.f. [homchyle.] The
aft or procefs of making- chyle in the
body. ' "

Drinking cxcefTivdy during the time of chyli-
fcllhn, ftops perfpiratinn. ArhithiM in Mmnt:.

Chylipa'ctive. ffrt)'. yUomchylu!, and
facio, to make, Lat.] Having the power
of making chyle.

Chylopoe'tick. adj. [x^^®- and^ro.-V]
Having the power, or the office, of form-
ing chyle.

i

According to tfhe force of tVtfhykpaetkk organs^

more or Icls chyle may Be cxtrafted from the fame

^ *=>'"*; yirbutkna.

Chy LOUS. adj. [from chyle.-\ Confifling

of chyle; p.irtaking of chyle.

Milk is the chykui pait of an animal, already

Chy MiCAL. 7 ,. r'l
Ch.y'mi ex. I ''^J- Uh.»>t<^!'i latin.]
U Made by chymiftry.
■nrl'-'^ tif"'! with waiting for thlt chyinkk gold.
Which fools us young, and beggars us when old. '
™, ... Drydcn.

The medicines are ranged in boxes, according
to their natures, whether chymHal or Galenical pre-
F^I"',"'".- Wan..

2. . Kelating to chymiftry.

Methinlcs already, from this chymick flame,
i fee a city -of more precious mold. Dryden.

With chymkk art txalts the min'ral pow'rs,
Ai)d diaws the aromatick. fouls of flow'rs. Pspe:

Chy Mic.,«.y; A chymift. Obfolete. .

The ancients obferving in that material a kind

or metallical nature, fecm to have refolved it into

n.i)Wer ufc : an aft now utterly loft, or perchance

kept up by a few chymicu mum.

Lhy MfCAXLY. adv. [from chyjuical.} In

a chymical manner.
CHY'MIST. n.f [See Chymistry.]
A profeflor of chymiftiy ; a philofopher
by lire.

The flarving chymift, in his golden views
Supi-emely blert. p,^,-, Effay ,n Man.

C H Y M I ST R Y. «./ [derived by fome from

^CVft.©-, juice. Of xva, toinelt ; by othcr^

from an oriental y/ord, kema, black. Ac-

• cording to the fuppdfed etyhiology, it i»

written with j or «■.]

.An .art whereby fcnlible bodies contained -m
veffe.s, or capable of being cojitained therein, are
lo changed by wans of certain inliruracnts, and
pnocjpaUv fire, that their levcral powers and vir-
tues are thereby difcovered, with a view to^)hiio-
...fophy or medicine. . Bocrhaa-ue.

. . . Wpi^rations of riy«j/?ry,fall ^ott of vital force e
no chymift can make milk or blood of grafs.
„ , " '■ ,. : '. ^rtutbv.ot on yi/imenn.

t,iflA RlofS. adj. [tiiarius, Lat. from,
cdus, food.] Relating to food ; ufeful
for food; edible.
Ci'eoL. «.j: [ciboule, Fr.] A fmall fort
of onion ufed in lali.ids. This word is
common in the Scotch dialed ; but the
/ is not pronounced.
CWc^k*, or fcallions, are a kind of de«ner.ite

CrCATRICE. 7 , , ^'"■'■■'""'

CrCATRIX. I "'J- \."'""-ix, Latin.

1. I'he fciir remaining after a wound

One captain Spurio, wuh Jiis ./«»,;«, an em-
blem of war, here on bis fmiftcr cheek. Shairft.

2. A mark; an impieffion : fo ufed by
ahakej'pcare Icfs properly. '

I..ean but vipi.n a rufh,
.The Cicatrice and capable impreirure
Thy palm fome moments keeps. Shahfpmre.

CiCATRi'sANT. n.f. [from cicatru-cA An
^ application that induces a cicatrice
Cic ATR I's. VL. «d>. [from«<^/r/r^.] Hav-
ing the qualities proper to induce a ci.
catrice. "

I. 1 he art ot healing the wound. '

A vciu burfled, or corroded in the lun^s. is
looked upon to be for the molt part incufable
bccaufeo. the motion and coughing of the lungs'
tearing the gap wider, and hindering the con.lu!'
tinauon and cu;<ur,MU,n of the vein. HaXcy.

2. The

C I L

2. The (late of being healed, or fkinned
over.

The firft ftage of heajing, or the difcharge of
matter, i» called digcftion : the fccond, or the fill-
ing up with fle(h, incarnation j and the laft, or
(kinning over, eicatrixaihn, Starf's Surgery.

To Ci'cATRizE, -v. a. [from cicatrix.)

1. To apply fudi medicines to wounds,
or ulcers, as heal and fkin them over.

^incy.

2. To heal and induce the flciii over a fore.

We incarned, and in a few ilavs cidUr'aud it
with a fmooth cicatrijc. fVifinan on Tumcurs.

Ci'cELY./r./ [myrrhis."] A fort of herb.

Cichora'ceous. adj. [from cichorium,
Lat.] Having the qualities of fuccory.

Dlureticks evacuate the fjlt ferum ; as all acid
diureticks, and the teftaceous and bitter cichwa-
tcMi plants. f/cjo-.

Cich'-pease. »./. \cicer.'\ A plant.

To CrCURATE. 'V. a. [cicuro, Lat.] To
tame ; to reclaim from wildnefs } to
make tame and tradable.

Poifons may yet retain £bme portion of their
natures J yet arc fo refrafted, ckuratcj, and fub-
ducd, as not to make good their dellruflivc ma-
lignities. Brmvni yulgar Emurs.

Cicura'tion. n.f. [from cicurate.'] The
aft of taming or reclaiming,irom wild-
nefs.

This holds not only in domeftick and manfucte
birds, for tlien it mitrht be the ert'eft n( cicuialkr:

. or inftitution; but in the wild. Ray en tbi Crcatkit.

CITDER. n.f. [cidre, Yl.fidra, ll^.f^ra,
Lat. o-ix/ja, .^^I:^]

J . All kind of ftrong liquors, except wine.
This fenfe is now wholly obfolete.

2. Liquor made of the juice of fruits
preffed.

We had alfo drink, wholefome and good wine

of the grape, a kind of cider made of a fruit nf that

' country ; a wonderful picafing and rcfrefliing

3. The juice of apples exprefl'ed and fer-
mented. This is now the fenfe.

To the utmoft bounds of thii
Wide univcrfe Silurian cider born,
• Shall pleafe all taftes, and triumph o'er the vme.

Philifi.

Ci'derist. k./. [from ciiier.] A maker
of cider.

When the cidtrifls have taken care for the bcft
fruit, and ordered them after the bell manner they
could, yet hath their cider generally proved pale,
fliarp, and ill tafted. Morlimcr.

Ci'derkin. n./ [from oV^r.]

A low word ufcd f >r the liq'jor made of the murk
orgrofs matter of apples, after the cider is prellcd
out, and a convenient quantity of boiled water
Atlded to it; the whole infufmg for about forty-
eight hour». Pti/lif I'l IVerld of ff^ords.

Cidtrkin is made for common dtioking, and fup-
' plicj the place of fmall beer. M»rlimir.

CiELiMO. n.f. SeeCtiLiNo.

CIERGE. n. f. [French.] A candle car-
ried in proceffions.

Ci'liary. culj. [cilium, L.it.] Belonging
to the eyelids.

The ciliary procefl' s, or rather the ligaments,
oVfcivtJ in the infidc of the fcletotick tuniclet of
the eye, do ferve inlleaj of a miifcle, by the con-
ttaflion, to alter the figure of the eye.

Ray on the Creat'tta,
CiLi'cious. adj. [fjom cilidum, hair^
cloth, Lat.] Made of hair.

A garment of camel's hair, that is, made of
fame texture of that hair ; a coaric f arment, a
cilicitut or facLdoth habit, fuitabie to the aufleritv
•f his lilc. Smvjt'i I'lilgJr Errturs.

I

G I N

Cima'r. SeeSiMAR.

Cl M e'l I A R C H , ». /. [from K«l/*ljXl«f;^{.]

The chief keeper of plate, veftments,
and things of value, belonging to a
church ; a church-warden. Dia.

Ci'meter. n. f. [cimitarra. Span, and
Portug. from chimeteir, Turkiih. Blu-
teait's Portugue/e Diaionary.l A fort of
fword ufed by the Turks, fliort, heavy,
and recurvated, or bent backward. This
word is fometimes erroneoufly fpelty?/-
mitar, nvti fcymiter ; as in the following
examples.

By Ms frimiiar.
That flew the fophy and a Pcrfian prince,
That won three fields of fultan Solyman. Shaieff.

Our armours now may ruft, our idleyryiriVrrj
Hang by our fides for ornament, not ufe. Drydcn.
Ci'ncture. n.f. [cinaura, L.at.]

1. Something worn round the body.

Now happy he, whofe cloak and cinBiire
Hold out this tempeft. Sbakefpeare.

Columbus found th' American fo girt
With feather'd cinSure, naked elfe, and wild.

Milieu.

He binds the facred ciiteiure round his breaft.

2. An indofure.

The court and prifun being within the cinHure
of one wall. Bacon's H.>iry VII.

3. [In architeflure.] A ring or lift at the
top and bottom of the Ihaft of a column ;
feparatingthe ftiaft at one end from the
bafe, at the other from the capital. It is
fuppofed to be in imitation of the girths
or ferrils anciently ufed to ftrengthen
and preferve the primitive wood co-
lumns. Chambers.

Cl'NDER. n.f. \ceindre, Fr. from cineres,
Lat.]

1 . A mafs ignited and quenched, without
being reduced to alhes.

1 Ihould make veiy forges of my cheeks,
Th.it wo'.ild to cinders burn up modelly.
Did but I ("peak thy deeds ! Shakrfbeare.

There is in fmiths cinders, by fomc adhefion of
iron, Ibmetimes to be found a magnetical opera-
tion. Broivii.

So fnow on ^tna does unmelted lie,
Whofe rolling flames and fcatter'd cirjen fly.

ffaller.

2. A hot coal that has ceafed to flame.

If from adown the hcpcful chops
The fat upon a cinder drops.
To ilinkin;^ fmoke if turns the flame. Svvif:.
CiN DER-WENCH. 7«./. [cinder And null-
Cl N D E R-wo MAN. J »«;!».] A Woman whofe
trade is to rake in heaps of alhes for
cinders.

'Tis under fo much nafty ruhbifh laid,
To find it out 's the cindcr-<wcman's traniv,

Effay en Satire.
She had above five hundred fuits of fine cloaais,
and yet went abroad like a cinder-'wench.

jirhuthxct'i Hiftory of John Bull.
In the black form of cinder-toencb Ihc came,
Vfheii love, the hour, the p(acc lia4 banifh'd
lliime. Gay-

emfiRATfON ti.f [from cinere!,Lzu]
The redudlion of any thing by fire to
alhes. A term of chymiftry.
Cineri't jous, adj. [cineridu!, Lat.]
■ Having the form or ftate of afhes.

Tlie nerves arife from tlic glands of tlie cineri-
tious part of the brain, and are terminated in all
parts 0 the body. ' ' Chcyne.

Cinb'rulent, adj. [from cinerts, Lat.]
fullofaOies. . '■ Dia.

C I o

Ci'ngle. n.f. [from cingulum, Lat.] A
girth for a horfe. DiB.

Ci'nnabar. n.f. \cinnabarisy Lat.] Cin-
nabar is native or faftitious; the fafU-
tious cinnabar is called vermilion.

Cinnabar is the ore out of which quickfilver is
drawn, and confiOs partly of a mercarial, and
partly of a fulphurco-ochreous matter.

Wcxd-ward's Met. Tofftls.
The particles of mercury uniting with the par-
ticles oi fulphur, compofe cinnabar, Ncivion'i Opt.

Cinnabar of Antimony, is made of mer-
cury, fulphur, and crude antimony.

Cl'NNAMON.».yr \cinnamomum, Lat.]The
fragrant bark of a low tree in the ifland
of Ceylon. Its leaves refemblc thofe of
the olive, both as to fubftance and co-
lour. The fruit refembles an acorn or
olive, and has neither the fmell nor taftc
of the bark. When boiled in water, it
yields an oil, which, as it cools and
hardens, becomes as firm and white as
tallow ; the fmell of which is agreeable
in candles. The cinnamon of the aa-
cients was different from ours. Chamb.

Let Araby extol her happy coaft
Her cinnamon and fweet amumum boaft. '

Drydtn's Fables.

Cinnamon Water is made by diftilling
the bark, firft infufed in barley waiter,
in fpirit of wine or white wine. Chamb.

CIN^E. n.f [French.] A five. It is
ufed in games alone ; but is often com-
pounded with other words.

Cinque-foil. n.f. {cinque feuille, Fr.J
A kind of five-leaved clover.

Cinque-pace.;?./ [cinque pas, Vt-I A
kind of grave dance.

Wooing, wedding, and repenting, is a Scotch
jig, a meafure, and a cinqve-face. The fiirt fuit is
hot and hafty, like a Scotch jig, and full as fan-
tallical; the wedding, mannerly and modeft, as a
meafurcfuii of ftatc and gravity; and then comes
repentance, and, with bis bad legs, falls into the
cirjue-face fafter and fader, till he finks into his
grave. Shakefpeare.

CiN quE-PORTS. n.f. [cinque ports, Fr.]

Thole havens that lie towards France, and
therefore have been thought Yy our kings to be
. fuch as ought molV vigilantly to be obferved againft
inyafi )n. In which rcfpeii, the places wliere tbey
arc have a fpecial govemour or keeper, called by
his ofEce Lord Warden of the cin-jue pons ; and
divers privileges granted to them, as a particular
jurifdidion ; their warden having the authority of
an admiral among them, and fending out writs in
bis own name. The cinjue ports are Dover, Sand.
w;ch, R;e, Haftin;}3, Winchelfea, Rumney, and
Hitbe ; forae of which, as the number exceeds
five, muft either be added to the firft inftitution
by fo.ne later grant, or accounted as appendants
to I'oine of the rell. CawelU

They, that bear
The cloth of ftatc above her, arc four barons
Of the W/Tjuf/iCT-ifj. atakekeare.

C I N <^ E -s po T T E D .(T<^'. Having five {pots.
On her Ic.'t breaft
A mole, einjue fpetled, like the crimfon drops
r til' bottom' of a cowflip. Sbakefpeare.

Ci'oK. n.J'. [fan, or fcicn, French.]

1 , A fprout ; a (hoot from a plant.

We h.ne rcifon to cool our raging motions, our
carnal (tings, our unbittcd lufts ; whereof I take
this, that you call love, to be a feft or cion. Sbak,

The ftately Caledonian oak, newly fettled in his
triumphant throne, begirt with cions of his own
royal ftem. Jlovtel.

2. The flioot engrafted or inferted on a
ftock. •

The

C I R

The c'lOH over-ruleth the ftock J and the ftock 13
lut pafTive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to
'lis grifr. Bacct.

CrPHER

C I R

3. / [clii/ri, Fr. zi/ra, Ital.
a/ra, low Lat. from an oriental root.]

1. An arithmetical charafter, by which
fome number is noted ; a figure.

2. An arithmetical mark, which, ftanding
for nothing itfelf, increafes the value of
the other figures.

Mine were the very cifbrr of a funAIon,
To find the faults, whofe fine ftands in record,
And let go by the aflor. Skakifjcare.

It the people be fomewhat in the eleiSion, you
cjnnot make them nulls or cifhtn in the prii'stirn
or tranflation. Bacort,

As, in accounts, ciftert and figures paft for real
fums, fo names pals fur things. South-

3 . An intertexture of letters engraved ufu-
ally on boxes or plate.

Troy flam'd in burniih'd gold; and o'er the
throne.
Asms and thi Man in golden cifhtrt (hone.

Some mingling ftir the melted tar, and fome
Deep on the new-fhorn vagrant's heaving fide
To ftamp the mafter's cifher ready ftand. Thimfm,

4. A character in general.

Ill lucceeding tiawis this wifdom began to be
written in cifhin anj charafters, and letters bear-
ing the form of creatures.

Rjidgh'l Hijiory 0/ the Wirtd.

5. A fecret or occult manner of writing, or
the key to it.

This book, as long liv'd as the elements.
In c':fbtr writ, or new-made idioms. Dcnne.

He was plealed to command me to ftay at Ljii-
don, to fend and receive all his letters ; and I was
furniihed with mine feveral ciphers, in order to it.

Diniam.

7cCi'PHER. 1/. ». [from the noun.] To
praflife arithmetick.

You have been bred to bufmefs ; you can chitr :
1 wo.-.der you never ufcd your pen and ink.

^rfyutlnc!.

To "Ci'pHER. v. a. To write in occult

charafters.
He freijuented fermons, and penned notes : his

nt.tes he cijhired with Creek ch^aflers. IhyxuarJ.
To Cj'rCinaTH. i». a. [circino, Lat.] To

make a circle ; to compafs round, or

turn round. Bailey.

Ci RC I N a'tion. n.f. {cininatio, Lat.] An

orbicular motion ; a turning round ; a

meafuring with the compaffes. Bailej.
CI'RCLE. «.y: \_drculus, Latin.]
1. A line Continued till it ends where it

begun, having all its parts equidiftant

from a common centre.

Any thing thjt iriovcs round about in a cWdi,
in lefs time than our ideas are wont to fucceed
one anorhcr in our minds, is not perceived to
move; but feems to be a perfcdl intire circlr of
that matter, or cotour, and not a part of a circle in
motion. Lockt.

By a circh\ underdand not hercperfeft geome-
trical circle, but an oibicular figure, whofe length
is equal to its breadth; and which, as t. fenfe, may
fcem circular. NcviUn's Oftieis.

Then a deeper ftiU,
In circle following circlr, gatlicrs round
To clofe the face of things. Thomfons Summer.

2. The fpace included iti a circular line.

3. A round body ; an orb.

It is he that fitteth upon the circle of the earth.
_ ... - Jfeiab,

4. Compafs ; inclofure.

A great magician,
Obfcured in the eiriU of the forcft. StahJ/>tare.

. An affembly furrounding the pruicipal
perfon.

To have a box where eunuchs fing,
And, tbtemoft in the circle, eye a king.

Pope's Birace,

A company ; an aflembly.

I will cill over to him the whole circle of beau-
ties that are difpofed among the boxes. Addifon.

Ever fmce that time, Lifander vifits in every
circle. _ Tatlcr.

7. Any feries ending as it begins, and
perpetually repeated.

Ihe/e be fjttit trees in hot countries, which
have bloffims and young fruir, and young fruit
and ripe fruit, ahnoft all the year, fuc'ceeding one
another; but this circle of ripening cannot be but
in fgcculcnt plants, and hot countries. Bacon.

Thus in a circle runs the pcafant's pain.
And the year rolls within itfelf again. Dryd. Virjr.

8. An inconclufive form of argument, in
which the foregoing proportion is proved
by the following, and the following pro-
pofition inferred from the foregoing.

That heavy bodies defccnd by gravity ; and
again, that gravity is a quality whereby an heavy
body defcends, is an impertinent circle, 'and teach-
eth nothing. Glamillc'i Scepjls.

That fallacy called a circle, is when one of the
preraiflcs in a fyllogifm is queftioncd and oppol'e.i,
and we intend to prove it by the cODclufion.

IVatts's Ligich.

9. Circumlocution ; indireft form of words.

Has he given the lye
In circle or oblique, or femicircic.
Or direa parallel .' You mull challenge him. *
Fletcher's Sltieen of Ccrinth.

10. Circles of the German Empire. Such
provinces and principalities as have a
right to be prefent at diets. They are
in number ten. Trc'voux.

To Ci'rcle. v. a. [from the noun.]
I. To move round any thing.

The lords, that were appointed to circle the
hill, had fome days belore planted Uicmfelves in
places convenient. Bacor.

Another Cynthia her new journey runs.
And other planets circle oihcr funs. Pcfc's Duticiad.

2. To inclofe ; to furround.

What ftern ■jngentlc hands
Have lopp'd and hew'd, and mule thy body bare
Of her tw 1 branches, timfe fw^tt ornaments,
Whofe circling ihadows kings have fought to deep
'"1? Shakeffcarc.

While thefe fond arms, thus circling you, may
prove
More heavy chains than tliofe of hopelefs love.

t-nfeen, he glided thro' the joyous crow.i,
yi'thiitkaeU circled »nA an ambient cloud. Pope.

3. To Circle in. To confine;, to keep
together.

We term thofc things dry which have a confid-
ence within thcmfelves, aad which, to enjoy a de-
terminate figure, do not require the flop or hin.
drance of another body to limit and circle them in.

cr n ' ™ '^'^''y "" •*'"''"•

i« Ci RCLE. 1;, ». To move circularly;
to end where it begins.

T!ie well fraught bowl
Circl.i incefTint; -.vhilft the huiribleccll
With quavering laugh and rural jcfts refounds.

XT , .. Ptilifs.

Now the circling years difdofe
The day predcftin'd to reward his woes.
, Pcpe'sOdyJfcy.

Ci RCLED. adj. \{xom circle. "l Having the
form of a circle ; round.

Th* inconflant moon.
That monthly changes in her circled orb. Shai.
Ci'RCLKT. n.f. [from (■/><■/(?.] A circle ;
an orb : properly a little circle.

C I R

Then taJce rcpaU, till Hefperus difplay'd
His golden circlet in tlie weflcrn /hade. Pope's OJyJp.

Ci'v-Chlti a. participial adj. [from To cir.
cle.] Having the form of a circle ; cir-
cular ; round.
Round he furveys, and well might, where he
flood
So high above the circling canopy
Of night's extended ihade. Milton sPcradifc Leji.
CrRCUIT. n.f. [circuit, Fr. circuitut,
Latin.]

1. The aft of moving round any thing.

There arc four moons alio perpetually rolling
round tl-.e planet Jupiter, and carried along with
him in his periodical circuit round the fun.

. fyatts on the Mind.

2. The fpace mclofed in a circle.

■ He led me up
A woody mountain, whofe high top was plain,
A circuit wide inclos'd. Mi/ton's Paradife Loft.

3. Space; extent; meafured by travelling

round.

He attributeth' unto it fmallnefs, in refpcft of
'''"%''• , , ^„ Hooker.

The lake of Bolfena is reckoned one-and-twenty
miles in circuit. Addifon on Italy.

4. A ring; a diadem ; that by which any
thing is incircled.

And this fell tempefl: rtiall not ccafe to rage,
.Until the golden circuit on my head
Do cilm the fury of this mad-brain'd flaw. Shak.

;. The vifitations of the judges for hold-
ing aflifes.

The circuits, in former finics, went hut round
about the pale ; as the circuit of the cynofura .ibout
'''^Po'^- Djvi,i.

6. The tradl of country vifited by the
judges.

7. Long deduftion of renron.

Up into the watch towen got,
And fee all things defpoii'd of falLicies ;
Thou (halt not peep thro' lattices of eyes.
Nor hear thr.i' labyrinths of ears, nor learn
By circuit or coliections to difccin. Danrtc,.

CtKcvir of aaion. [Inlaw.] Is a longer

courfe ot" proceeding to recover the

thing fued for than is needful. Co^ell.

To Ci'rcuit. -v. n. [flora the noun. J

To move circularly.

Pining with Cjuinoaial heat, u«[efs
The cordial cup perpetual motion keep,
Quick circuiting. Philip,.

Circuite'er. n.f. [from circuit. ] One
that travels a circuit.

Like your fellow circuiteer, the fun, you trav/-l
the round of the earth, and behold all the iniqui-

ties under the heavens.

Pope.

Circui'tiov.^./ [circiiiiio, Lat.]

1. The afl of going round any thing.

2. Compafs; maze of argument.

To apprehend by what degrees they lean to
things m fliow, though not in deed, repugnant
one to another, rcquireth more flurpnefs of wit,
more intricate circuities of difcouifc, Srid depth
of judgment, than common ability doth yield.
_ , Hcikr.

v-i RCULAR. adj. [circulari:, Latin.]
I. Round, like a circle;, circumfcribcd by
a circle.

The frame thereof fcem'd partly circular,
Ani part triant.ular. fairy ^ueeii.

He fird inclos'd for lifts a level g-ound ;
The form was circular. Dry Jens Fables.

Nero's port, compofed of huge moles running
round it in a kind oi circular figure.
_ . Addifn OK Italj.

2. buccellive m order ; always returning.

From whence th" innumerable race of things
By circular fucccflive order fptiiig*.. Rof.omm'.n,

3' Vulgi»,j.

C I R

3. Vulgar ; mean ; circumforaneous.

Had Vircllbten J c.r.vlar poet, and clefcly
aJhcrtd tu oiflory, huw could ihc Koinans have
had Dido? DtmU.

-4. Ending in itfdf: ufed of a paralogilm,
where the fecond propofitiou at once
proves the firft, and is proved by it.

One of Cartes's tint principles of reafoning,
after he bad doubted of every thing, feems to be
too circular tu fifcly build upon ; for he is for
, proving the being of GoJ from the truth of our
faculties, and the truth of our faculties from the
bcir% of a God. Baker't R-ffltfi- o» Letrmng.

5. CiRCVLAR Letter, A letter direfted
to feveral perfons, who have the fame
interell in lome common affair; as in
the convocation of aflemblies.

6. Circular Lines. Such fbaight lines
as are divided from the divifions made
in the arch of a circle j as the lines of
fines, taflgi^nts, and l«A<kn(Sj on the plain
fcale and i'eflor.

7. Ck-Cular SatJivg, is that performed
on the arch of a great cir<;le.

Circula'ritv. n.y". [from circular.'] A
circular form.

The heavens have no divcrfity or difFcrtnce, but
a fimplicity of pjrts, and equitormity in motion,
continuilly fucceftding each other ; fo that, I'ron^
what point focvcr wc compute, the account will ba
common unto the whole circulaniy. Brs^-n.

Ci'rci;!. arly. aJ'v. [from circular. y '

1 . In form of a circle.

The internal form of it confifts of feveral re-
gions, involving one another like orbs about the
faifie centre ; or of the feveral elements caft r.rcu-
hrly about each other. Burnet.

2. With a circular motion.

Trade, which, like blomi, (hould drnlarly flow, I
topp'd in their channels, found its freedom loft.

DryJin.

Every body, moved ar<ularly about any centre,
tecedcs, or endeavours to recede, from that centre
of its motion. Ray.

fo Ci'rculate. t. n. [from cireultu.']

1 . To move in a circle ; to run round ;
to return to the place whence it departed
in. a conftant courfe.

If our lives motions theirs muft imitate.
Our kaowledge like our blood muit circuhtt.

Dcnham.

Nature is a perpetual motion ; and the work of
the univerfe tirculaia without any interval or rc-
pofe. L'EJiravgt.

2. To be difperfed.

As the mints of calumny arc perpetually at
work, a great number of curious inventions, ilVucd
out from time to time, grow current among the
party, aad lirculale ihtougk the whole Icibgdom.

7tf Ci'rcu.late. T. <i. To put about.

In the civil wars, the money fpent on bntli liries
wat circulated at home ; no publick debts 4o»-
traded. Siv:ft,

Circula'tion. n.f. [ from circulate. ]
1. Motion in a circle ; a courfe in winch
the motion tends to the point from which
it began.

What more ctivious, one would think, than the

eircuhiicn of tlic blood, unknown till tlje laft age?

Burnetts *Thc:ry:

As much bipod pafTctli through the lungs a^
through all the reft of the body : the circuleiUn i*
quick'jr, and heat greater, and their texture cx-1
trcmeiy delicate. Arhuiimi in AtmcniiJ

a. A feries in which the fame order is al-l
ways obferved, and things alwaye-re?ur-n!
tfr the fame Hate.

Stopp'i

C 1 R

As for tl>e fins of peace, thou ha<l.brougbt upon
ut ll>e niifki\tt of war ; To for the fini of war, tliou
feeft fit 10 deny us the billing of peace, and to
keep us in a cirm/urion'Of mifcries. K, ChurUt.

God, by (he ordinaiy lule of nature, permits
this continual chculut'im cf human things.

Swiften Modirm Et'»iati9w.

3. A reciprocal interchange of meaning.

When the apoftle faith of the Jews, that they
crucified the Lord of glory ; and when the Son of
roan, being on earth, athrnieTh that the Son of man
was in hea<en at the £une initant, tbeie is is thrle
tvvo fpeeches, that mutual iinulaikn before men-
tioned. , Hxkir.

Ci'rculatorv. It./, [from circulate.]
A chymical veflel, in wliich that which
rifes from the veffel on the fite is col-
leftcd and cooled in another fixed upon
it, and falls down again.

Ci'RCULATORY. oilj. [ from circulate. ]
Circulatory Letters are the f^e with
Ciit.cv;LA». Leiiert.

Ci RcuM a'm^biancv. ?/./. [from circum-
amiiait-] The aft of encorapaffing.

Ice rcc«i\cth its figuie according unco the fur-
face it concreteth or tlie circumi>mi''>'cy which con-
form-th it. Sroun.

CIRCUMA'MDIENT. aJj. [circum and
ambio, Latin.] Surrounding ; encom-
pafling; indofing.

The cirtumupihiitis coldnefs towards the fijlcr of

the veflel, like the fecond region, cooling and c<m-

denfing of it. , H'^ilk'»:si

To CiRCUM a'mbulate. I". ». [from cir-

cum a.ad a/niulo, Lat.] To walk round

about. Dia.

To CIRCUMCrSE. "J. a. [circtiiiicido,

Lat.] Td cut the prepuce or forefkin,

according to the law ^iven to the jews.

They canie to draofi'/t 'he child. Laic.

One is alarmed at the induftry of the whi^s,

in aiming to ftrenjjtiitn their routed party by a

reinforcement from the circuficijtj. S-wifl'i Epcarn.

Ci ECUMCl'siON. ».yl [from circunci/c]

The rite or aft of cutting off the foro-

fltin.

They left a race behind
Like to themfelves, diftinguifhable fcarce
From Gentiles, but by c\rcumc}Jt^n vain. Miltcn.
To CIRCUMDU'CT. 1/. a. [circumduco,
Lat.] To contravene; to nullify: a
term of civil law.

Afts of judicature may be cancelled and clrcum.
\ duStcd by the will and direction of the judge; as
alfn by the confent of the oarties litiganr, before
the judge has pronounced aad given lenfence.

Ayliffc'i Partrgon,

CiRCUMDu'cTiON. «.y;^[from circum-
dua.] ] ■

1. Nullification; cancellation.
The citation may be clrcumdudlcd, though tlie

defendant fhould not appear ; and the defendant
mult be cited, as a cucumjuflkn xt(\\nxK.

Ayhffc's Partfgcn.

2. A, leading about. ,

By loag nm,mdu£ikn perhaps any truth may be
derived from any other truth. ' Hacker*

CIRCU'MFERENCE. n.f. [circum/iren-
tia, Latin.] ^ 1

I, The periphery; the line including and
furrounding aay thing. |

Extend thus far thy bounds.
This be thy juft nici.mf,r(tice, O world! Miliar
iBtcault the hero is the centre of the main ac-
tion, all the lipes from the elrcumjirer.ce tend t<^
him alone. DryJcn.

Firqj moved nimbly in the circumftrmct of aj
circle, makes the whole c'lrtfimfcr^nce appear like
a circle oflfire. Nra-tcn.

G I R

2. The fpace inclofed in a circle.

So was Ms will
Pronounc'd among tl^c gods, and by an oatb>
That ihook heav'n's whole circumferaue, ccn-
fjrni'd. ATi!tt>n*

Ht firft inclos'd for lifts a level ground,
T^e whole circuvfatafe a mile around.

pryden'i Ffhiet.

3. The external part of an ortsicular body.

The bubble, being looked on by the light of the
clouds reflefled from it, feemed red at its apparent
ciriuafireme. If the clouds »-ctc viewed thcough
it, tlie colour at its c'tnufftrcnce would be blue.

Nnutcn's Optickj,

4. An orb ; a circle ; any ^ing circular
or orbictilar. '

His pond'rous ihield, large and round.
Behind him caft; the broad circumf revet
Huni; on his thuulders like the moon. ' Miltm,
7« Ci rcu'mference. v. a. [from the
nOun.] . To indnde in a circular (pace.
Not, proper.

riot is the vigour of this great body included
only in itfelf, or eiicumfertrce by its furfacej but
diffufcd at indeterminate diftjnces.

Bnivn^i l^ulgar Errcurs,

Circumfere'ntOr. ti.f, [from circum-
ferp, Lat. to carry about.] An inftru-
ment ufed in furveying, for meai'uring
angles, coufifting of ,a brafs circle, an
index with fights, and a compafs, and
mounted on a i\s.S, v.'ith a ball and
focket. Chambers.

CI'r CUM FLEX. n.f. [<-/)r.v;/^f;r«j, Lat.]
An accent ufe<l to regulate the pro-
nunciation of fyllables, including or
participating the acute and grave.

The cinumjicx keeps the voice in a middle tune,
and therefore in. the Latin is compounded of both
the other. HJdtr,

CiRcu'MELUJtKCE.u.y. [from circuiti-
fueni.] An inclofuie of waters.

CIRCU'M FLUENT, adj. [circumfuens ,
Lat.] Flowing round any thing.

1 rule the I'aphian race,
.Whofe bounds the deep circumJiMnt waves embrace ;
A duteous people, and induftiious ifte.

Pafe'l Odyfry.

CiKCv'MTLVOva.aJJ. [circumfluus, Lat.]
Envirouing with waters.

. He tlie world

-duiit on circutftjluous waters calm, in wide ""
Cryftallrne ocean. Miltm' i Peradife Lojf.

Latries' fon, girt with riirsm/iiieui. tides.

Poiie's Odyffry.
Circumfora'neous. adj. [circumfora-
neus, Latin.] Wandering from houfe to
houfe : as, a circumfor.intcus fiddler, one
that plays at doors.
To ClRCUIvIFU'SE. f. a. [circumfufus,
Lat.] To pour round ; to ipread^ every
way.

Men fee better, when their eyes are againft the
fun, or candle, if they put their hand befoie their
eie. The glaring fun, or candle, weakens the eye ;
wbeicas the light clrcutiifujed is cno\)gti for the per-
ception. Bacon^i Katurat Hijiory,
His am>y, ctrcumfus'd on either wing.- Mtitm.
Earth, with her nether ocean cinum/ui'd.
Their pleafant dweHinj;-houfe. JUilcm-

Thi.'. nvmph the God Ccphifus had abus'd.
With all his winding waters eircumfus'd,

jiiidijon'i Ovid.
ClRCUMFu'siLE. adj. [circum 3.l^d^ fufilis,
Lat.] That which may be poured or
'fpread round any thing.

.»\rti8 divine, whofe Ikilful hands infold
The vlftira 5 horn with cinumfufilt gold.

Pcfe's Odyjfry.

Circum-

C I R

C I R c u w F u's I o N . w. y; [from eircumfuft. ]
The aft offpreading round; the ftateof
being poured round,

Tfl CIRCU'MGyRATE. -v-a. [«>f»«and
gyrus, Lat.] T- roll round.

All thegiands,of'the body be congeries cf various
forts of veiFels curled^ ciTcumgyra'cdy and compli-
cated together. Ray nr. the Criathn.
Circumgvra'tion. n. f. [from circum-
gyrau.] The a£l of running round.

The fun turiss round his own axis in twenty-five
d»yj, from his firft being put into fuch a lircumgj.
rJllsrt, Cbtyne,

Circumja'cent. aiij. [^cimmj actus,
Lat.] Lying round any thing ; bor-
dering on every fide.

Circumi'tion. a. / [from circumeo,
circumitum, Lat.] The aft of going
round. Diil.

Circumliga'tion. n. /, \circumlsgo,
Latin.]

1. The nft of binding round.

2. The bond with which any thing is en-
compafTed.

Ci Rc u M locu't ION. n. f. \circumlacutio,
Latin.]

1 . A circuit or compafs of words ; peri-
phrafis.

Virgil, (ludying brevity, could bring thefe words
into a narrow compafs, which a tranllator cannot
render without circum/cfuritns^ Drydtn.

I muchprtfcrthe plain Biliingfijate wjy of cailing
names, becaufe it would favc abundance oi time,
K'll by cit L:/mIocuikn, Swift,

2. The ufe of indireft expreffions.

T^efe pe^iple are not to be dealt Ck'ithal, but by a

train of myftery and circumlayikn. L'Ejhargt.

Ci rcummu'red. adj. \^circum and murus,

Lat.] Walled round ; encompafied with

a wall.

He bath a garden cinummured with bricks.

Sbuktffieare,

Ci rcumn'a'vigable.<7<^'. [from circum-
natiigaie.] That which may be failed
round.

The being of Antipodes, the hibitablenefs of
the torrid zone, and the leniiering the whole terra-
queous globe cirtufr.ftavJgitbU, Ray cs the Crearhr,

To Circumna'vioate. 1/. a. [^circum
and nazigc, Lat.] To fail round.

CiRcuMN aviga'tion. k. /. [from <■/>-
cumnavigau.] The aft of failing round.

What he fays concerning the circLmnavigathn vl
Africa, from the ftraits of Gibraltar to the R' i
Sea, is very remarliable. JlrluihrM m Ca'mi.

Circumna'vicator. n./. One that fails
round.

Circumplica'tion. n. /. \cercumpUco,
Lat.]

1. The aft of enwrapping on every fide.

2. The (late of being enwrapped.
Circcmpo'lar. adj. [from cinum and

fo/ar.] Stars near the North pole, whitii
move round it, and never (ei in the
Northern latitudes, are faid to be dr-
cumfolar Jlars.
Circumposi'tion. n. f. [from circum
and pojiiion.] The aft of plating any
thing circularly,

Now ii your feafua for c'trcumpifuhn, by tiles or
bafltets of earth. £w!yn-s Ka/tndar.

Circum ra'sion. n. /. [ciraimra/io, La-
tin.] The aft of fhaviog or paring
round. jJi^,

Vot.L

C I R

Circumrota'tiom. n. f. \circum and
rcto, Lat.]

1. The aft of whirling round with a mo-
tion like that of a wheel ; circumvolu-
tion ; circumgyration.

2. The ftate of being whirled round.
roCIRCUMSCRI'BE. -j. a. [circum and

fcribo, Lat.]

1 . To inclofe in certain lines or bounda-
ries.

2. To bound; to limit; to confine.

The good Andronicus
With honour and witJT fortune is returnM ;
\ From whence \a circumjtribcd with his fword,
' And brought to yoite the enemies of Rome.

Sbahefpeate,
Therefore muft his choice be circtimfcrib'i
Unto the voice and yielding of that body
Whereof he 's head. ShaiffKJrc.

1 He forro'd the pow'rs of heav'n

I Such as he.{ikas'd, and cinumjirib'd tlieir being !
' Milton.

The aftion great, yet cinumftrib'd by time ;
The words not forc'd, but Aiding into rhime. Dryd.
The external circumftances which do accom-
I pany men's adls, arc ihofe which io ch-cumftrihe
and limit thejn. Siillhgjiect.

You are above
The little forms which arcurvfcribc your fex.

^^uthcrn.

CiRCuMSCRi'pTiOK. tt.f. \circumfcriptio,
Latin.]

1. Determination of particular form or

magnitude.

In the arcumjcrtpihn of many Icavps, flowers,
j fruits, and feeds, nature affe^s a regular figure.
; Ray on the Creation.

2. Limitation ; boundary ; contraftion ;
confinement.

I would not ray unhoufej ftzt condition
Put into circLptfcription and confine. Shahfpeare.
CiRCUMSCRl'pTlVE. adj. [from circum-
/criie.] Inclofing the fuperticies ; mark-
ing the form or limits on the outfide.

Stones regular, arediftingui/hed by their external.
forms : fucb as is circumjcriptivej or depending
upon thewholellone, as in the eagie-ftone, is pro-
perly called the figu;e. Crciv.
CIRCUMSPE'CT. adj. [circum/feaus,
Lat.] Cautious ; attentive to every-
thing ; watchful on all fides.

None arc for me.
That look into me with confid'rate ej-es :
High reaching Bucki;igham grows circunjpcli.

Sbakejprarc.
Men of their own nature cirnimfptH and llow,
but at the time difcountcnanced and dilcontent.

Haytvcul.
The judicious doflor had been very wati:hful and
circutnJl 1:3 , to keep himlelf from being impofcd
upon. • liiyh:

Ci Rcumspe'ction. n. /. [horn circiim-
fptct.'\ Watchfulnefs on every fide i cau-
tion ; general attention.

Ubfcrve the fuddengtowth of wickednefs, from
want of care and eircumfpcfiiori in the fiift iinprtf-
fionj, Claicn.{'jii.

So faying, his proud ftcp he fcornfal tuin'd.
But with fly tlrcumjpiflion. Milt!,n'iParadiJeL<>Jf.
Circumspe'ctive. adj. [ circuinj'pido, cir-
cumjpetlum, Lat.] Looking round every
way ; attentive ; vigilant ; cautious.

No 1 Is alike the politick and wile.
All fly flow things, with eircumJftSti'vt eyes. Pofie.

CiRcuMSpp'cTiVELY. ad-v. [from cir-
cuinjpe^lt've.'l Cautioufly ; vigilantly;
attentively ; with watchfulnefs every
way ; watchfully.

C I R

Ci'RCtJMSPECTLy. ad'v. [from circutn-
fpeS-l With watchfulnefs every way ;
cautioufly ; watchfully ; vigilantly.

Their authority weighs-more with me than the
concurrent fuftVagcs of a thoufar.d eyes, who never
examined the thing fo carefully and cii cum/ptffly.
Ray en the Crtauon.

Ci'rcumspectness. 71./. [from circum-
fpc^.l Caution; vigilance; watchful-
nefs on every fide.

Travel forces circumfpefimfs on thofe abroad, who
at home arc nurfcrd in fecurity. Wott-m.

CI'RCUMSTANCE. /?./. [circumjlantia,
Latin.]

1 . Something appendant or relative to a
faft : the fame to a moral aftion as acci-
dent to a natural fubftance.

When men are ingenious in picking out cir*
cumflancci of contempt, they do kindle their anger
much. Bacon'' sEjJkys,.

Our confe/fing or concealing perliicuted truths,
vary and change their very nature, according to
different r;rf«w/?(;K«j of time, place, and perfons.

2. The adjunfts of a faft, Which make it
more or lefs criminal; or make an ac-
cufation more or lefs probable.

Of thefe fuppofed crimes give me leave.
By circumflnnce, but to acquit myfi-lf. Shakrfpeare.

3. Accident ; fomething adventitious,
which may be taken away without the
annihiLition of the principal thing con-
fidered.

Senfe outfide knows, the foul thro' ail things fees {
Senfe, circuriflance ; fl)e ioth the fubftance view.

Davits.

4. Incident^ event: generally of a mimlte
or fubordinate kind.

He defended Carlifle with very remarkable cir-
cutnj}anccs of courage, induftry, and patience.

Clarendcn*

The fculptor had in his thoughts the Con-
queror's weeping for new worlds, or the like cir-
cutiijiance in hiilory. Addifon*

'The poet has gathered thofe circumfiances which
raoft terrify the imagination, and wliich really
happen In the raging of a tcmpclf. Add J. Sped.

5. Condition ; ftatc of affairs. It is fre-
quently ufcd with refpeft to wealth or
poverty ; as, good or ill circumjfances.

None but a virtuous man can hope well in a't
cifitimjlar.ieu Bacon, .

We ; ught not to conclude, that if there be ra-
tional inhabitants in any of the planets, they mult
therefore have human nature, or be involved in the
circiinijtanca of our world. Benlley*

When mcti are eafy in their circumjiar.ccs, they
are naturally enemies to innovations.

Add'ijons Freeholder,

To CTRfuMSTANCE. -v. a. [from the
noun.] To place in particular fituation,
or relation to the things.

To worthiert things,
Virtue, art, beauty, fortune, now 1 fee,
Rarenels or ufe, not nature, value brings;
And luch as they are cinumjianc'd, they be. Dome,

Ci'rcumstant. a///, [circumjlans, Lat.]
Surrounding ; environing.

Its beams Hy to viCt the remoteft parts of the
world, and it gives motion to all cinumjlant bodies.
Digby on the SouU
Circumsta'ntial. adj. [circumjiantialit,

low Lat.]
1. Accidental ; not eflential.

'I'lils fierce abridgment
Hath to it cinLtnJIiinlial braiichci, wliich
Diflindtion would h^ rich in. Shakef^eare,

This jurifdiOion in the efl'entials of it, is as old
as chtiftianity ; and thofe circun'ffjntial addition's

s f oi

C I R

ofrecalarenconragcment, cbrifiian princes thooglit
ntccrtiry. Siuik.

WhD would not prefer a religion that differs from
ourown in the circtimjiartiah, before one that diffei s
from it in the clliintials ? Mdihii'i Fntb Idcr.

2. Incidental ; happening by chance ;
cafual.

Virtue 's but anguifh, when 'tis fcvcr.il.
By occaGon wak'd, and driurr.fitrnal. Dcr.r.i.

•y Full of fmall events ; particular ; de-
tailed.

He had been provoked by men's tedious and
cimimftanuni recitals of their affjirs, or by thrir
multiplied queftions about his own. Prior's Drdic.

Cjrcumstantia'lity. n.f. [from cir-
cumfiaKlialJ] The appendage of circum-
ilances ; the ftate of any thing as modi-
fied by circumftaiices.

Ci R c u M s T a'n T I A L L y . od-v. [from tir-
cumftantial.']

1 . According to circumftance ; not effen-
tially ; accidentally.

Of the fancy and jnteileft, the powers are only
tircumjianiially diflFerent. GlairvllU's Scepf:s.

2. Minutely ; exaftly ; in every circum-
itance or particular.

Lucian agrees with Homer in every po'nt cir-
cur.flant'wl!) . Bnorr.t.

y« Circumsta'ntiate. V, a. [fromc/r-
cumftanct.'\

1 . To place in particular circumftances ;
to invert with particular accidents or
adjundls. - - '

If the afl werepthcrwife cireumfinnliaied, it might
will that freely, which now itwills freely. Bramhail.

2. To place in a particular condition, as
with regard to power or wealth.

A number ir.finiteiy fupciiour, and the beil cir-
cumfliXMiand imaginable, are for the fucccflion of
Hanover. Uti^ift.

To CIRCUMVA'LLATE. 'v. a. [drcum-
'vallo,. Lat.] To inclofe round with
trenchifs or fortifications.

Circumvalla'tion. n.f. SJmva circum-
'vaUate.'\

1 . The art or adt of calling up fortifica-
tions round a place.

When the czar firft acquainted hiinfclf with
mathematical learning, he praftifed all the rules of
c'trcvmrualhuor M^i. cootravailation at the fiege of a
town in Liven' 3. Watts.

2. The fortification or trench thrown up
round a place beficged.

This gave refpite to finiih thofe ftupendous c'lr-
fjmvalliiikns and barricadocs, reared up by fea and
land. Hoiccl.

Circumve'ction. «. / [circurmje£lio,
Latin.]

1. The aft of carryirvg round.

2, The ftate of being carried round.

To CIRCUMVE'NT. -v. a. [drcumvenic,
Lat.] To deceive ; to cheat ; to impofe
upon ; to delude.

He, fearing to be betrayed or arcumvinled by his
cruel brother, fled to BarbarnfTa.

KnjJlci's Hiftoiy Df the Turit,
As his malice is vigilant, he refteth not to cir-
eumveirt the ions cf [he Arft deceived.

Bmun't yulgar Erf. «/■».
Should man
Fall (ireuiKvented thus by fraud. MUtm's Pen Left,

Obrtinately bent
To die undaunted, and to circitmvtM. Dryden.

Circumve'ntiok. m. /. [from circum-

•Uu'fl/.]
I. Fraud; impofture ; cheat; delufion.

The inequality of the match between him and
the f^btlcil of us, *9uld fuiciily appear by a fatal

C I T

clreamvfHlieii ! there mud be a wifdom from «bo»e
to over-teach this hcUilh wifdom. Siutb.

If be is in the city, be mull avoid haTlnguing
igainft cirtmrnvntiitn ia commerce.

CMier tf Potularsiy.

t. Prevention; pre-occupation. Thisfenfe
is now out of ufe.

Whatever hath been thooght on in this ftate,
That could be brought to bodily aft, ere R m-.e
Had ctrcumvmiit,n. Stjiffj^t'tirc.

To Circomve'st. 'V. a. [circumvejiio,
Lat.] To cover round with a garment.

Who on this bale the earth did'ft firmly found.

And mad'ft thedceptocirniWK^ it round. IV'.tton.

Circumvola'tion. n.f. [from aVfK/w-

Wfl, Lat.] The aft of flying round.
7c Ci Rcu mvo'lve. t. a. [rircumvelve,
Lat.] To roll round ; to put into a cir-
cular motion.

Could folid orbs be accommodated to phznc-
mena, yet to afcribe each fphere an intelligence to
circumvotve it, were unphilofophical.

Glarvi/le's Step/is.
CiRCtTMVOL-u'TlON. n.f, [circumvoju-
tus, Lat.]

1. The aft of rolling round.

z. The ftate of being rolled round.

The twilling of the guts is really eithera circum-
'va/utiorty or infertion of one part of the gut within
the other. Arbuthnot.

3. The thing rolled round another.

Confider tne obliquity or clofenefs of thefe cir-
cutTnictutioKs ; the nearer they are, the higher may
be the inftrumcnt* ff)Ikins.

CrRCVS. 1 n.f [circus, Latin.] An open
C i'r Qu E. j fpace or area for fpor ts, with
feats round for the fpeftators.

A pleafant valley, like one of thofe cirnifes,
wliicKin greatcities fomewhere doth give a plealant
fpedlacle of running horfes. Sidriy,

The one was about the cirqueoi Flora, the other
upon the Tarpcian mountain. Stil/ingjlcet.

See the cit-^uc I'alls ! th* unpiliar'd temple noJs ;
Streets pav'd with lieroes, Tyber choak'd with goJs.

Pofe.

CIST. n.f. [cijla, Latin.] A cafe ; a te-
gument : commonly ufed in medicinal
language for the coat or inclofure of a
tumour.

Ci'sTED. a.ij. [from ciff.l Inclofed in a
cift, or bag.

Ci'sTBRN. n.f. [cijierna, Latin.]

i. A receptacle of water for domefiick
ufes.

'Tli not the rain that waters the whole earth,
but th^t which falls into his own cificrr,, that muft
relieve him. South.

2. A refervoir ; an inclofed fountain.

Had no part as kindly llaid behind
In the wide cifterns of the lakes confin'd,
Did not the fprings and rivers dicnch the land,
Our globe would grow a wilderncfs of fand.

Blaelmsre.

3. Any receptacle or repofitory of water.

So half my Egypt were fubmerg'd, and ma.ic
A cifttrn for fcal'd fnakes. Siairf/'eari.

But there 's no bottom, none.
In my voluptuoufnefs: your wives, your daughters.
Your matrons, and your tttaids, could not Htl up
The eifli-rn of mv luft. Shakrjpea't.

CrSTUS. n. jr. [Lat.] The name of a

plant. The fame with rockrofe.
Cn.n.f, [contrafted from f/V/sfw.] An
inhabitant of a city, in an ill fenl'e ; a
pert low townfraan ; a pragmatical
trader.

We bring you now to fliow what different things
The cits or ciowns arc from the iourts of kings.

Jah«[o».

C I T

Stud^ your race, or the foil of your family will
dwindle into cat or fijuirca, or run up into wits or
madmen. _ TatUr,

Barnard, thou art a cit, with all thy worrh ;
ButBug andD— 1, theirhonours,and to forth, Pife,
Ci'tadel. ». /. [citat/elle, French.] A
fortrefs ; a callle, or place of arms, in
a city.

As he came to the crown by un'uft means, ts
unjuftly he kept it; by force of ftrangerfoldiers in
cilisdth, the nelts of tyranny and murderers of li-
berty. Siditej.
1 11 to my charge, tiie citadtl, repair. Drjdtn,
Ci'tal. n.f. [from cite.'\

1. Reproof; impeachment.

He made a blulhing cital of himfelf.
And chid his truant youth. Hhaktjptare,

2. Summons; citation; call into a court.

3. Quotation ; citation.
Cita'tion. n.f. [ci/atio, Latin.]

1. The calling a perfon before the judge,
for the fake of trying the caufe of aftion
commenced againfl him. Ayliffe^s Parti:

2. Quotation ; the adduftion of any paf-
fage from another author; or of another
man's words.

3. The paffage or wards quoted ; a quota-
tion.

The letter-writer cannot read thefe citaticifs
without bluOiing, after the charge he hath id-

vanced.

jitlerhi^ry,

View the principle* in their own auriiors, and
not in the citnticni of thofe who would confute
them. _ _ Ifatts.

4. Enumeration ; mention.

Thefe caules effeft a confumption endemlcl: to

this ifland : there remains a citaiiiit of fuch as may

produce it in any country, liarvcy on C'infumpti',!:!.

Ci'tatory. adj. [from To cite.'\ Having

the power or form of citation.

If a judge cite one to a place, to which he cin-
not come with fafety, he miy freely ippejl, though
an appeal be inhibited in the letters citatorf,

Ayliffi's Parngnti,

To CITE. -v. a. [cito. Latin.]

I. To fummon to anfwer in a court.

He held a late court, ti> which
She oft was cited by them, but appear'd not. StjK

Forthwith the cited dead,
Of all paft ages, to the general doom
Shall baften. AfHtoit,

This power of citing, and dragging the defcjidant
into couit, was taken away. Ayiiffc's P.^rcr^m.

z. To enjoin ; to call upon another au-
thoritatively ; to direft ; to fummon.

I fpeak to you. Sir Thurlo;
For Valentine, I need n.t ciit him to it. Shakejf.

This fad experience ciVrj mc to reveal.
And what I dictate is ft«m what 1 feel. Prijr,

3. To quote.

Demonftrations in fcripture may not otherwift
be dicued than by citing them out of the fcripturt.

hci/kcr.
That paffage of P; ato, which I fire./ before. Bacon.
In banllhment he wrote thofe verfcs, which I citt
from his letter. Dryden*

Cj'ter. n.f. [from c:tc.'\
I. One who cites into a court,
z. One who quotes ; a quoter.

I muft deli re the citer henceforward to inform us
of hii editions too. Attirtuiy,

Cite'ss. a. / [from <■/>.] A city woman.
A word peculiar to Dryden.

Cits and cialjls raife a jjyful ftr.iin;
*Tis a good omen t.i begin a rei^jn. Dryjcn.

Ci'tkern.»./. [f/V/tara, Latin.] A kind
of harp ; a mufical inftrument.

At what time the hcithen ha! profaned it, even
in that was it dedicated with fong) and ciibcms, and
liarps aad cymbals. Mact.

Ci'tizen.

C I T

C I V

C I V

Ci'tizen. ti.f. [ci-vis, Lat. cittyen, Fr.]

1. A freeman of a city ; not a foreigner ;
not a flave.

All inhabitants within thefe walls are not pro-
perly cUiictns, but only fuch as are called freemen.
RaUigk'i h'.Jiory.

2. A townfmau ; a man of trade ; not a
gentleman.

When he rpeakt not like a ciimn,
You find him like a foldier, Stoief^cinc.

3. An inhabitant ; a dweller in any plate.

Far from noiiy R'>me fccurc- he liv^-s,
And one more nrizcTt to Sibyl gives* Drydeii,

Ci'tizen. adj. [This is only in Shake-
Jpeare,'\ Having the qualities of a citi-
zen ; as cowardice, meannefs.

So fick I am not, yet I am not ndl ;
But not lb cif:x<n a wanton, as
To fcenri to die ere fick. ^•IjA-Jff.ire.

Ci'trine. aiij. [citrinus, Lat.] Lemon
coloured; of a dark yellow.

The butt.n^fiy, papilio major, has its wings
painted with citiiiu and black, both in long ilreaks
and fjicts. Gr.Tv.

By citrint urine of a thicker confiftcnce, the falt-
ncfs of [.iiicgm is known. Flyir en ttc Humeuri,
Ci'trine. n.f. [from citrinus, Latin.]

A fpecies of crylUl of ati extremely pure, clear,
and fine texture, generally free from Haws and
blcmilhes. It is ever found in a long and fler.der
column, irregularly hexangular, and terminated by
an hexangular pyramid. It is from aac to four or
file inches in length. This (lone is very plentiful
in the Weft Indies. Our jewellers have learned to
call it citrine ; and cut ilones for rings out of it,
which arc millaken for topazes. Hill on FcJpU.

Citron-tree. n./. [from citrus, Lat.]

It hath broad ftilf leaves, like thofcof the laurel.

The flowers confift of many leaves, exi<andcd like

1 rcfe. The piftil becomes an oblong, thick, fleffiy

fruit, very full of juice. Genoa is the great iiur-

fery for thefe trees. One fort, with a pointed

fruit, is in fo great L-fteem, that the finglc fruits are

. (bid at Florence for two diillings each, Millir.

May the fun

Wi;h tttriin groves adorn a diftant foil. jiJdifon.

Citron-water, n./. Aqua vita;, diltilled

with the rind of citrons.

Like afr»ii-w<j/fri matrons cheeks inflam'-. Pcbi.
Ci'tr u L. n',/. The fame with pumpion, fo

named from its yellow colour.
CI'TY. n.f. [(■/■//, French ; ci'vitas, Lat.]

1. A large colleftion of houfes and inha-
bitants.

Men feek fafety from number better united, and
froio walls and foitlfications, the ufe whereof is to
make the few a match for the many : this is ii,e
orij.": ' ■ -. 7impU.

I ' ferfe, means the boufcs inclofcd

wit!. in a larger fenfe, itreachcsto all

the fubutt... ;>'„.,„.

2. [In tlie Engliflilaw.] A town corporate,
that hath a biQiop and a cathedral church.

Coiuell.
J. The inhabitants of a certain city, as
diftinguifhed from other fubjefts.
What is the eiiy but the pecrle ?—

True, the people are the ciiy. Stah'pcsri,
I do fufpeft 1 ha>e done fotne oflTencc,
That fcenis difgracious in the ciift eye. Sbakfjp.
Ci'ty. adj.

1. Relating to the city.

His cnfoicemcnt of the city wives. Sbakcfpcart.
He, I accufe,
The ci'y ports by this haih entered. Shatrfpfare.

2. Refembling the manners of the citi-
zens.

Make not a city feirt of it, !o let the meat cool
<;e we can agree upon the firlt «uU Utatiffairr.

Ci'vET. n.f. [ci'vette, Fr. zibetta, Arabic,
fignifying fant.'^ A perfume from the
civet-cat.

The ci-vct, or (ivd cat, is a little animal not
unlike our cat. It is a native of tlie Indies, Peru ,
Brafil, Guinea. The perfume is forniedlike a kind
of greafc, in a baj; under its tail, bsiv. ccn the anus,
and pudendum. It is gathered from tirrc to time,
and abounds in proportion as tiie animal is fed.

Trrvoux.

Cha is of a bafer birth than tar; the very un-
cleanly flux of a cat. Sha>.:jfi,ir!.

Some putre/aftions and excrements do yield ex-
cellent odours ; as ci-vct and mulk, and, as I'jme
think, ambcrgrcafc. Bjcon's N.nurai Hijicrf.
Ci'viCK. adjr. [f/'D/V*/, Latin] Relating
to civil honours or pradices ; not mili-
tary.

With equal rays immortal Tnlly (hone :
Behind, Rome's j^enius waits with civick crowns,
And the great fatirer of his dountry owns. Pete.

CYWIL. adj. [dvilis, Lat.]

1. Relating to the community; politic.il ;
relating to the city or gcvcrnment.

God gave tliemhwsof r™;/ regimen, and would
not permit their commonweal to be governed by
any other laws than his own. Hmkn.

Part fuch as apj>crta:ii
To «r//juftice J part, reijg ous rites
Of facrifice. Miiiens ParaJi/e Lift.

But there is another unity, vvh'ch .vould be
rood advantageous to our country; and that if,
your endeavour after a eivU, a political union in the
whole nation. Sfratl.

2. Relating to any man as a member of a
community.

Break not your promife, unlcfs it be unlawful or
impolTible; either cut of your na.ural, or out «(
your ci-vil power. Ttty.'cr.

3. Not in anarchy ; not wild ; not without
rule or government.

For rudeft minds with harmony were caught,
And chvil life was by the .tiufes taught. R>f:cmn:en.

4. Not foreign ; intefline.

From a ci-vil war God of his mercy defend us,
as that which is moft defpcrate of all others.

Bacon to yiUiers,

5. Not eccleilaftical ; as, the ecclefiaftical
courts are controlled by the ci-jil.

6. Not natural ; as, a perfon banilhed or
outlawed is faid to fuffer ci-vil, though
not natural, death.

7. Not military ; as, the nW/ magiftrate's
authority is obftrufled by war.

8. Not criminal ; as, this is a civil procefs,
not a criminal profecution.

9. Civilized ; not barbarous.

England was very rude and barbarous ; for it is
but eiea the other day fince Ej.t;land f rcw ci-ml.
Spenfcr Off Ireland.

10. Complaifant; civilized; gentle; well
bred ; elegant of manners; not rude ;
not brut.:l ; not coarfe.

1 heard a mermaid, on a dolphin's back,
Uttering fuch dulcet and harmonious breath,
I'hat the rude fca grew riij/ at her fong. Khalefp.

He was r/vi/andwell-natuied, never rcfufiiig 10
teath another. Dry den 1 DufnJ'r.oy.

And fall tliefc faylngs from ti.at gentle ton^uV,
Where rii)i/fpeerh and loft perfualion hung ? Prior.

1 1 . Grave ; fober ; not gay or (hewy.

Thus (light Lift Ice me in tliy pale career.
Till civil fuitcd morn appear. MJion's Poems.

12. Relating to the ancient confular or
imperial government ; as, ciaiH law.

No woman had it, but a rii/iV doitor. Shateff.
Civi'lian. n.f. [dvilis, Lat.] "One that
profeflbs the knowledge of the old Ro-
man law, and of general equity.

The profelTors of that law, cnilej ci-.'iUjr.s, be-
caufc tlic civil law is tieir guide, Aould not be
difcountenanced nor difcouragerf..

Baccn'i j^dvice to ViHicrt,

A depending kingdom is a term ofartunknowa
to all ancient civilians, and writers upon govern-
ment. Stvift.

Civilisa'tion. «./ [from f/ii//.] A law,
ad of juftice, or judgment, which ren-
ders a criminal procefs civil ; which is
performed by turning an information
into an inquell, or the contrary. Harris.

Civi'litv. n.f. [from civil.']

1. Freedom from barbarity; the ftate of
being civilized.

Tl;e EngUfli were at firft as ftout and warlike a
people as ever the Iri(h ; and jet ate now brought
unto that cimtiiy, that, no nat;on_exceUeth them,
in all goodly converfation, and afi the (tttdies of
knowle-ige and humanity. .Wfr/Ir,

Divers great monarchies have rifen from bar-
barifm to civility, and fallen again to ruin.

Davies on Irtlimd,

Wherefoe'er her conquering eagles fled,
-Arts, learning, and cii'iiity were ipread.

Dcnlani's Pterrs.

2. Politenefs ; complaifance; elegance of
behaviour.

Art thou thus bolden'd, man, by thy dirtrefs f
Or elfe a rude dcfpifer of good manners.
That in civility thou feeni'ft fo empty i Shttkrfp.

He, by his great civility and affability, wrought
very much upon the people. Clarcnd<.n.

I (hould be kept from a publication, did not,
what your civility calls a rcqueft, your greatjicii
command. South.

We, in point of civility, yield to others in our
own h'ufes. - Siiift.

3. Rule of decency ; praftice of politenefs.

Love taught him ihame ; and fliame, with love
at (frife.
Soon taught the fweet civilities of life. Drydch.
To Ci'viLizE. I.', a. [from civil.'] To re-
claim from favagencfs and brutality; to
inftruft in the arts of regular life.
Wc fend th'- graces and the mules forth
To civilize and to inftruft tiie North. ffaller,

Mufreiis firil, then Orpheus, clvi!is:e
Mankind, and give the 'AorliJ their deities.

DtnhaK.
Amongft tbnfe who are counted the civilized
part of mankind, tliis^oiiginal law ot nature Itiil
takes place. Lode.

Ofiris, or Bacchus, is reported to have civilized
the Indians, and reigned amongll them fifty-two I

yearf. j^rhuthnct.

C 1 'v I L I z e R . ». / [ from ci'vilixe.] He that
reclaims others from a wild and favage
life ; he that teaches the rules and cuf-
toms of civility.

The civiliners /— the difturbers fay ;
The robbers, the corrupters of mankind !

Philips' s Btilm,
Ci'viLi.Y. adv. [from civil.]

1. In a manner relating to government,
or to ti'.e rights or charafter of a mem-
ber of a community ; not naturally.

Men that are civil lead their live^ after one
common law; for that a multitude fliould, with-
out harmony, concur in the doing of one thing
(for this is civilly to live), or fliould manage com-
munity ot life. It 15 not poflible. Hooker,

2. Not criminally.

That accufation, which is publick, is either
civilly commenced for the private fatisfatHon of
the pirry injured ; or cllc criminally, that is, fir
fome publitk punifliinenr. ^yliffe,

3. Politely; complaifantly; gently; with-
out rudenefs ; without brutality.

1 will deal a-T/;/fy with his poem > : nothing ill is

to be fpokcn of tiie 'lead. Drydcn's Pref, to his Fab.

S f * J would

C L A

I would hive had Almeria and Ofaiyn parted

civillj ; a» if it wju not proper for lovers to do fo.

Collitr cf ihe Stagt.

He thought tlicm folks that loft tlleir way,
And aflc'd them civil'y to ftay. Pi'itr,

4. Without gay or gaudy colours.

The chambers were nandf )mc and cheerful, and
furniifaed civilly* Bacon*i Nnv jii!amtis>

CizE. It. /. [perhaps from incifa, Lat.
Ihaped or cut to a certain magnitude.]
The quantity of any thing, with regard
to its external form : often written yfaif.

If no motion can alter bodies, that is, reduce
them to fome other cixi or figure, then there is
none of itfelf to give them the ciii and figure
which they haVe. Crew's Cttfmohgij.

Clack. ». / [^/a/^^M, Germ, to rattle,
to make a noife.]

1. Any thing that makes a lafting and im-
portunate noife: generally ufed in con-
tempt for the tongue.

But Aili bis tongue ran on,
And with its evcrlafling clack
Set all men's ears upon the rack. IJuctilrm.

Fancy flows in, and mufe flics high ;
He knows not when my clack will lie. Pri'.r,

2. The Clack of a Mill. A bell that rings
when more corn is required to be put in.

Says John, jufl at the hopper will 1 ftand.
And mark the ilack bjw juftly it will found.

' Bcitcrleti •

7a Clack, v. n. [from the noun.]

1 . To make a chinking noife.

2. To let the tongue run.

To Clack, -u. a. As to clack luool, is to
cut off the (heep's mark, which makes
it to weigh lefs, and fo yield the lefs
cuHom to the king. Coiuell.

Clad. part. pret. [This participle, which
IS now referred to clothe, feems original-
ly to have belonged to clodcn, or fome
fuch word, like kleeden, Dutch.] Cloth-
ed ; inverted ; garbed.

So oft in fealis with coftly changes clad.
To crammed maws a fpract new ftomach brings.

Sidnty.
He hath rWhimfcIf with a new garment.

I Kirgs.
Beyond
The flow'ry dale of Sibma, clad with vine. Millai.

Their prayers clad
With inccnfe, where the golden altar fum'd
Ky their great intcrcelTor. Millcn.

But virtue too, as well as vice, is clad
In flelh and biood. Waller.

To her the weeping hcav'ns become fercne ;
For her the ground iiclad in cheerful green. Dryd.
The courtiers were all moll magailiccntly clad,

Swift.
To CLAIM, -v. a. [clamer, French.] To
demand of right ; to require authorita-
tively ; not to beg or accept as favour,
' but to exa.t\ as due.

If only one man hath a divine right to obedi-
ence, no body can claim that obedience but he that
can (hew his right. Lickt.-

We muft know how the firft ruler, from whom
any one claims, came by his authority, before we
can know who has a right to fuccced him in it.

Locke,
Poets have andoubted right to claim.
If not tlie grcatcft, the moll Ulling name, dttgreve.

Claim, n.f. [from the verb.]
I. A demand of any thing, as due.

You, in the right of laJy Blanch your wife,
May then make all the rAt/xi that Arthur did.

Sbakrfptare.
Forfworn thyfelf ! The traitor's odious name
I isH. leiuro, and tbca difprorc thy clttim, Dryden.

C L A

Will be not, therefore, of iheiwo evils chofethe
leaft, by fubmitting to a mailer who hath nb im-
mediate claim upon him, rather than to another
who hath already revived fevetal claiits upon him >

Stvift .

z. A title to any privilege or poiTeflion in
the hands of another.

Either there muft have b.-en but one fovereign
over them all, or elfe every father of a family had
been as good a prince, and had as goud a claim to
royaltj', as thefe. Ltckt.

3. In law.

A demand of any thing that is in the porteflion
of another, or at the leaft out of his own j as claim
by charter, c'airr. by defcent. Orwell.

4. The phrafes are commonly to make
claim, or to lay claim.

The king of Pruflia lays in his claim for Neuf-
Chatel, as he did for the principality of Orange.
yijjifin on J.'aly.

If God, by pofitive grant, gave dominion to any
man, primogeniture can lay no claim to it, unlefs
God ordained. Locke.

Clai'mable. adj. [from claim.] That
which may be demanded as due.

Clai'mant. n.f. [from claim.] He that
demands any thing, as unjuftly detained
by another.

Clai'mer. ». / [from f /<»»»>.] He that
makes a demand ; he that requires any
thing, as unjuftly withheld from him.

Clair-obscure. «. /. Sec Clare-
obscure.

To Cla';4ber. t. ». [probably corrupted
from climh ; as climber, clamber.] To
climb with difficulty, as with both hands

and feet.

The kitchen malkin pins
Her richeft lockram 'bout her reechy neck,
Clami'rirg the walls to eye him. Shakejpeare.

When you hear the drum,
Clamber not you up to the caferaents then. Shak,

The men there do, not without fome difficulty,
clambir up the acclivities, dragging their kinc with
them. Ray.

They were forced to clamber over fo many
rocks, and to tread upon the brink of fo many
precipices, that they were very often in danger of
their lives. Addijuns Freeholder.

To CLAMM. v. a. [in fome provinces, to
cleam ; from clasmian, Saxon, to glue to-
gether.] To clog with any glutinous
matter.

A fwarro of wafps got into a honey-pot, and
there they cloyed and clammed themfelves till there
was no getting out again. VEJirarre.

The fprigs were all daubed with lime, and the
birds clammed and taken. L'Eflrav^e.

Cla'mminess. n.f. [irom clammy.] Vif-
cofity ; vifcidity ; tenacity ; ropinefs.

A grcafy pipkin will fpoil the clarnminrfs of the
glue. Ifdoxan.

Cla'mmy. adj. [from clamm.] Vifcous ;
glutinous ; tenacious ; adhefive ; ropy.

Bodies ^/iiKny and cleaving, have an appetite, at
once, to follow another body, and to hold to them-
felves. Baien.

Neither the brain nor fpirits can conferve mo-
tion ; the form"r is of fuch a clammy confidence,
it can no more retain it than a quagmire.

Clarville's Scefjis.

Aghaft he wak'd, and flatting from his bed.
Cold fwcat, in clammy drops, hii limbs o'erfpreid.

Drydeii.
Joyful thou'lt fee
The clammy fitface all o'er-ftrown with tribes
Of greedy infefls. Philifs.

There is an unftuous clammy vapour that arifes
from the ftum of grapes, when they lie maftied to-
gether in the vat, which puts out a light when dip-
ped into it, /Udijtit tnjialj-

C L A

The continuance of the fever, ilammy fweats,
palcnefs, and at laft a total celTation of pain, art
figns of a gangrene and approaching death.

ylrbu'hnot 5JI XiJet,

Cla'morous. adj. [{rom clamour.] Voci-
ferous ; noify ; turbulent ; loud.

It is no fufficient argument to fay, that, in urg-
ing thefe ccre-Tionics, none are fo clamorous as pa-
pitls, and they whom papifts fuhorn. Honker.

He kifs'd her lips
With fuch a etamorcus finack, that at the parting
All the church echo'd. Shekrjfeare.

At my birth
The goats ran from the mountains, and the herds
Were ftrangely clem'roHS in the frighted fields.

Shakejpeare.
With the eltmaroids report of war
Thus will I drown your exclamations. Slakcfpeare.

Then vaiious elements ag^iinft thcc join'd.
In one more various animal combin'd.
And fram'd the clamorous race of bufy human kind.

Po(,e.
A pamphlet that will fettle the wavering, i'n-
ftru£i the ignorant, and inflame }he clamenus.

Stuift.
CLA'MOUR. n. f [clamor, Latin.]

1. Outcry; noife; exclamation; vocife-
ration.

Revoke thy doom.
Or whilft I can vent clamour from my throat,
I'll tell thee, thou do'll evil. Shakejfeare.

The people giew then exorbitant In their cla-
mturi for juftice. AT/jg Charles.

The maid
Shall weep the fury of my love decay'J ;
And weeping follow me, as thou do'ft now.
With idle clamours of a broken vow. Prhr,

2. It is ufed fonietimes, but lefs fitly, of
inanimate things.

Here the loud Arno's boift'rotts clamours ceafe
That with fubmiflive murmurs glides in peace.

Mdifin.

7'oCla'mour. v. n. [from the noun.]

1. To make outcries ; to exclaim ; to vo-
ciferate ; to roar in turbulence.

The obfcurc bird clamour'd the live-long night.

Shakejpeare,

Let them not come in multitudes, or in a tribu-
nitious manner : for that is to clamour counfels,
not to infor.-n them_. Bacon's Effhys.

2. In Shakeffeare'it feems to mean, active-
ly, to flop from noife.

Clamour your tongues, and not a word more.

Shakejpeare.
Clamp, n.f. [clamp, French.]

A piece of wood joined to another, as
an addition of ftrength.
2. A quantity of bricks.

To burn a clemp of bricks of fixteen thoufand,
they allow k\cn ton of coals. Mortimer's Hujb.

To Clamp. 1;. a. [from the noun.]

When a piece of board is fitted with the grain to
the end of another piece of board crcfs the grain,
the firft board is clarr.prd. Thus the end's of tables
are commonly damped to preferve them from warp«
ing. Moxon's Mechanical Excrcifes,

Clan. n. f. [probably of Scottilh origi-
nal ; klaan, in the Highlands, fignifi;s
children. ]

J . A family ; a race. ,

'I'hey around the flag
Of each his faction, in their feveral clans.
Swarm populous, unnumber'd. Ikfihon.

Milton was the poetical fon of Spenfcr, and Mr.
Waller of Fairfax j for we have our lineal dcfcents
and clans as well as other families. Dryden.

2. A body or fcdl of perfons, in a fenfc of
contempt,

Partridge and the reft of his clan may hoot me
for a cheat, if I fail in any fingle particular. Stvift.

Cla'ncvlar.

C L A

CtA'NCULAR. fl<^'. [claiKulariiet, Latin.]
Clandeillne ; fecret ; private ; conceal-
ed ; obfcure ; hidden.

LeE us -A-ithdraw all lupplies from our hjfts, and
not by any fecrec rcfetved ^S^iXion give cheai clan-
cii'ar aids to maintain ^beir rebeiiion*

Decay cfPsety.

CL ANDE'STINE.ff«7. [<-/«Wc/?/w, Lat.]
Secret ; hidden ; private : in an ill
fenfe.

Tho' nitrous tempelts, and cltrMJiini death,
Fill'd the deep caves and numerous vaults beneath,

Clande'stinely. adv. ]Jxom dandef-
iine.'\ Secretly; privately; in private;
in fecret.

There have been two printed papers clanitfiirtly
fpread about, whereof no man is able to trace the
original. Siv'ift.

CLANG, n. /, {clangor, Lat.] A Iharp,
fiirill noife.

With fuch a horrid clang
As on mount Sinai rang.

While the red 6re aad fmould'ring clouds out-
break. Milton.
An Ifland f.ilt and bare
The haunt of feals and ores, and fca-mews clang.

Milton.
What cltngs were heard in German (kies afar.
Of arms and armies rulhing to the war! Drydcn.

Guns, and trumpets clongt and folcmn found
Of drunis, o'ercamc tbcir groans. PkiDps.

To Clang, -v. n. \clango, Lat.l To clat-
ter ; to make a loud Ihrill noife.

Have I not in a pitched battle heard
Loud 'larums, neighing ftceds, an4 trumpets chwg ?

Bhakejpiarc.
The Libyans, clad io armour, lead
-fbc dance; and tiatigmg fwords and fliields they
beat. _ Priir.

To Clang, -v. a. To (Irike together with
a noife.

The fierce Curetes trod tumultuous
Their myftic dailce, and clang'd their founding

arms;
Induftrious with the warlilce din t« quell
Thy infant cries. Pritir.

Cr, a'ngour. n.f. [clangor, Lat.] Aloud
ihrill found. '

in ddth he cried.
Like to a difmal clangour heard fiom far,
Warwick, rcie:;gc my death. Stakeffiare.

With joy tar'y vir.w the waving enfigns fly,
And hejr the trutf cts clan^nar pierce tiie fky.

Dryilcn.

Cla'ngoui. adj. [itom clang.] Making
a clang.

We do not obferve the cranes, and birds of long
necks, have any mulical, but harlh and cljngout
throats. Brc-wn.

Clank, n.f. [from clang."] Aloud, (hrilf,
fharp noife, made by ths collifion cf
hard and for' ■ " ies.

: melodious clank of
- ■ •■ *'• !>pcSlator.

[clappan. Sax. klapptn,

They were ^
lTl3rr'>w-bjnc ana

To CLAP. -v. a

Dutch.]
I. To ftrike together with a quick motion,

fo as to make a noife by the collifion.

Following the fliers.
With them he enters; who, upon the fudden,
Clapt to their gates. ShakcJ/xare.

Mm (hall claf their bands at him, and &ail hi^ls
him out of his place. y»i.

Have you never fecn a citixen, in a cold marn-
iflg, claffing his Gdei, aad walking before his
fl>f>P ' _ Dryden.

He crowing i!af,p'ii his wingt, th' appointed call
T» chuck bis wivtJ together in the hall.

Dryden'i Fablit.

C L A

Each port of the air her glary Cng',
And round him the pleas'd audience clap thtir
wings. Drydm.

He had juft time to get in and clap ti the door,
to avoid the blow. Locke on Educathn.

In flowVy wreathes the royal virgin dieft
His bending horns, and kindly chpt his bread,

Addifon.

Glad of a quarrel, ftraight 1 clap the door.
Sir, letmcfeeyourworicsand you no more. Pope.

2. To add one thing to another, implying
the idea of fomething hafty, unexpefted,
or fudden.

They c/ap mouth to mouth, wing to wing, and
leg to leg ; and fo, after a fwxet finging, fjll down
into lakes. Carcw.

This pink is one of Cupid's cairiers : c/ap on
more fails; purfue. Shakifpare.

Smooth temptations, like the fun, makean.aid-
en lay by her veil and robe; which pcrfecution,
like the northern wind, made her hold faft, and
clap clofe about her. layUr,

If a man be highly commended, we think him
fufficicntly Icflened, if we dap fm, or folly, or in-
Brmity into his account. 7aylir's Living Hcly.
Razor-makers generally clap a fnjall bar of Ve-
nice fteel between two fmall birs of Flemilb ftecl.
« Muxon'i Mectankal Excrcif;!.

The man clapt his fingers one day to his mouth,
and blew upon them. LlEJlrange.

His (hield thrown by, to mitigate the fmart,
He clapp''d his hand upon the wounded part. Dryd.
If you leave fome I'pace empty for the air, then
cUp your hand upon the mouth of the vcfTel, and
the filhes will contend to get uppermoft in the
water. Ray m the Creation.

It would be as abfurd as to fay, he clapped fpurs
to his horfe at St. James's, and galloped away to
the Hague. Addfn.

By having their minds yet in their perfe£l free-
dom and indifferency, they purfue trutii the better,
having no bias yet ctapptd on to miflead them.

Locke.

I have obfcrved a certain cheerfulnefs in as bad

a fyftem of features as ever was clapped together,

which hath appeared lovely. AdJipn's Speilater.

Let all her ways be unconfin'd.

And clap your padlock on her mind. Prior.

Socrates or Alexander might have a fool's coat

elapt upon them, and perhaps neither wifdoni nor

majeily would fccurc them from a Oieer.

IVatts on the Mind.

. To do any thing with a fudden hafty
motion, or unexpededly.

We were dead afleep.
And, how we know not, all c'apt under hatches,

Shakefpeare.
He was no fconer entered into the town, but a
ftambling foldierr/a/r hold of his bridle, which he
thought was in a begging or in a drunken fafliiofi.

Woiton'i Life cf Buck.

So much from the reft of Jiis countrymen, and

indeed from his whole fpecies, that his fiicnds

would have clapped him into bedlam, and have

begg-d his eftate. SjedMor.

Have you obfcrv'd a fitting hare,
Lift'niiig, and fearful of the ftorm
Of horns and hounds, cUp back her ear ? Prior.
We will uke our remedy at law, and c/ap an
aflion upon you for old dcbu.

Ariuitti'j'i Uiftory of John Bull.

To celebrate or praife by clapping the
hands ; to applaud.

I have often heard the ftitioner wilhing for
thoi'e hands to take uK his melancholy bargain,
which dipped it; performance on die ftagc.

Dedication to Dryden's Spanijh Friar.

To infefl with a venereal poijfon. [See
the noun.]

If the patient hath been dapt, it will be the more
difficult to cure him the fecond time, and worfe
tJic third. mjemM.

Let men and manners ev'ry di(h adapt;
Who'd force bis p ff per wbcic his gucAs are clapt f

King.

C L A

6. 7o Clap up. To complete fuddenly,
without much precaution.

No longer than we welt could waih our hands,

To clap this royal bargain up of peace. Sbakefp»

Was ever match clapt up fo fuddenly ? Shahfp,

A peace may be clapped up with that fuddennefs,

that the forces, wjiich are now in itiotion, may

unexpedledly fall upon his fkirts.

HotveVs Vocal Forejl,

J. To Clap up. To imprifon with little
formality or delay.

Being prefented to the emperor for his admira..
ble beauty, he was known, and the prince clapt
him up as his inveiglcr, Sandys,

To Clap. -v. n.

1. To move nimbly with a noife.

Every door flew op-ni
T' admit my entrance ; and then clapt behind me.
To bar my going back. Dryden,

A whirlwind rofe, that with a violent blaft
Sliook all the dome : the doors around me clapt.

Dryden,

2. To enter with alacrity and brilknefs up •
on any thing.

Come, a fong.~— •
—Shall we clap into 't roundly, without faying wn

arc hoarfe .' Shakefpeare.

3. To ftrike the hands together in ap-
plaufe.

All the beft men are ours; for 'tis ill hap
If they hold, when tlieir ladies bid 'em !:/«/'. Shah. ^
Clap. n.f. [from the verb.]

1 . A loud nolle made by fudden collifion.

Give the door fuch a clap as you go out, as
will fliake the whole room, and make every tiling
rattle in it. Smft.

2 . A fudden or unexpeiled aft or motion.

It is monftrous to me, that the fouth-fea fliould
pay half their debts at one clap. Sivift'i Lelters.

3. An explofion of thunder.

There Ihall be horrible claps of thunder, and
flalhes of lightning, voices and earthquakes.

liakrujill on Providence.
The clap it paft, and now the ikies are clear.

Dryden s fuv,

4. An aft of applaufe.

The ai3ors, in the inidft of an innocent old
play, are often ftartled in the midft of unexpefted
claps or hiffes, Addifon.

5. A fudden or unexpefted misfortune.
Obfolete.

6. A venereal infeftion. [from clapolr, Pr.]
Time, that at laft matures a claf to pox. Pope,

7. [With falconers.] The nether part of
the beak of a hawk,

Cla'pper, ti.f. [from clap.]

1. One who claps with his hands ; an ap-
plauder.

2. The tongue of a bell.

He hath a h^art as found as a bell, and his
tongue is the clapper; for what his heart thinks,
his tongue fpcaks. Shakefpeare.

I f<w a yojn^ lady fall down the other day, and
/he much rcfeniblcd an overturned bell without a
cl''J>fi'r. Addifoa.

3 . Ct. APPttL of a Mill. A piece of wood
ftiaking the hopper.

To Cla'pi'ercl AW. -v. a. [from clap and
cla-Tv.] To tongurbeat ; to fcold.

They are clapp.-rctaiiing one another, I'll look
■">• , ■ Shakefpeare.

They've always been at daggers-drawing.
And one another !-/a//fr.7n«i»^. Uudibrai.

CLA'RENcEux.or Cla'rbncievx. n.f.

The fecond king at arms : fo named

from tlie ducliy oS^Jaretice.
Clare-obscure, tf, f, [from clarus,

bright, and obfcunu, Lat.] Light and
. fhadc in painting,

M

C L A

A& mafterc in the ehrc-tljcmi
With various light jour tye alluiej
A flaming yfllow here they fpreidi
Draw ofF in blue, or charge in red ;
Yet fiO:n thefe colours, oddly mixM,
Your fight upon the whale is fix'd. Prrw.

Cla'ret. «./. [Jairet, Ft.] French wine,
of a. clear pale red colour.

Red and white wine are in a trice confoundcJ
into (hrttm Soy!^»

The claret fmooth, red as the lips we prcfs
In fparlcling fancyj while wc drain the bowl.

ThonJ'tr.

Cla'ricord. h./. [from a'arus and chcr-
i/a, Latin.]

A mulical inftruineiit in form of a fpinette, but
more ancient. It has forty-nine or fifty keys, and
fevcoty ilrings. Cbambirs.

Clarifica'tjon. n. /. [ftova clarify.]
The adl of making any thing clear from
impurities.

Liquors are, many of them, at tbs firft, thick
and troubled; as mulVe, and wort: to know the
means of accelerating clarificauim> we mud know
the caufc$ of f/jri^fd/iojr. Bactn.

To CLA'RIFY. V. a. [clarifier, French.]

1. To purify or clear any liquor; to fe-
parate from feculencies or impurities.

The apothecaries claiify their fyrups by whites
of eggs, beaten with the juices which they would
tlarify \ which whites of eggs gather all the dregs
and grolTer parts of the juice to them; and afterj
the fyrup being fet on the fire, the whites of eggs
thenifelvcs harden, and arc taken forth. Bac^n,

2. To brighten; to illuminate. This fenfe
is rare.

The will was then duflile and pliant to all the
motions of right reafon : it met the dictates of a
ctarifial undeHlanding half way. South.

The Chriftian religion Is tlje only means that
God has fanOitied, to fet fallen man upon his k-gs
again, to clarify his reafon, and to reflify his will.

Soutb,

To Cla'rify. 1/. «. To clear up; to
grow bright.

Whofoever hath his mind fraught with many
thoughts, his wits and underftanding di clarfy
and break up in the difcourfing with another; he
marfhallcth his thoughts more orderly, he feeth
how they look when they are turned into words.

Bacon's mTnys.
Ci.a'riok. n. f. [clarin, Spanilh ; from
clarus, loud, Lat.] A trumpet ; a wind
inArument of war.

And after to his palace he them brings,
Wi'.h (hams, and trumpets, and with darknt fweet ;
And all the way thejoyous people fings. Speiifir.
' . Then ftrait commands, that at the warlike found
Of trumpets loud, and clancnt, be uprcarM
The mighty flandard. , Milton' t ParaM/e LcJI.

Let fuller notes th' applauding wotUi amaze.
And the loud ctaricn labour in your praifc. Pope*

Cla'rity. n.f. [clarte, French; claritas,
Latin.] Brightnefs ; fplendour.

A light by abundant clarity invifible ; an Ufl>
ierftanding which itfelf can only comprehend.

Sir Walter Raleigh.
Man was not only deceivable in his integrity,
but the angels of light in all their clarity*

Brtiun's f^ulgar Errcurs.

Cla'rv. »./. [herminium, Lat.] An herb.

Plants that have ciicled leaves du all abound with
moilture. The weakelt kind of curling is rough-
nefs ; as in clary and burr. Bacon i Natural lliji.

Tc CLASH, -v. n. [iletfea, Dut. to make

a noife.l
I. To make a noife by mutual coUifion ;

to ftrike one againll another.

Three tiire*, as of the e.'ajhing found
Of uati, we heard. Detibam.

C L A

Thofc fcw ttiat fliouH happen to elajb, Ihight
rebound after the collilion. BenlUy.

How many candles may fend out their light,
vii\.\\a\ix ihJUngi upon one another! which argues
the fmalloeCi of the parts of light, and the latge-
nefs of the interfticei between particles of air and
other bodies._ . Cieyirf .

2. To aft with oppofite power, or contrary
direftion.

Ncitlierwas thete any queen-mother who might
clafi with his counfellors for authority. Bacon.

Thofe that are not convinced what help this i'
to mafjiftracy, would find it, if they fljould chance
to "'V*- South.

3. To contradifl ; to oppofe.

Wherever there are men, there will be clafiiing
fome time or other; and a knock, or a conteii,
fpoilsall. VEflrange.

The afafurdity in tliif inllance is obvious ; and
yet every time that clajh'wg metaphors are put
together, this fault is committed. Spiciaisr.

Tc Clash, f. a. To ftrike one thing a-
gainft another, fo as to produce a noife.

The nodding ftatue clajh'd b\s arms.
And with a fullcn found, and feeble crj-.
Half funk, and half pronounc'd the word of vic-
tor)-. Diydcn.

Clash, n. f. [from the verb.]

1. A noify colli<ion of two bodies.

The clajh of arms and voice of .men we hear.

Denbam.
He nobly feia'd thee In the dire alarm;
Of war and flauViter, and the clajh of arms. Pofc.

2. Oppofition; contradicUon.

Then from the clajhet between popes and kings,
Debate, like fparks from flint's coUifion, fprings.

DenhuK.

In the very next line he reconciles the fatliers
and fcripture, and (hews there is no r/.i/o betwixt
them. yttiaiiury.

CLASP, n.f [chifpc'DatQh.]

1 . A hook to hold any thing clofe ; as .1
bool^ or garment.

The fcurpion's claws here grafp a wide extent,
And here the crab's in Icflcr clajpi are bent. Md':f-

He took me afide, cpening' the claffi of the
parchment cover. Arbuthnot and Pope.

2. An embrace, in contempt.

Your fair daughter,
Tranfportcd with no worfe nor better guard.
But with a knave of hire, a gondjlier,
To the grnfs chfpi of a lafcivious Moor. Sbahefp.

To Clasp, --v. a. [from the noun.]

1. To Ihut with a clafp.

Sermons ,ire the keys of the kingdom of heaven,
and do open tiie fcriptures; which being but read,
remain, in comparifon, dill clajped. Hooker.

There Caxton (lept, witii Wynkln at his iidc;
One cl.-fp'd \n wood, and one in ftrong cowhide.

Pope.

2. To catch and hold by twining,

Pirca
The clajping Ivy 'a here to ciimb. Milicn's Par, Loft.

3. To hold with the hands extended ; to
, indole between the hand.s.

Occafion turneth the handle of the bottle fitft to
be received ; and after the belly, which is hard to
clafp. ' Bacon.

4. To embrace.

Thou art a flave, whom fortune's tender arm
With favour never chfpt, but bred a dog. Shakeff,

Thy fuppiiant
I beg, and Hafp thy knees. Milton's Par. Loft.

He ftoop'd below
The flying fpear, and ihun'd the promis'd blow;
Then creeping, claj'p'd the hero's knees, and pray'd.

Dry den.
Now, now heclafps her to his panting breaft;
Now he devours her with his eager eyes. , Smith.

5. To inclofe.

Boys, with women's voices.
Strive to fpcak big, and clafp their female joints
In ftiif uiiweildy arms againft tJiy crown, Stakefp.

^icK. l^'^j' {^^"f'^"'' Latin.]

C L A

Cla'sper. n.f [from clafp,] The ten.
drils or threads of creeping plants, by
which they cling to other things for fup-
port.

The tendtels or clafpert of plants art given only
to fuch fpeeies at have weak and infirm (talks.

Ray on the Crep'unu

Cla'spknife. «./ [from f^a/^ and )fff/^.]

A knife which folds into the handle.
CL.ASS. n.f. [from clajjis, Latin.]

1 . A rank or order of perfons.

Srgrais has diftinguilhed the readers of poetry,
.iccordi.ng to their capacity of judging, into three
clajjis. Dryden.

2. A number of boys learning the /ame
leHbn at the fchool.

Wc (hall be feized away from this lower clafs
in the fchool of knowledge, and our converfation
(hall be with angels and illuminated fpirits.

fVattt c» the Mind.

3. A fet of beings or things ; a number
ranged in diftribution, under fome com-
mon denomination.

Among this herd of politicians, any one fet
make a very cjnfiderable clajs of men.

Addijcn's Freeholder.

Whate'er of mongrel, no one clafs admits
A wit with dunces, and a dunce with wits. Pope,

To Class. 1/. a. [from the noun.] To
range according to fome Hated method
of diftribution ; to range according to
different ranks.

I confidered that, by the clajjinr and methodi-
zing fuch paffages, I might inftrua the reader.

Arhulbnot en Coint,

Cla'ssical.

C la's SI

1. Relating to antique authors; relating
to literature,

Poetick fields encompafs me around,
And ftiil I feem to tread on clajjick ground. AJdif.

With them the genius of clajpck learning dweU
leth, and from them it is derived.

FJton CH the ClaJJickt.

2. Of the fir ft order or rank.

From this ftanJard the value of the Roman
weights and coins are deduced : in the fettling
of which I have foIloATd Mr. Greaves, who
may be juftly reckoned a clajftcal author on this
fubjec>. A'-hutbnot on Coint.

Cla'ssick, n.f. [iiijicus, Lat.] ,^n au-
thor of the firlt rank : ufuaJly taken for
ancient authors.

The clafu-ks of an age that heard of none. Pope.

CLJ'SSIS. n.f [Latin.] Order; fort;

body.

He had declared his opinion of that f/<>^j of
men, and did all he could to binder their growth.

Clarendon.

To CLA'TTER. v. n. [clarpunje, a rat-
tle, Saxon.]

1. To make a noife by. knocking two fo-
norous bodies frequently together.

Now the fprightly trumpet from afar
Had rous'd the neighing .leeds to fcour the fields.
While the fierce riders clatter" don their fiiiclds.

DryJen.

2. To utter a noife by being ftrnck toge-
ther.

Ail that night was heard an unwonted clattering
of weapons, and of men running to and fro.

Knolles's Hiftory.
Down funk the monfter-bulk, and prefs'd the
ground ;
His arms and clattering fliield on the vaft body
found. Dryden.

Their clattering arms with tljc fierce fhocks
refound ;
Hclmeti and broken launces fjieaJ the ground.

Cranxille,

3. To

C L A

3. To talk faft and idly.

Here is a g.eat deal of good matter

Left for lack of telling ;
N.iw, fiker, I fee thou do'ft but clatter;
Herm may come of melling. Sfenfrr.

All thofa airy fpecolations, which bettered not
men's manners, were wnly a noife and chtieriag ot
words. Decay of Piety.

To Cla'tTER. 1/. a.

1. To ftrike any thing lb as to make it
found and rattle.

I only with an oaken ftaffwill meet thee.
And raife fuch outcries on thy clatter'd iron,
That thou oft (halt wifli thyfelf at Gath. Milun.
When all the bees are gone to fettle,

You clatter ftiU your brazen kettle. Swift.

2. To difpute, jar, or clamour : a low
word. Martin.

Cla'tter. n.f. [from the verb.]

1. A rattling noife made by the frequent
a.nd quick coUifion of fonorous bodies.
A clatter is a clap often repeated with
great quicknefs, and feems to convey
the idea of a found (harper and fhriller
than rattle. [See the verb.]

1 have feen a monkey overthrow all the diflirs
«nd plates in a kitchen, merely for the pleasure of
feeing them tumble, and hearing the clattc they
made in their fjll. Swift,

2. It is uft:d for anyitumultuous and con-
fufed noife.

By this great clatter, one of the greateft note
Scem» bruited. Shakcffeate.

G row to be fhoit.
Throw by your datter^
And handle the matter. Ben Jeifim.

O Rourk's joily boyj
Ne'er dreamt of the matter,
Till rous'd by the noife
And mufical clatter. Staift.

The jumbling particles of matter
In chaos make not fuch a clatter, Stvift.

Cla'vated. atij. [elavatui, Lat.] Knob-
bed; fet with knobs.

Theft appear plaiily to have been clavaied
fpikcs of fome kind of echinus ovariut.

'■" ' ' Wmdviard on Fcfpls.

Cla'udbnt. aJj, [cUuitens, Lat.] Shut-
ting; inclofing; confining. DiJI.
To CLA'UDICATE. -v. n. \claudko, La-
tin.] To halt; to limp. Dia.
Claudica'tion, n.f. [fromf/aad/Va/c]
The aft or habit of halting. Dia.
Clave, [the preterite of dea-ve.l See

Cleave.
Cla'vellates. adj. {clo'vellatut, low
Latin.] Made with burnt tartar: a
chymical terra. Chambers.

Air, traiifmittcd through etavellated aflies into
an exhaufted receiver, \aSa weight » it paffes
through them. ArimbrM.

Cla'ver. n.f. [claepeji pypr, Sax.] Thi,s
is now nniverfally written clover, though
not fo properly. See Clover.
Cla'vjcle. n.f. \yiavicula. Lat.'] The
collar bone.

Some quadrupeda can bring their fore feet unto
their mouths ; as mod that have clavicia, or collar
•"O""- . , Brmjn.

A girl was brought with angry wheaU down
■ her neck, towards the clavicle. IViJeman't Surrerj.

Clause. «./. [dau/ula, Latin.]
I. A fentence; a finglc part of a dif-
courfe ; a fubdivifion of a larger fen-
tence ; fo much of a fenteoce ai is to be
construed together.

Cod may be gloriiied by obedience, and obeyed
by perfermance of Lis wiii, although no Ipccial

C L A

tiauft or fentence of fcripture be in tvery fuch
adtion fet before men's eyes to waj-rant it. ilockcr.
2. An article, or particular ftipulation.
The c/aufe is untrue concerning the bilhop.

Hooker.

When, after his death, thty were fent both to

Jews and Gentiles, we find nc)t this elaife in their

commirticn. Smth.

Cla'ustral. ac//. [ftom elauftriim, Lat.]
Relating to a cloyller, or religious houie.
_ Clauf.ral priors are fuch as prefiJe over monafte-
ries, next to the abbot or chief governour in fuch
religious houfes. Ayliffe.

Cla'usure. n.f. [claufura, Lat.] Con-
finement ; -the aft of ihutting ; the ftate
of being (hut.

In fomc monaftcrics the fcverity of the clanjure
is hard to be born. GcJda.

CLAW. n.f. [clapan, Saxon.]

1 . The foot of a beaft or bird, armed with
(harp naih; or the pincers or holders of
a (hell-fi(h.

I faw her ranfe abroad to feek her food,
T' cmbrue her teeth and clatot with lukwarm
blood. Sfenfer.

What's jufticc to a man, or laws.
That never com-s within their claivi f Hudsbrai.

He foftens the harlh rigour of the laws,
Blunts their keen eijge, and grinds their harpy
clawi. Gerlh.

2. Sometimes a hand, in contempt.
To Claw. v. a. [clapan, Saxon.]

1. To tear with nails or claws.

Lo;k, if the nithei'd elder hath not his poll
clatu'd like a parrot. Sbakeffcare.

2. To pull, as with the nails.

1 .im afraid we (hall not cafily cla-j) off that
name. South.

3. To tear or fcratch in general.

But we mu(l cla-w ourfelves wirh (hameful
And heathen ftripes, by their example, Hudibras.

Tiiey for their own opinions (land faft,
Only to have them cla-u'd and canvaft. Huditrat.

4. To fcratch or tickle.

1 muft laugh whcivl am merry, and clfitf no
I man in his humour. ' Sbaicfpearr.

J. To flatter: an obfoiete fenfe. ' See
> Clawback. ■

6. To C LAV/ off, or away. To fcold ; to
rail at.

Ynu thank the place where you found money ;

but t'lic jade Fortune is to \k clatvid atvay for't, if

you ihould lofe it. L'Eflrange.

Cla'wback. n.f. [from ela^ and i.icL]

A flatterer ; a fycophant ; a whecdler.

The pope's clanrbucki. Jemcl.

Cla'wed. adj. [from daixi.] Furnilhcd or
armed with claws.

Among quadrupeds, of all the clawed, the lion

is the ftrongeft. G rcui' t Ccfmelogia

CLAY, n.f [clai, Welfh ; %, Dutch.] '

1, Unftuous and tenacious earth, fuch as

will mould into a certain form.

Clays .ire e.uths (irmly coherent, weighty and
comfiQ, rtilT, vifcid, and duOiletoa great degree,
whili: moift ; fmooth to the touch, not eafily break-
ing between the fingers, nor reaJily dlflufible in
water; and, when mixed, not readily fubfiding
f""" 't' Hill on Fofpls.

Deep Acheron,
Whofe troubled eddies, thick with ooze and clay.
Are whirl'd aloft. Dryden.

Expofe the clay to the rain, to drain it from iaits,
that the briciu way be more duribie.

H^oodtvard on Foffili.

Th« fun, which foftens wax, will harden claj.

fPait:.

Clover is the beft viay of improving 'la^', where
ounure i« ftarce. Monimei 1 llujhandry.

CLE

I 2. [In-poetry.] Earth in general ; the
terreftrial element.

Why (hould our clay
Over our fplrits fo much fway .' Dcnre.

To Clay. -v. a. [from the noun.] To
cover with clay ; to manure with clay.

This manurisg lafts fifty years : then the ground
muft be clayed again. Mortimer^s Hujhandry,

Clay. COLD. adj. [clay and cold.] Life-
lefs ; cold as the unanimated earth.

I wafh'd his clay. cold corfe v\'!th holy drop?,
And law )iim laid In hallow'd ground. RiWe,

Clay-pit. n.f. [clay and /;>.] A pit
where clay is dug.

"I'was found in a cUy-fit. Tfoodward en FoJ/ils.

CLAYEs.ti.f [claye, Pr. In fortification.]
Wattles made with Hakes interwove
with ofiers, to cover with lodgments.

Chambers.
Cla'vey. adj. [from clny.] Conlifting
of clay ; abounding with clay.

Some in a lax 01 fandy, ferae a heavy or clayey

foil. Derham.

Cla'vish. adj. [from clay.] Partaking of

the nature of clay; containing particles

of clay.

Small beer proves an unwholefome drink ; per-
haps, by being brewed wfth a tliick, muddi/h, aiii
elayipi water, whicli the brewers covet.

Hawey on CcrfuKptiint.
Cla'ymarl. n.f. [clay and marl.] A
whitiih, fmooth, chalky clay.

ticymarl refcmbles clay, and is near a-kin fo
it; b:it is more fat, and fometimes mixed with
chjik-ftoncs. Mortimer's Hujhandry.

CLEAN, adj. [glan, Wel(h ; cljene. Sax.]
1. Free from dirt or filth ; as, clean water. ,

Both his hands, moft filthy feculent,
Ab:)vc the water were on high extent,
And (ain'd to wadi themfclves incelf.intly ;
Yet nothing cleaner were for fuch intent.
But r.ither fouler. ,. Fairy Siveen.

They make clean the outfide of the cup and of
the platter, but within they are full of cxtoi tion
and exccfs. Mat:heiu.

He that hath clean hand-; and a pure heart. Ff.il.

Create in me a clean lieirt, O God ! Pfalms,

z. Free from moral impurity ; chafte ; in-
nocent ; guiltlefs.
3. Elegant; neat ; not unwieldy ; not en-
cumbered with ^ny thing ufclefs or dif-
proportioned.

The timber and wood are in fome trees more
clctin, in fome more knotty. Bacon's Natural Hijl,

Yet thy waift is ftraight and clean
As Cupid's (h.ift, or Hermes' rod. Waller.

4. Not foul with any loathfome difeafe ;
not leprous.

If die plague be fomewhat dark, and fprcad not
in the /kin, the prieft (hall pronounce him clean.

Leviticus.

5. Dextrous ; not bungling ; feat : as, a
clean trick ; a clean leap ; a clean boxer.

Clean, adv.

1. Quite; perfeftly; fully; completely.
This fenfe is now little ufed.

Their aOions have been clean contrary unto
tliofe before mentioned. Hoiker.

Being feated, and domeftick broils
Clean overblown. Shakcfpeare.

A philofopher, prclfcd with the fame obje<aion,
(hapes an anfwcr clean contrary,

Hakenjuill on Providence.

2. Without mifcarriage ; in a dexterous
manner.

Pope came 0^ clean with Homer; but they fay,
Broome went before, and kindly (Vpt the way.

Henlrt.

To

C L E

TfCttAK.v.a. [from the adjccUvc] To
free from dirt or liltli.

Their tiibcsadju(led,r/.r«n'i/th«irvig'rousM'ings,
And many a circle, many a fljort dfay,
Wheel'd round and round. Thmtftii,

Cle'anlily. adv. [from cltanly,] Iti a
cleanly manner.

Cle'anliness. n.J". [from cleanly.']

1. Freedom from dirt or filth.

I (hall fpeak nothing ot' the extent of this city,
the elianlmijs of its ftrtetf, nor the beauties of its
P'Mi". AiJifcn-

2. Neatnefs of drefs ; purity ; the quality
contrary to negligence and nallinefs.

The miArcfj thought it either not to dcfcrvc, or
not to need, any exijuinte decking, having no
adorning but cltanlmefs, SidHey.

From whence the tender /kin alTumes
A fvvcetnels above all perfumes 5
trom whence a ckanlimfs remains.
Incapable of outward ftains. Swift.

Such c/ainriKifs from head to heel ;
No humours grofs, or frowzy fleams,
No noifame whiffs, or fwcaty Ilrcams. Sivift.
Cle'anlv. oi/J. [from clean.]

1 . Free from dirtincfs ; careful to avoid
filth ; pure in the perfon.

Next that (hall mountain 'fparagus be laid, '
PuU'd by fome plain but c/ejn/jf country malJ.

Dryjin.

An ant is a very cltan^ infefl, and throws out
of her ncft all the fmall remains of the corn on
which flie feeds. Addijm.

2. That which makes cleanlinefs.

In our fantaftick climes, the fair
With cleanly powder dry their hair. Pi'iDr.

3. Pure; innocent | immaculate.

Perhaps human nature meets few more fweetiv
reiifliing and ckaisly joys, than thofe that derive
from fuccefsfu' trials. Glanv'iUe.

4. Nice; addrefsful; artful.

Through his li;ie handling, and \a% cleavly play,
All thofe ruyal figns had ftole away. Sferfc'r.

We can fecure ourfclvcs a retreat by (omt cleanly
evafion. L'E/lr'aige'i Fal>!cs.

Cle'anlv. ac/v: [from clean.] Elegantly;
neatly ; without naftinefs.

If I do grow great, I'll leave fack, and live
cleanly, as a nobleman (hnild. Shakcjp. Hcr.ry IV.

Cle'anness. ». /.■ [from clea/i.]

1. Neatnels ; freedom from filth.

2. Eafy exaftnefs; jullncfs; natural, un-
laboured correftriefs.

He fliewcd no ftrcngth in fliaking of his ftaff;
but the fine cUanrift of bearing it was delightful.

Sidney.

He minded only the clcarnefs of his fatirc, and
the cUannefs of exprcdion. Dryden'i Ju-uenal.

3. Pnrity ; innocence. i

The cltanrefs and purity of onr's mind is never
better proved, than in difcovoring its own faults at
firft view. Pabt.

To Cleanse, o/. a. [cl«nfian, Saxon.]

1 . To free from filth or dirt, by wadiing
or rubbing.

CUanfe the pale corps with a religious hind
From thcpollutingweed andcommon fand. Pncr.

2. To purify from guilt.

The bluencfs of a wound clanfeih away evil.

Provtrbi.
Not all her od'rooi tears can eleanfe her ci iirc,
The plant alone deforms the happy ciime. Drydtn.

3. To free from ■ noxious humours by pur-
gation.

Canft thou not minifter to a mind difcas'd,
A . with fome fwoet oblivious antidote,
CUanfe the ftufF'd bofom of that perilous ftuff
Which weighs upon the heart ? Shahijfeare.

This oil, combined with its own fait and fugar,
laakct it faponacwus and cltan/ing, by which qua-
10

CLE

Uty it a/ten helps dige^Kon, and excites appetite.
jtrhmbnoi m AHmemt,

4. To free from leprofy.

Shew thyfelf to the pricft, and offer for Aycleen-
Jmg thofe things which Moles cimmanded.

Mart, i. 44.

5. To'fcour ; to rid of all ofFenfive things.

This river the Jews proffered the pope to cleanfe,
(a tliey might have what they found:

Addifm on Italy.

Cle'anser. »./ [clacnpejie. Sax.] That
which has the quality of evacuating any
foul humours, or digeiling a fore ; a de-
tergent.

If there happens an importhumc, honey, and
even honey of roles, taken inwardly, is a good
clianjer. Arbutlm;!.

CLEAR. aJj. Idair, Fr, klatr. Dutch;
clarus, Lat.]

1. Bright; tranfpicuous ; pellucid; tran-
fparent ; luminous ; without opacity or
cloudinefs ; not nebulous ; not opacous ;
not dark.

The flrcam is fo tranfparrat, pure, and clear.
That, had the felf-enamour*d youth gaz'd here.
He but the bottom, not his face, had feen. Derh.

2. Perfpicacious ; (harp.

Michael from Adam's eyes the film remov'd.
Which that falfe fruit; that promts'd cl:crcr fight.
Had bred. Milton's ParadiJ'e Lofl.

A tun about was every pillar there;
A polilh'd mirrour (hone not half fo clear,

Drydin's FMes,

3 . Cheerful ; not clouded with care er an-
ger.

Sternly he pronounc'd
The rigid interdiftion, which refounds
Yet dreadful in mine ear, though in my choice
Not to incur; but fjon his cleai^ afpcdt
Return'd, and gracious purpofe thus renew'd.

Milton.

4. Free from clouds ; ferene. .

I will darken the earth in a clear day. Anw.
And the clear fun on his wide watery glafs
Onz'd hot. Milf.ni Paradifc l.'fl.

5. Without mixture ; pure j unmingled.

6. Perfpicuous ; not obfcure ; not hard to
be underllood ; not ambiguous.

We pretend to give a clear account how thunder
and lijhtning is produced. ■ ' Tcmfte'.'

Many men reafon exceeding clear and ri(;htly,
who know net how to make a fyllogifm. Lccke.

7. Indifputable ; evident; undeniable.

Rcmain'd to our almighty foe
Clear viOory ; to our part lofs, and rout
Through all th' empyrean. MMtm'i Paradife hofl.

8. Apparent ; manifeft ; not hid ; not
i dark. . ^ /_.. ,

The hemlfphere of earth, la clearefi ken,
Stretch'd out to th' funplell 'reach of profpefl lay.

Milisn.

Unto Ood, who underftandetli all their fecrct
cogitations, they arc clear and man! felt. Hooker,

The pleafure of right reafoning is ftili the greater,
by how much the confcquences arc more clear, and
the chains of th-^m m^rc long. Burnetii theory,

9. Quick to underfland ; prompt ; acute.

Mother of fcience, now 1 feel thy power
Within me clear, not only to djfcern
Things in their caufes, biK to trace tlio ways
Of highrft agents, dcem'd however wife. Mtltoit.

10. Unrpotted ; guiltlefs ; irreproachable.

Duncan has been fo clear in his great olBcr.

Shiiieffeert.
Think that the clearefi g!)ds, who make them
honours
Of men's impoflibilities, have picferv'd thee,

Sbahffftjre.

Repentance fo altereth and chaagcth a man

through the mercy of Ood, be he hever lb delilc I,

. tliat it maketh him pure and clctn ff-bHgijit.

CLE

Though the peripatekick philofophy has been
moll eminent in its way, yet other fe^bave not
been wholly clear of it. Ltcke,

Statcfman, yeT friend to truth, in foul fincere.
In adion faithful, and in honour clear, P9pe,

11. UnprepolTeflcd ; not preoccupied ; im-
partial.

Lcucippe, of whom one look, in a r/wr judg-
ment, would have been more acceptable than all
her kindnefs fo prodigally bellowed. Sidney,

12. Free from diflrefs« profecution, or
imputed guilt.

The cruel corp'ral whifper'd in my ear,
Five pounds, if rightly tipt, would let me clear.

Cay,

13. Free from deduftions or encumbrances.

Hope, if the fuccefs happens to fail, is clear
gains as long a^ it lalls. Collier agairfl Difyair,

Whatever a foreigner, who puichafes land nerf>

gives for it, is fo much every fai thing clear gain

to the nation ; for that money comes clear in,

without carrying out any thing f t it. Locke,

I often wilh'd that I had eUar,

For life, fix hundred pounds a-ycar. Stoift,

14. Unencumbered ; without let or hin-
drance ; vacant ; unobAruded.

If he !*: fo far beyond his health,
Methinks he Ihould the fooner pay his debts.
And make a clear viiy to the gods. Statejifieare,
A pod-boy winding his hoin at us, my compa-
nion gave him two or fkm curfes, and left the
way cljfir for him. AdJijun.

A clear ftage is left for Jupiter to difplay hia
omnipotence, and turn the fate of armies alone.

Pcfe's EJfay on Hemtr.

15. Out of debt.

16. Uneatangled ; at a fafe diftance from
any danger or enemy.

Finding ourfeives too liow of fail, we put on a
compelled valour, and in the grapple 1 boarded
theA : on the inltant they got clear of cur Hiip.

StaLfj:eare,
It requires care for a snan with a double defign
to keep clear of daAting with his own reafonings.

L'EJh-avge.

17. Canorous; {bunding difUndly, plain-
ly, articulately.

I much approved of my friend's infilling upon
the qualifications of a good afpcdl and a clear voice.

AdJijon.
Hark! the numbers foft and clear
Gently (leal upon the ear;
Now louder and yet louder rife,
And fill with fpreAding-.founds the Ikies. Poft,
t8. Free; guiltlefs: with yro«i.

I a.Ti clear from the blood of this woman.

Sufanna,

None is fo fit to correQ their faults, as he whoj

is clear from any in his own writings. Drydin,

19. Sometimes with 0/;

The air is clearer of groCa and damp exhalations

Temple,

20. Ufed of perfons. Diftingnifhing; ju-
dicious ; intelligible : this is fcarcely,
ufed but in converfation.

Clear, cuiv.

1. Plainly; not obfcurely.

Now clear I unierttand
What oft my fteddleft thoughts have fcarih'd in
vain. Miliii).

2. Clean ; quite ; completely. A low
word. .,

He put hi* mouth to-Ker ear, and, under pre-
text of a whifpcr, bit it clear off. L'Eflmhgt',

Clear. «./ A term ufed by builders for.

the inftde of a houfe ; the fpace within

from wall to wall.
To Clear, 'v. a [from the adje^Hvc]
t '. To make bright, by removing opacous

bodies; to brighten.

Your

CLE

Your eyes, that (am f« ttiO,
Yet are but dim, (hall perfeftly be then
Open'd and clear' J. Miltcn's Paradift Lcfl.

Like Boreas in his racc.Vhen rufliing forth.
He fweeps the (kiet, and dean the cloudy North.

Dryden.
A favoury did^ a homely treat,
Where all is plain, where all is neat,
Clear up the cloudy foreheads of the great. DryJ.

2. To free from obfcurity, perplexity, or
ambiguity. ^

To clear up the feveral pjrts of this theory, I
was willing to by alide a great many other fpecu-
lacicjiw. Burnet's Tbecry,

When, in the knot of the pUy, no other way is
left for the difcovery, then let a god dcfcend,
and clear the bufinefs to the audience. DryJer.

By myftical terms, and ambiguous phrafes, he
darkens what he Aould clear up. Beyle.

Many knotty points there an,
■" Wbidi all difcufs, but few can clear. Priu-.

3. To purge from the impntation of gailt ;
■ to JEftify ; to vindicate ; to defend :

often with/rom before the thing.

Somerfet was much cleared by the death of thofe
who were executed, to make him appear faulty.

Sir John Hayivard.
To clear the Deity from the imputation of
tyranny, injuftice, and diflimulation, which none
4o throw upon God with more prefumption than
thofe who are the patrons of abfolute neceflity, is
both comely and cbridian. Bramhall againfi liMet.

To clear herfelf,
For fenifing him no aid, Ihe came from Egypt>

Dryden.

I will afpeal to the reader, and am Cure he will

tlear me jfrcm partiality. Dryden'i Fables.

How ! wouldft thou deer rebellion ? jiddijon.

Before you pray, clear your foul from all thofe

fins, which yau know to be difpleafing to God.

H^ake's Preparation for Death.

^. To cleanfe : with of, 01 from.

My hands are of your colour j but 1 fiiame
To wear a heart fo white :
A little water clears us of this deed. Shakeffeare.

{ . To remove any encumbrance, or em-
barrafTment.

A man digging in the grouad did meet with a

door, l^^ing a wall on each hand of it ; from

which having cleared tiie earth, be forced open the

4«or. iyUkins.

This one mighty fum has tlear'd the debt.

Drydtn.
A ftatue lies hid !n a block of marble; and the
in of the ftatuary only clears away the fuperfluous
■latter, and removes the rubbifti. Addijons Sfca.
Multitudes will furnifli a double proportion to-
wards the clearing of that expence.

Addifons Freeholder.

6. To free from any thing offenflve or
noxioiu.

To clear tbs palace from the foe, fuccecd
The wetiy Irving, and tcveng: the dead. Dryden.

It 0iould br the ficlll and art of the teacher to
clear their heads of all other thoughu, whilft they
are learning of any thing. Loch tn Educaticn.

Augullus, to ellablilh the dominion of the feas,
rigged out a powerful navy to clear it of the pirxci
of Malta. Artuthnot.

7. To clarify ; as, to clear liquors.
S. To gain without dedudion.

He clears but two hur.driad- thoufand crowns a
year, aft^r having defrayed ail the charges of work-
ing the fait. Addijon.

9. To confer judgment or knowledge.

Our common prints would clear up their under-
iiandings, and animate ihaW in'>nds with virtue.

Addijons Sfeilator.

10. T» Ct-EAR ex Jhip, at the Cuftom
Houfe, is to obtain the liberty of fail-
ing, or of felling a cargo, by fatisfying
the Cullonu.

Vol. I.

C l£

To CtiAR. f. n.

1 . To grow bright ; to recover tranfpa-
rency.

S.i foul a (ky clears not without a llorm. Sbakeff,

2. Sometimes with up.

The mift, that hung ^boat my mind, clears tip.

Addifon.

Take heart, nor of the laws of fate complain j

Tho' now 'tis cloudy, 'twill clear up again. Norris.

Advife him to itay till the weather clean up,

for you are afraid there will be rain.

Swift's Direffiors to the Groom.

3. To be difengaged from encOrabrances,
dilh-efs, or entanglements.

H« that clears at once, will relapie J for, finding
himfelf out of ftraits, he will revert to Wscuftoms ;
but he that clearetb by degrees, induceth a habit of
frugality, and gaineth as well upon his mind as
upon his eftate* Bacon's EJfays.

Cle'arance. ». /. [horn clear.'] A cer-
tificate that a Ihip has been cleared at
the Cuftom Houfe.

Cl e'a R E R. n.f. [from cUar.'\ Brightener ;
purifier ; enlightener.

Gold is a wonderful clearer of the undcrdand-
tng : it diflipates every doubt and fctuple in an
inftant. Add'ifon.

Cle'arly. eu^v. [from clear.']

1. Brightly; luminoufly.

Myllciies of grace and falvation, which were but
darkly djfclofed unto thcnl,' have unto tis more
clearly ihined. H^^oker.

2. Plainly ; evidently; without obfcurity
or ambiguity.

Chriftianity firft r/Mr^ proved this noble and
important truth to the world. Rogers.

J. With difcernment ; acutely ; without
embarraflment or perplexity of mind.

There is almoll no man but fees clearlier and
(harper the vices in a fpcaker than the virtues.

Ben Jorfcn.

4. Without entanglement or diftraftion of
affairs.

He that doth not divide, will never enter into
bufinefs ; and he that divideth too much, will never
come out of it clearly. Bacon's Effayi.

5. Without by-ends; without finiltcr
views ; honeftly.

When you arc examining thefe matters, do not
take into confidcratiun any fenfual or worldly
intereft ; bflt deal clearly and impartially wi^th
yourfelvc Tillotfon,

6. Without deduflion or cod.

7. Without refer ve ; without evafion.j-
without fubterfuge.

By a certain day they (hould clearly relinquilh
unto the king all their lands andpoflbliions.

Davits on Ireland.
Cle'arness. n.f. [from clear.']

1. Tranfparency ; brightnefs.

It may be, percolation doth not only caufe
elearnejs and fplendour, but fweetncfs of favour.

Bacon's Natural Hillary.

Glafs in the funiace grows to a greater magni-
tude, and refines to a greater elearnejs, only as the
breath within is more powerful, and the heat more
intenfe. . ' ' Bacon.

2. Splendour ; luHre. .

I^ove, more clear than yourfcif, with the f/rtfr-
nefs, lays a night of forrow upon ine. Sidmy.

3. Diftinftnefs ; perfpicuity.

If he chances to think right, he does not know-
how to convey his thoughts to anorhci with cJcarneJt
and perfpicuity. Addifon's i^pe^atir.

4. Sincerity; honefly ; plain dealing.

When the cafe required diilmiulation, if they
ufed it, the former opinion fpread abro;\d, of their
good faith and clearrefs of ikalingj made them
glmoft iovincibU. . Softm.

CLE

J, Freedom from imputation.

I require a clearnefs. Shakefpeare's Macbeth.

Clearsi'ohted. adj. \_clear unAJight.']
Ferfpicuous ; difcerning ; judicious, tm

Clearjigbted reafon wifdom's judgment le.ids ;
And fenfe, her valTal, in her footlteps treads.

Denbem*

To Cle'arstarch. v, a. [from clear and
Jlarch.'] To ftiffen with flarch.

He took his prefent lodging at the manfion-
houfe of a tiylor's widow, who waflies, ihd can
clearjiarcb his bauds. Addifo/t,

To CLEAVE, f . >i. pret. I clave, [cleo-
jran. Sax. kk'vetr, Dutch.]

1 . To adhere ; to flick ; to hold to.

The clarifying of liquors by adhefion, iS effefteJ
when fome cleaving body is mixed with the liquors^
whereby the gTOler part flicks to that clea-ving
body. ■ Bacon's Natural liifiiry.

Water, in fmall quantity, cleavctk to^ny thing
that is folld. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.

When the duft groweth into hardaefs, and tlic
clouds cleave faft together. Jtb*

The thin ciiamclcon, fed with air, receives
The colourof the thing to which he c/t«t«^ Dryd,

2. To unite aptly ; to fit.

New honours come upon him.
Like our ftrange garments, cleave not to their

mould.
But with the aid of ufe. Shakefpeare.

3. To unite in concord and intereft; to
adhere.

The apoftlcs did conform the Chriftians accord-
ing to the pattern of the Jews, and made them
cleave the better. . Hooker,

The men of Judah clave unto their king. San,

If you Ihall cleave to my confent, when 'tia.
It IKall make honour for you. Shakefptare,

The people would revolt, if they faw any of the
French nation to cleave unto.

Kr.olUs's Hifloty of the Turks.

4. To be concomitant to ; to oe united
with.

We cannot imagine, that, in breeding or be-
getting faith, his grace doth cleave to the onc^
and forfake the other. Hooker.

To CLEAVE. •J/, a. preter. I dove, I-
clave, I cleft ; part. paff. cloven, or cleft.
[cleopan. Sax. klo'ven, Dutch.]

1. To divide with violence; to fplit ; to
part forcibly into pieces.

And at their pafling cleave th' Aflyrian flood.

Miltofi

The foimtains of it are fald to have been cloven,

or bOTft open. Burnet's Theory tf the Earth,

■ The bleifed miniftcr his wings difjiiay'd.

And, like a (hooting ftar, he f/e/> the night. Dryd,

Rais'd on her dulky wipgs, (he cleaves the itcii*.

Drydeiti
Whom with fuch force he-ftrucJc, he fell'd him
down,
And cleft the circle of his golden crown. Drydin.

Or had the fun
Elcfled to the earth a nearer feat.
His beams had cirft the hill, the valley dy'J.

Blacki.trre,

Vlhxe whole brigades one champion's ai'ms o'er-

throw, ♦ "^

And cleave a giant at a random t'ow. Tlcki!,'.

Not half fo fwift tlic trembling doves can fly,
When the fierce r.ijlc cluf.is thr linuid (V;y. I'cpt,-

2. To divide"; to part naturally.

And every bca 11 that pirtcth tjie hoof, anJ
chavtth the cleft into two claws, Deutermomy.

To Cleave. 11, n.
I. To part afunder.

Wars 'twixt you twain, would be
As if the world (hould cleave, and that flain men
Should folder up the rift.

.'ihakejpeari' t Arlory and Cleipa-ret,
The jr»\ind clstife afundtu^ lliac wai under them.

Numhtt.

T t i(t

C L E

C LE

eL'h

He cut the eltaving Ikj, •
And !n i moment vaniA'd tVom her rye,

Pift'i OJjfef.
2, To fuffer dmfiotu

0t It eiigvts with, a glotTjr polite fnMVinoe, Bit
pLuie, bat with lomc little uncvenncA.

Nt-u'iim't Of licit.
t^Lt'AVfR. ti./, [horn cleave.]
I. A butcher's inlbumeut to cut animals
into joint£.

Yau gentlemen keep a pared of roaring bullies'
about me day and night, with hnzeaf and bunting
hornsj and ringing the changes on butchers eir.tvrri.

Tho' arm'd with all thy droK^er;, knives,
And a^et made to li:w down livi.'. Hujitidi.

s. A weed. Improperly written Clivlr.

Clees. ». /. The two parts ot" the foot of
beafts which are sloven-footed.' Sinner.
It is a country word, and probably cor-
rupted from cla-ius.

Ci-Eif. n. /. [from eltf, key, Fr.] la
jnufick, a mark at the beginning of the
lines of a fong, which ftiews the tooe
or key in which the piece is to begin.

Chambers .

Cleft, fiart. pajf, [from clta-ve.] Di-
vided ; parted afunder.

Fat with inccnfe ftrew'd
Oo the eleff wood. Alilimi'i PjraJjfi LeJI.

I never did on cleft Parnadus dtcim.
Nor taile the facrcd Heliconian (Iream. Dryden.
Cleft, n./. [from cUanie.']

1. A fpace made by the feparation of
parts ; a crack ; a crevice.

The cafcades feem to break through the ckfis
and cracks of rocks. Mdifcn'i Guardian.

The extremity of this cape has a long cleft in it,

which was enlarged and cut into fhapeby Agrippa,

who made this the great port for the Roman tUet.

Mdifn en frj!y.

The reft of it, being more grofs and ponderous,
does not move far ; but lodges in the ckfn, craggs,
and fides of the rocks, near the bottoms nf them.

Woid-.vard.

2. In farriery.

Clifit appear en the booght of the paflems, and

arc caufcd by a (harp and malignant humour,

which frets the (kin ; and it is accompanied witli

' pain, and a noifomc fteiich. Fjrricr'i DiSi.

His horfe it is the heralds weft;

No, 'tis a marc, and hath i cleft. Ben ytnfan.

T<> Cle'ftcraft. i^. a. [cle// zni gra/}.]

To engraft by cleaving the ftodt of a

tree, and inferting a branch.

Filberts may be tleftgrafitd on the common- nut.

.Msnimer.
Cle'mencv. ti./. [clemeuce, Fr. dementia,

Lat.]
I . Mercy ; remiffion of feverity ; wilHng-
ncfs to fpare ; tendernefs in punilhing.

I have dated the true notion of cUmency, mercy,
companion, good-nature, humanity, or whatever
sMe it may be called, fo far as is coofiftcnt with
wifdom. 444iJ<m.

3. Mildn«fs ; foftnefs.

Then in. the clemency of upward air
We'll fcour our fpocs, and the dire thunder fear.

CLE'MENT. aelj. [cUmem, Lat.] M?!*";
gentle ; merciful ; kind ; tender ; com-
panionate.

You arc more eletimet than tile men,
Who of their broken debtors take a thirJ,
Letting t)iem thrive again on the abatement.

Sbakeffeare.

Clench. SeeCmfCH.
Ti Clbp*. v. a. [dypian. Sax.] To
tall. Obfolete.

E'

Thitt crabbed months had fowi'd tbemfclres t»
death.
Ere I couM make thee open thy white hand.
And r\efe thjfclf my love. Simieffetrc.

CLE'RGY. n. f. [clerfe, Fr. elerut, Lat.
itXiifO!, Greek.] The body of men fet
apart by due ordination for the fervice
of God.

We hold that God'a tlergy are a flate which
hatii been, and will be as loflg as there is a churcli
upon eartli, ncceflary, by the plain word of God
himfelf ; a rtate wbcrcunto the reft of God's people
muft be fubjefi, as touching tMugs that appertain
to tlitir f.)ar« health. liool^r.

The convocation give a greater fum
Than ever, at one time, tlic clergy yet
Did to faispredcceflbrs part withal. Sb'titff.eare.

Cle'rcvm AN. »r. y; [f&^ and oifla.] A
man in hnly orders ; a man fet apart for
minillration of holy things ; not a laick.

H')\»" I have fped among l!ic clergymen,

The fnms 1 have collefled fliall e«prefs. Sbtiltff.

It feenii to be in the powrr of a reafonablc efer-

■KjM to make tl^ moft ignorant m^n comprehend

is duty. S-uiift,

Cle'rical. aJJ, [cUricui, Lat.] Relat-
ing to the clergy : u, a cltrical man,
a man in orders.

In clericali the key* ate lioed, and ia colleges
they ofe to line the tabfe-men.

Baccn'i UiKurtl Uificry.

Unlefs we may more properly read
clarichords.

CLERK, n. /. [clepic, Sax. cUrlcus, La-
tin.]

1. A clergyman.

All pcrl'ons were ftiled derks, that (crvti in the
church of Cbrift, whether they were bilhops, pricfts,
0|- deacons. Ayliffe.

2. A fcholar ; a man of letters.

They miglit talk of book-learning what they
would ; but, for his part, he never faw more im-
fcaty fellowi than great c/erki were. i'ifcey.

The greateft clerks being not always the Jioncfteft,
any more than the wifell, men. &utb,

3. A man employed under another aj a
writer.

My lord Baflanio gave his ring away
Unto the judge ; and then the boy, his clerk,
That took fome pains iu writing, he bcgg'd mine.

ahakeffiiare.

My friend was in doubt whether he could not
exert the jufticc upon fuch a vagrant ; but not
having his clerk with him, wlio is a neceflUry
counfellor, he let the thought drop. yiddifn.

4; A petty writer in publick offices ; an
officer of various kinds.

Take a juft view, how many may remark
Who 's now a lord, his grandfire was a clerk,

Granville,
It may feem difficult to make out the hills of
fare (01 the fupperi of Vltcllius. I queftion not
but an expert cUrk of a kitchen can do it.

/trhuthmi.
,5. The layman who reads the refponfcs
to the congregation in the church', to
direft the reft.
Cle'rkship. »./ [from rArri.]

1. Scholarlhip.

2. The office of a clerk of any kind.

He fold the clerkjhip of his parifti, when it be-
came vacant. H'J/ifl'' Mifcillaniei.

Cleve.I In compofitlon, at the begin-

Clif. > ning or end of the proper

Clive. J name of a place, denotes it

to be fitoated on the fide of a rock or

hill ; as, Cleveland, Clifton, Stanclijf,

CLE'VER, adj. [of no cer»in etymo-
logy.

t. Dexterous.; fkilfttL

It waa the cleverer mockery of the two.

L'Ff range,

I read Dyer's letter more for the ftile than the

news. The man has a clever pen, it muft be owned,

jiddifm'i FrcehMcTm

2, Juft ; fit ; proper ; commodious.

1 can't but think 'twould found mote clever.
To me, and to my heirs for ever. P'fe^

3. Well-lhaped; handfome.

She called him guiidy-guts, and he called her
loufy Peg, though the girl was a tight eltv.r wenLh
as any was. Ariuiknot.

4.. This is a low word, fcarcely ever ufed
but in burlefque or converfation ; and
applied to any thing a man likes, with-
out a fettled meaning.

Cle'verly. adv. [from elever.l Dtx-
teroufly ; fitly ; handfomely.

Thcfc would inveigle rats with th' fcent.
And fometimes catch them with a fnap.
As cleverly as th' ableft trap. UvdHrdl,

A rogue upon the hlghwav may have as lirasg an
arm, and take off a man's head as cleverly, as the
executioner. Smth,

Cle'verness. ». y! [from fZfffr.] Dex-
terity ; (kill ; accomplifhment.
CLEW. n./. [cly-pe. Sax. klou-wen, Dutch.]

1 . Thread wound upon a bottom ; a ball of
thread.

Eftfoons unCwifting his deceitful clevi,
He 'gan to weave a web of wicked guile. Spenjir.

While, guided by fome r/nti of heav'nly thread.
The perplex'd labyrinth we backward tread.

Rifcmumn,

They fee fmall r/fwi draw vafteft weights along.
Not in their bulk, but in their order, ftrong. Dryd,

2. A guide ; a direftlon : becaufe men di-
redl themfelves by a dew of thread in a
labyrinth.

This alphabet muft be yout own cleti) to guide
you. Holder.

Is there no way, no thought, no beam of light I
No eirttf to guide me thro' this gloomy maze.
To cle.ir my honour, yet prefcrvo my faith ? Smith,

The reader knows not how to tranfpurt hii
thoughts over to the next particular, f«f want of
fome eirvi, or connecting idea, to lay hold of.

ff'atts'i togict.

3. Clew tfth* fail »f afl/ip, is the lower
corner of it, which reaches down to that
earing where the tackles and Iheets are
faftened. Harris,

Tb Clew. f. «. [from clciu, a fea term.]
To clew the fails, is to raife them, in or-
der to be furled ; which is done by a
rope faftened to the clew of a fail, called
the clew-garnet. Harris.

To CLICK, -v. n. [cliken, Dutch ; cliquetir,
French ; or perhaps the diminutive of
clack.'] To make a fharp, fmall, fuccef-
(ive noife. ■
The folemn death-watch elick'd, the hour Ae
died ;
And drilling ericken in the chimney cried. Cay,

Cli'cicer. tt.f. [from did.] A low word
for tlie fervant of a falefman, who ftands
at the door to invite cuftomers.

Cli'cket. n.f. [from click.] The knock-
er of a door. Skinner,

CLI'ENT. n.f [clitni, Latin.]

I. One who applies to an advocate for
counfel and defence.

There is due from, the judge to the advocate
fome commendation, where caufes arc well hand-
led ; for that upholds in ti» (liul the reputation
of Jus coijnfel. Seien'i Sjjjyi.

Advgcacct

C L I

AJTOMtei muft deal plainly with theJr Aetils,
aed tell the true ftzte of their cafe.

Tayhr'i Ruie ofL'mh^ Holy.

t. It may be perhaps fometimes ufed for a
dependant in a more general fenfe, as
it was ufed ar ing the Romans.

I do think they are your friends and clitnti,
And fearful to difturb you. Bin yinjon.

Cli'ektid. particip. adj. [from fAV/j/.]
Supplied with clients.

This due occafion of difcouragemcnt] the word
conditioned «nd lead clitnrtJ petivoguers do yet,
under the fwcet bait of revenge, convert to a more
plentiful profecution of aflions.

Cti>«t'*i Survey of CcrtnoalK

Cliektb'lB. n.f, [clienula, Lat.] The
condition or office of a client. A word
fcarcely ufed.

There 's Varui holdf go«d quarter) with him ;
And, nnder the pretext of r/ioir«/r.
Will be admitted. Senjonfun.

Cli'entship. n. /. [from clJtnt.] The
coadition of a client.

Patronage and clitntjhip among the Renuas al-
ways defcended : the plebeian houfes had recourfe
to the patrician line which bad formerly protected
them. Drydtr,

Cliff, n.f. \cUvus, Lat. clip, cliop» Sax.]

1. A ileep rock ; a rock, according to

Skinner, broken and craggy, [rapes. '\

The Leucidians did ufe to precipitate a man
from a high cliff inr.o the fea. Bacon's Nat, Hijt.

Mountaineers, that from Sererus came, •
At>d from the craggy clifft o{ Tetrica. DrjJcn.

Wherever *tis (o found fcattered upon the
ihores, there ii it as cooftandy found lodj^ed in the
eliffs thereabouts. U^octkvarJ.

». The name of a charafter in mafick.

Properly Clef.
Clift. «./. The fame with Cliff. Now

difufed.

Down he tumbled, like an aged tree,
High growing on the top of rocky clifi. Sfenfer.

CLIMA'CTER. »./ [K\,^.axTi,^.] A cer-
tain fpace of time, or progreflion of
years, which is fuppofed to end in a
critical and dangerous time.

Elder times, fettling their conceits upon c!imac.

ters, differ from one another. Brvwn's Vulg. Err.
Climacte'rick. \adj. [from dimac-
Climacte'rical. \ «r.] Contaiainga

certain number of years, at the enr of

which fome great change is fuppofed to

befal the body.

Certain obfrrvable years are fappofcd to be at-
tended with fome confiderable change in the body ;
as the feveoth year ; the twenty-firft, m»de up of
three times feven ; the forty-ninth, made up of
fevcn times ftven ; the fixty- third, being nine
times feven ; and the eighty-firft, \Ahich is nine
times nine : which two lift are called the grand
ctimcSlcrickt.

The numbers feven acd ainc, multiplied into
themfclvc!, do mjke up fixty-tlirw, commonly
efteemcd the great slimailerical a{ out lives.

Broiunt Vulfrar Errours.

Your lord/hip being now arrived at your great
(rmaUtrijur, yet give no proof of the Icaft decay
vf yoar excellent judgment and ■coroprehenftfin.

Drylrn.

My mother is fometliing better, though, at her
advanced age, every day Ii a cumaairick. Pipe.

CLI'MATE. ». /. [,>i^«.]

I. A fpace upon the furfacc of the earth,
Bjeafured from the equator to the polar

■• circles ; io each of which fpaces the
longeft day is half an hour longer than
in that nearer to the ct^uator. from the

C L T

polar circles to the poles, climates are
meafured by the increafe of a month.
2. In the common and popular fenfe, a re-
gion, or tradl of land, differing from
another by the temperature of the air.

Betwixt th' extrcmrs, two happier c/imatii hold
The temper that partakes of hot and cold. DryJ.

On what new happy climate are we thrown ?

DryJen.

This talent of moving the paJTiont cannot be of
any great ufc in the northern climatn. Sivifr.

To Cli'mate. i;. ». To inhabit. A word
only in Shakejpeare.

The bleflcd gods
Purge all Infeflion from our alx, wliilft you
Do climatt here. Sbaidteari.

Cli'mature. *:/. The fame with Cli-
mate. Not in ufe.

Such harbingers preceding fliil the fates.
Have heav'n and c»rth together dcmonfti ated
Unto our climaturit and countrymen. Shakefpcart.

Cli'max. »./. [)■.^i,aaJ.] Gradation ; af-
cent : a figure in rhetorick, by which
the fentence rifes gradually; as Cicero
fays to Catiline, Thou do'ft nothing,
moveft nothing, thinkeft nothing ; but
I hear it, I fee it, and perfedlly under-
fland it.

Choice between one excellency and another is
diflicultj and yet the condufion, by a due ciimtx,
is evermore the bell. Dryd, Juv, DitHcathtt.

Some radiant Richmond every age has grac'd.
Still rlfing in a climax, till the laft,
SurpalTing all, is not to be furpaft. Granvil/e.

To CLIMB. 'V. n. pret. clomb or climbtJ;
part, clomb or climbed. It is pronounced
like clime, [chman. Sax. klinunen, Dut.]
To afcend up any place ; to mount by
means of fome hold or footing. It im-
plies labour and difficulty, and fucceffive
efforts.

V«u tempt the fury of my three attendants,
l<»i famine, quartcri!'^ fteel, and climhing fire.

Si'ttkejpeare.

When (hall I come to the top of th.it fame hi 11 >—

^You do climh up it now. Look, liow «-e labour.

^hakijpcatc.

Jonathan ctmicd up upon bis hands and upon

f" feet. , Sam.

As a thief
Into the windiw cUmhs, or o'er the tiles.
So cicmk the firft grand thief into God's fold.

Milton.
Thou fun ! of this great world both eye and foul.
Acknowledge him thj greater ; found bis praife
In thy eternal cnurfc, both when thou dimh'fl.
And when high noon haft gain'd, and when thou
fair ft._ MiUm'i Paradijc LoJI.

No rebel Titan's facrlleglouc crime.
By leaping hills on hills, can thither clirnl),

Rcjcommon.
Black vapours climi aloft, aijd cloud the djy.

Vrjdcn.
> What controulingcaufe

Makes waters, in contempt «f nature's laws,
C/imi up, and gain th' al'i'mng mouatain's height ?

B!actm<irt.

7tf Climb. <«. a. To afcend ; to moujit.

Is't not enough to break into my garden,
CUmlUg my walls, in fpite of me the wwner ?

Sbakrfptare.
Thy arms purfue
Paths of renown, and climb afccnts of fame. Prior.

Forlorn he mull and'pcifjcutcd fly j
Climb the ftccp mountain, in the c.ivcrn lie. Prior.
Cli'mber. n.f. [i'vom ilimh .]
I. One that mounts or fcales any place
or thinv ; a mounter ; a rifer.

I wait not at the lawyer's gate^i,
Nc flwuldct slimberi duwn the fia'irs.

Carevi's Survij.

C L 1

Lowlincfs is young ambition's ladder,
Whereto ihtcUmhcr upward turns his face. Shak,

2. A plant that creeps upon other fupports.

Ivy, briony, honey-fuckles, and other dimbcri,
muft be dug up. Mortimer.

3. The name of a particular herb.

The feeds are gathered into a little 1 » id, ending

in a kind of rough plume ; whence it is called by

the country people eld man's beard. Millar.

ToCli'.mber. 11. a. [iromclamber.l To

mount with effort ; to climb.

In fcaling the youngcft to pluck, bff his becke,
Beware how ye climber for breaking your neck.

Clime, n./. {contrafted from clitna/e, and
therefore properly poetical.] Climate ; ,
region ; traft of earth.

He can fprcad thy name o'er land and feas.
Whatever clime the fun's bright circle warms.

Milton.

Theyapply the celeftial defcrlptlonof other climes

unto their own. Brinvn's J'ulgar Errours.

Of beauty fing, her iliining progrefs view.
From clime to clime the daiiling light purfue.

Cranvil/e.

We (hall meet <

In happier dimes, and on a fafer (hore. Add'ifon.

Health to vigorous bodies, or frnitfbl feafon^ in

^ temperate cl'ima, ate cnmunon and familiar bkf-

_''"SS' Atlerbury.

To CLINCH, a-, a. [clymja,. Sax. t«
knock, Junius; dingo, in Feftus, to en-
compafs, Minjheiu.'\

1. To hold in the hand with the fingers
bent over it.

SImois rowls th« bodies and the Ihiclds
Of heroes, whofe difmember'd hands yet bear
The dart aloft, and clinch the pointed 4>=ar.

Drydet.

2. To contraft or double the £ngers.

Their talleft trees are about feven feet high, the
tops' whereof I could but juft reach with my fill
clinched. S-wifl.

3. To bend the point of a nail in the other
fide.

4. To confirm ; to fix : as, to clinch aa

argument.
Clisch. n./. [from tTie verb.]

1. A word ufed in a double meaning ; a
pun ; an ambiguity; a duplicity of
me.aning, with an identity of expreffion.
How it obtains this meaitjng is difiicult
to find. A nail caught on the other fide,
and doubled, is a nail clinched : a word
taken in a different meaning, and doubled
in '.'^s, is likewife a clinch.

Such as tlrey arc, I hope they will prove, with-
out a clinch, luciferous ; fearching after the nature
of "ght. fioyle.

Pure clinches the fuburbian mufe aft'ords.
And Panton waging harmlefs war with words.

Vrphn.
Here one poor word a hundred clinches rtakes.

Pope.

2. That part of the cable which is failened
to the ring of the anchor.

Cli'kcher. «./. {iravci clinch. "^ Acramp^
a holdfall ; a piece of iron bent down
to fallen planks.

The wimblci for the work Calypfo found ;
With thrfc he pierc'd 'era, and with dimhtrt
bound. p!,fi.

To CLING. <v. V. pret. / clur.g ; p.irt. /

hai'c dung, \klynger, Danilh.]
I. To hang upon by twining round; to

ftick to ; to Jiold fall upon.

TIk- broil long doubtful flood j
As two IJ)cnt fwimmers th.i; da Uing together.

And choak th'i; art. $l<a\, i^eare.

T t 1 ' Thr

C L I

Tlie rannnel in h'u ntclc wai defcritd by the
tliiritg of his htir to the plifter. lyifcman'i Surg.

wlitn they united and togetlier eluiig
When undiltinguiflj'd in one heip tliey hong.

B'.tcinnrt,
S<e in the circle next Eliia jilac'd,
Two habes o( lOve dofe clinfrit.g to her waill. Pofc.
T!»it they may the clolcr cim^,
Take your blue tibhun for a ftring. Sw:fl-

3. To adhere, as followers or friends.

Mo'l popular conful he is grown, methinks :
How the rout e/ing to him I Sen jcnfin^t Catiline.

3. To dry ap ; to confume ; to walle ; to
pine away. [Declunjenrpeop, a wither-
ed tree.]

If thou ft>eak'll falfe,
Upon tlie next tree flialt thou hang aiire,
'Fill famine d'mg thee. Sbahlfearc'i Mjctutl.

Cli'ngy. atij. [from cZ/Vj.] Apt to eling;

adhellve.
Cli'nical. 7 aJj. [xX!>u, to lie down.]
Cli'nick. 5 Thofe that keep their beds ;
thofe that are fick, pad hopes of reco-
very. A clinical leilure is a difcourfe
Upon a difeafe, m^e by the bed of the
patient. "

A clinical ceti'vert, one that is con-

•^ verted on his death-bed. This word

occurs often in the works of Taylor,

To CLINK, f. a. [perhaps fofteued from

clank, or corrupted from click.'] To

- ilrike fo as to make a fmall (harp noife.

Five years ! a long Icafe for the dhk'wg of pew-
ter. Shaktfpeare*

8"(» Ct-iNK. i;. ». To Utter a fmall, fliarp,
interrupted noife.

The fever'd ban
Submiflive cl'mk againft your braaea portals. Prkr.

Underneath th' umbrella's oily ffied.
Safe thro' the wet on claiking pattens tread.

Cay's Trivia,

Clink. »./. [from the verb.]

1. A (harp fucceffive noife; a knocking.

I heard the c/int and fall of fwords. Shakijfeare.

2, It feems in Spen/er to have fome unu-
fual feofe. I believe the knocker of a
door.

Tho' creeping clofe, behind the wicket's cUnh,
Privily he peeped out thro' a chink. Sf infer.

CLI'N^ANr,adj, [French.] DrelTed in
embroidery, in- fpangles,. falfe glitter,
tinfel finery.

To-day the French,
All eliafuatit, all in gold, like heathen gods,
Shone down the Englini. Sbakefpeare,

To CLIP. -v. a. [clippan,. Sax.]
1. To embrace, by throwing the arms
round ; to hug ; to enfold in tlie arms.
He that before fliunn'd her, to (hun fuch harms,
Now runa and takes her in hit dipfing arms.

t) Sidney.

Here I e/ifi
The anvil of my fword, and do conteit
Hotly and nobly with l-hy love. Stakeffeare,

O nation, that thou couldll remove
That Neptune'a arms, who dlfpeti thee about.

Sbakefpeare,
Enter the city j clip yoar wiveS}. your friends ;
Tell them your jeata. Sbakifpeare,

Thejadea
That drag the tragick melaneholy night,
Whj with their drov/fy, flow, and flagging wi.x;»,
Clip dead m^n's graves. Sbakefpeare.

The male relicth on the back of the female,
diffmg and embracing her with his legs about the
Bcck and body. Jtjy,

a. To eut with (beers, [klipper, Danifh ;
kt't/)en, Dutch ; apparently from the

C L 0

fame radical fenfe, fince flieCrs cnt by
inclofing and embracing..]

Your Accis come too late to clip the bird's
wirgs, that already is flown away. Siivey,

Then let him, thut my love /hall blame,
Or dip love's «ing5, or quench love's flame.

Suekrir.g.
He cEjit hope's wingf, whofc airy blifs
Much higher than fruition is. Denham.

But If-ve S.iidipp'a his wings, and cut him fljott,
Confin'd within the purlieus of his court.

DryJeit't FaUct,
If mankind had had wings, as perhaps fome ex-
trnvagjut atheifls may lliink us delicieiit in that,
all the world niuft have confented Co dip them.

Bentlcy,
By this l«k, this fjcred lock, I fwear,
■Which never mote fli«l;join its parted hair,
C'.ipp'd from the lowly head where late it grew.

Pope.

He fpent every day ten hours doting, clpfing

papers, or darning his ftockings. Swift,

3. Sometimes with off.

We (hould then haie as much feeling upon the
dipping sfft hair, ai the cutting of a nerve.

Benr/iy'} Sermons.

4. It is particularly ufed of thofe who di-
ininifh coin, by paring the edges.

This defignof newtoinage, isjull of the nature
of capping. Lickt.

5. To curtail ; to cut fliort.

All my reports go with the niodeft truth ;
Nor more, nor dipt, but fo. Shaiefpeare.

Mrs. Mayorefs dipped the king's Englirti. 'jiMif.

Even in London, they dip their words after one
manner about the court, aaothpr in the city, and
a third in the fuburbs. S-wift,

6. To confine; to hold ; to contain.

Where is he living, dipt in with the fca.
Who calls me pupil ? Sbakefpeare.

Tff Clip, f . ». A phrafe in falconry.

Some falcon (loops at what her eye iefign'd.
And with her eagernefs the quarry mifs'd.
Straight flies at check, and dips it down the wind.

Dryden,

Cli'pper. n./. [from clip.] One that de-
bafes coin by cutting.

It is no Englifli treafon to cat
French crowns, and t3-morrow the king
Himfelf will be a dipper. Sbakefpeare,

No coins pleafed (bm« medallifts more than
thofe which had palTed through the hands of an
old Roman dipper, /Iddifon.

C l I'p p I N c. n, /. [from clip,'] The p^rt
cut or clipped off.

Beings purely material, without fenft or thought,
as the dippings o{ oat beards, and parings of our
naiis. L.cke.

Cu'vER.ff. / An herb. More properly
written clea'ver.

It grows wild, the feeds flicking to the clothes of
fuch as paft by them. It is fometimes ufed in
medicine. Miller,

CLOAK. »./ [lach, Saxon.]

1. The outer garment, with which the reft
are covered.

You may bear It
Under a chke that is of any length. Sbakefpeare,

Their dnies were cloth of iilver, mix'd with
Bo'"*" Dryden.

All arguments will be as little able to prevail,
as the wind did with the traveller to part with his
chak, which he held only the faftrr. Locke,

Nimbly he rofe, and caft his garment downj
That inftant in his cloak I wrapt me round.

Pope's Odyjey,

2. A concealment ; a cover.

Not ufing your liberty for a dxik of maliciouf-
n'f"- Peter.

To Cloak, v, a, [from thenpua.]
I. To cover wkh a cloak.

C LO

1. To hide ; to conceal.

Moft heavenly 'lir, in deed and view,
She by creation was, till flie did fall ;
Thenceforth Ihe fought for helps to 'thai hat
crimes withal. Sftrfer,

Clo'a k b a c . «. / [from cloak and hag. J A
portmanteau ; a bag in which clothe*
are carried.

Why doft thou converfe writh that trunk of
humours, that fluffed doaklag of guts } Sbakffp,

1 have already fit
('Tis in my doakhag) doublet, hat, hofe, all
That anfwcr to them. Sbakifpeare,

CLOCK. »./, [clocc, Welfh, from cUcl>, a

bell, Wellh and Armorickj cloche, Fr.]

J. The inllrument which, by a feries of

mechanical movements, tells the hour

by a ftroke upon a bell.

If a man be in ficknefs or pa'm, the time will

feem longer without a dock or hour-glafs than

with it. Sacm.

The pifture of Jerome ufually defcribed at hia

ftudy, is with a dock hanging by.

Brovins P^ulgar Erronrs^
I told the docks, and watch'd the wafting light.

Dryden,

2. It IS an nfual expreflion to fay. What it.
it of the clock, for What hour is it? Or
ten o'clock, for the tenth hour, ■

ffbat is 't o'clock f
— — Upon the ftroke of four. Sbakefpeare,

Macicaus fet forward about /«, oV»c* in the
oiglit- Kncnes.

About nine of the dock at lught the king marched
out of the North-port. Clarendon.

3. The clock of a flocking ; the flowers or
inverted work about the ankle.

His (bockings with filver docks were raviflied
ftomhim^ Stoj/t*

4. An infeft ; a fort of beetle. DiO.
Clo'ckmaker. ». /., [clock and «a/rr.}

An artificer whofe profeffion is to make

clocks.

This inequality. has been diligently obferved by
feveral<if our ingenious ihckmfikiri, and equation]
been made and ufed by them. Dtriiam.

Clo'ckwork. n,f. [^frorn clack and ivcrk.}
Movements by weights or fprings, like
thofe of a. clock.

So if unprejudic'd you fcan
The goings of this dockioork, man ;
You find a hundred movements made
By fine devices in his head :
. But 'tis the ftomach's folid ftroke.

That tells this being what's o'clock. Pricrt

Within this hollow was Vulcan's fliop, full of

fire and clockwork, ..Iddifoit,

You look like a puppet moved by clocktuork.

„, ^^ . .liriufbncf,

CLOD. n,f [club. Sax, a little hillock j
klotte, Dutch.]

1. A lump of earth or clay ; fuch a body
of earth as cleaves or hangs together.

The earth that cafteth up from the plough »
great clod, is not fo good as that which cafteth up
a fmaller dod. Ban*.

I'll cut up, as plows
Do barren lands, and ftrike together flints
And clods, th' ungratefiil fenate and th» people.

Ben Jonpm,
Who fmooths with harrows, or who pound*
with rakes,
The crumbling dodi, Drydttt

2. A turf; the ground,

Byiantians boaft, that on the dod.
Where once their fultan's horfe has trod.
Grows neither grafs, nor flirub, nor tree. Smift,

3. Any thing concreted together in a
duJler.

Fifliermcn who make holes in the ice to dip up
Uk with their nets, light on fvyaUoirs congealed

C LO

In Ml of a flimy fubftance ; and cirrymg them
home to their ftoves, the warmth reftoreth them
to life and flight. Carnti,

4.. A lump, a mafs of metal.

One at the forge
Labouring, two ma0v c/sdi of iron and brafa-
Had melted, . Milton.

5. Any thing vile, bafe, and earthy ; as
the body of man, compared to his foul.

And ye high heavens, the temple of the gods.
In which a thoufand torches, Haming bright.
Do burn, that to us, wretched earthly cUds,
In dreadful darknefs lend delired light. Spenjer.

The ^irit of man,
Which God infpir'd, cannot tngethef perifh
"With shis corporeal chd. Milicns Peradift Lnft.

How the purer fpirit is united to this clu!, li a
knot too hard for our degraded intelle£is to untie.

GlanvilU.

In moral refledions there muft be heat, as well
as dry reafon, to infpiic this cold clod of clay which
we carry about with us. Burnetii theory.

6. A dull, grofs, ilupid fellow; a dolt.

The vulgar ! a fcarce animated cbd.
Ne'er pleasM with aught above 'cm. Dryden.

To Clod. 1;. n. [from the noun.] To ga-
ther into concretions ; to coagulate :
for this we fometimes ufe clot.

Let us go find the body, and from the ftrcam,
With laverr pure, and cieanBn^ herbs, wafli off
The clcdded gore. Miltcn.

Te Clod. i». a. [from the noun.] To pelt

with clods.
Clo'ddy. aJJ. [from rW.}

1. Confifting of earth or clods ; eartfty ;
muddy ; miry ; mean ; grofs ; bafe.

The glorious fun,
Turning with fplendour of his precious eye
The meagre clcddy earth to glittering gold, Stak.

2. Full of clods unbroken.

Thefc lands they fow always under furrow
about Michaelmas, and leave it as chddy as they
ca». Mcrunieri liujhandry.

Clo'dpate. »./. [clod znd pate.'] A ilupid

fellow J a dolt ; a thickflcull.
Clo'dpate D. adj. [from cUdj,ate.] S'.u-

pid ; dull ; doltifh ; thoughtlefs.

My clodpadd lelations fpoiled the greatell genlu.
in die world, when they bred me a mechaniclc.

jirbutbnct.

Clo'dpoll. n. /. [from clod and poll.]
A thickfkull ; a dolt ; a blockhead.

This letter bemg fo excellently ignorant, he
will find that it comes from a clUftlU Siakeff.

S'o CLOG, f . a. [It is imagined by
Skinner to come from, log ; by Cafaubon
derived from xXo'i®-, a dog's collar, be--
ing thought to be firft hung upon fierce
dogs.]

■J. To load with fomething that may hin-
der motion ; to encumber with (hackles ;
to impede, by fattening to the neck or
leg a heavy piece of wood or iron.

If you find fo much blood in his liver as will
tUg the foot of a flea, I'll eat the reft of the
anatomy. Shakcfpeare.

Let a marfVean himfelf from thefe worldly im-
pediments, that here chg his foul's flight.

^igity on the Soul.

The wings of birds were clog^d with ice and

fnow. Dryden,

Flelhly lulls do dtbafe men's minds, and ihg

their fpirits, make them grofs and foul, liftlels

and nnaaive. Ttlhtjor..

Gums and pomatums (hail his flight rcftrain,
Vfhile chgg'd he beau his filken vnjngs in vain.

Pope.

2. To hinder; to obftruft.

The gutter'd rocks and congregated fand?.
Traitors uQcefi'd to (log the juJltJefs keel. Siak

y

C L O

His tnajefty's lliips were over-peftered and dcgged
with great ordnance, whereof there is fuporfiuity.

Rak'igh.

3. To load ; to burthen ; to embarrafs.

Since thou haft far to go, bear not along
The ckgging burthen of a guilty foul, Shakefp.

You 'II rue the time
That chgi me with this anfwer. Shakeffeare.

They lanc'd a vein, and watch'd returning
breatli j
It came, but clogg'dvi'itYi fynnptoms of his death.

Drydf}!.
All the commodities are clogged vi'trk impofitions.

ylddifin.

4. In the following paflage it is impro-
per, for its meaning always includes
hindrance.

Clocks and jacks, though the fcrews and teeth
of the wheels and nuts be never fo fmooth, yet,
if they be not nilod, will hardly move ; though you
clog them with never fo much weight.

Ray OS the Creation.

To Clog. t.-. ».

1 . To coalefce ; to adhere. In this fenfe,
perhaps, only corruptly ufed for clod or
clot.

Move it fometimes with a broom, that the feeds
(log not together, Evelyn.

2. To be encumbered or impeded by fome
extrinfkk matter.

In wnrkinj through the bone, the teeth of the
faw will begin to clog. Sharp's Surgery.

Clog, n. f. [from the verb.]

1 , A load ; a weight ; any encumbrance
hung upon any animal or thing to hin-
der motion.

I 'm glad at foul I have no other child ;
For tliy cfcape would teach me tyranny.
To hang ckgi on them. Shakefpeare.

1 dit^but prompt the age to quit their clogs.
By the known rules of ancient liberty.

Milton's Paradif- Regained.
As a dog, committed clufe
For fome oflfitnce, by chance breaks loofe.
And quits his clog', but all in v^in.
He ftil'S draws aftt^r him his chain. Huditras.

2. An encumbrance ; a hindrance ; an ob-
Ilrqdlion ; an impediment.

Wearitief. of the fiefli is an heavy clog to the
will. Hooker.

They "re our clogs, not their owp ; if a man be
Chain'd to a galley, yet the galley 's fi'ec. Donne.

Their prince made no othe/" ftep than rejeOing
the pojie'i fupremacy, as a clog upon his own power
and paHions, S-wift.

Slavery is, of all things, the greatcft clog and
obftacle to fpeculation, Smifl.

3. A kind of additional ihoe, worn by
women to keep them from wet,

4, A wooden Ihoe.

J n France the peafantry goes barefoot; and the
middle fort, throughout all that kingdom, makes
ufe of wooden clogs, Harvey on Confumptions.

Clo'gginess. ft./, [from cloggy.] The

(late of being clogged.
Clo'goy. adj, [from clog.] That which

has the power of clogging up.

By additaments of fome fuch naturtr, fomegroiTer
and cloggy parts are retained ; or elfe much fubti-
lizcd, and otherwife altered.

Boyle's Hi/iory of Firmnefs.

CLO'ISTER. n,/. [cla', Wel(h ; claup-
wp, Saxon ; defter. Germ, kloofter,
Dut. claitftro, Ital. cloiftre. Ft, clau-
ftrum, Latin.]

I. A religious retirement; a monailery ;
a nunnery.

Nui in a ferret clcifirr doth he keep
Tbcfc vir^io fpirits uMil their inuri>ge-day.

Bavin.

C L O

Some folitary clcifier will 1 choofc,
And there with holy virgins live immur'd. Dryd,

How could he have the leifure and retirednefs
of the chijicr, to perform tiwfe a£ts of devotion ?

Atterbury,

2. A periftyle ; a piazza.

To Clo'ister. II. a. [from the noun.]
To (hut up in a religious houfe ; to con-
(ine ; to immure ; tjj (hut up from the^
world,

Cloijier thee in fome religious houfe. Shakefpeare-,

They have by commandment, though in form
of courtefy, ckificrcd us within thefii walls for three
days, BccoK.

It was of the king''s firft afls to cloiflcr the queen
dowager in the nunnery of Bermondfey. Bacon,

Nature affords plenty of beauties, tjiat no maii
need complain if thj deformed are chifler;d up,

Rym r's Tragedies^:

Cho'isTERAL. adj. [from cloifter.] Soli^
tary ; retired ; religioufly reclufe.
Upon this ground many cloijieral men, of great

• learning and devotion, prefer contemplation before
aftion, Walt n's Angler.

Clo'ister£D, participial adj. [fromf^;-
fter.]

1. Solitary ; inhabiting cloifters.

Ere the bat hath flown.
His ckifier'd .light, there fliall be done
A deed of dreadful note. Shakefpeare' s Macbeth.

2. Built with periHyles or piazzas.

The Greeks and Romans had commonly two
cloijiered open courts, one ferving for the women's
fide, and the other for thffcien. Woiton's ArchiteS.
Clo'istress. n.f. [from cloifter.] A nun ;.
a lady who has vowed religious retire-
ment.

Like a cloiflreji flie will veiled walk,
And water once a day her chamber round
With eye-offending brine. Shakefpeare.

Cloke. ». /. See Cloait,
Clomb. [pret. of To c/imi.] ■

A/k to what end they clomi that tedious height..

Spenfer,

'To Cloom, 'v.a. [corrupted from cleam,.
claemian. Sax. which is ftill ufed in fome.-
provinces.] To clofe or (hut with gluti-
nous or vifcous matter.

Rear the hive enough to let them in, .ind doom.
up the (kirts, all but the door. Morlim. Hnfbandry^

To CLOSE, -v. a. [clo/a, Armorick ; ilujsi.
Dutch ; clos, Fr. clau/us, Lzt,]'.

1. To (hut; to lay together.

Sleep inftantly fell on me, calJ'd
By nature as in aid, and clos'd mine eyes.

Milton's Paredife Loji,

When the fad wife has f/os'i/ her hulband's eyes;.
Lies the pale corps, not yet entirely dead .> Prior.

I foon fliall vifit Heftor, and the fliades
Of my great anceftors. Cephifa, thau
Wilt lend a hand to clofe tliy midrcfs' eyes, Philipt,

2. To conclude; to end; to finilh.

One frugal fupper did our lludies chfc. Dryden, .

I clofe this with my earncft defires that you will'
ferioufly confider your eftate,

Wake's Preparation fir Death,.

Edward and Henry, now the boift of fame;
And virtuous Alfred, a more facred name;
After a life of generous toils endur'd,
Clos'd their long gl iries with a figh, to find
Th' unwilling gratitude of bafe mankind.

Pope'.' Horace,

3. To inclof©;, to confine; to repofue.

Every one
Ac»ording to the gift which bounteoua nature
Hath in him clos'd. » Skaicffca't,

4. To join ; to unite fraftares ; to conlTO'*
lidate fifllircs.

The armourcre accomplifliing the knighti,
Witk tufy lj«Kim«s chftng rivets «p. Uhakejpeare, .

TJy«i

' C L O

C L O

C L O

There being no wtntet yet to chfit up »nd unite
iti pant, and reftore die earth to iu former com-
|>a£tnef>. Burnet.

Ai fooa as any pablic rupture happens, it U im-

IDCiliaRly clafid up by moderation and good orBccs.

MJifia on Italy.

AU the trace* drawn there arc iinnicdialcly clofid
up, as chough you wrote them with your finger on
the furt'ace of a river. tP'iitu en lit MM.

Tt Close. <t;. n.

1. To coalefce ; to join its "own parts to-

• gether.

They, and all that appertained to tbemi went
down olive into the pit, and the earth ei'M upon
them. Nuv^itri, xvi. 33.

In plants, you may try tlie force of imagination
upon the lighicr rootioui, as upon their elo/tng and
•prniiig. haion,

2. To Close uptn. To agree upon ; to
join in.

The jealoufy of fuch a defign in us would
induce France and Holland to fkfe upan fomc
meafuret bctvvccn them to our difadvantagi^

'TemfJt.

3. Ttf Close iciili. J To come to an
To Close /« ivitl;. J agieeme<»t with ;
to comply with ; to unite with.

Intire eowjrdice makes thee wrong this vir-
tuous gehtlewoman, to chfe •with us.

' Shakejff arc's Henry IV.

It would become hie better, than to rloft^
la terms of friendthip iriib tliinc enemies.

Shahefprare's yuUui Cafar.

There was no fuchi iefeii in roan"s underftand-
Sng, but that it woolSThji it'i'i' the evidence. Siulh.

He look the' time wiien Kichard was depos'J,
And high and lavtwitrj happy Harry cloi'J, Dryd.

Pride is fo unfociable a vice, that there is no
clsfirg v/ith it. Ctlliir af fr'unjjhip.

Tliis fpirit, poured upon iron, let:, go the wu-

ter ; the acid fpirit is more attrartcd by the fixed

■ body, and lets go the rater, to chfe ivUb the fixed

-fcody. Neu-ton's Qpticks.

Such a proof as would have been clofrd •with
. certainly at the firft, ihall be fet alide ^afily after-
wards. Atlcrbury.

Thefe governors bent all their thoughts and
applications to chje in xaitb the people, now the
ftronger party. S'wt/t,

4'. Ta Close nvitb. To grapple with in

wreftling.
Close. »./ [from the verb.]

1. Any thing fliut ; without outlet.

The admirable cft'ecfs of this diHillation in (Ufe,
which is like the wombs and matrices of living
creatures. Btcon.

2. A fmall field inclofed.

I have a tree, which grows here in my et^t,

• That mine own ufc invites me to cut down.
And (hortly niuft 1 fell it. ShakfJ^care.

Certain bedgers dividing a clojc, chanced upon a
great chert. Carriu'l Survey cfCorn'wa//

3^ The manner of (hutting : in this and
the following fenfe it is pronounced as
e/oze.

The doors of plank were ; their c/iji exquifite,
Kept with a double key. Ctafman,

4. The time of (hutting up.

In the cl'.ft of night,
Philomel begins her hcav'nly lay. Dryicn.

f. A grapple in wreftling.

The king went of purpoie into the North, lay-
ing an open fide unto Perkin to make him come
«*» the ficfr, and fo to trip up his heels, having
made fure in Ktaf beforehand. Baccn.

Bath fill'a with diift, but darting up, the third
jhk they had made.
Had net Achilles' lelf Itiiud up. Chapman.

i. Fiuife : cc^lktion ; reiL

The air, fuch pleafure lolh to lofe,
With thoufand ecclioes fiili prolongs each heavniy
(iojit Hilitn.

6

At ev'i-y chfi (he made, th' attending throng
Replied, and bor^ t)>c burden of the fang.

. Drydtn'l Feil/t.

7. A condition or end.

Speedy death,
The ekf; of all my mifcriei and the balm. Milttn.

Thro" Syria, Herfia, Greece, (he goes ;
And takes the Romans in the ehj\: Prnr.

Close, adj. Tfrom the verb.]

1 . Shut fall, (o as to leave no part open ;
as, a clofe box, a f/«/^houfe.

We fuppofe this bag t* be tied cisift about, to-
wards the window. ICtlk'mt.

2. Having no vent ; witltout inlet ; fecret ;
private ; not to be feen through.

Nor could his afts too c/ofe a vizard wear.
To 'fcajie their eyei whom guilt had taught to
fear. Drydcn.

3. Confined ;' ftagnant ; without ventila-
tion.

. If the rooms be low-roofed, or full of vvindows

and doors ; the one maketh the air ckje, and not

frclb i and the other maketh it exceeding unequal.

Bacon's Natural Hifiory.

4. Compafl ; folid ; denfe ; without in-
terilices or vacuities.

The inward fubrtancc of the earth is of itfelf an
uniform mafs, cloft and compafi. Burnet's Tbmry.

The golden globe being put into a prefs, which
WIS driven by the extreme force of fcrcws, the
water made itfelf way thro' the pores of that very
ckfe metal. Locke.

5. Vifcous ; glutinous ; not volatile.

This oil, which nourifhes the lamp, is fiippofed
of fo chfe and tenacious a fubftance, that it ma)
(lowly evaporate. H^ilkim.

6. Concife ; brief; comprcfled ;' without
exuberance or digrefllon.

You lay your thoughts lb chfe together, that,
were they clofcr, they would be crowded, and even
a due connexion would be wanting. Dryd. Juv.

Where the original is clofe, no verCon can reach
it in the fame conipafs. Dryden,

Read tbefe inftruftive leaves, in which confpire
Frefnoy's cl'Jt art, and Dryden's native fire. Pope.

7. Joined without any intervening diftance
or fpace, whether of time or place.

Was I a man bred great as Rome herlelf.
Equal to all her titles ! that could ftand
Clofe up with Atlas, and fullain her name
As ftrong as hi doth hcav'n ! Benjonfon.

We mud lay aflde that lazy and fallacious
method of cenfuifng by the lump, and muft bring
things ckfe to the tell of true or falfe.

Burnet's The^.

Plant the fpring crocufes citfe to a wall. Mwiim.
Where'er my name I find.
Some dire misfortune follows clofe behind. Pope.

8. Approaching nearly ; joined one to

another.'

Now fit we clife about this taper here.
And call in queftiun our neceiUties. Hbakefptare.

9. Narrow ; as, a clo/c alley.

10. Admitting fmaUdiilance.

Short crooked fwords in cl<fer fight they wear.

Dryden.

1 1 . Undifcovered ; without any token by
which one may be found.

Clofe nbfervc him for the fake of mockery. Clofe,
in the name of Jolting! lie you there. Shakefp,

12. Hidden; fecret; not revealed.

A iltfe inient at Lilt to fliew me grace. Speifer.

Some fpagyiifts, that keep their bcft things cltfe,
will do mure to vindicate their art, or oppofe their
antagonilh, than to gratify the curious, or benefit
mankind. Beyle.

13. Having the quality of fecrecy ; trufty.

Contlant you arc.
But yet a woman j auil I'm fccrefy,
No Udy clofer. Sbakefpeare.

14. Having an appearance of concealment J
cloudy ; fly.

That clofe afpeft of hjj
Does (hew tlie mood of a much troubled brcaft.

Shakefpeare,

15. Without wandering; without devia-
tion ; ^attentive.

I difeovered no way to keep our thoughti clofe to
their bufincfs, but, by frequent attention, getting
the habit of attention. Ltck:>

16. Full to the point ; home.

I am engaging in a large difpute, where the argu-
ments are not like to reach clofe OQ either lide. Drji,

1 7. Retired ; folitary.

He kept himfelf rfc/t becaufe of Saul. Cbmicla.

18. Secluded from communication; as, a
clafe prifoner.

19. Applied to the weatlier, dark; cloudy;
not clear.

Close. aJ-v. It has the fame meanings
with cloftly, and is not always ealily
diftinguiihed from the adje£tive.

1. Nearly ; denfely ; fecredy.

He his lleep
Diliurb'd not, waiting tioft the approach of mom.

MUtui,
Behind her death
CUfe following pace for pace, not mounted jet
On his purple horfc. Mil'on,^

2. It is ufed fometimes adverbially by it-
felf, but more frequently in compofition.
As,

Close-banded, asif. In clofe order;
thick ranged ; or fecretlj- leagued, which
feems rathei'the meaning in this paf-
fage.

Nor in the houfe, which chamber ambu(he3
Clofe-banded, durft attack me. Mition,

Close-bodied, adj. Made to fit the body
exafUy.

If any clergy ihall appear in any clofe -hidieicoK,
they (hall be fufpcnded. Ay.'iJfe'sParergon,

Close-handed, adj. Covetous.

Galba was very clofe-banded : I have not read
much of his liberalities. Arhuthnot m Corns.

Close-pent. adj. Shut clofe; without
vent.

Then in fome chfe-pent room it crept along,
And, fmould'ring as it went, in filencc fed. Dryi,

Clo'sely. adv. [from f/^.j

1 . Without inlet or outlet.

Putting the mixture into a crucible cicfelj luted,

Boyle,

2. Without much fpace intervening ;
nearly.

Follow Fluellen chfclj at the heelt. SbtUf^art,

3. Attentively.

If we look more chVs, we (hall find
Mofi have the feeds of judgment in their mind.

fitpt.

4. Secretly; fliJy.

A Spaniard, riding on the bay, fent fome clofely
into the village, in the dark of the night.

Carfw's Survey of CcrmueUU

5. Without deviation.

1 h )pe I have tranlUtcd elMf enough, and given
them the fame turn of vcrfe which they had in the
original. Dryden.

Clo'seness. at. / [from f/o/J.]
I . The ftate oi being (hut ; or, the qua-
lity of admitting to be fliut without in-
let or outlet. .

In drums, the, r/o/inr/l round about that prefer-
vcth the found, maketh the noife come forth of
the drum-hole more loud than if yon Ihould Arike
upon the like ikio extcadcd In the open air.

iU<M°( Natural Hifiory,

2. Narrow-

C L O

8. Narrownefs ; ftraitnefs,
5. Want of air, or ventilation.

I took my lesTe, being half-ftified by the elofe-
ntf> of the room. Sivifi.

C L O

8

^. 'Compaftnefs ; folidity.

How could partickn, fowidely difperfcd, combine
loto that cicjenifi of . xture ? Btniky.

The hartc of" the fpiilt to put forth and the chje-
miji of the bark, caufc prickles in boughs.

Baccn's Natural Hi/lwy,

5 , Reclufenefs ; folitude ; reiiremeut.

1 thuj negle^ing worldly ends, all dedicated
To chfetfi, and the bettering of my mind. Shah.

6, Secrfcys privacy.

To bis confederates he was conftant and juft,
but not open. Such was his enquiry, and fuch his
thjtnejt, aslliey flood in the light towards him,
and he flood in the dark towards them.

Bt:n'iHtnryW\.
A jaaniey of much adventure had been r.ot com-
municated with any of bis majcfty's counfeUors,
being carried with great chfcncfi, liker a bufinefs of
love than ftate. fftnnm.

We rife not againft the piercing judgment of
ilkugudus, nor the extreme caution or cltfitup of
Tiberius. Bacons Ejjayi.

This prince was fo very referved, that he would
Impart his fecrcts to n» body: whereupoa this
thjentfi did a little perifli his underftanding.

Cs//iVr of Frimljhif,

7, CovetoufDefs ; fly avarice.

Irus judged, that while he could keep bis po-
verty a fecret, he fliould not feci it : he improved
this thouglit into an affecbtion of ri^Jcnefs and co-
vetoufnefs. _ MJiftn't Sftctalcr.

• Connexion ; dependance.

The aOions and proceedings of wife men run in
greater cA/fw/i and coherence %riih one another,
than thui to drive at a cafual iiTuc, brought undrr
no forecaft or dcfign. Souib.

Clo'ser. n. /. [fromf/a/i.] A finiflier ;

a cbncluder.
Clo'sestool. ». / [clofe and /««/.] A
chamber impleinenc.

A peftle for his truncheon, led the van ;
And his high helmet was a (kft,fnial pan. Garth.

Clo'set. »./ [from r/o/i.J

I. A fmall room of privacy and retirement.

. The taper bumeth in your cla'a- Sbate/fearr.

He would make a ftep into hi's chftt, and after a

ftiort prayer he was gone. ffoittn.

3. A private repofitory, of curiofities and
valuable things.

He fliould have made himfelf a kcv, wherewith
to open the ilofft of Minerva, where thofe fair
treafurei are to be found in all abundance.

,, , .. DryJtt't Dufrefnay.

He furnifliM her ch/et firrt, and fills
The crowded (helves wiih rarities of (helb.
ff. „ , DryJrniFallet,

To Clo set. v. a. [from the noun.]

1. To Ihut up, or conceal, in a dofet.

The heat
Of thy great love once fptead, as in an urn,
Doth ckfct up itfelf. Utrkcrt.

2. To take into a clofet for a fecret inter-
view.

About this time began the projeft of clcfrtirg,
where the principal gentlemen of the kingdom were
privately catechifed by his Majefty. S-wlft.

Closh. n./. A dlftemper in the feet of
cattle ; called alfo \ke founder. Dia.

Cto'suRE. n. f. [from f/e/a.]

1. The aft of (hutting up.

The chink was carefully clofcd up! upon which
(UJuTI there appeared not any change.

BoyU'i Sfrinr i,f ttt Air.

2. That by which anything is clofedor (hut.

1 admire your fending yout latt to me quite open,
without a falf wafer^ oi any cU^uti whatever.

P^f* It Swift.

. The parts indofing ; inclafure.

O thou blooJy prifan !
Within tlic guilty chfure of thy wails
Kichard the Second here was hack'd to death.

' Stjkiffeare,
4. Conclufion ; end. Not in ufe.

We'll hand in hand all headlong ca ft us down,
And make 3 mutual c/c/i/rof our houfe. Shaiiff,

CLOT. »./ [probably, at iirft, the fame
with c/od, but now always applied to
different ufes ; or rather /(/o//^, Dutch,
a mafs. ] Concretion ; coagulation ;
grume.

The white of an egg, with fpirit of wine, doth
bake the egg into cht:, as if it began to poch.

. Bacov.

The opening itfelf wai ftopt with a clot of gru-

mous blood. tVifcman'! Surf^,.y.

To CtOT. 1'. n. [from the noun ; or irom
klotteren, Dutch.]

1 . To form clots, or clods ; to hang toge-
ther.

Huge unwieldy bones, lafting remains
Of that gigantick race ; which, as he breaks
Thei-Zorrrrf glebe, the plowman haply finds, fbilitu

2. _To concrete ; to coagulate ; to gather
. into concretions : as, dmid milk, dotud

blood.

Here mangled limbs, here brains and gore,
Lie dated. eWifs.

3. To become grofs.
CLOTH. «. / plural ckths or clothes.

[claS, Saxon.]

1. Any thing woven for drefs or covering,
whether of animal or vegetable fulj-
flance.

A coftly cUlh of gold. Drayton.

The Spaniards buy their linen cloths in that

'V"E''<"": Sivift.

2. The piece of linen fpread upon a table.

Nor let, like Narvius, every error pafs ;
The mufty wine, foul cloth, or greafy glafs. P'^<.

3. The canvafs on which piftures are tfe-
lineated.

I anfwcr you right painted <■/<,/*, ' from whence
you have lludied jour queftions. Shahfpeare.

Who fears a fentence, or an old mans faw,
Shall by a painted r,Vi te kept in awe. ShaieCfi.

This idea, which we may tall the giKlJef/of
painting and of fculpture, dcfcends upon the mar-
ble and the clat, and becomes the original of thefc
^^- DryJcn.

^. Any texture put to a particular ufe.

The king ftood up under his clotb of l>ate, took/
the fword from the protettor, and dubbed the Lorrf
Mayor of London knight. Sir John Hayicard.

I'll make the very green cloth to look blue./
-— - ^cn jf/nfon,

;. Drefs ; raiment.

I'll ne'er didruft my God for cktb and bread,
While lilies flourifli, and the raven's fed. %flr/«.

). Cloth, taken abfolutely, commonly

means a texture of wool.
'. In the plural. Drefs; habit; garment;
vefture ; veftments : including whatever
covering is worn on the body. In this
fenfe always clothes, pronounced do's.
He with him brought Fryenc, rich arra-,'d
In Claribtllae'i cUthcs. 'spcnjrr.

Take up thefe chtbii here quickly ; carry them
to the laun.lrefs in Datchct-nicad. Sldkrfftcr.,
Strength grows moru from the warmth of exer.
cjfcs than of cloaibi. ttmfli,

. The co\ering of a bed.

Cizing on her midnight foes,
Shi tutu'd each way her ftigliied head.
Then funk it deep brncath the cUttes, Pr'nr,

To Clothe, t'. a. pret. I clothed, ot clad ;
parijcip. fltthtd-, «r chd. [from dofh.]

CLO

I. To invert with garments ; to cover with

drefs, from cold and injuries.

An inhabitant of NcvaZcmbla having lived in
Denmark, wlicre he was chtbcJ, took tlie firft op-
portunity of making his elcape into nak. dnefs.

_, . Addijons freeholder.

1 he Britons, in Caefar's time, painted their b*.
dies, and chthed thcnifelves with the (kins of beafts.

With fuperior boon may your rich foil
Eicubcrant nature's better bleUings pour
O'er every land, the naked nations cLihe,
And be th' cxhauftlefs granary of a world, thomfot,,

s. To adorn with drefs.

We chtbc and adorn our bodies: indeed, too

much time we beftow upon that. Our fouls alfa

are to be chhcd with holy habits, and adorned

witli good works. Hay on Creathn,

Embroiler'd purple clothes the golden beds.

_, . „ . Pope's Statiut.

3. To invert, as with clothes.

I put on righteoufnefs, and it clcihtd me. Jeh,

Hall thou clotbtd his neck with thunder ? Joh.

I will alfo cicthc «er priefts with falvation. Pfal.

- Jf thou beeft he ; but O ho"- fall'n ! how chaiig'd

From him, who in the happy rralms of light,

C.cfAVwith tranfcendentbrightncfs, did'ft out(hire

Myriads though bright ! AfiAon.

They leave the (hady realms of night.
And, chih'd in bodies, breathe your upper lighf.

r I. 1. ,• 1 Drydin,.

l.et both ufe the cleareft language in which they

can clothe their thoughts. H^atn on the Mind.

4. To furnifh or provide with clothes.

Drowlinefs (hall ilothe a man with rags. Priv^.

To Clothe, v. n. To wear clothes.

Carcnomoretor/of/'.randeat. Shut. Cymielire,

Clothier.b./ [from doth.] A maker
ot doth.

Tlie clothiers all, not able to maintain
Tlie many to them 'longing, have put olF
The fpinfters, carders, fullers, weavers.

„. . Shahffeare's Henry VIII;

His commilfioners (hould laul'e ehthitrt to take
wool, paying only two parts of the price. Hanwrd. .

They (hall only fpoil the clothiers wool, and begi
gar the prcfcnt fpinncis, at beft.

Sraunt's Bills of Mutality.

Clo't h I n g . »./ [from To clothe.] Drefs j.-
vefture; garments.

Thy bofom might receive my yielded fpright,
And thine with it, in iicaven's pure chthinr drcft,
1 hrough clcarea Ikies might take united (light.

V L J > . , yatrjax.

Your bread and clothing, and every neced'ary of

life, entirely depend upon it. Sivift.

Clothshe'arer. ti. /. [from doth w A:
fhear.] One who uims the doth, an4.
levels the nap. \

My father is a poor man, and h} bis occupation,
a clotbfheanr. Huke-wW on Providence. .

Clo't POLL. n.f. [from dot And p»ll.1

1. Thick&ull ; blockhead. \

What fajs the fellow there? calY the chtpoll
■"^r^-. . , Hak.fp.ar...

2. Head, in fcorn.

I have fcnt Cloten's clolfoll down tiie ftream.
In emlafly to his mother. Siakefptare' s dymleline^
r« Clo'tter.c. ». [khiterea, Dutch.]''
To concrete j to coagulate j to gather'
into lumps.

.,-ji • ■ "* ''"Se'i 'I'e trembling «rc,
Slidd ring thro' clttttr'd blood and holy mire.

Drydtn's jSfk^Ji.

Clo'ttit. adj. [fromr/«r.] Full of clods j:
concreted ; full of concretions.

The matter expeflorated is thin, and mixt with:
thick, (/«(;, blui.-.'iftteaks. liarvey onCorfunfiienU.

>\ here laid ii ck-ty, «r,d a ftuwcr if . ain loaka ,
through, you «.a; tutU up! of » rail to brca!; it.

M^rtintcm ■

CLOUDw.

C L O

CLOUD. V. /. [The derivation t» not
known. Min/hnu derives it from clauda,
to (hut ; Somner from clod; Cafaubon from
ax^vf, darknefj ; Skinner from kladdt,
Dutch, a fpot.]
I. Thv dark collection of vapours in the
air.

Now are the cluijs, that lowerM upon our houfe,
In the deep balbm of the ocein b'^rieJ.

Sbakifp. Riebdrdm.
As a mill i« a multitude of fma'.i but folid glo-
tuljs, which thdrefore dtfcend ; io a vapour, and
therefore a watery cloud, is nathirg elfc but a con-
geries of very fmall and concave globules, which
jthercfore afccnd, to that height in which they arc
•f eijual weight with the air, where they remain
fufpended, till, by fame motion in the air, being
broken, they defcend in folid drops ; either fmall,
■s in a mill ; »r bigjcr, wlien many of them run
together, as in rain. Crno's Cofmotojia.

ClouJi are the greatcft and moft confiderablc of
all the meteors, as furnilhing water and plenty to
the earth. They confift of very fmall drops of
water, and are elevated a good'dillance above the
furface of the Mrth; for a cloud is nothing but a
mill flying high in the air, as a mill it nothing
fcut a cUud here below. Lackt.

Ho«' vapours, tum'd to clouds, obfcure the Iky ;
And claudi, diiTolv'd, the tbirfty ground fuupiy.

Rofcimmox,
The dawn is overcall, the morning low'rs.
And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addijon.

8. The veins, marks, or flains, in ftones

or other bodies.
3. Any ftate of obfcurity or darknefa.

Tho' poets may of inl'piration boall.
Their rage, ill govem'd, in the ckuds is loll. Waller,

How can I fee the brave and young
Fall in the tloudofviiT, and fall unfung ? AJdifcn.

A. Any thing that fpreads wide ; as a crowd,
a mtihittide.

Theobjeftion comes to no mor« than this, that,
amangft a cicud of witnefles, there was one of no
very good reputation. jiittrbmy.

Vo Cloud, v. d. [from the noun]

1 . To darken with clouds ; to cover with
" clouds ; to obfcure.

2. To make of fullen and gloomy ap-
pearance.

Be not dilhcarten'd then, nor cloud thofc looks,

That wont to be more cheerful and fcrenc. Miliav.

What fullen fury clouds his fcnrnfiil brow ! Pofe.

3. To obfcure ; to make lefs evident.

If men would not exhale vapours to ckud and
darken the cleared truths, ns man could niifs his
way to heaven for want of light. Decay ofPiitJ,

4. To variegate with dark veins.

The hand'e fmooth and plain,
Made of the clouded olive's eafy grain. Pof'i.

^0 Cloud, v. n. To grow cloudy ; to grow

dark with clouds.
Clo'udeerr Y. n.f. [from (loud 2inA ber-

ry ; cham<emorus.'\ The name of a plant,

called alfo knotberry. Miller.

Clo'udcapt. aJj. [from cloud vnA cnp.^

Toppedwithclouds; touching thedouds.

The cloudccpt towers, the gcrgeous palaces.
The folemn temples, the great globe itfelf.
Yea, all which it inherits, fiiall difTolve. Stakc/f.

Cloudcompe'llinc./k^'. [A word form-
ed in imitation of rifiiXnyfVsTti;, ill under-
flood.] An epithet of Jupiter, by whom
clouds were fuppofed to be coUcded.

Health to both Ui<igs, attended with a roar
Of cannons, ccchoM from th' atlrighted (hore ;
With loud refemklance of his thunder, prove
Bacchui the feed of chudccmfelliitg Jove, fyalter

Supplicating iBove
Tij juft complaliit li) thidstm^elling Jove. Drjd,

C L O

Clo'udilt. adv. [from cloudy.^

1. With clouds ; darkly.

2. Obfcurely ; not perfpicuoufly.

Some had rather have good difcipline delivered
plainly, by way of precepts, than ehudilj enwrapped
in allegories. Sftenfer.

He was comitwindi-d to write fo ekadily by Cor-
nutus . Drydtn.

Clo'udiness. n.f. [from cleudy.'\

1. The ftate of being covered with clouds ;
darknefs.

You have fuch a February face,
So full of froft, of ftorm, and cloudiness. Shaktff.

The (ituation of this illand expofes it to a con-
tinual cloudincfs, which in the fummer readers the
air colder, and in the winter warm.

Harvey on Confutnft'iom.

2. Want of brightnefs.

I faw a cloudy Hungarian diamond made clearer
by lying in a cold liquor; wherein, he affirmed,
that upon keeping it longer, the (lone would lofe
more of its cloudinefs, Scyle.

Clo'udless. ezdj. [from elouJ. ] Without
clouds ; clear ; unclouded ; bright ; lu-
minous ; lightforae ; pure ; undarkened.

This Partridge foon (hall view in ctoudkfs Ikies,
When next he looks through Galilaeo's eyes. Pofi.

How many fuch there muft be in the vail extent
of fpace, a naked eye in a cloudlefs night may give
us fome faint glimpfe. Cbeyr.e.

Clo'u Dv. adj. [from deud.']

1 . Covered with clouds ; obfcurcd with
clouds; confining of clouds.

As Mofes entered into the tabernacle, the cloudy
pillar dcfcended, and flood at the door. Exodus.

2. Dark ; obfcure ; not intelligible.

If you content yourfelf frequently with words

inllead of ideas, «r with cloudy and confufed no-

■ tions of things, how impenetrable will that dark-

nefs be ! H^atis on the Mind.

3. Gloomy of look ; not open, nor cheer-
ful.

So my (lorm-bcaten heart likewife is chcer'd
With that fun-fl-.ine, when cloudy looks are-clcar'd.

Sfenfer.

Witnefs my fon, now in the (hade of death,
Whofe bright outlhining beams thy(/W^ wrath
Hath in eternal darknefs folded up. Sbakeffeare.

4. Marked with fpots or veins.

5. Not bright, wanting luflre.

1 faw a cloudy diamond. Boyle.

Clove, n./. [the preterite of cleave.] Sec
Ta Cleave.

Gyon's angry blaJs fo fierce did play
On th' other's helmet, which as Titan (hone,
That quite it cltve his plumed crell in tway.

Fairy ^een.

CLOVE, a. /. [clou, Ft. a nail, from the
fimilitode of a clove to a nail. ]

1. A valuable fpice brought from Ternate
in the Eaft Indies. It is the fruit or
feed of ^ very Urge tree. ^

Clo-ve fecms to be the rudiment or beginning of
a friiit growing upon dove-trees.

Bro^itn's Vulgar Errcun.

2. Some of the parts into which garlick
feparatcs, when the outer (kin is torn
off. [In this fenfe it is derived from
cluve, the preterite of cleaiie.]

'Tis mortal frn an onion to devour;
Each clove of garlick is a facred power. Tale^s jfuv.

Clove-cillyplower. ». / [from its
fmelling like cloiet.]

This geirus maybe divided into three clafTes !
I. The clove-gillyflower, or carnation, a. The
pink. 3. The fweet William. The carnation,
or clove-p,illyflower, are diftinguilhed into four
clalTes. The 6rll, called flakes, having two co-
louri only, aad their ftripcs large, (oing <ittitc

C L O

throagh the leaves. The feeond, called bitany
have flowers llriped or variegated with three or
four difl^erent colours. The third ate piquettet |
tliefe flowers liave always a white ground, and ar8
fpotted with fcarlot, red, purple, or other colours,
'i'h* fourth are called painted ladies t thefe have
their peuls of a red or purple colouT on the up-
per fide, and are white underneath. Of each of
thefe cbflTes there are numerous varieties. The
true clove-gillyflower has been long in ufe for mak-
ing a cordial fvrup. "There are two or three va-
rietiei commonly brought to the markets, whick
dilTer greatly in goodnefs ; fome having very little
fcent, when compared with the true fort. Miller,

Clo'vzk. fart, fret, [f torn cleave.] See
To CLEAVE.

There is Aulidius, lill you what work he makes
Among your cloven army. Sbakejfeare.

Now heap'd high
Tie cloven oaks and lofty pines do lie. Waller^

A chap-fallen beaver, loofdy hanging by
The cloven helm, and arch of viftory. Dryden.

Clo'ven-footed. ladj. [cloven zn6 foot ,
Clo'ten-hoofed. J or hoof.] Having

the foot divided into two paits ; not a,

round hoof ; bifulcous.

There are the bifulcous or cloven-hoof ed i at CI«
jnels and beavers. Sroivn's fulrar Errtum

The cloven-foeted fiend is banilh'd trom us.

DryJeitf

Great variety of water-fowl, both whole an<
elovenfooied, frequent the waters. Ray on tie Crejt,

CLO'VER. 7». /. [mora properly

Clo'vbr-crass.J clover idxps-HtSix.}
I . A fpecies of trefoil.

The even mead, that erft brought fweetly forth
The freckled cowflip, burnct, and green cfctw.

Sheke/fiare
Nature (hall provide
Green graft and fattening clovtr for their fare.

Dryden.

Clover improves land, by the great quantity of

cattle it maintains. Monimer's Hujlandry.

My Blouzelinda is the blithed lafs.
Than primrofe fweeter, or the clover-grafs. Cay,
z. To live in Clover, is to live luxuri-
oufly ; clover being extremely delicious
and fattening to cattle.
Well, Laureat, was the night in clovtr fpent }

Ogle.

Clo'verbd. fli^'. [fiom clever.] Covered
with clover.

Flocks thick-nibbling thro' the cltver'd vale.

Thov.fin,

Clouch. h. f. [clouih, Saxon.] The
cleft of a hill ; a clitt. In compolition,
a hilly place.

Clouch. «. / [In commerce.] An al-
lowance of two pounds in every hundred
weight for the turn of the fcale that
the commodity may held out weight
when fold by retail.

CLOUT. ». / [clue, Saxon.]

1. A cloth for any mean ufe.

His garment nought but many ragged chuti.
With liorns together pinn'd, and patched was.

Sfenfer,
A clout upon that head.
Where late the diadem flood. Shakefpoarc,

In pow'r of fpittle and a cUul,
Whrtrc'er he plcafe, to blot it out. Swijim

2. A patch on a (hoe or coat.

3. Anciently, the mark of white cloth at
which archers Ihot.

He drew a good bow ; he (hot a fine (hoot ; he
would have clapt in the clcuf at twelve fcote, Stak.

4. An iron plate to keep an axle-uee from
wearing.

C L O

ft! Clout, -b. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To patch ; to mend coarfel y.

1 thought he /lepr, and put
My (hated brogues from off my feet, whofc rudcnefs
Anfwer'd my ftens too loud. Shakejpcare.

Th- dull (wain
Treads on it daily with his chulctt Otoon. Milton.

2. To cover with a cloth.

Milk Tome unhappy ewe,
Whofc chutr-d leg her hurt doth (hew. Spinfcr.

3. To join awkwardly or coarfely toge-
ther.

Many fentences of cue meaning clouteil up toge-
*'«'■• Jlfcbam.

Clo'uted. participial adj. Congealed ;
coagulated : corruptly ufed for clotieti.

I've kai her ikim the douicd cream,
And prcfs from fpongy curds the milky ilream. Gay.
Clo'iiterly. adj. [probably by corrup-
tion from louttrly.^ Clumfy ; awkward :
as, a clout crly fellow.
The fingle wheel plough is a vtry ckuterly fort.
or r\ ir t Mortimer's Hujhandry.

CLOWN, n.f. [imagined by 5,f/nwr and
Junius to be contracted from colonus. It
ieems rather a Saxon word, corrupted
from loiun; hen, Dut. A word nearly of
the fame import.]

\. A ruftick ; a country fellow; a churl.

He came witii all his dnvns, hoifed upon cart-
J'"!!'/ ," Sidney.

1 httkiens, a boift'rous, nide, ungovern'd crew.
With lunous halte to the loud fummens flew.

. , Dryden.

2. A coarfe, ill-bred man.

In youth a coxcomb, and in age » clown. Spea.

A country fquire, rcprefented with no other vice
but that of being a clown, and having the provin-
cial accent, '^sv.ift.

Clownery, ». / [from f/ew».] HI.
breeding; churl ilhnefs; rudenefs; bru-
tality.
The fool', conceit had both clownery and ill-
. ^ r ' L'EJIrangt.

Clo wnish. adj. [from clown.]

1. Confifting ol rullicks or clowns.

Young Silvia beats h-r breail, and cries aloud
tor fuccour from the clm>mjh neighbourhood.

2. Coarfe ; roogh ; ragged. "* "

But with his clownijh hamis their tend:-r wines
He br>,(hcth ofr. Spinfer'i Fain, Sueen.

3. Uncivil ; ill-bred ; ill-mannered.

What if we ellay'd to fteal
The clovini/h fool out of jour father's court ?

4. Clumfy ; ungainly. '^
With a grave look, in this odd equipage,

The climinip miinick traverf -s the Ilage. Prior.
Clo'wn.shly. ad-v. [from cloiunip.^

Coarfely; rudely; brutally.
CtowNisHNHSs. n.f. [itom do-uimjh.y

1. Rufticity; coarfenefs; unpoiifhed rude-
nefs.

Even his Dorick dialeft ha, a„ incomparable

If the boy ffiould n.ttnake leg, very gracefully,
a dancmg mafter will cure that defc«, and wipe

2. Incivility; brutality.
Clown', Mustard, n.f. An herb. Dia.
To CLOY. -v. a. [enclpuir. Fr. to nail up ;

to (top tip. '^ '

I. To latiate ; to fate ; to fill beyond de-

T.' , ^u''*^"' ' '° fi" t° loathing,
n,. le„8d, of thofc fp«chc. had not chjed Py.

C L U

recles, though he were very !mt>at!ent of long de-
liberations. " gidmy.

The very creed of Athanafius, and that facrcd
hymn of glory, are reckoned as fuperfluitics, which
we niurt in any cafe pare away, left we cloy God
with too much fcrvice. Ihoker.

Who ca-. cloy the hungry edge of apoetite
By bare imagination of a feaft ? 'Sbakcfpeare.

Continually vary'ng the fame fenfc, and taking
up what he had more tlian enough inculcated be-
fore, he fometimes clcys his readers inf.ead of fa-
tlsfymg them. Dryden.

Whofe little (lore her well taught mind does
plcafe,
Norpinch'd with want, norrfoy V with wanton eafe.

Rofcomtnar.

Intemperance in eating and drinking, inftcad of

delighting and fatisfying nature, doth but load apd

''"y"'^- Tilhtfon.

Settle, cloy'd with cuftard and with praifc.
Is gather'd to the dull of ancient days. Pope.

2. It feeras to have, in the following paf-
fage, another fenfe : perhaps to ftrike
the beak together.

His royal bird
Prunes the immortal wing, and clyt his beak.
As when his god is pleas'd, Shalejfe.,re.

3. To nail up guns, by ftriking a fpike
into the touch-hole.

Clo'yless. adj. [from cloy.] That of
which too much cannot be had; that
which cannot caufe fatiety.

£picurean cooks
Sharpen with tkylefs fauce his appetite. Shaicfp.
Cloyment, n.f. [from cloy.] Satiety;
repletion beyond appetite.

•'^'^s ; their love may be called appetite :
No motion of the liver, but the palate.
That fuffers furfeit, ckymcnt, and revolt. Shakifp.

CLUB. n.f. [from clivppa, Wellh ; kluppel,
Dutch.]

J . A heavy ftick ; a llafF intended for of-
fence.

He (trove his combreJ tlub to quit
Out of the earth. Spenfe,'! Fairy fluccn.

As he pulled off his helmet, a butcher (lew him
with the ftrokc of a cM. Haytaard.

Arm'd with a knotty club another came. Dryd.

2, The name of one of the fuits of cards.

The ilubi black tyrant fird lu-r viflim died,
Spile of his haughty mien and barb'rous pride.
r„ P-^pe.

3. [From cleopan, to divide. Skinner.]
The fliot or dividend >)f a reckoning,
paid by the company in jull propor-
tions.

C L U

A tuddling couple fold ale: their hum 'ur Was
to drink drunk, upnn their own liquor : they laid
down their club, and this they called f ,rcing a
"a'''" rr , VEjIrange.

4. An aflembly of good fellows, meeting
under certain conditions.

What riylit has any man to meet in faftious
cA(ii to vilify the government? Dryd. Medal. Dcd.

5. Concurrence; contribution; jointcharge.

He 's bound to vouch them for his own,
Th<,' got b" rmplicite genci..tion.
And general club of all the nation. Hudibrau
Te Clud. -v.n. [from the noun.]

1. To contribute to a common expence
in fettled proportions.

2. To join to one effea ; to contribute fe-
parare powers to one end.

Till gralfer atoms, tumbling in the Urcam
Of fancy, madly met, and clubh'd into a dream.

_ Dryden.

tvcry part of the body feems to ilub and contri-
bute to thp feed i elfe why (hould parents, born
blind or deaf, fomi-timci jjencratc childrcu with the
Mme impeiltitioaa i j^^y.

Let fugar, wine, and creaaj together cluh.
To make that gentle viand, fyllabub. . fCinrf
The owl, tlie raven, and the bat,
Cluhb'd for a feather to his hat. S-wift.

To Club. a-, a. To pay to a common
reckoning.

Plums a.od dlreftors, Shylocfc and his <Vife,
Will c/uiThelr tellers now to take your life. Pope.

Fibres being diftinft, and impregnated by dif-
tinft fpirits, how Ihould they club their particular
informatjons into a common idea >

Cillier on Thought,

Cluehea'ded. adj. [dub and head.]
Having a thick head.

Small cluhhcaded antcrinse. Derhew..

Clubla'w. n.f. [cltibs.r\Alniv.] Regula-
tion by force ; the law of .irms.

The enemies of our happy eftablilhment feem t»
have recourfe to the laudable method of cluhlatu,
when they find all other means for enforcing tlie
abfurdity of their opinions to be inelfcftual.

Mdifon'i Freeholder t
Clu'broom. ». / [club and room.] Tho
room in which a club or company af,
fembles.

"Thele ladies refolvcd to give the pifiures of
their deceafed hulbandt to the clubrcom.

Addifon'i Speffator.
ToCLtJcK. 'V.n. [cloccian, WeKh; clochat,
Armorick ; cloccan,Sax. ; klocken, Dut.]
To call chickens, as a hen.

She, poor hen, fond of no fecond brood.
Has cluch'd thee to the wars. Sbakefp. Coriolanus.
Ducklings, though hatched by a hen, if (he
brings them to a river, in they go, though the
hen clucks and calls to keep them out.

Ray on the Creaior.
Clump, n.f. [formed from /;/«/.]

1. A niapelefs piece of wood, or other
matter, nearly equal in its diraenfioni.

2. A duller of trees ; a tuft of trees or
ihrubs ; anciently a plump.

Clv M y s. n.j. A numbfcull. Skinner.

Ci,u'msily. adv. [from cliim(y.] Awk-
wardly ; without readineft ; without nira-
blenefs ; without grace.
He walks very clumjily and ridiculoudy.
_ -Ray on the Creation,

This lofty humour is clutnfly and inartificially
managed, when affected. Collier on Pride,

Clu'msiness. «./ [from clumfy.] Awk-~
wardnefs ; ungainlinefs ; want of rcadi-
nefs, nimblencfs, or dexterity.

The drudging part of life is chiefly owing t«
clumjinejs and i-norance, which either wants prop«r
tools, or (kill to ufc them. Collier on Farr.e.

CLU'MSY. adj. [This word, omitted in
the other etymologifts, is rightly derived
by Bailey from lompjch, Dutch, ftupid.
In Englifh, lump, dump, lumpijh, cLimp-
ijh, dimpijhh, clumjily, dumjy.] Awk-
ward ; heavy ; artlefs ; unhandy ; with-
out dexterity, readinefs, or grace. It i»
ufed either of peribns, or aftions, or
things.

The matter duftile and fequacious, apt to be

moulded into fuch (hapes and machines, even by

clamjy lingers. jj^^,.

But thou in clumfy verfe* unlick'd, unpointed.

Haftltamefullydefy-d. Dryden,

That clumjy outfide of a porter,

How could it thus conceal a courtier ? Siuift.

Clung. The preterite and participle of

ding.
Clung, adj. [clun25u, Sax.] Wjiftedwith

leanncfs ; ftjrunk up with cold.

Uu 79

C L U

TVCtuMft. v.n. [clinjan. Sax.] To dry
as wood does, when it is laid up after
it is cut." See To Clinc.

CLU'STER. »./. [dyrrep. Sax. klijier,
Dutch.]

I . A bunch ; a number of things of the
fame kind growing or joined together.

Grapes will continue frelh and moid M winter,
if you hang them clujltr by clufter in the roof of a
warm room. Bacon.

A fwelling knot is raisM ;
Wience, in fljort fpace, itfclf t!>e clujler (hows,
Anil from earth's moiilure, mixtwith fun-beams,

grows.

Dtnbam,

The faline corpufcles of one liquor do varioufly
aft upon the tinging corpufclca of another, fo as to
make many of thera afibciate latoaclufier, whereby
two Ui.ifparen: liquors may conipole a coloured
one. Ncwttu.

An elm was near, to whofe embraces led,
The curling vine her fwelling cluften fpread. Popi.

2. A number of animals gathered toge-
ther.

As bees
Po«r forth their populous youth about the hive
In clujltn. Milicn's faradije LcJI.

Therewith their dafping feet together clung,
And a long chfiir horn the laurel hung. Drydcn.

3. A body of people collefted : ufed in
contempt.

We lov'd him ; but like bea.ls,
And coward nobles, gave way to your clujitrs.
Who did hoot him out o' th' city. Sbaktjpeari.
■ My friend teok his ftation among a clujltr o{
mob, who were making tbe'mfelves merry with
their betters. Mdifin.

T« Clu'ster. f. n. [from the noun.]
To grow in bunches ; to gather into
bunches ; to congregate.

Forth f. -.iih'd thick the c!iJ}mKgy\ae. Mi/uit.

Great father Bacchus, to my fong repair ;
For clujlcrir.g grapes are thy peculiar caie. Drydcn.

Or from the foreft falls the clujiir'd fnow,
Myriads of gems. Tbamfin's ffintcr.

Ttf Clu'ster. -v. a. TocoUeft any thing
into bodies.

Cluster crape. »./. [from clu/er And
grape."]

The fmall black grape is by fome called the
currant, or tlujiergraft ; which 1 reckon the for-
warded of the black fort. Mcrlimcr's Uujhandry.

Clu'stery. adj. [fxom clufter. 1 Growing

in clufters.
To CLUTCH. V. a. [of uncertain etymo-

lagy. ]

1. To hold in the hand ; to gripe ; to

grafp.

Is this a dagger I fee before me.
The handle tow'rd my hand ? Come, Ictmer/u/ri

thee. . Sheiefftare.

They,
Like moles within us, heave and call about j
And, till they foot and chub their prey.
They never cool. Herbert,

2. To comprize ; to grafp.

A man may fet the poles together in his head,

and clutch the whole globe at one intcUeftual gtafp.

Collitr on Thought,

3. Tocontraft ; to double the hand, fo as
to feize and hold faft.

Net that I have the power to cktcb my hand,
When hSs fair angels would falute my palm.

Shairjptare^s King yohn,

Ch;tch. »./ [from the verb.]

I. The gripe ; grafp; feizure.

a. Generally, in the plural, the paws, the

talons.
It was the hard fortune of a cock to fall into

tb« (iuubti lil a cat. L'Rfinmge,

C O A

3. Hands, in a fcnfe of rapacity and
cruelty.

Your greedy flav'ring to devour,
Before 'twas in your clutches pow'r. Jludibrts,

Set up the covenant on crutches,
'Gainft thofe wlio have us in their clutcbn, Uudih,

1 muft have great leifure, and little care of my-
felf, if I ever more come near the clutches of fufh a
giant. Stilling jifct,

CLU'TTER. n,f, [See Clatter.] A
noife ; a buftle ; a bufy tumult ; a hur-
ry ; a clamour. A low word.

He faw what a clutter there was with huge,
over- grown pots, pans, and fpits. L'EJk-ange.

The fav'rite child, that jull begins to prattle,
Is very humourfomc, and makes great clutter,
Till he has windows on his bread and butter. King.
Prithee, Tim, why all this clatter ?

Why ever in>thefe raging fits ? Stvifi.

To Clu'tter. 'v,v, [from the noun.] To

make a noifc, or buftle.
Cly'ster. »./ [x^l'^V] An injeftion

into the anus.

If nature relieves by a diarrhoea, without finking
the ftrength of the patient, it is not to be ftopt,
but promoted gently by emollient clyjlers, Arhuth.

To COACE'RVATE. a». a, [coacewo,
Latin.] To heap up together.

The collocation of the fpirits in bodies, whe-
ther the fpirits be coaceniate or diftufed.

Bacon's Natural Hifiory,

Coacerva'tion. »./. [from coacer'vate.']
The aft of heaping, or ftate of being
heaped, together.

The fixing of it is the equal fpreading of the
tangible parts, and the clofe ct,accrvation of them.
Bacon's Natural Hiftcry,

COACH ». / [coche, Fr. kotczy, among
the Hungarians, by whom this vehicle
is faid to have been invented. Minfreiu,']
A carriage of pleafure, or ftate, diftin-
guifticd from a chariot by having feats
fronting each other.

Bafilius attended for her in a coach, to carry
her abroad to fee fome fports. Sidney.

A better would you fix ?
Then give humility a coach and fix. Pope,

Suppofe that laft week my coach was within
an inch of overturning in a fmooth even way,
and drawn by very gentle horfes. Sv'ifl.

,To Coach, f. a. [from the noun.] To
carry in a coach.

The needy poet flicks to all he meet!,
Coacb'J, carted, trod upon ; nowr loofc, now faft.
And carry 'd oft' in fome dog's tail at lad. Pope.

CoACH-BOX. n, /, [coetch Btni iox.J The
feat on which the driver of the coach
fits.

Her father had two coachmen : when one was
in the ccachhx, if the coach fwung but the lead
to one fide, flie ufed to fliriek.

Artuthnoi's HiJIory of John Bull.

CoACH-HiRE. n, /, Money p^d for the
ufe of a hired coach.

You exclaim as loud a^ thofe that pralfe.
For fcraps and coach-hire, a young noble's plays.

Drydcn,
My expcnces ia aacb-hire make no fmall ar-
ticle. Spc^ator,

Coach-house, n. / {^ccach and hon/e,']
The houfe in which the coach is kept
from the weather.
Let him lie in the ftable or the ctacb-btufe.

Siuift.
Coach-maker. »./. [coaci zad mahr.]
The artificer whofe trade is to make
coaches.

C O A

Her chariot is an empty haicl-nut, *

Made by the joyner Squirrel, or old Grub,
Time out of mind the furit% eoacbmaiert, Siaim

Take care of your wheels : get a new fet
bought, and probably the ctacb-ttiakerv'sU conCdcr
you. Swift,

Coach-man. «./ [<-o<jfA and »»«».] The
driver of a coach.

Thy nags, the leaned things alive.
So very hard thou lov'd to drive ;
I heard thy anxious coachman fay.
It cod thee more in whips than hay. Pri'.r,
She commanded her trembling coachman to drive
her chariot near the body of her king. South,

To COA'CT. T. «. [from con and eia.\
To aft together ; to aft in concert. Not
ufed.

But if I tell how thefe two did coaB,
Shall I not lye in publilhing a truth ? Siaiefp»

Coa'ction. «. /. [coa^ut, Lat.] Com-
pulfion ; force, either reftraining or im-
pelling.

It had the paflions in perfefl fubjeftion ; and
though its command over them was perfuafive
and political, yet it had the force of coafiion, and
dcfpotical. South'

Cofi'cTivE, ac/J, [from «<j<5.]

1. Having the force of reftraining or im-
pelling ; compulfory ; reftriftlve.

The Levitical priefts, in the old law, never arro-
gated unto themfelvcs any temporal or coaflive
power. Raleigh,

2, Afting in concurrence. Obfolete.

Imagination,

With what's unreal thou ccaUivc art. Shahcfp,
Coadju'ment. n./, [from «« and adju-

mtntum, Lat.] Mutual afliftance. Dla.
Coadju'tant. n.f. [from con MiAeidjulo,

Lat.] Helping; operating.

Thracius coaJjutant, ajid the roar
Of fierce Euroclydon. Philips,

Coadju'tor. n.f. [from con andadjutor,

Lat.]
I . A fellow-helper ; an affiftant ; an aflb-
ciate ; one engaged in the afCftance of
another.

I Ihould not fuccced in a projeft, whereof I have

had no hint from my predeccflbrs the poats, or

their feconds or coadjutors the criticks. Dryden*

Away the friendly coadjutor flies. Garth's Difp,

A gownman of a different make.
Whom Pallas, once Vaneda's tutor.
Had fix'd on for her coadjutor. Swift,

z, [In the canon law.] One who is im-
powered or appointed to perform the
duties of another.

A bifhop that is unprofitable to his dlocefe ought
to be dcpofed and no coadjutor afligncd him. jiyi,

CoADju'vAHCY. n. f, [from con and ad-,
ju-vo, Lat.] Help ; concurrent help ;
contribution of help ; co-operation.

Crydal is a mineral b^dy, in the difference of
done?, made of a lentous percolation of earth,
drawn from the modpureand limpid juice thereof;
owing to the coldncfs of the earth fome concurrem-e
and coadjuvancy, but not immediate determination
and efficiency. Brown's Vu'gar Errnrs.

Coaduni'tion. «. / [from con, ad,
unitio, Lat.] The conjunftion of diffe-
rent fubftances into one mafs.

Bodies fcem to have an intiinfick principle' of,
or corruption from, the craduniticn of particles
endued with contrary qualities.

llalc's Origin rf Mankind,

To COAGME'NT. v, a. [from cen and
agmcn, Lat.] To congregate or heap
together. I have only found the parti-
ciple in ufe.

HaJ

C O A

C O A

C O A

Had the world been ceagmevtcd from that fup-
pofcJ fortuitous jumble, this hypothefis had been
tolerable, Gl.m'vuk,

Coagmenta'tion. n./. [from co^gment.]
Colleftion, or coacervation, into one
nrafs ; union; «njunflion.

The third part rcils in the well joining, ce-
menting, and ieagmeviathn of words, when it is
fmioth, gentle, and fweet. BmjQr.Un.

Coa'gulable. adj. [from coagulate.']
That whicli is capable of concretion.

Stones that are ricii in vitriol, beiag often
drenched with rain-watei, tlie liquor will then ex-
traft a 6ae and traalrarent fub:Unce, coagulahh
into vitriol. Boyle.

To COA'GULATE. 'v. a. \_coagulo, Lat.]
To force into concretions ; as, by the
afFufion of feme other fubftance, to turn
milk.

Roafted in wrath and fire,
■ And thns o'erfiied with ccegulatt gore.- Shaitff.
Vivification ever ccnfifteth in fpirits attenuate,
which the cold doth congeal and ccaguhtt,

Bacon^s Ntiiurjl Iiy^try.

Bitumen is foand in lumps, or coaguUftit maOirs,

in fome fprings. fFccJwerd'i /Vetura/ Hijicry.

The millc in tlie ilomach of calves, whuh is

coagylatcd by the runner, is again diO'wlved and

tendered fluid' by the gall in the duodenum.

ylrbuthmt.

To Coa'gulate. 'V. n. To run into con-
cretions, or congelations.

Spirit of wine commixed with millc, a third
part fpirit of wine, and two parts milk, caaguUltlh
little, but mingleth ; and the fpirit fwims not above.

Bucttn,
About the third part of the oil olive, which was
driven over into the receiver, did tliere coagulutc
into a whitiflj body, almoll like butter. Boyle,
Coagula'tion. n.f. [from coagulate.]
1 . Concretion ; congelation ; the ad of
coagulating ; the ftate of being coagu-
lated.
z. The body formed by coagulation.

As tile fubftance of ccaguhiions is not merely
fatine, nothing dinblves them but what penetratci
and relaxes at the fame time. jirttilhnot.

Coa'gul ATIVE. aJj. [from congulate.]
That which has the power of caufing
concretion, or coagulation.

To manifeft the caagulative power, we haTC
fometimes in a minute arrefled the fluidity of new-
milk, and turned it into a curdled fubftance, only
by dexteroufly mingling with it a few drops of good
oil of vitriol. B^le,

Coacula'tor. n. f. [from coagulate.]
That which caufes coagulation.

Ccagulatirs of the humours, are thofe things
which expel the mnft fluid parts, as in the cafe of
incraflating, or thickening ; and by thofe things
which fuck up fome of the fluid parts, as abforb-
*""• Arhuthmt.

COAL. n. f. [col. Sax. kol. Germ. koU,

Dut. kul, Danilh.]
t . The common foliile fewel.

C<M/is a black, fulphurous, inflammatory matter,
dug out of the earth, ferving for fcArel, common
in Europe, though the Englilh coal is of raoft
repute. One fpecic» of pit-cnal is called camil,
or eatKle coal, which is found in the northern
ountics ; hard, gbfly, and light, apt to cleave
into thin flake*, and, when kindled, yields a con-
tinual blaze till it be burnt out. Ciamten.
Cm.'j are folid, dry, opjiic, InRammabfc fub-
ftanccs, found in large ftijta, Iplitting horizontally
more ealilj than in any other diredlion ; of aglofly
hue, foft and friable', not fufible, but eafily in-
flammable, and kaving a large refiduum of affics.

HilUn Fojil,.
But age, enforc'd, falls by her own confent ; ■,
A« iciti to allies, when the fpijit's ijient, Dcnham.

We iTiall meet with the fame mineral lodged in
ecali, that elfewhere we frund in marie,

fi'oodiuaril^i Natui'iil Il'^try,

'2, The cinder of fcorched wood j charcoal.

Whatfoever doth I'o alter a body, as it rcturneth
net again to tliat it was, mny be called alteratio
m.ijor ; as when cheefe is made ef curd;, or coijls
of wood, or bricks of earth. Baccn.

3. Fire ; any thing inflamed or ignited.

You are no furer, no.
Than is the cojl of fire upon the ic*
Or hailftoncs in the fun. Shaiefpeare.

You have blown this ccal betwixt ray lord and
me. Shakifpeare.

The rage of jealoufy then fir'd his foul,
And his face kindled like a burning co<i/. Drydtn.

To Coal. ki. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To burn wood to charcoal.

Add the tinner's care and coft in buying the wood
for this fcrvicc ; felling, fr-ming, and piling it to
be burnt j in tistching the fame, when it is coaled,
through fuch far, foul, and cumberfome ways.

Carenu^s Survey of Ccrnivail .

Charcoal of roots, coaled ipto great pieces, lafts
longer than ordinary charcoal. Bacon.

2. To delineate with a coal.
Maivailing, he coaled oui rhimes upon the wall,

■ear to the pi^ure. Camden.

CoAL-VLACK. ac/j. [coal znA Hack.] Black
in the higheft degree ; of the colour of
a coal.

As burning /Etna, from his boiling ftew.
Doth belch out flames, and rocks in pieces broke.

And ragged ribs of mountains molten new,
Enwrapt in coal-ilaik clouds and filthy fmoke.

Fairy ^jeert.

Ethiopians and n^rocs become co.il-bIack from

fuliginous cfflorefccncies, and complexional tinc-

turci. ^ Bniun.

Coal-black his colour, but like jet it flione;
His legs and flowing tail were white alone. Drydev.

CoAL-Box. »./. [coal and iox.] A box to
carry coals to the fire.

Leave a pail of dirty water, a ctal-iac, a bottle,

a broom, and fuch otlicr unfightly things. Svuift.

CoA t-pisH.».y. [a/elluj niger.] A fpecies

of beardlefs-gadiis. ' ' '
Coal-mine. ti. /. [coal and miKe.] A
mine in which coals are dug; a coal-
pit.
Springs injure land, that flow from coal-mine!.

Mortimer.

Coal-pit. »./ [from <roa/ and ///.] A
pit made in the ear-th, generally to a
great depth, for digging coals.

A leaf of the polypody kind, found in the {ink-
ing of a coalpit. fVocdicard.

Coal-stone. ». /. [coal zni Jf one.] A
fort of cannel coal. See Coal.

Co:>l-J>one flames eafily, and burns freeiy; but
holds and endures the fire much longer than coal.

Wood'ward.
CoAL-woRK. n. f. [coal and ix'ark.] A
coalery ; a place where coals are found.

There is a vaft treafurc in the old Englifh, from
whence authors may draw conrtant fupplies j as our
officers make their furcft remits from the coal-m:rki
and the mines. Feltcv.

Co'ALERy. n. /. [from coal.] A place
where coals are dug.

Two fine ftala£lits were found hanging from a
black ftunc, at a defcrtcd vault in Benvi ell cowry.

lVv'.ihj:ard.

To COALE'SCE. -v. n. [coakfco, Latin.]
I. To unite in mafles by a fpontaneous
approximation to each other.

When vapours arc railed, th'^y hinder not the
tranfparency of the air, being divided into parts
too fmall to caufe any reflection in their fuperficies;
but whe« thc|r begin to atltfce, aa4 conHitute

globules, thofe globules become of a conveu'ejif

fizc to reflcift fome colours, Acivton.

2. To grow together; to join.
Coale'scence. n./ [from coale/ct:.] The

ad of coalefcing ; concretion j union.
Coali'tion. ft./, [from coale/co, coalittm,

Latin.] Union in one mafs or body ;

conjundion of feparatc parts in one

whole.

The world 's a mafs of hctcrngeneous confiften-
clcs, and every part thereof a coalitior. of dlftin-
guilhable varieties. GlavviUe.

In the fi:ft coalition of a people, their profpeft ia
not great : they provide laws for their prefem ctl-
e^ncc, //j/..

'Tis necelTary that thefe fquandered atoms
fliould convene and unite into great mafles: witli-
out fuch a coalition the chaos muft have reigned to
all etcinlty, Beniley.

Co'aly. adj. [from ccal.] Containing

coal.
Or coaly Tine, or ancient hallow'd Dee. Milton.
Coapta'tion. .•:. f. [from con and aftc,

Lat.] The adjullnicnt of parts to each

other.

In a clock, the hand is moved upon the dial,
the beil is ftruck, and the other aftlons belonging
to the engine are performed, by virtue of the iizc,
(hape, bignefs, and tM^.c(w/j of the feveral parts.

Boyle.

The fame method makes both profe and verfe
beautiful, which confifts in the judicious «fl/'f«(;o»
and ranging of the words. Broome.

To COA'RCT. I -v. a. [coar3o. La-

To COA'RCT ATE. | tin.]

1 . To ftraiten ; to confine into a narrow
compafs.

The wind finding the room in thS form of a
trunk, and coarliatid therein, forced the ftones of
the window, like pellets, clean through it. Bacon,

2. To contrad power ; to reftrain.

If a man coarcit himldf to the extremity of

an 3&, he mi;ft blame and Inipute it to himfelf,

' that he has thus coarflcd or ftraitened himfelf (a

far. yiylife.

Coarcta'tion. tt./. [from coar^.]

1. Confinement ; rellraint to a narrow
fpace.

The greateft winds, if they. have no coardation,
or blow not h )ilow, give an interiour found. Bacon*

2. Contradion of any fpace.

Straiten the artery never fo much, provided
the fides of it do not meet, the vtlfel will continue
to beat, below or beyond the coarSalion, Raj,

3. Reftraint of liberty,

Eleilion is oppofed not only to coailion, but
alii) to coarSiation, or determination to one.

Biai!tl;aIU
COARSE, adj.

1 . Not refined ; not feparated from impu-
rities or bafer parts.

I feel
Of what coarfe metal ye are molded. Shakefpeare.

2. Not foft or fine : ufed of cloth, ofwhidx
the threads are large,

3. Rude; uncivil; rough of manners.

4. Grofs ; not delicate.

'Tis not the coarfer tye of human iaw
That binds their peace. Tbomfon,

5. Inelegant ; rude ; unpolifhed.

I'raif: of Virgil is agalnit myfelf, for prefuming
to copy, in my coarfe EngUih, his beautiful ex-
prcflions, Dryden,

0, Not nicely expert ; unfinished by art
or education,

Praftical rules may bcufefultofuch as arc remote

from advice, and to rMr/< praflitiontrs, which tiny

ar; obliged to iq^Ic' "^ "f- jlrbuthiut.

U u z 7, Mean';

C O A

7. Mean 5 not nice ; not ekgant ; vile.

Ill conforty and * ccarfe pcrluincy
Difgracc the delicacy of a fcalt. Jiofiomimn.

A aarjt ani ufcleis dunghill weed,
Fix'd to one fpot, to rot ju(t as it grows. Oiicjy.

From this coarft mixture of terrcllrial parts,
Dcfire and fear by turns poflcfs their hearts. Vryd.
Co'arsely. aJ'v. [from coar/i.'\
1.. Without finenefs ; without refinement.

2. Meanly ; not elegantly.

John cnme neither eating nor drinlcing, but
^>cd cMrJely and poorly, according Co the ;ipparei
he wore. " Brvwn.

3. Rudely ; not civilly.

The good cannot be too much hoiioured, oor the
bad too cearftly ufed. Drydcn.

4. Inelegantly.

Be plcifed to accept the rudiments of Virgil's
poetry, aarjttj tranflatcd, but which yet reuins
fome beauties of tlie author. Drydcn.

Co'arseness. n. f. [from coarfe.'\

1. Impurity; unrefined Hate.

Firlt know the materials whereof the glafs is
made ; then confider what th; reafon is of the
coarjeMft or dcdtncfs. Bset-n's Ejjdys.

2. Rougbnefs ; want of finenefs.
}. Groflhefs ; want of delicacy.

Friends (pardon thecM«/.ntyi of the illuftratian)
as dogs in couples, (UctuM be uf the daie {itt,

L Ljirangr.

4. Roughnefs ; rudenefs of manners.

A bafe wild olive he remains \
The (hrub the ccarfrvrfi of the clown retains. Garth.

5. Meannefs ; want of nicety.

Confider the penurioufnel's of the Hollanders,
the aarjeniji of their food and raiment, and their
little indulgences of pleafure. ylJJiftn on tki IVar.

COAST, n.f. {cop, Fr. cejla, Latin.]

1. The edge or margin of the land next
the fea ; the (hore. It is not ufed for
the banks of lefs waters.

He fees in Englifli ihips the Holland coaji. DryH.

2. It feems to be taken by Ne^tcn for
fide, like the French cojie. It was like-
wife fo ufed by Bacon.

The fouth-eaft is found to be bettor for ripening
of trees thin the fouth-weft; though the fouth-
wcll be the hottcft coaJi. Baccit.

Some kind of virtue, lodged in fome fides of
the cryllal, inclines and ben.ls the rays towards the
Mjy?,ofunurualrcfra6lion J otlicrwife the rays would
not be refra^ed trvwards thit fOtiy? rather than any
otherrc^, both at their incidence and at theiremcr-
gence, fo as to emerge by a contrary ficuation of
the CM/f. Nfwtia'i Optich,

3. Tie Coast is clear, [a proverbial ex-
preffion.] The danger is over ; the ene-
mies have marched off.

Going out, «nd feeing that tbe eoafi vat clear f,
Zelraane difmiffed Mufidonis. SiJniyr

The royal fpy, when now tht coaft -was dear,
Sought not the garden, butretir'd unfeen. Drydtn.

Tb Coast, -v. n. [from the noun.] To fail
dofe by the coaft ; to fail within fight
of land.

But fteer my ve(Tel with a Iteady hand.
And coafi along the Oiore in fight of land.

Drydai's f^irgH.

The ancients euijitd only in their navigation,

feldom taking the upe n Itia. jirhuihiM en Oiiri.

^» Coast, v. a. To fail by j to fail
near to.

Nearchus, tbeadmiral of Alexander, not knaw-
isg the comf ;;f3, was fain to ttaji chM ftiore.

Srvuia'i fidlgar Brmrs.

The grcatcfl enter! linment we found in aa/ling

tt, were (be li.verjl profpc^s o( wood^, vineyards,

WCaJowi, tai C9i»-ficld< wbicb lie on tbe borders,

ti >t* , J4d^n tn Italy

COB

Co'aster. «. /. [from coaft."] He that
fails timoroufly near the ihore.

In our fmall IkifFwe mud nut launch too far;
We here but coajiin, not difco¥*rers are. Dryden.

COAT. «./. [ceite^ Fr. cotta, Italian.]

1. The upper garment.

He was armed with a ceai of mall, and the
weight of the coat was five ihoufand Hiekils of
brafs. I Samuti.

The coal of many colours they brought to their
father, and fatd, this have we found : know now
whether it be thy fon's con.' or no. Gtrefis.

2. Petticoat ; the habit of a boy in his
infancy ; the lower part of a woman's
drefs.

A friend's younger Ton, a child in coati, was
nor cafily brought to his book. Lccke.

3. The habit or vefture, as demonftrative
of the ofiice.

For his intermeddling with arms, he is the more
excufeable, becaufe many of his ccat, in thofc
times, are not only martial directors, but com-
manders. Hiwcl'i y'ccal Fcrtfi.

Mirn of his r^^rihould be minding their pray'rs,
Acd not among ladies, to give themfelves airs.

Stvifi.

4. The hair or fur of a beaft ; the covering
of any animal.

He clad
Their nakednefs with (kins of hearts ; or llain.
Or, as the fnake, with youthful cmt repaid;
And thought not much to clothe hit enemies.

Miltsn.
Give your horfe fome powder of brimrtone in
his oats, and it will make his ccat lie fine.

Mort'imer'i Hujbavdry.
You have given us milk
In lufcious Areams, and lent us your own coat
Againft the v^-inter's cold. Thumfin'i Sfrhg.

5. Any tegument, tunick, or covering.

Tbe eye is defended with four ccats or Ikms.

Peacham.
The optick nerves have their medullary parts
terminating in the brain, their teguments termi-
nating in the coats of the eye.

Dcrham^i PkyJico-7heckgy,

Amber is a nodule, inveflcd with a coat, called

rock-amber. ffoiJivard on Fcjfih.

6. That on which the enfigns armorial are
portrayed.

The herald of love's mighty king,
In whofc coat armour richly are difplay'd
All forts of flowers the which on earth do fpring.

Spcnjcr.
Cropp'd are tbe flower-de-luces in your arms ;
Of England's coat one half is cut away.

Sbahtffiares Uinry VI.
At each trumpet was a banner boimd.
Which, waving in the wind, difplay'd at large
Their mailer's coat of arms and knightly charge.

Drydci:.

To Coat. <z/. a. [from the noun.] To
cover ; to invert ; to overfpread : as, to
coat a retort ; 10 coat a ceiling.

To COAX. 'V. a. To wheedle ; to flatter ;
to humour. A low word.

The nurfe had changed her note ; ihe was muz-
zling and coaxing the child ; that 's a good dear,
fays flic. L'EjIrangf.

I »ii.r .' I wheedle I I'm above it.

Farqubar's Recruiting Officer.

Co'axer.;/./ [from the verb.] A whecd-
ler ; a flatterer.

Cob. A word often ufed in the compo-
fition of low terms ; corrupted from cop.
Sax. iojif. Germ, the head or top.

Cob. n./.

I. A fort of fca-fowl ; called alfo^«-c«^.

rkiiiip.

COB

2. In fome provinces, and probably in old

language, a fpider ; whence cobtuch.
Co'balt. n. /, A marcafite frequent in
Saxony.

Ceittit is plentifully impregnated with arfenick;
contains copper and fome filvcr. Being fublimed,
the flores are of a blue colour : thefc, German mi>
neralifts call zaflir. H^codtvard.

Cobalt is a denfe, compa^, and ponoerous mi-
neral, very brijjht and Ihining, and much refem-
bling fome of the antimnnisl ores. It is found in
Germany, Saxony, Bohemia, and England ; but
ours is a poor kind. From cobalt arc produced the
three forts uf arfenick, white, yellow, and red ; aa
alfo z>n\e and fmalc. Hill on FMu

To CO'BBLE. 1/. a. [toiler, Danilh.]

1 . To mend any thing coarfely : ufed ge-
nerally of ihoes.

If you be out. Sir, I can mend you. — Why, -Sir,
cobble you. Stakefpcare^s ^vlijn C^/ar,

They'll fit by th' fire, and prefume to know
What's done i' th' capitol ; making parties ftrong,
And feeble fuch as ftand not in their liking
Below their cobbled fhoes. Shakejpeare^ s Coriolanj,

Many underlaycrs, when they could not live
upon their trade, have railed themfelves from cti-
bling to fluxing. L'EJIrange.

2. To do or make any thing clumfily, or
unhandily.

Rejeft the naufeous praifes of the times;
Give thy bafe poets back tiicir cobbled rhimes.

Drydent

Believe not that the whole univerfe is mere

bungling and blundering, nothing efle^led for any

purpol'e ordefign, but all ill-favouredly cobbled ind

jumbled together. Benfley.

Co'bbler. n.f. [from coiilt.']

1. A mender of old ftioes.

Not many years ago it happened that a cobilep
had the calling vote for the life of a criminal.

Addijon on Italy*

2. A dumfy workman in general.

What trade are you?**
Truly, Sir, in refpeA of a flne workman, I an
but, as you would fay, a cobbler.

Sbaiejfeare'i yuTius Citfar.

3 . In a kind of proverbial fenfe, any mean
perfon.

Think you the great prerogative t' enjoy
Of doing ill, by virtue of that race ?
As if what we efteem in ccbblen bafe
Would the high family of Brutus grace.

Drydtn's Juvenal.
Co'birons. n.f. [cob and iron.] Irons
with a knob at the upper end.

The implements of the kitchen ; as fpits, ranges,
c^irons, and pots. Bacon' t Phyfical Remains.

CoBi'tHOP. «./ [con And hijhof.] A coad-
jutant biihop.

Valerius, advanced in years, and a Grecian by
birth, not qualified to prcLiuh in the Latin tongue,
made ufe of Auftin as a cobijhof, for the benefit of
the chuich of Hippo. jiyliffe.

Co'bnut. n.f. [cob and «»/.] A boy's

game ; the conquering nut.
Co'bswan. n.f. [cob, head, and /w««.l
The head or leading fwan.

J am nut taken
With a cohftvan, or a high-mounting bull.
As foolilh Lcda and £uropa were.

Ber. Jfnfin's Catilire.
Co'bweb. n.f. [kofiucb, Dutch.]
I . The web or net of a fpider : from ceb,
a fpider.

The lucklefs Clarion,
With violent fwift flight, tuith carried
Into th,e cuifcd cciivci^ .vliich his foe
Had framed for his fiaal overthrow. Sfenfer.

Is fupper ready, the houfe trimmed, ruflies
ftrtwcd, and cobwebs fwipt ?

Staie/feart't Taming cftie Shrew.
\ Tb«

c o c

c o c

CO c

The fpider, in the h^ufe of a burgher, fell pre-
fencly to her network of drawing cobivdiis up and
down. L'EJIrange.

Z, Any fnare, or trap : implying infi-
dioufneis and weaknefs.

For he a rope of d ! could twift
As tough as learned Sorbonift ;
And weave fine cobvjtbs fit for fcuil
That^s empty when the moon is full. ffud:bras.

Chronology at belt is but a cobwtb law, ano he
broke through it with his weight. Drydn.

Laws are liite (chiuebs, which may catch Imali
flieSy but let wafps and hornets break through.

Swift.

Co'coA. It./. See Cacao.
Cocci'ferous. adj. [from xoxxo?, and
/ero, Lat.] All plants or trees are fo

called that have berries. ^incy.

Co'c H I N E A L . K. /. \_cochittilUt, Span, a

woodloufe.j

Ao inlecV gathered upon the opuntia, and dried ;
from which a beautiful red colour is extracted.

Hill.
Co'cHLEARY. adj. [itota ccchUa, hax. a
fctew.] Screwform ; in the form of a
fcrew.

That at St. Dennis, near Paris, hath wreatliy
fpircs, and cocbUary turnings about it, which
agrreth with the defcriptk)n of the unicorn's horn
in ^lian. Smuns Vulgar Erroun,

Co'cHLEATED. adj. [from cochlea, Lat.]
Of a fcrewed or turbinated form.

Two pieces of ftone, flruclc forth of the cavity of
the umbilici of Ihells, of the fame fort with the
foregoing : they are of a ctchlaittd figure.

WoQdiuard an FoJJiU.

COCK. n.f. [cocc, Saxon ; coq, French.]
•1. The male to the hen ; a domeftick fowl,
remarkable for his gallantry, pride, and
courage.

Coch have great combs and fpurs ; hens, little
or none. Bacon'i Natural Hijiory.

True cMki o* th' game.
That never a(k for what, or whom, they fight i
But turn 'em out, and (hew 'em but a foe,
Cry liberty, and that 's a caufe of quarrel. Drjd.

The careful hen
Calls all her chirping family around,
Fed and defended by the fcarlefs mck.

1 banfun^ I Sfr'wg,

2. The male of any fmall birds.

Calves and philofophers, tygers and ftatefmen,
CHk fparrows and coquets, exiStU refemble one
another in the formation of the piiieat gland.

Arbutbnot and Pope.

3. The weathercock, that (hews the di-
reftion qf the wind by turning.

You catarafls and hurricanoes, fpout
Till you have drench'd our fteeples, drown'd the
«f*» .' Sbakcffeare.

4. A Ijpout to let out water at will, by
turning the ftop : the handle had proba-
bly a «f4 on the top. Things that were
contrived to turn, feera anciently to have
had that form, whatever was the reafon.

When every room
Hath blfu'dwi; blights, and bray'd with minftrelfj,
I have retlr'd me to a wafteful ceck,
And fet mine eyes at flow, Sbaktfteart.

It were good there were a- little eoek made in the
belly of the upper glafs. Bacon's Natural WJInry.
Thu» the fmall jc-tt, which hafty handi unlock,
Spirts in the gaid'ner's eyes who turns the tor*.

Pope.

5. The notch of an arrow.

6. The part of the lock of a gun that
ftrikes with the flint, [from cocca, Ita).
the notch of an arrow. Siinner. Perhaps
from the adlion, like that of a cock

pecking ; but it was, I think, fo called
when it had not its prefent form.]

With hafty rage he fnatch'd
His gunfcot, that in holftcrs watch'd ;
And bending cock, he levell'd full
Aga-nft th' outfide of Talgol's (kull. Hudibras.

A feven-fliot gun carries powder and bullets for
feven charges and difcharges. Uhder the breech
of the barrel is one box for the powder; a little
bffore the lock another for the bullets ; behind
the cock a charger, which carries the powder from
rtie box to a funnel at the further end of the lock.

Grcvf.

7. A conqueror ; a leader ; a governing
man.

Sir Andrew is the cock of the club fince he left
us. AddiJ'on.

My fchooimifter call'd me a dunce and a fool ;
But at cuffs 1 was always the cock of the fchool.

Siuift.

8. Cockcrowing ; a note of the time in a
morning.

We were caroufing till the fccond c«*. Sbakeff.
Hfe begins at curfew, and goes till the firft cock.

Sbakeffeare,

9. A cockboat ; a fmall boat.

They take a view of all fizcd cocks, barges, and
fiiherboats hovering on the cuaft.

Carcvj's Survey of Cornwall.

The fifliermen, that walk upon the beach.
Appear like mice ; and yond tall anchoring bark,
Diminilh'd to her cock ; her cock, a buoy,
Almoft too fmall for fight. Shakefpearc.

10. A fmall heap of hay. [Properly ro/.]

As foon as the dew is oft' the ground, fpread the
hay again, and turn it, that it may wither on the
other fide : then handle it, and, if you find it dry,
make it up into cocks, M-^rtimcr.

11. The form of a hat. [from the comb
of the cock.]

You fee many a fmart rhetorician turning his
hat in his hands, moulding it into feveral different
cocks. Addifor.

12. The ftyle or gnomon of a dial.

Chambers.

13. The needle of a balance.

14. Cock on the Hiiop. Triumphant; ex-
ulting.

Now I am a frilker, all men on me look ;
What (hould I do but let cock on the hoop f

Camden s Remains.
You 'II make a mutiny among my guefts !
You will fet coik a hoop ! Shakefpearc.

For Hudibras, who thought h' had won
The field, as certain as a gun.
And having routed the whole troop,
With viSory was cock a hoop, Hudibras.

To CocK. 1/. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To fet erefl ; to hold bolt upright as
a cock holds his head.

This is that mifcle which perfoms the motion
fo often mentioned by tlie Latin poeta, when thev
talk of a man's cocking his nofe, or playing the
rhi.ioceros. 'jiddifon.

Our Lightfoot barks, and cocks his ears j
O'er yonder ftile fee Lubberkin appears.

Gay's PttJIorals.
Dick would cock his nofe in fcorn.
But Tom was kind and loving. Swift,

2. To fet up the hat with an air of petu-
lance and pertnefs.

Dick, who tlius long had pafTive fat,
Here ftrok'd his chin and cock'd his hat. Prior.

An alert young fellow cockel his hat upon a friend
of his who entered. Mdifon's Spectator,

3. To mould the form of the hat.

4. To Sx the cock of a gun ready for a
difcharge.

Some of them holding up their piftols, cocked,

near the door of tlkchoufi:, which they kept open.

Drydtifl Dciualim, Mntid.

5, To raife ha^ in fmall heaps.

Sike mirth in May is meeteft for to makey
Or fummer Ihade, under the cocked hay,

Spenfer s Paflortlst

To Cock. v. n.

1 . To ftrut ; to hold up the head, and look
big, or menacing, or pert.

Sir Fopling is a fool fo nicely writ.
The ladies would miftake him for a wit;
And when he fings, talks loud, and foc>&5, would crvj
I vow, methinks, he 's pretty company. Dryden.

Every one cocks and ftruts upon it, and pretends
to overlook us. Addifons Guardian^

2. To train or ufe fighting cocks.

Cries out 'gainil cocking, fince he cannot bet.

Ben Jonfon,

Cock, in compofition, fignifies fmall or

little.
Cocka'de. w. / [from feci.] A ribband

worn in the hat.
Co'cKATRicE. n. f. [from cock, and
at:tep. Sax. a ferpent.] A ferpent fup-
pofed to rife from a cock's egg.

They will kill one another by the look, like
cockatrices. Shakcfpeart^

This was the end of this little cockatrice of a
king, that was able to deftroy thofe that did not
efpy him firft. Bacont

■This cockatrice is fooneft crufhed In the ihell ;
but, if it grows, it turns to a ferpent and a dragon,

Taylor*

My wife! 'tis fhe, the very rcfil(jrri-v / Congreve*
Co'cKBOAT. n.f. \_cock and boat.'\ A
fmall boat belonging to a Ihip.

That invincible armada, which having not fired
a cottage o{ ours at land, nor taken a cockboat oi
ours at lea, wandered through the wildernefs of the
northern feas. Bacons

Did they think it lefs difhonour to God to be
like a brute, or a plant, or a cockboat, than to be
like a man ? SiUlmgfleet.

Co'cKBROTH. n.f. Broth made by boil-
ing a cock.

Diet upon fpoon-mqats ; as veal or cockbroths

prepared with French barley. Harvey on Confumpm

CocKCRo'wiNG. n.f. \_cock and cro'w.'\

The time at which cocks crow ; the

morning.

Ye know not when the mafter of the houfc
Cometh ; at even, or at midnight, or at the cock-
crotvingy or in the morning. Matk^

To Co'cKER. 1/. a. [coqueliner, French.]
To cade ; to fondle ; to indulge.

Molt children's conftitutibus arc fpoiled by cocker-
ing and tciidernefs. ' Locke on Education.

He that will give his fon fugar plums to make

him learn, doe? but authorize his love of pleafurCy

and cocker up that propenfity which he ought to

fubdue. Locke 071 E'iuiation.

Bred a fondling and an heirefs,

Drefs'd like any Lady May'refs,

Cocker'd by the fervants round.

Was too good to touch the ground. Sioif^.

Co'cK E R. n. /. [from cock.'] One who fol-
lows the fport of cockfighting.
Co'cKEREL. n.f. [from cock^ A young
cock.

Which of them firft begins to crow ?—
The old cock .'—The cockerel. Shakefpeare.

What wilt thou be, young cockerel, when thy
fp'irs
Are grown to fharpncfs ? Drydcn.

Co'cKET. n.f. [of uncertain derivation,]

A feal belonging to the king's cuftomhoufc :
likcwife a fcroU of parchment, f'aled and delivered
by the officers of the cuitomhoufc to merchants,
as a warrant tiiat their merchandize is entered.

C'.-mII.

The gteateft profit did arifc by the cocket of

hide°. ; lor wool and woolfells were ever of little

value in this kingdom* Daniies,

Co CK-

c o c

Co'cicFicHT. n. f. \ciick and /gi.'.] A
battle or match of cocks.

In cofifghs, t» niilce one cock nmrf hardy, ind
the other mory towirdly, Uttccn't Natural Ifijlsiy*

At ih.: feafoni ot' t'ooibjU and eoitfyiting, 'h^!c
litt'e ri pjbiiclci ivaflunie tlicir national hitrcd to
e.->cl O.IUT. MJijon.

Co'cic HORSE, adj. [cock and hor/e.'\ On
horfebiick ; triumphant ; exulting.
Alma, they Areiiuoufly inatntainy
Sits cKkLirJi on her throne the brain. Prtsr,

CO'CKLE. «. / [coquille, French.]

1. A fmall tellaceous filh.

It is a ncHt or a walnut (hell. Sbaitffeari.

We may, I think, from the make of an oyrter,
or iccklf, reafonably conclude, that it has not fo
many, nor fa quick, fenfes as a man. Loctt.

Three common cockle Ihells, out of gravel pits.

2. A little or young cock. Obfolete.

They bcaren the crjg fo ftlff and fi> (late.
As ctck/e on his dunghill crowing crank.

Sfenlir't Pajlorali.

Co'cKLE-STAiRS. It. /. Winding Or fpiral
ftairs. Chambers.

Co'cKLE. n. f. [coccel, Saxon; lolium,
aix.ania, Lat.] A weed that grows in
corn, the fame with cornrofe ; a fpecies
ot' poppy.

In faothing them, we nouriih 'gainft our fcnate
The ctcUe of rebellion, infolencr, fedition. Shak.

Good feed degenerates, and oft obeys
The foils difeafc, and into cockit (Irays. Dmnt.

T'o Co'cKi. E. <r. «. [from cccik."] To
contraft into wrinkles, like the Ihell of
a cockle.
Show'rs foon drench the camblet's cecUtd grain.

Gay.
Co'cKLED. adj. [from cockle.'\ Shelled;
or perhaps cochleate, turbinated.

Love's feeling ii more foft and I'enfible
Thart are the tender horns o( cwkkj fnails. Shai.

Co'cKLOFT. n. /. [cod and /«/>.] The
room over the garret, in which fowls
are fuppcfed to roolt ; unlefs it be rather
corrupted from ccploft, the cop or top of
the houfe.

If the loweft floors already burn,
CockJofti and garrets foon will take their turn.

Dryiten^s JuvcTial.

My garrets, or rather ray cocktofti indeed, are
very ipdiflerently furnilhcd ; but they are rooms to
lay lumber in. Stvift.

Co'cKMASTER. ft./. [cocA and majfer.]
One that breeds game cocks.

A ceckmajicr bought a partridge, and turned it
among the Hghting cocks. L'EJhangi.

Co'gk MATCH, n. /. [cod and match.]
Cockfight for a priae.

At the fame time that the heads of parties
prcferve towards one another an outward (hew of
good breeding, their tools will not fo much a;
mingle at a cstkmulct. Mdifon,

Though quail-fighting is what is moft taken
notice of, they had doubtlcfs cockmatcbes alfo.

yJrbuthr.st and Pope.

Co'cKNEY. H. f. [A word of which the
• original is much controverted. The
French ufe an expreffion, pais de co-
caigne, for a country of dainties :

Paris ej} piur un riche un pais de co-
caigne. Boilenu.

Of this word -they are not able to fet-
tle the original. It appears, whatever
was it; firft ground, to be very ancient,
being mentioned inan old Normanno-
Saxon poem :

c o c

F.ir in fee by weft S{>ayng,
Is a lond yhote cocayug.
On which Dr. Hickes has this remark :

Nunc coquin, coquim : qux olim apud
Gallos, otio, gula:, et vcntri deditot,
igiiaviim, ignanjam, dejldiofum, dejsdioj'am,
Jtgnem, fignificabant. Hinc urbanos, ut-
pote i rufticis laboribus ad vjtam fcden-
tariam et defidiofam avocatos, pagani
noilri olira coiaignes, quod nunc fcribitur
cockneys, vocabant. Et poeta hie nofter
in munachos & moniale», ut fegne ge-
nus hominum qui, defidiic dediti, ventri
indulgebant, & coquina: amatores erant,
malevolentiflime invehitur ; monalleria
& monafticam vitam inde fcriptionc ter-
tx cockainece parabolicc perftringens.]

1 . A native of London, by way of con-
tempt.

So the coclr.cy did to the eel], when (he put
then i' th' party alive. Sbaktjpcare'i King Lear.

For who is fuch a cockney in liis heart.
Proud of the plenty of the fouthcrn part.
To fcc»rn that union, by which we may
Boafl 'twas his countryman that writ this play ?

Dc.rf.1.

The cockney, travelling int t the country, is fur-
prized at many common practices of rural affairs.

H^atti.

2. Any effeminate, ignorant, low, mean,
defpicable citizen.

1 am afraid this great lubbar the world will
provo a cockney. Sbakejpeare' s Tive/ftb Night.

Co'cKPiT. ft./, [cock zad pit.]

1 . The area where cocks fight.

Can this cockpit hold
The vafty fit Id of France .' Sbakefpeere.

And now have I gained the cockpit of the weftern
world, and academy of arms, for many years.

ll^tvers Focal Forefl.

2. A place on the lower deck of a man of
war, where are fubdivifions for the pur-
fer, the furgeon, and his mates. Harris.

Co'ck's-comb. n. f. [cock nxid comb.] A

plant.
Co'ck's-head. n.f. A plant, named alfo
fainfoin. Miller.

Co'cKSHUT. n. f. [from cock im& Jhut.]

The clofc of the evening, at which time

poultry go to rooil.

Surrey and himfelf.
Much about cockjhut time, from troop to troop
Went through the army. Skakefpeare.

Co'cKSPUR. u.f. [cock and ^«r.]' Vir-
ginian hawthorn. A fpecies of medlar.

Miller.

Co'cKSURE. ad'v. [from cock and fure.l
Confidently certain ; without fear or
diffidence. A word of contempt.

We (leal, as in a caftle, ccckfure. Hbake/peare.

1 thought my(e\f cockfure of h\i horfe, which he

readily promifcd me. Pope's Letter!.

Co'cKswAiN. ft./, [cojjj-paine, Saxon.]
The officer who has the command of
the cock-boat. Corruptly Coxon.

Co'cKWEED. )t. /. [from cock and lueed.]
The name of a plant, called alfo Dit-
tander, or Pepper-wort.

CocOA. n.f. [cacaotal. Span, and there-
fore more properly written cacao.]

A fpecies of palm-tree, cultivated in the Eaft
and Weft Indies. The bark of the nut is made
into cordage, and the (hell into drinking bowls.
The kernel affords them a wholefome fotd, and
the milk contained in the IhcU a coaling liquor.

COD

The lctT«s are afed for thatching their boufes, tni
arc wrought into balkets. MiiUr.

The cacao or chocolate nut is a fruit of «n ob-
long figure i is compofcd of a thin but hard and
woDdy coat or (kin, of a TiJfk blackilh colour;
and tif a dry kernel, filling up its whole cavity,
fle(hy, dry, firm, and fatti(h to the touch, of a
du(ky colour, an agreeable fraell, and a pleafant
and peculiar talie. It was unknown to us till the
difcovcry of America. The tree is of the thick-
nefs of a man's leg, and but a few feet in height;
its bark rcu^h, and full of tubercles ; and its
loaves fix or eight inches long, lulf as'much in
breadth, and pointed at the ends. The flowers
are fucceeded by the fruit, which is large and ob-
long, rcfemhling a cucumber, five, fix, or eight
inches in length, and three or four in thicknels ;
when fully ripe, of a purple colour. Within the
cavity of this fruit are lodged the cocoa nuts,
ufaally about thirty in number. Hill'i Mat. Med.

Amid* thjfe orchards of the fun.
Give me to drain the cocm's milicy bowl.
And from the palm to draw its freiheiiing wine.

Tbomfon*

Co'cTiLE. adj. [«<7;7/'/, Lat.] Made by

baking, as a brick.
Co'cTiON. n.f. [coaio, Lat.] The aft

of boiling.

The dil'eale is fometimes attended with expec-
toration from the lungs, and that is taken off by a
coffion and refolution of the feverilh matter, or ter-
minates \a fuppuratioM or a gangrene.

ylriuibnot en Dieft

???;ts„. } »•/ [1/W/'"-] Afeafilh.
COD. n. f. [cobbe, Saxon.] Any cafe
or hufk in which feeds are lodged.

Thy corn thou there may'ft fafely fow.
Where in full codt laft year rich pcafc did grow.

May,
They let pcafe lie in fmall heaps as they are
reaped, till they find the ha .vm and c^ dry.

Mortimer s Hufhandry.

To Cod. -v. n. [from the noun.] To in-

clofe in a cod.
All codded grain being a deftroyer of weeds, an

improver of land, and a preparer of it for other

crops. Mortimer.

Co'dders. n.f. [from cod.] Gatherers of

peafe. Dia.

Code. «._/". [fo</if.v, Latin.]

1 . A book.

2. A book of the civil law.

We find in the Thcod ifun and Judinian codi
the tnterell of trade very well provided for.

Arbutbnot on Coins,
Indentures, cov'nants, articles they draw,
Large as the fields themfclves ; and larger far
Than civil coda with all their glofies are.

Pope's Sat.

Co'dicil. «. /. [codicillus, Lat.] An
appendage to a wilL

The man ("ufpci^s his lady's crying
Was but to gain him to appoint her,
By codicil a larger jointure. Prior.

Cod i'll e. n.f. [codille, Fr. codillo. Span.]
A term at ombre, when the game is
won.

She fees, and trembles at th' approaching ill }
Ju(l in the jaws of ruin, and codille.

Pope's Rape of the Lock.
To CO'DLE. 'V. a. [coqii$, coSiulo, Lat.
Skinner.] To parboil ; to foften by the
heat of water.
Co'dling. ». / [fro^ To codle.] An
apple generally codled, to be mixed
with milk.

In July come gifl'flowers of all varieties, early
pears and plums in fruit, gennitings and codlings.

SactM'i Ejays,
Theix

C O E

Their entertainment at the height,
In cream and cojimgs rev'ling with delight.

Kirg's Cookery.

He fet it lie all winter in a gravel walk, fouth of

a forf/iig hedge. AUrtimr't Hufiandry.

A codling, ere it went his lip in.
Would ftraight become 4 golden pippin. Sw(/>.
Coe'fficacy. n. f. [f»» and efficacia,
Lat.] The power of feveral things
afting together to produce an efteft.

We cannot in general infer the efficacy of thofe
ftars, or cctffcacy particular in medications.

BrmvnS y^u/gar Errcurs,

CoEFFi'ciENCY. «. / [cort and e^do,
Latin.] Cooperation; theilateof afting
together to ibme fingle end.

The managing and carrying on of this work, by
the fpirits inftrumental aitfficieticy, requires that
they be kept together, without diftin^ion or difli-
pation. Glan-viliii Sccpjiu

CoEFFi'ciENT. ». /. [«« and eficiens,
Latin.]

1. That which unites its ailion with the
aflion of another.

2. [In algebra.] Such numbers, or given
quantities, that are put before letters,
or unknown quantities, into which let-
ters they are fuppofed to be multiplied,
and fo do make a reflangle or produfl
with the letters; as, 4 a, h x, cxx;
where 4 is the co-efiicient of 4a, h of
bx, and f of fATjr. Chambers.

3. In fluxions.

The cjtfiiitnt of any generating term (in fluxi-
ons) is the quantity arifing by the divifion of that
term, by the generated quantity. Chambtn.

Coe'liack P^ffion. [xoi^:a, the belly.]
A diarrhcea, or flux, that arifes from the
infligeflion or putrefaftion of food in the
Homach and bowels, whereby the ali-
ment comes away little altered from
what it was when eaten, or changed like
corrupted Sinking flefh. ^incy.

Coe'mption. n.f. [<-o^/n///>, Lat.] The
aft of buying up the whole quantity of
any thing.

Monopolies and cmmflhn of wares for refale,
where they are not rcllraincd, are great menns to
enrich. Bjcor.'i Ej/jyi.

Coe'qual. aJJ. [from con and ejualis,
Lat.] Equal ; being of the fame rank
or dignity with another.

Henry the fifth did fometimes prophcfy,
If once he came to be a cardinal.
He'll make his cap cct^ol vi\l)\ the crawn.

Shakiffiare'l Hmry VI.

Coequa'lity. a./ [from coequal.] The

(late of being equal.
To COE'RCE. -V. a.[coerceo, Latin.] To

reftrain ; to keep in order by force.

PuniOiments are manifold, that they may cocrct
this profligate fort. Ayl'iffti fait'gm.

Coe'rcible. adj. [from rocr«.]
1. That may be reftrained.
' 2. That ought to be reftrained.
Coe'rcion. n.f. [from coerce.] Penal
reftraint ; check.

The cicriicn or execution of the fentence in ec-
defiaftical courts, is only by eicommunicjt'.on of
the perfon contumacious. Halt'i dmrnyn I.aiu.

Go»emment has aerclen and animadvcrfion upon
fuch as neglcfl their duty ; without which coercive
power, all government is toothlefsandprecarinur.
__ , ,. fc.. S-Mii.

Cob »civ*» aaj. Lfrom ceerce.]

C O E

1. That which has the power of laying
reftraint.

Ail things, on the furface fpread, are bound
By their coerd've vigour to the ground ! Blackmort-.

2. That which h.is the authority of re-
training by punifhment.

For minillers to feek that themfelves might
have ccerci-ve power over the church, woulJ have
been hardly conftrued. Hoaker, Preface.

Tlie virtues of a general, or a king, are pru-
dence, counlel, active fortitude, o/ercive power,
awful command, and the exercife of magnanimity,
as well as juftice. Dryder..

Coesse'nti AL. adj. [con zv\A eff'c!7tia , La-
tin.] Participating of the fame eflence.

The Lord our God is but one God, in which in-
diviJiblc un'ty we adore the Father, as being alto-
gether of himfelf ; we glorify that confuijftantial
Word, which is the Son ; we blefs and magnify
that coejjefttial Spirit eternally proceeding from
both, which is the Holy Ghoft. Hooker.

Coessentia'lity. n.f. [homcoeJ/eniiaL]

Participation of the fame eflence.
Coeta'neous. ae/J. [conzn&eetas, Latin.]
Of the fame age with another : with to.
Eve was old as Adam, and Cain their Ion cceta-
neous unto both. Brciun'i Vulgar Err'^un.

Every fault hath penal eft'efis, coetanetui to the
i(\. Gov.

Through the body every member fuflains an-
other ; and all are coctaiuous, becaufc none can fub-
fift alone. Bentky'i Serm-.n,

Coete'rnal. adj. [con and leternus, Lat.]
Equally eternal with another.

Or of the eternal coeternt/ beam !

Milton' t Paradife hofl.
Coete'rnally. ad-v. [from coetemal.]
In a ftate of equal eternity with an-
other.

Arius had diAonoured his cittcrnally hegotten

Son. Hooker.

Coete'rnity. n. /. [from coeternal.']

Having exiftence from eternity equal

with another eternal being.

The eternir/ of the Son'j generation, and his
ecet/rnlty and confubflantiality with the Father,
when he came down from heaven, and was incar-
nate. iIa7nmond't Furtdamentalt.
COE'VAL. adf. [coeevus, Latin.]

1. Of the fame age.

Even hii teeth and white, like a young flock,
Caci-j/, and ncv.'-(horn, from the clear brook
Recent. Prior,

2. Of the fame age with another : follow-
ed by ivith.

Tins religion cannot pretend to be coeval ivith
man. Hj/t,

The monthly revolutions of the moon, or tlie
diurnal of the earth upon its own axis, by the very
hypothecs, arc coeval -with the former. Bentlcy.

Silence, coeval ivith eternity !
Thou wert, ere nature firfl began to be :
'Twas one vail nothing all, and all flept fort in
thee ! p„p,,

3. Sometimes by to.

_ Although we had no monuments of religion an-

/ cienter than idolatry, we have no ri-afon to con-

dudethat idolatrous religion v/is, coeval to mankind.

Hale\ Origin of Mankind.

Coe'val. m. f. [from the adjcdlivc.] A
contemporary ; but properly one not
only living at the fame time, but of the
fame time of life.

As it were not enough to have outdone all your
coevals io wit, you will excel them in good-nature.

Po/>,.

CoE vous, ac//. [coeevui, Lat.] One of
the fame age.

Th-n it Hiould not have been th? firil, as fup-
pofing fuuK other thing ikv>ui to it. South.

C O F

T'e CoExi'sT. 'V. It. [con a.ndexiJfo, Latin.]

1. To exift at the fiime time.

The three ftars that cccxiji in heavenly conftclla-
tions, areamaititudeof ftjrs. Halr'sOrig.ofMank,

Ot fubftances no one has any clear idea, farther
than of certain fiiiiplc ideas cocxjling together.

Locke»

2. Followed by "uuth.

It is fufficier.t that we have the idea of the
length of any regular periodical appearances, which
we can in our minds apply to durjtion, toiib
which the motion or appearance never cotxijicd.

Locku
COEXl'sTENCE. n.f. [from fflf.V//?.]

1. Having exiftence at the fame time with
another : with to.

Lccke, who in the preceding lines has
coexifed-iaith, has here coexijlence to.

The meafuring of any duration, by fonic mo-
tion, depends not on the real coexijhnce of thi;t
thing to that motion, or any otiier periods of revo-
lution. Lockft

2. More commonly followed by ivith.

We can demonftrate the being of G<jd'5 eternal
ideas, and their coexiflcncc ivith him. Grciv'i C^j\
CoEXi'sTENT. adj. [from ccexiji.]

1 . Having exiftence at the fame time with
another : with to.

To the meafuring the duration of any thing
by time, it is not requifite that that thing ihould
be cocxijlent to the motion we nicalure by, or any
other periodical revolution. Lock^\

2. Sometimes ivith.

This proves no antecedent neccflity, but coexijlcnt
ivith the aft. BrainhalTi Avfiver to Holies.

Time is taken for fo much of duration as is
coexijlent ivith the motions of the great bodies of
the univerfe. Locke,

All that one point is either future or pad, and
no parts are coexijient or contemporary ivith it.

BentUy.
To Coexte'nd. 11. a. [con and extendo,
Latin.] To extend to the fame fpace or
duration with another.

Every motion is, in fume fort, coexicmtri with
the body moved. Gnw's Cofmologia.

Coexte'nSion. »./ [Cmm coextend,] The
aft or ftate of extending to the fame fpace
or duration with another.

Though it be a fpirit, 1 find it is no inconveni-
ence to have fome analogy, at lead of coextenfion,
with my body. Ha!e^

CO'FFEE. n.f. [It is originally Arabick.
pronounced ctiheu by the Turks, and
cahunh by the Arabs.] The tree is a
fpecies of Arabick jcfTamii-.e.

It is found to fuccccd js well in the Caribbee
iflands as in its native place of growth ; but whe-
ther the coffee produced in the Weft Indies will
prove as good as that from Mocha in Arabia
Felix, time will difcover. Miller.

CofFEZ denotes a diink prepared from the
berries, very familiar in Europe for thcfe eighty
years, and among the Turks for one hundred and
fifty. Thevenot, the traveller, wai the firft who
brought it into P'rancej and a Greclc fervant,
called Pafqua, brought into England by Mr. Daniel
Edwards, a Turky merchant, in 1652, to make
his c'ffie, firft fet up the profefiion of coftecman,
and introduced the diink among us. Chctmlcn,

""hey have in Turky a drink called cojf'ec, made
of a berry of the fame nam", as black as" foot, and
of a ftrong fccnt, but not arojnatical ; which they
ta'ce, beaten into powJer, in wa er, as hot as they
can drink it. This drink comforteth the br.iin
an 1 hi:art, and helpcth digcftion. Bacon.

To part her time 'twixt reading and buliea,
Or o'er cold ciffce trifle with the f| oon. Pope.

Co'ffeehousk. rt.j'.[coJ'a and houfe.] A
houfe of entertainment wi.ere coffee is

io\d,

C O F

fold, and the guefts are fiipplied with
news-papers.

At ten, from coffecboujt or play
Rcniriiing, gniihes the day. Pr'nr.

It is a point they do not cmccrn themfelvcs
about, farther than perhaps as a fubjcA in a affa-

tluft. S^viJ't.

Co'ffeeman. ti.f. [cojee -And man.] One
that keeps a coAce-houfe.

Confider your enemies the LaceJemonians ; did
ever yuu hear that they preferred a ctffumati to
Agefiiaus ? Addifin.

Co'ffeepot. k. /. [coffee AnA pot ."^ The

covered pot in which coffee is boiled.
CO'FFER. n.J. [cope, Saxon.]

1. A chell generally for keeping money.

Two iron cojfcn hung on cither (idc,
' With precious metal fuli as they coulJ hold.

Fairy Stuecn.
The lining of his eoffni fliall make coats
To deck our loldicis lor thcfc lri(h wars.

Shjhfffinre'i Richard 11.

If you defVroy your goveniour that is weaitliy,

you muJ> chufe ar;other, who will fill his c*i£cri

out of what is lelu L'EJirjnge.

2. Treafure.

He would dif>:harge it without any burthen to
the <]ueen's ct,ffen, for honour fake.

Bjcvii'i Ailvke to ViiJUrt*

3. •[In architefture.] A fquare deprefl'ure
in each interval between the modillions
of the Corinthian cornice, ufually filled
with fome enrichment. Chambers.

4. [In fortification.] A hollow lodgment
acrofs a dry moat, from lix to feven foot
^eep, and from fixteen to eighteen*
broad ; the upper part being made of
pieces of timber, raifed two foot above
the level of the moat ; which little ele-
vation has hurdles laden with earth for
its covering, and ferves as a parapet
with embrafures. Chambers.

To Co'ffer. 'V. a. [from the noun.] To
treafure up in chelts.

Treafure, as a war might draw forth, fo a peace
fucceeding might coffer up. Baccv's Henry VJl.

Co'ffer ER oy the King's Houfehold. n.f
A principal officer of his majefty's court,
next under the comptroller, that, in the
compting-houfe and elfewhere, hath a
fpecial overfight of other officers of the
houfehold, for their good demeanour in
their offices. Co'wcll.

COTFIN. n.f. [co/», French.]

1. The box or cheft in which dead bodies
are put into the ground. It is ufed both
of wood and other matter.

He went as if he had been the ciffin that carried
himfelf to his fepulchre. SiJmy.

Not- a flower fwcet
On my black re^^'n let there be Drown.

Stakeff'ccire's 1'ivclfth Nig/.!.
One fate they have,
The (hip their coffirr, and the fea tlvir grave, ff^all.
The joiner Is fitting fcrews to ycur cc^n. Snvift,

2. A mould of parte for a pye.

Of the parte a c^ffir will 1 rear.
And make two paliies of your Jhamcful heads.

Skahffcarc.

3. A paper cafe, in form of a cone, ufed
by grocers.

4. In farriery.

Corns of a horfe, is the whole hoof of the foot
above the coronet, including the ccffin bone. The
t!,Jpn bone is a fmall fpongy bone, inclofed in the
inidft of the houf, and |H)fltffing the whole form
•I the foot. Ferricr'i Dia.

5

COG

ToCo'ffik. v. a. [from the noun.] To
inclofe in a coffin.
- Would'ft thou have laugh'd had I come nfiti'd

home.
That weep'lLto fee me triumph ? Shak^ Ccrklanut,

I.et me lie
In prifon, and here be co^rCdy when I die. Donne.
Co'ffinmaker. «. /. \_coffin and maker.']
One whofe trade is to make coffins.

Where will be your fextons, ctfinmatcrt, and
plummets ? TatUr.

To COG. 1/. a. [A word of uncertain ori-
ginal, derived by Skinner from coqueliner,
French.]

I. To flatter; to wheedle j to footh by adu-
latory fpeeches.

I'll mountebank their loves,
Ca^ their hearts from them, and come home belovM
Of all the trades in Rome. Shakefp. Cvriolanus.
z. To Cog a die. To fecure it, fo as to
direft its fall ; to falfify.

But then my ftudy was to cog the dice.
And dext'roully to throw the lucky fice.

Dryden'i Fcr. Satires.
For guineas in other men's breeches,
Vour gamefters will palm and will cog.

Sifift.

Ye gallants of Newgate, whofe fingers aic nice

In diving in pockets, or cogging of dice. Swift.

3. To obtrude by falfehood.

The outcry is, that I abufc liis demonftration
by a falfification, by cogging in the word.

TUktfon, Preface.
I have cogged in the word to fervc my turn.

Stittingfleet.

Fuftian tragedies, or inlipid comedies, have, by

concerted applaufes, been cogged upon the town for

marterpieces. ' Dennis.

To Cog. 'V. «. To lye ; to wheedle.

Now ftealcth he, now will he crave ;
And now will iie cofen and cog. Tujfcr.

Mrs. Ford, I cannot cog ; I cannot prate, Mrs.
Ford ; now ihall 1 fin in my wi(h.

Stakcff care's Merry ff^ives of ff^mdfcr.

COG. «./. The tooth of a wheel, by which
it aiSs upon another wheel.

To Cog. 1/. a. [from the noun.] To fix cogs
in a wheel.

Co'cENcy. n. /. [from eogeKt.] Force "<
ftrength ; power of compelling ; con-
viftion.

Maxims and axioms, principles of fciencc, be-
caufc they arc felf-evident, have been fuppofed in-
nate J although nobody ever Ihewcd the foundation
of tlieir cleainefs and cogency. Locke.

CO'GENT. adj. [cogens, Latin.], Forci-
ble ; refilllefs ; convincing ; powerful ;
having the power to compel convidUon.

Such is the cogent force ni nature. Prior.

They have contrived methods of deceit, one re-
pugnant to another, to evade, if polfible, this moll

cogent proof of a Deity.

Bentley.
Cogently, adv. [from cogent ."^ With
refilllefs force ; forcibly ; ib as to force
coaviftion.

They forbid us to hearken to thofe proofs, as
weak or fallacious, which our own exigence, and
the fenfiblc parts of the univerfc, offer fo clearly
and cogcr.tly to our thoughts. Locke.

Co'gcer. n.f. [from To cef.] A flat-
terer ; a wheedler,
Co'ggleston E. n.f. [cuogolo, Ital.] A
little ftone ; a fmall pebble. Skinner.
Co'gitable. adj. [{rom cogito, Latin.]
That which may be thought on ; what
may be the fiibjeft of thought.
To CO'GITATE. m. n. [cogito. Lat.] To
think. Din.

Gogita'tion. »./. [cogitatio, Latiti.j

COG

1. Thought; the aft of thinking.

Having their eogitaiioni darkened, and b;ing
ftrangers from the life of God, from the4gnorance
which is in them. llorkcr.

A pidure puis me in mind of a friend : the
intention of the mind, in feeing, is carred to the
objeft reprefented ; which is no more than fimp'c
cogitation, or a^prchenfion of the pcrfon. Stilling f.

This Defcartcs ptovcs that brutes have no cogl*
tat'un, becaufe they could never be brought to fig-
ni^ their thoughts by any artificial figns.

Rety en the Creation,

Thefe powera of eogiiatior., and volition, and fen-
fation, are neither inherent in matter as fuch, nor
acquirable tu matter by any motion and'modificatiun
of it. Bentley.

2. Purpofe ; refleflion previous to aflion.

The kinj, pcrcciviil^ that his dcfircs were in-
temperate, and his lagitaticns vaft and irregular,
began not to brook him well. Bacon's Henry VII.

3. Meditation; contemplation; mental
fpeculation.

On fome great charge cmploy'd
He feem'd, or fixt in eogitation deep. ATilt. Par. Loji.

Co'gitative. adj. [from cogito, Latin.]

1. Having the jK)wer of thought and re-
fleftion.

if thefe powers of cogitation and fenfatinn are
neither inherent in matter, nor acquirable to mat-
ter, they proceed from fime cogitative fuhllance,
which we call fpiri: and foul. Bentley.

2. Given to thought and deep meditation.

The earl had the dofer and more rcferved coun-
tenance, being by nature more cogitative. H^otton.
Cogna'tion. n.f. [cognatio, Latin.]

1. Kindred ; defcent from the fame origi-
nal.

Two vices I fliall mention, as being of near cog..
ration to ingratitude ; pride, and hard-heartednefs,
or want of companion. South.

Let the criticks tell me what ceitain fen^i; they
could put upon either of thefe four words, by tiieir
mere cognation with each other. JVatts on the Mind.

2. Relation ; participation of the fame na-
ture.

He induceth us to afcribe effefls unto caufes of
no cognation. Brorvn's J^ulgar Errours.

Cognisef.'. n.f. [Inlaw.] He to whom
a fine in lands or tenements i» acknow-
ledged. Ccivell.

Co'gnisovr. n.f. [In law.] Is he that
pafleth or acknowledgeth a fine in lands
or tenements to another. Cotuell.

COGNI'TION. n. f. [cognitio, Latin.]
Knowledge ; complete conviftion.

I, will not be mylclf, nor have eogiiiiion
Of what I feel : 1 am all patience.

Shakejpearc'i Troilus and Crefftda.
Cod, as he created all things, fo is he beyond
and in them all ; not only in power, as under his
fubjc^ion ^ or in his prefence, as in his cognition i
but in their very elfcncc, as i:j the foul of their
caufalitics. Brcii-ns Vulgar Errours.

Co'gnitive. adj. [fiom ccgnitus, Latin. 1
Having the power of knowing.

Unlefa the unuerftanding employ and excrclfeits
cognitive or apprchenfivc power about thefe terms,
there can be no actual apprch'.:nfion of them.

South'! Sermons.
Co'gnizable. etdj. [cogrtoifable , Fr.]

1. That falls under judicial notice.

2. Liable to be tried, judged, or exa-
mined.

Some are merely of ccclcr:;jftlcal cognizance j
others of a mixed nature, fuch as are ccgnixalle
both in the ecclefialtical and fecular courts.

Ayliffe's Parergon,
Co'gnizance. n.f. [conncifancr, Fr.]
I. judicial notice; trial; judicial auttio*
rity.

C O H

It is worth the wbitcj however, to eonCJcf how
¥.*c may diicountenance and prevent thofc evils
which the law can talce no co^wzanff of. L'EJlr.

Happincfs or mifery, in converfe with others, de-
pends upon things which humaa lawj can talce no
citgrhianceof. Satih.

The moral crime is completed, there are only
eircumftances wanting to work it up tor the c-ig-
n\T.arct of the law. jlddijen.

2. A badge, by which any one is known.

And at the king's going away the earl's fervants
ftood, in a fecmiy manner, in their livery coats,
with eogrtlxjrces, ranged on both fides, and made
the king a bow. Bacca'i Iknry VII.

Thele were the proper eognixaitces and coat-arms
of the tribes. Brouit'i yuhar Erroun

COGNCyMINAL. adj. [cognomen, Lat.]
Having the fame name.

Nor do thofe animals more refemble the crea-
tur-.» on earth, than they on earth the conftella-
tionJ which pafs under animal names in heaven ;
not the dog-filh at fea much more make nut the
' dog of the land, than his ccgmm'mal or namefakc
in the heavens. Brmot'i fulgar Ertsurz.

Cocnomlva'tion. n./. Iccgnonun, La-
tin.]

1 . A furnarae ; the name of a family. .

2. A name added from any accident or
quality.

Pompey dafervcd the name Ctera : Alexander,
of the fame cogrcmimttion, was generaliflimo of
f^fi:". Bmi:n.

COGNO'SCENCE. »./ [cogiu/co.Lit.]
Knowledge ; the ftate or adt of knowings

Difl.
CocNo'sciBLE. adj. [cognD/co, Lat.] That
may be known j being the olyeft of
knowledge.

The Cimc that it fald for the redundance of mat-
ters inte.ligible and ccgr.cJciHr in things natural,
may be applied to things artificial.

Hale'i Origin I,/ Munk'wil.

To COHA'BIT. V. n. [cohatito, Latin.]
I . To dwell with another in the fame place.

The Phiiiftincs wcic worlled Ijy the captivated
ark, which foraged their country more than a con-
quering army : they were not able to cchabit wiOi
that h ly thing. South.

a. To live together as hulband and wife.

He knew her not to be hi» own wife, and yet
had a delign to (chabit with her as fuch.

Eiitdtt^s Serrn'r:.
Coha'bitakt. n.f. [from eobabit.'^ An
inhabitant of the Jiime place.

Tbe opprefled Indians protc.'l againll that hea-
ven where the Spaniards are to be the'it ahMtanti.
Dscay tf PirlJ.

Cohabita'tion. *./ [from re/W///.]

1 . The aifl or ftate of inhabiting tlie fame
place with anoiher. •

2. The ft,iie of living together as married
perfons. ,

Which dcfefl, though it could not evacuate a
marriaje after ccbatiraikr, and aflual confumma-
tion, jet it was enough to make void a contract.
' Biitm't Henry Vll,

■* MonGeur Brumari, at on; hundred and two
yeatt, died for love ol his wife, who was ninety-
two at her death, after Icventy jcjis aietitiitkn.

'i'lUUr.
Cohf/ir. ». / [tohcrret, Lat.] One of
feveral among whom an inheritance i.<
divided.

Married perfons, and -Aidows, and virgins, arc
all r«ifir« in the inheritance of Jcfus, if thoy live
with;ntht lawsof ilicirel.aw. '/^yhrilhly Lniing,
Cohe'iress. «./. [from coljeir-l A wo-
man who has an equal fiiare o<"an inhe-
ritance with other women.
Vol. 1.

C O H

TVCOHE'RE. v.n. [coUree, Latin.]
« . To flick together ; to hold ftil one to
another, as parts of th^ fame mafs.

Two pieces of marble, having their furface ex~
a£ily plain, polite, and applied to each other in
fuch a manner as to intercept the air, do nbtre
firmly together as one. ff^oaJviarJ.

We find that the force, whereby bodies cebcre,
is very much greater wlien they cjme to injme-
diate contaS, than when they are at ever fo fmall
a finite diftance. Cheyre's Pbihfifhical Frirciflet.

None want a place ; for all, their centre found.
Hung to the goddefi, and cohered around ;
Not clofer, orb in orb conglob'd, are feen
The buzzing bees about tlieir du/ky queen.

Pcfit Dur.eiaJ.

2. To be well connefted ; to follow re-
gularly in the order of difcourfe.

3. To fuit ; to fit ; to be fitted to.
Had time «A«r'<< with place, or place with wiih-

ing. Staieffeare.

4. To agree.

Cohe'rence. 1 /. r r • r • -1

CoHE'RENcy. j "--^ [ccUrenCa. Latin.]

1. That ftate of bodies in which their
parts are joined together, from what
caule foever it proceeds, fo that they
refift divulfion and feparation ; nor can
be feparated by the fame force by which
they might be fimply moved, or, being
only laid upon one another, might be
parted again. ^incy.

The preHure of the air will not explain, nor can
be a caufc of, the ecberaut of tbe particks of air
themfelves. ioi,(,.

Matter is either fluid or folid ; words that may
comprehend the middle degrees between extreme
fixcdnefs and cphenrcy, and the moft rapid intef-
tine morion. Bimlty.

2. Connexion; dependency; the relation
of parts er things one to another.

It Aiall be no trouble to find each controverfy's
refting- place, and the «i«Tf»«i; hath with things,
either on which it dependeth, or which depend on
't» Hooker, Prefect.

Why between fermont and faith (hould thcie \>c
ordinarily that cohtrenct, which caufes have with
their ufual effeits? _ Honier.

3. The texture of a difcourfe, by which
one part follows another regularly and
naturally.

4. Confiftency in reafoning, or relating,
fo that one part of the difcourfe does
not deftroy or contrudidl the reft.

Ccbirtncc oi' difcourfe, and a dire^ tendency of
all tbe parts of it to the argument in hand, arc
moil eminently to be found in him.

Locke's Prtfacc 10 St. PauPt EfiJlUi.
Cohe'rent. adj. [cohetrens, Latin.]
I . Sticking together, fo as to refift fepara-
tion.

By coagulating and diluting, that i:, making
their parts more or Icfs toktrtnt. Arhutb. on Al'-.m.

Where all mud full, or not nbcrtnt be;
And ail that rifcs,'tilc iii due degree.

P'ifi't EJfay on Man.

t. Connefted ; united.

The mind proceeds from the knowledge itflands
poflelli-d of aiready, to that -.vhich lies next, and
is cobrrfiit to it, and fo on to what it aims at.

Locke.

3. Suitable to fometbing elfe ; regularly
adapted.

InftruA my daughter,
That time and place, wiilithis deceit fo lawful,
M ly prove coherent. Stak. M'lmell thai ends trc'.l,

4. Confiftcnt ; not contradiftory to itfelf.
A eohireni thinker, and a ftrifl rcafnner, is not

to be made at once by a fct of rules. K'alli'i Leg.

C O I

Cohe'sion. »./. [from echere.^

1. The aft of flicking together.

Hard particles heaped together touch in a few
points, and muft be ieparable by lefs force than
breaks a folid particle, whofe parts touch in all
the fpace between them, without any pores or in-
terftices to weaken their cohrjicn. Nrtiton'i Opt.

Solids and fluids difl^er in the degree of eibcjten,
which, being increafcd, turns a fluid into a folid.
Arhuibvpt on jil'tmcms,

2. The ftate of union or infeparability.

What caufe of their cohift^n can you find?
What props fupport, what chains the fabrick bind ?

Biackmvre.

3. Conneftion ; dependence.

In their tender years, ideas that have no natural

cobcjion come to be united in their heads. Locke.
Cohe'sivb. adj. [from cohere.] That lias

the power of flicking to another, and of

refilling feparation.
Cohe'siveness. «./ [from coheji-ve.] The

quality of being cohefive ; the quality

of refifting feparation.
To Cohi'bit. -v. a. [cohii-eo, Lat.] To

reftrain ; to hinder. Ditl.

To CO'HOB.4TE. "j. a. To pour the dif-

tilled liquor upon the remaining matter,

and diftil it again.

The juices of an animal body are, as itflvere,
ctbciated, being excreted, and admitted again irt«
the blood with the trefh aliment. Arbuik.onAlim,
Cohoba'tion. n.f. [from cohobatg.'\ A
returning any dillilled liquor again up.
on what it was drawn from, or upon
frefli ingredients of the fame kind, to
have it the more impregnated with their
virtues. ^tincy,

OJiihation is the pouring tlie liquordlflilled from
any thing back upon the remaining matter, and
diftilling it again. Lotkt.

This oil, dulcified by cohohattm with an aroma-
tized fpirit, is of ufe to reftore the digeftlvc fa-
culty. Cremi's Mu'gum.

Co'hort. n.f. [colon, Latin.]

A troop of foldiers in the Roman ar-
mies, containing about five hundred foot.

The Romans levied as many cohorts, con^panies,
and enfigns, from hence, as from any of their pro-
vinces. ^ Camden.

2. [In poetical language.] Abodyofwar-
riours.

Th' arch-angelic pow'r prepar'd
For fwift defc"nt ; with him the cobcrt Bright
Of watchful cherubim. Milton's Paradife I-ifi,

9 Here Churc'nill, not fo prompt
To vaunt as fight, his hardy «/i(j/-rr join'd
With Eugene. PhUips's Blevhcim.

Cohorta'tion. n.f.J_coPjortatio, Latin.]
Encouragement by words ; incitement.

COIP, n. J', [coeffe, French ; from cofea,
for cucufu, low Lat.] The head-drcfs ;
a lady's cap ; the ferjeant's cap.

'I'ht juJges of tlie four circuits in Wales, al-
though they are not of the fiift mijjtutude, nor
ne::d be of the degree of the oif, yet are they con
fjderablc. Bacon s Advice to l^ilRci 1

No lefa a man than a btother of the coif hi^^ctv
his fuil, b^'ore lit bad been a (v/clvero'inth at the
Temple. . Addifcn, SfcQalor.

Inftcad of home-fpun /ci/i were fien
Cood pinners edg'd with colbertine. Swift.

Co'i Ft D. adj. [fiom^w/.] Wearing a coif.
Co'ivvvtiZ.<n>/, \_cceff'urt, Fr.j Head-
drefs. ■■■■■' ^-i

I am pleafrJ with the c.ijfuri now in fi^ion,

and think it (licws the gojd Jtrile of tlic v.; .bio

part of the fcx. " Ailc'iin.

X X C010;:a.

C O I

CoiGicB. ■*./ [An Iri(hicnn,asUfccm5.]

Fiti Thomas of DclVnonU began that extortion
of roi^nr and livrr)-, and pay; that is, he and hi$
army took hutfe meat and itiaa*s meac» and moneyy
at plcafure. David 9rt Inland,

COIGNE. »./ [French.]

1. A corner.

Nojuaing frinc,
Buttriccy nbr ceig^ne ot" vantagr, but this bird
H.'Ch niJilc his pendant bi:<l. Sbakiff-Macbtih,
See you yond' »iii u' ta' capitol> yond* corner
ftone ? Shakcfftare.

2. A wooden wedge ufed bv printers.

To COIL. 1/. a. [cutiUir, Fr.] To gather
into a narrow com pals ; as, to coii a
rope, to wind it in a i ing.

The lurking particles of air, (o expanding them-
felves, muft ncceSarily plump out tlw fides of jhe
bladde-, and fo keep them turgid, until tht: pref-
furc c;' thie air, that at firil coikd them, be re-ad-
mitted to do the fame thing again. Baylt.

Coil. »./. [hlleren. Germ.]

1. Tumult; turmoil; buftle ; flir ; hurry;
confufion.

who WIS fo firm, fo conllant, that this csil
Would not infedt his rcafon. Shakefp. temfiji.

You, miftrels, all this en/ is 'long a£.you. Shak.

In that fleep uf death, what dreams may come,
When we have Ihuffled o(i this mortal ciil,
MuH give us paufe. Shakcjfeart'i Hamlet,

2. A rope wound into a ring.

Coin. n. f. \coign!, French.] A corner ;
any thing Handing out angularly ; a
fquare brick cut diagonally : called often
quoin. Or quint.
COIN. n. /. [by fome imagined to come
from cuneus, a wedge, becaufe metal is
cut in wedges to be coined.]
I. Money itamped with a legal impref-
fion.

He gave Dam:tas a good fum of gold In ready
tux, wltich Mcnalcas had bequeathed. SiJiuy,

You have made
Your holy hat be ilamp'd on the king's ri>iif.

/ Sbaie/fcare's HinryVlll.

I cannrit tdl how the ports will fuccecd in the

explication of r&ivs, to which they ate generally

Tcry great Itrangcrs. AJdipn.

She nnur cootraOs her raft defign,
And all her triumphs ihrink into a aiv. Pcft,

z. Payment of any kind.

The lofs of prefent advantage to flefti and blood,
is repaid in a nobler coin. Hammoitd^s FunJamtnta/s,

I'o CoiK. v. a, [from the noun,]

1. To mint or flatnp metals for money.

They cannot touch me for coining: I am the
king. Shakejpearc.

They never put ij pradlce a thing fo neceffary
»s f»i(H./ money is. Ptacbam. of Antiquities.

Te.iants cannot «i« rent juft al quarter- day, but
mud g.ither it by degcees. Locke.

Can IK be fure that this medal was really camel
by an artificer, or is but a produit ofthe foil from
whejice it was taken ? Bcniley.

2. To make or invent.

My lungs
Cain words til! their decny, agalnll thofe meafles
Wh.ch we difd;iin ibould teCer u5.

Sbjke/fieare^s Coriolanus.

J. To make or forge any thing,, in an ill
fenfe. •

Never coin a fjrmal lye on 't,
T« make the knight o'ercome the giant. HuJiirat.
Thofc motives induced Virgil Cu cnn his fable,

Drydca.
Some tale, fome new pretence, he daily (und,
To footh his filter, and delude licr mind.

DrydetCt yifgil.
A una it ceimJ to make the conveyance cily.

jitliriury.

C O I

Co'iKAOE. n,/. [from «/'».]

1 . The art or prattice of coining money.

The care of tnt ttmage was committed to the in-
ferior magiftrates; and .1 don't find that they bad
a publick trial, as wc fulcmnly practifein this coun-
try. j4rbutbr::t.

2. Coin ; money ; (lamped and legitimated
metal.

This is conceived to be a ccinage of fome Jews,
in derlfion of Chiillians, who firll began that por-
trait. , Bro-wn,
Moor was forced t» leave off coining, by the
^eat crowds of people continually oftcring to re-
turn hh coinage upon him. Swift.

3. The charges of coining money.

4. New produdion ; invention.

Unncceifary toinag', as-wdl as unnecclTary re-
vival of words, runs into aUeftatioo ; a fault to
be avoided on cither hand.

Dryden's fuvenal. Dedication.

5. Forgery; invention.

This is the very coinage of your brain;
Thisbodikfs creation ecfticy
Is very cvinniny in. Shakefff^rt' s Hamhi.

To COlNCrbE. V. n. [ceincii/o, Latin.]

1 . To fall upon the fame point ; to meet
in the fame point.

If the equator and ecliptick had coincided, it
would have rendered tlie annual revolution of the
earth ufelcfs. Cbtjne.

2. To concur ; to be confiftent with.

The rules of right judgment, and of good ra-
tiucioation, often coincide with each other.

tyatts's Loritk.'

Coi'ncidence. n. /. [from ccinciJe!\

1. The ftate of feveral bodies, or lines,
falling upon the fame point.

An univerfal equilibrium, arifiiig from the coin-
cidence of infinite centres, can never be naturally
acquired. Btntlcy.

2. Concurrence ; confillency ; tendency of
many things to the fame end ; occur-
rence of many things at the fame time.

The very cojicurrencc and coincidence of fo many
evidences that contribute to the proof, carries a
great weight. Jiaic.

3. It is followed by •with.

The C'/iricidencc of the planes c^f this rotation
tvitb one another, and with the plane of the eclip-
tick, is vear near the truth.

Cbcyne's Pbihfophieal Principles.
Coi'ncident. adj. [from coincide,']

1 . Falling upon the fame point.

Thefe circles I viewed through a prifm ; and,
as 1 went from them, they came nearer and nearer
together, and at length became coincident.

Nrtuton's Optich.

2. Concurrent; confiftent; equivalent:
followed by luith.

Chriiiianlty teaches nothing but what is per-
fcQIy fijicable to and coincident iviih the ruling prin-
ciples of a virtuous and well inclined man. Scatb.

Thcfe words of our apollc arc exadlly coincident
with that controverted palTage in his difcourfe to
the Athenians. Bcniley.

Coindica'tion. n. /. [from coit .and
indico, Latin.] Many fymptoms beto-
kening the fame caufe.
Co'iNER. n.f. [from «/«.]
I. A maker of money ; a minter; a Ham-
per of coin.

My father was 1 know not where
When I was llatnpt : fome coiner with his tools
Male me a counterfeit. Sbakifpeare's Cynibeline.
It is eafy to find defigns that never entered into
the thoughts of the fculptor or the coiner.

jiddiftn on Medais.
There arc only two patents referred to, Iwth Icfs
advantageous to the ainer dun llii& ot \Vo')d.

Svtif'.

COL

2. A counterfeiter of the king's ftimp |
a maker of bafe money.

3. An inventor.

Uionyfius, a Creek cointr of etymologies, it
commended by Atb.cnxus. C.jntdcn's Remains,

To Cojo'tv. f. ». [cmjunge, Lat.] To join
with another in the fame office.
Thou may'ft cjAn with fomething, and thou
- doft.
And that beyond commiflion. Sbak.Txoe'f. Night,

Co'iSTRiL. n.f, A covyard ; a runaway :
corrupted from ktfirtl, a mean or dege-
nerate hawk.

He 's a cdward and a coifirit, that will not drink
to my niece, Sbaktfpeare's Ttvelfth Night,

CoiT. «./. [.fc/^, a die, Dutch.] A thing
thrown at a certain mark. Sec Quoit.

The time they wear out at coits, kayles, or the
like idle cxcrcJfcs. Carcw^s Survey of Ccrnvail,
Coi'tion, »,/, [ra/>/», Latin,]

1. Copulation; the 3(51 of generation.

I cannot but admire that philoflphers fliould
imagine frogs to fill from the clouds, confidering
how openly they aft their coition, produce fpawn,
tadpoles, and frogs. Ray on the Creation,

He is not made ptoduftive of liis kind, but by
coitir.n with a female, Grew*s CcfmoUgia,

2, The ad by which two bodies come to-
gether.

By Gilbertus this motion is termed ccititm, not
rrade by any faculty atcraftive of one, but a fyn.
drome and concnurfe of each. Brown*t yulg. Err,

Co K E . n.f. [ Perhaps from coquo. Skinner. ]
Fewel made by burning pit-coal under
earth, and quenching the cinders ; as
charcoal is made with wood. It is fre-
quently ufed in drying malt.

Co LANDER, n,/. icolo, to ftrain, Lat.]
A fieve either of hair, twigs, or metal,
through which a mixture to be fep,arated
is poured, and which retains the thicker
parts ; a ftrainer.

Take a thick woven ofier colander.
Thro' which the prclfed wines are ftralned clear.

All the vifcera of the body are but as fo many
colanders to feparate feveral juices from the blood.
Ray en the Creation,

The brains from »ofe and m^uth, and cither car,
Came KTuing forth, as through a colander
The curdled milk. Drydnr.

Cola'tion. n.f. [from colo, Lat.] The.

art of filtering or ftraining.
Co'i.ATURE. tt.f. [from co/o, Lat.]

1. The art of ftraining ; filtration.

2. The matter ftrained.
Co'lbektine. n,/. A kind of lace worn

by women.

Go, hang out an old fvilbneer gorget, with a^
yard of yellow ctltcrtitu again.

C-.ngrc'jc's IVay oflbefPirUt.
DifTrcncc rof* between
Mechlin, the <iucen of lace, and CJtcrtine, Vcunr,

Co'i.coTHA». n. /. A term- in chymiftry.

Col othar is the dry fubftance which remains alter

d liiUa.ion, but commonly the caput mortuam of

vitriol. ^incv.

Colcothir, or vitriol burnl,thou>ilt unto a rednc^,

containing the fixed fait, will make good ink.

BmvK,
COLD. adj. [colb, Saxon ; k.->li, German.]
1, Not hot ; not warm; gelid; wanting
warmth; being without heat.

TJic diet in the ftato of manhood ought to be
foUd ; and their chief drink water cold, becaufc in
fudi a iUce it hat its own natural fpirit,

ArbutkM ia Aliments,
Ths

COL

The aggregated foil
~I)eath, Vtth his mace petrifick, cM, and dryi
As with a trident, fmote. Millori.

2. Caufmg fenfe of cold.

Bids us feek
Some better &r<mdf ..jvne better warmth, to cherifh
Our limbs bcnnnib'd, ere this diurnal (tar
Leave cnld the night, how we his gathered beams
Reft-^^ed may with matter fere foment. Jiiihcn.

3. Chill; (hivering; having fenfe of cold.

O noble £iigli{h, that could entertain.
With half thf ir forces, the fu.l power of France j
And let another ha.f Sand laughing by.
All out of Work, and c:ld for aAion.

Sbakefpeare^i Henry V.

4. Having cold qualities ; not volatile;
not acrid.

Co'd plants have a quicker perception of the heat
of the fun than the hot herbs ; as a cM hand will
fooner find a little warmth than an hot*

Bamr's Natural Hijl'.ry.

5. Indifferent ; frigid ; wanting paffion ;
wanting zeal ; without concern ; un-
aftive ; unconcerned ; wanting ardour.

There fprung up one kind nf men, with whofe
zeal and fotwardncfs the reft being compared, were
thought to be marvellous ecid and dull.

Ih'kfr^s Ft-tface,
Infinite /hall be made ca/./ in religion, by your
eiample, that ne^er were hurt by reading books.

AJtkam.
Temp'ratcly proceed to what you would
Thus violently redrefs. Sir, thefe caW ways,

That fccOT like prudent helps, are very poifinous.

Shakejpcare.
New dated letters thefe,
Their cM intent, Aenour, and fubftance thus ;
Here doth he wifti his perfon, and his power.
The which he coulJ not levy. Shaliff. Henry IV.
We (hould not, when the blood was aid, h3\ c
thieatencd our prifoners with the fword.

Shakfjpeare^i Cymbeline*
To fee a world in dames, and an hod of angels
in the clouds, one mud be much of a ftoick to be
a tM andnuKoncerned fp^fbtor.

Burntt'i Pnfjcr ti ibtThciry if tht Earth.
■ ■ •-■ No drum or trumpet needs

T' infpire the coward, or to warm the cdj-y
Hii voice, his fole appearance, makes ciiem bold.

Dtyden,
O, thou haft toucb'd ise with thy (acred theme.
And my aid heart is kindled at thy flame. Rnm.
A man mift be of a vry (c/J dr degenerate tem-
per, whofe heart d^rh not br.rn vvirli'n him in the
midllof praife and adoration., Milifiti'i yrctholdir.

6. UnafFeding; unable tO: move the paf-

fions. 'I '

What a deal of told bufincfs doth a man taif[>end'
the better part of life in r In kattering compti
Dients, u-iwcriagviCts, foU::wing fealis and pU)^;

B<n 'Jonf.n.
The rabble are pleafcd at the firft entiy of a
difguife; but thejeft grriws V^/i/ evin with them'
too, when it comes on in a fccond fcene.

jiildijrm'on Italy*

7. Refert-ed ; coy ; not affeftionatej nptj
cordial ; not friendly. . . ■ .. _ ,

Let hit knights have cMcr looks i !
Among you. . SLakcJpeart^t Kitt^Lear*

The cotnmiflioners grew more rcfcrved, and
co/</.T towards ea'-h other. C/artndon.

8. ChaAe ; not heated by vitious appetite.

You ni.ty
Convey your pleafures in a fpa*.ittus plenty^
And yet fcem fcW, the time ynu inav in iioodwink ;
We've willing dames enough. Shaltff>. Matteih.

9. Not welcome ; not received with kind-
nefs or warmth of afFeftion.

M) mailer's fuit Will be but <ild.
Since Ihe rcrpefc^'> /ny miftrcfe' lov.

Shohcjjirvn'i Tifi Gtrtlemen of Ver/na.i

10. Not haft)'; not •violent. '
1 1* jNot affefUHj^the fccnt ilrohgl/.

COL

She made it gwd
At the hedge corner, in the coldeft fault. Stjiefp.

12. Not having the fenfe ftrongly aiFeded.

Smell this bulinefs with a fenSe as co/d
As is a dead man's nofe. Shakeff. iV'nuri Tale-
Cold. ». / [from the adjeftive.]

1. The caufe of the fenfation of cold ; the
privation of heat ; the frigoriCcit power.

Fair lined flippers tor the ca/J. Shakejpiare.

Heat and cold are nature's t^vo hands, » herehy
She chiefly worketh : and heat we have in teadi-
nefs, in rcfped: of the fire ; but for cold, we mull
(lay till it corr.cth. or feek it in deep caves, or high
mountains : and, when all is done, we cannot ob-
tain it in any great degree. Baceiit Nat. H'tfiwy.

The fun
Had firft his precept fo to move, fo fliinc.
As might affect the earth with cMurA heat
Scarce tolerable, and from the north to call
Decrepit winter, from the fouth to bring
SollVitial fummer's heat. Milltm.

2. The fenfation of cold } coldnefs; chil-
nefs.

When flic faw her lord prepar'd to part,
A deadly cMrin (hiv'ring to her heart. Dryd. Fjh.

3. A difeafe caufed by cold ; the obftruc-i
lion of perfplratlon.

What difeafe haft thou ?— .
A whorefon cold. Sir ; a cough. Shak. Henry IV.

Let no ungentle cold deftroy
All tafte we have of heavenly joy. Rofcommon.
Thofe rains, fo covering the earth, might pro-
videntially contribute to the difroption of it, by
ftopping all the pares and all evaporation, which
would make the vapours within llruggle violently,
as wc get a fever by a cold* ■ Buinef.

Co'ldly. aJ-v. [irom'eoU.']

1. Without heat.

2. Without concern ; indifferently; negli-
gently ; without warmth of temper or
cxpreffion.

What England fays, fay briefly, gentle lord ;
We coldly paufe for thee. Shakefpcare'i King'Jchn.
Swift fecm'd to wonder.what he meant,
Norwould believe my lord bad fent j 1 ,
So never oftcr'd once to ftir, .
But i-jy/y faid, Your fer*ant, Sir. Svlifl.

Cq'l Dx ESS. w. /[from «/'/.]

1. Want of heat; power of caufmg the
fenfation of cold.

He relates the exc'cHiTe'-h>il/«^'*Jf tfttf ■'vatir
they met with in furnvner in that icy regioiH where
they were forced to \»inter. Boyh't Ex/'tnmcntt.

Such was the difcord, which dtJ firlt difpcrle
Form, order, bea-jty, throUj^h tlie uiiivcrle j
While drfwr*»oM*Jrfi <«^«t/i hei)t relics, ,
All that we have, and that wc aVe, fi^fifts. . 4

perleam.,

2. Unconcern ; frigidity of temper ; want
of zeal; negligence; difregard.

Dirifions of religion are not only the ftirthcft
fpre.id, bccaufe in religion all men prefumc tliem-
fcVvcs iatereftcd ; b"t tlicy are alfo,' fyr tlic mo/t
part, hotlicr prnfctut^d : forafmueh as' ri./:i'»ir/i,
ohich, in other corttcntions, may be thought toj
proceed from Inodcrstii^n, isflotin thefe fqtavpu--
ablv condrucd. Hi:iker\ Dcdic^fi'yri,

if, upon reading admired paflages in authors, he
finds a coldneft and indifference in his thou^lit;,
lie ought to conclude, (that he himfclf want; the
faculty of difcovering them. j^dd'ijon.

It betrayed ItfeJf in a fort of indiffcrcrce and
carcl-nViefs in all her a^ioiiar and cdineji t6 her j
bed friends. ^ Artuihnot.;

3. Coynefs; want of kindnefs j ' jfraflti of,
paiUon.

Unhappy youth ! how will thy coldnefi taifc
Tempefts and dorms In his alfliftcd bofoni !

Add^on^t Ca!o*
■•r. Lettv'ry t«hguc its v^ious €cnfur«s chufe,
AbfolvcWitb cslJnefi, or with fpite actufc. frior.

COL

4. Chaftity ; exemption from vehement
defire.

The filver ftream her virgin coldnefz keeps,
For ever murmurs, and for ever weeps.

Pope's Windfor Forcjt.

COLE. n. /. [capl, Saxon.] A general
name fer all forts of cabbage.

Co'leseed. «. /. [from cole and y?#</.]
Cabbage feed.

Where land is ran!;, it is not good tofowwiieat
after a fallow; bat colrjeed or barley, and then
wheat. Msrtimer.

Co'i.EwoRT. n. /. [caplpyrit. Sax.] A
fpecies of cabbage.

The decoction of colcworu is alfo commended to
bathe them. M'ifcman of an Eryfipeiis.

She took the fo/fworfi, which her huibaiid got
From his own ground (a fmall wall-watcr'd fpot) ;
Slie rtripp'd the ftalks of all their leaves; the belt
She cull'd, and then witKhandy care flic drefs'd.

Drydct!,

How turnips hide their fwelling heads below.
And how the clofing ro/t-iuflrri upwards grow. Cay*

Co'lick. n. f. \colicus, Latin.]

It ftriftly is a dilorder of the colon ; but loofely,
any difordcr oi the flomach or bowcb that is at-
tended with pain. There arc four forts *. i. A bi-
lious col'iik, which proceeds from an abundance of
acrimony or choler irritating the bowels, fo as to
occafion continual gripes, and generally with a
loofcnel's ; and this is bell managed with lenitives
and emollients. 2. A flatulent col'ick, which is
pain in the bo>vels from flatufes and wind, which
diftend them into unequal and unnatural capaci-
ties ; .and this is managed with carminatives and
moderate openers. 3. An hyKerical colUk, which
aiilcs from difoiders of the womb, and is commu-
nicated by coni'ent of parts to the bowels ; and is
to be treated with the ordinary hyftcricks. 4. A
nervous col'ick, which is from convullivc fpat'msand
contortions of the guts themfelves, from foms dif-
orders of the fpirits, or nervous fluid, in their
component fibres ; whereby their capacities arc ia
many places flreightened, and fometime^ fo as to
occafion obftinate obftruftions : this is beft re-
medied by brilk catharticks, joined with opiates
and emollient diluters. There is alfo a fpecies of
this diftemper which is commonly called the ftone
colkk, by confent of parts, fron? the irritation ot"
the ftone or gravel in tVc bladdof or kidneys ; and
this ismoft commonly to be tr/ited by ncphritick*
and oily JiurcticUs, .tnd is grjitly aflifted with t.le
carminative turpentine clyftors. Sliijncy,

Cclicks of infants proceed from acidity, and ih--
air m the aliment expanding itfelf, while the ali-
ment ferments. Aihudtict*

Co'lick, adj.. Affefting the bowels.

Inteflinc hon<: a:id ulcer, colirk pangs. Milisu*

le Golla'pse.. t. ». [ccllabor, collapfusy
Latin.] To fall together ; to cloie fo
as that one fide touches the other.
'" In confumptioni and atrophy tlic liquids are ex-
hauflftd, and the ^dc5 or* the canals ccltapje ; therc-
■ fore the attritfoh is incrtafed, and confe<iuently
tiie heat. Arbuthnot on Diet*

Coi, I, A'psio.it. n.f. [from collet f/e.'\

1. The afl of clofing or collapfing.

2. The ilate of veflels clofed.
.CO'LLAR. n.f. [col/are, Latin.]

I. A ring of metal put round the neck.

That 'a notjiini;, fays the dog, but the fretting
of my collar t nay, fays the wolf, if there be a
etllar in the caft, i fcnov/ better things than to fell
mj'liberty. ' VEJirahge.

Tin tiratc jnd'more nf greyhounds ;
With (joldcn muizlcs all their mouths were bound.
And ,i;//d«of the fi.Tie their nicks furrnund.

Drydeii's FtHes*

2* The part of the harnefs that is fattened
about the horfe's neck.

X X 2 Hcf

C O 1.

H»T wajjen (fK>kM wait of long fpinnert legi,

The traces ot tl.c fnullell fpider's web.
The (Ul(jri of the noonfliioe's watr) boms.

3. The part of the drefs that furrounds the
neck.

4. To Jlip tf>e Cot LAR. To get free; to
efcape ; to difentangle hiuifelf from any
engagement or difficulty.

Vv hen, as the ape him heiid fo much to talk
Of labour, that did from his liking biulk,
He would hivt Jlift the cellar haiidfomely.

huhhcritt Tale.

5. .//Collar efBranxin, is the qaantity
bound up in one parcel.

Collar-bone. »./. [from coJlamndioiu.]
The clavicle ; the bones on each fide of
the neck.

A p.igc riding behind the coach Ml down,
bruifed his face, and broke his right (tVar-btnc.

H^ljcmiini Surgery.

To Co'llar. •». a. [from the noun.]
I . To feize by the collar j to take by the

throat.
8 . 9'e Co L L A R bnf, or other meat ; to roll

it up, and bind it liard and clofe with a

firing or collar.

7*0 COLLA'TE. v, a. [con/era, coUatam,'
Latin.]

1 . To compare one thing of the fame kind
with another.

Knowledge will be ever a wandering and Indi-
gerted thing, if it be but a commixture of a few
notions that are at hand and occur, and not ricitrd
from a fuflicienc number of inftances, and thofc
well lollaled. Bncin'i Natural lliftory.

They ciuld not relinijuilh their Judaifm, and
embrace Chrittijnity, without confidering, weigh-
ing, and ro/Z^irm; both religion;.' S<mth.

2. To collate books ; to examine if ho-
thing be wanting.

5. To bcitow ; to confer.

The figovricjnce of the facrament difpnfes the:
fpirit of the vcv:ver to admit the grace of the fpi-
lit or OoJ, tlvre conligned, exhibited, and cdhttd.

■4. With te. To place in an ecdefiaftical
benefice.

He ihruft out the invader, »nd collattJ Amfierf'
It the ben«fi«e: Luther performed the con(ccra.
tJon. Atttrbury.

If a patron (hjiU re^lea,to prefcnt »nto a bene-
fice, voM above bx ni«ntht, the bifiiop may ctllaie
tberc»B(r. Jlylifft.,

CoLLA'TBR'At. ^VffMand /«rt(/,Lati]
I. Side to fide.

In kia bright radiance and ttlUura! light
Ma« 1 be comforted, not iji his fphcre. Siaktff.

Thus ^ying, from hii raiUant feat lie rofe
Of high nOmtrnl glcry. " MUnn't Fartuliji iy?.
i, Running parallel.

3. Diffuitd on either fide.

But man by number is to matifelV
Hii- ingle imperfection ; and beset
t- 'u 01 his likr, his image mulnply'd
Au unity defective, which require!
Cfilaitral love and dcirell amity. Milt. Par. LoJI.

4. In genealogy, thofc that ftand in equal
relation to iome common anceftor.

The eftate and iehtritance of a perfon dying in- (
ieftatr, is, by right of devolution, according to the
tivil law, given to fuch Hi are allied to him tx Itttrt,
CODinionly rtyled tMaitrah, if there be no afccn-
dinu ot defctndants fiinriving at the time of his
*eath. .^lifftt Parenon.

5. Not direft ; not immediate.

They fhalJ hear ar.d judge 'twixt you and (pi ;
ll by dttedt 01 by tillatiTsI bud

COL

They finj us'toucb'd, v« will our kingdom glye
To you in fatisfaClion. Sbai^ftart.

6. Concurrent.

All the force of thf motive lies within itfelf : it
receives no ttlhtcral ftrengih from external onfi-
dciations. " yiticrbury.

Go L I. a't e r a l l y . adv. [ from ttUateral. ]

1. Side by fide.

'1 hcfe pullies may be miiltiplird according to
fundry different fitudtions, not only when they are
ftibotdinate, but alfo when tbcy are placed eiJlate-
ra/ly. mtkni.

2. Indireflly.

By aflertingthe fcripture tobe the canon of Our
faith, I have created two enemies : the papilh
more dirrdtly, becaufc tV.ey have kept tlie fcripture
from ■us ; and the fanaticks more cellttlrrjHj/, bc-
caufe they have aflumcd what amotmts to "--tn ;in-
fallibility in the private fpirit, Dryitei.

3. In collateral relation.
Colla'tion. n./. [collatit, La.t.J

1 . The acl of Conferring or beuowing j
gift.

Neither are we to give thanks alone for the firft
ctlUikn of thcfe benefits, but a'fi> for their prefer-
vation. Ray en the Cretttkn.

2. Comparifon of oBe copy, or one thing
of the fame kind, with another.

In the difquifition of truth, a ready fancy !s of
great ufe j provided that collation doth its office.
Crrw^i Cojmrlogla.
I return you your Milton, which, upon cn/Zdritn,
I find to be revifed aiid augmented in fcveral places.

Pcfe.

3. Inlaw.

Ctllatlon is the bedewing of a benefice, by the
bilhop that hath it in his own gift or patronage j.
and differs from inftitution in this, that inHitution
into a benefice is performed by the bilhop at the;
prefentatton of another who is patron, or hath the '
patron's right for the time. Cmvell. '

BiOiops fhould be placed by ctllaticn of the king
under his letters patent, without any precedent elec-
tion, or confirmation enfuing. HaywarJ.,

4. A repall ; a treat Icfs than a feaft." '
Collati'tious. a.-//', [collatltius, Lat.]!

Done by the contribution of many." '

Dia.

CoLl a'tOR.

I. One that
fciipts.

To read the tltbs they give an editor or collator
of a manufcript, you would take him for the glory
of letters. MtHJcn.

z. One who prefents to an ecclefiaiUcal
benefice. ;

A mandatory cannot interrupt an ordinary col-
latur, till a month is expired frbm the day of pre.

fentation. Ayhffe.

Te Colla'od. -v. a, [cellaujo, Lat.] To
join in praifing. Di^.

CO'LLEAGUE. »./., [colUga, Lat.] aI
partner in office or employment. An-|
cieiitly accented on the lail fyllable. I

Eafy it might be feen that 1 intend
Mercy roHeagui with juftice fending thee. Milton.

The regents, upon demife of the crown, would
keep the peace without colUagaet. Stvifi.

Ti Colle'aoue. "v. a. [from the noun.]
To unite with.

Ctlleagutd with this dream of his advantage,
He hath not fail'd to peller us with melTage,
Importing tbe furtender of thofe lands.

Sbiikeff care's Hamlet,

To COLLE'CT. -V. a. UoIUpo. colUaum,
Lat.]

I. To gather together; to bring into one
place. ,

COL

n.f. [from collate. "[
compares copies or nanu-

pre

'Til memory alone that enriehei tbe mind, bjr
iferving ifhit oar labour and induAry datly <»/•

H'fiit,

z. To draw many units, or numbers, into
one fum.

Let a man ctllcd into one fum as great a num*
bei as he pleafes, this multitude, how great fn-
cvcr, lefl'ens not ooe jot tlu: power uf adding to it>

htci*.

3- To gain by obfervation.

The rev«rent care 1 bear unto my lord.
Made me oZ/nT-thefc dangers in the dulft.

Skake'ftare't linry VI.

4. To infer as a confequence ; to gather
from premifes.

Hiw great the force of error.eoua pfrfuaSon it,
wc may ».e//riff from our Savijur's premcnition to
his difciplei. Decay of P'utf.

They conclude they can have no idea of inii-
nite fpace, becaufe they can have no idea of infi-
nite matter; which cbnfequence, I conceive, isveiV
ill crJhneil. LkIc.

5. Ta Collect himftlf. To recover from
furprife ; to gain command over his
thoughts ; to aflemble his fcntiments.

Be nlltlicd ;
No more amaiement. Shake/peart' t ttmfefi,

Aftrighted much,
I did in time enlh^ mylelt", and thought
This was fo, and no (lumber. Hbak. ff^mter'i Tale,
Profperity unexpected often maketh men care-
lefsand remifsj whereas they, who receive a wound,
become more vigilant and colleBcd. Haytutrd,

As when of old fome orator renown'd
In Athens or free Rome, wBcre eloquence
Flourifti'd, fince route, to fome great caufe ad-

drcfs'd.
Stood in himfelf colledcJ, while each part.
Motion, each aCl won audience, ere the tongue
Sometimes in height began, as no delay
Of preface breaking through his teal of right.

Miken.
Co'l l e c t. n. f. [colUaa, low Lat.] A
Ihort comprehenfive prayer, ufed at the
facrament ; any ihort prayer.

Then let your devotion be humbly to fay over
proper (olUas. Tayhr's Guide to Dewticm,

Collect A'NEOUS.tf<^'. [colUnaneus, La-
tin.] Gathered up together ; collefted ;
notes compiled from various books.

Colle'ctedlv. adv. [from cofliiied.'^
Gathered in one view at once.

The whole evolution of ages from everlafting to
rverlafting is fo ctileHedly and prefentifickly repre-
fented to God. Mere.

Colle'ctible. adj. [from colUa '\ That
which may be gathered from the pre-
mifes by juft confcquence.

Whether tticreby be meant Euphrates, is rot
colUliible from the following wnrds.

Bn-wn'i l^ujfrar Emurt.

Colle'ctiom. It. /. [{torn colUil.']

1. The aft of gathering together.

2. An affcmblage ; the things gathered.

No perjur'd knight defires to quit thy arms,
Faireft ciilrfticn of thy lex's charms. Pricr.

The gallery is hung with a colleiliin of pictures*

Addijon.

3. The aft of deducing confequences ; ra-
tiocination ; difcourfe. This fenfe is
now^carce in ufe.

If once we defcend unto probable cj/iiMmt, we
are then in the territory where free and arbitrary
determiiMtions, the territory where human laws
lake place. //«oj(rr!

Thoumalt not peep thro' lattices of eyes.
Nor hear thro' labyrinths of ears, nor learn
By circuit or (tlleaittti to difcem. Dtiint

4. A

cor,

4. A corollary ; a confeaary deduced from
premifes ; dedudlion ; confequence.

It (hould be a weak ccliecihr. If whereas we fay,
that when Chrift had overco.TC the ftarpnefs of
death he then open. ' the ki. gdom ot heaven to
a;l Mievers i a thing in fueh fort affirmed with
circuraftances, were taken as infinuatine an op.
pofite denial before that circumftmce be aecorn-
P''*"*- Ihohr.

- ■ . This Ubel

Is fo from fenfe and ha.-dnefs, that I can
Make mcolleahn of it. Shakcfpiart, Cymier.r^.

When (he, from fundryar s, one {kill d ,th draw:
Oath ring, from divers tights, one afl of war j

From many csfes like, one tale of law :
The.* her coJ/tfihns, no: the fenfcs are. Daviis.

CoLLECTi'TJOfs. a^j. [colUattius, Lat.l

oathered up.
CoLLE'cTivE. ff,^-. Ifrom celUa ; nlkaif,

French.]
I. Gathered into one mafs ; aggregated •
accumulative. '

A body cilUliivt, it contaJneth a huge multi-
tude. // «i

., '^'?*.,'''"^* '""■■"" ofgovemment differ only by
the civil adminiftration being in the hands of one
or two, called kings; in a fenate, called the nobles ;
or in the people cJUai-ve or repreftntative, who
may be called the commons. Stuift

The difference between a compound and a «/-'
cl't" "' '*"'"' ' compound idea unites things
of a different kind ; but a c>U,ai-ve idea, things of
the fame. If,,..', r • ,

Z. fcmployed m deducing confequences :
argumentative.

Am;,iity left many falfitie, controulable not

3. [In grammar.] A colUai-ve noun is a
word which expreffes a multitude, though
itfelf be Angular ; as a company ; an army.

Colle'ctively. ai/a/. [from colkai'viA
In a general mafs ; in a body ; not fing-
Jy ; not numbered by individuals ; in
the aggregate ; accumulatively; taken
together ; in a Hate of combination or
anion.

Although we cannot be free from all (in «/.
I^ruth,, in fuch fort that no part thereof (hall be
found in us, yet dilbibotively all great aftual of-
fences, as they offer themfelves one by one, both
»^ anJ ousht to be by all means avoided. Hi.oi,r.

Singly and apart many of them are fubjeft to
•icfption, ytt r<V,iflk«^ they make u. a good mo.
nl evidence. ,. ,

The other part of the water was condenfed" a't
the furface of the earth, and fent frnxticiJUdhnh
•oto ftantfug fpringt and rivers.

Woodwari'i Natural Hijiory.

COLLt'cTOR. «. / [colIiaor.L^nn.]

1. A gatherer; he that coUcfts fcattered
things together.

2. A compiler ; one that gathers fcattered
pieces into one book.

1 he grandfather might be the firli „//eB,r of

tt.tm into a body. Hai., C,mm,„ L.10 ,fEn^!a„d.

Volumes without the c<,lI,aor\ own rcflcftions.

The beft Engli(h hiltorian, when his mft/Z',
intiquatrd, will be only confidered as a tedious
telaler of faOs, and perhaps confulted to furnifh
materials for fome future colltflor. Siuift

3. A tax-gatherer; a man employed iii
levying duties or tributes.

)av,(hed, and .eafted away by »lUa„„ and othe?

The comrnifTions of the revenue are difpofe/r.f!
Md the nlUawi are appoiated by tU comm.f
■*""* Sviifi. j

COL

\

C O L

A?! I"""- "V A [/'■°'» "' am! Co'cM FLOWER. ,./ [J!os ir^r^c* .. from

fw fn' ^.^^g^^>'• Latin ] In the civil cap!. S..x. cabbage, and JlLer pn,"

Z:^r -l '° "''^°"' '' ^'^\^ ^'^^'y '" r, P"'y ^-"^-^er.fA fpedes of cabbage,

common with one or more otlier perfoas. Colliga'tion. „./. [colligath Lat ] A

Chambers,
^lum, Latin ]

CO'LLEGE. /,./ [collegi,

1. A confmunity ; a number of pcrfons
living by fome common rules.

On barbed (leeds they rode in prouJ array,
Th:ck as thtcdUgt of the bees in May. bryj,„.

2. A fociety of men fet apart for learning,
or religion.

He is return'd with his opinions,
Gather'd from all the fam.ius coUegct
Aimoft in Chriftcndom. Shaktjtutre, llairyVlXl.

I would the ccUcgi of the cardinals
Would chufe hiin pope, and catry him to Rome.

_,. , , . Sbaiefpeare.

1 his order or fociety is fometimes called Solo-
mon s houfe, and fometimes the alkre of the (ix
day s work. n

'ru L r • Bacon.

\. ine houfe tn which the collegians re-
nde.
Huldah the prophetefs dwelt in Jerufalem in the
A II • /• Kings,

4. A college, in foreign univerfities, is a
leaure read in publick.

Colle'gial. aJj. [ivoia college.-] Relat-
ing to a college ; pofleffed by a college.

Colle'cian. ,./ [from college.] An in-
habitant of a college ; a memter of a
college.

Colle'ciate. adj.{colUgiatus, low La-
tin.]

1. Containing a college; inftituted after
the manner of a college.

I wi(h that yourfelves did well confider how op.
polite certain of your pofitions are unto the ftate
ot colUguui: focietiea, whereanthe t\vo univerfuics

2. A collegiate charch. was fuch as was built
at a convenient diftance from a cathedral
church, wherein a number of pre/byters
were fettled, and lived together in one
congregation.' Jyliffe', Partrgon.

Colle'ciate. ». / [from collegtA A
member of a coUege j a man bred in a
college ; an univerfjty man.

Thefe are a kind of empiricks in poetry, who

hive got a receipt to pleafe; and no clUgM, like

them, for purging the paffions. Jty„,^

Co'llet. n.f. [Fr. from eollum, Lat. the

neck.]

1. Anciently fomething that went about
the neck ; fometimes the neck.

2. That part of a ring in which the llonc
IS fet.

3- A term ufed by turners.
ToQoi.i.xr>z, -v. a. [colliJo, Lat.] To

ftnke agamft each other ; to beat, to

dalh, to knock together.

I Scintillations are not the accen{ion Sf air upon

coll.fion but inflammable e(Buencie« from the bo-
dies collidii. „

Co I. L I E R . /r. / [from coal.]

1. A digger of coali; one that works in
the coal-pits.

2. A coal-merchant ; a dealer in coals.

1 knew a nobleman a great grafier, a great tim-
• b«rman.agreat«/&r, and agrcat landman. Bacon.

3. A ihip that carries coah.
Co'r.LiERY. n.f. [from«///>r.]

1 . The place where coals arc dug.

2. The coal trade.

Colliga'ti

binding together.

Thofe the midwife contriveth into a knot,

whence that tortuofity or nodofity in the navel

ocean )ncd by the coiligMan <if veffels. «

„ , 13r-,iuni Vulvar Ernun.

COLLIMA TiON.«./. [from foZ/Z/w, Lat.]

1 he aft of aiming at a mark ; aim. DUi.

Collinea'tion.w./ [fo//w<7, Lat.] Ti.e

act of aiming.
Co'LLKy/ABLE. adj. [from ceHijuafe.']
Lafily diflblved; liable to be melted.

The tender confiftence renders it the more rs/.
hqu.-.bk and confumptive. Har'vij on Corifumptiort.
Colli c^ament. n.^. [from colliquate.l
The fubftance to which any thing is re-
duced by being melted.
Co'lliquant. adj. [from colli juatel]
Thn.t which has the power of melting or
diffolving.
To CO'LLIQUATE. -v. a. [colli jueo. La-
tin.] To melt ; to diifolve j to turn from
folid to fluid.

The fire meltc-d the gljfs. that made a grdat
ftew, after what was coW^uaial had been removed
from the (ire. BiaU,

The fat of the kidneys ii apt to te coUiquareJ
through a great heat from within, and an ardent
colliquative fever. /f„„.fy o„ Cor,fumfiio«,.

ioyo LLity/ATE. 0/. n. To melti to be
diffolved.

Ice will diffolve in (ire, and coHiauate In water

or warm oils. Bro^u/,', r„!g„r Erro„r,.

Colliqj^-a'tion. n.f. [colliquatio, Lat.]

The ad of melting.

Ghfs may be made by the bare cMquation of

the f.i.t and earth remaining in the alhes of aburnt

L- L , Boyle

^rom them proceed rarefaftion,f3//;yM/;5,,con-

cottioo, maturation, an4 moft effefts of nature.

Bacon's Natural Hijlcrf.

Such a temjoerament or difpofition of
the animal fluids as proceeds from a lax
compages, and wherein they flow off
through the fecretory glands fafler than
they ought. ^incy.

Any kmd of univerfal diminution and colliqua-
tkn of^the body. Harwey on Conjumpihnu

C o L Lj <^u A T 1 V E . adj. [ from colli quote. \

Melting; diflblvent. ■*

A colliquative fever is fush as is attended witfc

a diarrhaa, ot fwcats, from too lu > contexture

of the fluids. «J^,;

Jt 13 a confe^uent of a burning colUquateie fe-
ver, whereby the humours, far, and (ie(h of the
body are melted. ^«r,r«..

C0LLr«MjEPA CTION. «. / [colllfuefacio.
Latin.] The aft of melting together ;
redu«ion to one mafj^by fluxion in the
fire.

After the Incorporation of metals by (imple «///.

futfaffk.11, for the better difcovering of the nature

and confcnts and diffcats of morals. It would be

tried by incorporating of their diffolutions.

^ , Bac(.,-! Phyfical Remaini.

COLLI siON. »./ [from «//iy&. Latin.]
». Theadt of ftriking two bodies togetlier.

Or, by coltifion of two bodies, grind

The air attrite to (ire. nTJton'i Paradife Lojt.

The flint and the (tecl you may move apart as

long a« you pleafe ; but it is the hitting and colli.

fion of them that muft make them ftrike lire.

rry-t rt Bentltym

2. The ftate of being ilruck together; a

ThtD

COL ^

Then f(om the dalhes fcct«ern popei and kings,
Debate^ like fparks from flint's ctltijlsti, fprir.gj.

Dcnbam.

The devil rometiines borrowed fite from the
altar to conlume the votaries j and, by tlie mutual
tcl.'tfijr. of well-meant zcaj, fet even orthod ix
Cliii iiins in a flame. Deaiy ofP'iciy.

To COXLOCATE. -v. a. [.e//9«, Latin.]
To place ; to ftacion.

If you dcfirc to f«i>erinducc any virtue upon a
^ifrfon, take the creature in which that virtue is
moft eminent: of that cieature take the part
wherein th^t virtue is coHteatt. Baan.

Colloca'tion. h. /. [fe//affl/»«, Latin.]

1. Tl»« aft of placing ; tiirpofitioii.

2. The Hate of being placed.

In the cdhiaikn of the fpirits in bodies, the cil-
IlcoW" is equjl or unequal j and the fpirits coiccr-
vate or diffufcd. Bacm

Collocu'tion, h. f. [collocutio, Latin.]

Conference ; converfation.
To CoLLo'cuE. I', n. [probably from col-

/o^Kor, Latin.] To wheedle; to flatter ;

to plcale with kind words. A low word.
Co'llop. n. f. [It is derived by Minjhc'w

from coal and op, a rafher broiled upon

the coals ; a carbonade.]

1 . A fjnall (lice of meat.

Sweetbread and colhfs w.re with fkewers pritk'd
About the fides. Dryden't FabUt.

A coak perhaps has mighty things profefs'd ;
Then fcnt up but two dUhes nicely drcftj
What fignifies Scotch rc/A/s ta a feall ?

Khig's Cookery,

2. A piece of any animal.

The lion is upon his death-bed : not an enemy
that does not apply for a co/Uf of h*m. L'Efirangc.

3- In burlefque language, a child.

Come, Sir page.
Look on me with yourwelkin eye, fwect villain,
Moft dear'ft, my it!:ef. Shjh/f eyre's Homier' i Talc.

Thou art a coU')p of my flefli.
And for thy fake I have (hed many a tear.

Sbaiefpeare* i Henry VI.

Co L L o'cju I A L . a^'. [ from (■o//oy»y.]What-
ever relates to common converfation.

Co'LLOqjjy. n. /. [coJ/ojuium, Latin.]
Conference ; converfation ; alternate
difcourfe ; talk.

My earthly, by hiii heav'nly over-power'd.
In that c^lciiial eot'^^uy fublime.
As with an ohjeft that excels the fenfe,
Pazaled, and fjient.funk do.vn. Mtlnn's Par. LoJ!.

bt retirement make frequent collijuies, or fliort
difcourfing«,betwenG<d and thyown Uml.'Tay/cr.

Co'Lt.ow. >$./. [More properly ce/fy, from
coal. ]

Collovi is the word by whicli they denote black
grimeof burnt coals, or wood, fycidicard on lajph.
Collu'ctancy'. n. f. [iclluilor, Lat.]
A tendency to contell ; oppofition of na-
ture.
Collucta'tion. ». /. [colluaalh, Lat.]
Con tell ; ftruggle ; contrariety ; oppofi-
tion ; fpite.

Tiie tiierma;, r.atural baths, or hot fprings, do
not ewe their heat to any cdlueialion or effervef-
cenceaf the minerals in tliem.

ffocdtvard't Natural Hi/lory.

To COLLUDE, -v. n. [coltudo, Lat.] To
confpire in a fraud ; to aft in concert ;
to play into the hand of each other.

CcLl.i;'«iON. n./. [collujio. Latin.]

CUlafiim it, in our common law, a deceitful
agreement or compad between two or more, far
the one part to bring an aftion agaiiift the other to
fome evil pjiriwfe ; as to ddrc atbird of his
^V't" CtweU.

i

COL

By the ignorance of the merchants, or diAonefty
of weavers, or the collufion of both, the ware wa
bad, and the pr.ce excelfive. Swift.

CoLLu'sivE. aJj. [from colluilt.] Fraudu-
lently concerted.

CoLLu'sifELv. aJ'v. [from colltijt've.l In
a manner fraudulently concerted.

CoLLu'soRY. adj. [from fe//aA, Latin.]
Carrying on a fra^id by fecret concert.

Co'lly. n. /. [from ««/.] The fmut of
coal.

Suppofc thou faw her dreflcd in fomc old hlr-

futc aitii^, out of fafiiion, coarfe raiment, be-

fmcared with foot, eoUy, perfumed with opoponax.

Burton fin Melancholy.

To CoLLY. i;. <T. To grime with coal ; to
fmut with coal.

Biief as the lightning in the cdHed night.
That, in a fpcen, unfolds borh heav'n and earth ;
And, ere a man hath pow'r to fay, behold.
The jaws of darkncfs do devour it up. ShaMf.

CQlLrRWM.n.f. [Latin.] Anointment
for the eyes.

CO'LMAR. n.f. [Fr.] A fort of pear.

Co'locn Earth, n.f. Is a deep brown,
very light baftard ochre, which is no
pure native foflil ; but contains more
vegetable than mineral matter, and
owes its origin to the remains of wood
long buried in the earth. Hill on Foffils.

Co LON. n.f. [y.uXot, a member.'\

1. A point [:] ufed to mark a paufe greater
than that of a comma, and lefs than that
of a period. Its ufe is not very exaftly
fixed; nor is it very neceflary, being
confounded by moft with the femicolon.
It was ufed, before punftuation was re-
fined, to mark almoft any fenfe lefs than
a period. To apply it properly, we
ihould place it, perhaps, only where the
fenfe is continued without dependence
of grammar or conftruftion ; as, / lo've
him, I defpife htm : I ha've long ceafed to
trufi, but fhall never forbear to fuccour
him.

2. The greateft and wideft of all the in-
teftines, about eight or nine hands
breadth long. It begins where the ilium
ends, in the cavity of the os ilium on
the right fide ; from thence afcending
by the kidney on the fame fide, n pafles
under the concave fide of the liver, to

. which it is fometimes tied, as likewife
to the gall-bladder, which tinges it yel-
low in that place : then it runs under the
bottom of the ftomach to the fpleen in
the left fide, to which it is alfo knit ;
from thence it turns down to the left
kidney ; and thence pafling, in form of
an S, it terminates at the upper p.art of
the 03 facrum in the reftum. l^incy.

Now, by your cruelty hjid bo'ind,
1 drain my guts, my fo/c« wound. Siojfi.
The contents of the co/cn arc of a four, fend,
acid fmell in rabbits. Flyer on the Humoun.

CO'LONEL. n. f. [of uncertain etymo-
logy. W/«wfr imagines it originally co-
lonialis, the leader of a colony. Miitpeiv
deduces it from colonna, a pillar : i%,
patrier columen ; exercitus columsn. Each
is plaulible.] The chief commander of a
reginjent ; a field officer of the highcft
rank, next to the geiieral officers. It is

COL

now generally founded with only tAV
diftinft fyllables, col'nel.

The chiefeft help muft be the cart of the rc/c-
m/, that hath the government of all his garrifon.
Spenjir in JrttiUld*

Captain or tolontl, or knight in atm>,
Whofe chance on thefe dcfcncelels doors may fein'.
If deed of honour did thee ever pleafc.
Guard them, and him within protect from hanhi.

Milton.
Co'LotJELSHiP. n.f. [from cclonel.l The
oflice or charafter of colonel.

While he continued a fubal^'m, he complained
againft the pride of colonels towards ihrir officers,
yet, in a few minutes after he had received his
commiflion for a regiment, he confefleJ fhat r«/c-
r.eipnf was coming laft upon him. Stvifi^

To IZo'tosize. -v. a. [from ro/«»>i.] To
plant vyith inhabitants ; to fettle witk
new planters ; to plant with colonies.

There was never an hand drawn, that did double
the relt of the habitable world, before this ; f jr fo
a man may truly term it, if he (hall put to account
as well that that is, as that which may be heic-
aftcr, by the farther occupation and cohnixing of
thofe countries : and yet it cannot be affirmed, if
one I'peak ingenuoufiy, that it was the propagation
of the Chriftian faith that was the adamant of that
difcovcry, entry, and plantntion ; but gold and
filvcr, and temporal profit and glory ; fo that what
was firll in God's providence, was but fccond in
man's appetite and intention. Bacon's H^/y H^ar,

Druina hath advantage by acqueft of illands,
which (he colonixeth and fortilieth daily.

Hoivel's i^ocal Forejf.

Colonna'de. «. / [from M/<wn<», Ital. a
column.]

1 . A periftyle of a circular figure ; or a fe-
ries of columns difpofed in a circle, and
infulated within fide. Builder's Di3.

Here circling colonn/tdct the ground incIofe«
And here the marble (lataes breathe in rows,

Addihtu

2. Any feries or range of pillars.

For you my colonnades extend their wings. Pope*
COXONY. n.f [colonia, Latin.]

1. A body of people drawn from tlie mo-
ther-country to inhabit fome diftant
place.

To thefe new inhabitants iind nlon'us he gavAthe
I^me law under which they were born and bred.

Sferftr in Ireland.

Rooting out thefe two rebellious fepts, he placed
En^jlidi ci'jnics in their rooms. Daviei on Irclar.d,

Ofiris, or the Bacchus of. the ancients, isi re-
ported to h.nve civilized the Indi.in>, planting.co/^-
ni'rt, and building cities. A'kutirot en Coins.

2. The country planted ; a plantation;

The riling city, which from far you fee.
Is Carthage, and a Tyriao cohry. Dry Jen's Hrgil,
Co' L 0 p H o N y . n.f. [ from Colophon, a city
whence it came.] Rofin.

Of Venetian turpentine, (lowly evaporating
about a fourth or fifth part, the remaining fub-
(tance fufjirred to cool, would afl'ord m; acolicrcnt
body, or a fine eokphmy. Boy/e,

Turpentines and oils leave a colophony, upon a
feparation of their thinner oil.

^ Fhyer en tie Humours.

C0L0<y;i NTEDA. n.f [eolocynthit, Lat.
x<j^o'«!,>9t?.] The fruit of a plant of the
fame name, brought from the Levant,
about the bignefs of a large orange, and
often called bitter apple. Both the feed
and pulp are intolerably bitter. It is a
violent purgative, of confiderable ufe in
"pedicine. Chambers.

Co'lorate. adj. [coloratus, Lat.] Co-
loured ; dyed ; marked gr ilained with
fomc colour.

Had

COL

COL

COL

Had the tuniclej and humours of the eye keen
alarete, many rays from vifiWe objtas would have
been ttopt. Ray-

Colo ra't ION. n.f. {cokro, Latin.]

1. The art or pra(3*':e of colouring.

Some bodies have a more departable nature than
others, as is evident in ccloitiihtt ; lor a fmali
quantity of fafiron will tinft more than a great
quantity of brali^ Buccn,

2. The ftate of being coloured.

Amongft curiontici I Ihall place eohratr.7:,
though fomcwhat better; for beauty in flowers is
their prehcminence. Bac:,r's!Jar. I{:Jl.

Colori'fick. aefj. [colorificus, Latin.]
That which has the power of producing
dyes, tints, colours, or hues.

In tliis compofition of white, the feveral rays

do not fulfer any change in their coUr}Ji*k qualities

by a£ling upon one another j but are only mixed,

and by a mixture of tjieir colours produce white.

N^tvt'.n'i Oftkti.

COLO'SSE. "in./. Icohjfus, L^un.] A
COLO'SSUS. j ftatue ot enormous mag-
nitude.

Not to mention the walls and prilace of Baby-
lon, the pyiamids of Egypt, or alcjji of Rhodes.

ToB/Vir.

There huge col^jfus rofe, with trophies crown'd.
And tun'clc charaClers were gravM around. Pepe,

CoLOsss.' At!. aJJ. [coloJ/etitiLat.] Inform
of a colofliis ; of the height and bignefs
of fuch a Aatue ; giantlike.

CO'LOUR. »./. [color, Latin.]

1. The appearance of bodies to the eye
only ; hue ; dye.

It is a vulgar idea of the cchurt of folid bodies,
when we perceive them to be a red, or blue, or
green tincture of the furface ; but a philofnphical
idea, when we confider the various calotirt to be
dilFerent fenfations, excited in us by the refract-
ed rays of light, tcftcfted on our eyes in a different
manner, veording to the different fize, or Ihape,
or fituation of the particles of which furfaces are
compofed. tVadt.

Her hair fhall be of what cijair it pleafe Cod.

Sbakeffeare.

For though our eyes can nought but cbkun fee.
Yet ctJcuri give chcm not their pow'r of fight.

Da'viti.

The lights of eotwn are more refrangible one
than another in this order; red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo, deep violet. Kniim'i Otliiit.

2. The frelhneli, or appearance of blood
in the face.

Mycheetcsno longer did rheir nXiirr boaft. Dryti.
A fudden horror feixM his gidHy head,
Atd his eirs trickled, and his aUur fled, VrjJen.

3. The tint of the painter.

When each bold figure jud begins to live.
The Ireach'rous aisun the fair art betray,
Ard a^l the bright creation fades away. Pcftt.

4. The reprefcntation of any thing fuper-
iicially examined.

Their wildom is only of this world, to put falfe
cotytiri upon things, to call good evil, and evil good,
againit the conviction of their own confciences.

Swifi.

5. Concealment ; palliation ; excufe ; fu-
perficial cover.

It is no matter if I do halt; I have the wars f)r
my tttt-ur, and my ptnfion (hall f em the mnre
reafonable. Sb^kcffurtt licmjlV,

Their An admitted no (cUur or excufe,

Kin^ Chariot.

6. Appearance ; pretence ; falfe (liew.

Under \.\\K£dour of c^mmcndtng him, ,

I have acccfs my own I'jvc to prefer. Sii^ikjftart.

Merchants came to Kho.Jcs with a great (hip
kdcd with corn; under the rd/our of the fale where-
of, tb«y B&ted all that was done in the city.

KmiUn't Htjf-.ty of the 7iirh.

7. KHiJ ; fpecles ; charader.

Boys and women are, for the mort part, cattle of
this C'Jcur, akaktjpeari i As you like /'.

8. In the plural, a ftandard ; an enfign of
war : they fay the ctlours of the foot, and

Jiandard of the horfe.

He at Venice gave
His body to that pleufant country's earth.
And his pure foul un 0 his captain Chrift,
Under whofe colcurs he had fought fo long.

Staiejfcarv's Rhtanl II.

A^ainft all checks, rebukes, and manners,
I mutt advance the colours of my love.
And n.<t retire. Shaitfp, Mtrry H^ives offVlmlfor.

The banks were filled with compapies, pafTing
all along the river under their cohurs, with tium-
pets founding. Kttollcs,

9. Colours is ufed fingularly by Adiiifon.

An author compares a lagged coin to a tiittered
(ahurs, Addljcn.

To Co'lour. 1). a. [colore, Latin ]

1. To mark with fome hue, or dye.

The rays, to fpeak properly, are not coIaut-eH :
in them there is nothing elfe than a certain powrr
and difpolition to ftir up a fenfation of this or that
colour. X^'nclan's Oflicis.

2. To palliate ; to excufe ; to drefs in fpe-
cious colours, or fair appearances.

I told him, that I would not favour or (oUur in
any fort his former folly. Raleigh's Ejjiiyj*

He cchurs the falfehood ofi^neas by an exprefs
command from Jupiter to forfake the queen.

Drydm'i Dedkat. jSneiil.

3. To make plauiibie.

We have fcarce heard of an infurreflion that
was not cukurci with grievances of the highelt
kind, or countenanced by one or more bAnchcs of
the legiflature. AiMjm's Frtikildir.

4. To Colour a Jiranger'' s goods, is when
a freeman allows a foreigner to enter
goods at the Cuftom Houfe in his name ;
fo that the foreigner pays but fingle
duty, when he ought to pay double.

Phillips.
To Co'lou R. 11. n. To blu(h. A low word,

only ufed in converfatioii.
Co'lour ABLE. adj. [from colour.'\ Spe-
cious ; plauiibie. It is now little ufed.

They have now a cvlourahU pretence to wirh-

fland innovations, having accepted of other laws

and rules already. Sf/rtfer,

They were glad to lay hold on fo eolourabli: a

matter, and to traduce him as aa author of (uipi-

ciouft innovation. Hooker.

Had I facrificed ecdefiallical government and

revenues to their covetoufnefs and ambition, they

would have found no cohurahle nccefTity of an

army. King Charles.

We hope the mercy of God will confider us unt)

fome mineration of our offences ; yet had not the

fmceriiy of our parents fo eokuralle expectations.

Br'/:vns yulgnr Errouri.

Co' LOUR ABLY. adv. [from ccilottrai'lc]
Spccioufly ; plaufibly.

The procels, how fic er co/wrai^ awarded, hath
not hit the very mark whereat it was diiefVrd.

Haccn.
Co'lou R e d. participial adj. [from colo7ir.'\
Streaked; diverfified with variety of
hues.

The tolured arc coarfer juiced, and therefore
not fu Weil and e()uaUy coocoCted.

Bacon s Natural }lifiory.

Co'louring. n.f. [from colour.^ The

part of' the painter's art that teaches to

lay on his colours with propriety and

beauty.

But as the flighted /ketch, if juCly trac'd.
Is by ill colouring but the more difgrac'd ;
So by faliie iearnlng it good itab ilef4c'd. Pofe.

Co'lourist. rt./. [from coloi/r.'] A paltt*
tcr who excels in giving the proper co*
lours to his defigns.

Titian, Paul^Veronefe, Van Dyck, and the reft

of the good colcurijls, have cume neaiclt to nature.

Dryden's Dufrrftioy,

Co'lourless. fl<^". [from colour.'^ With-
out colour ; not dillinguifhed by any
hue ; tranfparent.

Tranfparcnt fubrtancc^, as glafs, water, and air,
when made very tiiin by being blown into bubbles,
or otherways formed into plates, exhibit various
colours, according to their various thinnefs ; al*
though, at a greater thiclcnefs, they appear very
clear and cohurlej<. Ncvjtr.ns Opticks*

Pellucid colourlifs glafs or water, by being beaten-
into a po\^'der or froth, do acquire a very intenfe
whitenefs. Bentley,

COLT. »./ [coir, Saxon.]'

1 . A young horfe : ufed commonly for the
male offspring of a horfe, as foal for the
female.

The c'Jt hath about four years of growth, and
fo the fawn, and fu the calf. Bacon's Nat. Hiflory,

Like colts or unmanaged horfes, we Itart at dead-
bones and lilclefs blocks. Taylor's HJy Living,-

Xo fports, but what belong to .var, they know j-
To break the Itubborn colt, to ben»I the bow.

Vryden'i JEticift,

2, A young fooliih fellow.

Ay, tiiat 's a colt, indeed ; for hf doth nothing
but talk of his horfe. Shakefp. Merchant of f^inice.

To Colt. t. ». [from the noun.] To friflc^
to be licentious ; to run at large without
rule ; to riot ; to frolick.

As foon as they vv-ere out of fight by themfelVes*
they Hiook off their bridles, and began to colt anew
more licentioufly than before.

Sfcnfer's State of Ireland.

To Colt. 'v.a. To befool.

What a plague mean ye, to colt me thus ?

SLakrJpean's Henry IV.

CoLTS-FOOT. n.f. \tufftlago ; from colt
and foot.] It hath a radiated flower,
whole diik confills of many florets, but
the crown compofed of many half florets-:
the embryos are inclitded in a multifid
flowercup, which turns to downy feeds
fixed in a bed. Miller.

CoLTS-TOOT H. ?t,f. [from coll and tooth.l

1. An impcrfeft or fupetfluous tooth in-
young horft's.

z. A IbVe of youthful pleafure ; a difpoii-
tion to the pradllces of youth.

We 1 faid, lord Sands ;
Your colts-tooth is not call yet ?— •-
— No, my lord ; nor fliall n»t, while I have a

flump. Sbakcfpeare.

Co'lter. n.f. [culrop. Sax. culter, Lat.]
The (harp iron of a plough that cuts the
ground perpendicularly to the (hare.

Co'tTisH. rt<^'. [from «//.] Having the
tricks of a colt ; wanton.

'Co'lubrine. aij. [fo/a^rj'ffB/,. Latin..],

,1. Relating to a ferpcnt.

2. Cunning; crafty.

Co'lumbary. n.f. [columbarium, ItSX-V
■ A.dovecot ; a pigcoa-houfe.

The eaiili <>( cohtttibtirics, or d.iveUoules, is much
' dcfired in the artifice of faltpetre.

Broken s l^ulgar Errours.
Co'lumbine. H.y; [colitm/>ina, Litm ] A-
plant with leaves like thc-meadOw rue.

Miller.

Co'.urrhines are of feveral forts and colour'.. They

Powei; ill the cod of May, when few other flowers

fhcv\', Iftrlimer. ■

Co'LvMBINC^.

COM

Co't. UMUIKE. »f.y; [celumlinut, hxt.'\ A
kind of violet colour, or chango^ble
dove colour. ^Diii.

CO'LUMN. »./. [columiia, Latin.]

1 . A round pillar.

Some of the old Creek cclumtn, and altarti
were brought from the ruins of Apollo':> temple at
Dilot* Piacbam,

Round broken rc/uwffj clafping ivy twin'd. ¥^'

2. Any body of certain dimenfions prciTing
vertically upon its bale.

The whole weight of any cilumn of the atmo.
fphere, and likewife the fpecifick gravity of its
bafi;, are certainly known by many experiracnis.

Beiitliy.

3. [In the military art.] The long file or
row of troops, or of baggage, of an army
in its inarch. An army marches in one,
two, three, or more columns, according
as the ground will allow.

4. [With printers.] A column is half a
page, when divided into two equal parts
by a line palling through the middle,
from the top to the bottom ; and, by
feveral parallel lines, pages are often
divided into three or more columns.

Colu'mnar. \'"0' [frojn column.'\

Column a'ri AN. 5 Formed in columns.

White co^miur fpar out of a flone-pit.

IVcsdviard tn Fc/fh.

Colu'res. »,_/; [«/«r»', Latin ; xoXotjo*.]

Two great circles fuppofed to pafs through the
poles of the world : one through the enuinoftial
points, Aries and Libra; the other through the
folftitiil points. Cancer and Capricorn. They are
called the equinoctial and folftjtial colurci, and di-
vide the ecliptick into four equal parts. The
points where (bey interfcdl the ecliptick are called
the cardinal points. Harris.

Tlirice the equinoAial line
He circled ; four times crcfs'd the car of night
Fmm pole to pole, traverfing each cefure* Afi/foft*

CO'MA. n./. [xuiJta.] A morbid difpo-
fition to fleep ; a lethargy.

Co'mart. n./. This word, which I have
only met with in one place, feems to
fignify treaty ; article ; from etn, and
mart, or market.

By the fame eunart,
And carriage of the articles delign'd.
His fell to Hamlet. Shaiefpeart's Hamltt,

Co'mate. It./, [coa and mate.\ Compa-
nion.

My ccmaus and brother^ in eiile.

Sbakejpeari^i As you like it.

Comato'se. aJj. [from toma.'] Lethar-
gick ; fleepy to a difeafe.

Our beft caltor is from Ruflia ; the great and
principal ufe wheieof, is in hyfttricil and comatojc
cafes, Gre^\

COMB in the end, and Comp in the be-
ginning of names, feera to be derived
from the Britifh kum, which fignifies a
low fituation. GiLfon't Camden.

Comb, iw Cornijh, fignifies a -vaZ/fy, and
had the fame meaning anciently in the
French tongue.
COMB. »./ [camb. Saxon; *<?«, Dut.]
I. An inlbument to feparate and adjuil
the hair.

By fair L'gea't goldeh eomi.

Wherewith flie fits on diamond rocks.

Sleeking herfoft allur'ng locks. Milttir.

I mad a:', in'lr.imcat in falhion of a comh,

«h >fe teeh being in number fixteen, were about

an inch and a half br ,ad, and the intervals of the

ttetii about two iacbss wide< NnvHu.

COM

2. The top or creft of a cock, fo called
from its peftinated indentures.

Cocks have great ccmts and fpurs, hens little or
none. Bacon.

High was his comi, and coral red withal,
Wlih dent5 embattled like a ciftle-wall. DryJin.

3. The cavities in which the bees lodge
their honey. Perhaps from the fame
word which makes the termination of
towns, and fignifies holltnu or dee^.

This in affairs of Hate,
Employ'd at home, abiJes within the gate.
To fortify the ccxh, to build the wall,
To prop the ruins, Icll the fabrick fail.

■ DryJa's yir^il.

Ti Comb. 1/. a. [from the noun.]

1. To divide, and clean, and adjuft the
hair with a comb.

Hei care (hall be
To comb your noddle with a three-Iegg'd ftool.

Sbateffcare.

Divers with us, that are grown grey, and yet

would appear young, find means to make their hair

black, by camhing it, as they fay, with a leaden

comb, or the like. Bacon.

She with ribbons tied
His tender neck, and comb'd his filken hide.

Drydn's JE,r.cid.

There was a fort of engine, from which were

extended twenty long poles, wherewith the i^an-

mountain combs his head. Siuift.

2. To lay any thing confiding of filaments
fmooth, by drawing through narrow in-
terftices ; as, to comh luool.

CoMB-BRUSH. n./. [comi and irufi."] A

brulh to clean combs.
CoMB-MAKER. >t. f. \comb and maker.'\

One whofe trade is to make combs.

This wood is of ufe for the turner, engraver,
carver, and comb-maker. Mortimer's Hujhandry.

To CO'MBAT. -V. n. [combattre, Fr.]
I. To fight : generally in aduel, or hand
to hand.
Pardon me, I will not combat in my Ihirt.

Shakeffeare.

a. To a£l in oppofition, as the acid and
alkali combat.

Two planets rulhing from afpe^ malign
Of fiercell oppofuion in mid Iky,
Should combat, and their jarring fpberes confound.

Milton.

To Co'mbat. v. a. Tooppofe ; to fight.
Their opprellbrs have changed the fcene, and
combated the opinions in their true Hiape.

Decay of Piety.
Love yields at lail, thus combated by pride,
And fhe fubmitt to be the Roman's bride.

Grayiniille.

Co'mbat. »./. [from the verb.] Conteft ;
battle J duel ; Arife ; oppofitiun : gene-
rally between two, but fometimes it is
ufed for battle.

Thofc regions were full both of cruel monfters
and monftrous men j all which, by private combats,
they delivered the countries of. Sidney.

The noble combat that, 'twixt joy and furrow,
was fought in Paulina ! She had one eye declined
for the lofs of her hulband, another elevated that
the oracle was fulfilled. Sbakefpeare,

The ccmbat now by courage roufl be tried. Drjd.

Co'mbatant. n. f, [cemiattant. Ft.]
I. He that fights with another ; duelliA ;
antagonid in arms.

So frown'd the mighiv combatant, that hell
Grew darker at their frown. Miltin's Par. LJi.

Who, fingle combatant,
DuelM their armies rankM in proud array,
Himfelf an army. Afiltcn't Jlgonj/les.

COM

He with hit fword unflieath'd, on pain of life,
Commaadt both combatants to ceaie their ftrife.

Dryden.

Like defpairing combatants they ftrive againft
you, as if they had beheld unveiled the magical
ihicld of ArioftO) which dozslcd the behoUers with
too much brightnefs. Dryden.

2. A champion.

Whea any of thofe combatants ftrips his tcrmi
of ambiguity, I (hall think him a champion fn
knowledge. Lt^cke*

3. With /ar before the thing defended.

Men become combatant i for thofe opin-ons. Locke,
Co'.viBER. n. /. [itom comb.'] He whofv
trade it is to difentangle wool, and lajr
it fmooth for the fpinner.
Co'mbinate. <i<^'. [hom combitic] Be-
trothed ; promifed ; fettled by compaft.
A word of Shakefftare.

She IoH a nobler brother} with him the finesr
of her fortune, her marriage dowry : with bnih,
her combinate hulband, this well-feeming Angelo.
Sbakcfftare^s Meafure ftr Mcajure*
CoMBiN a'tion. n.f. [from ccmbint.]

1 . Union for fome certain purpofe ; afibci-
atiori ; league. A combination is of
private perlons ; a confederacy, of Aates
or fovereigns.

This canning cardinal

The articles o' th' comhinaticn drew,

As himfelf pleasM. Shaitffeare's Henry VIII.

2. It is now generally ufed in an ill fenfe;
but was formerly indifferent.

They aim to fubdue all to their own will and
power, under the difguifes cif is^i\y comblnatiom.

King Charles,

5. Union of bodies, or qualities ; com-
mixture; conjunftion.

Thefe natures, from the moment of their firft
eombmation, have been and are for ever infeparable.

Hooker,

Refolution of compound bodies by fire, does not
fo much enrich mankind as it divides the bodies }
as upon the fcore of its making new compounds
by new ccmbiniitions, Boyle,

Ingratitude is always in eomhinatisit with pride
and hard-heartednef<. South,

4. Copulation of ideas in the mind.

They never fuffer any ideas to be joined in their
underltandings, in any other or ftronger ambiratim
than what their own nature and corrcfpondcnoe
give them. _ . Locke.

5. Combination is ufed, in mathema-
ticks, to denote the variation or altera-
tion of any number of quantities, letters,
founds, or the like, in all the different
manners pofiible. Thus the number of
poflible changes or combinations of the
twenty - four letters of the alphabet,
taken firft two by two, then three by
three, isfc. amount to 1,391,724,288,
887,252,999,425,128,493,402,200.

Chambers,
To COMBl'NE. V. a, [combiner, Fr. binot
jungere, Lat.]

1. To join together.

Let us not then fulpcfl our happy ftaie,
As not fecure to finale or cjmbin d.

MJtun's Paradife Lifi,

2. To link in union.

God, the be(l mikcr of all marriages,
Combine your hearts in one, your realms in one.

Stakijpcare,

Fricndfhip is the cement which really combines
mankind. Gwcm'nent of the Tongue.

3. To agree ; to accord ; to fettle by com-
paa.

My heart's dear love is fet on his fair daughter;
. As mine oa hens, fo hers ii fet oo mine.

And

COM

COM

COM

And »n cemh'm'H, file what thoa mull cimhhe
By holy mirriage. Shakijf. Rmeo ettd Juliet.

4. To join words or ideas together : op-

pofed to analyji.
yi CombTne. ". jf.

1. To coalefce ; to unite each with other.
Ufed both of things and perfons.

iionour and policy, like xmfever'd iVienis
r th' war, do grow together : grant that, and teli

nie
In pace what each of them by th' other lofes.
That they canb'mr not there ? Shalrff^CtrioUuiui.

2. To unite in friendftilp or defi^n.

„ CimUm together 'gjinll the enemy ;

For thefe domeflick and ^rticviUr broiU

Are not the queftion here. Sbaitff. King Lear.

You with your foes combiee^
And feem your own deliiu^ion to deliga.

\ DrydfHi jJurmgxeie.

Co'mbless. a/^'. [froBi «m^.] Wanting a
comb or cre&.

What, is your creft a coxcomb >
—A ccmkltft cock, fo Kate will be my hen. Shak.

COMBU'ST. adj. [from comhuro, combuf-
tum, Lat.]

When a planet ij not above eight degrees and a
half iliftant from the fun, either before or after
him, it is faid to be ctmhuji, or in fombujiioii.

Harris.
Comb u's t ijb l e . adj. [couburo, cambujium,
Lat.] Having the quality of catching
£re ; fufceptible of firi.

Charcoals, made out uf the wood of oxycedar,
are white, becaufe their vapours are rather fulphu-
reous than of any other comtuJIiUe fubftance.

Srtnvn'i yuigar Erreurt.
Sin is to the foul like fire to cor):huJiAle matter ;
It aSiisil;itee before it dellroys it. SAih.

They are but ftreweJ over with a little peniten-
tial alhcs ; and will, as foon at they meet with
tombujiible matter, flame out. Decay of Piety.

The Same (hall dill remain j
Kor, till the fuel perilh, can decay.
By nature form'd on tilings cantuJiibU to prey.

DrjJen.

Covibu'stibleneSs. «.yr {from combuf-

libli.] Aptnefs to take fire.
CoMBu'sTioN. »./. [French.]
I. Conflagration; burning; conAunption

by fire.

The future ccmbafikn of the earth is to be ulher-
.ed in and accompanied with violent impredions
upon nature. Barrel.

3. Tumult ; hurry ; hubbub ; buflle ;
Burly burly.

Mutual ccmbbJUtttSt bloodflieds, and waftes may
enforce them, thraugh very fainlncfs, after the cx-
pericncc o!" fo endlels mileiies. Hooker.

Prophefying, with accents terrible,
Of dire eombujli^n, and confus'd events,
Vev-lvtch'd to th' woeful time. Sbaieff. Macb.

Thofe cruel wars between the heufes of York
«nd Lincaflcr, brought all England into an horrible
£9mbnjlti.n. Raleigh.

How much more of pow'r.
Army sgainft army, numbcrlcf* to raife
Dri-adful eombujiion warring, and diAtirb,
Though not dellroy, their happy native feat! Afi/f,

£ut fay, from whence this new (W)^i^.'?n fpri ngs ^

Drytien,

The comet moves in an inconceivable fury, and
etmibvfiiim, and at ihe fame time with an exact re-
gular.ty. jlrldlfon'l Guardian.

To COME. v.n. pret. came, particip. come.

[coman, Saxon ; komtn, Dut. komtruii,

(jerman.]
I. To remove from a diHant to a nearer

place ; to arrive : oppofed to go.

And troubled blood throjgh his pale Uccwat fern
To mmt and go, with tidings from the he.ut.

I airy Sijiein :

Vol. 1.

Caefar will i-ome forth to-day. Shak. Juliui CaJ.
Coming to look on yuu, thinking you dead,
I ff akc unto the crown as having fenfc.

Stake/fearc't Hcr.ry IV.
The colour of the king doth come and go.
Between his purpofe and his confcience.

Shakefpeare^ i Kingyahn.

The Chriftians having flood almoft all the day in

order of battle, in the fight of the enemy, vainly

expe^ing when he (hould came forth to give them

battle, returned at night unto their camp.

Kmlki't Hiflory of the Turks.
'Tis true that fince the fenate's fuccour came.
They grow mo.e bold. DryJen's Tyrannick Love.

This Chrillian woman 1
Ah ! there the mifchief coma.

Ro7ve^s Rcyal Convert.

2. To draw near; to advance towards.

By the pticking of my thumbs.
Something wicked this way comes. Sbak. Macbeth.

3. To move ir^ any manner towards an-
other ; implying the idea of being re-
ceived by another, or of tending to-
wards another. The word always re-
fpefts the place to which the motion
tends, not that place which it leaves ;
yet this mr.aning is fometimes almoft
evanefcent and imperceptible.

1 did hear
The galloping of horfe : who was 't came by ?

Shaiefpeare* I Macbeth.

Bid them cover the table, ferse in the meat, and
we wiU come in to dinner.

Sb*ikeipeare' s Merchant tf Venice.

As foon as the commandment came abroad, the
children of Ifrael brought in abundance the liril
fruits. 2 Ctror.iclei,

' Knowledge it a thing of their own invention, or
which they etane to by fair reafoning.

Bumet'i Theory.

It is impoflible to eoire near your Lnrdlhip, at
any time, without receiving fome favour. Congreve.

Nunc may come in view, but fuch as are perti-
nent. Locke.

No perception of basics, at a diftance, may be
accounted for by the motion of particles comirg
from them, and Oriking on our organs. Locke.

They take the colour of what is laid before
them, and as foon lofc and rcil^n it to the next
that happens to nwire in their Way. Locke.

God has made the intellcflual world harmoni-
ous and beautiful without us; bat it will never
come into ou; heads all at once. Loekr,

4. To proceed ; to iffue.

Behold, my fon, which came forth of my bowels,
feeketh my life. 2 Sam. xvi. ii.

5. To advance from one ftage or condi-
tion to another.

Truft me, 1 am exceeding weary.

^Is it eome to that ? I had thought wearinefs
durS not kave attacked one of fo high blood.

Shaki/feare't Henry 1 V.

Though he would after have turned hi% teeth
upon Spain, yet he W3s taken order with before it
came to that. Ba<ott.

Seditious tumults, and feditiou' fames, differ no
more but as brother and lifter; if ir come 10 that,
that the bell actions of a Hate arc taken in an ill
fenfe ami traduced. Bjcar,.

Hi^ f'ldicrv had Ikirmilhes with the Numidiaos,
fo that once the Ikirniilh was like to ci/rne to a juii
battle. Kr.olUi.

Wlirn it cttmc to that once, they that had molt
flelh wiftiednhcy had had left. L' f-flrarigt.

£vcry new fprurg p iflion i^ a pait of the aflion,
except we conceive nothing a£lion tiU the pla)<rs
cime to blows. DryJen,

The fo^ce whcrrby bodies coher; is very mucli
greater when they i^n., to imnirdiatr <onia£l, than
when they are at ever fo I'njall « finite dlRance.

CLij nr'l fitli'fvf.ticjl Prir,, fits.

6. To be brought to fome condition either
for better or worfr, implying Ibme de-
gree of cafualty : with te.

One faid to Ariftippus, 'tis a flrange thing v»?iy
men Ihould rather give to the poor than to phiU>fo-
phers. He anfweied, becaufe they think them-
feives may fooner come to be poor than to be phi-
lofophers. Bacon's jipcftbibcgmt'

His Tons come to honour, and hejuioweth it not*

Job.

He being come to the eftace, keeps abufy family.

Locke.

You were told your mailer had gone to a tavern,*
and come to ioine mifchance. Stvift.

7. To attain any condition or charafter.

A fcrpent, ere he comes to be a dragon.
Does eat a bat. Ben Jonjcn's Catatwe.

He wonder'd how flic came to know
What he had done, and meant to do. Hudihrajm

The tcftimony of confcience, thus informoil,
comes to be fo authentick, and fo much to be relied
upon. South*

8. To become.

So came I a widow ;
And never (hall have length of life enough
To rain upon remembrance with n-ine eyes.

Skakefl'care's Henry TV.
When he returns from hunting,
I will not fpcak with him ; fay I am (ick.
If you come fiick of former ferviccs,
You (hal! do well. Sbakc/jteare's King J'rar,

How came the publican jullified, but by a (li. rf:
and horrible prayer ? Duppas Rules for Dc^/^iir.

9. To arrive at fome aft or habit, or dii"--
pofition.

They would quickly come to have a natu;.al ab- .
horrcnce for that which they found made them
(lighted. Locke*

to. To change from one (late into another
defired ; as the butter comes, when the
parts begin to feparate in the churn.

It is reported, that if you lay good Oore of ker-
nels of grapes about the root of a vine, it will
make the vine come earlier, and profper batter.

Baccn^s Natural Hijiory.
Then butter does rcfufe to ccme^
And love proves crofs and humourfome. Huilihrau
In the coming or fprouting of malt, as it muft
' not come too little, fo it mull not come too ihuch.

M':rtimrr»

1 1 . To become prefeiit, and no longer
future.

A time will come, when my maturer mulii
In Ca-far's wars a nobler theme /hall chul'e.

Dryciev^s Virgil,

It, To become prefent, and no longer ab-
fent.

That's my joy
Not to have feen before ; for nature now
Contes all at once, confounding my delight.

Dryd<n*s Kirg Arthur*
Mean while th? gods thi- dome of Vulcan throng,
Apollo comes, and Neptune caiHe along.

Poult's OJyfcy.
Come then, my friend, my genius, ccr/:i alon;,
Thou mafter of the poet jiid the fong ! Poj>e,

13. To happen ; to fall out.

'I lie duke of Cornwall, and Regan his duchefs,
will be here with him tliis night.—.

—How comes that f Shakrffieare's King Lear*

14. To befal, as an event.

Let mc alone that i may (peak, and let eofne on
me whit wilt. Jab, xiii. I J.

15. To follow as a confequence.

Thole that arc kiti to the king, never prick
their finger but they fay, there is (ome ot the
king'! blood Ipilt. How tomei that > fays he, that
cake^ upon him not to conceive: the anfwerir, 1
am the king's poor coufin, S'r.

ibakijfearc't Henry W,

16. To ceafe very lately from fome aft or
ftatt; ; to have juft doije or luffereil apy
thing.

David faid unto Vriah, camrjl thi^iv not frohi thy
journey > t Sam. xi- ">•

V y 1;. r»

COM

17. ^a Come aiout. To come to pafs ; to
fell out } to come into being. Probably
from the French 'vtiiir a teut.
. AnJ let ir.e fpeak to tli' yet unknowing vroria,
How thcfc ih'ngs (amt eheuu ShikifMKre-

Thjt chi':ub'im> whiih now appears as a God to
a human foul, knows veiy well that tlic petioJ
will nrr.e aioul in ctcrnitv, when the human foul
(hail be as peifc£l as he bimfclf now is.

Adjijm'i SfeSater.

I conclude, however it ttnti abcui, tliat things
»r» not as tliey /hould he. Siiift.

H •* cmtn it .ihut, that, for above fixty years,
affairj have been rtited in the liands of new men.

Sivi/t.

18. To CoMS aisut. To change; to come

roand. .

The wind ctmi eUul, and fettled in the Weft
fot many days. Bauti't Ni%» yitalaniis.

On better thoughts, and my urg'd teafcns,
The) »rc cent ab.at, and won to the true fide.

BaiJiTiJoK.

19. To Come again. To return.

There came Water thereout; and when he had
drunk, his fpirit came cgmn, and he revived.

JudgfSjW: 19.

20. Te Come ajier. To follow.

If any man WuiciMttifi.r me, let him deny liini-
fdf, and take up his crds and follow me.

Mitlhcv!, xvi. 24.

21. To Come <i/. To reach ; togetv/iih-
in the reach of; to obtain ; to gain.

Neidier fword nor fccptre can cunt at cinfci-
cnce j but it i:^ above and beyond the reach of
both. Suckling.

Oats will eat and deftroy your marum, if they
can come at it. Evelyn's Kalendar.

In order to ame at a true knowledge of ourlelvcs.,
we Ihould confidcr how far we may deferve praifc.

Addijon.

Nothing makes a woman more efieemed by the
oppolite fex than chaftity, and we always prize
thofe moft who are hardcft to come at. jidd'ij. Speli.

22. To Come by. To obtain ; to gain ;
to acquire. This feems an irregular and
improper ufe.but has very powerful au-
thorifies.

Things moft needful to preferve this life, are
moft prompt and eafy for all living creatures to
tcm tj. Hoijter.

Love is like a child.
That longs for every thing that he can come hy.

Sbekeffeart.
Thy cafe
Shall be my precedent ; as thou got'ft Milan,
J '11 ccmt hy Naples. Sbakeffcarc'i Timfi/I.

Are you not alhamcd to inforce a poor widow
To fo rough a courfc to come by her own ?

Sbjkejjteare's Henry IV.
The ointment wherewith this is done is made
of divers ingredients, whereof the ftrangeft and
hardcft to comt by is the mnfs of a dead man un-
buried. Bacons Natural Hifiory.

And with that wicked lye
A letter they came hy.
From our king's majclty. Dmham.

He tells a fad ftory, Iiow haid it was for him to
ttmt hy the book of Trigiiitlus. Siittingf^ri.

A.midft your train this unfccn judge will wait.
Examine iiuw you came hy all your Itate.

Vryden's Aurengxehe.
iy TaCoME/fl. To enter.

'Wh.it, are you then ? cime in, and give fome

help. Sbakcfpeare.

TiiC fimple ideas, united in the fame fubjedt,

are as perfedlly dillinit as thot'c that cane in by dif-

fer-nt fcnfes. Locke.

44. To CoMF iu. To comply; t« yield;
to hold out no longer.

If the arch-rebel Tyrone, ia the time of th<fe
war-:, /hiuld oft":r to come in and fubmit hlmfclf to
h:r roajcfty, would yoo not have him received >
* Hfrnfrr en Ireland.

COM

15. TV Com I h. To arrive at a port, or
{)Iace of rendezvous.

At what time our fecond fleet, which kept the
narrow feas, was come in and joined to our main
fleet. Bacon.

, There was the Plymouth fquadrdn now ccme in,
Which in"lhc Strcights laft winter was abroad.

Dryden.

26. To Comb in. To become modifti; to
be brought into ufe.

Then <-«»ie rich cloaths and graceful aflion in,
Then inftruments were taught more moving notes.

Silken garments did not come in till late, and the
ufe of them in men was often reftrained by law.
Arhuibnot on Coin:.

27. To Come in. To be an ingredient;
to make part of a compofition.

A generous contempt of that in which too many
men place their liappinefs, muft come in to height-
en his chjraflcr. Aiterbury.

28. To Comb in. To accrue from an
eilate, trade, or ctherwife, as gain .

I had udicr be raaJ with hiin that, wh=n he
had nothing, thought all the Ihips that came into
the harbour his ; thin with you that, when you
have fo lyuch ccmirg ir., thir.k you have nothing.

Sucklirg,

29. 9^9 Come in. To be gained in abun-
dance.

Sweetheart, we Oialt be rich ere wc depart.
If fairings corre thus plentifully in. Hhakcjfeart.

30. To Come infer. To be early enough
to obtain : taken from hunting, where
the dogs that are flow get nothing.

shape and beauty, worth and education, wit and
underftanding, gentle nature and agreeable hu-
mour, honour and virtue, were to ccmiinfcr their
(hare of fuch contrails. 7emJ>k.

If thinking is efl'cntial to matter, ftocks and
ftones will come in for their Ihare of privilege.

Collier on Thought.

One who had in the rear excluded been.
And could not for a tafte 0' th' flcih ame in.
Licks the folid earth. Tate's Juvenal.

The reft came infer fubfidies, whereof they funk
coniiderable fums. Sivift.

31. To Come in to. To join with; to
bring help.

They marched to Wells, where the lord Audley,
with whom their leaders had before fccrct intelli-
gence, came in to them'; and was by them, with
great gladnefs and cries of joy, icceptcd as their
general. Bacon's Henry VH.

32. To Com into. To comply with ; to
agree to.

The fame of their virtues will make men ready
to come into every thing that is done for the publick
good. Alterhury.

33. To Come near. To approach ; to re-
femble in excellence : a metaphor from
races.

Whom you cannot equal or eome mar in doing,
you would deftroy or ruin with evil fpeaking*

i?t7i yonfon's Dijcovcrics.

The whole atchieved with fuch admirable in-
vention, that nothing ancient or modern feems to
ame isear it. ■ Temple.

34. To Come of. To proceed, as a de-
fcendant from anceftors.

Of Priam's royal race my mother earner

Dryden's ^ncid.

Self-love is fo natural an infirmity, that it makes
us partial even to tliofe tliat come of us, as well as
ourfelves. L'EJirange.

35. To Come of. To proceed, as effefts
f from their caufes.
, Will you pleafe. Sir, be gone ;

I told you wlut wrold come cythis.

Shahj'feare'i jyieltr's Tjk.

COM

The hlceoogh comes of folnefs »f m»st, e(pecl«
ally in children, which caul'eth an extenfion of th<
itomach. Barom.

This comes »/ judging by the eye, without con-
fulting the rcalon. L'EJIrange,

My young miftcr, whatever comes on 't, muft
have a wife looked out for bin by that time he
is of age. Locke,

36. To CoM^ off. To deviate ; to depart
from a rule or dircftion.

The figure- of a bell partaketh of the pyramis,
but yet coining offini dilating more fuddenly.

Bacon's Natural Hifttry,

37. TiCoMEo^ Toefcapc; to get free.

I knew the foul enchanter, though dilguis'd;
Enter'd the very lime-twigs of his fpells,
And yet came of. Milton.

How thou wilt here come off, furmounts my
reach. Milton.

If, upon fuch a fair and full trial, he can come
off, he is then clear and innocent. Suuth.

Thofe that are in any Cgnal danger Implore his
aid i and, if they come off faife, call their deliverance
a miracle. Addijon.

38. To Come off. To end an affair; to
take good or bad fortune.

Oh, bravely came we off.
When with a volley of our needlefs (hot.
After fuch bloody toil, we bid good-night.

Shakffpcare's Ki:ig Jchf!,

Ever fince Spain and England have had any tiling
to debate one with the other, the Engliih, upon all
encounters, have come off with honour and the
better. Bacon.

We muft expert fometimes to come off by the
worft, before we obtain the final conqucft. Calamy.

He oft, in fuch attempts as thefe.
Came s/f with giory and fuccefs. Uudihras.

39. To Come off from. To leave; to
forbear.

To come off from thefe grave difquifltions, t
would clear the point by one inftante more.

Felton on the Clafficks,

40. To Come on. To advance ; to make
progrefs.

Things feera to come on apace to their former
ftate. Bacon,

There was in the camp both ftrcngth and viftual
fuflicient for the obtaining of the viflory, if they
would not protra£l the war until winter were ccmt
en. KnoUcs's Hifiory,

The fca came on, the fouth with mighty roar
Difpers'd and dalh'd the reft upon the rocky fliore.

Drydtti,

So travellers, who wafte the day,
Noting at length the fetting fun.
They mend their pace as night comes on.

Granville,

41. To Come on. To advance to combat.

The great ordnance once difcharged, the armies
came faft on, and joined battle. '

Knolles's Hiftory of the Turks,

Rhymer, fome oil, and do the worft you can;
I fear not you, nor yet a better man. Dryden,

42. To Come on. To thrive; to grow
big ; to grow.

Come on, poor babe ;
Some powerful fpirit inftruft the kites and ravens
To be thy nurfes. Shakeffearc's JVinter's Tale.
It (hould feem by the experiments, both of the
malt and of the rofes, that they will come (a
fafter on in water than in earth ; k\ the nourifti-
ment is eaCer drawn out of water than out of
earth. Bacon's NMural Hiftory,

43. To Come over. To repeat an aft.

44. To Come o'ver. To revolt.

They arc perpetually tcazing their friends to ecme
over to them. Addifon's Sfedaior.

A man, in changing his fide, not only makes
himfelf hated by thofe he left, but is feldom hear-
tily eftecmcd by thofe Jic ctmei over to.

Addifin's SfeUator.

45-^"

COM

45. To Come over. To rife in diftillation.

Perhaps alfo the phlegmatick Mquor, that is
wont to cemt aver in this analjfi!, may, at lead as
to part of it, be produced by the operation of the
fire. , ,f.y''-

46. To Come ou.. To be made publick.

Before his book (cme nut, I had undertaken the
Mfwer of fevcral others. Stil!ii:gf:it.

I have been tedious; and, which i< worfe, it
Vc«« our from the Brft draught, and uncorr^ftcd.

47. To Come out. To appear upon trial ;
to be difcoTered.

It is indeed come cut at laft, that we are to look
on the faints as inferior deities. Stdliirgjljel.

The weight of the denarius, or the fevciith ot
» Roman ounce, ««« eut fixtj-two grains and
four fevenths. Arbuihmt.

48. To Come out luith. To give a vent
to ; to let fly.

Thofe great malers of chymical arcana mud
be provoked, before they will erne tut with them.
, _. Boyle.

49. To Come to. To confent or yield.
What is tliis, if my parfon will not c»mt t> f

Swift.

50. To Come to. To amount to.

The emperour impofed fo great a cuftom upon
all com to be tranfported out of Sicily, that the
very cuftoms came to as much as both the price of
the com and the freight together.

KnolUi'i Hijiory of the Turkt.
You faucily pretend to know
Kiore than your dividend coma to. Hudihrat.
Animals either feed upon vegetables immediate-
ly, or, which coma to the fame at laft, upon other
animals which have fed upon them.

IVoMlzvarJ'i Natural HiJIory.

He (lays not this tax immediately, yet his purfe

will find it by a greater want of money than that

tomet to. I^ocie.

51. To Come to bimjelf. To recover his
fenfes.

He falls into fweet ecftafy of joy, wherein I
Oull leave him till he coma to himjelf. Temflt.

52. To Com to pa/s. To be efFefted ; to
fall out.

It cmiib, we grant, many times tofafs, that the
works of men being the fame, their drifts and
purpofe therein are divers. Huoker.

How comei >l to fafi, that fome liquors cannot
pierce into or motilcn fome bodies, which are cafily
pervious to other liquors ? Boyle's Hift. cfFirmnefs.

53. To Co. ME Up. To grow out of the
ground.

Over-wet, at fowing-time, with us breedeth
much dearth, infumuch as the corn never comcth
up. Baccn.

If wars ftould mow them down never fo fart,
yet they may be fuddenly fupplied, and comt up
again. Bacon.

Good intentions ^re the feeds of good aftions ;
and every man ought to fow thera, whether they
com/' up or no. TanpU.

54. TaCoME up. To come intoufe; as, a
fajhion comei up.

5,5. To Com e up to. To amount to.

H'. prepares for a furrender, alTerting that all

thcfc will not comeup to near the quantity requilite.

IVooA'ward'i Natural WJlt^ry.

56. To Come up to. To rife; to advance.

Whofc ignorant cred'jUty will not
Ctmt up to th' truth. Hhakefpeare's ff^inicr'i Tale.

Conhderations there are, that may make us, if
not etme uf to the character of thole who rejoice
in tfilu'a iorj», yet at lead fatitfy th.; duty of be-
ing patient. ff'tke's Preparathnfr D,aib.

The vedei bylTina:, which fome ladies wore,
muft have been of fuch extraordinary price, that
there i( no (luff in our age comes up 10 it.

yirhutbnot on Coini.

When the heart iofvll, it ti angry at all worrts
that cannot «BK 1^ r« it. Swift.

COM

^T. To Coyiz up luith. To overtake.

58. To Coi.it. upon. To invade ; to attack.

Three hundred horfe, and three thoufand foot
Englilh, commanded by Sir John Norris, were
charged by Parma, coming upon them with feven
thoufand horfe. Bacon.

When old age cotnes upon him, it comes alone,
bringing no other evil with it but itfelf. Souib.

59. To Come. In futurity; npt prefent ;
to happen hereafter.

It ferveth to difcover that which is hid, aiwell
as to foretel that which is 10 come.

Bacon's Natural Htjlory,
In times to come.
My waves (hall wa(h the walls of mighty Rome.

Dryden.

Taking a leafe of land for years to ecme, at the

rent of one hundred pounds. _ Locke.

60. Come is a word of which the ufe is
various and extenfive, but the radical
fignification of tendency hithertuard is
uniformly preferved. When we fay he
came from aplace, the idea is that of re-
turning, or arriinng, or becoming near-
er ; when we fay he 'went from a place,
we conceive fimply departure, or re-
moval to a greater diftance. The but-
ter comes ; it is paffing from its former
Hate to that which is defired ; it is ad-
vancing towards us.

Come, [participle of the verb.]

Thy words were heard, and I am come to thy
wr rd s. Daniel.

Come. A particle of exhortation; be
quick; make no delay.
dme, let us make our father drink wine.

Gen. xix. 32.

Come. A particle of reconciliation, or
incitement to it.

Come, cime, at all 1 laugh he laughs no doubt \
The only difference is, I dare laugh out. Pope.

Co M E. A kind of adverbial word for nuhen
it Jhall come ; as, come IVednefday, when
Wednefday (hall come.
Ccme Candlemas, nine years ago /he died. Gay.

Comb. »./. [from the verb.] A fprout : a
cant term.

That the malt is fufficiently well dried, you may
know both by the taftc, and alfo by the falling off
of the come or fprout. M'.rtivur's Hujbandry.

Come'dian. ». f. [from comedy.'\
I . A player or adlor of comic parts.
J. A player in general ; a ftage-player ;
an aftrefs or aftor.

MclilTirion, pretty honey-bee, whenofarow?-
dian (he became a wealthy man's wife, would be fa-
luted Madam PithiaF, or Prudence. Camd. Remains.

3. A writer of comedies.

Scallgcr willcth u: to admire Plautus as a come-
dian, but Teie«ce as a pure and elei^ant fpeaker.
PeacbamofPi,etry.

CO'MEDY. »./. [comedia, Lat.] A dra-
matick reprefentation of the lighter
faults of mankind, with an intention to
make vice and folly ridiculous : oppofed
to tragedy.

Your honour's players
Are come to play a pleafant comedy.

Shaktip. Taming of the Sbrevf.
A long, cxaft, and ktiua^ xomeJy ;
In every Icene fome mora! lot it tc <ch,
And, if it can, at once b'>'.b pleafc and preach.

Pope.

Co'meliness. /». /. [from ««f/('.] Grace;

beauty ; dignity. It fignifies fomcthing

lefs forcible than beauty, lefs elegant

than^riJir, and lefs light than pretlinefs.

A cateleli cune/inii's with cvirifly cart. Si.i •j'.

COM

The fervfte of God hath not fuch perfeSion of
grace and comelinefs, as when the dignity of the
place doth concur. Hooker.

They IkiUcd not of the goodly ornaments of
poetry, yet were fprinkled with fome pretty flowers,
which gave good grace and comelinefs.

Spenfer on Irelard.
Hardly, (hall you meet with man or woman fo
aged or ill-favoured, but, if you will commend
tliem for eomelincji, nay and for youth too, ihall
take it well. South.

There is great pulchr!t\ide and cosncUrrfs of pro .
portion in the leaves, flowers, and fruits of plants.
iJtfy on the Creation^
A horfeman's coat (hall hide,
Thy taper (h.ipe, and comdinefi of fide. Prior.

CO'MELY. adj. [from iecome } or from
cpenian. Sax. to pleafe.]

1. Graceful; decent; having dignity or
grandeur of mien or look. Comelinefs
feems to be that fpecies of beauty which
excites refpeft rather tlian pleafure.

If the principal part of beauty is in decentmo-
tion, no marvel though perfons in years feem many
times more amiable J for no youth can bf comely
but by pardon, and confldering the youth as to
make up the comelinefs. Bacon.

He that is comply, when old and decrepit, furely
was very beautiful when he was young. Souti,

Thou art a cotncly, young, and valiant knight.

Dryden.

2. Ufed of things, decent ; according to
propriety.

Oh, what a world is thi«, when what is^eonlefy
Envenoms him that bears it. Sbak. jts you like it.

This is a happier and more comely time.
Than when thefe fellows ran about the ftreets,
Crying confufion. Sbakejpeare's Coridanus,

Co'mely. adv. [from tne adjedive. ]
Handfomely ; gracefully.

To ride cov.tly, to play at all weapons, to dance
comely, be very neceljary for a courtly gentleman.
Afcham's Schodnajier,

Co'mek. n.f. [from come.] One that comes.

Time is like a falhionable hoft.
That (lightly (hakes his parting gueft by th' hand ;
But with his arms outftretch'd, as he would fly,
Grafps in the comer: welcome ever fmiles.
And farewel goes out fighing. Sbak. Troil. andCreJfl

Yourfclf, renowned prince, then flood as fair.
As any ccwcr 1 have tuok'd on yet.
For my affeflion. Sbakcjp. Merchant tf Venice,

Plants move upwards ; but, if the fap puts up too
faft, it makcth a (lender ftalk, which will not fup-
port the weight ; and therefore thefe are all fwift
and hally comers. Bacon.

It is natural to be kind to the laft £-9mrr. L'EJi,

Now leave thofe joys, unfuiting to tliy age.
To a frelh coiner, and refign t!ic (lage. Dryden.

The renowned cliamplonof our lady of Lorctto,
and tlie miraculous tranllation of her chapei ; about
which he hath publilhed a defiance to the world,
and olferfc to prove it againfl al! comers. Stillingfett.

.There it is not Itiange, that the mind (houli
give itfelf up to the common opinion, or render it-
iclf to the lirfl comer. Locke.

Houfe and heart are open for a friend ; the pal.
fage is eafy, and not only admits, but even invite:.,
tlic cvmtt . South,

CO'M ET. n. f. [cometa, Lat. a hairy ftar. ]
A heavenly body in the planetary region, appeal-
ing fuddenly, and again diiappearing j and, during
the time of its appearance, ijioving through, its
proper orbit like a pljuet. The orbits oi coinrfi
are cllipfes, having one of their loci in the centre
of the fun ; and being very long and cccentriik,
they become invjfibie when in that part moll rr-
mot;: from th: fun. Comets, popularly ciUed blar-
ing ftars, are dilVinguifhed from other flats by a
long train <jt tail of light, always <»pp'>(ite tp the
fun : hence irifcs a popular divifion oi' comets into
three -kinds, bi'arded, tailed, -and tjircd cmtt% ;
though the divili in ratli^r relates to the diflerent
circemllances of the fame congrr, than to the ph-e-
iiomenaof the (cvtral. Th-j.-wlicntliei.-Trcfi; ;-aft-
V \ 1 wa.-i

COM

wtrd of ilrf lUn, »nd mnvf$ from it, the etmct is

• laid to br brardcd, /'arhi»<, bfciufe th? light
marches before it. When the liglit ikWcft*aici uf
the fun, the nmct is fiiJ Ui be tailed, beciufe tlie
train f jIIows it. When the ami! alid the fun are
diametriciUy oppofite, the earth buitig between
them, tlie crain U hid behind the body of the comet ,
cnepting a little that appears around it, in form of
4 border of hair, h^nce called cr'w'uus,

Recording to Sir Ifiac Newton, the tail of ifs-
pifl is a very thin vapour, emitted by the head or
nucleus of the ccmet, ignited by the neighbourhood
to the fun; and this vapour is furniOied by theat-
jtiofphere of tiie ccmer. The vapours of ccmttt be-
' incr thus dilateJ, rarefied, gnd diffufedimay proba-
bly, by ni«ans of their own gravity, be attratfteJ
down to the planets, and become intermingled with
their atmcfpheres. For the confervaiion of the
water and moifture of the planets, csmetf fecm ab-
folutely requifite; from whofe condenfed vapours
and exhalation! all that moifture which is fpent in
vegetations and putrefaAions, and turned into dry
earth, m.iy be refupplied and recruited ; for allve-
geubles increafe wholly from fluids, and turn, by
putiefa^ion, into earth. Hence the ({uantity of
dry eiEth muft continually increafe, and the moi-
fture of the globe decrcafe, and at laft be quite eva-
r rated, if it have not a continual fupply. And
fufpeft, adds Sir Ifaac, that the fpirit which
makes the fineft, fubtileft, and bed part of our
•ir, and which is abfolutely requifite for the life and
being of all things, comes principally from the (o-
men.

The fame great author has computed that the"
fun's heat, in the amtt of 1680, was, to his heat
with us at Midfummer, as twenty-eight thoufand
to one ; and that the heat of the body of the camit
viaS near two thoufand times as great as that of

• red-hot iron. He alfo calculates, that a globe of
xed-hot iron, of the dimenfions of our earth, would
fcarce be cool in fifty thoufand years. If then
the ecmgt be fuppufed to cool a hundred times as
fart as red-hot iron, ytt, fincc its heat was two
thoufand times greater, fuppoCng it of the btgnefs
of t)\e earth, it would not be cool in a million ot
years* Trnjoux. Cbamhtrs*

And wherefore gaze this goodly company,
As if they faw fame wond'rous monument,
"Some ccirit, or unufual prodigy ?

Sbakiff. Taming eft be Shre^v.

Such his fell glances as the fatal light
Of ftaring comets, Crajhaia.

I coniidered a cimel. Or, in the language of the
vuigar, a blazing-ftar, as a iky-rocket difcharged
by an hand that is almighty. jUdiJon" s Guardian.

Fierce meteors (hoot their arbitrary light.
And ccmtts march with lawlefs horrors bright.

Prior.

'Co'metary. \a^j. [from ci>met.'\ Relat-
Come'tick. 3 ing to a comet. .

Refraflions oi light are in the planetary and co-
fiutary regions, as on our globe. Cbtyne^i Phil. Pnn.
CO'MFIT. ». / [Maria arida, Lat.
ktinfit, Dutch. It fhould feem that both
are formed by hafty pronunciation from
ccnftS.'] A dry fweetmeat ; any kind of
fruit or root preferved with fugar, atid
dried.

By iecding me on beans and peafe,
> He. crams in nafty crevices.
And turns to comfits by his arts.
To make me relifh for dcflcrts. Uudihrcs.

To Co'.M PIT. t*. a. [from the noun.] I'o
preferve dry with fugar.

Tl e fruit that docs fo quickly wafle,
Men fcarce can fee it, much Icfs tafte.
Thou cotKftiJl in flrfcts to make it laft. Cmvlty.

Co'mpiture. »./. [from comfit, ot con-
/e3Kre.] Sweetmeat.

From country grafs to amfilnres of court.
Or city's quelque-chofes, let not report
My mind tranfport. Donne.

To CO'MFORT. V. a. [com/orto, low La-
tin. Salvia c(,mf(.rtat nervou SdohSal.}

COM

r. Toftrengthcnj to enliven; to invigo-
rate.

The evidence of God's own tcftimony, added
unto the natural afl'ent of rcafibn, concerning the
<ertainty of them, dotia not a little crnifart and con-
firm the ffme. Hooker.

Light excclleth in eimfcriir.g the fpirits of men ;
light varird dith tlie fame eifedl, with more no-
velty. Tills is the caufc why precious Hones cim-
fart. Bacon's Niilvral U^icry.

Snme of the abbots had keen guilty of comfort-
ing and aflifting thi- rebels. Ay^ifc's Par rfcm.

2. To confole ; to ftrengthen the mind
under the prefiiire of calamity.

They bemoaned him, and cMnforttd him, over
all tb: evil that the Lord bad brought upon him.

yt^, xlii. II.

Co'mfoiit. n. /. [from the verb.]

1. Support; aflillance ; countenance.

Poynlngs made a wild chace upon the wild Irifli ;
where, in rtfpeft of the mountains and faftneffes,
he did little good, which he would needs impute
unto the ccmfort that the rebels fhould receive un-
derhand from the carl of Kildare. Bacon,

The king did alfo appoint commlflioners for
the fining of all fuch as were of any value, and
had any hand or partaking in the aid or comfort of
Perkins, or the Cornilhmcn. Bacon.

2. Confolation ; fupport under calamity
or danger.

Her foul heaven's queen, whofe name (he bears,
In comf'^rt of her mother's fears,
Has plac'd among her virgin train. Btn Jonfon.

As they have no apprehenfion of thofe riling;,
fo they need no comfort againft them. TiUcitJon.

3. That which gives confolation or fupport
in calamity.

I will keep her ign'rant of her good,
To make her heav'nly comforts of defpair,
When it is leaft cxpedlrd. Sbak. McaJ. fir Meaf.

Your children w^re vexation to your youth.
But mine /hall bi a comfort to your age.

Shakffcare's Richjrd III.
We need not fear
To pafs commodioufly this life, furtain'd
By him with many comforts, till we end
In dull, our final reft and native home. Afillen.

Co'm FOR TABLE. ac/J. [from com/art. ]

1 . Receiving comfort ; fufceptible of com-
fort ; cheerful : of perfons. Not in ufe.

For my fake be comfortable i hold death
A while at the arm's end. Stakeff. As you like it.

My lord leans wond'roufly to difcontcnt ;
His comfortatie teraper has forfook him ;
He is much out of health. SbakeJ/>eare's Timen.

2. Admitting comfort : of conditions

What can promife him • «w/irMi/i; appearance
before his dreadful judge ? South.

3. Difpenfing comfort ; having the power
of giving comfort.

He had no brother, which, though it be am-
firtable for kings to have, yet draweth the fub-
jefts eyes afide. Bacon's Henry VII.

The lives of many miferahlc men were faved,
and a comfirtetle provifion made for their fubfift-
ence. Drydcn's Fables, Dedication.

Co'mfortably. ad-j. [from comfortable.']
In a comfortable manner ; with cheer-
ful ncfs ; without defpair.

Upon view of the finccrity of that performance,
hope ccmfortatty and cheerfully for God's perform-
ance. HiimmQnd.
Co'mforter. n. /. [horn comfort.]
1. One that adminiftcrs confolation in mis-
fortunes ; one that ftrengthens and fup-
ports the mind in mifery or danger.

This very prayer of Chrift obtained angels to be
fent him, nscimfirteis in his agony. Hooker.

The hcav'ns have blel> ycu with a goodly fon,
To be a eomfirtir when he it gone.

Sbakejfiart'i Richard HI.

c o U

Kincveh is laid wi(te, who will bemetnherf

whence (ball I fii k comforters fur thee r Neb. iii . 7.

*. The title of the Third Perfon of the

Holy, Trinity ; the Paraclete.
Co'm FORT LESS. aJj. [irom comfort.]
Wanting comfort ; being without any
thing to allay misfortune ; ufed of per-
fons as well as things.

Yet fliall not my death be comforthfs, receiving

it by your fcntencc. Sidntj,

Where w as a cave, y wrought with wond'rous ai-f,

Deep, dark, uncafy, <k-,leful, comfortleft. Fairy aj.

New-f fitting to the night ;
Black, fearful, (omforilefs, and hoirible.

Sbakefpcare' s King yobn.
* On thy feet thon ftood'ft at laft,

Though comfortlcfs, as when a father mourns
His children, all in vievf dellroj 'd at once. Miltcm.
That unfociable ctmfertlejs dcafnetshad notquite
tired me. Swift.

Co'mfrey. ». f. [con/oIiJa, Lat. com-
frie, French.] A plant. MilUr.

Co'mical. adj. [<-(f/B;V«j, Latin.]
I. Raifing mirth ; merry; diverting.

The greatcil refembiancc of our author is in
the familiar ftile and pleafing way of relating coni-
cal adventurejof that nature. Drydcn's Fab. Pref.

Something fo comical in the voice and geftorcs,
that a man can hardly forbear being plcafed.

Addifon on Italy.

1. Relating to comedy ; befitting come-
dy ; not tragical.

That all migiit appear to be knit up In a comical
conclufion, the duke's daughter was afterwards
joined in marriage ti the lord Lifle. Hayward^
They deny it to be ttagical, bccaufe its caiallro-
phe is a wedding, which hath ever been afsounted ,
comical. Cay%

Co'micalTv. adv. [from comical.]

1. In fuch a manner as raifes mirth.

2. In a manner befitting comedy.
Co'micalness. 71. f. [from fo»«;Va/.] The

quality of being comicsd ; the power of
raifing mirth.
CO'MICK. adj. [comicus, Lat. cemijue,
French.]

1 . Relating to comedy ; not tragick.

1 never yet the tragick mofe elTay'd,
Deterr'd by thy inimitable maid ;
And when I venture at the comick ftile.
Thy fcornful lady feems to mock my toil, trailer,

A aimiik fubjeft loves an humble verfc j
Thyel^es fcorns a low and comick ftile ;
Yet comedy fometimes may raife her voice. Kofc,

Thy tragick mufe gives bniles, thy comick deep.

Drydaim

2. Raifing mirth.
Stately triumphs, mirthful comick (hows.

Such as befit the pleafure. Sbaieff>eiir/'s Henry VI,

Co' MING. K.f. [from To come. ]
I. The aft of coming ; approach.

Where art thou, Adam ! wont with joy to meet
My coming, feen far off' ? Aliltcn's Paradife Left.

Sweet the coming on
Of grateful evening mild. Mdton't Paradife Lo/f*

z. State of being come ; arrival.

May 't pleafe you, nubic Madam, to withdraw
Into your private chamber j we Ihall give you
The full caufc of our coming. Sbakefp. Henry VIII.

Some people in America counted their years by
the coming of certain birds amongft them at theit
certain feafuns, and leaving them at othrrs. Locke.

Co.MiNC-iN. n.f. Revenue; income.

Here's a fmall trifle of wives ; eleven widovn
and nine maids is a fimple coming-in for one man*

Sbakcffteare.
What are thy rents? what are thy cimings-int
O ceremony, fliew me but thy worth I
What is ihy loll, O ailoration ? Sbakrfp. Henry V.
Com I N c . particifial adj. [from come,]
I . Fond ; forward ; ready to come.

Nov»

COM

IJow will I be your Rofilini i« a men em'mg

tm (Jiipofition ; and, afk me wbat you will, 1 will

grant it. SiakeffMri:.

That very lapidary hJrafelf, with a <-»n<;i^ fto-

inach, and in tlic co. ':.'$ ylace, would hive majt

the cock's choice. L'EJirangc.

That he had been (j affcftionate a hufbind, was

no ill argument to the cmir:^ dowager. Dryder..

Oil morning wings haw adtive (prings the min J I

How eaf/ every labour it purfucs.

How CGmirg to the poet cv'ry mufc ! Pife'l Bvace.

t. Future ; to come.

Praitc of great atli he fcatters, as a feed
Which may thcilke in coming ages breed. Rofctm.
Comi'tial. adj. [comitia, Lat. an afl'em-
bly of the Romans.] Relating to the
aflemblies of the people of Rome.
Co'Miry. »._/". [comiiai, Latin.] Cour-
tefy ; civility ; gooJ-breediiig. Did.
Co'mma. »./ [wft^*.]

1. The point which notes the diftinftion of
claufes, and order of conrtruftion.in the-
fentence ; marked thus [,].

C'.mmas and points they fet exatl'y right. Pafe.

2. The ninth part of a tone, or the inter-
val whereby a femitone or a perfeft tone
exceeds the imperfeft tone. It ijaterm
ufed only in theorical mufick, to (hew the
exaft proportions between concords. Har.

To COMlMA'ND. -v. a. [commander, Fr.
tnando, Lat,]

1. To govern; to give orders to; to
hold in fubjedion or obedience : corre-
lative to obey.

Louie, this feather,
Obeying with my wind when I do blow.
And yielding to another when it blows,
Commamid a:wa)S by the greater guft ;
Such ii the Ughtnefs of you common men.

Shakejfiare'i Hmrj VI.

Chrill could cemmand legions of angels to hit
refcue. Decay of Piety.

Should he, who was thy lord, command thee now
With a barlh voice, and fupercilious brow.
To fervile duties. DryJai's PerJ. Sat. 5.

The queen commavdty and weUI obey.
Over the hills, and far away. Old Seng,

2. To order ; to dire£l to be done : con-
trary to prohibit.

My confcience bids me alk, wherefore you have
Commanded of me thefe mod poisonous compounds ?

Shakefpcare.

We will facrifice to the Lord our Cod, as he Ihall
ttmmand m, Excdus,\\\'uz-j.

Whatever hypocrites aufterely tallc
Of purity, and place, and innocence,
Defaming as impure what God declares
Pure, and amfKands to fome, leaves free to all.
Our maker bids increafe; who bids abdain
But our deftroyer, foe to God and man ? Afi/tcn.

3. To have in power.

If the ftrong cane fupport thy walking hand.
Chairmen no longer Siall the wall ctmmand.

Gay^i Trivia.

4. To overlook ; to have fo fubjed as
that'it may be feen or annoyed.

Up to the Eal^ern tower,
Whofc height commimdi as fubjiit all the vale.
To fee the light. Shahff. TroHut and CreJ/ida.

Hia eye might there temmanj wherever Hood
City, ot old or modern fame, the feat
Of mightiell empire. Mi/ton.

One lide ccmnaadi a view of the' fincft garden in
the world. ^ Mdijun't Guardian.

5. To lead as a general.

Thofe he ccmmandt move only in command,
nothing in love. Shaiiffeari'i Macbeth.

TiCoM.MA'ND. V, n. To have the fu-
preme authority; to poffefs the chief
power ; 10 govern.

COM

Thofe two cummanding powers of the foul, the
underftanding and the will. South.

Comma'nd. n.f. [from the verb.]

1. Therightof commanding; power; fu-
prcme authority. It is uled in military
aiFairs, as jnagiftracy or government in
civil life ; with 0 Wr.

Take pity of your town and of your pc4ple.
While yet my foldiers are in my cemmand.

Staiiff can's Henry V.
WiA li jhtning fill her avvtul hand,
And make the clouds fecm all at her ammand.

trailer.
He alTumed an abf;>lute ammand tmcr Iris readers.

Dryden.

2. Cogent authority ; defpotifm.

CoKinand and force may often create, but can
never cure, aa averlion ; and whatever any one is
brought to by compulfion, he will leave as foon as
he can. Locir on Education.

3. The aft of commanding ; the mandate
uttered ; order given.

Of this tree wc may not tafte nor touch ;
God fo commanded, and left that command
Sole daughter of his voice. Milton' t Parad. Lofi.

As there is no prohibition of it, fo no command
for it. _ Taylor.

Xte captain gives command, the joyful train
Glide thro' the gloomy Ihade, and leave the main.

Drydin.

^. The power of overlooking or furveying
any place.

The ftffp)' ftand.
Which overlooks the vale with wide command.

Dryden's j¥lndd.
Comma'nder. n./. [from command.]

1. He that has the fupieme authority; a
general ; a leader ; a chief.

We'll do thee homage, and be rul'd by thee;
Love thee as our commander and our king. Sbak.

1 haVL' given him for a leader and commander to
the people. Ifaiah, Iv. 4.

The Romans, when commanders in war, fpake to
their army, and ftyled them. My foldierf.

Bacon's Apofhtlegmi.

Charles, Henry, and Francis of France, often
adventured rather as foldiers than as commanden.

Hayivard.

Sir Phelim O'Neil appeared as their commander
in chief. Clarendon.

Supreme commander hotii of lea and land.

fTal/er.

The beroick 'aflion of fome great' commander,
enterprifed for the common good, and honour of
the Chriftian caufe. Dryden.

Their great commanders, by credit in their ar-
mies, fell into the fcalcs as a counterpoife to the
people. Stvi/t.

2. A paving beetle, or a very great wooden
mallet, with an handle about three foot
long, to ufe in both hands. Moxon.

3. An inftrument of furgery.

The glofloconiium, comm'rnly called the com-
mander, is of ufe in the moft ftrong tough bodies,
and where the luxation hath been of long conti-
nuance* IVifeman's Surgery.

Comma'ndf.r'V. n.f. [from command.']
A body of the knights of Malta, be-
longing to the fame nation.

CoMM a'ndment. n.f. \commandement ,
French.]

I. Mandate ; command ; order ; precept.

They plainly require lotce fpecial commandment
for that which is ejtailcd at their bandi. Booker.
Say, you chofe him more after owe commandment.
Than guided by your own affeftions.

Shakcfpeare's Coriolanus.

By the eafy commandment by God givjn to Adam,

to forbear to feed thpreon, it plctfed Cod to malv

■ trial of hi! obc4i«i.ce. Raleigh's HiJIory of tbt fVorU.

COM

J. Authority ; coaclive power.

I thought that all things had betn favig- here.
And therefore put I on tile counti--nance
0( ^tm commandmcM. Shakiff. jlty^liifrrt

3. By way of eminence, the precepts of
the decalogue given by God to Mofes.

And he write upon the tables lite word^ of the
covenant, and the ten cejitmandin'n's.

Exodus, xxxiv. I? .
Comma'ndre«%. v.f. [from commander,]
A woman veiled with fupreme autho-
rity.

To prefcribe the order of doing in all things, 13
a peculiar prerogative, wiach wifdom hath, as qaccn
or fovereign commardrefs, over all other virtues.

Hooktf,

Be you commar.drejs therefore, princefs, queen

Of all our forces, be thy word a law. Yairfax.

Commate'rial. adj. [from conzxi^ma-

teria.] Confifting of the fame Diattsr

with another thing.

The b-aks in birds are eommateriii! w'llh teeth.

Bacotr^
The body adjacent and ambient is not comma-
terial, but merely heterogeneal towards the body to
beprcfervcd. Bacosi,

CoMM ATERi a'mty. n.f. [from comma-
terial.] Refemblance to fomething ia
its matter.
Co'mmeline. n.f. [commelina, Latin.]
A plant. Miller.

Comme'.vior ABLE. adj. [from commemo-
rate.] Deferving to be mentioned with
honour ; worthy to be kept in remem-
brance.
Tfl Comme'mor ATE. "v. a. [ffln and me-
moro, Latin.] To preferve the memory
by fome publick aft ; to celebrate fo-
lemnly. ■•»

Such is the divine mercy which we now comme-
morate \ and, if we commemorate it, we Ihall rejoice
in the Lord. Fiddes,

Comme'moration. n.f. [fiom commemo-
rate.] An aft of public celebration;
foUmnization of the memory of any
thing.

That which is daily ofTercd in the church, is a
daily commemoration of that one facrifice offered on
the crofs. Taylor.

St. Auftin believed that the martyrs, when the
'commemorations were made at their own fcpulchres,
did join their prayers with the churches, in behalf
of thofe who there put up their fuppUcatinns to God.

Stillin^feet.

Commemoration was formerly made, with thankf-

giving, in honour of good men departed this world.

Aylijfc's Parergon,

Comme'morative. adj. [from commtmo-

rate.] Tending to preferve memory of

any thing.

The annual offering of the Pafchal lamb was
commt'moraii've of that firC. Pafchal lamb. Attcrh.

The original ufe of facrifice was commfmorative
of the original revelation ; a fort of daily memorial
or record of what God declared, and manvbelieved.

forSes,

raCOMME'NCE. v. n. [commencer, Fr.]

1. To begin ; to take beginning:.

Why hath it given me earned of fucccfs, '
Commencing in a truth ? Shakejpeare's Macbeth,

Man, confcious of his immortality, caiyiot be
without concern for uhat ftate that is to commence
after this life. Rogers.

2. To take a new charafter.

If wit fo much trom ign'raiKf un^rrg'', .
Ah ! let not learning too commmer h: toe ! Pcfie.

To Comme'nce. 'V. a. To begin: to
make a beginning of: as, to commence
afuit.

Moil

C O M

COM

COM

'Vlok Oiallowly did yoo thefe armi nmmnut,
Tondly brought here, and faoliihly fent hence.

Sheliffart.
Co M M e'n cement. ».y; [from cemmtact.'\
Beginning ; date.

The waters were g>tlier;d together into oreplacc,
the third diy from tf>e {-nmineiirrnl of the cri-atitn.
If^uiiTvjrti's Natural Hi'^cry,
.To COMME'ND. v. a. [ccmmenJo, Lat.]
J . To reprelent as worthy of notice, re-
gard, or kindnefs ; to recommend.

Aft;r BaibarolT3.wai arrived, it was known how

ptfcCtuaily the chief biil'i had ctrninmdej him to

Solyman. Kml/cs't HiJIvy.

Among the ohjeds of knowledge, two cfpecial-

ly romrttrd themielves to our contt-mplatioi) ; the

icnawledgeof Gud, and the knowledge ofoutfelves.

JiaWi Qr'sgitt cf Afankind*

Vain -glory it a principle 1 cemn.cnd lo no man.

Decay >/ Piety.

2 . To deliver up with confidence.

To thee 1 i'i corr/rcTiJ my watchful foul,
Ere 1 Idt fail the windows of mine eyes :
Sleeping and waking, O drfend me iliil !

, Siatfjjptare'i Richard lU.

Father, into thy handi 1 c«>;ffir>i<'myfpiiit. Luke.

3. To prailfe; to mention with approba-
tion.

Who is Silvia ? What it (he,
That all our fwains cnmmc/.d her ?
Holy, fair, .ind wife is (he. Shaiijptare.

Old men do moft exceed in this point of folly,
coTnmei^dir.g the days of their youth they fcarce re-
membered, at leaft <vcll undcrflood not.

Srcnuni Vul^tlr Errours.

Helov'dmy worthlefs rhymes; and, like a friend,

"Would find out fomcthing to commend' Ccw/ty.,

Hiftorians commend .Alexander foi weeping when

be read the actions of Achilles.

Jirydcn'i ViTgiCi ^xcid. Dedication.
Each Anding, i.k.c a friend,
Sometbuig to blame, and foiiiediing to commend.

Pcfe.

4. To mention by way of Jceeping in me-
mory ; to recommend to remembrance.

^ Signior Antlionio

Commends him to you.

Ere I ope his letter,

I pray you tell me how my good friend doth.

Shakejpcare^i Merchant of Venice.

5 . To produce to favourable notice.

The chorus was only tr> give the young ladies an
occafion of entertaining the French king with vo-
cal mufick, Ind of commending their own voice:,.

Dryden's Dufrejmy.

6. Tofend.

Thefe draw the diariot which Latinus fends,
And the rich prefent to fhe prince cmmends.

Dryden^s j^neid.

Comme'nd. »./ [from the verb.] Com-
mendation. Not now in ufe.

Tell her I fend to hci my kind c.mmrnJs -■
Take fpecial caie my grcetinfi be dciiver'd.

Sii.ik4l>iafe'i RhhardW.
Comme'nd ABLE. ailj. [from comme><d.'\
Laudable; worthy of praife. Ancient-
ly accented on the iirft fyllable.

. And power, unto Jticjf moft conm, ndable,
Hath not a tomb fr* evident, as a chair
T' extol what it hath done. Skakrjf. Corhhnut.
Order.and decent ceremonies in the church, are
Bot only comely, but commendai/le.

Baein'i Advice to Villien,
Many heroes, and moft wortliy pcrfonf, being
<Aifliciently ammeiuLl/le from true and uiniuciiion-
able merit, have received advancement from falfe-
hood. Bnnvni Vulgar Errcuru

Uritannia is not drawn, like other countries, in
a foft i'earfful pofturr ; but is adorned with em-
blems that mark out the military genius of her in-
habitants. This is, I think, tlie only cimmendahle
quality that the oil poets hayc touched upon in th«
dcfctiptioa of OMi country. A^ldijon on Moduli.

CoMMc'KOABLy. adnj. [from camnund-
ahh.^ Laudably ; in a manner worthy
of commendation.

Of preachers the (hire holdeth a number, all
cemmendahly labouring in their vocation.

Care^v^l Survey cj" Cornvjail.

COMME'NDAM. [commenda, low Latin.]

Commendam is a bcnelice, which,' being void, is
commended to the charge and care of fome fuffi-
cient clerk, to be fupplicd until it be conveniently
provided of a pador. - Cciuell.

It had been once mentioned to him, that his
peace Ihould be made, if he would rcfign his bi-
(hoprick, and deanry of Wcftminfter; for he had
that in commendam, Clarendcn.

Comme'ndatary. n. f. [from commen-
dam.'] One who holds a living in com-
mendam.

Commenda'tion. n.f. [fr«m commend.']

1. Recommendation ; favourable repre-
fentation.

This jewel and my gold are youn, provided I
have your eommendatim for my more free entertain-
ment. Shakeffieare'i Cytnbeiine.

The choice of them Ihould be by the ammenda-
tion of the great officers of the kingdom. Bacon.

2. Praife; declaration of efteem.

His fame would not get fo fweet and noble an air
to fly in as in your breath, fo could not you find a
fitter fubjcft of commendation. Sidney.

3. Ground of praife-

Good-nature is the moft godlike commendation of
a man. Drydeni Juvenal, Dedication.

4. Meflage of love.

Mrs. Page has her hearty commendations to you
too. Sbakejfcarc.

Hark you, Margaret,
No princely commcndaticr.s to my king !
■ ■ Such commendations as become a maid,
A virgin, and his fcrvant, fay to him.

Shakefpeare' s Henry Vi,^
Comme'ndaTORY. adj. [from commend.]
Favourably reprefentativej containing
praife.

It doth much add to a manV-i reputation, and is
like perpetual letters ccmmemlatory, to have good
forms J to attain them, it almoft fuHiceth not to
defpife them. . Bacon^s Effiiys,

Wc beftow the flourifti of ^poetry on thofe rom-
werdatory conceits, which popularly fct forth the
emintincy of this creature. Brov^ns Vulgar Err.

If I can think that neither he nor you defpife me,
it is a greater honour to me, "by far, than if all the
houfe of lords writ commendatory vcrfcs upon me.

Pope.

Comme'nder. n. /. [from compiend.]

Praifer.
Such a concurrence of two extremes, by moft of

the fame commenders and difprovcrs. }Voiton.

Commensa'lity. n.f. [from commeu/a-

lis, Lat.] Fellowftiip of table ; the cuf-

tom of eating together.

They being enjoined and prohibited certain foods,
thereby to avoid community with the Gentiles, upon
promifcuous commenfality. Breton's Vulgar Err.

Com MENSOR abi'lit V. n.f. [from com-
menfurahle.] Capacity of being com-
pared with anetht-r, as to the mc-afiirc ;
or of being mcafured by anotheo". Thus
an inch and a yard arc commenfurable,
a yard containing a certain namber of
inches ; the diameter and circumference
of a circle are incommenfurable, not
being reduccable to any common mea-
fure. Propoition.

Someplace ihe efliince thereof in the proportion
of parts, conceiving it to confift in a comely rtm-
menjurability of the whole unto the parts, and the
paits between tbemfeivet. Brown.

Com me'nsvr ABLE. adj. [con and »m>
/ura, Latin.] Reducible to fome com-
mon meafurc ; as a yard and a foot are
mealured by a-n inch.

Com M e'n su R a b le n ess. »./. [from com-
men/uraBle.'] Commenfurability ; pro-
portion.

There is no eommenfurahlenefs between this ob-
ject and a created underftanding, yet there it a
congruity and connaturality.

Hale's Origin tf Maniini^

To COMME'NSURATE. -v. a. [con and
menjura, Lat.] To reduce to fome com-
mon meafure. '
That divifion is not natural, but artificial, and
by agreement, as the aptcft terms to conimenfuraie
the longitude of places. Brcii'n's Vulgar Errours,

Comme'nsurate. ad/, [from the verb.]

1. Reducible to fome conamon meafure.

They permitted no intelligence between them,
other than by tlie mediation of fome organ equally
ecmmerfurate to foul and body.

Government of the Tongue.

2, Equal; proportionable to each other.

Is our knowledge adequately commenfarate with
the nature of things ? Glanville's Scifjii,

Thofe who are perfuaded that they fhall conti-
nue for ever, cannot chufe but afplre after a hap-
pinefs comnunfurate to their duiation. Tillotfon,

Nothing commenfurate to the deQres of human
nature, o« which' it could fix as its ultimate end,
without being carried on with any farther defire.
Rogers's Scrmonu

Matter and gravity are always commenfurate,

Bentley,

Com M e'nsurately. ad'v, [from commen~

/urate.] With the capacity of meafur-

ing, or being meafured by fome other

thing.

We are conftrained to make the day fcrve to
meafure tiie year as well as we can, though not
commcnjuraiely to each year ; but by coUefting the
fraflion of days in feveral years, till they amount
to an even day. Holder on Time.

Commensura'tion. n./. [irara commen-
furate,] Proportion ; reduftion of fome
things to fome common meafure.

A body over great, or over fmall, will. not be
thrown (r far as a body of a middle fize ; fo that,
it feemeth, there muft be a commenfuralion or pro-
portion between the body moved and the force, to
make it mo7c well. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.

All fitnefs lies in a particular commenfuration, or
proportion, of one thing to another. South.

To CO'MMENT. -v. n. [commentor, Lat.]

1 . To annotate ; to write notes upon an
author ; to expound ; to explain : with
upon before the thing explained.

Such are thy ftcrets, which my life makes good.
And comments on thee; for in ev'ry thing
Thy words do find me out, and parallels bring,
And in another make me underftand. Hericrf.

Criticks having firft taken a llkirg to one of
thefe poets, proceed to comment en him, and illuf-
tratc him. Dryden's Juvenal, Dedication.

They have contented thernlcUcsonly tofcwmM/
ufon thofe texts, and make the belt copies they
C(!u!d after thofe originals. Temple.

Indeed I hate that any man Ihould be idle„ while
I muft tranflate and comment, Popt,

2. To make remarks ; -to make obferva-
tions.

Enter his chamber, view his lifelcfs corpfe,
And comment then upon his fuddcii de.ith.

Sheskfffeare's Henry VI.

Co'mment. w./ [from the verb.]
I. Annotation's on an author; notes; ex-
planation ; cxpofition ; remarks.

A>!am c.mie ir.io the wnvid a philofop^ier, which
appeared by his writing the nature ol things up.m

thcit

Com

their nimes : he couid view elTenMi !n them-
felvss, and read foi-ms without the cumment of
their reipcftive properties- Scurh^s Sermons^

All the volumes of philofophy,
With al'. their ccmnm,':, never could invent
So politick an inftruiuent. Ppor.

Proper geftures, and vehement exertions of the
voice, are a kind of ctmminl to what he utters.

AdJiJon's SprBaior.

Still, with itfelf compar'd, his text pciufe ;
And let your comment be the Jvlantuan roufe. ?oft.

2. Remarks ; obfervarion.

In fjch a time as this, it is not meet
That every nice offence ihould bear iu comment.

Sbetkefpears,
Forgive the ccmmer.t that my paflion made
Upon thy feature ; for my rage was blind.

Sbaieff care's King Jchn.
All that is behind will be by way of cmmetit on
that part of the church of Engl.r.d's charity.

Hammond's Fundamentals,
Co'm M e n t a r y. ;;./. \commentarius , Lat.]

1. An e:;pofition ; book of annotations or
remarks.

In rcLgion, fcripturt is the beft rule; and the
church's univerfal praftice, the bed ctrnmeKtary.

King Charles,

2. Memoir ; narrative in familiar man-
ner.

Vere, in a private commtntary which he wrote
of that fcrvice, teftiB^d that eisht hundred were
fla!D. Bacon,

They (hew ftjll the ruins of Catfar's v.-3ll, that
reached eighteen miles ir. leijih: as he has de-
clared it in the liril book of his Ccwimenlaries,

Aidijon-on Italy,

Commekta'tor. n, /, [from comment,']
Expofitor ; annotator.

1 have made fuch expolitions of my authors, as
no commen^atcr w'll ftrgivc me. Dryden,

Some of the ammentators tell us, that Marfya
was a lawyer who had loft his caufe.

Addijim en Italy.

Galen's commenlatir tells us, that bitter fub-
flaoces engender choier, and bum the blood.

Arbutbnot on Aliments,

No commentator can more flily pafs
O'er a learn'd unintell'g ibie place. Pope.

Co'm M ENTER, n./. [ from comment. ] One
that writes comments ; an explainer ;
an annotator.

Slily as any ctmwimtir goes by
Hard words or fenfe. Donne.

Commbnti'tious. aJj, \_commentitius,
Latin.] Invented ; fiftitious ; imagi-
nary.

It is eafy to draw a paralleJifm between that
ancient and this modern nothing, and mako good
its tefemblance to that eommenlitious inanity.

CiinvVWs Scepjls,
CO'MMERCE. »./ [commercium, Latin.
It was anciently accented on the laft
fyllable.]
1. Intercourfe ; exchange of one thing for
another; interchange of any 'thing;
trade ; traifidk. .

Placet of publick refort being thus provided, our
repair thither ii efpecially for mutual confeience,
and, as it were, commerce to be had between God
and us. Hooker,

How could communities.
Degrees in fchoois, and brotherhoods in cities,
Peaceful commerce from dividablc Hiores,
But by degrees (land in authentick place ?

Shahefjjtare^s Trio/us andCreJftda,
InDru^lcd (hips (hall fail to quick commerce.
By which remntcft regions are ally'd;

Which makes one city of the univcrfe,
Wliere feme may gain, and all may be fupply'd,

Dryden,
Thefe people had not any cmmerct with the
other known parts of the world. Tilloi/in,

9

COM

In any country, that hath commcrti with the reft

cf the world, itisalmoft impolTible now to be with,
out the ufc of fiiver coin. Locke.

2. Common or familiar intercourfe.

Good-nature, which conlilb in overlooking of
faults, is to be exercifcd only in doing ourlelves
j'jliice in the ordinary commerce and occurrences of
life. Addifcn.

7fl Co'm ME ROE. v.n, [from the noun.]

1. To traffick.

Ezckiel in the defcription of Tyre, and of the
exceeding trade that it had with the Eaft, as the
only mart town, reciteth both the people with whom
they commerce, and alfo what commodities every
country yielded. Raleigh.

When they might not converfeor «»iKtrc£ with
any civil men ; whither Ihould they fly but into
the woods and mountains, and thi;re live in a wild
manner? Sir jf.Davies.

2. To hold intercourfe with.

Come, but keep tiiy wonted ilate,
Wiih even llep and ir.uling gait,
And looks commercing with the (kies.
Thy rape foul iitting in thine ejes. Milton.
Comme'rcial. ai\j, [from cotnmerce.]

Relating to commerce or traffick.
To CO'MMIGRATE. v. n. [con and
migro, Latin.] To remove in a body,
or by co.nlent, from one country to an-
other.
Commigra'tion.w./. [from commi^rale.']
A removal of a large body of people
from one country to another.

Both the inhabitants of that, and of our world,
loft ail memory of their commigraiion hence.

H'l/odiaarJ s Natural ffjlory,

COMMINA'TION. t./, [ccmminatio, La-
tin.]

1. A threat ; a denunciation of puniili-
ment, or of vengeance.

Some parts of knowledge God has thought lit to
feclude from us ; to fence them not only by precept
and comminaiion, but with difficulty and impoflibi-
litics. Decay of Piety.

2. The recital of God's threatenings on
dated days.

Commi'natorv. ae/f, [from contmi nation.]
Denunciatory ; threatening.

To Commi'ngle. t. a. [comml/ceo, La-
tin.] To mix into one mafs ; to unite
intimately ; to mix ; to blend.

Bleft are thofe,
Whofe blood and judgment a.-e fo well commingled,
That they are not a pipe for fortune's (inger.
To found what ftcp (he plcafe. Shah^j^. Hamlet.

To Com M i'k g l e. t;. n. To unite one with

another.
DilTolutions of gum tragacanth and oil of fweet

almonds do not commirgle, the oil remaining on tile

top till they be ftirred. Bacon's Pbyjical Rem.

CoMMlNu'iBLE. ae(/. [fxova Comminute. ]

Frangible ; reducible to powder ; fu-

fceptible of pulverization.

'1 he beft diamonds are eomminuible; and are fo
far from breaking hammers, that they fubinit unto
pedilation, and re(i(l not any ordinary pcille.

Brctvn.
To CO'MMINUTE. f. a, [comminuo.La-
tin.] To grind ; to pulverize ; to break
into fmall parts.

Parchment, ficins, and cloth drink in liquors,

though themfelves be entire bodies, and not c-mmi-

nwf:'^, as fand and a(hes. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.

CoMMi vu'tion. n.f, [from comminute.]

I . The aft of grinding into fmall parts ;

pulverization.

The j^w in men, and animals furnilhed with
grinders, hath an oblique or tranfvcrfe motioia, ne-
cc(raryfor«mBJ«»(i{flof the meat- Raytmtbc Great,

C 0 M

This fmiting of the fteel with the flint dotli only
make a comminution, and a very rapid whirling and
melting of fome particles j but that idea of flame
is wholly in us. Beniley,

2. Attenuation.

Caufes of fixation are the even fpreading of the
fpirits and tangible parts, the clofencls of the tan-
gible parts, and tiie jejunenefs or extreme fc;?i»:i-
nutim of fpiiits ; of wliich the two firft may be
joined with a nature liqueliable. Bacon,

Co MM i'serable, aeij. [ from commiferate. ]
Worthy of compaffion; pitiable; fuch as
mull excite fympathy or forrow.

It is the fmfulleft thing in the world to deftitate
a plantation once in forwardnel's : for, bcfijes the
dilhonour, it is the guiltinefs of blood of manyr'^-
mijerable perfons. Bacon s P.jj'ayt.

This was the end of this noble and cotnmijcrablt

perfon, Edward eldeft fon to the duke of Clarence.

Bacon s henry VII.

To COMMI'SERATE. 'v. a. [con and
mifereor, Lat.] To pity ; to look on with
compaffion ; to companionate.

Then we mull thofe, who groan beneath the
weight
Of age, difeafe, or want, commiferale. Denbanu

We (hould commiferate our mutual ignorance, and
endeavour to remove it. Locke.

Commisera'tion. ft./, [from commifi'
rate.] Pity ; compalfion ; tendernefs ;
or concern for another's pains.

Thefe poor fcduced creatures, whom I can nei-
ther fpeak nor think of but with much ammifc-
ration and pity. HooKer,

Live, and hereafter fay
A madman's mercy bade thee run away, j

I do dely thy commijtratiov.
And apprehend thee for a felon here.

Sbakejpeare' s Romeo andyuliet.

God knows with how much cotnmijeration, and
folicitous caution, 1 carried on that bufmefi, that
I mi£ht neither encourage the rebels, nor difcou-
rage the prote(t»iirs. King Chariest

She ended weeping ; and her lovely plight
Immoveable, till peace, obtain'd fiom fault
Acltnowledg'd and deplor'd, in Adam wrought
Ccnnniferation. Milton s Paradife Lojl,

From you their eftate may expeft eft'etlual com-
fort } there are none from whom it may not deferve
commiferation, Spratt,

No where fewer beggars appear to charm up com-
miferaticn, yet no where is there greater charity.

Graunt's Bills of Mortality.

I prevailed with myfelf to go and fee him, partly
out of c^mmiferation, and partly out of curiofity.

S-wifr.

CO'MMISSARY. »./, [commjarius, low
Latin.]

1. An officer made occafionally for a cer-
tain purpofe ; a delegate ; a deputy.

2. It is a title of ecclefiaftical jurildidlion,
appertaining to fuch^ as exercifes fpiri-
tual jurifdiilion (at leall fo far as his
commiffion permits) in places of the
diocefe fo far diftant from the chief city,
as the chancellor cannot tall the fub-
jefts. Cotxell.

The commiffarict of bilhops have authority only
in fnme certain place of the diocefe, and in fome
ccrtMn caufes of the jurlfdiftion limited to them
by the bjlhop's commidion. Ayliffe.

3. An officer who draws up lifts of the
numbers of an array, and re^^ulates the
procuration and conveyance of provifion
or ammunition.

But is it thus you Hnglilh bards compofe ?
With Runick lays thus 1.1^ infipid profe ?
And when you (h.iuld your heroes deeds rehearfe.
Give ut a (ommiffarj'i lift in verfc ? Prhr,

Co'm MIS-

COM

Co'mmissakiship. n. f. [from «jw««/-
fery. The office of a commiflary.

A ccmm'JIiinjhif is not grantibic for life, fo as
to bind the fucceeding biihop, thuugh it fhould
be confirmed by the dean and chapter.

Ayliffct FareTjten,

COMMl'SSION. n.f.\tcmmi£io, low La-
tin.]

1. The adl of entruftin? any thing.

2. A truil; a warrant by which any truft
is held, or authority exercifed.

CemmilJim is the warrant, or letters patent, that
all iTten cxerciling jurifdidion, cither ordinary or
extraordinary, have for their power. CnuelU

Omiflion to do what is neceflary.
Seals a csmanijjitm to a blank of danger.

Shairjfearci Tro'ilui imi Crejp.da,
The fubjedls grief
Comei through ectnmtff rvi, which compel from each
T'lc fixth part o( hii fubrtancf, to be levied
Without delay. Shakcjpeare' s Haiiy VIII.

He led our powers ;
■flore the eumm'iffion of my place and perfonj
The which immediacy may well ftand up.
And call itfclf your bro'Jier. Shakefp- King Lear.
He would have them fully ac(];iainted with the
nature and extent of their office, and fo he joins
ccmmijjion with inftruftion-: by one he conveys
. power, by the other knowledge. South,

3. A warrant by wliich a military officer is
" cor.ftituted-

Snlyinan, filled with the vain hope of the con-
^uert of Perfia, gave out his comr.ijians into all
parts of bis empire, for the raifmg of a mighty
army. Kmllei's H'JIoryofrhe Turks.

I was made a colonel ; though I gained myrwu-
m:Jfi'.n by the horfc's virtues, having leapt over a
fix- bar gate. Mdifm's Freibclder.

He for his fon a gay ccmmijjicn buys,
Who drinks, whores, fights, and in a duel dies.

Pope.

4. Charge; mandate; office; employment.

It was a both a ftrange ccmmijjion, ar.d a ftrange
obedience to a {vmmij/ion. fo; men, in the midtl
of their own blood, and being fo furioufly alTliiltd,
to hold their hands contrary to the laws of nature
and nccelfity. Macon's JVar vi'ah Sfain,

Such cftmnt'tjjion from above
I have recciv'd, to anfwcr thy defire
Of knowledge within bounds. Milton s Far* Loji.

At his command the ftorms invade;
The winds by his ccmmijjion blow.
Till with a nod he bids them ceafe. Drjdin.

He boie hia great a;mmij/isn in liis look ;
But fwcetly tcmper'd awe, and foften'd all he
fpoke.

5. Aft of committing a crime ; perpetra-
tion. Sins of commij^on a.re diilinguifhed
in theology from fins oi omfjfton.

Every ccmmijjion of fin introduces into the foul
a certain degree of hardnefs. Sauit'i Sermons.

He indulges himfelf in the habit of known fin,
whether covmi^i.n of fomething which God hath
forbidJen, or the omiflion of fomething com-
manded., Rcgtrs's Sermons.

6. A r^umber of people joined in a truft
or office.

7. The ilate of that wliich is entrufted to
a number of joint officers ; as, the broad
feiil iK-ar put into comntijfion.

8. [In commerce.] The order by which a
faftor trades for another pcrfon.

To CoM.Mi'ssiON. v.a. \{rom commijpon.'\

I . To e;n.power ; to appoint.

z. To fend with mandate or authority.

The peace polhited thus, a ihofen b.ind
He liril commi^'im to the Latian land.
In thr. at'ning cmbalTy. Vrydcns .^.nciil.

?£ CoMMl'sSlON ATE. V. a. [fiomrofla

miffion.'\ To.cojiuniflion; to empower:
not in ufe.

COM •

As he WIS thus fent by his father, fo alfii were
the apolllei lolemnly comiKi^oMicJ by him to preach
to the Gentile world, who, with indefatigable in-
duflry and refolute fuf^'crings, purfued the charge j
and fure this is competent evidence, that the ^tfign
was of the moft weighty importance. Oecay of Fitly.

CoMMi'ssioNER. n. /. [ftotn commt^tn .]
One included in a warrant of autJtority.

A commyfiorter is one who hath commiiTioo, as
letters patents, or other lawful warrant, to execute
any puhlick olHce. Cornell.

One article they (load upon, which I with your
commijftoners have agreed upon. Sidney.

Thefe commijfiuners came into England, with
whom covenants were concluded. Hayward.

The archbilhop was made one of the commj^iorers
of the treafury. Ciarendon.

" Suppofe itircraryr^mm/^off^stoinfpeG, through-
out the kingdom, into the condu£l of men in office,
with refpect to morals and religion, as well as abi-
lities. Sivifi.

Like are their merits, like rewards they fliaiej
That fliines a conful, this commjffioner.

Pope's Dunciad.

CoMMi'ssuRB. ». / [cemmij/'uro, Latin.]
Joint ; a place where one part is joined
to another.

All thefe inducements cannot countervail the
inconvenience of disjointing the ctmtmijfu^es with fo
many ftrokcs of the chiiTel. iVotrons jiycbileiiure.

This animal is covered with a ^rong (h-ll,
jointed like armour by four tranfverfe CQmmiJJitrcs
in the middle of the body, conneAed by tough
membranes. Ray on the Creation.

Ifo COMM'IT. 'V. a. [committo, Latin.]

1. To intruft ; to give in trull; to put
into the handi of another.

It is not for your health, thus to commit
Your weak condition to the raw, cold morning.
\ Shak^fpcare.

2. To put In any place to be kept fafe.

They who are deiirous to commit to memory,
might have«afe. z Mac. ii. 25.

Is my mufe controul'd
By fervile awe ? Born free, and not be bold I
At Icaft I'll dig a hole within the ground.
And to the trufty earth commit the found.

Drydens Perjius.

3. To fend to prifon ; to imprifon.

Here comes the nobleman that committed the
prince, for ftriking him about Bardolph.

Shakejprare's Henry IV.

They two were committed, at Icaft reftrained of
thrir liberty. Clarendon,

So, though my ankle (he has quitted.
My heart continues ilill committed \
And, like a baii'd and m.iin-priz'd lover,
Al'Juuigh at large, 1 am bound over. Hudihras.

4. To perpetrate i to do a fault ; to be
guilty of a crime.

ICecp thy word juftly ; fwear not ; commit not
.with nun's fworn fpoufe, Siakufp. King Lear.

Letters nut of Ulftcr gave him notice of the in-
humane in.urrfers committed there upon a multitude
of the Protcftants, Clarcr.dcn.

A creeping young fellow eommitted matrimony
with a brilk gamcforoe lafi. L'Ejirangc.

* *Tis policy

For fon and father to take dificrent fides ;
Then Kinds and tenements commit no treaftm. Dryd.

5. To put together for a conteft : a Latin-
ifm.

How becomingly does Philopolis excrcifc his
office, and leafonably ccmmit the opponent with
the rcfpoiident, like a long pcaftifcj moderator.
Z'f'c's Dii'ine Dial.

6. To place in a ftate of hoftility or incon-
gruity : a Latiniiin.

Harry, whole tuneful and well me ifiir'd fong
Flrlt t.ui,3lit our Englilh mufuk how to fpan
Woidii with juft note and accent, not to fcan
With Midas' eats, mmtnittir.g Ihoic and long.

Milicn.

COM

Commi'tmsnt. n./. [from commit.^
I . A&. of fending to prifon ; imj>rifon-
ment.

It did not appear by any new maminations or
eommitjKeitSf th.'vt any other perfoii was difcoverej
or impeached. Bai^n.

They were glad toxompound for his bare com'
miirnent to the Tower, whence he was within few
days enlarged. Clarendor.

I have been con£dering, ever Hnce my eotrtmit^
tnentf what it might be pt^[>cr to deliver upon this
occaHon. Swifu

z. An order for fending to prifon.
Com m i't t e b . n. /. [from commit.^

Thofe to whom the coniidcration or ordering
of any matter is referred, cither by fomc court tj
whom it belongs, or by confcnt of parties. As in
parliament, after a bill it read, it is either agreed
to and palled, ar not agreed to; or neither of thefe,
but referred to the cunlideration of fome appointed
by the huufe to examine it farther, who thereupon
are called a committee. CoweJ/.

Manchefter had orders to march thither, having
a committee of tha parliament with him, as there
was another committee of the Scottilh parliament
always in that army ; there being alfu now a
committee of both kingdoms rcfiding at London,
<'or the carrying on the war. Clarendon.

All corners were filled with covenanters, confu-
iion, cottsmittee men, and foldiers, ferving each othtf
to their ends of revenge, or power, or profit; and
thefe committee men and foidiers were pofl"eft with
this covenant. ff^akon,

CoMMi'TTER. »./. [from commit. 1 Per-
petrator ; he that commits.

Such an one makes a man not only a partaker
of other nicn's fins, but a Jcriver of the whole guiit
to himfelf; yet io as to leave the committer as full
of guilt as before. South.

Commi'ttible. aeij. [fromcewB//.] Lia-
ble .to be committed.

Bcfides the jniftakes cgmmiltii/e in the folary
compute, the difference of chronology difturbs his
computes. Mro-wn.

To Co.MMi'x. Ki. a. [^commi/ceo, Lat.] To
mingle ; to blend ; to mix j to unite
with things in one mafs.

A dram of gold dilfoUcd in aqua regia, with a
dram of copper in a^ua fortis cetnmixed, gave a
great colour^ Bacon,

I have written againll the fpontaneous generation
of frogs in die clouds ; or, on the earth, out of
jduft and rain water commixed. Ray an the Creation.
It is manifcil, by this experiment, that the com-
mixed impreflions of all the colours do ftir up and
beget a fcnfation of white ; that is, that whitencfs
is compounded of all the colours. Ne-u'tan's Opticks,
GoMMl'xiON. »./. [from commix.'] Mix-
tBre ; incorporation of different ingre-
dients.

Wei-c thy eommixion Greek and Trojan, lb
That thou cnuld'ft fay, this hand is Grecian all.
And this isTrojan. Siakcfp. Trt'tlus and Crrjjida.
Com mi'xtion. n.f. [from ccmmix.] Mix-
ture ; incorporation ; union of various
fubftances in one mafs.

Some fpccics there b«*<of middle and part'ic'paC-
ing natyrrs, that it, of birds and beads, as batts,
and fomc few others, fo confirmed ar^l fet toge-
ther, that we cannot define the beginning or end
of cither; thcie being a comtrixtion of both in
the whole, rather than adaptation or cement of the
one unto the other. £t%iuns yulgar Errourt,

Co M M I'x T u R E . n.f. [ from commix. ]
1. The aft of mingling ; the ftate of be-
ing mingled; incorporation; union in
. one mafs.

In the f»mmi*/Br< of any thing that !s more oily
or fwcrt, fuch bodies arc leaft apt to putrefy, the
air working liltlc u^oa them.

^tcttfl Natural HiJIiry.

1. The

COM

COM

COM

«, The mafs formed by mingling different
things ; coinpoiition ; compound.

Fair ladies, maik"d, are rofts in the bud.
Or angels vcii'd in clouds; are rofes blown,
Dil'malfe'd, their dawflc (wcct commixtun (hewn,

Shekcjp:art,

My love and fear glew'd many friends to thee ;
And now I fall, thy touijh ,-oKmixturfs melt.
Impairing Henry, ftrength'ning mil'proud York.

Shukijpeari.

TTiere Ts fcarcely any rifing but by a c^mmixiun
of eood and evil arts. Biu^n.

All the circumftanres and refy-efl of religion and
ftate intermixed together in their eamrxixtiu-e, will
better become a royal hiftory, or a cuuncil-table,
than a fingle life. Woitciu

Commo'de. n. f. [French.] The head-

drefs of women.

Let them rcflefl how they would be aflcftcd,
fliould they meet with a man on horfcback, in his
breeches and jack-boots, die/ted up in a eommodt
and a nightrail. SpcHaf.r.

She has canttivcd to (hew her principles by the
fetting of her f (nrffiot/ff ; fo that it will be impo/Iiblc
tor any woman that is difai&ded to be in the fa-
jhion. Adii'tjnn'i VrcebiUtr.

Sht, like Tome pesGve Aate(man, walks demure,
And fmiles, and bugs, to make deilrudtlijn fure \
Or uii^cr high corrmiodct, with looks erc£V,
Barefai;'d dc\ouii, in gaudy colours deck'd. G/an-v,

COMMO'DIOUS. ai/J. [conmoJus, Lat.]
J. Convenient; fui table ; accommodate

to any perlbn ; fit ; proper ; free from

hindrance or uneafinefs.

Such a plate cannot be c'jtnmojkus to live in { for
being (o neat the moon, it had been too near the
lUn. Ra/iigb'i liijlir/.

To that reeds, ecmtuditit for furprize.
When purple light thall next fuffufc the Ikies,
With me repair. Pi-ft'i Odyffij.

J,. Ufeful -, fuited to wants or necefGties.

If they think we ought to prove tire ceremonies
ammcdiovi, they do greatly deceive theml'clvcs.

Bacchus had found out the making of wine,
and many things cll'e c.mmodioui for mankind.

Jtn/eigb'i Hi/lory if tbt IVwli.
The gods have done their part,
By fending this iummuimt plague. Dryd, OeJif ui.

Maro's mufe,
Tlirict facred nufr, rommeiihui precepts gives,
Inftrufiive to the fwaim. fb'iRfi.

£.ou\*o' a io\J iLY . culv.liTOmctmmodious.l

1 . Conveniently.

At the large root of an old hollow tiec.
In a deep cave featcd comimjleujlyf
His ancient and hereditary houfc.
There dwelt a good fubit jntial couittry moufe.

CMvlty,

2. Without diftrefs.

We need not fear
To pafs cimrnodiftujty this life, fudaln^d
By him wirfi many comforts, till we end
In duft, our Anal left and aatM-e liomii.

Miliin'} ParjJI/t LiJI.

3. Suitably to a certain purpofe.

WifJ im may have framed one and the- fame
thing to Icrvc cjmm.iiy.ttfly for Jivcrs ends, i/ssiif ,
Calen, upon the ci.niiJcration of the body, chal-
lenges any one to find how the \tit\ fibre might be
more ttmrnoiliaijly placed l«r ufe or comelinef>.

South t ^trmcttlt
CoMMo'oiousNESs. n. /. [ftomcsmmo-
t/iius.] Convenience; advantage.

The place rcquircth many ciicumltances ; as
flic fituitior, near the fea, for the timmidi'jufnefi o»
»fi intercourfe with England. Saicn.

Of citici, the grcatnefi and /ichcs incrcafe ac-
cording to Ilie Kmm'JiouJvtfi of their fituation in
fertile countries, or upon rivers and havens. 'Cimblt,
Commo'ditv. ». / [e^mmof/aat, Lian.']
I. Intereft ; advantage; profit.
Vo... J.

They knew, that howfocver mfn may ftek tliQu
own c(.mmodiijy yec, if this were done with injury
unto others, it was not to be (uftcred, Hr^vUr-

Cw.mooityy the bial's of the world,
The world, which of itfelf is poifed well,
Till this advantage, this vi!e drawing biafs.
This fway of moti.n, this rcfffmst^iry,
Makes it take head fr .m ail indiffert:ncy.
From all dire^ioiiy purpofe, courfc, intent.

Sbakefpeares K'^ng yoln.

After much dcbatcment oi the ammctuna or
difcommoditi^ like to cnfue^ they concluded.

Haytvard,

2. Convenience J particular advantage.

There came into her bead certain vcrfiis, which,
if fhe had had prefent c.mmodity, ihc would have
adjoined as a retraction to the other. Sidrcy,

She demanded leave, not to lofe this long fou^hti-
for commodity of rime, to cafe lier heart. S'ldmy,

Travelicrs turn out of the highway, drawn cither
by the commodity of a fooc-path, or the delicacy or
the freihncfs of the lields. Ben Jonj'ons Dsjcoveries*

It had been difficult to make fuch a mole where
they had not fo natural :x commodity as the earth of
Puzzuola, which immeUiateiy hardens in the w.t-
ter. j^dififir. on Jiuly*

3. Wares j merchandife ; good:^ lor traf-
ikk.

All my fortunes are at fca ;
Nor have I money nor r5«ff5</rfv
To raile a prefent fum. Skak. Mtrch, ofVtmct,
Commodiiiis are ni'iveables, vjtuablc by money,
the common meafure. t-cckc*

Of money, in the commerce and tra(?ick of man-
kind, the principal ufe is that of faving the com-
mutation of more bulky ciimmod'ii'iis.

Arhutbn9t on Coitii.

Commodo''r.e. It. f, [probably corrupt-
ed from the Spanilh lonmaru/ador.] The
captain who commands a fljuadrou of
fliips ; a temporary admiral. .

CO'MMON. «./. [communis, Latin.]
I. Belonging equally to more than one.

Though life and fcnfc be common to man and
brutes, and their operations in many things alik' ;
yet by this form he liv.s the lili uf a man, and not
of a brute ; ajid hatli tlic fenfe of a man, and not ol'
a brute. llaU^s Orhin of Miinlh:d.

He who hath received damage, lias, bcfidcs liie
right of punilhment comtn'M to him with other
mt-n, a particular right to leek reparation. Loikt.

z. Having no pofleflbr or owner.

Where no kindred arc to be founil, we fee the
polH'llions of a private man revert to the commu-
nity, and fo become again pcrfe^ly common \ nor
can anyone have a propert) in them,utncrwife than
in other things comitkn by na'ure. Lo^ki''

3. Vulgar ; oiean ; not dillinguifhed by
any excellence ; often feen ; eafy to be
had ; of little value ; not rare ; not
fcarce.

Ur as the man, whom princes do advance
Upon tbtir gracious mercy -frat to fit,
Poth r«mMi^ff things, of C';urie and circumlKmce,
To the reports of lOminon nten commit. Da^'tci,

4. Publick J general j ferving the ufe of
all.

He was advlfcd by a parliament man not to \k
flria in rcadlnji all the commsn prayer, but make
fomc variation. ff'ulim.

1 need nut picntlon the old rdirfn^jr^^bore of
Rome, which ran fiom all | arts of the town, with
(he current and violence of an ordinary river.

MJiJ-.r. 11: If illy.

5. Of no rank ; mean j without birtli or
defcent.

Look, as I blow this feather from my face,
And ai the air blows it to mc again,
&ucb ii the lightncfi of you rotimm men

Stahj'fuart'i Htnry VI.
Flying bullets now,
To execuM liis rage, appear too flow j

They mifj, or fwecp but lvkkoh fouls away)
For fuch a lofs Opdam his iifc nvitt pay, U^jiter,

6. Frequent ; ufua-1 ; ordinary.

There is an evil which 1 have feen cowman among
men. ■ Ecclcf. vi. i.

The Papi(}s were the moft common place, tni
the butt ;ii;ain(l whom all the arrows were direct-
ed. CWmdor.

Neither is it ftrange that there Ihould be myf.
tcrics in divinity, as weil as in the commoKiji ope-
rations in nature. Szeiff*

7. I'roftitute.

'Tis a llrange thing, the impudence of fomc
women ! was the word of a dame who lierfelf yas
common. L'EJfrange.

Hii>parchus was going to marry a common wo-
man, but confulted Philander upon the occalion.

SficiJatJi;

8. [In grammar.] Such verbs as fignify
both adtion and palTion are called com-
mon ; as afpernor, I defpife, or am dej'pij-
■e-d ; and alfo fuch nouns as are both
mafculine and feminine, as parens,

Co'mmon. n.f. [froai the adjcftive.] Ail
open ground equally ufed by many pw-
fons.

Then take we down his loaj, and turn him olf.
Like to the empty afs, to (hake his cars,
And graze in cmmim, Stakefpmre's yuHus Cafar.

Is not the fuparate property of a thing the great
caulc of its endearment? Docs any one rcl]>fct a
common as much as he docs Iris garden? South,

Co'mmon, ad'v. [from the adjetlive.]
Commonly ; ordinarily.

I am more than cummen tall.

Siaktfpcari' s As ycu lite it.
In Common.

I. Etjuiilly to be participated by a certain
number.

By making an eaplicite confcnt of every com-
mttncr nccellary to any one% ajipropriating to him-
felf any part of what is given in cominor., children or
fervants could not cut tlie nicat^'hch their father
or mailer had provided for them in comr.on, with-
out ailigning to every one his peculiar parr. Lpckf^

1. Equally with another ; indifcrimi-
nately.

In a work of this nature it is impoflible to avoid
puerilities; it having that /» i-tmmtn with dictiona-
ries, and books of antiijuities. jirhttthnot on Coins,

To Co'mmon. t. n. [from the noun.] To
have a joint right with others in forae
common ground.

Common Law contains thofe cuftoms and
ufages which have, by long prt-fcrip-
tion, obtained in this nation the force
of laws. It is dilHnguidied from the
ifatute law, which owes its authority to
nils of parliament.

Common Pleas. The king's court now
held in Wcfimlnfter Hall, but anciently
moveable. Qimih obferves, that till
Henry III. granted the magna chart a,
tiiere were but two courts, the exche-
quer, and the king's bench, io calTed
btcaul'e it followed the king ; bur, upon
tlie grant of th.it charter, the rourt of
common pleas was eredled, and fettleii
at Wcllminfler. All civil caufes, both
real and peilbnal, are, or were, formerly
tried in this court, according to the
llrift laws of the realm ; and Fortefcue
reprelents it as the only cgurt for real
caufes. The chief judge is called the
lord chief juflice of the common pleas,
and he is aflilled by three or four afTo-
2* ciates,

COM

ciates, created by letters patent from
the king. C'ewe//.

Co'm mon able. aifj. [from cemKon,] What
is held in common.

Much good land might be gained from forcfV;
and cdulis, and from other uiKmixniU placrs, (j
>> thire ht cire taken that the pjor commoners
have no injury. Bactx to V:!I'.fu

Co'mmon-Ace. K.f. [from common.] I'hc
right of feeding on a common ; the
joint right of ufing any thing in com-
mon with others.

Co'mmonalty. n. /. [communaute,'?T.']

1. The common people; the people of the
lower rank.

Bid him ftrivc
To gain the love o* th" tommontihy j the duke
Sluil govern England. Sb»kc(peare.

There is in every Itate, as we know, two por-
tions of fubjcds ; the nobles, and the cammirally.

Bacon,

The emmet joined in her popular tribes
Of cot/imtKaky, MUti^ni ParaJifi Lc^.

All gentlemen are almoA obliged to it ; and 1
Jtnow no reafon we fho-jld give that advantage to
the ciimmoxaity of £ngiand, to be foremoft in brave
aftiirs. Dryd.n,

2. The bulk of mankind.

1 myfelf too will ufe the fecret acknowledg.
nnt'iit of the ccmmora/tft bearing record of the God
tif Gods. HookiT.

Co'm MON ER. ti.f. [from common.']
I. One of the common people; a man of
low rank, of nuean condition.

Doubt not
The ccwmonrrs, for whom we (land, but they,
Upon their ancient malice, will forger.

Shakffptare* i CnrioJarius.

His great men durft not pay their court to him,

till lie hid fatiated his thirll of blood by the death

o; lomeof his!oyal^5w;m£flfrx. jiddijt,nt Frteboldcr,

z. A mun not noble.

This ccm^nnii has worth and parti.
Is prais'd for arms, or lov'd for arts :
His head aches for a coronet ;
And who is blefs'd that is not great ? Prior,

3. A member of the houfe of commons.

There is hardly a greati^r difference between two
things, than there is between a reprefcnting com-
mivcr in his publick calling, and the lame perfon
in common lite. Siaift.

4. One who has a joint right in common
ground.

Much land might be gained from commonable
places, fo as there be care taken that the poor com-
aietrri have no injury. Eactn's Ad'vice to J^iUiers.

5. A lludent of the fecond rank at the
univerfity of Oxford ; one that eats at
the common table.

6. A proltitute.

Behold this ring,
Whofe high tcfpedt, and rich validity,
Did lack a parallel t yet, for all that.
He gave it to a comt!i:nir 0' th' camp. Shahff.

C 0 M M o N i't 1 0 N . ti.j. [commonitio, Latin. }
Advice ; warning ; inllruilion,

Co' MM ONLY. adv. [(xom common.] Fre-
quently ; ui'uaUy ; ordinarily ; for the
jnoft part.

This hand of yours retiuirei
Much cafiigation, eiercife devout ;
For here 's a ftrong and fweating devil here.
That (immvn/y rebels. Sbukefftere's Otttlh,

A great dileafc may.charge the frame of a budy,
though, if it lives to recover (Irength, it ccmmor/y
rrtiirn< 10 its natural conftit-jtion. 7<:m^le.

Co'm MOH NESS. «. /. [from fo/»«9«.]
1. Equal participation among tnauy.

Nor can the conrr'jr.refs of ttic guilt obviate the
ccniuie, there bci»j nothing more fr(i|ticuC tbap

COM

/or n«;n to acciife their own faults In otW-i; per-
fons. Cmfrrmait of thi TcKgut.

2. Frequent occurrence ; frequency.

Blot lot tliat maxim, r« nclun! dm m.tU aitm-
r'/lrjn: the canniKna'/i makes me not know who
ik the aulhor; but fuit he muft be fome modern.

Swift.

To Co M M o X p L a'c e. 1: a. Ta reduce to
general heads.

1 'i ) not appr-'iiund anydiliicultyincolleflingand
ccmpinfi/acifg an univtrfil liiO.ory tram the hifto-
riins. Ftlton.

Commonpla'cb-book. n./. A book in
which things to be remembered are
ranged under general heads.

I turned (o my aminoitf'htt-took, and found
his cafe under the word coquette. TatUr.

Co'm MON s, n. f.

1 . The vulgar ; the lower people j thofe
who inherit no honours.

Little office
The hateful common will perform for us ;
Except, like curs, to tear us all in pieces.

Stakeffeart's Richard II.
Hath he not pafs'd the nobles and the commons ?

Sbakeffean.
Thefe three Co kings and chiefs their fcenes dif-
play.
The reft before th' ignoble commons play. Dryd. Fab,

The gods of greaier nations dwell around.
And, on the right and left, the palace bound ;
The comment where they can : the nobisr fort,
With winding doors wide open, front the court.

Drydm.

2. The lower houfe of parliament, by which
the people are reprefented, and of which
the members are chofen by the people.

Aly good lord.
How now for mitigation of this bill
Urg'd by the commons? Doth hit majefty
Incline to it, or no ? Shatifpeares Henry VI.

In the houfe of commons many gentlemen, unfa-
tisficd of his guilt, durlt not condemn him.

King Charles.

3. Food ; fare ; diet: fo called from col-
leges, where it is eaten in common.

He painted himfelf of a dove colour, and took
his commons with the pigeons. VEJIrange.

Mean while (he quench'd her fury at the flood.
And with a Icnten fallad cooi'd her blood :
Their commons, though but coarfe, were nothing

Nor did their minds an equal banquet want. Dryd,

The dodlor now obeys the fummons.

Likes both his company and commons. Swift.

Co M M o N w e' A I, . In,/. [ from- common

Commonwe'alth. 3 and iveal, or

ivealth.]

1 . A polity ; an eftablilhed form of civil
life.

Two foundations bear up publitk foc'ieties ; the
one inclination, whereby all men defire fociable
life J the ntlier an order agreed upon, touching
the manner of their union in living together i tlie
latter is that which we call the law of a conmon-
nvcal. .• Hooker.

It was impolTible to make a csmmoniveal in Ire-
land, without fettling of all the eftitcs and polTcf-
fions throughout the kingdom. Dnvies on Ire/and,

A continual parliament would but keep the r&;«-
mmzunil in tune, by ptcferving laws in their vi-
gour. Kir.g Charles.

There is no body in the commomvealtb of learn-
ing who docs not profefs himfelf a lover of truth.

Locke.

2. The publick ; the genera! body of the
people.

Such a prince.
So kind a father of the commonweal, Sbak. B, IV.
Their fons are well tutored by you : you are a
good member of the commonwealth,

Staktffeart'i Ltvt'l iaitur Lfft-

COM

3. A government in which the fuprcine-
power is lodged in the people ; a repub-
lick.

Did he, or do yet any of them, imagine
The gods w uld (leep to fuch a Stygian praflice,
Againil that commonwealth which they have found*
cd ? yonjon^

C-Mm'.nvjealihs were nothing more, in their ori-
ginal, but free cities ; though fometimes, by force
of order and difcipline, they have extended them-
felves into mighty dominions. Temple.

Co'm morance. 7 n,f. [from commerant.\
Co'mmorancy. J Dwelling; habita*
tion ; abode ; refidence.

The very quality, carriage, and place of re«mn«.
ranee, of witnefles is plainly and evidently fet forth.

Hale.
An archbilhop, out of his diocefe, becomes fub-
je£l to the archbilhop of the province where he has
his abode and commorancy, Aylifc's Parergon.

CO'MMORANT. adj. [commorans, La-
tin.] Refident; dwelling; inhabiting.

The abbot may demand and recover his monk,
that is commorant and reliding in another mor.a-
(iery. jiylife's Parergon.

Commo'tion. n.f, [commotio, Latin.]

1. Tumult ; difturbance ; combuAion ; fe—
dition ; publick diforder; infurreftion.

By fla.t'ry he hath won the common hearts ;
And, when he'll pleafe to make commotion,
'Tis to b« fear'd they all will follow him.

SBakcfpfare's Henry VI,
When ye (hall hear of wars and commotions^ be
not tcrriiicd. Luke, xxi. 9.

The Iliad con(i(ls of battles, and a continual com-
motion ; the Odyfley in patience and wifdom.

Brocme^s Notes on the OdyJJly.

2. Perturbation ; diforder of mind ; heat ;.
violence ; agitation.

Some (Irange commotion
I> In bis brain; he bites his lips, and (larts,

Shskelpeare's Henry VUI.
He could not debate any thing without fomecoB-
moiion, wb<n the argument was not of moment.

Claraidow,.

3. Difturbance ; reftleflnefs.

Sacrifices were ofl'eredwhen an earthquake hap-
pened, that he would allay the commotions of the wa-
ter, and put an end to the earthquake.

ff'oodward's Natural Hifory.
Commo'tioner. n.f. \_Uom commotion.]
One that caufes commotions ; a dt4lurber
of the peace. A word not in ufe.

The people, m^re regarding commotioners than
commilTioneis, docked together, as clouds duller
agalnft a ftorm. Hayward.

To Commo've. v. a. [commoveo, Latin.]
To difturb ; to agitate ; to put into a
violent motion ; to unfettle. Not uftd..

Straight the fands,
Commov'd around, in gathering eddies play.

Thomfn^s Sutnmer,
To CO'MMUNE. 1'. n. [commuitico, La-
tin.] To converfe; to talk togethar j
to impart fentiments mutually.

So long ai Guyon with her communed.
Unto the ground (he call her modeft eye ;

And ever and anon, with rofy red,
The balhful blood-iier <aoW7 checks did dye.

Fairy £^een.
twill eomr.iir^ with you of fuch things
That want no ears but yours.

fhakijpi.jre's Mt^fure fr Meafure,
TJiey would foibc.ir open hodility, and refort un-
to hi m peaceably, that they might commune together
as friends. Hayward,

Then commune, how tliat day they br-ft may ply
Their growing wark. Afi/tcn's Paradifi L-^.

Ideas, as ranked under names, arc thofe that,
for the moft part, men rcilbn of within thcmfclws,
and always thofe which tbey csmmune about vfuh
others. Lode.

COMMV)-

CO M

'CoMMUNicABi'iiTv. «./. [from ««-'
ynunicalle-l The quality of being com-
'municable ; capability to be imparted.

Com mu'njc ABLE, adj, [from communi-
cate.'\

H. That which may Isecome the common
poffeffion of more than one : with lo,

Sith eternal life is ccmmum:able unto all, it bc-
hoovcth that the word of God be fo likcwife.

Hwka.

3. That which may be recounted ; that
of which another may (hare the know-
ledge : with to.

Nor let thine own inventions hope
Things not reveal'ii, which th' invifible king.
Only omnifcient, hath fupprcfi'd in night,
I'd none ccmmunkabit in earth or heav'n,

M-.'ua's Paradiji Ufi.
3. That which may be imparted.

The happy place
Rather inflames thy torment, rcprefenting
Loft bltfs, to thee no more ummuniciihh.

Miltm^t PiiraJifc RfgaireJ.
Oommu'nicant. ». /. [from communl-
cate.'\ One who is prefent, as a worfliip-
per, at the celebration of the Lord's
Supper ; one who participates of the
blefled facrament.

C:irmumcavls have ever ufed it ; and we, by the
form of the very utterance, do fliew we ufe it 35
cctrmunicttntt, Ihiier.

A conflant fcequenter of worfliip, and a never-
failing morithW cctmnunjranf. jirterhury's Sermons.
-Te COMMU'NICATE. 1-. a. {ccmmunico,
Latin.]

1. To impart to others what is in our
own power ; to give to others as par-
takers ; to confer a joint poffeffion ; to
beftow.

Common benefits are to be cmrnunUaied with
all, but prculiar benefits with choice. Bacon.

WJiere God is worfliipped, there he ccmmutii-
catcs bis bleflings and holy infiucDCes.

Taykr^t IVortty Ccpmuntcent.
Which of the Grecian chiefs conforts with thee ?
But Diomcde defires my company.
And Hill iim:muriiaui his prailc with me.

Dryiien^t Failct.

2. To reveal ; to impart knowledge.

I learned diligently, and do c(>nmvnicaie wifdom
liberally : I do not hide I er riches, lyijd. vii. 1 3.

3. It ha^ anciently the prepofition tuith
before the perfon to whom communi-
cation, either of benefit or knowledge,
was made.

Chjric- the Hardy would ccmmiiri.ate his fecrets
Tii/i none ; and, leaft of all, thofe fecrets which
trouble '■<'■■- ' . Baan.

He ihofc thoughts only tvltb the

lord Dr . . ; Colcpeper, and the chancel-

lor. Clartiidcrt.

A jonrncy of much adventure, which, to fliew
the fi.-ength of his privacy, had been before nut
CimmunUouH ivith any other, H'oti.r.

4. Now it has only 10 : Clarendon ufes
both tuitk and te.

I-ct him, that is tjught in the word, (ommini-
cati SUM him that ttacheth. Galai.ant, vi. 6.

His m,ijcfty frjnkl j promifed, th Jt he cuuld not,
in any drgrei:, cmmuniriiu 10 any ^eifun the nut-
ter, btf're he had takes and nmmunualid /« tlwm
'■' .. ilions. ClarirJia.

' fpeale in publick are better heard
■J,.: .. ^,.-1 Ufcourfc by a lively genius and ready
jjirmory, than v/hcn they read all they would cm-
tnuntcuu '.:> their hearers. fVatu*

?o Com M u'n I c A T E . v. n,

1. To partake of the blefled facrament.

The j>riiDitivcCktJIUliu/n»iii»n/(«/«f every day.

COM

2. To have fomething in common with '
another; TiS,thehoufescoriimtnticate; there
is a palfage between them, common to
both, by which either may be entered
from the other.

The whole body is nothing but a fyftcmof Aich
cansh, wliich all ccmntimcatc with one ancthet-,
mediately or immediately, j^rbuthra cri Alimnts.

CoKf MUNI Cj\'t ION. n. f, [from cotmnii-
nicatc. ]

1. The aft of impartiiig benefits or know-
ledge.

Buth together km completely for the reception
and commvn'xauon of learned knowledge.

Holier I FJimcvAi cf S^^-eetl-:

2. Common boundary or inlet ; paiiage or
means, by which from one place there is
a way without interruption to another.

The map fliews the natuial commuh'tca:kn provi-
dence has formed between the rivers and lakes of a
country at fo great a diftauce from the fca.

MJihn on Italy.

The Euxine fca 13 conveniently iituatcd for
trade, by the ccmmuKUalkn it haj both with Afia
and Europe. j'lrbuiinct.

3. Interchange of knowledge; good in-
telligence between fevcral perfons.

Secrets may be carried fo far, as to (top the rflw-
munuaiim necelfary among all who hare the ma-
nagement of (iffairs. Sioi/r.

4. Conference ; converfation.

Abner had communiiation with the elders of Ifcaf !,
faying, ye fought for David in times pall to be
king over you: now then do it. x 6Vmi<r/, iii. 17.
7 he chief end of lar^uag;, in f^ni'TunUatiar^
being to be underllooJ, wotda fervc not tor tlut
end, when any word does not excite in the heareis
the fame idea which it llanda for in the mind
of the fpeaker, l.scke,

Commij'nicative. ttcfj. [from c':mmu.
nicafe."] Inclined to in.ikc advantages
common; liberal of benefits or know-
ledge ; not clofe ; not felfilh.

V/e conceive them mote than fome envious and
mercenary {ardeners will thank us for j but they
deferve not the name of that ccrnnuricaih-e and
noble profeffion. Evtlyn'i Ka'cnJar.

We have paid for our want of prudence, and
determine for the future to be lefs cimmurtUmive.
Stvift ar.d Prf>e.

Commu'kicativeness. n./. [fromr^w-
miiiiicaii've.1 The quality of being com-
municative, of bellowing or imparting
benefits or knowledge.

He is not only^the moll communicative of all
beings, but he will alfo communicate himfclf in
fuch meafure as entirely to fatisfy ; othcrwife
fome degrees of ammunkatl'vejufi would be want-
ing. Norr'iS.

Commu'nion. n./. \_communio, Latin.]
I. Intercourfe ; fellowfhip ; common pof-
feffion ; participation of fomething in
common ; interchange of tranfadions.

ConfiJer, finally, the angels, as having with us
that nmmunUti wlii.h th-- ap )fth to the: lltiijrews
noicth ; and in regard whereof .mgtrls iiLive notdif-
daincd to prolefs themfcl\cs our jieUow-lervants.

We are not, by ourfelvea, fufljcient to furniih
ourielves with compctnit fto.'Ci fjr fuch a life a
our nature doth dclircj tlirrcr'jic we are naturally
induced to fi:ek immuniiK And tellowfhip \^ith
others. • jfcohn.

Tlic Ifraclites had never any amirunhti or aiiairs
with the £tbio|>ians. Bjltigb.

Thon, fo pleas'd,
Canft vaife thy creature to what height thou wilt
Of union, ot unmunian, deified. Aiiit. Pa'. Lt/1.

We maintain cmmuniim with Cod himfclf, and
are made in the fame degree partaksts of the divine
nuture, i I'iddcs.

COM

The common or publick celebration o^ .
the Lord's Suoper ; the participation o*
the ble.Ted facianient.

They refolveJ, that the ftanding of the i;o«-
iffaeion table in all churches fiiuuld be altered.

Cbarerdor* '
Tertullian reporteth, that the plflure of Chrill
was engraven upon the commtiTii-m cup,

Peachom or. Drawing,

31 A common or publick aft.

Men began publickly to call on the naTie of riie
Lord; that is, they fcrvcd and ptaifcd God by
ccmmunkn, and in publick manner.

Raicigfs Uifiory of the H-'cr/J.

4, Union in the common worfhip of any
church.

Rare communhn with a good church can never
alone make a good man ; if it could, we fhould
have no iMd ones. South,

Ingenuous men have lived and died in the csk-
mvnkn of that church. Stitlirgficrt.

Co.MMu'NiTy. n. f. \^commumtas , Latin.]

1. The commonwealth ; the body politick.

How could connnun]u:iy
Degrees in fcln^ols, arid brotherhood in cities,
But by degree ftand in authentick place ?

Shakejfean's'troilus and Crrjpdam

Not in a fingle perfon only, but in a community
or multitude ot men. Hcmi'.imVs Fundamcnials.

This parable may be aptly enough cxpoundeJ of
the laws that fecurc a civil community. L^EJlran^e,

It is not defigned for her own ufe, but for nie .
whole COT »:<f>i;r)'. Aldijon'i Guardian,

The love of our country is imprelTed on our
mind for the prefervation of thi commuitity.

j^Jdifcn's f'reeb'ifdtr.

He lives not for hi mfelf alone, but hath a regard
in all his ailions to the great connnuniry. yifttrbury,

2. Comnion poffeffion ; the ftate contrary
to property or appropriation.

Sit up and revel,
Call all the great, the fair, and fpirited damej
Of Rome about thee; and begin a fafliion
Of r'nedom and community. Bin "Jonjoti,

The undillindtion of many in the community of
name, 01 mifapplicatiun of the aft of one unto
the other, bath made fome doubt thereof.

Broiun^s Vu 'gJr Krrourt,

This text is far from proving Adam fole pro-
prietor; it is a confirmation of the original c-k-
»rwnfVy of all r.hings. Locke,

3. KrequertS'/ ; commonnefs. Not in uie.

He was but, as the cuckow is in June
Heard, not regarded ; fcen, but with fuch eyes,
As, fick and blunted with cumwvnity,
A ft'ord no extraordinary gaze. Staitffeare,

Commutabi'lity. n.f. \frorct commuta-
l>lc.'\ The quality of being capable of
exchange.

Commu'table. adj. [from commiiU.'\
That may be exchanged for fomething
elfe ; that may be bought off, or raa-
fomed.

CoMMuTA'Tiot-'. »,/. [from ccminuie.'l

1, Change; alteration.

An innocent nature could hate nothing thatwaj
innocent : in a woyi, fo great i-i the C'lnmutafionj
that the foul then hated only that which now only '
it lives, i. e. fin. Saurb'i Scrmr^ns,

2. Exchange ; the aft of giving one thing
for another.

The whole univcifc it fupported by giving and
returning, by commerce aod commutaiion,

S'.utb'i Scrmem,

According to the prefent temper of mankind, it
is abfolutely nccclTary that there be fome method
and means cf c^mKuiaticin, a£ that of miney.

Kay on lie Crrati;n.

The ufe of money, in the commerce and tralfick
of mankind, is that of faving the cctntnutalivn of
mote bulky commodities. ^rbutkp't m C'lir.t,

Z z 2 3 Ranfom r

4.

C O M

\ Hanfom ; the aft of exchanging a cor-
poral for a pecuniary puoifhrnent.

The law of GuU liad allowed 3n evalioDi that t^,
by way of ;9ntMutatiim or redemption. Brvwn^

Commu'tative. ailj. [from commute.']
Relative to exchange ; as, commutati'vt
juft'ict, tliat honefty which is exercifeil
in traffick, and svliich is contrary to
fraud in bargains.

7a COMMUTE. T'. a. [ccmmato, Latin.]

1. To exchange ; to put one thing in the
place of another ; to give or receive one
thing fiir ;;nother.

Thii will crrrmutt o'lf talks ; exchange thcfi
plcafant and gainful onc&, which OodT aHtgns, Wn
thole oneaf} and I'ruitlefs ohes wu impolb onour.
Idves. DitayifPiiy

2. To buy off", or ranfom one obligation
by another.

Some ctmmatt fwcaring for wboiingi u if for-
bearance of the unc were a ditpcnfaiian (st thr
other. L^EJirangf.

To Commu'te. "v. n. To atone; to bar-
gain for exemption.

Thofc inflitutions which G^d dcfigncd f jr mcun.s
to further men in holincG, they look upon as a
f rivUegc to fervii inllcad of it, and to commute for
it. ii.u:b's Senncm.

Commu'tuai.. a,^j. [con and mutual. ]
Mutual ; reciprocal. Uled only in poe •
try.

Love our hearts, and Hymen did our hand^*,
I'nite iomnuiual in moll facred bands.

* Shakcfptarc^s lI.tmLt,

There, with ctmmmaal zea\, wc both h.>d llrovc
In aAs.of dear, henevolence and. love;
Brothers in peace, not rivaU in sommanti.

Pcpc', Odyfey.

CO'MPACT. «. / [faSum, Latin.] A
contrad ; an accord ; an agreement ; a
mutual and fettled appointment between
two or more, to do or to forbear Ibmc-
thing. It had anciently the accent on
the laft fyllable.

1 liope the king made peace with all of us ;
And the iom^'nit is firm and true in me.

Sbalithctire'i Wubard III.
In the beginnings of fpccv h there v.as an im-
plicit rmi^oi'?, founded upon common confcnt, that
luch words, voices, or gefturcs, Ihould be figni
whereby they wnuld cxprcfs their thoughts. Soitch.
To Compa'ct. •v.a. [compingo,. compac-
tum, Latin.]

1 . To join together with firmnefs ; to
pnite clofely ; to confolidate.

inform her full of my particuhu fears :
And thereto add fuch realons of your own,
As may ccmpad it more. Shakrjfture' i King Lrar,

Nor arc the nerves of his t'.mjmii.J Itrcugth
Stretch'd and diirolv'd inio uufwiew'd length.

Dtnbtim,

By what degrees this cartji's confaflcd fphcre
W.IS harden'd, woods, and rucks, and towns, to
bear. R ffiommon,

Thi> difeaCe it more dangerous, at the folids are
more (UiS and comfnHiJ , and confequcntly more
fo as pc'iple arc jdvtinccd in age. ^yhuth, on fJiet.

Now the bright fun ampaffi the precious ftune,
Imparting radiant luftre like his ovta.

BUcknsorci CrtaU

2. To m'ake out of fomething.

If he, comjijft of j.rrs, grow mutical.
We (hail hive (hortly difcord in the fphetes. Shat.

3. To league with.

Thou pernicious woman,
Com^i>0 with her Chat's gone, ihink'll tlioo thy

oaths,
Though t icy would fwear down each particular fa^.
Were tettimunlo ? Sbakiff.Mi ajurtfur Idujurt,

COM

4. To join together ; to bring into a fyf-
tem.

Wc fee the world fo cfsmfaHiJ, thateach thing
prefcrveth other things, and alfo itfclf. lUoier.

Compa'ct. a/(/. [cotnpaQus, Latin.]
I. Firm ; folid ; dole; denfe ; of firm
texture.

Is not the denfity greater in free and twen fpaces,
void of air and other grorter bodies, than within
tile pore> of water, glat:i) cr^ttal, gems, and other
i'.mfaB bodies ? Nni'ion'i Ofikks.

Without attraflion, tlic diflcvcred particle-* nf'
the chaos could never convene into luch great rw>;-
ptifi mafl'es as ttic plan«a. Bitf.Uy.

"2. Cbmpol'cd ; confilling.

'I'hc hinatic, tlie lover, and the poet.
Are of imagination all car.faS. ShaktCftart .

A wand'ring fire,
O^mpdf? of unfluous vapour, which the night
And the cold environs around condenfcs,
Kindled through agitation to aflame. Miller..
.3. Joined; held together.

In one hand I'an has a pipe of fcven reeds, r»m-
ftii3 with wax together. I'eaihitm,

4. Brief, and well connedled ; as, a com-

paft dijcourfe.
Where a foreign tongue is elegant, cxpreflive,

clofe, and tomfaSi, we mull ftudy the utmoll force

of our language. Film.

Compa'ctedness.»._/; [from compared. ]

Firmnefs ; denfity.

Sticking or ccmpafitilncfi, being natural to den-
fity, requires fome excels of gravity in proportion
to the denfity, or fame other outward violence, to
break it, 1^'gh' "" Buiks.

Thofc atoms are fuppofed infrangible, extreme-
ly compared and hard ; which compatUdnHi and
hardncfs is a dcmonftration that uuciiing could be
produced by them. Ciicjtu,

Compa'ctly. ad'u. [from e»mpall.\

1 . Clofely ; denfely.

2. With neat joining ; with good com-
pafture.

Co M p a'c r N E s s . n. f. [ from compa3.'\
Firmnefs ; clofenefs ; denfity.

Irradiancy or fparklin;;, found in many gems,
is not difcovcrable in this, for it Cometh (hort of
their cimpaHmj' ^ud durity. Jircvin.

The beft lime mortar will not have attained its
utmoft ciMfa^riiiJs, till fourfcorc years after it has
been employed in building. This is one rcafon
why, in dcmolilhing ancient fabrics, it is cafier to
break the ftone than the mortar. B'y/e.

The reil, by re.ifoii o( the arfnilntji of terrcf-
trial matter, cannot make its way to wells.

Com p a'ctu R E. B./ [from fo/w^rti-'Z. ] Struc-
ture ; manner in wiiich any thing is
joined together ; compagination. A
good word, but not in ule.

And over it a fair iiortcullis hong.
Which to the gate dircrtly did incline.
With comely comj>afs, and compiitiure ilron^.
Neither unfeemly Ihort, nor yet exceeding long.

Fairy H^em,

COMPA'GES.a.f. [Latin.] Afyflcmof

many parts united.
The organs in animal bodies are only a regular

ccKpagcs of pipes and vclTcIs, for the fluidj ro pafs

thriugh. Ray.

Co M ? A G I N a't ion , ft./, [cimpago, Latin.]

Union; llrufture; jundion; connexion;

contexture.

The intirc or broken omfaghaiinr. of the mag-

netic;\l fabrick under it. Bro-:un's Vulgar Emun.

Co'mpan ablen ESS. n./. [from company.]

The quality of being a good companion ;

fociablcnefs. A word not now in uli;.

His eyes full of merry Cjiplicity, his words of
hearty iumpaneblmeftt Sidney. '

COM

Co'm p a n I a b l e . adj. [ from campa^y.] So-
cial ; having the qualities of a compa-
nion ; fociable ; maintaining friendly
intercourfe.

Towards his queen he was nothing uxorious, but
comptiriahle and refpeftive. Bacon's Henry VII.
Co M p a'n I o N . «./. [cot/ipagnoti, French. ]

1. One with whom a man frequently con-
verlea, Or with whom he fhares his hours
of reL-ixation. It differs from />"/W» »s-
acquaintance from cuiifidence.

How now, my lord ? vsliy do you keep atone ?
Of foti'ieil fancies your c(,mpani'>ri make ?

Sbakejpeart't Macbeth*
Some friend is a ccmpanim at the tabie, and wiU
not continue in the day of thy atiliflion.

Eccltti. vi. 10.
With anxioi/i doubts, with raging pafTioos torn.
No fweet ctmfgnion near with whom to mourn.

Pritr.

2. A partner; an alToclate.

Epaphroditus, my brother and enrpankn in la-
bour, and fellow foldier. Phi/, ii. ij.

Bercav'd of ha|'pinefs, thou may 'ft partake
His punilhment, eternal mifcry;
Which would be all his folacc and revenge.
Thee once to gain companion of his woe. Milton^

3. A familiar term of contempt ; a fellow.

I fcorn you, fcut^'y compatiion '. What ? you poor,
bafc, rafcally, cheating, iack-linnen mate ! away,
you mouldy rogue, away ! Shaiefp. Henry IV,

It gives boldncfs to .every petty companion to
fpread rumours to my defamation, where I cannot
be prefent. Retkigb,

Compa'n tON ABLE. adj. [from ctmpa-
nion.] Fit for good fellowfhip ; focial ;
agreeable.

He had a more CMpanicnablc wit, and fwayei
more among the good fellows. Clarentioti,

Compa'nion ABLY. odv. [from compa-
nionable.] In a companionable manner.
Compa'niowship. n.f. \ixoTacompanion.'\

1. Company; train.

Alcibiadcs, and fome twenty horfe.
All of compani'.njhip. Sbakijpiarc'i T-'msii.

2. Fellowfliip ; affociation.

If it lie honour in your wars to fcem
The fame you arc not^ which, for your beft ex3d^>-
You call your policy ; how is 't Icfs, or worfc.
That it ihall I'lold companiiKfi.-ip in peace
With honour as in war ? ^bakijptaiet Coriolanus.

CO'MPAN Y. n. /. [cowpngnie. French,;
either from con and pagus, one of the
fame town ; or con and pants, one that
eats of the fame mefs.]

1 , Perfons aflembled together ; a body oi
men..

Go, carry Sir John Falftaff to the Fleet ;
Take all his company along with him.

^bakej'pcjie'i Henry IV.
Honeft company, I thank you all.
That luve beheld me give away myf-df
To this moft patient, fwcct, aiid virtuous wife.

Hbakefpeare*

2, Perfons aflembled for the entertain-
ment of each other ; an affembly of
pleafure.

A crowd is not company ; and faces are but a
gallery of piflurcs, where there is no love.

Bacon's EJ/liys,

3, Perfons confidered as afTcmbled for con-
verfation ; or as capable of convcrfation
and mutual entertainment.

Monficur Zulichem came to me among the reft
of the good company of the town. Tcp^U*

Knowledge of men and manners, the freedom of
habitudes, and conveffation with the beft company
of both fcxes, is neccflary. Dryden,

9 4. The

COM

T. The Hate of a companion ; the aft of
accompanying ; converfation j fellow-
ihip.

it is more pleafanc to enjoy the cnrpany of him
that can fpeak fuch rords, than by fuch words to
be pcrfuaded to follow folitarincfs. Sidny.

Nor will 1 wretched thee
In death fortikc, htit keep thee amftvy.

Drydcn's FnHes.
Abdallah grew by degrees fo enamoured ot" her
convcrfition, that he did not think he lived when
he was not in cumpany with hia belond Ballora.

Guardian,

5. A number of perfons united for the
execution or performance of any thing ;
a band.

Shakelpeare was an aflor, when there were feven
ninpamti ot pla>crs in the town together. DcnnU.

6. Perfons united in a joint trade or part-
nerfhip.

7. A number of fome particular rank or
proi'effion, united by Jome charter ; a
body corporate ; a fiibordinate corpora-
tion.

This emperor feems to have been the firft who
incorporated the fcveral trades ot' Rome into fom-
pdiiia, with their p»titular privileges.

Abuthnot on Coins,
2. A fubdivifion of a regiment of foot ; fo
many as are under one captain.

Every captain brought with him thrice fo many
in his cirrpany as waj esprded.

Knolla'i Hi/larf <>/ the Tnrli,
Q. \ ^""' Company. J To accompa-
'■ I To keep CoMPANV. 3 ny ; to aflbci-
ate with ; to be companion to.

1 do delirc thee

To hear me ccmfany, and go with me. .'\t,iiiff.

Thoft Indian wives are loving tools, and may

do well to iaf comfany with the Arrias and Portia's

ot" old Aomc. Dryden.

Admitted to that equal flcy,
Hi» faithful dog /hall h<ar him comfjny.

Pope'i EJay >,n Man.

Why fliould be call her whore ? Who kt,fi hex

(CmpMy f Shatc^eart', Utbcllo.

10. To keep Com PAN v. To frequent
houfes of entertainment.

11. Sometimes in an ill fenfe.

To Co'm p a n V . -:.•. n, [from the noun.] To
accompany; to attend; to be companion
to ; to be alTuciateti with.

i am
The foldier that did cimfanj thcfc thuee.

Shahfftart's Cymiiiim.

Thus, through what patli I'oc'erof life we rove,

Rage cimfatia our hate, and grief our love. Prkr,

To Co'm p a n y . 1/. ».

t. To aflbciate one's felf with.

I M(rotc to you not to amfany with fornicators.

1 Cor, V. 9.

2. To be a gay companion. Obfokte.

For there ti'.oa i.eed: mull learn to laugh, to lye.
To face, to forge, to fccff, to ccmfary.
, Sflnfcr'l Huhirrd's Tale.

Comparable, nrfj. [from To comptirc]
"Vt orthy to be compared ; of equal re-
gard ; worthy to contend for preference.

This prcfenc world affordeth not any thing cow-
ffrabU unto the publick duties of religion. Uookir.
A min ctimfarabtt with any of the captains of
that ajc, an excellent fol.Iier loth by lea anif land.
. KnrMii's ll,pry -Jihirurhs.

There is nobleffing of life amf arable to the en-
joyment of a difcreet jnd vittuoui friend.
, Add'ijon'i Sjeftator.

COMPARABty. aii-v. [ from comparahle. ]
Jn a manner or degree worthy to be
compared.

COM

There could no form for fuch a royai ufe'be
Citnpcirably imagined, ^ike that of the furcf.ii 1 na-
ti""' H'orton's AixkutHure.

Compa'rates. n./. [from comfare.'\ in
logick, the two things compared to one
another.

Compa'rative. at!j. [compnrativiis , Lat. ]

1 . EAimated by comparifoii ; not pofuive ;
not abfolute.

Thou wert dignified cnoiii.'h,
Ev'n to the point of envy, if 'twe;e iti.ide
O^mparatl've for your virtues, to be ftilcd
The under hangman of his realm. SL.ik. Cymbe/ine.

There refteth the ccmparailvr, chat is, fgrantcd
that it is either lawful or binding; vet whether
other things be no: to be preferred before the ex-
tirpation of herefics. Bacjn,

The bloflbm is a politive good j although the
remove of it, to give place to the fruit, be a om-
parathve good. Bacon.

This bubble, by realbn of its comparative levity
to tlie fluid thatinclofcs it, would nccelfarily afcend
to the top. Bent/iy,

2. Having the power of comparing differ-
ent things.

Beauty is not known by »n eye or nofc; it con-
fifts in a fymmetry, and it Is the comparaiive fa-
culty which notes it. Ghniiillc! Scepfts Scknifca.

3. [In grammar.] The comparative de-
gree expreffes more of any quantity in
one thing than in anotlier; as, the right
hand i J the ftrouger.

CcTmpa'ratively. etJv, [from eompara-
ti've.y In a ftate of comparifon ; ac-
cording to eftimate made by compari-
fon ; not pofitively.

The good or evil, which is removed, may be
cftccmcd good or evil amparaiively, and not pofi-
tively or fimply. £^,,.„.
In this world, whatever is called good, is c.mpa-
rativcly with other things of its kind, or with the
evil mingled in its copipofition ; fobcisagood
mnn that is better than mer. commonly a^e, or in
whom the good qualities are more than the had.
_, Temple,
The vegetables being ntnpVMively lightur th.in
the ordinary terreftriil matter of the gl.be, fub-
fided Uft. it^ood-.uard.
But how few, comparatrvrly, arc the inilancct
of this wife application ! Rfen,
TaCOMPA'RE. f. rz. [cornpar!), Latin'.]
I. To make one thing the meafure of an-
other ; to eftimate the relative goodncfs
orbadnefs, or othej- qualities, of any one
thing, by obferving how it differs 'irom
fomcthing elfe.

I will hear Brutus fpeak..— —
I will hear CalTius, and cutipi^r,- their rcafons.

Shaki}peare.
They meafuring thcmfelves by theip&lvc,', an/i
comparing thcmfclvc* among thcmfclves, are n<\
«■'<■• 2 Ccr. X. .3.

No man can thiuk it grievous, who confidtt-
the pkafureand fweutncls of lojve, and ;hc glorious
viflory of overcoming evil with' good ; and then
comparer thefe with the relH.-fs torment,' an I per-
petual tumults, of a malicious and revengeful
(■P'^t- . ^ TUktf,^.

He that his got the ideas of number!, and h.ith
taken the p lins to compare one, twn, and three, to
fix, cannot chiife but know they are equal. Lech.
Thus much of the wrong judgment men make
of prcfent and future pleafurc and pain, when thev
are compared together, and fo the abfent confidrred
as future. /,„?,

'., It may be obferveJ, that when the com-
parifon intends only fimilitude or iljuf-
tration by likenefs, wc iifc to before the
thing brought for illolbation ; as, he
compart ti anger to a fire.

Solon compared the people unto ;he fea, and ora-
tors and counfellors to the winds ; for th^t the lea
would be cnlit) and quiet, if the vvinds did ii-Jt
. trouble it. Bticen's ylpophlbcgm-,

3. When two perfons or things are com-
paredj to dilcovcr their relative propor-
tion of any quality, luith is ufed before
the thing ufed as a meafure.

Black Macbeth
Will fccm as pure as fnow, being co>npar''d
fViih my confinelefs harms. Shukcjp, Macbeth.

To compare
Small things laieh grcatell, Mihin's Far. Reg,

He carv'd in ivory fuch a maid fo fair,
As nature could not OTi>i> his an compare. Drydcr..

It he compares this tranflation ivith the original,
he will find that the three firft ftanzas arc rendeieil
almoll word for word. Addihii's SpcBaf.r.

4. To compare is in Spejtfer ufed after the
Latin comparo, for to get ; to procure ;
to obtain.

But, both from back and belly, ftill did fpare
To fill his bags, and riches to compare. Fairy i^
Compa're. n. /. [from the v«rb.]

1. The ftate of being compared ; compa-
rative eftimate ; comparilbn ; poifibility
of entering into comparifon.

There I the rarcll things havefeen,
Oh, things without compare ! SucUing.

As their fmall galleys may not hold compare
With our tall ihjps. H'aller.

Beyond compare the Son of God was fcen
Mod glorious. Mi/ion's Paradife Lofi,

2. Simile; fimilitude 5 iiluftratian by com-
parifon.

'Irue fwaijis in love (h.ill, in tjif world to come,
Approve their truths by Troilus ; when their

rhymes.
Full of proted, and oatli, and big compare.
Want fimilies. i>hakffp. Troilus and Crcjfida.

Compa'risok.w./ [i(;/K/i7?vr//i«, French.]

1. The aft of comparing.

Natalis Comes, comparing his parts with thnfu
ot a man, reckons his cl.iws amon^' them, which
. are much mure like tlmle of a lien ; fo Ciify it is
to dri\i on the compaiijon too far to make it good,
Grcui^t Ddujttum.
Our author foves jne the cmparijin with tra-
gedy ; for he fays, that herein .he is to imitate the
tr^ick poet. _ Dryden.

2. The ftate of being compared.

If v« will rightly eltimatc what \vc call good
and iLv'ii, we fliall fiud it lies muoli In comfarijrn.

Loekt.

Oojcfls near our view qre apt, ti» be though:
greater than thofe of a larger fize that are mof*
remote ; and fo it is with pkafuec and pain ; the
prelent is apt to cany it, and tbofc at a diftance
have the difadvantage in the ccmparifin. Loeke.

3. A comparative ellimate ; proportion.

It men would live as religii.n rrouires, the world
vv.iuld tie a mod lovely and defirablc place, in jem-
pariftn of what now it is. TiUvJioK.

One can fcarcc imagine. how fo plentiful a foil
(hould becOTne fo miferably unpeopled, in compa-
r'lj'.r, of whrrtitoncewas. Addij. Remarks oh Italy.

4. A fimile in writing or fpeakipg ; an il-
luftration by fimilitude.

As fair and as good u kind of hand in hjnd cok-
parijon, hid been ibmethiug too lair and too good
for any ladj. kbake/poire.

5. [Ill grammar.] The formation ofanad-
jeftive through its various degrees of fig-
nification ; ^i,Jlrong,J{ronga-,J}rougeJf,

To COMPA'RT. <y. a. {(otnfartir, J<r.
from con and pnnior, Lat.] 'Vo divide ;
to mark out a general defign into its va-
rious parts and fubdivifions.

I make haftc to the calling and comparting of
the whole work. IVutiin's Ar.l'it.elure,

Compa'rti-

COM

CpMrA*RTiMl!NT. ». / [comfar/hiteirh
French.] A divifion of a pifture, or de-
fign.

Vhe circumfeience is diviJcJ 'nto twelve cem-
p3T!h:a>tt, each containing a cpmplete pifture.

Ptft.
Couparti'tion. «./ [ttovncpmparS.'\

1. The afl of comparting or dividing.

I will come lo the c;mf>iirri'ion, by whicn the
aulhors of this aj t underftand a graceful and ufe-
iul diftribut'on of the wliolc gtoundplot, both for
ri>om» of oliice and entertainment. H-'cltm.

2 . The parts marked out, or feparated ; a
feparate part.

Their temples and amphitheatres needed no com-
ptn'itiimi. ff^atons jitMtcfturc.

Compa'rtmekt. (7. / [comparliment,
Prench.] Divifion^ ieparate part of a
ileCgn,

Ihe i()nare will make you ready for all manner
vi comfarimtnti, bafes, pedcftals, and buildings.

Peacbem en Drutvtng,

To COM'PASS. -v.a. [compajfer, Fr. com-

Jiaffiire, Ital. pajphus meiiri, Latin.]
J . To encircle ; to environ ; to furround ;
to inclofe : it has fometimes around, or
about, added.

Adarkfomc way.
That deep defcended through the hollow ground,
And was with dread and horrour cumfeffid arnunJ.

Fairy Sluar.
1 fee thee compafi'd with thy kingdom's peers.
That fpeak my i'a;utation in their minds.

Sbakeffcart's Macbitb.
Now all the bleflings
Of a glad father f;m/Wl thee a/'0«r.' Sbak.TempiJl.
The fliady trees cover him with their (hadow :
the willows of the brook cemfaji him ehout.

Job, x1. II,
Obferve the crowds that comf^fs him arouril.

Drycieni Virgil.

To dare that death, I will approach yet nigher ;

Thus wert thou cot7:f,-JJidvi\ih circling fire. Dry J.

2. To walk round any thing.

Old Chorineus ampafi'd thrice the crew,
AlM dipp'd an olive-branch in holy dew,
Which thrice he fpjinkied round. Drydcn's JEn.

3. To beleaguer ; to befiege ; to block.

Thineenemies (hill caft a trench about thee, and
comfiifi thee round, and keep thee in on every fide.

I^kt, xix. 43.

4. To grafp ; to inclofe in the arms ; to
fcize.

5. To obtai\i ; to procure ; to attain ; to
"hare in the power.

That which by wiidom he faw to be requifite for
thit people, was by as great wifdom c-.mpajUd.

Hooktr^i preface.

His ma.ler being one of great regard,
1 1 court to cir.fafi any fuit not hard.

HMtrd'i Talf.

If I can check my erring love, I will;
If mt, to ccmpafi her I'll ufe my /kill. Shakejf.

How can you hope to ccjTipaJi your dciigns,
And not dilTemble them ? ' Daihami Sophy.

He had a mind to make himfclf maftcr of
Weymouth, if he could compafs it without engag-
ing his army before it. Clarcif/ldn.
' The church of Rome createth titular patriarchs
of Conftantinopie and Alexandria ; fo loth is ihc
pope to lufi: the remembrance of any title that he
hath once canfafjiJ. BreriWyx!.

Invention is the firft part, and abfjlutely ne-
celTary to them both ; ye: no rule ever was, or ever
tan be given, how to Ci,mfiiji it. Drydtn'i Dufrtf,

The knowledge oi what is good and what is

evil, what ought and what ojght not to be done,

thing too large to be compeJ/iJ, and too hard to

be maftered, without bruin;> and ftudy, parts and

eotta>Flatioii« ' Stuti.

CO M

Ii cv'ry work regard the writer's en!,
Since none can canfufi more than they intend.

Pcjv.

6. [In law.] To take mcafurcs prepara-
tory to any thing ; -ai, » compafs /be
death of the king.

Co'mpass. n.f. [from the verb.]
■I. Circle ; round.

This day I breathed firft ; time ii come ro»nd ;
And where I did begin, there (hall i end :
My life is run its c^pipafi, Sbaiifp* "yuliui Cafar.

z. Extent; reach; grafp.

O Juliet, I already know thy grief;
It ftrains me pad lUe cCftnfafs of my wits. Stahff.

That which is out of the compafs of any rnanS
power, is to that man impolTible. South^t Sfrni>ni.

How few there are may be juftly bewailed, the
compafs of them extending but from the time of
Hippocrates to that of Marcus Antoninus. Ttmph.

Animals in their gen«ration are wif^r than the

fons of men ; but their wifdom is confined to a

few particulars, and lies in a very narrow compuft.

Addifon"! SpetltJtet.

This author hath tried the force and anpaf: of
our language with much fucccft. 6^uift.

3. Space ; room ; limits, cither of time or
fpace.

No Itfs than the compafs of twelve bwks is
taken up in thcfc. Pope's Effay on Homer's JSafths,

The £nglilh arc good confederates in an ent:r-
prlzu which may be difpatchcd in a ihort CLmiafs
of time. Addifin's Frielr.U,r,

You have heard what hath been here done for
the poor by the five bofpirals and the workhoufe,
within the compafs of one year, and towards the
end of a long, exj-enfive war. Attirliury.

4. Enclofure; circumference.

And their mount Palatine,
Th' imperial palace, cojy.pafs hti^e, and fiigh
The ftrufture. MJt'.n' s Parjdife Regained.

Old Rome from fuch a race derivM her birth.
Which now on feven high hills triumphant reigns;
And in that comfafs all the world contains.

Dryden's Virv'd,

5. A departure from the right line ; an
indired advance ; as, to fetch a compafs
round the camp.

6. Moderate fpace ; moderation ; due li-
mits.

Certain it is, that in two hundred years before
(1 fpeak within ccmpah^ no fuch commiHion had
been executed in cither of tlicfe provinces.

Ddvics OK Ireland,

Nothing is likelier to keep a man within com.-

pafi, than the having conftantly before his eyes the

(late of his afiairs, in a regular -courfs of acccHmt.

/.«Jf'.

7. The power of the.Vdice to cxprefs the
notes ol mufick.

You would found me from my loweft note to
the top of my ctmpafs* St-ak.fpeare's hamkr*

From harmony, from heavenly harmony,
This univcrfal frame began :

From harmony to harmony
Through all tlic cvptifs of the notes it ran.
The diapafon clofing full in man. Drydcn.

S. [This is rarely ui'ed in the fingular.]
The inllrument with whiqh circles are
drawn.

If they be two, they are tw.i fo
As ftiff twin compaffes ixe two s
Thy foul, the fixt foot, makes no (how
. To move ; tut djth, if th' other dn. D.'.r.i.

In his hand
He took the e°'<'<=° compajfis, piepa.'d
In Cod's eternal (lore, to circiimlcribe
This unlvtifc, and all ctcattd things.

■ Ml/Ion's Paradiff Lcji.
To fix one fjot of their CM-.pofs wherever they
think fit, and extend the O'her to fuch tcrribi:
lengths, without defcriblng any c!rcu:Tiference at
ad, is to l;avc us a.'id thcir.f;lv'.j in a very uncrtain
ftate. it?//>.

C O M

9. The inflrument compofcd of a needle
and card, whereby mariners fteer.

■The breath oT religion fills the tils; profit is
the compafs by whi>.h fa£liou^ men fteer theJt
courfe. f^"^ CbarUi,

Rude as their flitps was navigation then^
No ulrful compafs or m'^ridian krtown :

Coafting they kept the land within their ken.
And k new no north but when ^c pole-ftar /hone.

Dryd.n.
With eoual force the tempeft blows by turns
From ev'ry corner of tlie fcaman's compafs.

Rowe's jane Shore,
He that firft difcovered the ufe of the cmfnfs,
did more for tlie fupptying and increafe of ufel'ul
c:>mmodities, than thole who built workhoufes.

Locke,

to. In old language there was a phrafe,

to come in compafs, to be brought round.

C0MPAS5-SAW. a. f.

The {cmpafs-faw (hould not have its teeth f;t,
as other (uw j have ; but the edge of it (hould be
made (j broad, and the back fo thin, that it may
ealily follow the bioad edge. Its ofiice is to cift a
round ; and therefore the edge muft be made broad,
and the back thin, that the back may have a wide
kerf to turn in, Aioxm,

COMP A'SSrON. n.f \compaffion, French,
from fi7« and /a/;V,Lat.] Pity; com-
mlferation ; ibrrow for the fufterings of
others ; painful fympathy.

Ye had compafjion of me in my bonds.

Ueirens, t. 34,
* Their angry hands

\ My brothers hold, and vengeance thefe exaS ;

This pleads compajfan, and repents the fa£t.
1 . Dryden's Faths,

1 The ^ood-natiired man is apt to be moved with
comp,!jJ;:n tor thofe misfurtu.ie3 or infirmitlci",
which another would turn into ridicule.

Addijon's Spectator,

To Compa'ssion. <v. a. [from the noun.]
To pity ; to compaffionate ; to comml-
ferate. A word fcarcely ufed,

O heavens ! can you hear a good man groan,
And not relent, or not c'j>':piiffiii: l.im ?

Sbakefprare's Titus Andr^nicut,
CoMPA SSIONATE. adj. [^bottt compaJJion.'\
Inclined to compaffion ; inclined to
pity ; merciful ; tender; melting ; foft;
eafily afFefled with forrow by the mifery
of others.

There never was any heart truly great and ge-
nerous, that was not alfo ttnder and compaffionate,
Soutb's Sermons*

To Compa'ssionate. <y. a, [from the
noun,] To pity ; to commiferate.

Experience layeth princes torn cftates before their
eyes, and withal perl'uades them to compaffioKats
themfelves. • RMcigb,

CcmpaJ/icKaies my pains, and pities me !
What is compafTion, when 'tis void of love ?

AdJifon's Cats,
CoMPA'S510NATELT.fl//T;. [frOm COIKpaf-

Jienate.] Mercifully ; tenderly.

The fines were alfigned to the rc'jullding St.
Paul's, and thought therefore 10 be the more fc-
verely impofed, and the lefs ctimp.jj/i9natcly reduced
and cxcufed. ClarendoH,

Compate'rkity. n.f, [ecu andpaterai-
tas, Latin.]

Goftipred, or compatirnity, by the canon law, ij
a fpiritual alKnity ; and a juror that was go.lip to
cither of the parties m'ght, in former times, have
be^n challenged as nut indid'crent by our law.

Davits's State of Ireland,

CoMPATlBl'LITy.»./[ from compatible. ]

Confiftency ; the power of co-exifting

with fomething elle ; agreement with

i any thing.

7 COMPA-

Com

COMPA'TIBLE. aJj. [corrupted, by an
unfkilful compliance with pronunciation,
from competible, from competo, Latin, to
fidtt to agree. Competible is found in good
writers, and ou^at always to be ufed. ]

1. Suitable to; lit for; confjitent with;
not incongruous tOi

The objedl o( the will is fuch a good as is cam-
faliiU to on inKlle^ud nature.

Htih's Origin cf Mar.k'o:d.

2. ConfWent; agreeable.

Our poets have joined together foch qualities as
are by nature the moft c-.mfatsilc ^ valour with
anger, mcekocrs with piety, and prudence with
diliimuljtion. Pr:cm^.

Compa'tibleness. ;;. / [from compati-
hU.'\ Confiftency ; agreement with any
thing.

Compa'tibly. adv. [from compallbU.']
Fitly ; fuitably.

Com p a't t e n t . adj. [from fo«.x^d patter,
Latin.] Suffering togethtr.' Di3.

Compa'triot. B.y" [frSm ccnandpafria,
Lat.] One of the fame country. Did.

The governor Icnew he v/as fo circumfpe^ as
not to adhere to any of the faftjons of the time,
in a neutrality indifferently and friendly entertain-
ing all his canpatrkit, DrummcnJ,
. Compe'er. n.f. [compar, Latin.] Bqual;
companion ; colleague ; aflbciate.

Scl'oftris,
That monarchs harnefs'd, to his chariot yok'd
Bafe fervitude, and his dethron'd ampcin
Lalh'd furioufly. Ph'ilips.

To Compe'er. c a. [from the noun.] To
be equal with ; to mate.

In his own grace he doth exalt hlmfdf
Mote than in your advancement,
i In my right.
By mc invefted, he compeeri the beil.

Skakt/peare's Khg Lear.
To COMPE'L. V. a. [compe/lo, Latin.]
1. To force to fome aft; to oblige; to
conllrain ; to neceHitate ; to urge irre-
fiftibly.
You will entpil me then to read the will ?

iihakffpcare'i yuliui Cafitr.
TKe fpinners, carders, fullers, temfJH by hun-
ger.
And lack of other means, in defp'rate manner
Daring ch' event to the teeth, ate ail in uproar.

Sictrjfetre.
He rcfufed, and faid,.I will not eat : but his
Servants, toge^er with the wom.in, timftilid him.
I Sjtmuti, xxvii. 23.
But firft the lawlefs tyrant, who de nic;
To know their God, or mciia^^, :o i .g^rd.
Mull be compelled by lign* and judgrr.cn:L dirr.

Mdlm.

All thefe bicffings could but enable, not cmftl,

us to be Happy. CiirerJm.

Whole droves of minds are by the driving god
Comftli dxa drink the deep Lethean floodr Dryiten.

2., To take by force or violence ; to ravifh
from ; to feize. This fignification is un-
common and harfh.

The fubjefls grief
Comes through eommillions, which umptl from

each
The fixth part of his fubdance, to be lc\ieJ
Without delay. ihak'Jbtari , Henry VIII.

3. To gather together, and unite in a com-
pany. A Latiniim , compelUre grtgf >:.

H; M tl.c town itrurn'J,
Attended by the chic's who fought the field ,
Now friend'y mix'd, and in one troop cwnpeil'd.

Drjden.

4. To feize ; to overpower.

Our men fecure nor juaids norcentrles held, \
I Bu; eif) Ccc p iheii weary liuibs cmptlfd, prydeti.

COM

CoMPE'LiAELE.cr/?. [ from rt«/f/. ] That

may be forced. Perhaps it (hould be

ccmpellible,
Compella'tion. ». /. [from ccmpello,

Latin.] The ftyle of addrefs ; the word

of falutation.

The ftile bed fitted for all perfons, on all occa-
fions, tj ufe, is the arrpcthtUn of Father, which
our Saviour firft taught. Duppas Ruks of De'vctkn.

The peculiar c^mj^elljt'wn of the kings in France,
is hyjln, which is nothing clfj bat father. Terrfle.

Compe'ller. n. f. [from ccmpel-l Hethat
forces another.

CO'MPEND. «. / [compendium, Latin.]
Abridgment ; funiraary ; epitome; con-
traction ; breviate.

Fix in memory the dlfcourfcs, and abflra£l
them into brief compcr.dt.

IVatti't Imprivement cf the Mind.

CoMPENDI a'riOUS. adj. [compe>tdiari:iS,
Lat.] Short; contraded ; furaraary ;
abridged.

Co M p e N D I o's I T Y. n./. [from canpendious.l
Shortnefs ; contradted brevity. Diil.

Compe'n Dious. adj. [from compendium.'\
Short ; fummary ; abridged ; compre-
henfive ; holding much in a narrow
fpace ; direft ; near ; by which time is
faved, and circuition cut off.

They learned more lompendious and expeditious
\yays, whereby they lliarcened their labours, and
gained time. tymdward.

Compe'ndiously. adv. [from compen-
dious.'] Shortly ; in a (hort method ; fum-
mariiy ; in epitome.

By the apotlles we have the fubftance of Chrif-
tian belief lompendioujjy drawn into few and Ihort
articles. Huoker.

The ftate or condition of matter, before the world
was a- making, hcomfendhujly exprelfcd by the word
chaos. Ber.tlcy.

Compe'ndiousnf.ss. n.f. [from compen-
dious.'\ Shortnefs; brevity; compreheu-
fion ill a narrow compafs.

The inviting eafincfs and compendicufneft of this
afiertion, Ihould dazzle the eyes. Beriley^s Sermons,

COMPENDIUM, n.f. [Latin.] Abridg-
ment ; fummary ; breviate ; abbrevia-
ture ; that which holds much in a nar-
row room ; the near way.

After we arc gruwn well acquainted with a fhcrt
fyftem or ccmfendium of a friencc, which is written
in the plalileil and moi> fimpic manner, it is then
proper to read a larger regular treatife on that fub-
je4t. h^'jits en the M^i^U

Com pe'n SABLE, adj. [from compenjhte.]

That which may be recompcnftd.
To COMPE'NSATE. -v. a. [compenfi, La-
tin.] To recompenfe ; to be equiva-
lent to ; to counterbalance ; to counter-
vail ; to make amends for.

1 he length of the nij^ht, and the dews thereof,
do cojrpei:faje ti»e heat M the day. Ban^n's Nat. ////?.

The picafures of lite do not ccmperjati: the mife-
ries. - Prhr.

Nature to thefe, without profufion kind,
Th': proper organs, proper pow'r.s, alfign'd ;
Eaclj feeming want ecmpenjjted of courfe.
Here with degrees of fwiftnefs, there of force. Pofe.
Com PENS a't ION. n./. [from compen/nte.]
Recotnpence ; fomething equivalent ;
amends.

l*oynings, the better to make eontpt-nfutiorrof his
fcfvitc in till; wir^, called a parliament. Bacon.

All other debts may conpenjar'tan (\nAy
But love it &SI&, aad wiU be piid in kind.

prydent AurcngKek.

COM

Compe'nsative. adj. [from eompettjate.'j
That which compenfates ; that which
countervails. .

To Com pe'nse. v. a. [compenjo, Latin.]
To compenfate ; to countervail ; to be-
equivalent to; to counterbalance; to
recompenfe.

It fcemeth, the weight of the quickfilver doth
not ccmpenfe the weight of a ftone, more than th«
weight of the aqua-fortis. Pnrm'i Natural lift 11 y.

The joys of the two marriages were ccmjienjed
with the mournings and funerals of prince Arthur.
Bacon's Henry VJI.

To COMPERE'NDINATE. v. a. [com-

perendino, Lat.] To delay.
Co M p E R. E K u I N a't ION. n. f. [from com-

perendinate.] Delay; dilatorinefs.

Co'mPETENCE. ") r rr

Co'mpetency. \ »•/ [from competent.-]

1. Such a quantity of any thing as is fuffi-
cient, without iuperfluity.

Something of fpccrh is to be indulged to com-
mon civil. ty, more to intimacies, and a competency
to thofc recreative difcourfes which maintain the
- chcarfglncfs of fociety. Gov. of Tongue.

2. Such a fortune as, without exuberance,
is equal to the neceffities of life..

Tor compeltnci of life I will allow you.
That lack of means enforce you not to evil.

Shakefpeare's Henry IV,
It is no mean happincfs to' be feated in thi
mean : fuperfluity comes fooner by white hairs, but:
competency lives longer. Shak. Mercb. of yinice.
A difcrect learned clergyman, with a competency
fit for one of his education, may bean entertaining,
an ufetui, and fometimes a neceffary companion.

Sisift.
Reafon's whole pleafure, all the joys of fenfe.
Lie in three words, health, peacc,.and cwipeiev.:e.

Pope.

3. [In law.] The power or capacity of
a judge or court, for taking cognifanco
of an affair.

CO'MPETENT. adj. [cemperens, Latin.]

1. Suitable; fit; adequate ; proportionate.

If there be any power in imigination, the dif-
tancc muit be competent, the medium not adverfe,
and the body apt and proportionate. Bac. Nat. Hi/!.

2. Adapted to any purpofe without defcit
or fuperfluity.

The grcatcft captain of the Englifli Brought ra-
ther a guard, than a competent army, to recortrr Ire-
'»"'*• Davics on Ireland,

To draw men from great excefs, it is not amifs,
though we ufe them unto fomcwhat Icfs than U
competent. Hooker.

3. Reafonable ; moderate.

A competent number of th; old Being ffrft read,
the rew Ihould foccccd. Hviktr,

The clergy have giined fome infight into men
and things, and a competenr knowledge of the
**''"■'"'• . Atterbt4rfs Sermons.

4. Qualified ? fit: a competent ]viAgt, is one
wlio has a right of jurifdiftion in the
cafe.

Let us firft confijcr how competent wc are fr the
office. Go^'ernmcnt of ike Torque.

;. Confiffent with ; incident to.

That is the privilejie of the Infinite Author of

things, who never (lumbers nor deeps, but i» not

compeiinl to any finite being. Lo,ii:

Co'mpetently. adv. [(torn cmpelait.}.

1. Adequately; properly.

I t.'iinlc it hath bi^cn competently proved. Bentley.

2. ftcafonably ; moderately ; without fu-
perfluity or want.

Sime places rtir^wht m^n compctcmjy tnA^vci ;
but none think rlie appointment tj bf a duty of
juIUcc bound to rt-lpeci deiut. »^a'„ „,

COMPE-

COMPETIBLE. naj. [from ttinfete, La-
tin. For this word a corrupt orthogra-
phy has introduced comfalitU.] Suit-
able to ; confident with.

It is not cMttfrtHu: with the grace of God fo
jnucit as to mcliiw any man to do evil.

. HimmcrJ en FuitJamentaU.
Thofe are proi>ertie» not at all amfaihlii to body
or matter, though of never fo pure a mixture. ^

The duration o( eternity i parte ante is fuch as
IS only tttKftiikle to tlie eternal God, and not cr>m-
tnunicable to any created being. Sir AfatibiW Hall.

■ Compe'tielenkss. «./. [froin comfeii-
^/?.] SuitablcBels; fitnefs.
COMPETrXION. ». /. [from con and
fetitio, Latin.]

1. The afl of endeavouring to gain what
another eiideavours to gain at the fame
time ; rivalry ; contcft.

The ancient flames ot difcori and inteftine wtrj
upon the umfttiikx at' both houfet, would, again
return. Bmoii.

A portrait, with which one of Titian's could
not come in crniprtiticji. Drydtn's Dufrejn:}.

Though what pioduces any degree of pleafure be
in itfcif good, and what is apt to produce any de-
gree of pjin be evil, yet often we do not call it
fo, \«hcn it comes in ccmfttU'wn: the degrees alfo
of pleafure and pain have a preference. i.oc*r.

We AouW be afhamed to rival infcriours, and
dirtioaour our nature by fo degrading a ci.mpct}:kn.

Rf/gcn.

2. Double claim ; claim of more than one
to one thing : anciently with to.

Coaftiiiion it the crown there is none, nor can
be. Bacon.

3. Now with /or.

The prize of beauty was difputed till you were
fecn i but now all pretenders have withdrawn thejr
claims : there is no ccKpiliiiin but for the feconJ
place. Dryiicn.

Compe'titor. «./■ [con and. fetitor, La-
tin.]

1. One that has a claim oppofite to an-
other's ; a rival : with /or before the
thing claimed.

How furious and impatient they be.

And cannot brook nmfititurs in love.

Shuktj'ftari' s Tilui AiJrer.uus.

Some undertake fuits with purpofe to let them
fall, to gratify the comftiitir. Bmtm.

Cicereius and Scipio were nmftlMnftr the o*'-
fice of prittor. TaiUr.

Hei«ho trufts in God has the advantage in pre-
fent felicity; and, when we take fufjrity into the
account, ftands alone, and is atknowkdgcJ toh«'c
no competitor. Rogtr:.

a. It had formerly 0/ before the thing
claimed.

I Selymcs, king of Algiers, was in arms againft

his brother Mcchemetes, comfilil.r of the king-
dom, Knoihi's H\liiij.
3. In Shakej'peare it feems to fignify only
an opponent.

The Guildfords arc in arms.
And every hour more ccmfeuiort
Flock to tl-.e rebels. Shaitfpearc's RichartI lU.

Compk-a'tion. ti.f. [fromfow/i/7o, Lat.]

1. A collcflion from various authors.

2. An aflemblage ; a coacervation.

There it in it a fniall vein filK'd with fpnr,
probably fince the time of the compiljiion of the
mafs. fyooJiViini Cfi yoffih.

To COMPI'LE. -v. a. [compilo, Latin.]

1 . To draw up from various authors ; to
colleft into one body.

2. l!a write; to compofe.

It. p etry they com/i/e the praifci of virtuous
mm and adions, and fatites agaioil vice, 'ftmfle.

COM

Bv the accounts which authors have left, they

might irAtn that tiie t'lC^*- ot' Tea aiiil iajiJ it the

fame that ic was svhco tliolc accounts wc;c ifmp>\}<d»

yy^fidwartVi Natural If iji^ty*

The regard ho hadf ^t his fiiiekl, had catsleJ

bim forrocHy tortfffj^i/ra difl'rrtaiion conccrnuig ir.

j^/hutbnot end Vvpet

3. To contain ; to comprifc : not ufeJ.

AUer Id long a rate as I have run
Through tairy J and, which thofcfix books .'&m^//f,
Give leave to reil me. !>pcnjcr,

4.. To make up ; to compofe. Not ufed.

Lion like, unlan4ilh and more wiM,
Slave to his yxu\ty and all hjs nerv'cs being natu-
rally ic/Npirj
Of eminent Hrength, ftalks out and preys upm B
filly fceep. Chi}/>mar*s I.'wti*

Comp/lfment. n. f, [from compile.l
Coacervation ; the aft of piling toge-
ther ; the ad of heaping up.

1 was encouraged to allay how 1 could build a
man ; for there is a moral ai well as a natural or
artificial cmipiltmcntj and of better materials.

ff^ottm on Educaiictt*

Compi'ler. n./, [from compile,'] A col-
ledor ; one who frames a compofition
from various authors.

Some draw experiments Into titles and tables;
thofe we call comft'tUrt* Bacon's New AtalantU,

Some painful nrnpiUr, who will n:udy (i-ld lan-
guage, may inform the world that Robert carl ot
Oxford was h'-gh trcafurer. S'zvift.

Co mpla'cence.7 ff. /. [complauntiay
Compla'cency. J low Latin.]

1. Pleafure; fatisfaftion ; gratiEcatioiu

1 by converiing cannot chelc cre^l
From prone, nor in their ways complacence find.

Ki'iltcru

When the fuprcme faculties move regularly, tlie
inferior afieilions following, there arifes a fcrcnity
and complacency upon the whole foul. South.

Dlfealcs extremely lelTen the complacence we have
in all the good things of this life, j^tterh. Sermona,

Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man
with fatisfaction and complacency y if they dtfcover
none of the like in themfeives. Addifons SptBator*

2. The caufe of pleafure ; joy,

O thou, in hcav'n ami earth the only peace
Found out for mankind under wrath ! O thou.
My fole complacence f Milton i Paraiiifc Lcji,

3. Civility ; complaifance ; foftnefs of

manners.

They were not fatisfied with their go\'emnur,
and apprehcnfive of his rudenef;* and want of com-
pUcer.cy, QLrenHor}.

His great humanity appeared in the bencvolcnci;
of his afpcdl, the amplauncy of his behaviour, and
the tone of his vt)ice, AJJ'tJoti'i Freeholder*

Complacency and truth, and manly fwectneft.
Dwell ever on his tongue, and fmooth his thoughts.

Md'ijot!.

With mean complacence ne'er betray your trult,
Nor be fo civil as to prove unjuiK Fcpe.

COMPLA'CENT.«<^\ [complacrns, Lat.]

Civil ; aftable ; foft ; complatfant.
Te COMPLA'JN. -v. n. [comfkiiu/rt, Fr.]
I . To mention with forrow or refentment ;
to murmur; to lament. With ^/'before
the caufe of forrow: fometimcs with on.

Lord Hallings,
Humbly complaimng to her deity,
Got my lord chamberlain his liberty.

Sbakefpcari' s Richard III.

I will fpealc in the angutfh of my Ipirit; 1 will

complain in tlic bitternefs of my foul. Joh, vli. i j.

bhall 1, like thee, on Fiid.iy n)^\X ccmptein P
For on that day was Cuur de Leon flain.

Piydin'i Faila.
Do not all men complain, even ihcle as wcil as
odiers, o/'the great ignorance of maiikind f

Bidina'iPnfaii lo 'Ihctrj cf Earth.

COM

Thus acturs'd.
In rtiidft of water 1 compleut of i liirft. Dryitn.

2. Sometimes with /or before the caufal
noun.

Whciefoie doth a living man (««/>/«»,. a man
for the punilhment cf hii fins? Lam. iii. M.

3. To inform againft.

Now, mailer Sliallow, yno'U cemplaia ef me to
the council ? Shaktfp, M:rry Wivci of fTindfir.

Te Compi.a'i n. t;. a. [This fenft is rare,
and perhaps not very proper.] To la-
ment J to bewail.

Pale death our valiant leader hath opprels'd.
Come wtealc his lofa whom boocleli ye ctmplain,

Fairfax.
Gaufride, who couldfl fo well in ihimc rony/ojr.
The deaih of Richard, with an arro* flain.

Drydm'i Fahln.
They might the grievance inwardly nmp/ain.
But outwardly they needs mart temporize.

Pan. Ci'uH ffar^

Compla'inant. ». /. [from complain,'^
One who urges a fuit, or comracnccj
a profecutiou, againft another.

Congreve and this author are the mod e.>gof

coaplainanis of the difpute. Collier's Defer, r.

Compla'iner. ». /. [from complain.'\

One who complains ; a murmurer ; a

lamenter.

St. Jude obferwt, that the mucmuieis and con-
fla'mers are tlie f.:mc who fpealc fwelling words.

Government cf the Tongue ^

Philips is a complainir ; and oa tlui ucciifton I

told lord Carteret, that caapla'wert nc%ei: fuccacd at

court, though railcrs do. Sxvift^

Compla'iwt. ;;./ ^compUiiitU, French.]

I . Reprefentation ol pains or injuries ;

lamentation.

I cannot And any caufe of compJa'mt, that good
laws have fo much been wanting unto us, m wc to
them. Hjoitr'i liedica:ion.

As for me, is my complaint to man. 'Jeh, xxi. 4.
Adam fjw
Already in part though hid in gloomieft fluJe,
To forrow abandon'd, l«it worft fclc within.
And in a troubled fea of pailion tofc*d.
Thus to diiburthen fought with fad canpta'mt. Milt,

z. The caufe or fubjeft of complaint ;
grief.

The poverty of the clergy in England hath been
the complaint of all who wifti well to the church.

Sfvifi,
3. A malady ; a difeafc.

One, in a complaint u{ his bowels, was let blood
till he had ftarcc any left, and was pcrfcftly cured.

Arhutbnot.

^. RemonHrance againft ; information a-
gainft.

Full of vexation, comr I.with (tmplenit
Againft my child. Skak. Midjum. Night' 1 Dream.

In evil llrait this day 1 ftand
Before my judge, either to undergo
M) felf the total crime, or to tccufu
M\ other felf, the partner of my lifcj
V» hofe falling, while her faith to me remains,
I Ihould conceal, and not expofe to blame
By my complaint \ but ftrift necclTity
Subdues nie, and calamitous conftr.»iut. Milton.

Againll the goddefs thcfe complaint: he made.

Viyilcn'i Mniid.

CoMPL aisa'nce. n.f. [cotnplaifame, Fr.]
Civility i defire of pleafmg ; ad of adu>
lation.

Her death is but in complaijance to her. Oryden.
Vou muft alio be induiiriuus to difcovcr the opi-
nion of your enemies ; for you may be aHured,
that they will give you no quarter, and allow no>
thing to (cmpiaifanee. Dryden't Dufrejnoj,

Fair Venus wept the fad difallsr
Of having loft her fav*rlte dove:
In complaifance poor Cupid mourn'd j
His grief rclicv'd his mother's pain. Tr'nr,

COMPL.'U-

t O M

COMPLAISA'NT. ailj. \complaiJkni,Yt.-\^
Civil ; defirous to pleafe.

There are to whom my latirc fecms too bold j
Scarce ro wile Peter iw/-/(if/J7// enou^,
And fomething faiiof Chatttu mucfrtoo rough.

Fopc.

Complaisa'ktly. ad-a. [from comf/ai-
Jant.] CivilJy ; with defire to plcafe ;
ceremonioufly.

In plenty llarving, tantalized in ftate*

And crjmj>kifar.ily hdf'i to all 1 hate;

Treated, carefs'S, and trr'd, I take my leave. Pcpc.
Oomplaisa'ktness. a.f. [fcatacmnplai-

faat.] CiviUiy ; compliance. D:c7.

Ta Compla'n ATE. Iz). a. [from planus,
S"o Compla'ni. jLat.] To level ; to

reduce to a fiat and even Airface.

The vertebrae of the neck and back-bone are
made Ihort and cdmpianatedf ana firmly braced with
mufclcs. Derham.

Comple'at, See complete.
Co'm plemert. n.f. [complanentutn, La-
tin.]
I. Perfeflion ; fulnefs ; completion ; cora-
pletement.

Our cuHnm is both to place it in the t'ront of
«ur pra} en as a guide, and to add it in the end of
fome principal limbs or parts, as a campUment
which fully pet/e£leth M'hatiaevcr may be defe^ive
In the reft. . Uooktr,

They as they feaited had their fill,
For a full CMplemnt of all their ill. Hubia-d's Tale.
For a cmfianent of thefe blcBings, they were
enjoyed by the protcftion of a king of the moft
harmlefs difpolition, the moll exemplary piety, the
greatctl fobriety, challity, and mercy. . Claundtm.
The fenfible natu re, in its e^ptjtUment and integ-
rity, hath five exterior powers or faculties.

fiiile'l Origin af Mankinii.

3. Complete (et ; complete provifion ; the
full quantity or nomber.

The god of love himleU inhabits there,
V/ith all his rage, and dread, and grief, and care;
His cffmpUmint of ftorcs, and total war. Pnor,

3. Adfcuitious circumftances ; appenda-
ges ; parts not neceffary, but ornamen-
tal : whence ceremony wa.s called commit-
ment, now corrupted to ctmpliment.

If the cafe permittcth not baptifm to have the
4lecent complements of baptifm, better it were to en-
joy the body without his furniture, than to wait for
this, till the opportunity at that, for which we de-
fire it, be loft. Hosier,

Thefe, which have l«(Hy fprung up, for crnnple-
mtnli, rites, and^remonies of church .afiion;,
are, in truth, for the grcateil part, fuch fiily
things, that very cafinefs doth make them hard to
be difputcd of in ferio'js manner. Uacker,

A doleful cafe dcfitu a doleful fong.
Without vain art or curious cotnfUrncnts, Spenftr,

Garniih'd .ind deck'd in models commitment,
Dot working with ttic ear, but with the eye. Shdt.

4. [In geometry.] What remains of a
quadrant of a circle, or of ninety de-
grees, after any certain arch hath been
retrenched from it.

5. [In aftronomy. ] The dillance of a
ftar from the zenith.

6. Complement of the curtain, in forti-
fication, that part in the interiour fide
of it which makes the demigorge.

7 . Arithmetical Complement of a Loga-
rithm, is what the logarithm wants of
I0,000>000. Chambers.

COMPLE'TE. adj. [compUtus, Latin.]
I . Perfeft ; full ; having no deficiencies.

With us the reading of fcriptnre is a part cf our
thorch liturgy, a fpctial potlioa ui tlie l«yicc

Vol, L

COM

which we do to Cod ; and not an exercife to fpend
the time, when one doth wait for another coming,
till the afli;mbly of them that fliall afterwards
worfliip him be t<w/>/iT<. Hoohr.

AnJ ye are nmp/ite in him which is the hc^d
of all principality and power. CoUjJi^ins, ii. ic.

Th-i-n marvel not, thou great and i-omy/erc man.
That all the Creeks iiegin t'l worftip Ajax. Shji.

2. Comph'ie, having no degrees, cannot
properly admit mori and ma/l.

If any Uifpoiition Ihould appear towards (o good
a work, .the aflillance of t-lie legiflative power would
be necPlTary to make it tnrc c.mfilere, . tSiolft.

3. Finilhed ; ended ; concluded.

Thii courfe of vanity almort roff^^A^rf,
Tir'd in the ftold of life, I hope retreat. Prior.
To Comple'i e. f. a. [from the noun.j
Toperfedl; to finilh.

Mr. Sanderfou was conrp/etcd midtr of art:.

tTa/ion.

Bred only and completed to the tafte

Of luftfut appetence. Mi/ion.

To town he comes, c^irphici ths nation's hope,

Aiid lieads the bold trained -band i, and burns a pope.

Pife. •

Com^ple'tbly. ad-v. [fvom complete. '\
Fully; perfeSly.

Then tell us, how you can your bodies roll
TJirough fpace, of matter fo campltitly full .'

Btacimivc.
Whatever perfon would afpire to be comp.ftely
witty, fmart, humorous, and pofite, muft be able to
retain in his memory every tingle fentcncc con-
tained in this work. S^wift.

Comple'tement. n.f. [from ««//<■«-
«rt/t/, French.] The acl of completing.

Allow me to give you, from the bcft authors, the
origin, the antiquity, the growth, the change, and
the ctmpletcmeni of fatire among the Romans.

Dryden^t Dedication' to JwvenaL

Comple'teness. n.f. [from co>npkte.~\
PerfeAion ; the fiate of being com-
plete,

1 cannot allow their wifdom fnch a «m^/r/(m^i

and inerrabiiity as to exclude myl'elf. PC, Charles.

Thefe parts go to make up the campteteneU of any

fubjea. Wails'iLogick.

Comple'tion. n.f. [frora complete. ^

1. Accomplifhment; aftef fulfilling ; ftate
of being fulfilled.

There was a full entire harm'iny and confent of
all tlie divine predidliont, receiving their complciii,n
in Chrift. South.

2. Utmoft height ; perfect ftate. |

He makes it the utmoll eomplcticn of an ill cha-
rafter to bear a malevolence to the bell men. Ptpi.
CO'MPLEX. ladj. [comphxus, Latin.]
Complb'xed.j Compoiite ; of many
parts ; not Ample ; including many par-
ticulars.

To exprefs ccrupicx.'d fignifications, they took a
liberty to compound and piece together creatures of
allowable forms into mixtures incxiftcnt. Brirwn.

Ideas made up of feveral Ample ones, I call com-
plex; fuch as beauty, gratitude, a man, the uni-
verfe; which, though complicated of various fim-
ple ideas, ot eom/JfX ideis made up of fimpie ones,
yet are c^nfl■icrt■d each by itfelf a^ one. Locke.

A fccond.iry elfenti:*.! mode, called a property,
(bmetime-. goes toward making up the eflence of
a caKflex being. 1Vj:ti.

With fuch perfe^lion-iVam'd
Is this complex ftupcndous fclicnir of thing),

Tb^mfoni Spring.

Co'mplex. n.f. [ from the aajedive. ]'
Complication ; collc^ion.

This parable of tlic wedding luppf^r compreliendb
in it the vehuic coriflcx of all tiie blellingb and pri-
vileges exhibited Ly th« gofpel. South't Sermons.

Comple'xedness. n.f. [from complex.]
Complication ; involution of many par-

COM

tlcular parts in one integral ; contra-
riety to fimplicity ; compound ftate or
nature.

From the ccmfi/exedaefs of thefe moral idfas,
there follows another inci>nvenicncc, that the rood
cannot eafily retain thole pvecilc combinations*

hocie.

Comple'xion. tt. f. [cnjrtplc.xij), Lar.m.']

1 . The inclofure or involution of one thing
in another.

Thr.u'jh the terms of propofitions may be com-
plex, yet where the compofition of the argument
is pliin, fimpk, jud regular, it ii prppfrly called »
iimple fyllogilin, fmce the cmit^lexhn does not. be-
long to the fjlbgidick foim of it. H'.iiti,

2. The colour of the external parts of any
body.

Men judge by the ccfnpkx'un of the &y
The ftate anJ inclination of the day.

Shahj}tare's JUcBat-dU,

What fee you in thofe papers, that you lofe
So m 1 1 ch complexion ? Shakeffearc' s Htiuy V.

He fo takes on yonder, fo rails againft all mar-
ried mankind, fo cujfes«ill Eve's daughters, of what
CLmplrxion fcever. Shakefpeart.

Why doth not beauty then refine the wit,
And good complexion reftify the will ? Djvies.

Njcenefs, though it renders them inlignilicant to
great purpofes, yet it polilhes their complexion, and
makes their fpirits ftem more vigorous.

Collier on Pride.

U I write on a blacb man, 1 run over all the
eminent perlbns of that complexhr. Addijon's SptH,

3. The temperature of the body, accord-
ing to the various proportions of the four
medical humours.

'Tis ill, though different your comphxioni Site,
The family of hcav'n for men ihauld war.

Drydens Fahies.
For from all tempers he could fcrvicc draw ;
The worth of each, with its allay, he knew;
And, as the confident oi nature^ faw
How lb.' complexions did divide and brew. Drydcn.
The methods of providence, men of this com-
plexion muft be unfit for the contemplation of.

Burnet's Theory of the Earth,
Let melancholy rule fupieme,
Choler prclidc, or blood, or phlegm.
It makes no dift"'rence in tlie cafe.
Nor is complexion honour's place. Swift.

ComPle'xional. adj. [from complexion . 1
Depending on the complexion or tem-
perament of the body.

Men and other animals receive; d'tliiitent tiic-
fures from «m/>/«icHij/ efllorefcencies, and.defcend
rtill lower as they partake of the fuliginous and de-
nigrating humours, ftrozun.
Ignorance, where it proceeds, from early pr ipm-
pjexional prejudices, wiU not wh'jily exclude from
favour of God. Fiddeiif

Compli.'xionallv. adv. [from cfni.
pUxion,] Ky complexion.

An Ind. an king lent unto Alexander a fair wo-
man, fed with poilnns, ^i;her by convetle 01 co-
puta:ion {^tnplcxicr.ally to deftroy him.

. BroiLu'i Vulgar f.rrouti,

CoMPLE'xLy, adv. [from complex. 1 fn
a complex manner ; not fimply.

Comple'xness, n, f. [from comflex.'\
The Hate of being complex.

CoMPi. e'xure. n.f. [from complex.'] The
involution or complication of one thing
with ethers. ■

Compli'ance. n.f [from comply.']

I. The aifl of yielding to any defire or
demand ; accord ; fubmiffion.

I am far from exculing that compliance, for ple-
nary confcot it was not, to hit delUu£lJon.

King Chorlct.
3 .\ We

COM

Wc ut free from any necef^ary dtterminatio* of
our w.ll to any partitubt iflion, and from a nc-
ceiiary tmfliance with our defire, f« upon any
particular, and then appearing preferable, g'lod.

Let the king meet ccmfriumi in your looks,
A free and ready yitlding tn his wiflits. Rvtvc.

Tho adions to which the world folicits our ctm-
*/iaiirt, are fins, v«bich forfeit eternal expeflations.

What cemfliamn will remove dilTenfion, while
the liberty continues of profefling what new opi-
nions we pleafe ? Siui/V.

t. A difpofition to yield to others ; com-

plaifance.

He was a man of few words, and of great cum-
fCMiice; and ufually delivered that as h-s opinion,
which he forefaw would be grateful to the king.

ClarcTtHon,

Gompli'ant. adj. [from comply.']
X. Yielding; bendir.g.

The ciKfliant boughs
Yielded them. ' • , Millfn't ParaJifi L'fi.

2. Civil; complaifant. V
.5c CO'MPLICATE. v. a. [comJ>Iico, La-
tin.]
I . To entangle one with another ; to join ;
to involve mutually.

Tho'igh 'the particular aftions of war are ma-

' phcaii in U&, yet they are feparate and diftinct in

right. Bacon.

In cafe our offence againft GoJ hath been low-
flicated with injury to mtn, we ihuuld make ref-
rituti9n. TiUoiJin.

When the difeafe is compricatfJ with other Jif-
eafes, one inuft confider that which is moft dan

gerous.

jirlwthmt on Diet.

There are a multitude of human actions, which
have fo many com/ilicaUii circumflances, alpsch,
and fituations, with regard to time and place, per-
fons and things, that it is iropoflible for any one
to pefs » right judgment concerning them, with-
out entering into moft of thefe circumftances.

a. Tg-Tinite by involation of parts one in
another.

Commotion in the parts may make them apply

thcmfelvtis one to another, or ccmplUaU anj dilpofe

them after the manner requifite to make them (lick.

Ball's Hiflcry cf Firm7:efs.

J. To form by complication ; to form by
the union of feveral parts into one in-
tegral.

Dreadful was the din
Of hiCing theottgh the hall ! thick fwarming now
With comflicaied monfters, head and tail.

Milton's ParaJifc Loji.

A man, an army, the unircrfe, arc complicated oi

various Ample ideas, or complex ideas oiiidc up of

frmple ones. Locke.

Co'mplicate. eitfj. [from the veib.]
Compounded of a multiplicity of parts.

What pleafure would felicitate his fpirit, if he

cnuld grafp all in a furvey, as a painter runs o/er

a ctmflicale piece wrought by. Titian or Raphael.

H^aitt on the Mii:d.

Co'MPtlCATENESS. fl. /. [ftOmcompli-

ecte.l The Hate of being complicated ;
intricacy ; perplexity.

There is great variety cf intelligiblcs in the
world, fo much objeded to eur fenli:s, and every
fevjcral objedl is full of fiibdividcd rnultiplicity and
ccmfliciiicnifs, Ualt't Origin of M.mkind.

Complica'tion. n. /. [from. complicate. '\
I. The aft of involving one thing in an-
other.
'I'he Hate of being involved one in. an-

other.

All our grievances ore either of body or of mind,
m in comp/icaticnt uf btjtl>< I. Fjlrangr.

COM

The notions of aconfufcil knowledge art always
full of perplexity and ecmplicati'.ni, and feldom in
order. ff^iltini.

J. The integral confiding of many things
involved, perplexed, and united.

By admitting a amflicaiien of ideas, and taking
too m.iny things at once into oue ijucllion, the mind
is dazztid and bewildered. }Vatiii Lcgick.

Co'mplice. n.f. [Fr. from complex, an
alTociate, low Lat.] One who is united
with others in an ill defign ; an affo-
ciate ; a confederate ; an accomplice.

To arms, viftorious noble father.
To quell the rebels and their cemflices.

Shaktffare'tVenry VI.

yuliice was afterwards dnr.c upon the offenders,
the prii:cipal being hanged and quartered in Smith-
field i and divers of his chief complices executed in
divers.parts of the realm. Hajivard.

The marquis prevailed with the king, that he
might only turn his brother out of the garrifon,
a:ter jurtice was done upon his corr:pUces. Clarendon.

Co,viPLi'iiR. n.f. [from (■Off;//)'.] A man
ot an eafy temper ; a man of ready
compliance,
buppol'e a hundred new employments were ereft-

e i on purpofe :o gratify complicri, an infupportable
dLtfieulty would remain. S%ui/t.

CO'MPLIMENT. «./ [compl'ment. Fr.]
An adl or expreflion of civility, ufually
underftood to include fome hypocrify,
and to mean lefs than it declares : this
is properly complement, fomething fuger-
'fluous, or more than enough.

He obferved lew complinunts in matter of arms,
but fuch as proud anger did indite to him. Sidney.

My fervant, Sir .' 'Twas never merry world
Since lowly feigning was call'd comflmint :
Y' are fervant to the duke Orfmo, youth. Sbak.

One whom the mulickof his own vain tongue
Doth raviHi, like enchanting harmony :
A man of compHmcnts, whom right and wrong
Have chofe as unipiie of their meeting. Sbakeff.

What honour that,
But tedious wafte of time, to fit and hear
So many \\o\\ow compliments and lyes,
Outlandilh riattcrics ? Miltcn'sParadifeRl^ained.

Virtue, religion, heaven, and eternal happincfs,
are not trifles to be given up in a copifiiment, or la-
crificed to a jeft. Rogers.

To Co'mpliment.^'. a. [from the noun.]
To footh with adls or exprefiions of re-
fpe£l ; to flatter ; to praife.

It was not to compliment a Ibciety, fo much above
flattery, and the regardlefs air of comipon ap-
plaiifes. Gianvilte.

Monaichs (hould their inward foul difguifc,
Dilicmble and command, be falfc and wile ;
By igiiominous arts, for I'erviie ends,
Should compliment their foes, and ftiun their friend.:.

Fri^r.

The watchman gave fo very great a thump at
my door, that I awaked, and heard myfelf «w^/i-
nicnted W\\.\\ the ul'ual faiutation. 'Matter.

To Co'm p l I m e n t . ij. «. To ufe ceremo-
nious or adulatory language.

I make the interlocutors upon occalion compli-
ment with one another. Boyle.

She comflinrtnts Menelaus very handfomely, and
fays he wanted no accomplilhment either of mind
or body. Pope.

CoMP L 1 M e'n.tal. adj.[(rom. compliment.']
Exprcffive of refpett or civility ; imply-
ing compliments.

1 come 10 fpeak with Paris from the prince
Troilus : I will make a contplimenlei' alfault uppn
him., Shakejprare's Troilus and Crejfidj.

Languages, for the moil part, in terms of art and,
erudition, retain their original poverty, and rather
grow rich and abundant in compHmmtal phrafes,
and fuch fruthi tVetton,

COM

This falfehood of Ulyffet is intlrely cmprimeiitai
and flficious. Bromttw

Complime'ntally. ad-v. [from compli-
ment al.] In the nature of a compli-
ment ; civilly ; with artful or falfe ci-
vility.

This fpeech has been condemned as avariciooji
Eurtathius judges it fpoken artfully and eemplimen-
tally. Broome.

Complime'kter. v./. [from compliment. '\
One given to compliments ; a flatterer.

Co'm P LINE. n.f. [^compline, ft. completi.,
num, low Lat.] The laft a£l of worfhip
at night, by which the fervice of the day
is completed.

At morn and eve, bcfides their anthems fwect,
Their peny raaffes, and their complin's meet.

HuUerd-s Tale.

If a man were but of a day's life, it is well if

he lafts till even fong, and then fays his c>mf,line

an hour before the time. Taylor's U'ly Lifirg.

To Complo're. -v. n. [comploro, Lat.] To

make lamentation together.
COMPLO'T. n. /. [Fr. from completum,
for complexum, low Latin. Menage.] A
confederacy in fome fecret crime ; a
plot ; a confpiracy.

I cannot, my life, my brother, like but .veil
The purpofe of the comj-lot which ye tell.

htiefirrd's Tall,
I know their complot is to have my life.

Sl-atefprare's Henry VI,

To Complo't. <v. a. [from the noun.]
To form a plot ; to conlpire ; to join
in any fecret defign, generally crimi-
nal.

Nor ever by advifed purpofe meet
To plot, contrive, oi compkt »ny ill.

Shakefpeari' s RichardW,
A few lines after, we find them completing to-
gether, and contriving a new Icene of miferies to
the Trojans. Pope.

Complo'tter. n./. [from complot.] A
confpirator ; one joined in a plot.

Jocafta too, no longer now my (liter,
Is found comphtter in the horrid deed.

Dry den anJ Lee's Oedipus.
To COMPLY', v. n. {^Skinner derives it
from the French complairc ; but proba-
bly it comes from compiler, to bend to.
Plier is ftill in ufe.] To yield to; to
be obfequious to ; to accord with ; to
fuit with. It has luith before as well
perfons as things.

The rifing fun complies wttb our weak fight,
Firft gilds the clouds, then ihews his globe of light.

IVaUer.

They did fervllcly comply laith the people in wor-

ihipping God by fenfible images and reprefentations.

Tillotfon,

The truth of things will not comply luith ourcon-

ccit>, and bend itfelf to our intcrclt. Ti/lot/o^..

Remember I am (he who fav'd your life.
Your loving, lawful, aai complying vi\{e. Dryden^

He made his wi/h •wilk his cllate comply ;
Joyful to live, yet not afraid to die. Prior*

Com po'n E NT. aajf. [componem, Lat,] That
which conftitutcsa compound body.

The b;gncfs,of xhe compoi/ent parts of natural bpr
dies may be conjcfturcd by ilicir colours.

Neivton'f Optich.,

To COMPCRT. -j.n. [comporter, French,
from />«»7o, Latin.] To agree ; to fuit.:
followed by itHth.

Some piety "s not good there, fome vain difport
Ofi this fi4e fin, ivitB that place may comport.

Donnt,
\ S«cb does not comport leitb the nature of time.

Uilder.,

COM

It is not every man's talent to didinguiHi aright
how far our prudence may warrant our charity,
and how far our charity may comjfurt with our pru-
dence. L'EJh-ung!.

Children, in thij things they Jo, if they eemfon
virh their age, fina iittle difference, in they may
be doing. Locki.

TcCompo'rt. -v, a.

1. To bear ; to endure. This is a Gallick
fignification, not adopted among us.

The malecon tented fort,
That never can the prcfeat ilate comport j
But would as often change as they change will.

Oankl.

2. To behave ; to carr)' : with the reci-
procal pronoun.

At years of difcretion, and comport yourf^If at
this rantipole rate ! Congrtve^s }Vay of ibt World.

Compo'rt. n. f. [from the verb.] Beha-
viour ; conduct ; manner of adliiig and
looking.

I (hall account concerning the rules and man-
ners of deportment in the receiving, our comport
and converfation in and after it.

Tttykr's Worthy Communicant.
I know them well, and mark'd their rude comprrt \
In times of tempeft they command alone.
And he but fits precarious on the throne.

Drydcv'l Fahlci.

Compo'rt ABLE. aiij. [from comfort. "l
Confiftent ; not contradidlory.

We caft the rules and cautions of this art into
fome iomportabU method. Wotson^i Arcb'iteSJure.

Compo'rtance. n. f. [from comport.'\
Behavionr; gefture of ceremony.

Goodly ccmportance each to other bear.
And entertain themfclves with cuurt'fursmeet.

Fairy S^uten.
Compo'rtment. n. f. [from comport.'\
Behaviour ; praftice.

The will o! God is like a ftraight unalterable
rule or line ; but the various romporrmcim of the
creature, either thwarting this lule, or holding
conformity to it, occafion fcvctal habitudes of this
rule. JIaie.

By her fcrious and devout coirporlmeitl on thcfe
folemo occations. Hie gives an example that is very
often too much wanted. AriUJ'on's freeholder.

To COMPO'SE. 'V. a. [compo/er, Fr. com
pono, Latin.]

1. To form a mafs hy joining different
things together.

Zeal oui;ln to be ccmftfed of the highcft degrees
of all pious at^Vdtions. ' Spr^iti.

2. To place any thing in its proper Ibrm
and method.

!■. ap acitul ^r?ve my corps dw/o/r. Dryd. Ain.

How doth the fia exactly com^.'fe itfclf to a .cvcl
fupcrficici, and with ihi earth make up one fphc-
rical roundnefs. Ruy.

3. To difpofe ; to put in the proper (late
for any purpole.

The whole army fee med well cimp'JcJ to obtain
that by their fwords, which thty couid not by
lliclt fen. tbrcrdufi,

4. To put together a difcourfe or fcntence ;
to write as an author.

Words f» p'.cafing to Cod, as thofe which the
Son of C d himkll hath cempiftj, were not pofli-
ble for men to frame. Hooter.

The grejtcft conqueror in this nation, after tlie
manner of the old CJrcJjn Ljricks, did not only
co>rpi,Jt the wor^^ nf ]v; divine odes, but generally
fet ttiim to muliik himfiif. Md-.fn.

5 . To coiillitute by being parts of a whole.

Nor did llrael 'fcipe
Th" infeftion, when their bjimw'd g'»ld compoi'd
1 he calf in Orth. Mi/ton'> Paradije l.'.ji.

A f-w ufcfu! things, confounded w.th many tri-
fles, fill their memories, and CMpojt tlieJr intdl( c.
tual pofiefliins. Wans,

COM

6. To calm ; to quiet.

He would undertake the journey with htm, by
which all his fears would be ccmpofH. Clarendon.
You, that had taught tliem to fubdue their foes,
Could erder teach, and their high fpVits ccmpofe.

Waller.
Compofe thy mind;
Nor frauds are here contrived, nor force defign'd.

Drjdeii.

He, having a full command over the wacei, had

power to ftill and compofe it, as well as to move

and dillurb it. Wood^vard.

Yet, to ctmpofe this midnight uuife.
Go freely fearch where'er you plcaf-. Prior.

7. To adjuft the mind to any bufinefs, by
freeing it from dillurbance.

The mind, being thus dilquieted, may not be
able eafily to ojmpoje and fettle itfelf to prayer.

Duppa"! Rules for Dcvoti'^n.

We befcech thee to compoje her thoughts, and
prcferve her reafon during iicr iickneis. S'ivift,

8. To adjull ; to fettle : as, to compofe a
difference.

9. [With printers.] To arrange the let-
ters ; to put the letters in order in the
compofing ftick.

10. [In mulick.] To form a tune from
the different mufical notes.

CoMPo'sED. participial adj. [from ccfit-
po/e."] Calm; ferious ; even; fedate.

In bpajn there is fomcthiiig iViil more fcrious
and comptjed in the manner of the inhabitants.

Addifon on Italy.
The Mantuan there in fnber triumph late,
Compos'd his pollute, and his look ledate. Pope.
CoMPo'sEDLV. adv. [from compo/ed.l,
Calmly ; ferioully ; fedately.

A man was walking before the door very cww-
pofedly without a hat. One crying, Here is the
f.llow that killed the duke; every body alked,
which is he ? The man without the hit very com-
pofidly anIwcrcJ, 1 am he. Clarendon.

CoMPo'sEDNESs. n. /. [from compo/ed.']
Sedatenefs ; calmnefs ; tranquillity.

He that will think to any purpole, mult have
fixcdnels and tompojedneji of humour, as well as
fmartnefs of parti. Notni.

CoMPo'sER. It. /, {from compofe. '\

1 . An author ; a writer.

Now will be the right feafbn of forming them ta
be able writers and ampofen in every excellent
matter. Milton.

If the thoughts of fuch authors have nothing in
them, they at leatl do no harm, and (hew an
honell induHry, and a good intention in the com-
; Jcr, MdiJ'.n'l Frecho/Ja.

2. He that adapts the mufick to words ;
he that forms a tune.

For the troth of the theory I am in no wife con-
cerned, the ionif'ofcr of it mult look to that. Woediv.

For compolition, 1 prefer next Ludovico, a moil
judicious and fweet compojcr. Pcacham on Miijiik.

Tlie coir.p'jjcr has lo cxprclfed my fcnfe, where
1 intended to move the paflions, that he ftems to
have been the poet as well as the ccmpofcr.

Dryden'i jilbi-jn and Albaniuif Preface.
CoMPo'siTE. adj. \compofilus, Latin.]

The iompojite order in architecture is the Lift
of the liv^ orders of columns } fo named, bccaul'e
its capital is corr.pof-d out of thof-- of the oiher
orders ; and it is alfo called the Roman and Ita-
lick order. Harris.

Some arc of opinion, that the compojite pillars of
this arch were in imitation of the pillars uf Solo-
mon's temple, Addijon.
Composi'tion. It. f, \_compcijttio, Latin.]
I. The ad of forming an integral of va-
rious diflimilar parts.

We lia\e rxact liinus oi compojitioti, whereby they
incorporate almoft as tiicy were natural fimples.

Bttcin iHiiu Atlaniii .

COM

I In the time of the Yncas reign cif Peru, ■•

eomfjition w,!s allowed by the laws to be ufcd in
point of medicine, but only fimpies proper to each
difeafe. , Temple.

2. The aft of bringing iimple ideas into
complication : oppoled vaanalyjis, Cf the
feparation of complex notions.

The inveftigation of difficult things, by the
method of analyfis, ought ever to precede the me-
thod of compofiticn. Newton's Opticit.

3. _A mafs formed by mingling diiferent
ingredients.

Heat and vivrcity, in age, is an excellent tompo-
fition for bufinefs. T^acon's E£ay>.

Vaft pillars ofilone, cal'ed o\tr viithicov.pojititn
that looks the moll like marble of any thing one
can imagine. Mdifin,

Jove raix'd up all, and his heft clay employ'd,
Then call'd the happy compoftion Floyd. Sieift,

4. The Hate of being compounded ; union ;
conjunftion ; combination.

Contemplate things lirit in their own fimple na.
turCi, and afterwards view them in compofition with
other things. Walts.

5. The arrangement of various figures in
a pifture.

'I'he difpofition in a pifture is an alTembling of
many parts j is alio called the ccmpojition, by which
is meant the diHribution and orderly placing of
things, both in general and in particular.

Dryden's Dufrefnty*

6. Written work.

Writers are divided concerning the authority of
the greater part of thofe compojitions that pafs in his
name. L'Ejirange,

That divine prayer has always been looked upon
as a compofition fit to have pr< ceeded from the wifcft
of men. Addijcn.

When I read rules of criticifm, I enquire after
the works of the author, and by that means difco*
ver what he likes in a compojltion.

Addifon's Guariiati,

7. Adjuftment ; regulation.

A preacher, in the invention of matter,^eIeflion
of words, ampo/ition of gellurc, took, pronuncia-
tion, motion, ufeth all thele faculties at once.

Ben yonfons Difcoveries,

8. Compaft ; agreement ; terms on which
differences are fettled.

To take away alffuch mutual grievances, injti-
rics, and wrongs, there was no way but only by
going upim compof.ii'jn and agreement amongft
thenil'elves. And again, all publick regiment, of
what kind foevcr, fcemeth evidently to have arifen
from deliberate advice, conlultation, and compfji^
tit,n between men, judging it convenient and be-
hoveful. Hooker,

Tluis we arc agreed j
J crave our conipofiion may be svrittcn
And fcal'd between us. Shah. Antony and C'copaf,

Their courage droops, and, hopelefs now, they
with
For coniprjition with th' unconquer'd fifh. Walter,

9. The aft of dilcharging a debt by pay-
ing part ; the fum paid.

10. Confillcncy; congruity.

There is no compofition in thefe news.
That gives tiiein credit .■

— I ndced they are difptoportion'd. Shaiejp. Oitellt,

11. [In grammar.] The joining of two
Winds together, or the prefixing a par-
ticle to another word, to augment, di-
niinini, or ch.inge its fignitication.

12. A certain method of Jen^onltration iji
m.itheinaticks, which i.s the reverfe of
the analytical method, or of rclblution.
It proceeds upon principles in thcm-
felves ftlf-eiident ; on definitions, pof-
tulates, auil axioms, and a previoudy
demonllratcd I'erles of propofuions, llep

3 A 2 by

COM

by (Ifp, till it Pives a clear knowledge
of the thing to De demonftrated. This
is called the fynthetical method) and is
u/ed by Euclid in his Elements. Harris.
Co«po'siTiVB.<j<//. [from compofe.'\ Com-
pounded ; or, having the power of com-
pounding. Dicl.
CoMPo'siTOR. tt./. [from re»/a/i.] He
that ranges and adjufts the types in
printing ; didinguifhed from the prefl'-
manj who makes the imprefiion upon
paper.
CO'MPOST. »./ [Ft. cimpofitum.'Li.i.']
A mixture of various fubftances for en-
fiching the ground ; manure.

Avoid what is to come,
And do not fpread the ttmfcfl on tlie wcrds,
To make rhem ranker. Shekejftart'i Htmlft,

We alfo have great variety oi corrfojli and foils,
for tbe making uf the earth rruitful.

B«CQn*i AttanUi.

Water young planted flirubs, amomum efpe-

' tlailjr, which you can hardly lefrcQi too often, and

it re-juires abundant aKpoft. ^■vilyn'i Ktltadar.

1'here, as his.dicxn foretold, a cait he found,

ThfC cuiied (iinfofi fotth to dung the ground.

DrydcrJ,
In >ain tlie nurding grove
leemj fair awhile, che.lili'd with follcr earth;
But when the atien toni^pjl istxhaull,
\iM native poverty again prevails. Philips.

Te CoMPo'fiT. <v, a. [frrtm the noun.] To
manure ; to enrich wich-foil.

By removing into worfe earth, er forbearing to
ttmftji the earth, water-mint curneth into iield-
niintj ami the colewort into rape.

Eicon's Natvral U'tjttry.

Ai for earth, it ei-mfcjieth itfelf ; for 1 knew a

garacn that had a field puuied upnn it, and it did

bear fruit eKvikntly. Bacon ; Niiiural H,fit,ry.

COMPO'STURE.B.^ [frOBJ «!«/«/?.] Soil ;

manure. Not iifed.

Th« earth 's a thief,
' That feeds and breeds by a compefivrt flol'n

From gen'ral excrcmfr.tsi ^eakcffcare'sTmcn.

CoMro'suRE. «./ [from cow/o/f.]
I. The aft of composing or inditing.

Their own formb are not like to be fo found, or
COmprehenfivc of the nature of the duty, as forms
of publick comfcjurt, Km^ Charles.

a. Arrangement ; combination; mixture ;
order.

Hence languages arife, when, by inftltution and
agreement, fuch a ciw?/o/i<« of letters, fuchaword,
is intende4 to fignify luch a certain thing.

BMir m Elmtiits of S fetch.
FVoon the various coir^/arfi and combinations of
thtfecorpufcles t. gether, happen all the varieties of
the bodies farmed out of them.

tf^Miward' I Natural HiJIory.

3. The form anfingfrom the difpofition of
the various parts.

In oimpiji.r; of his face,
Liv'd a fair but manly grace. Crejbaiv.

4. Frame ; "make ; temperament. '

To reel tlie flreets at no<m, and Hand the buftet
With llavci that fmcU of fwcat ; fay this becomes

him :
Kt his (vafofurt maft be rare indeed,
^\'bom thefc things cannot blenilh.

StaUJfe&re's jintony and Ckopatra.

The duke of Buckingham fprung, without any

help, by a Jc"n I of congenial comfefure, to the

Ukenefs of our late fovcrcigu and laalicr. fVotton.

5. AdjuRment.

Cud will rather look to the inward raptures of
the mind, than to {he outward form and comffun
of the body. Duff a.

J t. Compofition ; framed difcoarfe.

Dtfcourfu 00 fach occa&ons art feldoia the

COM

prnduftinns of leifure, and (hould be read with xVait
favourable allowances that are made to hafty com-
pofurtl. Atwbury.

In the eomfojum of men, remember you are a
man as well at they 5 and it is not their reafon,
but your Own, that is given to guide you.

ffjirfi <m tbt Mind.

7. Sedatcnefs ; calmnefs ; tranquillity.

To whom the virgin majcfty of Eve,
As one who loves, and fome unkindnefi meets,
With fweet auftcre f»i^»rf thus replied. Milioit.

The calmeft and fereneft hours of life, when the
paflions of nature ate all filent, and the mind en-
joys its mAft perfeQ ccmfcfure. ffatis's Lcglk.

8. Agreement ; compofition ; fettlement
of differences.

The treaty at Uxbridge gave the faired hopes of
an happy cmfojure. H'm^ Charles.

Van guard ! to right and left the front unfold,
That all may fee, who hate us, how we feelc
Peace and con-.fofurc. Mihen's FaraSJt Loft.

Things were not brought to an extremiry : there
fecms yet to be room left for a comfofurt ; here-
after there may be only for pity. D'ydcn.
Compota'tion. »./. [cemfotatio, Lat.]
the aft of drinking or tippling toge-
ther.

Secrecy to words fpoke under the rofe, only
mean, in cm:fctation, from the ancient cuftom in
fympofiack meetings, to wear chaplcts of rofes.

Bmvns Vulgar Errours%
If thou wilt prolong
Dire iomfclaticn, forthwith reafon quits
Her empire to confufion and mifrule,
And vain debates ; then twenty tongues at once
Confpirc in fenfclcfs jargon ; nought is heard
But din and various clamuur, and mad rant.

Philifs.

To COMPO'UND. "J. a. [fflm/ffOT, Latin.]

1. To mingle many ingredients together
in one mafs.

2. To form by uniting various parts.

Whofocver amfoundcti any like it, (hall be cut
oft'. Exodus XXX.

It will be difficult to evince, that nature does
nAt make decompounded bodies ; 1 mean, mingle
together fuch bodies as are already confounded of
eJemSntarj', or rather of fimple ones.

Boyle's SciflUal Clymiji.

The ideas, being each but one finglc pcrcep tioo,
are eafier got than the more complex ones ; and
therefore are not liable to the uncertainty which
attends thofe eomfounded ones. Locke.

3. To mingle in diiFerent pofltions ; to
combine.

Wc cannot have a fingle image that did not
enter through the fight ; but we have the pc-.ver
of altering and comfiunding thofe images into all
the varieties of piflurc. yiddifon'i SfiBator.

4. [In grammar.] To form one word from
two or more words.

Where it and Tigris embrace each other under
the city of Apamia, there do they agree of a joint
and comfoundcJ ntiBt, and are called Pifo-Ttgtis.
Raleigh's Hiftory of tbe fTirld.

5. To compofe by being united.

Who'd be fo mock'd with glory, as to live
But in a dream of friendship ?
To have his pomp, and all what (late comfounds,
But only painted, like his varnilhM friends !

Sbakcffcjire's Timon.

6. To adjuft a difference by fome reCeffion
from the rigour of claims.

] would to God all flrifes were well eomfounded !

Shakcffe^re.
If there be any difcord or fuits between any of
the family, they are cemfounded and appeafed.

Bacon I New Mantis.

7. To difcharge a debt by paying only
part.

Shall I, je jods ! be cries, my debts eomfound f

Gay.

COM

Tv C0MPo'uNl>. «r. «.

1. To come to terms of agreement, tr
abating fomething of the iirft demand.
It has for before the thing accepted or
remitted.

They were, at hft, glad to corn fmni for his bar*
commitment to the Tower. Clarcnikn.

Praj but forhalfthe virtues of this wife;
Comfoundfor all the reft, with longer life. Drydai.

2. To bargain in" the lump.
Here 's a fellow will help you to-morrow : can-

found with him by the year.

Stateffure's Meafurefor Meafure.

3. To come to terms, by granting fome-
thing on each fide.

Cornwall eomfounded to furnifli ten oxen after
Michaelmas for thirty pounds.

Care^v'i Survey of Ccrnv/aU.
Once more I come to know of thee, king Harry,
Jf fir thy ran'.om thou wik nnw etmpoand.
Before thy mofl allured overthrow ?

Sbaiiffeare's Henry V,'
Made all the royal ftars recant.
Com found, and take the covenant. Hudsiras.

But ufclefs all, when he dcfpairing found
Catullus then did with the winds cmfound.

Drytttn's 'JuveraK
ParacelfuS and his admirers have eomfounded
W'ith the Galeniits, and brought a mixed ule of
chymical medicines into the prefcirt pradice.

Tfpifle.

4. To determine. This is not in ufe.

We here deliver,
Subfcribed by the confuls and patricians,
Together with the feal o' th' fcnatc, what
We have ccmfoumfed on. Sbaheffeare's Ccriotanuu

Co'm POUND, adj. [from the verb.]
I. Formed out of many ingredients; not
Ample.

The ancient elcftrum had in it a 6fth of filver
to tbe gold, and made a eomfound metal, as fit for
xnoft ufcs as gold. Bacon*

Comfound fubftances in made up of two or more
fimple fubllances. Watts's Logick*

z. [In grammar.] Compofed of two or
more words ; not fimple.

Thofe who arc his greateft admirers, feem
pleafed with them as beauties ; I fpeak of his com-
/>c;j«rf epithets. Pope,

3. Compound or aggregated Floiver, in
botany, is fuch as confifts of many little
flowers, concurring together to make
up one whole one ; each of which has
its ftyle and ftamina, and adhering feed,
and are all contained within one and the
fame calyx : fuch are the fun-flower and
dandelion. Harris.

Co'mpound. »./ [from the verb.] The
mafs formed by the union of many in-
gredients.

For prefent ufe of profit, this is the rule : con-
fidcr the price of the two fimple bodies ; confider
again the dignity of the one above the «ther in
ufe ; then fee if you can make a eomfound, that
will fave more in price than it will lofe in dignity
of the ufe. Bacon's Phyfcal Remains.

As man is a eomfound and mixture uf flefh as
well as fpirlt. Soutb's Seimoni,

Love why do we one palTion call,
When 'tis a comfound of them all ;
Where hot and cold, where iharp and fweet,
In all their equipages meet? Sfvift,

CoMPo'uNDABLE. adj. [iiom compoiitid.'\

Capable of being compounded.
CoMPo'uNDER. n.f. [from7o componnd.'\
I. One who endeavours to bring parties
to terms of agreement.

Thofe foftners, fwcetners, comfounders, and ex-
pedient-mongers, who (hake their heads foftrongly.

Snuift.

i. A

COM

*. A niingler ; one wTio mixes TjoJIes.
Tc COMPREHE'ND.-z/.a. [com^rthendo .
Latin]

1. To comprife ; to include j to contain ;
to imply.

1 ( thrrc be any ot}i« commandment, it U briefly
towfrchcndcd in this faying, namely. Thou (halt
love thy neighbour as tbyfelf. -Rem. xiii. 9.

It would be ridiculous to grow old in the lludy
of every necciriry thing, in an art which cmtf^re-
hntdi fo many feveial parti. Vrydtnt Ditfrejncy.

2. To contain in the mind; to underiland ;
■ to conceive.

Rome was not better by her Horace ta-ught.
Than we are here to com^cbntd his thought.

Wdler.
'Tis unjttii, chat they who have not the Icaft no-
tion of heroic writing, /bould therefore condemn
the pleafure which others receive from it, becaufc
they cannot r«/rtrr^«r;«d it. Drytiin.

Comprehe'nsible. ai//. \_cmifrehenfible,

Fr. comprebenfibilis , Lat.]
I. Intelligible; attainable by the mind;
conceivable by the underllanding.

The horizon lc:s the bounds between the en-
lightened and dark parts of things, between what
is and what is not ^^mf'rfhcnfihU by us. hochc.

z. Poflible to be comprifed.

L'-ft this f^rt of kn'»vvltdge Ihould (ctm to any
not camprfhtnjihle by axiom, we will fet dowr. louie
heads of it* Bacan,

Comprehe'nsibly. adv. [from compre-
henfibU.'\ With great power of (ignifica-
tion or underftanding ; fignificantly ;
with great extent of I'enfe. Tillotfon
feems to have ufed comprehenjiblj for
comprehoifi'uely .

Th- wordi wifdom and righteoufnefs are com-
monly ufci very comprcbn^ly, fo as to fignify all
religion and virtue. Tilktftn.

Co mprehe'nsion. »./. [comprehenfio, La-
tin.]

1. The a£l or quality of comprifing or
containing ; inclofion.

In the Old Teftanicnt there it a clofe ctmpre-
btnjiin of the New, in the New an open difcovery
of the Old. Ih'.kcr.

Thecompnbettjisit of An idea, regards all efTcntial

modes and properties of it ; fo body, in i:s ccmpre^

bnfiai, talus in folidity, 6gare, quantity, mobility.

W../.'i'j Lcgkk.

2. Summary; epitome; comp'^ndiom ;
abftraft ; abridgment in which much is
comprifed.

If we would draw a Ihort abftrad of human
happinefs, bring together all the various ingrc-
dientsof it, and digefl them into one prefcription,
we mud at lad fix on this wife and religious apho-
rifm in my text, at the fum and cpmfrebtnjion of
all. Rogrr:.

5. Knowledge; capacity; power of the
mind to admit and contain many ideas
at once.

You give no proof of decay of your judgment,
and i<mfrtbtnji(,n of all things, within thccompafs
of aa humin underllanding. Dryden,

4. [In rhetorick.] A trope or figure, by
which the name of a whole is put for a
part, or that of a part for the whole, or
a definite number for an indefinite.

Harris.

Comp«ehe'nsive. adj. [from compri-
f,end.]

J. Having the power to comprehend or
underlland many things at once.

He muft have been a man of a mod wonderful
tTmfrihntfme nature, becaufc he has taken into the
compafi of bis Canterbury Talcs the various man-

COW

lien «ni! hmnours of th: whole Engliflinition in
his age ; not a finale charafker has efcapcd liim.
Dryiais Kii'fo, Prrfacf.
His hand unftainM, his uncorrupted hejrt.
His c^mprehenji'vc'iiz^i \ all intcrells weigh'd.
All £ura>pe fav'd, yet Britain not betray'd.

Popci Epijlfei.

2. Having the quality of comprifing much ;
compendious ; extenfive.

So diffufive, fo [oviprtkErJivCj fo catholick a
grace is charity, that whatever time is'theoppor-
tunity of any other virtue, that time is the oppor-
tunity of charity. Sprnlt'i Serxom.

Comprehe'ksively. adv. [from (om-
prehetifi'ue.'\ In acomprchenfive manner

Comprehe'nsiveness. n. f. [rrom com-
prcht7!fi've.\ The quality of including
much in a few words or narrow compafs.

Compare the beauty and ovpnhcrjinjcrjcfi of

legends on ancient coins, yi.ii.il. on ylncUnt Medal;.

To COMPRE'SS. v. a. \compieJfui, Lat.]

1. To force intt) a narrower compafs ; to
fqueeze together.

2. To embrace.

Her Neptune eyed, with bloom of beauty bicft.
And in his cave the yielding nymph ccmpiefi.

Pope's Odyjfcy.
Thcrt was'in the iHand of lo a young girlri»w-
prrjftd by a genius, who delighted to alTociate with
the mufes. Ppi,

Co'mpress. w./. [from the verb.] Bolfters
of linen, by which furgeons fuit their
bandages for any particular part or pur-
pofe. ^incy

I applied an intercrytttnt about the ankle and
upper part of the foot, and by comprcji and bandage
dreficd it up. H^ifanan.

CoMPRESsi bi'lity. ». /. [from com-
prejjsble.'\ The quality of being com
prellible ; the quality of admitting to
be brought by force into a narrower
compafs ; as air may be comprefFed,
but water can by no violence be re-
duced to lefs fpace than it naturally oc-
cupies.
Compre'ssible. adj. [from comprefs.'\
Capable of being forced into a nar-
rower compafs ; yielding to "prcfTure, fo
as that one part is brought nearer to
another.

Their being fpiral particles, accounts for the
elafticity of air ; their being fpherical particle^,
which gives free f afTage to any heterogeneous mat-
ter, accounts for air's being ccmpnJjlbU.

Cbfym^s Phikjophica/ Pr}rdp/tr.

Compre'ssiblen ESS. «. / [from CO/.; -
prejUible.'\ Capability of being prefTcd
clofe. Dia.

Com p re's SI ON. n. f. [row/r^^a, Latin.]
The aft of bringing the parts of any
body more near to each other by vio-
lence ; the quality of admitting fuch an
effort of force as may compel the body
comprefled into a narrower fpace.

Whenever a folid body is prc(Ted, there is an
inward tumult in the parts, fceking to deliver
themfclves from the cotnprtjju/n ; and this is the
caufe of all violent motion. Bmon.

The powder in (hot, being dilated into fuch a
flame ascndureth not citnpreffion, moveth in round,
the flame being in the nature of a liquid body,
fometlmes recoiling. Bacm.

Te^rs are the cffcfts of the comprfjjlan of the
moillure of the brain, upon dilatation of the fpi-
rits. Baton'! Natural Ilijltry.

Merry Michael, the Cornifl) poet, piped this
upon his oaten pipe for merry England, but with
a mocking ctmpr^tH hi Normancfy. Camd, Rim.

He that fliall find out an hypofhefis, T»y wTiIt*
water may be fo rare, and yet not'bc capable of
comprc^.an by force, may doubclcii, by the fame
lu-pottiefis, make gold and water, and all other bft-
dies, as much rarer as he pleafcs ; fo that light
may And a ready palfage through traefpttrent i\ii»-
ftances. Knunn.

Compre'ssure. n. f. [from comfin/s.]
The aft or force of one body preffing
againft another.

We tried whether heat would, notwithftanding
fo forcible a comprtjfurt, dilate ir,

BoyWs Spring of the A'tr^
To CoMPRi'tJT. v. It. \comprimere, Lat.]
To priirt together ; It is commonly taken, in
law, for the deceitful printing of anotlier's copy,
" or b:iok, to the prejudice of the rightful proprie-
tor. Phillips's mrld of IVords.
To CoMPRi'sE. v. a. \_compreiidre, compris,
French.] To contain; to comprehend ;
to include.

Neceffity of fliortnefs caufeth men to cut off
impertinent difcourfes, and to compr'ijt much mat-
ter in few words. Hooker.
Do they not, under doSrine, comprehend the
fame that we intend by matters of faith ? Do not
they, under difcipline, comprijc the regimen of the
church ? Hooter.

*Tis the polluted love that multiplies ;
But friendlhip does two fouls in ohe comprip,

Rojcommcn.

CoMPROB a'tion. »./. \_comproBo, Lat.]
Proof; atteftation.

That is only elleemcd a legal teftimony, which
receives comprohaiioti from the mouths of at lead
two witneifes. Broiun.

CO'MPROMISE. n.f. \compromiJ[um, La-
tin.]
I. Compromi/e is a mutual promife of two
or more parties at difference, to refer
the ending of their controvcrfies to the
arbitrement or equity of one or more
arbitrators. Co-well.

z. A compaft or bargain, in which fome
conceffions are made on each fide.
Wars have not wafted it, for warr'd he hath
not ;
But bafely yielded, upon compronifi.
That which his anceilors atchicv'd with blows.

!>bakejpeare's Riihard II.

To Co'mpromise. v. a. [irom the noun.]

1. To compound ; to adjult a compaft by
mutual conwffions: as,/^^jicorapromifed
the affair at a middle rate.

2. In Shakefpeare it means, unufually, to
accord ; to agree.

Laban and Inmfelf were ctmpromls'd,
That all the yearlings, which were ftreak'd and pied,
Should fall as Jacob's hire.

Shakefpearr's Mtrehatit of Venlet,
Comi'ro.misso'rial. adj. [ from compro-
mi/e.'] Relating to a compromife.
Comprovi'nci AL. V. /. [from con and
provincial.'] Belonging to the fame pro-
vince..

At the confecration of an archbilhop, all his ron-
provincials ought to give their attendance.

jiyliffe's Parergon,
COMPT. »./ [compte, Fr. computus, Lat.}
Account ; computation ; reckoning.

Your fcrvants ever
Have theirs, themfclves, and what is their;, in

comptf
To make their audit at your highncfs' pleafure.
Still to return your own. Sbukeff. K,ng Jiln,

To CoMPT. V. a. [compter, French.] To
compute ; to number. We now ufe T»
Count, whicli fee,

Co'mptidue.

COM

Co'mptiblk. adj. [from <•»»»//.] Ac-
countable ; refponfible ; ready to give
account; fubjefl ; fubmiffive.

Good beauties,. let m- fuftain my fcorn ; I am
very csmfliltt even to the lejft finiftcr ufage.

To COMPTRO'LL. v. a. [This word is
written by fome authors, who did not
attend to the etymology, for controll ;
and fome of its derivatives are written
in the fame manner.] To controll ; to
overrule ; to oppofe.
Comptro'ller. n. f. [from comptroll.\
Direftor ; fupervifor ; fuperior intend-
ant ; governour.

This night he makes a fupper, and a great one,
To many lords and ladies :
I was fpoke to, with Sir Henry Guildford,
This night to be cimptnlltn. Shak. Henry VIII.

The comptrotlert of" vulgar opinions pretend tu
find out fuch a fimilitude in fome kind of ba-
boons. Ttmfle,

My fates permit me not from hence to fly ;
Nor he, the great comptroller of the (ky.

DryJen't j^lrteiJ*

Comptro'llf.rship. v./. [from «/«/-
trollfr.'] Superintendance.

llic gayle for ftanncry-caufes is annexed to the
cotnptrolUrJh'ipt Careiu^s Survey ofCornivall.

CoMPu'LSATiVEr.Y. ad'v. [from compul-
fatory.'\ With force ; by conftraint.

Clarijfa.

CoMPu'tSAtORY. adj. [from compulfor,
Lat.] Having the force of compelling;
coaftive.

Which is no other,
But to recover from us by ftrong hand,
And terms compulfalory, thoi'c fiirefaiJ lands
So by his father loft. Shairfpeare's Hamlet,

Cimpu'lsion. n. /. [compuljio, Latin.]

1. The a£l of compelling to fomething ;
force ; violence of the agent.

If rcafonswereas plenty as blackberries, I would
give no man a rcafon on c&m^ulfion,

Sbakefptitrc'i Henry IV.
Thoughts, whither have ye led me ? with that
fweet
Coapuljioii thustranfported ! Miltin'i Purad. Ltjl.

Such fwect ccmpuljian doth in mufick lie,
To lull the daughters of ncceflity. Mili'yn.

2. The (late of being compelled ; violence
• fttifered.

Coi>:pulfiott is in an agent capable of volition,
when the beginning or continuation of any aftion
is contrary to the preference of his mind. Lucke.

When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear.
With what compulficn and laborious flight
Wo funk thus low I Milton's Paraitife LoJI.

This faculty is free from compulfion, ^nd fo fpon-
taneous. and free from determination by the parti-
cular nbjcil. Hate.
Foflibly there v/ere others who aflilted Harold,
partly out of fear and am/>ay//"tn.

Hale on Cimmon haio.
CoMPu'l-SIVE. adj. [fTOm ccmpul/er, Fr.
ccmpuljiis, Latin.] Having the power to
compel ; forcible.

The Danube, vaft and deep.
Supreme of rivers I to the frightful brink,
Urg'd by ccmpiilfs-je arms, fnon as they reach'd.
New terror cnill'd their veins. Philips.

The clergy would b: glad to recover their dues
by a more (hort and eompulfive method. Sivift,
Compw'lsi VELV. adv. [from compuljive.]

By force ; by violence.
Compu'lsiveness. II. j'. [from compul-

jive.] Force ; compul fion.
Qoarv'LSOKiir.adv. [from com^ulfiirj.]

COM

In a compulfory or forcible mariner ; by
force ; by violence.

To fay that the better dcfer»er hath fuch right
to gjvern, as he may cunputforily bring under the
lei's worthy, is idle. • Bacon.

CoMPii'LSORV. adj. [compul/oire, Fr. ]
Having the power of neceiHtaiing or
compelling.

He errcth in this, to think that anions, pro-
ceeding from fear, are properly compulfory aflfons ;
whii;h, in truth, are not only voluntary, but free
aflions \ neither compelled, nor fo much as phy-
fically ncceflitateJ. Bramball againjl Hchhis.

K'ndly it would be taken to comply with a pa-
tent, although not compulfory, S'tvift.

COMPlpSlCTlON. «./. [compon^ion, Fr.
from pungc, piinBum, to prick, Latin.]

1 . The power of pricking ; llimulation ;
irritation.

This is that acid and piercing fpirit, which,
with fuch adlivity and c^mpunflicit, invadeth the
brains and noftrils of thofe that receive it.

Bro^vn^s Vulvar Encurs.

2. The ftate of being pricked by the con-
fcience ; repentance ; contrition.

He acknowledged his difljyalty to the king,
with expreHions of great comfunFilon. Clarendon.

Compu'nctious. adj. [from compunc-
tion.'] Repentant; forrowful ; tender.

Stop up th' accefs and pafl'age to remorfe.
That no cantpan^iaus vifitings of nature
Shake my fell purpofe. Sbakefpcare' i Macbeth.
Compu'nctive. adj. [ftom compunSiioii.]

Caufing remorfe.
CoMPURC a'tion. «. /. [compurgaiio,
Lat.] The prailice of juftifying any
man's veracity by the teftimony of an-
other.
Compurga'tor. ».y^ [Latin.] Onewho
bears his telUmony to the credibility of
another.

The neir quarry, or chalk-pit, will give abun-
dant atteftation : thefc are fo obvious, that 1 need
. not be far to feek for a compurgator.

lycoiltvarj* s Natural Hijiory.
Compu't ABLE. fl(^'. [hom compute.] Ca-
pable of being numbered or computed.

If, inltcad of twenty-four letters, there were
tAventy-four millions, as thofe twenty-four millions
are a finite number, fo would all combinations
thereof he finite, though no: eafily computable by
arlthmctick. Hale's Origin of Mankind.

Computa'tion. »./. [from compute.]
I. The aft of reckoning; calculation.

My princely father
Then, by juft computation fvf the time.
Found that the ilTue was not his.

Sbakifpeare's Richard III.

z. The fum collefted or fettled by calcula-
tion.

We pafs for women of fifty ; many additional
years are thrown into female computations of this
nature. Addifin's Guardian.

To COMPU'TE. -v. a. [computo, Latin.]
To reckon ; to calculate ; to number ;
to count.

Compute hovi much water would be requifite to
lay the earth under water.

Burnet's Theory of the Earth.

Where they did compute by weeks, yet Hill the
year was meafured by months. H Idcr en Time,

Alas ! not dazzled with their noon-tide ray,
Ccmpi.te the morn and cv'ning ro the day;
The whole amount of that enormoui fame,
A tale that blends their glory with their (h.imc.

P'pe.

Compu'te. ». / [computus, Lat.] Com-
putation; calculation.

CON

Though there were a fatality in this year, jrtt
divers were out in their account, aberring fevcral
ways from the true and juft compute ; and calling
that one year which perhaps might be another.

Bro7vn's yulgar Errours*

Compu'ter. n.f. [from compute] Reck-
oner ; accountant ; calculator.

■ The kalendars of thcfe computers, and the ac.
counts of thcfe days, are different.

Bro7vns Vulgar Errourt*

I have known fome fuch ill computers, as to

imagine the many "millions in ftocjcs fo much real

wealth. Siviji,

Co'mputist. It./, [computijle, Fr.] Cal-
culator ; one Called in the art of num-
bers or computation.

The treafui«r was a wife man, and a ftrifl com-

f^ft- Wotten.

We conceive we have a year in three hundred

and fixty-fivc days exaft: rom/ii/j^j tell us, that we

efcape fix hours. Brown,

Co MRADE. n.f. [camerade, Fr. from ca-
mera, a chamber : one that lodges in
the fame chainber, contuberniofruitur.]

1 . One who dwells in the fame houfe or
chamber.

Rather I abjure all roofs, and chufe
To be a comrade with the wolf and owl.

Shakefpearc's King Lear.

2. A companion ; a partner in any labour
or danger.

He permitted them
To put out both thine eyes, and fettcr'd fend thee
Into the common prifon, tlicrc to grind
Among the (laves and afTcs, thy comrades.
As good {,<x nothing elfe. Atitton's Agoniflcs.

A footman, being newly married, defired his
comrade to tell him freely what the town faid of it.

Con. a Latin infeparable prepofition,
which, at the beginning of words, fig-
nilies union or aflbciation : as concourj'e,
a running together ; to convene, to come
together.

Con. [abbreviated from contra, againft,
Lat.] A cant word for one who is on
the negative fide of a queftion ; as, the
pros and cons.

To CON. V. a. [connan. Sax. to know ;
as, in Chaucer, Old nxymen connen mochil
thinge ; that is. Old women have much
knowledge.]

1. To kno.v.

Of mufe>, HobbinrI, I nnnt no /kill
Enough to me to paint out my unreft.

!< f infer s Paflorah

2. To ftudy ; to commit to memory ; to
fix in the mind. It is a word now little
in ufe, c'.cept in ludicrous langu.ige.

Pretty anfwcrs \ have you not been aC(5u.ainted
with goldfniilhs wives, and connd tliem out of
rings ? Sbakefpcart.

Here arc your parts ; and I am to intreat you to
con them by to-morrow night.

Shaktfpearc's Midfummcr Night's Dream.

Our underttanding cannot in this body arrive
ff> c'early to the knowiedgeof God, and things iu-
vifible, as by orderly conning over the vifible and
infci i >ur creatures. Milton.

Shew !t him written; and, having the other alfo
wiiten in the paper, fliew him that, after he Itas
conned the firlt, and rc'iiiirc it of him.

Holder's Elements r,f Speech.
The books of which I'm chiefly lond.
Are fuch as you have whilom cunn'd. Prior,

All this while John had canned over fuch a ca-
talogue of hard words, as were enough to conjure
up the devil. viriuibrot.

3- T(,

CON

3. 9*0 Con thanks ; an old expreflion for

te thank. It is the fame with ffo'voir

grh
1 can him no thanki f'jr't, :h the nature he de-

Irvcrs it. iibaiglfeare,

Ti CONCA'MERATE. -v. a. [concamero.

Lat.] To arch over ; to vault ; to lay

concave over.

Of the upper beak, an inch :ind a ha!f confifteth

of one concamerattJ hone f bended downwards, and

toothed as the other. Gniv^i Mufeum.

Con"camera'tioh. v./. [from concami-

rati.] Arch ; vault.

What a romance i( the ftory of thofe impoflible

ccraiivcrjthns, and feigned rotations of foiid orbs !
CUrTviUe^s Sccpjii.

To CONCA'TENATE. -y. a. [from ca-
tena, Lat. a chain.] To link together;
to unite in a fucceflive order.

CoNCATEN a'tion. ti.f. [from concale-
nate.'\ A feries of links ; an uninter-
rupted onvariable fucceflion.

The tto.cks affirmed a fatal, unchangeable «n-
cofmautn of caufes, reaching t5 the elicit acts of
man's will. Scuth.

Concava'tion. n, /. [ from coitca-ve.']
The aft of making concave.

CONCA'VE. a,/J. [ccKcafus, Latin.]

1. Hollow without angles; as, the inner
furface of an egglhell, the inner curve
of an arch ; oppofed to convex.

Thcfe grca". fragm'J'.ti falling hollow, indofcd
under their concave furface a great deal of air,

Burn.l'i Ttcory.

2. Hollow.

Have you not made an univerfal fhout,
ThatTjbcr trembled underneath his banks.
To hear the replication of your founds
Made in his wBCtf-rf rtiores ? Shak.yuJiutCafar,

For his verity in love, I do think him as ton-
€dvc as a covered goblet, or a worm-ca'en nut.

Sbtikf^yeare^s yii im like it.

Cove a've NESS. n. /. [from concave. '\
Hollownefs. D^a.

Conca'vity. ft./. [Uom concave.] In-
ternal furface of a hollow fpherical or
fpheroidical body.

Niches that cor.tain figures of white marble
il^ould not be coloured in their concavity too black.

lycticn.
They have taken the imprefles of thefc (hells
with that ex<iuifite nicenefs, that no metal, when
melted and cad in a mould, can ever poflibly repre-
fent the ctncavity of that mould with greater exa£l-
Mf« than thefc flints do tht ancaiAiiet of the (hells,
wherein they were moulded. IVouliv. Nat. hijl.

CovCAVo-coNCAVE. adj. Concave or

hollow on both fides.
Concavo-convex, adj. [from concave

and convex.] Concave one way, and

convex the other.

1 procured innxhtr ccnrave-etnvex plate of glafs,

ground on both (ides to the fame fphere with the

former plate. Nemton.

A concavo'ccnvex pentangular plate, part of a

flieU that bdongs to the entrochu^.

ff^^eJtvard m F^Jfls.
Conca'vous. adj. [coneavus, Lat.] Con-
cave ; hollow without angles.
CoNC a'vousl V. adv. [from co/ica-vous.]
With hollownefs ; in fuch a manner as
difcovers the internal furface of a hoHow
fyhere.

The dolphin that carricth Arion U attcavcujly
inverted, and hath iu fpine deprelTed.

T» CONCE'AL. V. a. {oncth, Latin.]

CON

To hide ; to keep fecret ; not to di-
vulge ; to cover ; not to deteft.

He oft (inds mcd'cine, who his grief imparts ;
But double griefs afflift cmctj/ing hearts. Fairy iij.

Come, Catelby, thou arffworn
As deeply to e(t'c€t what we intend.
As dofcly to ciKCcal what we impart.

Staicfpearc's RictartlUl.
Vlyfles bimfelf adds, he was the mcft eloquent
and the moft (ilcnt of men : he knew that a word
fpoke never wrought fo much good as a word ccn-
ceahd. Bttccme.

There is but one way I know of converCng fafcly
with all men, tfiat is, not by conceaUtig what wc
fay or do, but by faying or doing nothing that de-
fenes to be concealed. ■P'V^.

Con c e'a l a b l e . adj. [from conceal. ] Ca-
pable of being concealed ; poffible to be
kept fecret, or hid.

Returning a lye unto his Maker, and prefuming-
to put off the Icarchcr of hearts, he denied the
omnil'ciency of God, whereunto there is nothing
caxeahile. Brmvns Vulgar Erroun.

Conce'a LED NESS. n. /. [ivom conceal.^
The ftate of being concealed ; privacy ;
obfcurity. Diil.

Cokce'aler. h. /. [from conceal.'\ He
that conceals any thing.

They were to umlergo the penalty of forgery, and
the ccrtccaler of the crime was equally guilty.

Clareiidt)n.

Conce'a I, ME NT. n.f. \ixom. conceal.'\

1, The aft of hiding ; fccrecy.

She n':vcr told her love ;
But let concealrr.cnt, like a worm i' th' bud.
Feed on her daniafk cheek. Sbaiejp. ttv. Nigbl.

He is a worthy gentleman,
Eiceedingly wcU read, and profited
In (Grange concealments, Sbakefpeare'tlJenryW .
Few own fuch fcniiments ; yet this concealment
derives rather from the fear of man than of any
Being above, Glanville.

2, The ftate of being hid ; privacy ; de-
litefcence.

A perfon of great abilities is zealous for the good
of mankind, and as felicitous for the ccncealnunt as
the performance oi iUuHrious aftions.

Addif^n^s Frnbolder.

3, Hiding-place ; retreat ; cover ; (belter.

The choice of thii holy name, as the moft ef-
fe^ual concealment of a wicked dclign, fuppofes
mankind fatis/ied that nothing but what is jud is
dirc£lcd by the principles of it. Rogers.

The cteft tree
Offers its kind concealment to a few,
Their food its infefis, and its mofs their nells.

Thmfon.

Ttf CONCE'DE. v.a. [concedo, Latin.]
To yield ; to admit ; to grant ; to let
pafs undlfputed.

By expurgatory animadverfions we might ftrike
out great numbers of hidden qualities; and, having
once a conceded lilt, we might with more fafcty at-
tempt their reafons. •' Bro^vn.
This mud not be (ciic«/<i^ without limitation.

Boyle.

The athcid, if you concede to him that foituiic

may be arr agent, doth prcfume himfelf fafe and

invulnerable. Ber.tlcy.

eONCE'IT n./. [concept, French; con-
cept us, Latin.]
1. Conception ; thought; idea; image in
the miod.

Here the very fhcpherds have their fancies lifted
to-fo hi^h conceits, as the learned of other nations
are content both to borrow their names, and imi-
tati' their cunning. Hidney,

Impoffiblc it was, that ever their will ihould.
change or incline to remit any part of their duty,.
without fome olijctl having iorcc to avert thrir
conceit from God,. Hahr.

CON

His grace looks cheerfully and fmooth this morn-
ing:
Thf re 's iami: conceit, or other, likes him well,
When that he bids good-morrow with fuch fpirit.

Sbakejpeare.

Ill laughing there ever precedeth a conceit of

fomewbat ridiculous, and therefore it is proper to

man. Baccn^s Natural Hijlory,

2. Underftanding ; readinefs of appre-
henfion.

How often, alas ! did her eyes fay unto me, that
they loved ! and yet I, not looking for fuch a
matter, had not my conceit open to underdand
tliem. Sidney.

The firft kind of things appointed by laws hu-
mane, containeth whatfoever is good or evil, is
notwithftanding more fecret than that it can be
difccrncd by every man's prefcnt conceit, without
fome deeper difcourfe and judgment. Iloc^ker.

I (hall be found of a quick conceit in judgm.'nt,
and iiiall be admired. iViJdom, viii. ji.

3. Opinion, generally in a fenfe of con-
tempt; fancy; imagination; fantaftical
notion.

1 know not how conceit may rob
The treafuiy of life, when life itfelf
Yields to the theft. Sbakejpeare^ s King Eear,

Strong conceit, like a new principle, carries all
eafily with it, when yet above common fenfe.

Locke,
MalLranche has an odd conceit.
As cverenter'd Frenchman's pate. Prhr,

4. Opinion, in a neutral fenfe.

Seed thou a man wife in his own conceit f
There is more hope of a fool than of him.

Proverbi, xxvi. iz.

I (hall not fall f approve the fair conceit
The king hath of you. Sbakcjfeare's Henry VIII.

5. Pleafant fancy ; gaiety of imagination ;
acutenefs.

His wit is as thick as Tewklbury muftvd •.
there is no more nuceit in him than is in a mailer.

Sbakejpeare' s Henry 1V»
While he wv^ on his way to the gibbet, a freak
took him in tlic head to go off with a conceit.

' L'EJlrangt.

6. Sentiment, as dlftlnguiflied from ima-
gery.

Some 10 conceit alone their works confine.
And glitt'rlng thoughts (iruck out at ev'ry line.

Pope,

7. Fondnefs ; favou»able opinion ; opi-
nionative pride.

S nee by a little (iudying in learning, and great
conceit of himfelf, he has loft his religion ; may he
find it again by harder ftudy, under humbler
truth. Bcntley,

8. Out of Conceit tnith. No longer
fond of.

Nof that I dare alTume to myfelf to have put
him out of conceit *zvitb it, by having convinced
him of the fantafticalncfs of it. 7Wotfon, Preface.

What hath chiefly put me out of conceit wilb
this moving manner, is the frequent difappoint-
mcnt. Sivift.

To Conce'it. V. a. [from the noun.] To
conceive ; to imagine ; to think ; tc
believe.

One of two bad ways you mufV conceit me.
Either a coward, or a flatterer. Sbak.^ul, Ceeff.r.

They looked, for great matters at their hands,
in a caufe which they conctitcd to be for the liberty
of the fubjeft. Baton.

He conceits himfelf to be (truck at, when he is
not fi much as thought of. VEJirange.

The ftrong, by conceiting themfelves weak, are

thereby rendered as unaftivc, and confequently as

ufclels, as if they really were fo. Souib's Sermons,.

Con ck' IT HO. particip. adj. [from conceit. '\

I. Endowed with fancy.

He was of countenance amiable, of feature
comely, aillve of body, plcafantly conceited, and
fliarp of wit.. Knotl-i.

2. Froud;,

•2. .TrouJi fond of himfelf; opinionative;'
alFefted; fantallical.

Thtre is mother extreme In ••bfcure writers,

which feme empty cmitifd heads are apt to run

into, out ot" 3 proJigality of wjrds, and a want of

fenfc. /•«.'«« «i ibt ClaJJicki.

If you think me too concdudi

Or to paffinn ijaiclcly heated. Sv'-ft.

Whit you write of mc, would malce me more

ttr.riitui tiian whar I fcrlbbir mv fclf. fofe.

3. With ff/"before the objea of conceit.
Ever) man is building a feveral way, impotently
cmctiitd oj his own model and his own materials.

Dryden,

If we conEder liow vitiooj «nd corrupt the

Athenians were, how tor.ceiteii of their own wit,

fcience, and politensfs. Bnt/cy.

Coxce'itedlx-. aJ-v. [from (onteited.}
FandfuUy ; whimfically.

ConceiicJIy drefs her, and be aiHgn'd
By you fit place for every flower and jewel :
Make her for love fit fuel. Donnt.

Conce'itedness. n.f. [itom conceited."]
Pride ; opinionativenefs ; fondnefs of
himfelf.

When men think none woithy efteem, but fuch
as claim uiider their own pretences, partiality and
tiitcdtuiiKp make them give the pre-eminence.

Coliler on Pritie.

C»nce'itless. adj. [from conceit,'] Stu-
pid ; without thought ; dull of appre-
henfion.

Think'ft thou I am fo (hallow, fo eiitctitltfs.
To be fcduccd by thy flattery.

Skakefp. T-urn Gent. ofVtrma.

Conce'ivable. adj. [from ctncei'v^.]

1. That may be imagined or thought.

If it were polfible to cjntrive an invention,
whereby any concnvgbk wxight may be moved by
any concervabU power, with the fame quicknefs,
without other inftrument, the works of nature
<vou!d be too much fubjefl to art. H'ilk'm,

2. That may be underftood or believed.

The freezing of the words in the air, in the
Northern climes, is as conciivailt as this ftrange
union. CUnvllU^t Sccpjli,

It is not nncc'ivallt, that it fhould be indeed

that very perfon, whufe Ihape and voice it alfumed.

^ttcrbury's Serntc'ns.

Cokce'ivableness. ». /. [from concei'v-
able.] The quality of being conceivable.

Did.

Conce'ivably. adv. [from concei<val>le.]
In a conceivable or intelligible manner.

To CONCE'IVE. a/, a. [conctvoir, Fr.
concipere, Lat.]

1. To admit into the womb ; to ■form in
the womb.

I was (hafen in ini<}uity, and in fin did my
mother concave me. Pfalm li. 5.

2. To form in the mind ; to imagine.

Nebuchadnezzar hath conceived a purpofe ag.iin(l
you. 'Jeremiah.

Thii mao nnce'rved the duke's death ; but what
was the motive of that felonious conception, is in
the clouds. Wotlon.

3. To comprehend ; to underftand : as, he
conceives the lu hole Jyjietn.

Thi< kifs.if it durft fpeak,
W'ould ftretch thy fiiiits up into the air :
Oinceive, and fare thee well. Sbahj'f. King Lear,

•4. To think; to be of opinion.

If you coin^>arc my gentlemen with Sir John,
you will hardly conceive tiim to have been bred in
the fame climate. Hviifl.

To Conce'ive. f . ».

I . 'io think ; to have an idea of.

Tlie griev'd commoM
Hardly ctnterve of mc : kt it be nois'd,
That, through our intercefiion, this rcvokemeot
Ani pardon tomes. Skikejfeart't Uciuy Vlll.

C O -N

O ^at«valls me now that^ionanrV!^
To have eonc-iv'J of God! or that falute.
Hail, highly favour'd, among women blell ! Afi/j

Corcciv! of citings cle;rrly and dil>inftly in their
own naturci; conceive o( things completciy in all
their parts; eaieeive of things coroprehenfively in
all rheir proper4ics ind relations; ««tewe of things
extenfively in all their kinds ; mtceive of things
ordcrlv, or in a proper method. Want's hogick.

2. To become prignant.

The flocks fliould conceive when they came to
dtlJik. Ctmjti.

The beautenns maid, whom tit beheld, poflefs"U ;
Cnciiving as flie flcpt, her fruitful womb
Swell'd with the founder of immortal Rome.

AUifon.

Conce'iver. «./ [from cenrei've.] One
that underftands or apprehends.

Though hereof prudent fymbols and pious alle-
gories b« made by wilisr conceivtrs, yet common
heads will fly unto fi^erllitious applications.

Brcvtni Vulgar Errouri.

Conce'nt. n. /. [loucentus, Latin.]

1. Concert of voices ; harmony; concord

of found.

It is to' be con£dered, that whatfoever virtue is
in numbers, for conducii^ to conunt of note.*, is
rather to be afcribed to the ante-number than to
the entire number. Bacon,

2. Confiftency.

Reafons borrowed from nature »nd the fchool-
men, as fubfervient mediums, carry a mulickand
concent to that which God hath faid in his word.

Vr. Maine.
'Tis in cmcent to his own principles, which
allow no merit, no intrinfick worth, to accompany
one ftate more than another. jitterbury.

To CONCE'NTRATE. v. a. {concentrer.
Ft. from con and centrum, Lat.] To
drive into a narrow compafs ; to diive
towards the centre : contrary to expand
or dilate.

Spirit of vinegar, concentrated and reduced to its
gicateft ftrcngth, will coagulate the ferum.

jirbutbnot OK jilimentt.
Concentra'tion. «. /. [from concen-
trate,] Colleftion into a narrow fpace
round the centre ; compreffion into a
narrow compafs.

All circular bodies, that receive a concentration
of the light, muft be ftadowed in a circular man-
ner. Peaebam on Draiving.
To Conce'ntre. nj. n. [concentrer, Fr.
from COS and centrum, Latin.] To tend
to one common centre ; to have the
fame centre with fomething elfe.

The bricks having firft been formed in a cir-
cular mould, and then cut, before their burning,
into four quartet'; or more, the firfes afterwards
join fo clofcly, and the points concentre fo ejaftly,
that the pillars appear one entire piece. }Vi,tton.

All thele are like fo many lines drawn from fe-
veral objefts, that fomc way relate to him, and
cor.centre\t\ him. Hale.

To Conce'nt RE. <v. a. To direft or con-
traft towards one centre.

'I'he having a part lei's to animate, will ferve to
concentre the fpirits, and make them more aAive in
the reft. Decay of Piety.

In thee eeneentring all their precious beams
Of facreJ influence ! Milton.

Conce'ntric AL, 7 adj, [ concetitricus,
Conce'ntrick. J Lat.] Having one
common centre.

If, as in water ftirr'd, more circles be
Pioduc'd by one, love fuch additions take ;
Thofc, like fo many fphetes, but one heav'n make 5
For they arc all concentrick unto thee. Donne.
■ Any fubftancc, pitched fteddy upon two points,
as on an axis, and moving about on that axis, ^Ifo
dcfctibcs a circle concentrick to the axis.

bioxon'i Mechanical Exercijes.

CON

If the cryftalline hemoJir had Keen ttmmtricJ

to the fclerodes, the eye would not have admitted

a while hemifphere atone view, fay on tbeCreat,

If a ftonc be thrown into ftagnating water, the

waves excited thereby continue fome time to arile

in tlje place where the ftone fell into the watov

and are propagated from thence into eonctnlrick

circles upon the furface of the water to great dif-

taiices. Tfev/iov'i Oftiekt.

The manner of its concretion is by coneeniricat

rings, like thofeof an onioll about the firft kernel,

/Irbuienot en Diet,

Circular revolutions in emcentriik orbs about the

fun, or other central body, coulc ia no wife.be

attained without the power of the Divine arm.

Bentley^s Sermons,

Co NC e'p T A c L E . n.f. [conceptacufum, Lat.]

That in which any thing is ooniained-j

a veSeU

There is at this day refident, in that huge <o»-
ceftacle, water enough to effeft Cuch » deluge.

Wood-ward's Natural Hijiory, Preface.

Conce'ptible. adj, [from concipio, con-
ceptum, Lat.] That may be conceived ;
intelligible ; capable to be underftood.

Some of his attributes, and the mani'eftations
thereof, are not only highly dcleSable to the intelT
lcSi\e faculty, but arc mort foitable and eafily
ann^tible by us, becaufc apparent in his works.

liale't Origin of Mankind.

Conce'ption. n. /. [conceptia, Latin.]

1 . The aft of conceiving, or growing quick
with pregnancy.

I will greatly multiply thy forrow by tliy ctncep-
t'lan i in forrow thou (halt bring forth children.

Genefii, iii. iSa

Thy forrow I will greatly multiply ,

By thy conctpi'an; children thou diaic bring
In forrow forth. Milton's Paradije Lofl.

2. The ftate of being conceived.

Joy h.id the like conception in our eyes,
And, at that inftant, like a babe fprung up. Sbak.

Our own produftions flatter us : it is impoflible
not to be fond of them at tlie moment of their
conception, Dryden's Bufrejncy,

3. Notion ; idea ; image in the mind.

As c oneepti'jns are the images or refemblances of
things to the mind within itielf, in the like manner
are words or names the marks, tokens, or refem-
blances of thofc conceptions to the minds of theia
whom we converfc with. South' s Sermons,

Confult the acuteft poets and fpeakers, and they
will confefs tliat their quickeft, moft admired con-
ceptijm, were fuch as darted into their minds, like
fudiien flalhcs of lightning, they knew not how,
nor whence ; and not by any certain confequence,
or dependence of one thought upon another, as it
is in matters of ratiocination. Soutb's Servtont.

To have right conctftions about them, we mull
bring our unJerftandings to the inflexible natures
and unalterable relations of things, and not endea-
vour Co bring things to any preconceived notions
of our own. Locke.

4. Sentiment* ; purpofe.

Thou but rcmcmbei'ft mc of my own eonce/eion.
*ave perceived a moft faint negledt of late ; which-
have rather blamed as my own jealous curiofity,
han aiavery pretence and purpofe of unkindnefs.
Sbakeff-care' s King Lear,
Pleafe your highncfs, note
His dangerous conc^tion in this point :
Not friended by his wiflj to your high perfon.
His will is mort malignant, and it ftretches
Beyond you to your friends. Shakejp, Henry VIII,

5. Apprehenfion ; knowledge.

And as if bcaltscimceiv'd what reafon Were,
And that conception ftiould diftinftly fliow

They (hould the name of rcafonable bear ;
For, without reafon, none could reafon know.

Vavies.

6. Conceit ; fentiment ; pointed thought.

He is too flatulent fomctimes, and fonietimea
too dry ; many times unequal, and atmoft always
forced ; and, bcjldcs, is full of conceptions, points

of

CON

of cpigrinii ind witticVfms ; all which »re not
only below the dignity of heroick vcrfc, but con-
trary fo its nature. DrydeKs "Jn-ver.at, DedUau:v.
Coi.ce'ptious. adj. [cojicepttim, Latin.]
Apt to conceive ; fruitful ; pregnant.

C6mmon mother,
£nfear thy fertile aod cncefrkhs womb ;
Let it no more bring out to ingrateful man.

Skakijpfare^i Timottw
Cokce'ptive. a/(/. [conceptum, Latin.]
Capable to conceive.

In hot climates, and where the uterine parts ex-
ceed in heat, by the coldncfs of this fimple they
may be reduced into a <:cn:ef>tivc conilitution.

Brifwn's yalgar Emurs.
To CONCE'RN. 1/. a. {coaarner, French;
cmcerno, low Latin.]

1. To relate to ; to belong to. -

Exclude the ufe of natural rcafoning about tlic
fenfe of holy fcripture, concerning tlic articles of
our faith J andthen, tTjat the fcripture doth cm.
urn the articles of our faith, who can aflure us ?

IhcUr.

Count CUu~aio may hear; for what 1 would
fpealc of cancenu bim. Skakeffcart.

Cracious thing!
Thou haft reveal'd ; thofe chiefly which csnctrn
Juft Abraham, and his feed. MUttr's Par. Loji.

This place anctrnt not at all the dominion oi
one brother over the other. Lccki.

2. To afFeft with fome paflion ; to touch
nearly ; to be of importance to.

I would not
The caufe were known to them it mofl cmcirrs.

Shakeffeare.

Our wars with France have aftefled us in our

moft tender interefls, and ancernid us more than

thofe wth any other nation. j4M/cn en lie ff^ar.

It much concerns them not to futfer the king to

eftablifti his authority on this fide. Mdy'mim Italy.

_ The more the authority of any ftation in fociety

IS extended, the more it unctrm pubiick happinefe

that it be committed to men fearing God.

_, . Roreri't Srrmcns.

3. To intereft ; to engage by intereft.

I knew a young negroe who was fick of the
imall pox : I found by enquiry, at a perfon's cen.
cerned for him, that the4ittle tumours left whitifli
fpecki behind them. Byle on Ct/ouri.

Above the reft two goddefTes appear,
Ccncernd for each ; here Venus, Juno there.

■_ .. , Drydln's yEneid.

_ Providence, where it loves a nation, crcmi
itfdf to own and afllrt the intereft of religion, by
Wafting the fpoilers of religious, perfonslnd places.

_, South' i Sermor.i.

Whatever paft aflions it cannot reconcile, or
appropriate to that prclent felf by confcioufnefs, it
can Le no niore»n«r(;f</ in than if they had never
been doi^e. Lccki

They think the.-nfelves out of the reach of prn-'
Tidencc, and no longer ctnctrntd to folicit his fa-
vour, D

4. To dillurb ; to make uneafy.

In one cnmprefling engine I Ihut a frarrow,
without forcing any air in ; and in an hour the
bird began to pant, and be cmimtd, and in lefs
than an hour and a half to be fick. Ditkam

S- To concern him/elf. To interme<',.lle : to
be bufy.

Bc.ng a layman, I ought not to have r«,«r«^
yf'f with fpeculations which belong to the pio-

C' ^ .. ^ Urjden,

ONCE RK. »./ [from the verb]
I. Eufinefs ; affair : confidered as relatine
to fome one. *

Let early care thy main cot,t,rn, fccure,
Things of lefs moment may delays endure.

This manner of expof.ng the private conc.rn, rf
faroilirs, and fatrific-ng the fecrets of the d^ad to
«fc. cunofity of the living, is one of thofe licen-

Vol. J.

CON

tious ptaflices, which might well defcrvt the jni-
madverfion of our government. Addif. Frcehcld.-r.
A Heathen emperor faid, if the gods were of-
fended, it was their own cmcirr:, and they were
able to vindicate themfelves. S-wifi.

_ Bieligion is no trifling ccmcrr., to be performed
in any carclcfs and fuperficial manner. R'-gn.

2. Intereft ; engagement.

No plots th' alarm to his retirements give ;
'Tis all mankind's concern that he fliouldlive.

ixrv /• Drydcti.

When we fpeak of the conflagration of the world,
thefe have jjo concern in the qucftion.

Burntt'i Tbary tftbt Earth,

3. Importance ; moment.

Myllerious fccrets of a high cer.cern,
And weighty truths, folid convincing fenfe,
Explain'dby unaft'efted eloquence. Rofcmmm.

The mind is ftunned and dazzled amidil that
variety of objefls : (he cannot app)y herlclf to
ttofe things which arc of the utmort cincon to
""• _ Mdijon's Steamor.

4. Paflion ; afFeftion ; regard.

Ah, what coitccrm did both your louls divide !
Vour honour gave us what your love denied. Dryd.

O Marcia, let me hope thy kind concerns,
And gentle willies, follow me to battle.

vM-i . . jidJifon's Cato.

Why all this concern for the poor >' We w.nt
them not, as the country is naw managed : where
the plough has no work, one family can do the
bufinefs of lifty, Stvift

Co.vce'rneoly. ad-v. [from cc>,cin,.\
With affeftion; with intereft.

They had moiepifitively and ancemedh \vedded
his caufe, than they were before underftool to have
done. nf J

f~^ t Liarcndon.

(wONCE RNiNc./r/v». [from conci-rn: this
word, originally a participle, has before
a noun the force of a prepofition.] Re-
latmg to ; with relation to.

There is not any thing more fubjeft to errour,
than the true judgment concerning the power and
forces of an eftate. 5^„„.

Ihe ancients had no higher recourfe than to
nature, ts may appear by a difcourferMrermV; this
point m Strabo. £*^,^_

None can demonftrate that there is fuch an

f !f ^"T"'" ' ''"' "P°" "fti"""iy. I am free

trom all doubt ccncemirtg it. Til/otfon, Preface.

Conce'rnment. n.f. [from concern.-]

I. The thing in which we are concerned

or interefted; affair; bufinefs; intereft.

To mix with thy concernments I delift
Henceforth, nor too much difapprove my own.

Ti • /I. L ^ r . Milton's Agoniftes.

This fliews how ufeful you have been,
Tobring the king's comernments in. Huditras.

Yet when we 're fick, the deftor 's fctcht in
hafte,
Leaving our great ccneerrment to the laft. Denl'arn.

When my concernment takes up ju, nioie room
or compafs than myfelf, then, fo long as 1 know
where to breathe and to exift, I know .Ifo where
to ^ happy. g^^^^

He that 18 Wife in the affairs and concermnenis of
other men, but carelefs and negligent of his own,
that man may be faid to be buly, but he is no

wife. ' rri) r

Our fpiritual mtereftj, and the great r.«frr,im.,«i
of a future (»,ne, would doubtlcfs recur often.

D ,- • ... Attiriurf

Propofinons which extend only to the prelem
life, are fmail, comp.ifed with thofe that have in-
fluence upon our cveilafting cc!:c.r,7ments.
n , . . „ fKiiis on the Mind.

:. K,eIation ; influence.

Si-, 'tis 01 near concernmrr.t, and imports
No lefs than the king's life and honour.

I Tj • /.I <■ Dcniam's Sophy.

I Me jufily feirs a peace with mt- would prove
Of lii eoncernmeni to his haughty love.

Drjden't Indian Smftror.

CON

3. rntercourfe ; bufinefs.

The great .or.arnment of men is witli men, one
amongft another. ^^j^^

4. Importance-; moment.

I look upon experimental truths as matters of
great ctmcernmtnt to mankind. g^if

S- Interpofition ; regard ; meddling.

He married a daughter to the earl, without inw
otl.er appr,A.,rion of her father, or concernn-.en, in
It, than fuffermg him and her to come into hi.
ptelcnce. , r^, j

6-a rr . Clarendon,

. f allion ; eraotiOH of mind.

While they are fo e.iger to dertroy the fame of
others, their ambition is manifeft in th^W concern- '

If It carry w,th it the notion of fomething ex-
traordinary. It apprehenfion and concernment ac-
company It, the idea is likely to fink the deeper.

_. „ Locke.

r. CONCE'RT. 'v.o. [concerter, French;
from concert are, Latin, to prepare them -
ielves for fome pubiick exhibition, or
performance, by private encsunters ^a-
mong themfelves.]

1. To fettle any thing in private by mu-
tual communication.

2. To fettle; to contrive; to adjuft.

Mark how, already, in his working brain.
He forms the vzW-concerted fcheme of inilchi-.f.

Concert. »./. [from the verb.]

1. Communication of defigns ; eftablifti-
ment of meafures among thofe who are
engaged in the fame affair.

Ail thofe difcontents, how ruinous foever, have
anfcn from the want of a due communication and
concert. c ■/-.

AC «. Oivtft.

2. A lymphony; many performers play-
ing to the fame tune.

Concerta'tion. n.f. [ccncertatio, Lat.l
Strife ; contention.

Conce'rtative. adj. [ concert ati'vus,
Latin.] Contentious; quarrelfomc ; re-
criminating. 2);'^

CONCE'SSION. ,./ [..^.#,. Latin.]'

1. The aft of granting or yielding.

The cncejion of thefe charters was-in a parlij.
mentary way. Hale's Common Laio of England.

2. A grant ; the thing yielded.

I mi counted myfelf undiminilhcd by my lavgcit
concejjions, it by them I might gain the love of my
P™1^[- ,. , K.ngChctrlel

When a lover becomes fatisrted bv fmall com-
pliances, withuut further purfuits, then exnea to
find popular aflcmblics content with fmall concef.

rJ"""- . S^ift.

Conce ssionary. adj. [from cpnceffisn.\
Given by indulgence or allowance.

Concb'ssively. adv. [from conceJpoH.-\
By way of conceflion ; as, yielding ;
not controverting by aflumption.

Some ha^e written rhetorically and concelfttieh •
not controverting, but affuming the oueftion'
which, taken as granted, .idvantaged the illation.

Con c H . »./. [concha, Latin.] A ftiell ; a

fea-fticll.
He fuinilhes her clofec firft, and tills

The crowded (lielves with larliies of Ihcl.'s •

Mi, orient pearls, which from the conch he drew.

And all the fpatkling ftones of various hue.
o ' ,. ™, Dryden's Fahltt.

Conchoid, at./ The name of a curve.

CoNci LIAR. adj. [conciliutn, Latin.] Re-
lating to a council.

Having been frameu by men of primitive fimpli.
city, in free and conciliar debates, without any am-
bitious regards. Baker', Rejleahm On Ltarmng.

3 B To

CON

r« CONCI'LIATE. -v. a. [conallo, Ltt.]
To gain ; to procure good will ; to re-
concile.

It via iccoonttd i philtre, or plants that eimci-

liatt affcrtion. Brrwu'i Vulgar Emurt.

Co N c I L I a't 1 o n . ». /. [from conciliate.']

The aft of gaining or reconciling. Didl.

CoNCiLi a'tor. n. f. [from concilialeJ]

One that makes peace between others.
CoNCl'l.I ATOR r. adj. [from conciliate.]
Relating to reconciliation. /)/V?.

Conci'mnity. n, /. [from concinnitas,

Lat.] Decency ; fitnefs.
CONCrN'NOUS.arf>. [concimus, Latin.]

Becoming; pleafitnt ; agreeable.
Co'nciOn ATORY. a<lj. [ ccncicaatorias,
concio, Latin.] Ufed at preachings or
publick afTemt^lies.

Their comclincfs unbcguiled the vulgar of the
old opinion the loyalifts had formerly infufed irto
them bv their ccmicjuif-iy inveftives. Hoicel.

CONCi'SE. adj. [conci/us, cut, Latin.]
Brief; (hort ; broken into fhort periods.
The cmctft ftile, which exi-rcflelh not enuugh,
but leaves fomewhat to be undorftood.

Bm JoKJm'i Difceveriis.
Where the author is obfcure, enlighcen him ;
where he is too brief and ccndfe, amplify a little,
aod fet bis notions in a fairer view,

IValts en the M'wJ.

Coi»ci'sELY.«</a'. [from rone//*.] Briefly;
Ihortly ; in few words ; in ihort fenten-
ces.

UiyfTei here fpeaks very cenc'ifcly, and he may
fcem CO break abruptly into the fubjed.

BiKme fit the Odyffrf.

Cosci'sENEss n.f. [from concife.] Brevi-
ty ; fhortncfs.

Giving niorc fcope to Mezentius and Laufus,
that verfion, which has more of the majofty ot
Virgil, has lefs of his conciferefs. Drydin.

CoNCi'sios n.f. [f5?rf//a»!, Latin.] Cut-
ting off; excifion ; dellruftion.

Concita'tion. n.f, [concitalio, Latin.]
The aft of ftirring up, or putting in mo-
tion.

The revelations of he.iven are conceive! by im-
mediate illumination of the foLl ; whereas the de-
ceiving fpirit, by ancitaliin of liumours, produces
tonccited phantafmes. Brnun.

•iONCLAMA'TiON.Jf./ [coticlamatio, Lat.]
An outcry or fhout of many together.

■ Dia.

Cp'wctAVE. n.f. [conclave, Latin.]

1. A private apartment.

2. Thc.robm in which the cardinals meet;
or, the affembly of the cardinals.

1 chaaic the holy tcnclavc for their loves ;
They've fcilc me fuch a man 1 would have wirti'd
tor. Shaleffeare.

It Was faiJ of a cardinal, by reafon of his apia-
lent likelihood Jo fte p into St. Peter's chair, that
in two cmchvci he went in pope, and came out
again cardinal. ^ Sculh't iiermons.

3. A clofe alFcrably.

Forthwith a cetulavt of the godhead meets,
Where Juno ii> the Ihlning fcnatc fits. Giirfh.

To CONCLU'JDE. -v. a. [concludo, Latin.]

1 . To fhut.

The very perlbn of Chrift, therefore, for ever
and the felt- lime, was only, touching bodily fub-
iVarce, cmluj/d within the jirave. Hooker.

2. To include ; to comprehend.

Cod hath ccncludfd them all in unbelief, that
he might have mercy upon alt. Rt,mani, xi. 31.

J. To col left by ratiocination.

The providences of CioJ are promifcuoufly ad-
minillcrej in this world j fa that no man can i.n-

CON

ehdt God's love or hatted to tny perfon, by any
thing that befals jiim. 7WotJari.

4. To decide ; to determine : that is, to
Jhut or clofe the difpute.

Vouch, eie it fees the world, here ftudies reft;
And age, returning thence, conclude) it beft. Dryd,

But no frail man, however great or high.
Can be ondudcd bleft before he die. Mdij. Ovid.

5. To end ; to fini(h.

Is it concluded he (hall be proteftor ?
It is dctermin'd, not concluded yet ;
But fo it muft be, if the king mifcarry.

Sbak/fl>rart' s Richard III.

I will nnclude this part with the fpcccS of a

couiifellor of ftate. Bacon.

Thefe are my theme, and how the war begau.
And how concludtd by the godlike man.

Dryden'i j^ncid.

6. Tooblige, asbythe final determination.

The king wculd never endure that the bafe
multitude (hould frurtrate the authority of the
parliairent, wherein their votes and confents were
concluded.. Baccn's Hcr.ry VII.

If therefore they will appeal to revelation for
their creation, they muft be concluded by it.

Halt's Origin of Mankind.

He never refufed to be concluded by the autho-
rity of one legally fummoned. Atterbury.

To Conclu'de. v. n.

1. To perform the laft aft of ratiocina-
tion ; to colleft the confequence ; to
determine.

For why fliould we the bufy foul believe.
When boldly (he ccncluda of that and this ;

When of herfelf (he can no judgment give.
Nor how, nor whence, nor where, nor what (he is i'

Dar/ie?,

The blind man's relations import no neceflity of
concluding, that though black was the roughcft 0 J
colours, therefore white fiiould be the fmoothdl.
Boyle en Colours.

There is fometHng infamous in the very at-
tempt : the woild will conclude I had a guilty con-
fcience. jlrhuthnot's Hiftory of Jubn Bull.

2. To fettle opinion.

Can wc conclude upon Luther's inftability as our
author has done, becaufe, in a fmgle notion no
way fundamental, an enemy writes that he had
fome doublings ? _ Aiterhury.

I quell ion not but your tranflation will do h>-
nour to our country ; for I conclude of it already
from thofe performances. .^ddtj'on to Fofe.'

3. Finally to determine.

They humbly fue unto your excellence.
To have a goodly peace concluded of
Between the realms of England and of France.

Shaktfitire.

4. To end.

And all around wore nuptial bonds, the ties
Of love's alTurance, and a train of lyes.
That, made in lurt, conclude in perjuries.

Dryden's Fables.

We'll tell when 'tis enough.

Or if it wants the nice concluding bout. King.

Conclu'dency. n.f, [from concludent.]

Confequence ; regular proof ; logical

deduftion of reafon.

Judgment concerning things to be known, or
the ncglcft and coucludency of them, ends in deci-
fion. H"''-

Conclu'dent. adj. [from conclude.] Dc-
cifive ; ending in jull and undeniable
confequences.

Though thcfc kind of arguments may fcem
more obl'cure, yet, upon a doc confideration ol
them, they are highly confcijuiAtial and concludcnl
to my purpofe. Hale's Origin of Mankind-

Conclu'dingly. ad'v. [from conclude.]
With uncontrovertible evidence.

Examine whether the opinion you meet with,
repugnant to what you were formcily cmbued
with, be cinjudingly dgjnanftraud or not. Digty.
+

CON

Cos CLv'sihLt. adj. [from ce/icluJe.'] De-
terminable ; certain by regular proof.

"Tis as ccrtainiy cinclufite from God's pie-
fcience, that they will voluntarily do this, as that
they will do it at all. Hammond.

CoNCLu'siON. n.f. [from conclude,']

1. Determination; final decifion.

Ways >f peaceable conchfnn there are but thefe
two certain ; the one a fentence of judicial deci-
fion, given by authority thereto appointed within
ourli Ives ; the othtr, the like kind of fentence given
by a more nnivcrfal authority. _ Hooker,

2. The colleftion from propofitions pre-
mifed ; the confequence.

'Ihe ecnclufiin of experience, from the time paft

to the time prefcnt, w.U not be found and pertitft,

Bacon's fVar ivitb Spjin,

And maiTyinj divers principles and grounds.

Out ol their match a true ccnclufon brings, Davie:,

Then doth the wit
Build fond conclufons on thofe idle grounds ;
Then doth it fly the good, and ill purfuc. Dav'sts.
I only deal by rules of art, ^
Such as are lawful, and judge by
Csnclufons of aftrology. Hudilras,

It is of the nature of principles, to yield a cciiclu-
fun diftercnt from themfelves. TulotfoM.

He granted him both the major and the minor;
but denied him the cor.clufion. Aidifon's Freeholder.

3. The clofe ; the laft refult of argumen-
tative deduftioQ.

Let us hear the ccnclufM of the whole matter :
Fear God, and keep his commandments; for this
is the whole duty of man. EccliJ. xii. i 5.

I have been, reafoning, and in concluftcn have
thought it beft to return to what fortune hath
made my home. Sw'ift.

4. The event of experiments ; experi-
ment.

Her phyfician tells me.
She has purfued conclufons in6nite
Of eafy ways to die. Skat. Antony and Cleopatra.
We pradlife likewifc all conclufions of grafting and
inoculating, as well of wild trees as fiuit trees.

Bacon's Ne^o Atlantis.

5. The end ; the laft part.

I can fpcak no longer ; yet I will ftrain myfelf
to breathe out this one invocation, which (hall be
my ccnclufcn. Hmiel.

6. In Shakefpeare it feems to fignify ftlence ;
confinement of the thoughts.

Your wife OQavia, with her modcft eyes
And ftill conclujhn, flj.nll acquire no honour,
Demuring upon me. Sbak. Antony and Cleopatra.
CoNCLu'siVE. adj. [from conclude.]

1. Decifive ; giving the laft determination
to the opinion.

The agreeing votes of both houfes were not by
any law or tenfoafonclufve to my judgment.

King Charles.

The laft dlftate of the underftanding is not
always abfolutc in itlclf, nor conclujive to the will,
yet it produces no antecedent nor external neccf-
fity, Bramhalfs Anjwer to Hohhcs.

They have fecret reafons for what they fecm to
do, which, whatever they are, they muft be equally
conclufive for us as they were for them, Rogers.

2, Regularly confequential. ._

Thofe that are not men ot art, not knowing
the true forms of fyllogifm, cannot know whether
they are made in right and conclujive modes and
figures. Ljcke.

CoNCLu'sivELY. adv. [from concluftve.']
Decifively ; with final determination.

This I fpcak only to dcfire Eupolis not to fpcak
peremptorily, axccnclujively, touching the point of
poflibillty, ■ till they have heard mc deduce the
means of the execution. Bacon.

CoNCHj'siVENfsj. /;. /. [from conclu-
fite.] Power of determining- the opi-
nion ; regular confequence.

Coo-

CON

Confideration of things to be known, 0/ thtlr
Ifeveral weights, cmclufivtncjtt or evidence,

HaWs Origin ef Mankind.

Ti Concoa'culate. T/. ij. [from f5« and
coagulate.^ To curdle or congeal one
thing with another.

The faline parts of thofe, upon their folution
by the rain, may work upon thofe other fub-
ftiaces, formerly nncsaguhitd v'ith them.

Boyle s Experiments.
Th»y do but cdagulate themfeives, without rou-
Ctiigulating with them any witer.

Boyh^t Hifory ef Firmneji.

Concoagula'tion. It./, [from, concoa-
gulati.} A coagulation by which dif-
ferent bodies are joined in one mafs.
To CONCO'CT. f . a. [concoquo, Latin.]
I. To digeft by the ftomach, fo as to turn
food to nutriment.

The working of purging medicines Cometh two
or three hours after the medicines taken ; for
that the ftomach firft maketh 1 proof, whether it
C2n cancel them. Baton.

Aflurcdly he was a man of a feeble ftomach,
unable to concscl any great fortune, profperous or
■dwrfe. Htyieard.

The vital funfiions are performed by general and
coaftant laws ; the food is conceded, the heart beats,
the blood circulates, the lungs play.

Cbeyr.c't Phikfofhical Principles.
The notions and fentiments of others judgment,
as well as of our own memor)', makes our pro-
perty : it does, as it were, concifl our intelleduai
food* and turns it into a part of ourfelves.

Wjfft In ibe MinJ.

t. To purify or fublirae by heat; to
heighten to perfection.

'ibe fmall clufc-lurking minifter of fate,
V/hofc high ctncoSed venom through the veins
A rapid lightning daru. Thon:fin't Summer.

3. To ripen.

The root which continueth ever in the earth, is
Aill concoiiid by the earth ; and fruits and grains
are half a year in ctncofJing, whereas leaves are out
and perfect in a month. ^ Bacon.

CoNco'cTiON. n./. [from concs^.] Di-
geftion in the llomach ; maturation by
heat ; the acceleration of any thing to-
wards purity and perfeilion.

This hard rolling is between coneoBion and a
Cmple maturation. Bacon's Natural Hifiory.

The conftantcd notion of comoBion is, that it
Oiould fignify the degrees of alteration of one body
into another, from crudity to pcrfcil conccBion,
which is the ultimity of that aSion or procefs.

Bacm'i Natural Hijliry.
' He, thotigh he knew not which foul fpake,

Becaufe both meant, bnth fpake the fame.
Might thence « new ciKcc{l:cn take.
And part far purer th.in he came. Donne.

Cosco'lour. adj. [ccncolor, Latin.] Of
one colour ; without variety.

In concohur animals, and fuch as are c«jifined
unto the fame cnl ;ur, we mcafure not their beauty
thereby ; for if a. crow or blackbird grow while,
we account it more pretty. Brown.

Conco'mitance. 7 «./ [from concomi-
C-'ONcoMiTANCv. J /or,Lat.] Subfiftence
together with mother thing.

The fecondary aclii^n fubfifteth not alone, but
in eoncoKUancy with the other j fo the n.)ftfil5 arc
•fefal for rcfpiratlon and fiuelling, but the prin-
eipalufr it fmelling. Brt-wn.

To ar5uc from a concotnitancy to a caufality,
is not infallibly conclufivc. Clanvillc'i Scifjis.

CONCO'MITANT.a^-. [««««;>fl„,,La-

tin.] Conjoined with ; concurrent with ;

coming and going with, as collateral,

not caufative or coiifcqueniial.

1 be fpirit tfiai furthenlh tbeexttniwn or dila-

CON

tat'on of bodies, and is ever ««««//«»/ with pora-
fity and drynefs. Baitn.

It has plealed our wife Creator to annex to fc-
ver.il ohjcfts, as alfo to feveral of our thoughts, a
concomitant pleafure ; and that in feveral objefts,
* to feveral degrees. Locke.

Conco'mitant. ft./. Companion; per-
fon or thing collaterally connefted.

Thefe eftedts are, from the local motion of the
air, a concomitant of the found, and not from the
found. Bacon.

Hemade him the chief cwicem/fj/ir of his heir ap-
parent and only fon, in a journey of much adven-
ture, ffilton.

In confumptions, the preternatural conconiitantSf
an univcrfal heat of the body, a torminous diarrhoea,
and hot diftilUticns, have all a corrofive quality.
Harvey en Conjumptioni.

The other concomitant of ingratitude is hard-
heartednefs, or want of companion. Soatb's Serm.

Horrour ftalks around.
Wild flaring, and his faJ concomitant
Defpiir, of abjeft look. Philips.

Reproach is a concomitant to greatnefs, as fatires
and inveftives were an eiTcntial part of a Roman
triumph. Addijon,

And for tobacco, who could bear it ?
Filthy concomitant of claret ! Prior,

Where antecedents, conccmitatits and confequents,
caufes and eifefts, figns and things fignlfied, fub-
jcfls and adjunOs, are neceflarily connefted with
each other, we may infer. fVatts.

Conco'mitantly. adit, [from concomi-
tattt.] In company with others. DiS.

TV Con'Co'mitate. 1/. a. [concomitatus,
Lat.] To be collaterally connedled with
any thing ; to come and go with an-
other.

This fimple bloody fpeftation of the lungs, is

differenced from that which ctncomitaies a pkurify.

Harvey on Conjumptions.

C0;NC0RD. ft./ [emcordia, Latin.]

I . Agreement between perfons'or things ;

fuitablenefs of one to another ; peace ;

union ; mutual kindnefs.

Had I power, I Hiould
Pour the fweet milk of concord into hell.
Uproar the univerfal peace. Shakefpeare's Machelh.
What r«n«r</hath Chrift with Belial ?

z Cor. vl, 15.
One fliall rife
Of proud ambitious heart, who not content
With fair equality, fraternal ftate.
Will arrogate dominion undefcrv'd
Over his brethren, and quite difpolTcfs
Concord and law of nature from the earth. Milton.

Unfafe within the wind
Of fuch commotion ; fucli «s, to fct forth
Great things by fmall, if, nature's roBreni broke,
Aming the conftellations war were fj rjng. Mi'ton.
Kind concord, heavenly bjrn ! who^e blifsful reign
Holds ihii vaft globe in one furrounding chain j
Soul of the world I Tickel,

z. A corapaft.

It appea/eth by the roiirtri/ made between Henry
and Roderick the Iriffi king. Daviet on Ireland.

3. Harmony; confent of founds.

The man who hath not mufick in himfelf.
Nor is not mov'd with concord of fweet founds.
Is fit for trcafons. Shakcfp, Merch. of Venice.

4. Principal grammatical relation of one
word to another, diftindl from regimen.

Have thofe who have writ about dccl-nfions,
concords, and fyntajes, loft their labour f Locke.

Conco'r dance. »./. [ccttcorciaitti{i,L&t.']

1, Agreement.

2. A book which fhews in how many texts
of fcripture any word occurs,

I Ihall take it for an opportunity to tell you, how
you are to rule the city out of a concordance,

Stuth'i Serment, Dtdicalhit.

CON

Some of you turn over a cottcordancc, and there,
having the principal word. Introduce as much of
the verfe as will fetve your turn. Stvifi.

An old concordance b..und long fince. S'wit't,

3. A concord in grammar ; one of tlie
three chief relations infpeech. It is not
now in ufe in this fenfe.

After the three concordance learned, let the
mafter read unto him the epiiiles of Cicero.

Afcham's Scboolmafter.
ConCo'rdant. ac^J. [concorJans, Latin.]
Agreeable ; agreeing ; correfpondent ;
harmonious.

Were every one employed in points coKy)rdant
to their natures, profeilioni, and arts, common-
wealths wools rife up of thcnilelves.

Bronvn's Vulgar Errours.

CoKCo'RDATE.«.y^ \_cortctirJat,¥t, concor-
datum, Lat.] A compadl ; a convention.

How comes he to number the want of fynods in
the Gailican churcj. among the grievances of tliat
concordatc, and as a mark of their flavery, fmce lift
reckons all convocations of the clergy in Eng;land
to be ufelefs and dangerous ? S-tviftm

Conco'rpor AL. adj. [ from concorpBro,
Latin, to incorporate.] Of the fame
body. Dia.

Ti Conco'rpor ATE. v. a. [from <-»'; and
corpus.'l To unite in one mafs or fub-
ftance.

When we coneorporate the fign with the fignifica-
tion, we conjoin the word with the fplrit.

Taylor's tfortlf Ccmrnvnicant.

To Conco'rpor ATE. -v. ft. [con and cor-
pus.] To unite into one body.

Thus we chaftife the god of wine
With water that is feminine.
Until the cooler nymph abate
His wrath, and fo noncorporate. Chave^and,

Concorpora'tion. n./ [fTOmcaticorpo-
ra/e.] Union in one mafs ; intimate
mixture. Di3.

Co'ncourse. »._/! [cmicur/us, Lutin-I

1. The confluence of many pcrfons or
things to one pl.ice.

Do ail the nightly guards,
The city's watches, with t'le people's fears.
The concourfe of all good men, ftrikc t lec nothing ?

B.n jfonj^n,.

The coalition of the good frame of the univerfi

was not the produ<fl of chance, or fjrtuitous con.

fo«r/t'of particles of matter. Hate'sOr'.g. of Munk,

Vain is his force, and vainer is his ikiil.
With fuch a concourje comes the flood of ill.

Drydens Fables.

2. The perfons aflembled.

The prince with wonder hears, from ev'ry part.
The noifc and bufy concourje of the mart.

DrydeiCs Virgil.

3. The point of junftion or interfeftion of
two bodies.

Sofoon as the upper ghfb is laid upon the lower,
fo as t J touch it at one end, and to touch the drc^p
at thejjthcr end, making with the lower glafs an ■
angle of about ten or fifteen minutes j tlic drop
wiU begin tj move towards the concourje of the
glaffes, and will continue to move with an accele-
rated motion, till it arrives at that concourje of the
glalTcs. NcMtn.

CoNCREM a'tion. ti, / [from concremo,
Lat. to burn together.] The aft of burn-
ing many things together. QiS.
Co'ncrement. n. /. [ from coticre/co,
Latin.] The mafs formed by concre-
tion ; a colleflion of matter growing to-
gether.

There is the cohefion of the matter into a more
loofe confiftency, like clay, and thereby it is pre-
pared to the ccncrctnent of a pebble or flint.

Jiale's Or'.g'tn of ManlirJ,
362 COMCRE SC£MCe«

CON

CoNCRt'scENCt'. ». /. [from tanert/c*,
L:\t.] The aft or quality of growing by
the union of feparatc particles.

Srcing it ib neither a fubitance jMrfeAi nor
ancho I'e, bow any other fukllance fhouid cbcnce
take cMcrtfcnce, hath not been l«ughc>

Raleigh's Hiftcy of the IVorlJ.

Tt, CONCRE'TE. -v. n. [concre/ro, Latin.]
to coalefce into one mafs ; to grow by
the union and coheilon of parts.

The mineral or metallick matter, thut ctmcrcting
with the cryftalline^ is equallj diffufed throughout
the body of it. H'codtvarJ.

When any faline liquor is evaporated to a cu-
ticle, and let cool, the fait ccncrtta in tegular
figures ; which argues that the particles of the fait,
before they conertteJ, floated in the liquor at equal
^ftances, in rank and file. Newicti.

The blood of fome who died of the plague could
not be made to ancrett, by le^fon of the putrefac-
tion begun, jtrhutbrut.

To Concre'te. v. a. To form by con-
cretion ; to form by the coalition of
fcattered particles.

That there are in our inferiour world divers
bodies, that are rmrrrKt/ out of others, is beyond
«U difputc; we fee it in the meteors.

HaWi Origin cf Mankind*

Co'ncretb. adj. [from the verb.]

1 . Formed by concretion ; formed by coa-
lition of feparate particles into one mafs.

The fkt^ aKcritc&Me, or coiififtent futface, of
the chaos, muft be of tlie fame figure as the laft
liquid ftats. Barnit.

2. [In logick.] Not abftraft : applied to a
fubjeft.

A kind of mutual commutation there i«, where-
by thofe fCBcr^ftf names, God and man, when wc
fpeak of ChriH, do take interchangeably one an-

, other's room ; fo tha:, for truth of fpeech, it
Ikilleth not whether we fay that the fon of God

" lath created the world, and tlic fon of man by hi:
death hath fived it ; or eife that the fon of- nian
did create, and the fon of Cod died to fave, the
world. Hooker.

C'iBcrtte terms, while they exptefs the quality,
do alfo either exprefs, or imply, or refer to fomc
fubjefl to which it belongs ; as white, round,
long, broad, wife, mortal, living, dead t butihcTe
are not always noun adjefiives in a grammatical
lenfe ; for a knave, a foo!, a philufopher, and
many other ccncrtte:, are fubftantives, as well aj
kn^ivery, folly, and philofophy, which are the ab-
ftra£t terms that belong to them. fVatti^t Lfgick.

Co'kcretf. n.f. A mafs formed by con-
cretion ; or, union of various parts ad-
hering to each other.

If gold iife!f be admitted, as it mull be, for a
porous nitcrtle, the proportion of void to body, in
the texture of common air, will be fo much the
greater. Bentley's Sermons.

Goncre'tely. ad'v. [from concrete.'] In
a manner including the fubjeft with the
predicate ; not abllraftly.

Sin, confidcrcd not abflracHily for the mere aft
of obliquity, but concr'eitly, vi\t\i fuch a fpecjal
dependance of it upon the will as ferves to render
the 3gent guilty. Ncrris.

Concre'tbness. n.f. [from concrete."]
Coagulation ; colledioa of fluids into a
iblid mafa. Dia.

Concre'tion. n./. [from concrete.]

I. The aft of concreting ; coalition.

3. The mafs formed by a coalition of fepa-
rate particles.

Some plants, upon the trII^of the fea, are fup-
pofcd to grow of fame euuretion of flisne from the
waxr, wbeit the ki fiixreth little.

S^ctn's natural Vifitry.

CON

Heiti In genenl, doth not refolvg ta<l attenu-
ate the juices of a human body \ for too great hea-.
will produce coHcrtlim, ^rhmhtiit ofjiJiments.

Co'^icmrivz. adj. [from concrete.] Hav-
ing the power to produce concretions ;
coagulative.

When wood and other bodies petrify, we do not
afcribe their induration to cold, but unto falinous
fpirit, or cmeretivi jaiia, Brovin's Fulg. Err.

Co N c R e't u R E . n. f. [ from concrete. ] A
mafs formed by coagulation.

Concu'binage. n.f. [concubinage, Fr.
concuiinatus, Lat.] The aft of living
with a woman not married.

Adultery was punifhed with death by the ancient
heatliens ; cmcuimage was permitted. Broome.

CO'NCUBINE. n.f. [concuhina, Lat.] A
woman kept in fornication ; a whore ; a
ftrumpet.

1 know I am too mean to be your queeni
And yet too good to be your coHcuhine,

Sbakeff tare's Henry VI.

When hit great friend »ras fuitor to him to
pardon an offender, he denied him : afterwards,
when a concubine of his made the fame fuit, he
granted it to her ; and faid. Such fuits were to be
granted to whores. Bacon.

He caufed him to paint one of his concubines,
Campafpe, who had the greatell fiiatc ia his aft'ee-
tion. Dryden.

Tile wife, though a bright goddefs, thus gives
place
To mortal coneubines of frerti embrace. Granville.

To CONCLTLCATE. f . a. [concuko, La-
tin.] To tread, or trample, under foot.

Did.

Conculca'tion, n.f. [conculcatio, Lat.]
Trampling with the feet. Did.

Co N c u'p 1 s c £ N c E . n. /. [cincupi/c/ntia,
Latin.] Irregular deiire ; libidinous
with ; luft ; lechery.

We know even fccrct cencufijcence to be fin ;
and are made fearful to ofi'end, though it be but
in a wandering cogitation. Hooker.

In our faces the evident figns
Of foul eoncHpiJcence ; whence evil (tore,
Ev'n fhame, the laft of evils. Milton's Par. Loft.
Nor can they fay, that the difference of climate
inclines one nation to concupifcence and fenfual
pleafures, another to blood-thirflinefs : it would
difcover great ignorance not to know, that a peo-
ple has been overrun with recently invented vice.
Bent ley's Sermons.
CONCUTISCENT. adj. [ concupifiens,
Latin.] Libidinous ; lecherous.

He would not, but by gift of my chaile body
To his concufijcent intemperate luft,
Releafe my brother ! Shakcjp. Meafure for MeaJ.

Concupisce'ntial. adj. [from concu-
pifcent.] Relating to concupifcence. DiS.

CoNctJPi'sciBLE. adj. \concupifcihilii,
Lat] Imprefling dcfire ; eager; defir-
ous ; inclining to the purfuit or attain-
ment of any thing.

The fcbools reduce all the pafTions to thefe two
heads, the concupijdbU and irafcibte appetite.

South' s Sermons.

To CONCU'R. V. n, [conciirro, Latin.]

1 . To meet in one point.

Though reafon favour them, yet fenfe can hard-
ly allow them ; and, to fatisfy, both thefe muft
concur. _ Temple.

2. To agree ; to join in one aftion, or opi-
nion.

A£ls which (hall be done by the greater part of
my executors, (hall be as valid and cffeiflual as if
all my executors bad concurred in the fame.

Sfeift'i Loft mil.

CON

3. It hat <it'/>.& before the perfon with whom
one agrees.

It is not evil fimply to cmcur viilb the heathens,
either in opinion oc adion ; and that conformity
with them it only then a difgrace, when wc fo low
them in that they do amifc, or generally in that
they do without reafon. Hooker,

4. It has to before the efFeft to which one
contributes.

Their aftcflions were known to concur If the mod
defperate counfels. Clarerdn,

Extremes in nature equal good produce,
Extremes in min concur 10 general ufe. Pope,

5. To be united with j to be conjoined.

To have an orthodox belief, and a true profef-
fion, concurring with a bad life, is only to deny
Chrift with a greater folemnity. Stulb,

Teftimony is the argument ; and,'if fair proba-
bilities of reafon concur with it, this argument hath
all the ftrength it can have. TiUotfon,

6. To contribute to one common event
with joint f)ower.

When oiitv.'ard caufes cincur, the idle are fooned
feiaed by this infeQion. Collier on the Spleen,

Concu'rrENCE. 1 r re t

Concu'rrency.}"-/- t'J"^'" ''"""'■I

1. Union; aflbciation ; conjunftion.

We have no other meafure but our own ideas,
with the concurrence of other probable reafons, to
pcrfuade us. Licke.

2. Agreement; aft of joining in any de-
fign, ormeafures.

'I'heh concurrence in perfuafion, about fome mea-

lerial points belonging to the fame polity, is not

flange. Hooker, Preface.

The concurrence of the peers in that fury, can be

imputed to the irreverence the judges were in.

Clarendon*
Tarquin the proud was expelled by an univerfal
concurrence of nobles and people.

S-uiift on tbe DiJ/ini. in Athens and Rome,

3. Combination of many agents or cir-
cumilances.

Struck with thefe great emcurrenus of things.

Craft>avJ,

He views our behaviour in every concurrence of
a(rairs, and fees us engage in all the pol5ibilitics of
a'^ivin. Addifm's SpeBator,

4. Affiftance ; help.

From thefe fublimc images we colleS the great-
nefs of the work, and tlie neceflity of the divine
concurrence to it. Rogers,

5. Joint right; equal claim.

A bi(ht>p might have officers, if there wasarsx-
currency of jurifdiftion between him and the ar.:h.
deacon. Ayliffe,

Concu'rrent. adj. [from concur.]

1. Afting in conjunftion; agreeing in the
fame aft ; contributing to the fame
event ; concomitant in agency.

I join with thefe laws the pcrfonal prefence of
tlie king's fon, as a concurrent caufe of this refor-
■ mation. Davies on Ireland.

For, without the concurrnt confent of all thefe
three parts of the legillature, no fuch law is or can
be made. Hale,

This fole vital faculty is not fu(ficient to exter-
minate noxious humours to the periphery, unlefs
the animal faculty be concurrent with it, to fupply
the nbres with animal fpirits. Harvey,

All combin'd
Your beauty, and my impotence of mind y
And his concurrent flame, that blew my (ire j
For (till our kindred fouls had one defire.

Bryden's Fables,

2. Conjoined ; aflbcinte ; concomitant.

There is no diHcrencc between the concurrent
echo and the iterant, but the quicknefs or flownefs
of the return. Bacon,

Concu'rrent. »./. [from>»wf»r.] That
which concurs ; a contribntory caufe.

T»

e o N

Tb til iffslrJ of imporijnce there are thnt'iie.
Ceffary concurriuti, without which they can never
'be difpatchedj titne, induftry, and faculties.

Dtcay nf Piety.

CONCLTSSION. »./. Icomujfto, Lat.]
I. The aft ollhaJuag; agitation; treme-
fa£lion.

It is believed that gr;at ringing of bells, in po-
I'ulous citiee, hath dufipauid pcftilentairj whiih
may be from the cnr:cu£im of the air.

Baun'i Natural Hijiiry.
The llrong ccmujpon on the heaving tide
Roll'd back the vcilil to the ifland's lidc.

Poft'i Oi-ijfiy.

2. The ftate of being fliaken.

There want not inftances of fuch an univerfa!
cmctijfmn of the whole globe, as mult needs implv
an agitation of the whole abyfs.

^ H'tKil-uard'i Natural H'fiiry.

CoNCU ssivE. adj. [ccncujiis, Lat.] Hav-
ing the power or quality of (haicing.
To CONDE'MN. 'v.a. [cDndemno, Latin.]

1. To find guilty; to doom to punilh-
mer.t : contrary to ab/ol-ve.

My confcience hath a thoufand feveral tongues.
And ev'ry tongue b.-ings ia a fev'ral tale,
And ev'ry taje avdimm me fur a villain.

Slattffcare'i RkLard III.
Is be fund guilty ?
——Yes, truly, is he, and ccr.dtmn'd upofl 't.

Stakejfearei Henry VIII,

Confitiered as a judge, it ctttdrmm where it ought

to abfolv;, and prcnounces ablolution where it

ought to t:„dar.„. Fiddei'i Sermcri.

2. Jt has fo before the punifhrnent.

The fon of .-nzn (hall be betrayed unto the
fcribes, and they /hall ccrdemti him to death.

Mjtt. XX. i%.

3. To cenfure ; to blame ; to declare cri-
miiud : contrary to apprirje.

Who then fliali biame
His pefter'd fenfes to recoil and dart.
When all that is within him does ccndmn
Itfelf for being there > Shakeffeare's Macketb.

The poet, who flour-Died in inc fcene, U cen-
demmd in the ruelle. Drydeti-! JErteid, Preface.
_ He who was fo unjuft as to do his brother an
injury, wiU fcarce be lo jufl as to csudimn himfelf
""■ ''• Lt^ie.

They who approve my condud in this particular,
are much more numerous than thofe who condemn
"• HfxaaHr.

4. To fine.

And the king of Egypt put him down at Jeru-
lalem, and cmdemncd tl.o land in an hundred ta-
lents of filver, zUrtmiele,.

5. To flicw guilt by contrail.

The righteous tliat is dead lha:i ccndemn the un-
godly which arc living. fy,/Jim, W. ,6.
Co K D E M N A B L E . Oi/J. [from coudfma.]
Blameable; culpable.

_ He commands to ccface the print of a cauldron
in aflics i which ftriSly to obferve, were condemn-
able fuperftition. Brtmn.

Cowdemna'tion. n./. [co/iJemna/ic. La-
tin.] The fentence by which any one is
doomed to punilhment ; the adt of con-
demning ; the ftate of being condemned.
There is therefore now no andcmnatkn to them.

C, Rnr.cni, viii.

^^V' "''*'^°''Y- "'O- Urom condemn.]
Pafling a fentence of condemnation, or
of cenfure.

• ^l '''u' '"'''' '*" *'* "^'"•"•l^y fentence,
IS like the incendiary in a popuiar tumult, who
u chargeable with all thofe difordcr. to which he
gave r.te. ■ Ctrvernmcnt of the ronrue.

CONDE MNER. n. f. [from condemn.] K
blamer ; a cenfurer ; a cenfor.

Some few are the only refuiers and ccndemner, of
this cithohtlc praflice. Tayl^; Wttihj Cmmun.

CON

CONDS NSABts. aJj. [from conJcn/attt.]
That wiiich is capable of condeniatten ;
that which can be drawn or compreffed
into a narrower compafs.

This agent meets with n'filtauce in the move,
able; and no: being in the utmoft extremity of
denfit;., but «ii^;r/a«, 5'er further, every rtTillance

. works fomething upon the mover to condenfe it.

_- -, ' , ' ' ^'th on the Soul.

Vo^CoNDE -MSATE. t'. a. [ccnJenfo, Latin.]
To condenfe ; to make thicker.

ToCondb'nsate. v.n. To grow thicker.

Conde'nsate. «//>-. [condenjatiii, Latin.]
Made thick; condenfedj comprefledin-
to lefs fpace.

Water by nature is white ; yea, thickened or
ccndcnpte, moft white, as i: appeareth by thi hail
^"'''^''»'- , Peacham.

(-0 N D E N s A T 1 o N . a. /. [from condenfate. ]
The aft of thickening any body, or
making it more grofs and weighty : op.
pofite to varefaawn.

It by natural arguments it may be proved, that
water, by ■ condcnfatkn, may become earth: the
fame reaton teacheth, that earth, rarefied, m.w
become water. Ra/ei^h't nijlorj.

tSy water-glallcs the account was not regula'r:
ior, from attenuation- and cMden/.ition, the hours
were Iharler in hot weather than in cold.

-. , , ,. _Srm.„'sru/garErroi,rs.

I he lupply of Its moifture is by rains and fnow,
ana dews and condenfathn of vapours, and perhaps
by futterrani-ous pa/Tages. p, .,/ „

7i CONDE'NSE. ^.a. [conJayh. Latin:N'
I o make any body more thick, clofe,
and weighty ; to drive or attraft the
parts of any body nearer to each other ;
to infpiflate : oppofed to rarefy.

Moving in lo high a fphere, he mufi needs, as
the fun, raifc many enviuus exhalations; whicli,
condenfed by a popular odium, were capable to
cloud the bnghteft merit. KhgCharkt.

Some lead their youth abroad, while fome con-
denfe
Their liquid flore, and fome in cells difpenfe.

Such denfe and folid ftrata arreft The'va'pou^'a^
the fu.face of the eartli, and coUeft and conderfe it
there. tx/- j ■ ,

/V CoNDE NSE. rv. n. To grow clofe and
weighty ; to withdraw its parts into a
narrow compafs.

The water tailing from the upper parts of the
cave, docs prefently there condenfe mto little ftones.
.„ , , BoyliiScfpt.Chym.

All vapours, when they begin to condenfe and
coalefce into fmall parcels, become firft of that
bignefs whereby aauie muft be refleftcd, before
they can conftitutt other colours. Newton' i QptUkt.

CoNDE NSE.a^. [from the verb.] Thick;
denfe; condenfated ; clofe; mafly •
weighty. '

They colour, fliape, and fize
AlTume, as likes them bed, condenfe or rare. Mdt.
I hey might be feparated without confociating
lato the huge condenfe bodies of planets.
o t . .. S'ntlty't Sermonl.

Condenser.*./ [from condenfe.] A
ftrong metalline veffel, wherein to crowd
the air, by means of a fyringe faftened

CoNDE NSITY. n.f [from condenfe.] The
flate of being condenfed ; condenfation ;
denfenefs; denfity.
Co'nders. n.f. [conduire, French.]

Such as (land upon high places near the fea
coaft, at the t.me of herring fi(hing, to make (igns
to the (i(hers which way the (hole pafleth, which
may bttter appear to fuch u lUnd upon fome high

CON.

clifl,,ty a kind of blue colour that the firft-caufeth
in the water, than to thofe in the (hips. Thcfe be
likewile called huen, by likelihood of the French
hiiycr, exclamare, and balkers. r-7/..7/

r. CONDESCE'ND. -v. n. .[condefccJe',
It. irom coudefendo, LatJrt.J

1. To depart from the.priv'ilt-ges of fupe-
nonty by a voluntary fubmiflion ; to
link willingly to equal terms with infe-
riours ; to footh by familiarity.

This method carries av.-j-y humble and «rrf,.
fcndmg air, when he that ioftrufls feeras to be the
enquirer, „,

. 'T' r t fralts,

2. To confent to do more than mere juftice
can require.

_ Spain's mighty monarch.

In gracious clemency does eondefcend,
On thefe conditions, to become your uiend.

H»4-j . ■ •, ■ ^0''-'"''!l''dianEmfert»:
He did not primarily intend to appoint this way ;

but condffcended to it, as accommodate to their pre!

lent ftnte. „-.„ V

. T" /I < . Tillotfon.

3. To Hoop ; to bend ; to yield ; to fub-
mit ; to become fubjeft. *

Can they think me fo broken, fo debas'd.
With corporal fervitude, that my mind ever
WiU condejcend to fuch abfuij commands? MVton.

. "or ftall my relblution
Uifarm itfelf. nor condtfcend to oarlv
With foolirh hopes. clnhant's Sothy.

"iT " ^ = " ,>! ° ^ N c E . n.f [condefcendance.
l-rench.] Voluntary fubmiffion to a ftate
ot equality with inferiours.
Condesce'ndingly. ad'zj. [from eonde.
Jcendwg.] By way of voluntary humilia-
tion ; by way of kind conceffion.

_ We condejcendingly made Luthe. 's works umpires
in the controverfy. ^tterhury.

Condesce nsion. n.f [from condefcendS
Voluntary humiliation ; defcent from fu-
penority ; voluntary fubmiffion to equa-
lity with inferiours.

It forbids pride, and ambition, and vain glory ;
and commands humility, and modefty, and «,i.!
>.>« to other,. ^-11^^^^^

Courtefy and condfcenfon is an happy quality,
which never fails to make its way into the good
opinion, and into the very heart ; and allays the
envy which always attends a high (lation.

_ Raphael, amidft his tendernefs, (hews fuch a dic-
mty and ccndefcenjion in all his behaviour, as are
fuiti.ble to a^fuper.our nature. ^j^;fi„_

Condesce NsivE. <?«>■. [From condefcend.l
Courteous ; willing to treat with infe-
riours on equal terms : not haughty :
not arrogant. ° ^

"^^wZ^^- '"'>,[-«'^>«. Latin.]
Worthy of a perfon ; fuitable ; deferv-
ed ; merited : it is always ufed of fonj«.
tiling deferved by crimes.

Unlefs it were a bloody murtherer,
I never gave them condign punilhment.

„_-. , . . ^ _Shatefpeare's Henn VJ.
Confider who is your friend, he that would have
brought him to condign punilhment, or he that
has faved him. ^ i, .j

/~i„ / , , , ylrl>ui/njr.

CONDI ON NESS, n.f [from condign.] Suit-
ablenefs ; agreeablenefs to deferts, Di,3.
Condi ONLY. ad-v. [from condign.] De-
iervedly ; according to merit. Dia
Co NDiMENT. n.f [condimenlum. Latin.]
i>eafoning ; fauce j that which excites
the appetite by a pungent tafte.

As for radilh and the like, they are for condi.
tnenls, and not for nouridimcnt. Baron't Nat, Hi/l

Many things are fwallowed by animals rather for
condiment, guft, or medicament, than any fubllan.
t.al nuttuneou " g,^^

CoNOIJCl'ptl,

CON

CoKDisci'piE. «./. [condifeifidus, Lat.]

A fchoolfellow.
To eO'NDITE. V. a. [coHdio, Lat.] To
pickle ; to prcferve by falls or aroma-
tirks.

Much aOer the fame manner as the Tugar dotli,
in the miJHiiig of pears, quinces, and the like.

Grnv^s Muftevm.
The moft innocent of them are but like ««-
Jiied or pickled niulhrooms, which, carefully cor-
reded, may be harmlefs, but can ncvc-r do good.

Taylor t Rule cf Living He!y.

Co'nditembnt. «./ [{torn conJite.'] A
compofition of conferves, powders, and
fpiccs, in the form of an eleftuary. Diil.

CONDI'TION. H.f. [ctrKlition, ft. condi-
tio, Lat.]

1. Quality ; that by which any thing is
, denominated good or bad.

A rage, whofc heat hath this ftitrfi/ion,
That nothing can allay, nothing but blood.

Shakefi^:are^i King ^oim,

t. Attribute ; accident ; property.

The king is but a man : the violet fmclU, the
element Ihews, to him ai to me : all his fenfes ha%e
but human csndxti^vu Stakcjhejrc.

It feemed to us a ccnSium and property of Divine
Powers and Beings, to be hidden and unfeen to
others. _ Bacm.

They will be able to conferve their properties
unchanged in pafling through fcveral mediums ;
which is another cmjium of the rays of light.

Kc^vtm^s Of>tich*

3. Natural quality of the mind ; temper ;
temperament ; complexion.

The child taketh moll of his nature of the
niother, bcftdes ipeech, manners, and inclinatior,
which are agreeable to the cenJitient of their mo-
thers. Spfnfcr on Jnland.

The bcft and fiundeft of his time hath been but
rafli 1 now mud we luok, from his age, to recei\e
not alone tlie imperfeflions of long engrafted ccn-
diticni, but the unruly waywardncfs tliat infirm and
chnlcrick years being with them. Skakifj-carc.

4. Moral quality ; virtue or vice.

- Jupiter is hot and moift, temperate, modeft,
hone!), adventurous, liberal, merciful, loving, and
faithful ; that is, giving thefe inclinations : and
therefore thofe ancient kings, beautified with thefe
tmJitimi, might be called thereafter Jupiter.

Kaleigh's HiJIory of the H^crU.

Socrates efpoufed Xantippe only for her extreme

ill cmjiti'-'ni, above all ci that fex. South*

5. State; external circumftances.

To us all,
That fee! the bruifes of the days before.
And fufl'er the ctoditicn of thefe times
To lay an heavy and unequal hand
Vpon our humour*. Shakefpeare't Hfnry IV,

It was nut agreeable unto the cordiritn of Para-
dife, and ftate of innocence. Brxvnt l^ufg. Err.

EDimatc the greatnefs of this mercy by S<e ccn-
ditwn it finds the fmncr in, when C«d vouchfafes
it to them. Scuib's Sirmans.

Did we perfeflly know the ftatc of our own rcn-
dii'w, and what was moft proper for us, we might
have rcafoo to conclude our prayers not heard, if
not anfwered. IVaic'i Prtfaralim.

This is'a principle adapted to every panion and
faculty of our nature, to every ftate and ccnditicn
01 our life. Rogers,

Some defponding people take the kingdom to be
ill no ciruUiifiti of encouraging fo numerous a breed
of beggars. Sivi/i-

CcnJiiKit, circumftance, is not the thing ;
Blifs is the fame in fubje^ as in king.

Pcft'i Sjf'y on Man.

6. Rank.

I am, in my enditim,
A prince, Miranda. Sbahfp. Tcmp'ji.

The king himfelf met with many entertain-
CMcts, at the charjjc of particular men, which had

CON

been rarely praflifed till then by the petfoni of the
beft candilKM. Otrmdnr.

7. Stipulation ; terms of coropaft.

Cittditibu !
What tendlfam can a treaty find
1' th' part that is at mercy ? Stitkeff. Coriilanui.

\ yield upon ccnditicrti*^V/t give none
To traitors t ftrike him down. B. Jtnfon't Catilinr.

He could not defend it above ten days, and muft
then fubmit to the woift ct>r.diu<,ti! the rebels were
like to grant to bis perfon, and to bis religion.

ClarcnJ^in.

Many are apt to believe remifliin of fins, but
they beliew it without the c.udilion of repentance.

Tayhr.

Thofe barb'rous pirates willingly receive
Cxidiiicn:, fuch as we are pleas "d to give, ff^jfkr.

Make our ccnJiiims with yon capti»t king.—
Secure me but my folitary cell;
'Tis all 1 alk him. Dry,W< Den Sehjllin.

8. The writing in wliich the terms of agree-
ment are comprifed ; compaft ; bond.

Go with me to 3 notary, feal me there
Your fingic bond ; and in a merry fport.
If you repay me not on fuch a day.
In fuch a place, fuch funi or fums as are
Exprcfs'd in the condiliiit, let the forfeit
Be nominated. Stakeffeare's Merchant of Vctiict.

To Condi'tion. t/. «. [from the ngun.]
To make terms ; to ftipulate.

It was conditioned between Saturn and Titan, that
Saturn Ihould put to death all his male children.

Raleigh's HiJIiry.
Small towns, which ftand Aijf till great (hot
Enforce them, by war's law condition not, Donne.
*Tis one thing, I muft confcfs, to condition for a
good office, and another thing to do it gratis.

L'Ejlrargr.

Condi'tionai.. adj. [from conditioti.]

1. By way of ftipulation ; not abfolute ;
made with limitations ; granted on par-
ticular terms.

For the ul'e we have his exprefs commandment,
for the cffc& h\^ conditional promife j fo thar, with-
out obedience to the one, there is of the other no
aHurance. lloolfer

Many fcriptures, tliough as to their formal terms
they are abfOlute, yet as to their fcnfe they are con-
ditional. South,

This drift neceflity they fimple call ;
Another fort there is conditicnal. Drydens Fahhs,

2. [In grammar and logick.] Expreffing
fome condition or fuppofition.

CoNDi'riONAL.n./ [from the adjcflive.]
A limitation. A word not now in ufe.

He faid, if he were fure that young man -were
king Edward's fon, he would never bear arms againli
him. This cafe fecms hard, botjj in refpefl of the
conditional, and in relpefl of the other w.irds.

Bacon's Henry VII.

Condition a'lity. n. /. [from condi-
tional.] The quality of being condi-
tional ; limitation by certain terms.

And as this clear propofal of the proniifcs may
infpirit our endeavours, fj is the conditionality moft
efficacious to neceffitate and engage them.

Decay of Piety.

Condi'tion ALLY. czdv. [from condi-
tional.] With certain limitations ; on
particular terms ; on certain ftipulations.

I here entail
The crown to thee, and to thine heirs for ever;
C^rditicnallyj that here thou take an oath
To ceafe this civil war. Shakeff>eare's Henry VI.

A falfe apprehenfion underftands that pofitively,
which was b«t cenditiotially ezprefled.

Broivni Vulgar Errturt.

We fee Urge preferments tendered to him, hut
conditionally , upon his doing wicked nffic:s ; ci>o-
fcience (hall here, accordiajj to its office, interpofc
and proteft. Smth.

C O H

CoNDi'riovARY. adj, [from nndiiivi.J
Stipulated.

Would Cod in mercy difpcnfe with it as a eoa-
diticnary, yet we could not be happy without it, 11
a natural qualification for heaven. Norrli,

Te Condi'tionate. v, a. [from condi-
tion.] To qualify ; to regulate.

That ivy arifeth but where it may be fupported^
we cannot afcribe the fame unto any fcicnce there*
in, wluch fufpends and condiiimalii its eruption.

Brtnim'i Vulgar Errourt,

Condi'tionate. adj. [from the verb.]
EAabli(hed on certain terras or condi-
tions.

That which is miHaken to be particular and
abfolute, duly underftood, is general, but eondi-
lionate ; and belongs to none who Hull not perform
the condicicji. Hammond,

Condi'tion ED. adj. [from (ondition.]
Having qualities or properties good or
bad.

The deareft friend to me, the Kindelt man,
The beft conditicn'd, Shakeff. Merch. of Venice.

To CONDO'LE. f . n. [condotto, Lat.l
To lament with thofe that are in mil-
fortune ; to exprefs concern for the mi-
ferics of others. It has luith before the
psrfon fjr whofe misfortune we profefs
grief. It is oppofed to congratulate.

Your friends would have caufe to rejoice, rather
than condole tvitb you. Tcntpie,

I congratulate with the beafts upon this honour
done to their king; and mud condile ■with us poor
mortals, who are rendered incapable of paying
our refpefts. Addifoit,

To Con do'le. i;. a. To bewail with an-
other.

I come not, Sampfon, to condole thy chance.
As thefe perhaps ; yet wilh it had not been,
Though tor no friendly intent. Milton s jigonifits.
Why (hould our poet petition Ifis for her fafe
delivery, and afterwards Cjnd-.li her mifcarriage }

Dryden.
Con do'le ME NT. ». /. [from condole,]
Grief; forrow; mourning.

To perfevcre
In obftinate andolement, is a courfe
Of impious ftubbornefs, unmanly grief.

Shakeff earc' s Hamlet.

Condo'lencb. n./. \condolance, Fr.] The

cxpreflion of grief for the forrows of

another ; the civilities and meflages of

friends upon any lofs or misfortune.

The reader will eicufc this digrefTion, due by
way of condolence to my worthy brethren. Arhuth.

Condo'ler. n. f. [from condole.] One
that joins in lamentation for the misfor-
tunes of another.

Condon a'tion. n. f. [condonatio, Lat.]
A pardoning ; a forgiving. Z);V7.

To CONDU'CE. v. n. {conduco, Lat.] To
promote an end ; to contribute ; to ferve
to fome purpofe : followed by to.

The boring of holes in that kind of wood, and
then laying it abroad, feemcth to nnduce to make
it ihine. Bacon.

The means and preparations that may conduce
unto the entcrpriee. Bacon's Holy IVar.

Every man does love or hate things, according
as he apprehends them to conduct to this end, or to
contradifl it. Tilht/en,

They may conduce to farther difcoveries for com-
pleting the theory of light. Nrtvton,

To CoNDu'cE. t'. a. To conduft ; to
accompany, in order to fhew the way.
In this fenfe I have only found it in the
following pafi'age.

He «us fent tc ar.duce hither the princcfs Hen-
rietta Maria, fVctien,

CONI)v'-«

CON

CoNDu'ciBLE. adj. [ccnJueiiilis, Latin.]
Having the power of conducing ; hav-
ing a tendency to promote or forward :
with to.

To both, the medium which is molt propitious
and CQ^ducihlej is air. Bacon^i Natural Hijiiry,
Tnol*e motions of generations and corruptions,
and of the conducibhs tbereurttst are wifeiy and ad-
mirably ordered and contemporaCed by the re£lor
of all things. Bdlr.

None of thcfe magnctlcal experiments are fuffi-
cicnt for a perpetual motion, though thofe kind of
qualities feem moA carduahl! uxta it.

mk'mt't Ma'h^niatical Magi:k.
Our Saviour hath enjoined us a rcafonable I'er-
»ice: all his U\»s are in iiKmic\\ei cmducibli to
the temporal iaterell of them that obfervc them.

■Bmtley.
COKDU'CIBLENESS. n. /. [flOm COxduci-

ilf.] Thequ.ility of contributing to any
end. Did.

CoNDu'ciVE. adj. [ftom (onduce.'\ That
which may contribute ; having the power

. of forwarding or promoting: with/s.

An a^ion, however conducive to the good of
our country, will be reprefented as prejudicial to
*t» Addifon^s Freebuldir.

Thofe proportions of the good t!)ings of this life,
which are moft confident with the inteteili of the
Ibul, are alio moft ccndmcrae to ourprefest felicity.

Rcgert.

Con Di;'ciVE NESS. »./ [fTomcntdiici've.]
The quality of conducing.

I mention fomc examples of the anducivenrfs of
th;; fmallncfs of a body's parts to its fluidity. Bsy/t.

CO'NDUCT. ». / [conduit, Fr. «« and
JuSuj, Lit.]

1. Management; economy.

_ Young men, in the ccaduH and manage of ac-
tions, embrace more than they can hold, ilir more
than they can quiet, and fly to the end without
eonfideration of the means. Baccn,

How void «f reafon are our hopes and fears !
What in the conduB of our life appears
So well defign'd, fo lucidly begun.
But when we have our wiA, we wi/h undone ?

. _ Dryderi'i Juvtval.

2. The aft of leading troops ; the duty of
a general.

C(.nduf} of armies is a prince's ait. IKi/ier.

3. Convoy; efcorte; guard.

His majefty,
Tend'ring ray perfon's fafety, hath appointed
This condulf to convey me to the Tower.

i;balijfiarc'i RictjrJ lU.

I was afhamed to a/k the king footmen and

horfemen, and cendu{I for fafeguard againft cut

adverfaries. _ i E/drai.

4. The afl of convoying or guarding.

Some three or four of you,
Co, give him courtecoi cotidiill to this place.

Sbakejpeate.

5. A warrant by which a convoy is ap-
pointed, or fafety is affured.

6. Exaft behaviour ; regular life.

Though all regard lor reputation is not quite
laid aCde, it is fo iow, that very few think virtue
and cinduSi of abfolnte cectflity for preferring it.

To CoKDv CT. v. a. [conduire, French.]

1. To lead; to di reft; to accompany, in
order to ihew tJie way.

I (hall llralt ccnduil you to a hill fide, where J
will point you out the right path.

. Mi/tcn cit Educathn.

O may thy pow'r, propitious ftiU to me,
Cndufl my fteps to find the fatal tree.
In this deep fortift ! Drydrnt jp.mid.

2. To ulher, and to attend in civility.

Fray receive them nobly, and cndja them
XAt* our prefeacn Sbjitfffrt'i lUnrj VIII.

CON

Afcanius bids them be cendudid in,

Dtjdcn't Mnt\d.

3. To manage ; as, to conduft a;t affair.

4. To head an army ; to lead and order
troops.

CoNDucTi'Tiot;s. adj. [conduailius , La-
tin.] Hired; employed for wages.

The perfons were neither titularies nor perpetual
curates, butintirely«»</(irt;.';Mj, and removable at
Plesfu'c- Jiyl'ffi.

CoNou'cTOR. n.f. [from cendua.]

1. A leader; one who ihews another thei
way by accompanying him.

Shame of change, and tear of future ill j
And zeal, the blind anduaar of the will. Dryden.

2. A chiefs a general.

Who is unduflcr of his people ?—
As 'tis faid, the bafta. J fon of Glo'fter.

SbaieJ'^earts King Ltar.

3. A manager ; a direilor.

If he did not intiiely ptojift the union anil
regency, none will deny him to have been the chict
condulicr in both. A-tdifov.

4. An inftrument to put up into the blad-
der, to direft the knitie in cutting for
the ftone. ^Incy.

CONDU'CTRESS. n.f. [ftom coiiduil.] A

woman that diredls ; direftrefs.
Co'nduit. n.f. [conduit, French.]

1. A canal of pipes for the conveyance of
waters ; an aqueduft.

Water, in conduit pipes, can rife no higher
Than the well h«aJ from whence it fiilt doth
fprinS' Vavics.

Ths face of mine is hid
In fap confuming winter's drizzled fnow.
And all the conduits of mj blood froze up. Sbai.
1 God is the fountain of honour; and the con-

duit, by which he conveys it to the fons of men,
are virtuous and generous practices. South.

Thefe organs are the nerves which are the con-
diiits to convey them from without to their au.
dience in the brain. Lode.

Wife nature likcwife, they fuppofe.
Has diawri two conduits down our nofe. Prior.

2. The pipe or cocic at which water is
drawn.

I charge and command, that the conduit run
nothing tjut claret wine. SbakeJ'f care's henry VI.

Co K D u p L I c a't I O N , ». /. [cotiduplicatio,
Latin.] A doubling ; a duplicate.

Cone. n.f. [»ii©.. Ta Kitja fiio-n xtV.A©-
W'i. Jrijioiie.] A folid body, of which
the bale is a circle, and which ends
in a point.

Co'ney. See Conv.

To CONFA'UULAT E. 1: n. {confahch,
Lat.] To talk eafily or carelefsly toge-
ther ; to chat ; to prattle.

Conpabi/La'tion. n. y; [confabulatic,
Lat.] Eafy convtrfation ; cheerful and
carclefs talk.

Confa'bula'tory. adj. [from confabu-
late.] Belonging to talk or prattle.

Confarrea'tiok. n. /. {confarrec.lio,
Lat. from/rtr, corn.] The folemniza-
tion of marriage by eating bread toge-
ther.

By tie ancient laws of RoiBulnS, the wife was
by corfirrcaiion joined to the hulband. •'

_ AyMc'.sParcrn^n.

To CO'NFECT. -v. a. [<-o«/.//*/,' Latin.]
To make up into fweetmtats ; to pre-
ferve with fogar. it feemi'riow corrupted
vMa comfit , ,j

Co'npect. n.f. [from the veib.} j^
lweetme»t. .; tlu •,; ,\ .-, ,

I

CON

At fuppcr eat a pippin roaOcJ, and fweetened
wit}i fugar of rofes and carraway confc&s.

' Harvey on Confumptiont.

Cokfe'ction. n.f. {confcltio, Latin.]

1. A preparation of fruit, or juice of fruit,
with fugar ; a Aveetmeat.

Hafl thou not learn'd me to preferve .' yea fo,
That our great king himfelf doth woo me oft
For my confeSlions ? . Sbakefpcare' s Cymbeline.

They have in Turky and the Ball certain con-
feBicr.s, which they call (crvets, which are like to
candied confcrves, and are made of fugar and le-
"""■'•s. Bacon's Natural Hijlory.

He faw him devour fi(h and flcfh, fwallow wines
and fpices, ccnfe&ions and fruits of numherleft
fweets and flavours. Addijon.

2. An aflemblageof different ingredients;
a compofition ; a mixture.

Of beft things then, what world fliajl yield «»-

. fcaion

To liken her ? Sbakefpcare.

There will be a new confi-{Iion of mould, which

perhap^ will alter the feed. Bacon's Nat. Hijl.

Confe'ctionary. n.f. [fromfc«/i<f?/o«.]

One whofe trade is to make fweetmeats.

Myfclf,
Who had the world as my confedinnitry.
The mouths, the tongues, the eyes, the hearts of

men
At duty, more than I could frame employments.

Sbakejfeare.
Confb'ctioner. n.f. [irom confeaion.]
One whofe trade is to make confeiSiottS
or fweetmeats.

Nature's eonfiHioner, the bee.
Whole fuckers are moid alchimy.
The Hill of his refining mold
Minting the garden into gold. CleaveUnd.
Confaionert make much ufe of whites of eggs.

Boyle.

Confe'der Acy. n.f. [confederation. Ft.

faedus, Latin.] A league ; a contraft by

which feveral perfons or bodies of mea

engage to fupport each other ; union ;

■ engagement ; federal compafl.

What confederacy ha-ve you with the traitors ?

SbakefpcLtre's King l^ear.

Judas fent them to 3(ome, to make a league of

amity and corfedcracy with them, i Afa«. viii. 17.

Virgil has a whole confederacy againft him, and

I muft endeavour to defend him. Brydtn.

The (riendlhips of the world are oft
Confederacies in vice, or leagues of pleafure. /Iddifon.
An avaricious man in office is in confederacy
with the whole riau of his diflrift, or depend-
ance; which, in modern tfrms of art, is called
to live and lot live. Sivift.

To CONFE'DERATE. -v. a. [confederer.
French.] To join in a league ; to unite j
to ally.
They were cunftdcrated with Charles's enemy.

KrMles.
With thcfe the Piercies them confederate,
And as three heads conjoin in one intent. Daniel.

To Confede'rate. 1;. n. To league ; ta
unite in a league.

By words men come to know one another's
minds ; by th^fc they covenant and confederate.

South.

It IS a confederating with him to whom the U-
crifice is offered. Alicrbury.

Confe'derate. adj. [from the verb.}
United in league. ' "

For they have cnnfulted tr-gethrr with one con-
lent ! they arc confederate againft thee.

Pfalm Ixxxiii. 5.
All the fwords
In Italy, and her confederate arms.
Could not have made this peace. Sbak. Corhlarut.
While the mind of m,m looketh upon fecond
caufrt fcatlered, it m.iy f imetimes reft in then,
and go no fattiierj bat when it bcholdeth the

chuio

CON

ehiln «f tliem nnftStrme and linked togellier, it
mull need fly to providence and deity. Baior,

Oh race ienftd'rali into ciimes, that prove
Triumphant o'er th' eluded rage of Jove !

Poft'i Statiui.
In a ccnftdtrau %var, it ought to be confidered
which party bai the deepeft fliare in the <juarrel.

Stv'ift,

CowrE'DBRATB. n. f. [from the verb.]
One who engages to fupport another;
an ally.

SirEdmond Courtney, and the haughty prelate,
With many more confcdcrata, are in arms.

Sbaktffiart's Richard III.
We ftitl have frefli recruitj in (lore,
If our confederala can afford us more.

Drydcn't Mm:i.
Co N F E D E R a't 1 0 N . n. f. [confederation,
French.] League; compaft of mutual
fupport ; alliance.

The three princes enter into fome ftrlQ league
and trnfida-atKB amongft themfelvcs.

■' Bacons Hmry VIl.

Nor can thofe covfederatlmi or defigns be durable,
wlieii fubjefts make bankruprof their allegiance.

KingCharics*'
y» CONFE'R- v. n. [confero, Lat. con-
ferer, French.] To difcoiirfe with ano-
'ther upon a Hated fubjeft ; to ventil.ite
any queftion by oral difcuffion ; to con-
verfe folemnly ; to talk gravely toge-
ther ; to compare fentiments.

You will hear us lonfir cf this, and by an auri-
cular affutanee have your fatisfaftion.

Sbikiffiarc 1 King Lear.
Reading makes a full man, conference a ready
man, and writing an exafl man ; and therefore, if
a man write little, he had need have a great me-
mory ; if he ccnfcr little, he had need have a pre-
■ fent wit j and, i/ he read little, he had need have
much cunnin^g, to feem to know that be doth not.

Bacon.
When they had commanded them to go afide out
, cf the council, they conferred among themfelves.

y*3j, iv. 15.
He was thought to eimfer with the Lord Cole-
j)eper upon the fubjeft ; but had fome particular
thoughts, upon whifh he then conferred with no-
body. Clarendon.

The Chriftian princefs in her tent confen
With fifty of your Icarn'd phllofophers ;
Whom with fuch eloquence (he does perfuade,
That they ate captives to her reafons made.

Dryden's Tyrannic Love.

9'o Confe'r.- v. a.

8 . To compare ; to examine by comparifon
with other things of the fame kind.

The words in the eighth vcrfe, conferred with
the fame words in the twentieth, make it manifeft.

Raleigh.

If we confer thcfe obfervations with others of the
like nature, we may find caufe to rcftify the genc-
fal opinion. Bofle.

Pliny conferring his authors, and comparing their
workl together, found thofe that went before Iran,
fcribed by thofe that followed. Smtin.

z. To give ; to bellow : with on before
him who receives the gift.

Reft to the limbs, and quiet 1 c:ifer
Cn troubled minds. H'alUr.

The confer! ing this honour ufen him would in-
treafe the credit he had. Clarendon.

Coronation to a king, confers no royal authority

ttpcn him.

_ __ Souil'.

'There is not the'lftft intimation in fcripturr
of this privilege conferred itfon the Roman church.

TiHotJtn.

Thou conferrrft the benefits, and he receives

them J the firft produces love, and the lalUngra-

titude. jtrbuthml's Hiftory of John Bull.

3. To contribute; to conduce : with /o.
The clofcnefs and compaflncfs of the parts

CON

rtfting together, doth much einfer I! the ftrfngth
of the union. CUnvil'c.

Co'nference. »./. [conference, French.]

1. The adt of converting on ferious fub-
jefls ; formal difcourle ; oral difcuflion'
of any queftion.

I /hil grow (kilful in country matterf, if I have
often conference with your fervanr. Sidney.

Sometime tliey deliver it, whom privately zeal
and piety movctli to be ir.ftruitois of others by
conference ; fometime of them it is taught, whom
the church hath called to the public, either reading
tliereof, or interpreting. tioo'ier.

What palTion hangs thefe weights upon my
tongue !
I cannot fpeak to her ; yet flie urg'd conference.

Shakeff>e^re.

2. An appointed meeting for difcuffing
fome point by perfonal debate.

3. Comparifon ; examination of different
things by comparifon of each with other.

Our diligence muft fearch out all helps and fur-
therances, which fcriptures, councils, laws, and
tfie mutual eanferenct of all men's collcftions and
obfervations, may aRx)rd. Hooker,

The conference of thefe two places, containing fo
excellent a piece of learning as this, cxpreOed by
fo worthy a wit as TuUy's was, muft needs bring
cn pisafure t» him that maketh true account of
learning. • jijcham's Scboolmajicr.

Confe'rrer. n.f. [from confer,']

1 . He that convsrfes,

2. He that bellows.

To CONFE'SS. nj. a. [confeffer, Fr. con-
fiteor, confeffum, Latin.]

1 . To acknowledge a crime ; to own a
failure.

He doth in fome fort cmfefs it.— ^If it be coa^
feffed, it is not redrelTed.

Shakefpeare' s Merry IVivei of Ifind/er.

Human faults with human grief «n/</i ;
'Tis thou art chang'd. Prior.

2. It has of before the thing confeffed,
when it is ufed reciprocally.

CoB/i/j thee freely 0/ thy fin;
For to deny each article with oath,
Cannot remove nor choke the ftrong conception.

Shakff care's Olbellc.

3. To difclofe the ftate of the confcience
to the prieft, in order to repentance and
pardon.

If our fin be only againft God, yet to confefs it
to his miailier may be of good ufc.

JVake's Prefarati'M for Death,

4. It is ufed with the reciprocal pronoun.

Our beautiful votary took the opportunity of
confcjjing herfelf to this celebrated father.

Mdifon's S;>eSlalor.

5. To hear the confeflion of a penitent, as
a priell.

6. To own ; to avow ;• to profefs ; not to
deny.

Whofijcver therefore {hall confefs me before men,
him will I confefs alfo before my Father which is in
heaven ; but whofoever (hail deny me before men,
hiiii will I alfo 8eny before my Father which is in
heaven. • Matt. x. 32, 33.

7. To grant; not to difpute.

If that the king
Have any way your good dcferts forgot.
Which lie conftfj'eih to he manifold,
Huibids you psnie your gri.cfs. ShaUffeare.

They may iiave a clear view of good, great and
confijfid ^aai, without being croctrned, if they can
make up their happinefs withoutTt. Locke.

8. To (hew ; to prove ; to atteft.

Tall thriving trees confifi'd the fniitful mold;
The redd'ning apple ripens litre to gold.

Pofe's Odyffey.

9. It is ufed in a loofe and uqimportant

CON

fenfe, by way of introduftion, or as an
affirmative form of fpcech.

I mull confefs 1 was mofl pleafed with abeautifiM
profpeS, that none of them have nieotioned.

Addijon em Italy.

To Confe'ss. v. n. To make confefGon ;

to difclofe ; to reveal ; . as, he is gene to

the priejl to confefs.
Confe'ssedly. adv. [from ccnfej^ed,^

Avowedly ; indifputably ; pndeni^bly.

Labour "is confifj'edly a great part of the curfe,
and therefore no wonder if men fty from it. South,

Great geniufes, like great minifterr, though thcjr •
are confeffidly the firft in the commonwealth of let-
ters, mull be envied and calumniated.

Pofe's EjTay on Homer.
Cokfe'ssion. n.f. [from confefs.']
X, The acknowledgment of a crime; the
difcovery of one's own guilt.

Your engaging me fi;(l in this adventure of the
Moxa, and defiring the (Inry of it from me, is like
giving one the torture, and then alking bis ctn. '
fiffr.n, which is harJ ufage. Simple,

2. The aft of difburdening the. confcience
to a priell.

You will have little opportunity fo praSife fuch
a confeffjin, and fiiould therefore fupply the want
of it by a due performance uf it to God.

Wake's P reparation fcr Death,

3. Profeflioh ; avowal.

Who, before Pontius Pilate, witnefled a good
confeffiont _ iT/ra. vi. 13.

If there be ore among.1 the fair'll of Greece,
That loves his miftrcfs more than in ccrf J:: 1,
And dare avow her beauty ard her worth
In other arms than h«rs ; to him this challengei

Shakespeare.

4. A formulary in whidi the articles of
faith are comprifed.

Confe'ssional. «. /. [French.] The
feat or box in which the confeffor fits to
hear the declarations of his penitents.

In one of the churches 1 faw a pulpit and «»-
fifftonal, very finely inlaid with lapis-lazuli.

Addtjcn oH Italy*

Confe'ssionary. n, f. [confejjionaire,

Fr.] The confeflion-chair or feat, whdre

the prieft fits to hear confeflions. Di^.

Confe'ssor. n.f. [conffffeur, French.]

1. One who makes profelfion of his faith
in the face of danger. He who dies for
religion, is a martyr; he who fuffers for
it, is a confeffor.

The doilrinc in the thirty-nine articles is U or-
thodoxly fettled, as cannot be qucftioned without
danger to our religion, which hath been fealed
with the blood of fo many martyrs and conftfj^ri.

Bacon: Advice to l''iltiers.

Was not this an excellent confeffor at lead, if
not a martyr, in this caufe ? SiiHingfltet,

The pati™ce and fortitude of a martyr or <■♦'.•-
feffir lie concealed in the flouriihing times of
Chiiftianity. Aldifins Sfcflator,

It was tiie alTurance of a rtfurrcdlion that give
patience to the conf^hr, ahd courage to the mar.
tyr. ■ Ro^irs,

2, He that hears confeffions, and prefcnbes
rules and meafures of penitence.

Sec tiiat Claudio
Be <!)tehilcd by nine to-morow morning :
Bring him his ccnfeffir,itt him be prepai'M;
For that 's the utnioll of his pilgrimagci fliihilfm

It you find any fii that lies heavy upor. you,
di/burthen yo»rfclf of it into the bofum of jeur
ccnfefpir, who (lands between God and you' to pray
for you. Taylor.

One muft be truftcd j and he thought her &t.
As pafling prudent, and a parlous wit,!
To this la>;acious eenfeffr be went.
And tol*he*. Drydtni f*^>I'^f -P"'* •

I ' 3- H«

CON

3. He who confefles his- crimes. Z)/'<.7.
Confe'st. adj. [a poetical word for coii-

/effed.'] Open ; known ; acknowledged ;

not concealed ; not difputed ; apparent.

But V ' erefbre ihould I leek.
Since the perfidious author (lands foi/t/? ?
This villain has traduc'd me. Ro'u.-c's Royjf C^rf.

Confe'stly. adv. [from confefi.'] Un-
difputably ; evidently ; without doubter
concealment.

They addrcfs to that principle which is (onf.jily
predominant in our nature. Drcay cfPuty.

CoNFi'ciENT. adj. [^conficiens, Lat.] That
caufes or procures ; effeftive. Dici.

Co'nfidant. n. /. [confident, French.]'
A perfon trufted with private affairs,
commonly with affairs of love.

Martin compofed his billet-doux, and intruftcd
it to his confJar.t. ArbuttKOi and Foft.

To CONFI'DE. v. n. [confide. Latin.] To,
trilft in ; to put trult in.
He aloiie won't betray, in whom none will cc>i~
fidi. Covgrci'C,

Co'nfidence. n.f. [nrifidenlia, Latin.]

1. Firm belief of another's integrity or
veracity ; reliance.

Society is built upon cnift, and truft apon confi-
dcrtct of one another's integrity. South.

2. Trull in his own abilities or fortune ;
fecuritj-: oppoTedto ^eilion or timidity,

AUs, my lord,

Your wifHom is confum'd in ecnjijmtt s

Do not go forth to day. Shulcffi.yjiius Cafar.

His times being rather profperous than calm,

.bad raifcd his cmfidenct by fuccefs. Bac. Htt.Vll.

He had an ambition and vanity, and a conf.derct

in bimfelf, which fometimes intoxicated, and rranf-

portcd, and expofed him. Clartudoti.

3. Vitious boldnefs ; falfe opinion of his
own excellencies : oppofed to modtfty.

Thefe fervent rtprehenders of things cftabliOied
ky publick authority, are alwayi confident and
bold-fpirited men ; but their ccnfidtnce. for the
mod part, rifcth from too much credit given to
their own wits, for vrhich caufe they arc feldom
free from errors, Hooter, Dtdirathn.

4. Confcioufnefs of innocence; honefl bold-
nefs ; firmnefs of integrity.

Beloved, if our heart condemn us not, then have
we C'jnfidentt towards God. i "Jobn, iii. ii.

Be merciful unto them which have not the con-
fdcfice of good works. i Efd. viii, 36.

Juft eonfdtnce, and native rightcoufnefs.
And honour. Mi/rcn't Farad'ift LoJI.

5. That which gives or caufes confidence,
boldnefs, or fecurity.

Co'nfident. adj. [from confide. ]
I . AfTured beyond donbt.

He it fo furc and totifidcnt of his particular elec-
tion, as to refolve he can never fall.

Hammord en FunJamertalt.

T am conjld/nt, that very much may be done

towards the improvement of philofophy. Boyle.

z. Pofitive; affirmative J dogmatical: as,
a confident talker.

3. Secure of fuccefs ; without fear of mif-
carriage.

Both valiant, as men dcfpifirg death ; both
confident, as unwonted to be overcome. Sidney,

Douglas and the Hotfpur, both together,
Are covfidint agaioft the world in arms.

Steiefftare'i Henry IV.
Be not cir.fident in a jilain way. Erel. xxxii. 21.
People forget how little they know, wlien they
grow confident upon any prefcnt ftate of things.

Siutb.

4. Without fufpicion } Uuftjng without
limitj.

Vol. I.

.C O N

He, true knight,
No lefl'er of her honour ncnfidcul,
Than I did truly find her, lUkcs this ring.

Shakejfeart't CymlJine.
Rome, be as juft and gracious unto me.
As 1 am cosfidexttDi kind to thee.

' Sbjl'ef^care's Titus Aidromcus,

5. Bold to a vice; elated- with falfe opi-
nion of his owu excellencies ; impudent.
Co'nfident. n.f. [fiom co/ifide.] One
trufled -with fecrets.

If ever it comco to this, that a man can fay of
his confidiiit, he would have deceived rae, be has
faid enough. South.

You love me for no other end,
But to become my cirf.deni and friend ;
As fuch, I keep no fecret from your fight.

Dryden's jlurengau-ie.

Co'nfidently. ad-v. [from cotifident.]

1 . Without doubt ; without fear of mif-
carriage. j

We (hall not be ever the left likely to meet)
with ductk, if we do not expert it too confidently.'

jitteriury,

2. With firm truft.

The maid becomes a youth ; no more delay
Vour vows, but look, and terfidently pay. Drydcn.

3. Without appearance of doubt ; without
fufpefting any failure or deficiency ;i
poiitively ; dogmatically.

Many men lead of all know what they thcm-
felves raoft confidently boaft. Ben Jonfin.

It is ftrange how the ancients took up experi-
ments upon credit, and yet did build great matters
upon them : the obfervation of fomc of the belV
of them, delivered canfidentfy, is, that a veljcl filled!
with afhes will receive the like quantity of water aq
if it had been empty ; this is utterly untrue. Bacon,

Every fool may believe, and pronounce confi.
der.tly } but wife men will conclude firmly. SoKlb.

Co'NriDENTNEss. n.f. [from confide/!t,1^
Favourable opinion of one's own pow-i
ers ; affurance. JD/<ff.

Co N F I c V R a't 1 0 N . n. /. [configuratioti,
French,]

1. The form of the various parts of any
thing, as they are adapted to each other.

The difTerent efi'e^is of fire and water, which
we call heat and cold, refult from the fo difTering
configuration and agitation of their particles.

Glan-vMe^s Scepfis.

Ko other account can be given of the different
animal fcctetions, than the dificrent configuration
and aftion of the iVlid parts. Arhuttnct onMmcntt.

There is no plaftick virtue concerned ia (haping
them, but the configurations of the particles whereof
they conlift. ff^ood'WJrd.

2. The face of the horofcope, according to
the afpefls of the planets towards each
other at any time.

To Confi'gure. f. a. [from figura, La-
tin.] To difpofe into any form, by
adaptation.

Mother earth brought forth legs, arms, and
other members of the body, fcattered and diftinft,
at their full growth ; which coming together, ce-
menting, and l^ configuring themfclves into human
(hapc, made Ixfty men. BentUy'% Sermoni.

CO'NFINE. ,,./. [co^fnis, Lat. It had
formerly the accent on the lall fyllable. j
Common boundary ; border; edge.

Here in thrfi- confine! Ilily have 1 lurk'd.
To watch the wainiiig of mine incmiei. ,

Sltelnj'fearr's Ritbird UI.
Youaieolu:
Nature in you ftands on the vcty verge
Of her confine. Sijhrfpeare^i A'i/J^ LfOr,

The confines of the river Niger, whcrc the ne-
gr«c» are, «T« well wJtCfW. Bacin,

CON

'Twii ebbing darknefs. paft rfie noon of night.
And PhoJphor on the corfincs of the lii,ht.

Dryden's Failes.

The idea of duration, equal to a revolution of
the fun, is applicable to duration, where no motion
vCas ; as the idea of a foot, taken from bodies here,
to dillances beyond the confines of the world, whcie
are no bodies. Lirte.

Co'nfine. adj, [confinis, Latin.] Border-
ing upon ; beginning where the other
ends ; having one common boundary.
To Confi'ke. ti, n. To border upon ;• to
touch on different territories, or regi-
ons : it has ".uith or on.

Half loft, I feek
What readleft path leads where your gloomy bounds
Cor/Titi wi(i heav'n. Miltcn's I'aradife Loft, '

Full in the midft of this created fpace,
Betwixt heav'n, earth, and ikies, there ftands a

place
Confining on all three. Dryden.

To Confi'ne. v,a. [coiifiner, Fr. confinis,

Latin.]
I. To bound ; to limit: as, he confrtes his

fubjefb by a rigorous definition.
z. To (hut up ; to imprifon ; to immure ;

to reftrain within certain limits.

I'll not over the threlhold.— ~-
— — Fy, you confine yourl'elf inoft unrcafonably :
come, you muft go vifit the good lady.

Sbakeff care's Coriolanus.
I had been
As broad and gen'ra! as tl e caling air
But now I'm cabbin'd, ctibb'd, covfin'd, bound in.

Sbakfjfeare*

3. To reftrain ; to tie up to.

Children, permitted the freedom of both ■hanijs,
do oft times confine unto the left, and are not with-
out great difficulty reftrained from it.

Broiun's Vulgar Errours,
Make one man's fancies, or failings,. «/yf;;;i^
laws to others, and convey them as I'uch to their
fucceeders. Boyle,

Where honour or vyhere confcienc* iloes not
bind.
No other tic (Iiall (hackle me;
Slave to myfelf I vriJl not be j
Nor Ihall my future! anions be canfind

By my own prefcnt mind. Coivley,

If the gout continue, I confine myfelf wholly to
the milk diet. _ Teinjile.

He is to fo»/fre-himfelf to the compafs of num-
bers, and the (lavery of rliirnc. Dryden.

CoNFi'NELESs.a<j)'. [from corifine,] Bound-
lefs ; unlimited ; unbounded ; without

end.

Eftcem him as a latr.b, b*ing compar'd
V, ith my confinelefs harms. Hhaheff care's Marbeth.

Confinement, n.f. [from f«;j/f/i,?.] Im-
prifonraent ; incarceration ; reftraint of
liberty.

Our hidden foes
Now joyful from their long confinement rofc.

Dryden's f^rgif.
The mind hateS reftraint, and is apt to fancy
itfelf under confinemcni when the light is pent up.

jtddifin.
As to the nuraben who are under reftraint,
people do not fcem fo much furprifed at the con-
finement of fome, as the liberty of others, /idd'don,
Confi'ner. n, /. [hom confine.']

1. A borderer; one that lives upon con-
fines ; one that inhabits the extreme

, ,'parts of a country.

The fenatc hath li'vct'i up the corfincrs.

^ &baltejpeai e' s Cymhelitth

Happy confiners you of other lands,
Thit (hift your foil. DanieTs Civil ffar,

2. A near neighbour.

Though gladnefs and giief be oppofite in na-
ture, jct they ate fuch ncighbouij aiid owners in
3 C art.

CON

art, th»t Ae le»ft touch of a peneil Vill tranflare »
crying into a Uughirg lace. _ H^otiin.

3. One whkh touches upon two difFercnt

regions.

The participles or (on/inert between plants and

living creatures are fuch as have no local motion ;

fuch as oyfters. Bacov.

Confi'kity. ». /. [««/'.-//«/, Latin.]

Nearncfc ; neighbourhood ; contiguity.

DiiJ.
To CONFI'RM. V. a. \(onf.rmi>, Latin.]

1. To j)ut paft doubt by new evidence.

The tellimony of Cbrift was cmjirmtd in you.

I Ccr» i. 6.
So was Ks will
Pronounc'd among the gods, and by an oath,
Which (hook heav'n's whole circumference, un-
firm-d. Muton,

Whilrt all the ftars that round her bum.
And all tlic planets in their turn.
Confirm iui tidings as they roll,
And tf read the truth from pole to pole.

2. To fettle ; to eftablifli either perfons or
things.

I confirm thee in the high priefthood, and ap

point thee ruler. • Mac. xi. 57.

Confirm the crown to roe and to mine heirs.

Shakeff.Hcn.Vl.

3. To fix ; to radicate.

F-.inelius never cured a confirmed pox without it.

H^ifiman.

4. To complete; to perfeft.

Kc ^'r;*/ uvd i)ut till be was a man ;
The which no fooner had his prowefs ccrfirm'd, '
But !ite a man he died. ShAeJftan'i Mrchiath.

5. To ftiengthen by new folennnities or
ties.

That treaty, fo prejudicial, ought to have been
remitted rather than confirmed. _ Swi/V.

%. To fettle or ftrengthen in refolution, or
purpofe, or opinion.

Cjnfrmd then I rcfolve,

Adam Ihall (hare with me in blifs or woe. Miltm.

They 11. iheir ftaie though firm, ftood more cot-

firm-d. Milton.

Believe and be nnfrm'd. Mi/lon-

f. To admit to the full privileges of a
Chiiftian, by impofition of hands.

Thofe which are thus confirmed, arc thereby
fuppofed to be fit for admiffion to the (acrament.
Hammond^) Fundaminrals.
CoNFi'RMABLE.c^i/. [from Confirm.] That
which is capable of inconteftible evi-
dence.

It may receive a fpurious iranate, at is eonjtrm-
cble oy ma y exan-.p!es. Brotvn t Vulvar Rrroun.
Confiima'tion. n.f. [from ce»/fr»i.]

1. The aft of eftablilhing any thing or
perfon ; fettlement ; eftablifhment.

Em b ace and love this roan.
" .. With brother's love 1 do it.—
And let hcav'n
Witnefj how dear 1 hcW this covfirmatiini

Sttkijptare' I i/fflry VUI.

2. Evidence by which any thing is afcer-
tained ; additional proof.

A lalfe report hath
Honour'd v'lflacinfirmauott your great judgment.

Shakijfeare.
The fea-captalns anfwered, that they would per-
form his command J and, in anfirmatini thereof,
promifed not tO do any thing which bcfecmed not
latiantmen. ^ _ KnolUt'i Hjficry.

3. Proof} convincing teftimony.

Wanting frequent tcrfirmaika in a matter fo
tonfiimable, their aiBrmation carricth but flow
perfuafion. Brnon.

Thr arguments brou|ht by Chrift for the ccn.
trm.uian of hi* defUioc, were in themfclvcs fuffi-
citnt. ^»'"^-

CON

J.. An eccfeiiaftical rite.

What is prepared for in catechifing, is, in the
next place, per formed by confirmalUn ; a moft pro-
fitable ufage of the church, tranfcribed from the
praSice of the apoftles, which confifts in two parts :
the child's undertaking, in his own name, every
part of the baptifmal vow (having firft approv:d
htmfelf to underftand it) ; and to that porpofe,
that he may more folemnly enter this obligation,
bringing fome godfather with him, not now (as in
baptifm) as his procurator to undertake for him,
but as a witnefs to tclVify his entering this obliga-
tion, Hammond at Fandatnenti'Js.

Confirma'tor. n, /. [from tovjirmo,
Latin.] An attefter ; he that puts a
matter paft doubt.

There wants herein the dcfinidve nnfirmator,
and teft of things uncertain, the fenfe of man.

Brmvn's Vulgar Emurs,

Confi'rmatory. adj. [from coiifirm.]
Giving additional tellimony ; ellabiilh-
ing with new force.

Confi'rmedn£3s. n.f. [from coHfirmd.]
Confirmed ftate ; radication.

If the difficulty arile from the confirmednefs of
habit, every reliltancc weakens the habit, abates
the difficulty. Decay of Piciy.

Gonfi'rmer. nf. [from confirm.l One
that confirms ; one that produces evi-
dence or ftrength ; an attefter ; an efta-
blifher.

Be tliefe fad fighs confrmen of thy words ?
Then fpeak again. Shakijfeare' t King John.

The oath of a lover is no ftronger than the word
of a tapfter : they are both the confirmers of f Jife
reckonings. Shakejfeare.

Cokfi'scable.<j^. [fiom ce«J!/cate.] Li-
able to forfeiture.

To CONFI'SC ATE. -v. a. [confifcare, con-
fifquer, i. e. in publicum addicere ; from
fifcus, which originally fignifieth a ham-
per, pannier, bafket, or freil ; but me-
tonymically the emperor's treafure, be-
caufe it was anciently kept in fuch ham-
pers. Ccaw//.] To transfer private pro-
perty to the prince or publick, by way
of penalty for an offence.

It was judged th;U he (hould be banilhed, and
his whole ellate confiscated and feiaed, and his
houfes pulicJ down. Macon.

Whatever fifli the vulgar fry excel,
Belong to Caefar, v.hercfoe'er they fwim,
By thiir own worth confijcated to him.

Dry den s Juvenal.

CoNFi'scATE. adj. [ from the verb.]
Transferred to the publick as forfeit.
The accent in Sbakejpeare is on the firft
fyllable.

Thy lands and goods
Are, by the laws of Venice, confij'cate
Unto the rtatc of Venice. Stat. Merch. of Venice.

Confisca'tjon. n.f. [from confifcate.']
The aft of transferring the forfeited
goods of criminals to publick ul'e.

It was in every man's eye, what great forfei-
tures and cinffcaiUni he had at that prcfcnt to help
himfelf. Baeon'i Henry VU.

Co'nfitekt. »./. [conjitins, Lat.] One
confeffing ; one who confefTes his faults.

A wide difi'erence there is between a meer con-
/«Kr and a true penitent. Decay cf Piety ,

Co'nfiture. n.f. [French; from con-
feSura, Lat.] A fweetmeat ; a confec-
tion ; a comfit.

It is certain, thjt there be fome houfcs wherein
confiturti and f iei wiB galh«r inuitld more titan in

others.

CON

We contiin 1 corfiture houfc, wbeic we make aM

fweetmeats, dry and moift^ and divers pleafant

wines. Bjitn,

TaCoNFi'x. ■v. a. [configo, coHfixum, Li-

tiu.] To fix down ; to faften.

As this is uue.
Let me in fafety raife me from my knees ;-.
Or elfe for ever be anfxrd here,
A m»rble moomnent! Sbak. Meafurefir Meafure,

Con fla'c RANT. ad/, [conftagrans, Lat.]-
Burning together; involved in a gene-
ral fire.

Then raife
From the eanfagrant mafs; purg'd and re6n'd,
New heav'ns, new earth. MiltoM'i Paradife L^,

Conflacra'tio.n. n, /, f conjlagratio,
Latin.]

1. A general fire fpreading over a large
fpace.

The opinion derlveth the complexion inm tUa
deviation of the fun, and the con^agration of all-
things under Phaeton. BrovnCi Vulgar £rr:>urs-'

Next o'er the plains, where ripea'd barvefta
grow,
The running anfiagratitm fpreads below.

Addif'.n't Ovid,

MankiiKl hath had a giaduafincreafe, notwith-
ftanding what flools and ccfijiagrjtii>nsj rrd the
religious profelfion of celibacy, may havi. inter-
rupted. BentUys Sermcns,.

2. It is generally taken for the fire which
{hall confume.this world at the confum-
mation of tilings.

Confla'tion. n./. [confatum, Latin.]

1 . The acl of blowing many inltruments
together.

The iweeteft harmony is, when every part or
inArument 'is not beard by itfelf, but a ccnjiaiim of
them all. Bacon,

2. A cafting or melting of metal.
Confle'xure. n.J. [fffff/fcAKra, Latin.]

A bending or turning.
To CONiLl'Cr. -v.n [covfligo, Lat.]
To ftrive ; to contcil ; to fight ; to
ftriiggle ; to couteud ; to encounter ; to
engage : properly by ftriking againft
one another.

Bare unhoufed trunks,
To the con^ifling elements expos'd,
Anfwer meer nature. Si,jte/feeire's timvi.

You Ihall hear under the earth a hirrible tliun-
dering of fire and water conjli^ing together.

Bacon't Natural Hifiory,

A man would be content to ftrive with himfelf,

and conjliS with great difficulties, in hopes of a

mighty reward. Tilhtjonm

Lalh'd into foam, the fierce Cjnflifling brine
Seems o'er a thoufand raging waves to burn.

TiioB/is.

Co'wflict. ir./. \confli3tis, Latin.]

1 . A violent coUifion, or oppofition, of two
fubftances.

Pour dephlcgmed fpirit of vinegar upon fait of
tartar, and there v.ill be fuch a anf.ili or cbuUi-
tion, as if there were fcarcc two more contrary
bodies in nature. Boyle.

2. A combat ; a fight between two. It is
feldom ufed of a general battle.

The lucklefs confliU with the giant ftout,
Wherein captiv'd, cf lif: or death be Aood in
doubt. Spenjer,

It is my father's face.
Whom in this coirfiill 1 unawareji have kiU'd.

Sbaktfpeare,

3. Comcft ; ftrife ; contention.

There is a kind of merry war betwixt fignior

Benedick and her : they never meet but there 's a

iklrmilh of wit between them. — Alas! he gets

nothing by that. In our bft cenftiSI, four of his

Bactn. five wits went tilting ilf. Shakefpeare^

4. Struggle;

CON

+• Struggle; agony; pang.

No alFurance touching viftorics can make pre-
fait f5)i^;3i fo fwfset and ea/y, but nature will
ihrirkfrtrr tr.err. Hxhr.

^' ^ gJTat cbacgr, with what la-

bour an>. - ' he accomplifli it ! R'.^ni.

He perceiv'd
Th'-nneijui! confiia then, as angels look
Chj dying faints. Tb^mfitCs Semmer.

Co'kflcence. «./ \^conjluo, Latin.]
i . The janflion or uni«n of feveral llreams.

HtJinrod, who ufurpej dominion over the re:t,

/it : A-! in the very ctmfiuinct of ali thole rivers

■iKi Paradife. Rjldzb's Hf..cf:ttW'^;d.

\s faenrith tht c^aaxt of Tigris and

Eitirites. Brtreaxud m Largusget.

•» tl*' «Ji>S insmmtrable little rivntets ha-.-e
*■" ' ' -ato the great vein, thecommor.

ch_ .loofl. £«,%.

2. 1 :. . „. crowding to a place.

Vo« fee this arjiatnce, this great flood of vifi-

«»"• ShaMftari.

Some come to make meny, becaufe of the can-

fume of all loru. Bacen.

Vou had foaad by cxpenence the trouble of all

meo't cmfauicc, ana for all matters to your&lf.

Bjcon fs l^iXurt.

A coocourfe ; a muldtode crowded jnto

C O I^

The Gentnei were not m^ anfmrnUe ■anti t
ofClrift' '" wu to ceafe at the coming [

CON

one place.

This will draw a nrfaact of people from all
parts of the country. TantU.

4. CoUedtion'; concurrence.

Wc r.-.jv there be iniinided hour to rate all
g« - "It «i;i concentre into tiie teiicity

we : hich ihall be made uv of the nn-

fuat,:, ,-c.-r:t:ijc, and perpetuity of ail true joys.

CCmPLUENT. adj. {cenJlHens, Latin/)
Running one into another ; meeting.

At length, &> make their vario-js currents one,
The congregated floods together run :
Thefe conjliitnt ftreams make fome great river's

head,
Byftores ftill melting and defcendiag fed,

Co KFLOX. It./, [nnfiuxia, Latin.]

1, The anion of feveral currents; con-
courfc.

Knots, by the nrf.ux of meeting fap,
InfeS the found pine ^nd dive.t his grain. Shai.

2. Crowd; mulritade coTleftfd.

He (juiclcly, by the general cr'f-jx and con-
cou-fe of the whole peopir, ftrci^hter'' "^
ten.

To die gates caft ronnd thine eye, ^ -
What.-wyiM .ffijrngfbrth, orentVinp m. Afiiin.

CoNFo RM. aJj..[ca.iform;j, Latin.] M'.

fuming the lame .«brm ; wearing Uie

fame ibrra ; reicmbling.

_ Variety of tunes djth Jilp >fe the fpirlts to »a.

nety of pa4ionsrMi/lnn Bnte diena.
_^ B.ucx'i Sjrarai H'Jl^rv

To CONFCTRM. ,.. a. [co.f^rmo. uL ]

To reduce to the like appearance, fhapc,

or manner, with fomething el;"e : with

Then fntloKred that moft natural eBefl of <•«.

/,-irm,o- ■ , '• -which Ihe did like. Si,/™^.

'!■ "T" the Cliriftians, ai

?""''■' : n^ to the pattern of the

Deniand of them wherefore they cnf^ a,^l
themfclvei m;. the order of the churc h ? Hc-Jtr.
T-> Confo'rm. -v. n. To comply with :
to > jeld : with to.

„- Amonsmaokiud/o few there are,
Vr bo wilK «,/,„ „ philofophitk fare. Dr^J. Ju-v
.COKFORMASLE. aJj. {hom confo,m.\
\. Having the fame form ; ufing the fame
manners; agreeing either in exterior or
moral charaflers; iirailar; relembling.

5-

ofChrift. u .

, , , Meaner,

z. It has commonly to before that with
which there is agreement.

He gives a reafon icrfcrmaiU to the principles.
o - ^huthnct,

3. Sometimes 'with, not iinproperly ; but
to is tiled with the verb.

The fragments of Sappho give ns a tafte of her
way of writmg, perteelly cnfcrguble viith that
charafier we find of her. jtUifo.; &p.aa,,r.

4. Agreeable ; fuitable .• not oppofite •
confiilent. '

Nature is very coa&nant iaionfirw.alle ,0 her-

I be produOions 0/ a great genias, with many
lapfcs, are preterable to the works of an inferiour
author, fcrupuloully eiafl, and cc^-.rviahU so all
the rules of correft wiiting. MJisn.

Compliant ; ready to follow direftions ;
fubmjffive ; peaceable ; obfequioire.

I've been to you a true and humble viife.
At aU time to yoor will tcnfurmakU,

For all the kingdoms of the earth to yield
themfclves wUlingly c«/r«ui,V, in whauvcr iVould
be required, it was their duty. ' u^t^r

Such dehifions are reformed by a cttfirnmbic
dcvooon, and the well-tempered aeol of the true
Chr,«ua fpirit. 5

CONFORMABLY. aJv. [from csii/oraatleA
With conformity ; agreeably'; fuitably •
It has ti. y

So a man obferre the agreement of his own
imagmationi, and talk unfarmahly, it is all cer
• taiaty. . . j^.

I have treated of the fex nmformablj ft, this defil

Ccnforma'tion. -./[French; c>h'Z'.
matio, Lat.]

The form of things, as relating to each
other ; the particular texture and coii-
fiftence of the parts of a body, anddieir
difpofition to make a whole : as. Ugbt tf
aijatiit colours u Ttji,a<dfrcm bodiu, ac-
cording to thtir different conformation.

Varieties a,e found in the different natural
Oiapcj or the mouth, and feveral cfirmatkr, of

Wh'-'c there hippens to be fuch a flruQuie and

^"•h, as that the fire may pafj

...jcle,, it then readily ijct. out.

H'v'^icard', Kj!:,ral HUUri.

1 he acl of producing fuitablenefs, or
conformity, to any thing : with to. '

Virtue and vi^e, fi„ a„a bolinefj, and tlie r«-
Jtrmmtnn of our hearts and lues rt the duties of
Que religion arU m.^rality, are thing's of more
confoquence than the farnifure of undcritanJing.

CON-FO RMtsT. n.f. [from conform.] One
that complies wijh the worlhip of the
church oi England ; not a diileater.

They «ere not' bbth nbnconformias, n,it';:c.-

Conformity, n.f. [from conform. ^
I. binuluude; refemblance ; the Hate of
having the lime charafter of manners
or form.

Bj the knowledge of truth, and exercife of vir-
tue, nian, amongtt the crea^Jte3 of thii world,
alpir.sth to the gteatell re»/"»TBi/ji with God.

, , llf«krr.

_ Judge not what is beft

By p^afure, though to nature fc-niirg meift 5
Created as thu art to mbl-r ;nd,

,«,/ ' '' (''ffcrmitj m

fimplc idtJs. ^

I.

IZ

This metaphor would Sot have been fo «.-.era!
h.d there not been a rc«>^ between the mental
tafte and the fenfitive ta«e. MJif^^'s Sfta^ur.

2. It has in fome authors tvit/l) before the
model to which the conformity is made.

The end of all religisn is but to draw us to
a c^f:rm,ty iiitb God. Decay ofPktv.

3. In fome to. ■' ■> J
We cannot be otherwU: happy frat by onr cm.

/.m,«/.God. Tdlcfin.

Cz„f,rm.ty in building tn other civil nations, hath
difpoled us to let Qur old wooden dark hoqfes fall
to decay. q

4. Coofifteney.

Many inrtmces prove the conformitj of the eflV*
«tfi the noooas of Hippocrates.

CoNFORTA TiON. n. /. [from ccrforto, 3
low Latm word.] Collation of nrength :
corroboration.

For corroboration ind corfcrtai-m, take fuch
bodies as are of aftrinsent quality, without mani.
(eaccld. I Bac^:, Natural mil,rf.

To CONFCrUND. „. a. [confondr,. Fr.

confunJo, Lat.]
I. To mingle things fo that their feveral

forms or natures cannot be dil'cerned.

Let us go down, and there covhurj their Un,
guage, that they may not underftand oneanother-j

Ipeech. »,

Two planets rufhing from afoeS malign,
0» 8crceft oppoCtion, in mid (ky
Should combat, aaAthdrjarting fpheres rar/m,/.

' — , ., ■ MOtm.

1.2. To perplex; to compare or mentito
without due diftinftion.

A fluid body and a wetting liqoor are wo»t,
becaufe they agree in many things, to be r«- .
Jatndtd. g ,

They who ftrip not ideas from the marks m<S
ule tor them, but emfcundihem with words, mu*
have epdlels difpute. Lockt.

}. To dillurb the apprehenfion by indif-
tinft words or notions.

I am yet to think, that men find their fimpl.
ideas agree, though, indifcourfe, they «,/„,rf o„e
an)ther with difterent names. Loeii.

\. To throw into confternation ; to per-
plex ; to terrify ; to amaze ; to aftoniih j

to ihlpity.

So fpakethe Son of Cod ; and Satan ftood
A w.]ile as mule, coff«,ndtd what to fay.

., . , Milton's ParadifeSegaituX.

Now with furies furrounded, *

Defpairing, ccnfixndcd.
He trembles, lie glows,
Amidft Rhodopes fnows. Pife'i'Sr. CrriS*.

. To deilroy ; to overthrow.

. The fweetcft honey ^

Is loithfome in its own delitioufnefs.
And in the tafte t^«,„d, the appetite. SlcitTp.

rt'u ? ""^"""^ ''^ ' *>" ''^»" ^°^^ 'hwe
- Let t!>rm be ligfandtd in all their po^w^ani
W^ght, and let their ftrength be broken.

io deep a, malice to cmfiuwd the race
Ot mankind in one root. ^/,„

CoNFo'trvDED. particip. adj. [from con.
fouftd.] Hateful; detellaWe; enormous;
odious : a low cant word.
A moftrsn/iuwfc^teafon for h« bmtiSi concep-'

C ■
Sir, I have heard anotiicr ftory i
He was a moft canfiandtj Tory.;
And grew, or he fs much belied,
Ettrem^j duM before he died. Swlfu

■ Co V Fo'u N D E D x.r.iidz'. [from confo,,nd/j.-\
Hatefully ; fhamefully : a low or ludi-

Luki. ^ crous vroxd.

iCi

Vao

C Q N

Teu.are nnftjniulli given to fquirting uy »nd
down, »nd ch«tcrir.c. L'Eftmnii.

Thy fpecuUtJoiu tcjin to fmell confeumltjly of
woods and mtadbws. Aldfn's SfrfJjtcr.

CoNPo'uNDER. ft./, [fronicen/ourni.] He
who dilhjrbs, perplexes, terrifies, or
deilroys.

Confrate'rnity. n./. [from (tin and
fratcrnitas, Latin.] A br-orherhood ; a
body of men united far fome religious
purpofe.

We find days appointed to be kept, and a coifra-
ttrnity eftabliihed for that purpofc, with the laws
of it. Sfill}ngf.etv I

Co N F R I c a' T I o N. »./. [from «aand frico.
Lit.] The a£l of rubbing againll any
tiling.

it hath been rcporttd, iJiat ivy h«th gjrown out
of a (lag's horn ; whicli thej; fupfofe did rather
come from a ar/rkatian of the, horn upon the ivy,
than from the horn itfclf. . Bacon.

To CONFRO'NT. v. a.Xciofronier, Fr.]
t. To Hand a^oll. another in full view ;
to face.

He fpoka, and the* nrfr^Utt the bifll ;

A?d on his ample foreheio, uim'uig full,

TKe' deadly (hoke defcended. Dry Jen' i P^irgil.

2. To ftand face to face, in oppofition to
another.

The Eaft and Weft churches did both eoit/nnt
the Jews, and concur with them. JHonkrr.

Blood hath bough: blood, and blows have an-
fwctM blows.
Strength match'd with ftrength, and power ron-
fror.ud power. Shaitjfeare'i King yobs.
Bellona's bridegroom, lapt in proof,
Ccifrtnlrtl him with felf eomparifons,
IPoint agaioft point rebellious, arm 'gainft arm.

Shattjfiare'i Matbtth.

3. Tooppofe one evidfence to another in
•pen court.

We began to lay his unkindneft unto him: he
feeuij himfelf m^titid by fo'many, vnnx. not to
denial, but to juftify his cruel falfehood. Sidney.

4. To compare one thing with another.

When 1 tmfrtmt » medal with a verfe, I only
fliew yo» the fame dcfign executed by different
hands. AddiJM en Mcdnh.

Confronta'tion. »./. [French.] The
aft of bringing two evidences face to
face.

Ta CONPU'SE. V. a. [coTifufus. Lat.]

1. To diforder ; to difperfe irregularly.

Thus roving on
In ccnfiii'i march forlorn, th' adventurous bands
View'd firil their lamentable lot, and found
No reft. Milieu.

2. To mix, not feparate.

At length an univetfal hubbub wild,
Of (tunning founds and voices all conjut^d^
Biirne through the hollow dark, aflaults bis e.ir,

A/i/fen.

3. To perplex, not diftinguiOi; toobfcure.

We may have a clear and dilUnil ioca of the
cxiAence of many thing*, though our ideas of
their intimate elTencet and caufea arc very confuCd
and obfcure. W»ltii LsgiCk.

4. To hurry the mind.

dnfuCi and fadly (lie at length replies.

Pipe't Statius.

CONFu'sEDLY. at/v. [from CBIt/u/ii/.]

I. In a mixed mafs ; without reparation.

Tliefe four nacions ate every where mixed in the

Scriptures, bccaufe they dwelt ccnfujtdly together.

RaUigb^s Ilijlory,

a. Indiftinftly ; one mingled with another.

The inner court with horror, noife, and teari
CcnJ'ut'dly fill'd } the women's ihrieks and iries
TJk atcbcd vaulM [e-cUw> Dinham.

CON

On tnount Vefcvlus rtxt he fi»'d hii eyei.
And fiw the fmoaking tops csnfm'dly rife ;
A hideous ruin I Addifin on Italy.

I viewed through a prifm, and faw them mt^ft
eonfufidly defined, fo that 1 could not diftinguifli
their fmaller parts from one another.

NnattnU OfticU.

Heroes and heroines fliouts confut'dly rife,
And bale and treble voices ftrikc the ikios. Po/t.

3. Not clearly; not plwnly.

H« unftijtdjy and obfcutely delivered his opinion.

CUi tndoK.

4. Tumultuouffy ; haftily ; not deliberate-
ly ; not «xa£lly.

The propriety of thoughts and words, which

ait the hidden betutiea of a. play, »rcbut<!if!/i./-'^6'

judged in the vehemence of adion. Drydtr..

CoNFu'sEDNESS. ti. /. [from con/u/ed.]

Want of diftinftnefs ; want of dearnefs.

Hithemuto thefe titles of honour carry a kind of
cmfufcdncfi, and rather betokened a fucceffive office
than an el^blilhed dignity.

Carrw't Survey if CurmoaU.
The caufe of the c.nfuydncji of our notions, next
to natural inability, is want of attention. AWij.
CoKPu'siON. n. /. [from confufe.']

1 . Irregular mixture ; tumultuous medley.

God, only wife, to punifli pride of wt,
Among men's wits hath this confufien wrought ;

As the proud tow'r, whofe points the clouds did
hit,
By tongues ctmfufion was to ruin brought. David.

2. Tumult ; diforder.

God is not a God of fedition and cunfnfion, but
of order and of peace. Hooka; Preface.

This is a happier and more comely time.
Than when thefe fellows. ran about the ftrcets
Crying cenfufun. Shakrjfeare' i Ceriolanut.

3. Indiltinft combination.

The ecnfuf.an of two dill'ercnt ideas, which a
cuftomaiy connexion of them in thdt minds hath
made to them almoft one, fills their heads with falfe
vlews,and their reafonings with falfe confequences.

Locke.

4. Overtltrow ; deftruftion.

The ftrength of their illufion,
Shall draw him in to his confufion. Sbakefp. Mad.

5. Aftonifliment ; diftraftion of mind ;
hurry of ideas.

dnfupon dwelt in ev'ry face.

And tear in ev'ry heart.
When waves on waves, and gulphs in gulphs,

O'ercome the pilot's art. SfeSaior.

,Confi*'table. fl^'. [fiom cok/uU.] Pofli-
ble to be difproved ; poflible to be fliewn

falfe.

At the bit day, that inquifitor Oiall not prefcnt
to God a bundle of calunuiics, or confmable accu-
fations ; but will offer unto his omnili:ience a true
lift of our tranfgi-effions. Brown.

Confuta'tion. »./ [confutatio, Latin.]
The aft of confuting ; difproof.

A confutation of atheilm from tlic frame of the
world. Bentley.

To CONFU'TE. w. a. [confute^ Latin.]
To convift of errour or falfehood ; to
difprove.

He could on either fide difpute ;
Ccnfute, change h.'nds, and ftlU confute. Hudihras.

For a man to doubt whether there be any hell,
and thereupon to live as if there were none, but,
when he dies, to find himfelf «wi/i<f«i in the flames,
mud be the height of woe. Souib.

CO'NGE. n.f. {conge, French.]

1 . Aft of reverence ; bow ; courtefy.

, The ciptain falutes you with «n^/ profound.

And jour ladyfliip curt'fies halfway tu the ground.

Sti:ift.

2, Leave ; farcwcl.

So courteous fon^/ both did give and take,
With right hands plighted, gltslies of go^d-will.
*■ Fairy Siuetn.

CON

To Co'hob. v. n, [from the noun.] To
take leave.

1 have congttd with the duke, and done my adieu
with his nearcft. Sbak. All's v/ell that endt me/l,

CO'NGE D'ELIREis French ; andfignU
fies, in common law, the king's permif-
fion royal to a dean and chapter, in time
of vacation, to chufe a bifhop. The
king, as fovereign patron of all archbi-
Ihopricks, bifhopricks, and other eccle*
fiaftical benefices, had, in ancient rimes,
the free appointment of all ecclefiaftical
dignities ; invefting them S\r& per bacu-
lum & annulum, and afterwards by hi*
letters patent. In procefs of time he
made the eleftion over to others, under
certain forms and conditions ; as, that
they Ihould, at every vacation, before
they chufe, demand of the king a conge
d'tlire, that is, licence to proceed to
eleftion. CovitU.

A woman, when flie has maSe her own clioice,
for form's fake, finds a tongf d'tlire to her friends.

Sfeflator,

Co'nge. n.f. [In architefture.] A mould-
ing in form of a quarter round, or a
cavetto, which ferves to feparate two
members from one another : fuch is that
which joins the Ihaft of the column to
the cinfture. Chambers.

To CONGE'AL. i/. a. [congclo, Latin.]_

1 . To turn, by froft, from a fluid to a folid
ftate.

What more miraculous thing may be told.
Than ice, which is cor.gea^d with fenfclefs cold,
Should kindle fire by wonderful device ? S^rftTt

In whofe capacious womb
A vapoury deluge lies, to fnow congeai'dt

tbomfoBi ffiaitirt

2. To bind or fix, as by cold.

Oh, gentlemen, fee ! fee ! dead Henry's wound*
Open their cmgeal'd mouths, and bleed afrcfti.

Sbakeffcare's Richard IIIJ
Too much fadnefa hath congcai'd your blood.

ShakeJ^eare,

To Conce'al. V. It. To concrete; to
gather into a mafs by cold.

In the midft of molten lead, when it beginneth
to congeal, make a little dent, into which put quick-
filver wrapt in linen, and it will fix and run no
more, and endure the hammer. Bacon.

When water congeals, the furface of the ice ia
fmooth and level, as the furface of the water was
before. Burnet's Tbenj.

Conge'alment. »./. [from f«»^<a/.] The
clot formed by congelation; concretion.

Enter the city, clip your wives, your friends ;
Tell them your' feats, whilft they with joyful tean
Wafti the congealmcnt from your wounds.

Shakeffeare's Antony and Cleopatra.

Con oe'l ABLE. adj. [from congeal.'] Suf-
ceptible of congelation ; capable of lof-
ing its fluidity.

'ihe confiftencies of bodies arc very divers t
dcnfe, rare, tangible, pneumatical, fixed, hard,
foft, con^elahle, not congelable, liqucfiable, not li-
quefiable. Bacon.

The chymifts define fait, from fome of its pro-
perties, to be a body fixable in the fire, and congel~
able again by cold into brittle glebes or cryftals.

Arhuthnot on AUnicKtSt

Comcela'tion. n.f. {horn congeal.]
I. Aft of turning fluids to folids by cold.

The cipillary tubes arc obftruSed either by out-
ward comprsfiion or angelation of the fluid.

Ailutbntt «n Aliments.
There

CON

Thert are congehthiu of tha redundatit water,
precipitations, and many otlicr operations.

Arbutbnot o» j^'ir,

S. State of being congealed, or made folid
by cold.

Many waters and fpringi will never freeze j and
riMny parts in rivers and lakes, where there are
mineral eruptions, will ftiU perfift without cjnge-
hthn. Brrtvnl Vulgar Enoun.

CO'NGEKER. n.f. [Latin.] Of the fame

kind or nature.
The cherry-tree has been often grafted on the

laurel, to which it is a angei^cr. Milter.

Conge'nerous. adj. [congener, Latin.]

Of the fame kind ; arifiiig from the

fame original.

Thoi'e bodin, being of a migmerous nature, do
mdily receive the imprcffions ot their nature.

Ervwn's Vulgar Errours.

Team extreme and lafling colds proceeds a great

ruii of apoplexies, and other eongerrrous difcafes.

Arhutbr.oi on jlir.

Concb'nerovskess. n.f. [from conge-

nerout.] The quality of being from the

fame original ; belonging to the fame

clafs. D.-a.

CONGE'NIAL. aJJ. [con andgenus, Lat.]

Partaking of the fame genius ; kindred ;

cognate : in S-wi/t it is followed by luitli.

He fpiung, withuut any help, by a kind of ccn-
gmal compofure, as we may term it, to the like-
nefs of our late fovcreign and mailer. fVelioit,

You look w'lh pleafure on thofe things which
are fomcwhat artgenjalf and of a remote kindred to
your own conceptions. UryJen't Dtilical, cfjwv.

Smit with the love of fiiler arts we came.
And met trngemal, mingling flame with dame.

P:ipe.

He acquires a courage, and ftiffnefs of opinion,

not at all congenial tv'ttb him. Swift.

GoNCENi a'lity. n. /. [from congenial.]

Participation of the fame geniui ; coo--

natioo of mind, or nature.

Conce'ni ALNESS, n./. [from congenia/.']

Cognation.
CoNCE KITE. aJj. [coagenitus, Latin.] Of
the fame birth ; born with another; con-
nate ; begotten together.

Many conclufions of moral and intelleftual
truths feem, upon this account, to be congeniteWn'n
us, connatural to us, and engraven in the very
frame of the fouL HaWi Origin oftianktnd.

Did we learn an alphabet in our embrya-ftate ?
And how comes it ro fa's, that we are not aware
of any fuch cor.gemie ipp.ehenfions ?
_ ^ Clan^ilU^s Scefjii.

CoKCER. n.f. [cengrus, Latin.] The
fea-eel.

Many fi/h, whofe Biape and natnrt are much
like the eel, frequtnt both the fea and frefti livers ;
as the mighty conger, taken often in the Severn.
}VaItan'i AngUr,

Conce'ries. n.f. [Lat.] Amafs of fmall
bodies heaped up together.

The air is nothing but a conreriei or heap of
fmall, and for the moft part of ffexible, particles,
of fevcral fizcs, and of all kinds of figures. S'yU.
To CONGE'ST. V. a. [congers, cong^fium,
Lat.]^ To heap up ; to gather together.
Conge'stible. aiij. [from congefl^ That
may be heaped up. Diii.

Conoe'stiom. n.f [congefiio, Latin.] A
colleftion of matter, as in abfccfles and
tumours. ^incy.

CcngtJIion IS then faid to be the caufe ot a tu-
mour, when the growth of it is flow, anu without
PJ'"- »,jeman.

CONCIARY. n.f [coHgiariitm, from con-
iiuj, a meafure of cori, Latin.] A gift

CON

diftrlbuted to the Roman people or fol-
diery, originaUy in corn, afterwards in
money.

We fee on them the emperor and general officers,
{landing as they diftributcJ a congiary to the fol-
diers or people. AcUifan.

To CONGLA'CL'i.TE. 'v. ». [conglaciam,
Latin.] To turn to ice.

No other doth properly con^laciate but water ;
for the determination ot" quickfilver is properly
fixation, and that of milk coagulation.

Broiuns Vulgar Errcurs.
Co N G I. A CI a't ion. n. f [from conglaci-
ate.] The ftate of being changed, or aft
of changing, into ice.

It cryftal be a ftone, it is concreted by a mineral
fpirit, and lapidiiical principles ; for, while it re-
mained in a ffuid body, it was a fubjcil very unfit
for proper cor.glaciaticn. Brown.

To CO'NGLOBATE. -v. a. [conglobatus,
Latin.] To gather intoahard firm ball.

'i'he telliclc, as is laid, is one large eonglobaleii
gland, confilHng of fot't tibres, all in one convolu-
tion. Cmu.

Co'nolobate. ac/j. [from the verb.]
Moulded into a firm ball, of which the
fibres are not diftinftly vifible.

Fluids are feparated from the blood in the liver,

and the other conghhate and conglomerate glands.

Cbtynt's Phi/ofopbieal Principles.

Co'nclobately. adv. [from conglobate.]
In a fperical form. Dia.

Co KG lob a't I on. n.f, [from conglobate. ]
A round body ; colleftion into a round
mafs.

In this fpawn are difcerned many fpecks, or
little congleiatuns, which in time become black.

Brcwn.
To Conclo'be. -v. a. [conglobo, Lat.] To
gather into a round mafs ; to confolidate
in a ball.

Then he founded, then tongLb'd
Like things to like. Milton's Paradife Left.

For all their centre found.
Hung to the goddefs, and coher'd around :
Not clofer, orb in orb cinghh'd, are feen
The buzzing bees about toeir dulky queen.

^ Pope'i Dunciad.

To Conclo'be. v. n. To coalefce into a
round mafs.

Thither they
Hailed with glad precipitance, up-roli'd
As drops on duft congkhing from the dry,

. Milton' i Paradife Loji.

•roCONGLO'MERATE. -v. a. [conglo-
mero, Lat.] To gather into a ball, like a
ball of thread ; to inweave into a round
mafs.

The liver is one irtitconglmr.eralid gland, com-

pofed of innumerable fmall glands, each of whitli

confifleth of foft fibres, in a dlflina or feparatc

convolution. Gmu's Cofmokgia.

Conglo'merate. adj. [from the verb.]

1, Gathered into a round ball, fo as that
the conftituent parts and fibres are dif-
linft.

Fluids are feparated in the liver, and the other
conglobate and conglomerate glands.

Chejne's P hilofo[>bical Principles.

2. Collefted ; nvifted together.

The beams of light, when they are multiplied
an-S congtomnaie, generate heat. Bacon's Nut. H:fi.
Conclomer a'tion, n.f. [from conglo-
merate.^

1, Colleflion of matter into a loofe ball.

2. Intertexture ; mixture.

The multiplication and conglomeration of ibunds
datl> generate lurcfuilttoo of the air.

Batm't t^atural Hifitrj.

CON

To CONGLU'TINATE. <!;.«. [conglutinn,

Latin.] To cement ; to reunite ; to heal

wounds,
fo Conglu'tin ate. v. n. To coalefce;

to unite by the intervention of a callus.
Conclutin a'tion. ».y; [from conglu-

tinate.] The aft of uniting wounded

bodies; rc-union'i healing.

The caufe is a temperate conglutination ; for
both bodies are clammy and vifcous, and do bri^e
the deflux of humours to the hurts.

Bacon's Natural Hijiory.

To this elongation of the fibres is owing the

union or conglutination of parts feparated by a

wound. Arbuthnot on Aliments.

Conglu'tinativb. adj. [from congiu-

tinate.'\ Having the power of uniting

wounds.

Conglutin a'tor. n.f. [from conglu-

thtate.] That which has the power of

uniting wounds.

The ofteocoUa is recommended as a congfatinator

of broken bones. fVoodivard on Fijfih,

Congra'tulant. adj. [from congratu^

late.] Rejoicing in participation; ex«

preffing participation of another's joy.

Forth rufh'd in hafte the great confulting peers,
Rais'd from the dark divan, and with like joy
C^ngratulant approacK'd him, Miltcn.

To CONGRA'TULATE. t;. a. [gratulor,
Latin.]

1. To compliment upon any happy event ;
to exprefs joy for the good of another.

I congratulate Our Englilh tongue, that it ha»
been enriched with words from all our neighbours.

IVatts'i Lozick.

2. It has fometimes the accufative cafe of
the caufe of joy, and to before the perfon.

An eccteliallical union within yourfelves, 1 am
rather ready to congratulate to you, Spratt's Sernt.

The fubjefls of England may congratulate tt
themfelves, that the nature of our government,
and the ckmcncy of our king, fecure us.

Dryden's Preface to Aurengzebe.

To Congra'tulatb. 1/. n. To rejoice
in participation.

1 cannot but congratulate with my country,
which hath outdone all Europe in advancing con-
verfation, ' Umift.

Congr atula'tion, n.f. [from congra-
tulate.]

1 . The aft of profefling joy for the happi-
. nefs or fuccefs of another.

2. The form in which joy for the happi-
nefs of another is profefl'ed.

Congra'tul ATORY. adj. [from congra-
tulate.] Expreffing joy for the good for-
tune oiF another.
To Conor e'e. -v. n. [from gre, French. J
To agree ; to accord ; to join ; to unite.
Not in ufe.

For government.
Put into parts, doth keep in one concent,
Congreeing in a full and natural clofe.

Shakifpeare's Henry V»
To Co N G R e'e T. <v. n. [ from con and greet. ]
To falute reciprocally. Not in ulc.

My ofSce hath fo far prevaii'd,
That face to face, and royjl eye to eye.
You h.ive congrcetid, Shakrfpejre's Henry V.

To CO'NGREGATE. -v. a. [congrego^
Lat.] To colleft togetlier;. to ailemble ;
to bring into one place..

Any multitude of CIrrillian men. congregated,
may be termed by the name of a church. Hooker.

Thefe waters were afterwards ctngrrgated, and
called tlit fea. Raleigh' i HtJIoty of tit IVorld.

Tempea* '

CON

Tempeft* themfelvct, high km, and howling
winds.
The gutter'd rocks and enigrrgtittil dais,
As having fenfe of beauty, do omit
^heir mortal natures. Sbtkefffort't OtbeUo.

The dry land, earth} and the great receptacle
Of ccirgrtgaleJ waters, he call'd leas ;
And faw that it was good. Milton's Paredifc h<fi.

Heat eengregalti bomogeneal bodies, and fcpa-
lates hetcrogcneal ones. h'eaHon's OfyfUks,

Light, cortgregaieJ by a burning glafs, afls nuft
upon fulphureous bodie>> to turn them into lire.

Nnvtcni Oplkh-

To Co'ncregatb. v.ti. To afTemble; to
meet ; to gather together.

He rails,
Ev'n there where merchant* mod do tongregJte,
On me, my bargains. Sbuktfp. Mtrcb.if Vmcc.

"Tis true (as the old proverb doth relate)
Xquals with equals often ccngrtgatc. Dtntani.

Co'ngrbcate. adj. [from the verb.]

Colledled ; compact
Where the matter is moft nrgrtgatc, the cold is

the greater. Bacm^t Natural Hijicry.

Congrega'tion. n.f. [from tengregate.']

1. The aft of collefting.

The means cf teduftion by the fire, is but by
amgregatkn of homogcneal parts. Baan.

2. A coUeflion ; a mafs of various parts
brought together.

This brave o'crhanging firmament appears no
other thing to me, than a foul and peltiient ««-
grrgctlon of vapours. Shakij'ptare.

-3. An affembly met to worfliip God in
publick, and hear doftrine.

The words which the minidcr lirft pronounceth,
the whole fOim-<j«»i(m Ihall repeat after him. Hooker,
The praSice of thofe that prefer houfes before
churches, and a conventicle before the ccrigrega-
lier. South.

If thofe preachers, who abound in epiphonemas,
would look about them, they would find part of
their congregation out of countenance, and the other
ad -cf . Siiifi.

Cvjngreca'tiokal. o/^'. [from congrega-
tion.'] Publick ; pertaining to a con-
gregation or affembly. It is a word
ufea of fuch Chriftians as hold every
congregation to be a feparate and inde-
pendent church.
.CO'NGRESS. n.f. [congreffus, Latin.]

1. A meeting ; a fliock ; a confiift.

Here Pallas urges on, and Luufus there;
Their congrtfs in the field great Jove withdands.
Both doom'd to fall, but fall by grcat.r hands.

Drjdcn's ^ne'id.
From ihefc laws may be deduced the rules of
the congrijjes and rcflctlions of two bodies.

Cbeyue'i PbHo/cLbical Pr'wcifki.

2. An appointed meeting for fctilement
of affairs between different nations : as,
the congrtfs of Cambray.

Concre'ssive. adj. [ from congrcfs. ]
Meeting ; encountering ; coming toge-
ther.

If it be underftood of fetes conjoined, all plants
are f'-malc j and if of disjoined and c:>ngrtjftve
^eiKration, there is no male or female in them.

Brown i Vulgar Errours.

SirCONGRU'E. <i». «. [fromcongruo, Lat.]
To agree ; to be confident with ; to
fnit ; to be agreeable. Not in ufe.

Our lovereign procefs imports at full,

By iMters congruing to that eft'eft.

The prefcnt death of Hamlet. Sbakefp. Hanlef.
Concru'ence. n-/. [congruentie, Latin.]

Agreement ; fuitablcnefs of one thing

to another ; confiftency.
Co NCR u't N T . adj. [congruem, Latin,]

Agreeing ; cotrefpoudent.

CON

Thcfe planes were fo feparitcd as to move upon

a common fide of the longrumr fquares, as an axis.

Cbryniz Pbthfofhical Prmdj>Ui.

CoNGRv'iTY. «./. [from congrue."]

1. Suit.iblenefs ; agreeablenefs,

Congru'ity of opinions t.i our natural conflltution,
is one great incentive to their reception. Clanville,

2. Fitnefs ; pertinence.
A whole fcntcnce may fail of its eongru'ily by

wanting one particle. Sidniy.

3. Confequence of argument; reafon ;
confiftency.

With what congrttitf doth the church of Rome'
deny, that her enemies do at all appertain to the
church of Chiirt ? Hooker.

4. [In geometry.] Figures or lines which
exaflly correlpond, when laid over one
another, are in congruiiy.

Co'n c r u m e n t. n.f, [from cougrut."] Fit-
nefs ; adaptation. Not in u<c.

The coiigrumcnt and harmonious fitting of pe-
riods in a fentcnce, hath almoli the fadening and
force of knitting and connexion.

B^ yonfon't Difecvery.

Co'ncruous. adj. [congruus, Latin.]
I, Agreeable to ; con fiftent with.

The exirtence of God is fo many ways roani-
fcft, and the obedience we owe him lb congruous to
reafon, that the light of a great part of mankind
give teftimony to the law of nature, . Locke.

z. Suitable to; accommodated to; pro-
portionate .or commenfurate.

The faculty is infinite, the objeft infinite, and
they infinitely corgmous to one another.

Cbeyne's PbUofefbical Prineifles.

3. Rational ; fit.

Motives th.1t addrefs themfi-Ives to our reafoh,
are fitted to be employed upon reafonablc crea-
tures ; it is no ways ccngruoui, that God fh'^uld be
always frightening men into an acknowledgment
of the truth. jitreriury

Co'ngruously. ad-v. [from congrnoui.']
Suitably; pertinently; confiftently.

This conjeilure is to be regarded, bccaufe, con-
gruoujly unfy it, one having warmed the bladder,
found it then lighter than the nppofite weight.

Br.yle's Spring oftb-Air.

Co'kjcai..} adj. [conicus, Lntln.'] Hav-
Co'n-ick. 5 '"S t'ls fonn of a cone, or
round decreafing.

Tow'ring firs in conick forms arife,
And with a pointed fpear divide the (kies. Pri'r.

A brown flint of a conick figure: the b«tis i>
oblong. JVccdtCarii.

They are conical vclTels, with their bafcs tuward>
the heart; and, as they pafs on, their di;imctcrs
grow flill lefs. j^rbuthnct.

Co'nically. adv. [from conical.^ In
- form of a cone.

In a watering pot, ft aped conical/y, or like a
fugar-loaf, filled with water, no liquor falls through
the holes at the bottom, wliilft the gardener keeps
his thumb upon the orifice at the top,

Boyle's Spring of the Air.

Co'n I CAi, NESS. n.f. [from fffwVfl/.] The

ttate or quality of being conical.
Co.vjcK Seelion. n.f. A curve line arifing

from the feftion of a cone by a plane.
CoNicK SeHeions. In.f, That part of geo-
Co'nicks. j metry which confiders

the cone, and the curves ariling from its

feftions.

To CONJE'CT. -v. n. [conjeaum, Lat.]
To guefs ; to conjefture. Not in ufe.

I intreat you then,
From one that but imperfcftly conjefls.
Your wifdom would not build yourfclf a trouble.

Sbakejpetire.

CON

Conjk'ctor. n.f. [from eonjeS,] A
gucffer ; a conjefturer.

Kor (o cotjcBors would obtrude«
And from thy painted ikin conclude, Sviif'.

Conje'cturable. adj. [ from cenjeaure. ]

Being the objedt of conjeAtu-e i pofiiWe

to be gueffed,
Cokje'cturai,. adj. [from conje3ure.'\

Depending on conjeflure j faid or done

by guefs.

They'll fit by th' fire, and prcfume to know ^
Who thrives and who declines, fide iiSCioni, and

give out
CtnjeHural marriages. Shalefpeare't Coritltms.

Thou fpeak'ft it falfely, as I love mine honoor.
And mak'ft cu^iBuriKtaxt to come into me.

Sbake)p<aiit.

It were a matter of great profit, fave tbut 1 doubt
It is .too i-sn/'.flara/ to venture upon, if one cooM
difcern what corn, herbs, or fruits, are likely to
be in plenty or fcarcity. Bacon,

The two lafi words are not in Calllmachus, an<
confequently the reft are only ct,n}eBuraI, Btocmc,

CoNjECTURA'tiTY, s.yi [from COHJcHu-
' ral.] That which depends upon guefi.

They have not recurred unto chronology, or the,
records of time, but taken themfclves unto pro-'
babilities, and the ccnjeSunitily of philofophy.

BriKVn's Vulgar Errours.

Conje'cturally. adai . [ from conjeittt-
rfl/.] By guefs ; by conjeftur.e.

Whatfoevcr may be at any time, out of Scrip-
tuiv, but probably and conjcflurally furmifed.

ifwJfr.
Let it be probably, not corjelfurally, proved.

Maine.

Conje'cture. n.f. [conjeStura, Latin.]

1. Guefs; impeifeft knowledge ; prepon-
deration of opinion without proof.

In the calling of lots, a man cannot, upon any
ground of reafon, bring the event (o much as un-
der ccnje^ure. Soutb.

2. Idea; notion; conception. Not now
in ufe.

Now entertain cenjeffure of a time.
When creeping murmur, and the poring dark.
Fills the wide veflel of the univerfe.

Sbakefpeare'^s Henry V.

To Conje'ctu r e. -v, a. [from the noun,]
To guefs ; to judge by guefs ; to enter-
tain an opinion upon bare probability.

When we look upon fuch things as equally may
or may not be, human reafoncan then, at thebeft,
but eonjeffure what will be, " Soutb.

Conje'cturer, n.f. [from conjeSlurc'^
A gueffer ; one who forms opinion with-
out proof.

If we fhould believe very grave eonjeffurers, car-
nivorous animals now were not flelh devourers
tiien. Brcmtin.

I fliall leave nnjtHurers to their own imaglna*

tions. Addifm,

CoNi^FEROUs. adj. [fo/;w andy^ro, Lat.]

Such trees or herbs are coniferous, as bear a
fquamofe fcaly fruit, of a woody fubllancc, and a
figure approaching to a cone, iti which are many
feeds ; and when they are ripe, the feveral cells in
tlie cone open, and the feeds drop out. Of this
kind are the fir, pine, and beech. I^tincy.

To Con'jo'bble. -v. a. [from con, toge-
ther, and_/WvrW, the head.] To con-
cert ; to fettle ; to difcufs. A low cant
word.

What would a body think of a minifter thit
ftnuld cmcttle matters of ftate with tumblers, and
confer politicks with tinkers ? L'EJirangr.

To CONJO'JN, -V. a. [conjeindr^ Fr, con-

jungo, Latin.]
I. To uaite; to confolldate iato one.

Thou

CON

CON

CON

Ttioo wrong'ft Pmthons> and not liim »lone ;
But, while I live, two friends cciycmJ in one.

DryJtn.

2. To unite in marriage.

If either of you 5 ow any inward impediment,
Why you (hould not be nrjcin'il, I charge
You on your fouls to utter it. Stjt, Much Ado>

3. Toaflociate; to conn eft.

Common and oni^eIfal fi>iriEs convey the a^ion
of die remedy into the part, and conjoin the virtue
of bodies far disjoined. Srcwf't t'u/gar Errours.

Men of differing interelU can be recorcilcd i..
one communion ; at leaft, the dcfigns of all can
be coTijoimJ in ligatures of the fame reverence, and
piety, and devotion. Taylor*

Let that which he learns next be nearly ovj/inJ
v»ith what he knows alreaiy. Leckt.

Tfl Cos ja'tN. f. n. To league ; to unite.

This part of hi.
Copjiiia with Diy difejfe, and helps to end me.

Skakffpcari's Henry IV.

GonJoi'nt. fl*^'. [ccnjoint, Fr.] United;
connefted ; afTcnate.

Conjoint Degrees. [In mufick.] Two
notes which immediately follow each
other in the order of the fcale ; as «/
and re. Di3.

CoNJo'iNTLY. adv. [from conjoittt.'\ In
union ; together ; in afibciation ; joint-
ly ; not apart.

A grofs and frequent error, commonly comroit-
nd in the ufe of doubtful remedies, eoejohl/y with
tbof* that aic of approved virtues.

Brawn*! Vulgar Errourt.

The parts of the body, feparatcly, make known

the pafTions of the foul, or elfc anjoirttly one with

the other. Drjden.

Go'nisoa.- See Cocni^or.
CO'NJUGAL. etilj. [ccrjugalls, Latin.]
Matrimonial ; belonging to marriage ;
connubial.

Their ccnjugal iffeiXion ftill is tied.
And llill the mournful race is multiplied.

Dryttent Fables.
1 could not forbear cotr mending tlie young wo-
man {vr her itnjugal affcdlinn, when i fecund that
fle had left the good man at home. Sfidatcr.
He mark'd the roir/K^a/difpute;
Nell roar'd inceflant, Dick fnt mute. Sivift.
Co' N JUG ALLY, atiiv. [from conjugal.]

Matrimonially ; connubially.
To Co'njucate. v. a. [conjugo, Latin.]

1. To join ; to join in marriage ; to unite.

ThofeJrawing as weL marriage as wardfliip,
jare him both power and occaGon to eonjugate at
pleafure the Norman and the Saxon houfes.

fVctl-.f,.

2. To infleft verbs ; to decline verbs
through their various terminations.

Co'kjuoate. n. /. [cenjugatus, Latin.]
Agreeing in derivation with another
word, and therefore generally refem-
bling in fignification.

His grammatic.il argument, grounded upon the
derivation of fpontancous from Jfcrte, weighs no-
thing : we have learned in logick, that corjugalei
are fometiorws in name only, and not in deed.

Bramhu/l't Ar.pwer to Ihhhei.

Conjugate Diamfter, or Axis. [ I n geo-
metry.] A right line bifefting the tranf-
verfe diameter. Chambers.

Conjuoa'tiok. n.f. \conjugatio, Lat.]
I. A couple ; a pair.

The heart it fo farfrom affording nerves unto
other parts, that it rccciveth wry few itfelf from
the fixth conjugaticTi or pair of nerves.

Sro^n't Vu!/^ar Erriurt.

X. The aft of uniting or compiling things
together.

The general and indefinite contemplations and
notions of the elements, and their ctnjugatkns,
are to be fet afide, being but notional, and illimited
and definite axioms are to be drawn out of meafureJ
inllances. Bacon.

All the various mixtures and conjugations ol
atoms do beget nothing. BentUy'i Sermons.

3. The form of inflefting verbs through
their feries of terminations.

Have thofe who have writ fo much about de-
clenfio'iS and cmjugations, about concords and
fyn'axes, loft their labour, and been learned to no
purpofe ? Locke.

4. Union ; affemblage.

The fuppei of the Lji J is the moft facred, myf-
teiious, and uteful conjugation of fecret and holy
things and duties. Taylor.

CONJU'NCT. adj. [conjunaus, Latin.]
Conjoined ; concurrent ; united. Not
in ufe.

It picas'd the king his mafter to ftrike at me.
When he, c^nji/r^ and flattering his difplcafurc,
Tript me behind. Skakefpcare^s King Lear.

CoK ju'nction. n.f. [^conjunSio, Lat.]

1. Union ; alTociation ; league.

With ourfmoil conjuncricn we iliould on,
To fee how fortune is dilpos^d to us.

ShakeJ'feare'i Henry IV.

He will unite the white rofc and the red ;
Smile, heaven, upon hjs ii't conjunBiony
That long hath frown'd upon rh.-ir enmity.

Shaitfj^cares Richard III.

The treaty gave abroad a reput.ition of a ftrltl
conjunfiion and amity between them.

Bacon's Henry VII.

Man can effeft no great matter by his perfonal
Arength, but Xi he adls in fociety and conjunBion
with others. South,

An invifible hand from heaven mingles hearts
and fiuls by ftranje, fecret, and unaccountable
conjurjli^jns. South.

2. The congrefs of two planets in the fame
degree of the zodiack, where they are
fuppofed to have great power and influ-
ence.

Cod, neither by drawing waters from the deep,
nor by any conjunciion of the ftars, Ihould bury
them under\a I'econd flood.

Ratetgh's Hipry of the World.

Has not a poet more viitues and vices within his
circle ? Cannot he obferve their influences in their
oppofitions and conjanBiont, in their altitudes and
depreffnns ? He /hall fooner find ink than nature
exhaufted. Rymer's Tragedies of the lajl Age.

Pompey and Caefar were two flars of fuch a mag-
nitude, that their conjunSun was as fatal as their
oppofition. Sivift.

3. A word made ufe of to conneft the
claufes of a perio<l together, and to fig-
nify their relation to one another.

Clarke.
Conju'nctive. atij. [conjunSli'vits, Lzl.']

1 . Clofely united. 'A fenfe not in ufe.

She 's fo conjun^n'e to my life and foul.
That as the flar moves not but in his fpherc,
I cnuld not but by her. Shahefpcarc's Herri IV.

2. [In grammar.] The mood of a verb,
ufed fubfsquently to a conjunftion.

Conju'nctively. aJ'u. [from conjunc-
tive.] In union ; not apart.

Thcfe are good mediums ecnjunSlively taken,
that is, not one witltout the cjthei.

Brc/zvtt's Vulgar Errcurs,

Covju'kctiveness. n.f. [from conjisnc-
tivt.] The quality of joining or uniting.

Conju'nctly. eiil'V. [from conjitncl.]
Jointly ; together ; not apart.

Conjuncture, n.f. [co/tjonaure, Fr.]

I. Combination of many circumllajvces,
or caufes.

I never met with a more unhappy conjunSun of
affairs than in the bufinefs of that earl.

King Charles,
Every virtue requires time and place, a proper
objed, and a fit conjunBurc of circumftanccs.

Addijon's SpeHator,

2. Occafion ; critical time.

Such cenlures always attend fuch conjunSures,
and find fault for what is not done, as with that
which is done. Clarendon,

3. Mode of union ; connexion.

He is quick to perceive the motions of articu*
lation, and conjunBurcs of let CiS in words.

Holder's Elements of Sfeab,

4. Conliftency.

I was willing to grant to prclbytcry what with

reafon it can pretend to, in a conjunBure withepH"-

copacy. King Charles,

Con jura'tion. n.f. [from conjure. ]

I. The form or aft of fummoning another

in Ibme facred name.

We charge you, in the name of Gcd, take heed :
Under this conjuration fpeak, my lord.

Shakffpeare's Henry V.

z. A magical form of words; an incan-
tation ; an enchantment.

Your conjurationy fair knight, is too ftrong for
my poor fpirit to difobey. Sidney,

What drugs, what charms.
What conjuration, and what mighty magick.
For fuch proceeding 1 am charged withal,
I won his daughter with ? Shakefpeaie't Othello,
3. A plot; a confpiracy. Diil,

To CONJU'RE. -v. a. [coiijuro, Latin.]

1 . To fummon in a facred name ; to en-
join with the higheft folemnity.

He concluded with fighs and tears to conjuri
them, that they would no more prefs him to con-
fent to a thing io contrary to his reafon. Clarendon.
The church may addrefs her fons in the form
St. Paul does the Phllippians, when he conjures
them to unity. Decay of Piety,

I conjure you ! Let him k]iow,
Whate'er was done againft Iiim, Cato did it.

Addifon's Cato,

2. To bind many by an oath to fome
common defign. This fenfe is rare;

He, in proud rebellious arms,
Drew after him the third part of heav*n*s fons,
Con/arV againft the Higheft. Milton' i Par. Lofl,

3. To influence by magick j to afFeft by
enchantment ; to charm.

What black magician foii/'«r« up this fiend.
To flop devoted charitable deeds ?

Shakefftare' s Richard III.
What is he, whofc griefs
Bear fuch an emphafis ? whofe phrafe of forrow
Conjures the wand'ring ftjrs, and-makes them (land ■
Like wonder-wounded hearers ? Shakfp. Hamlet.
I thought their own fears, whofe black arcs firft
raifed up thofe turbulent fpirits, would force thetn
to ccnjure them down again. King Charles. ■

You have conjured up perfons thatexift no where

elfe but on old coins, and have made our paflions

. and virtues vifrbte. AMfon on Ancient Medals,

4. It is to be obferved, that when this
word is ufed for fummon or confpire, its
accent is on the lall fyllable, conjure ;
when for charm, on the firft, conjure.

To Co'n J tj RK. 'v.n. To praftife charms-
■ or enchantments ; to enchant. •

My invocation is honeft and fair ; and in Ilia

miltrcf&'s name I conjure only but to raife up him. «

Shakejpsare's Romeo and 'Juliet.

Out of my door, you witch I you hag,' you

baggage, you poulcat, you runaway ! Out, out^ ,

out ! I'll conjure you, I'll fortunetellyou I

Shakcffearc' s Merry IVifues of IVindfor^ ,
Co'njttrer. n.f. SJ'cQim conjure.]
I . All enchanter i one tliat ufes durms.

Co«d

CON

Good ioQot Pinch, you are a cmjuru- 1
\ Zllablifli him in bis true fcnli: agaio.

SbakfJ^art's CemtJy of Entuii,
Figures io the book
Of fome dread tcrjunr, clut would ciifoicc nature.

Pcfir.r,
Thus has he done you British conforts riglit,
Whofe hufbinds, fliould they pry like mine to-
night.
Would never find you in your condufl flipping,
Though they turn'd ctmjurtn to take you tripping.

2. An impoftor who pretends to fecret
arts ; a cunning man.

From the account the lofer brings.
The conj'rer knows who liole the tilings. Prior.

3. By way of irony, a man of (hrewd con-
jeilure ; a man of fagacity.

Though ants are very knowing, \ don't take
, them t.> be ttrnjunn ; and therefore tbey could not
gucfs that I had put ibme com in that room. jltUiJ,
Co N J u'r e m e n t . n. /. [from conjure.] Se-
rious injunftion; folemn demand.

I /houlil not be induced but by your earncft
intrcatics and fcrious ccnjuremtmt.

Millai en Edueatkn.
Conka'scen'ce. n. /. [con and na/cor,
Latin.]

1. Common birth; produAion at the fame
time ; community of birth.

2. Being produced together with another
being.

Chrillians have baptized thefe geminou; births
and double comafcmchi, as containing in them a
dirtind>ion ot' (bul. Brovun's l^ulgur Eiroun.

3. The aiS of uniting or growing together :
improperly.

Symphafis denotes a cmtiajctntt, or growing to-
B'ther. m/iman.

Conn a'tb. aJJ. [from con and natus, La-
tin.] Born with another: being of the
fame birth.

Many, who deny all emmale notions in the fpe-
tulative intcllefl, do yet admit them in this. South.

Their difpolitions to be reflected, fame at a

greater, and others at a Icfs thicknefs, of thin

plates or bubbles, ate ccnnate with the rays, and im.

routable. Nnvton^s Optich,

Conna'tural. adj. [con and natural. '\

1. United with the being ; conneded by
nature.

Firti, in man's mind we find an appetite
To learn and know the truth of ev'ry thing ;
Which is connatural, and born with it. Dav'tes.

Thefe aft'c<Sions are nmatural to us, and as we
grow up fo do they. VEjirangc.

2. Participation of the fame nature.

Is there no way, befides
Thefe painful pafl'ages, how we may come
To death, and mix with our ccnnatural duft ? Milt.

Whatever draws me on.
Or fympathy, or fome connatural force,
Pow'rfui at greatell diftance to unite
With fecret amity. Miltm's Para Jife Loft.

Connatura'lity. n. /. [from connatu-
ral.] Participation of the fame nature ;
natural infeparability.

There is a eontiaiura/iiy and congruity between
that knowledge and tliofe habits, and that future
eftate of the foul. Ila/e.

Cov^f a'turally. aJv. [from connatu-
ral.] In coexillence with nature; ori-
ginally.

Some common notions feem cmttaturally engra-
veo in the foul, aouccdeotly to difcuOSve ratioci-
nation. Halt.
~ Conn a'tur Ai.NESS. n. /. [fr>^lp conna-
tural.] Participation of the fajne nature ;
natural union.

CON

Such U tlie c'imaiHtaJiitft of our comptioni.
except we looked for an account hercal'ter.

Peatfon oit the Creed.

To CONNE'CT. *•. a. [conneao, Latin.]

1. To join; to link; to unite; to con-
join ; to fallen together.

The corpufdes tliat couttitute the quickfilvrr
will he fo ccnnifltd to one another, that, inllcad of
a fluid body, they will appear in the form of a red
powder. Boj/.:

2. To unite by intervention, as a cement.

The natural order of the comiB'mg ideas niuft
direft the fylligifms ; and a man mult Sec the
connexion of each intermediate idea with thofe
that it coiuuSi, before he can ufe it in a fyllogifm.

Lode.

3. To join in a juft feries of thought, or
regular contUudion of language : as, tie
author connefts bis rcafini luell.

To Conne'ct. 11. n. To cohere ; to have
juft relation to things precedent and
fubfequent. This is leldom ufed but in
converiation.

Con ne'ctively. ad'v. [from <•«««<?.]
In conjundioii ; in union; jointly;
conjointly ; conjunftly.

The people's power is great and indifputable,
whenever they can unite conntliivdy, or by depu-
tation, to exert it. Sivift.

To Con ne'x. v. a, [connexum, Latin.] To
join or link together ; to fatten to each
other.

'I'hofe birds who are taught fome words or
fenienccs, cannot conrex their words or fcntences
in coherence with the matter which they fignify.
Hali's Origin of Mankind.
They fly.
By chains cor.nix'd, and with deftrudtivc fweep
Behead whole troops at once. Ptillps.

Conne'xion. ft./, [from connex ; ox coa-
nexio, Lat.]

1 . Union ; junflion ; the aft of faftening
together ; the Hate of being fattened
together.

My heart, which by« fecret harmony
Still moves with thine, join'd in conmxisn fweet.

Mi/ton.

There muft be a future (late, where the eternal
and infeparable connexion between virtue and hap—
pinefs ihall be manifcftcd. Atteriury.

2. Juft relation to fomething precedent or
fubfequent ; confequence of argumenta-
tion ; coherence.

Contemplation of human nature doth, by a
necertary Carinexiott and chain of caufes, carry us up
to the Deity. tiale.

Each intermediate idea muft be fuch as, in the
whole chain, hath a viiible connexion with thofe two
it is placed between. Lucks.

A confcious, wife, reflefling caufe.
That can deliberate, means eIcA, and find
Their due connexion with the end dcfign'd.

Blackm, Creation.

Conne'xive. adj. [from connex.] Having
the force of connexion ; conjunftive.

The predicate and fubjeft arc joined in a form
of words by connexive particles. Ifatts's Logick.

Connicta'tion. n. /. [from conniHo,
Lat.] A winking. Dia.

Conni'vance. n.j. [from connive.]

1. The ad of winking. Not in ufe.

2. Voluntary blindneis ; pretended igno-
rance ; forbearance.

It is bttcr to mitigate nfury by declaration,
than to fufl'cr it to rage by cor.r.ivance. Bann.

Difobcdicnce, having gained one degree of li-
berty, will demand another : every vice interpret?-
a (OTaivd;)», an appigbatioa* ' Siuib.

CON

A tm»i«j»:t to admit half, will produce ruin.

S^if>.
T» CONNI'VE. 1/. H. [conniveo, Latin.]

1. To wink.

This artift is Co teach them how Co nod judici-
oufly, to cinr.ive with eitlier eye. SfeHalor,

2. To pretend blindnefs or ignorance ; to
forbear ; to pafs uncenfured.

The licentioufncfi of infetiours, and the re-
mifTnefs of fuperiourJ, the one violates, and the
otiter connives. Decay cf Piety*

With whatever coloun he perfuades authority
to ecrniye at his own vices, he will dcfire its pro-
tcftion from the effefts of other men's. Rogers,

He thinks it a fcandal to government to connive
at fuch trads as rejeft all revelation. Sii/ifr,

CONKOISSE'UR, n, /. [French.] A
judge; a critick. It is often ufed of a
pretended critick.

Your IciTon learnt, you'll be fecure
To get the name of eonnoi^cur. S'Ufiftm

To CO'NNOTATE. -v, a. [con and nota,'
Latin.] To defignate fomething befides
itfelf ; to imply ; to infer.

God's forefceingdoth not include or connotate pre-
determining, any more than I decree with my in-
tellei£l, Hammond.

Co.SNOT a'tion. ». /. [from connotate.]
Implication of fomething" befides itfelf;
inference ; illation.

By reafonof the co-exiftcnce of one thing with
another, there arifeth a various relation or connota-
tion between them. Halc^s Origin of Mankind,
Plato by his ideas means only the divine eficnce
with this corrctation, as it is varioufly imitable or
participabic by created beings. Norrit*

To Conno'te. 'V. a. [con. and nota, Lat.]
To imply ; to betoken ; to include.

Good, in the general notion of it, connotes alfo a
certain fuitablenefs of it to fome other thing.

Sositi.
CoNNu'etAL. aJj. [coHttubialis, Latin.]
Matrimonial ; nuptial ; pertaining to
marriage ; conjugal.

Should fecond love a plcafing flame infpiret
And the chafte queen cennuiial rites require.

Pofe's Odvpy.
CO'NOID. n./. [x«>oiiJ»i{.] A figure ipar-
taking of a cone ; approaching to the
form of a cone.

The tympanum is not capable of tenfion as a
drum : there remains another way, by drawing it
to the centre into a conoid form.

Holder's Elements of Speech*

Conoi'dical. adj. [from conoid.] Ap-
proaching to a conick form, to the form
of a round decreafing.

To CONQUA'SSATE. -v. a. [conquaffo,
Latin.] To fliake ; to agitate. Not ia
ufe.

"Vomits do violently conjuajfate the lungs.

Harvey,

Conquassa'tion-w./ [iTOmconqueffate.]

Agitation ; concuflion.
To eCNQUER. t/. a. [conquerir, Fr. cen-

quirere, Latin.]
I . To gain by conqueft ; to over-run ; to
win.

They had conjuercdihtm and brought them un-
der cribute. I. Mac. viii. z.

Welcome, great Stagirite, and teach me novir
All I was born to kmiw ;
Thy fcholar's yiflories thou doft outdo ;
He conquer' J ch' earth, the whole world you. Cnntej,

'Twas fit,
Who f«7yBfr'</ nature, (hould prefidc o'er wit. Pope,
We conjuer'd France, but felt our captive's
charms ;
Their arts viftorious triuroph'd o'er our arms. Pope.

2. To

CON

2. To overcome; tofubdue; tovanquifli.

Both tugging to be v!£lors, bread to breaft ;
Yet neither conqueror nor ccnquercd.

Shakejfeari'z Henry VI.
The conjuerd alfo, and inflav'd by war.
Shall, with their frecuum loft, all virtue lofe
And fear of God. Milton.

Anna cotj^uert but to fave,
And governs but to blefs. Smith*

3. To furmount; to overcome: as, he
conquered his reluSance.

To Co Nc^uER. "J. n. To get the viftory ;
to overcome.

Put him to choler ftralght : he hath been us'd
Ever to conquer and to have his word
Oft' contradiftion. Shakrfpeare' s Coriolanut.

Equal fuccefs had fet thefe champions high.
And both refolv'd to conquer or to die. JValler.

The logick of a ccr.quering fword has no pro-
priety. Decay of Piety.
Co'nquerabi.e. ac/;. [from conjuer.']
Po^ible to be overcome.

While the heap is fmall, and the particulars
few, he will find it eafy and conquerable. South*
Co'nqjjeror. n.f. [from conquer.'^

1 . A man that has obtained a vidory ; a
viftor.

Bound with triumphant garlands will I come.
And lead thy daughter to a cenoueror^s bed.

ShUefftare's Richard III.
The gain of civil wars will not allow
Bags for the conqueror'i crew. Cowley,

A criticlc that attacks authors in reputation, is
as the flavc who called out to the conquerory Re-
member, Sir, that you are a man. AadiJ. Guard.

2. One that fubdues and ruins countries.

Defcrving freedom more
Than thofe their corquerors, who leave behind
Nothing but toin wherefoe'er they rove.

Milton'i Faradife Regained,
Tbat tyrant god, that reliefs conqueror.
May quit his pleafurc to alTert his pow*r. Prior,

Co'KQvzit. n.f. [fo/tfa^^, French.]

1. The aft of conquering; fubjeftion.

A pcrfeft conquejl of a country reduces all the
people to the condition of fubjefls.

Da-uies on Ireland.

2. Acquifition by viftory ; thing gained.

More willingly I mention air.
This our old conquijf; than remember hell.
Our hated habitation. Milton t Paradifc Regairud,

3. Viftory ; fuccefs in arms.

I muft yield my body to the earth.
And, by my fail, the ccnqueft to my for.

Shakeffeare''s Henry VI.

I'll lead thy daughter to a conqueror's bed ;
To whom I will retail my conqueji won.
And (he (ball be fole vi^refs. Shak. Richard III.

Not to be o'ercome, was to do more
Than all titectnqtiejii former king; did gain. Dryd.

In joys of cmquiji he re(igns his breath.
And, (ill'd with England's glory, fmiles in death.

Addijw.

CONSANGUI'NEOUS. aJj, [co»/a«gui-
neus, Latin.] Near of kin ; of the fame
blood ; related by birth ; not affined.
Am I not con/a nguineou if Aminotofhcrblood ?

Shaieffeate.

Cons.vncui'nity. It./, [confangninitas ,
Lat.] Relation by blood ; relation by
defcent from one common progenitor ;
nearnefs of kin : diftinguifhed from aj/i-
nity, or relation by marriage.

Vvt forgot my father ;
I know no touch of eorfanguinity,

Shekrjftare'i Troilui and Crtjfid.i,

There is the fapremc and indilTcluble conjan-

guin'ty and focicly between men in general j of

which the heathen poet, whom the apoftle calls to

witncfs, faith, We aie all bis generation.

Bann'i Hoh IVar.

Vol. I.

CON

The firft original would fublift, though he out-
lived all KrTn&of confanguinity, and became a Gran-
ger unto his progeny. Bro-wn's Vulgar Errcun.
Chrift has condefcended to a cognation and ccn-
far.guinity with us. South.

CoNSARCiN a'tion. It,/, [from confar-
cino, Latin, to piece.] The aft of patch-
ing together. Dil3.
CO'NSCIENCE. n.f. [con/cientia, hzt.]

1. The knowledge or faculty by which we
judge of the goodaefs or wickednefs of
ourfelves.

When a people have no touch o{ confcience, no
fenfe of their evil doings, it is bootlcfs to tliink to
reftrain them. Sfenjer.

Who againU faith and confcience can be heard
Infallible .' Milton's Pamdije Loji.

Confcience has not been wanting to itfelf in endea-
vouring to get the cleared information about the
will of God. South.

But why muft thofe be thought to 'fcape, that
feel
Thofe rods of fcorpions, and thofe whips of ftecl,
Which confcience (hakes .' Creech' t Juvenal,

No courts created yet, nor caufe was heard j
But all was fafe, for confcience was their guard.

Dryden'i Ovid.

Confcience ngni(ics that knowledge which a man
hath of his own thoughts and anions ; and be-
caufc, if a man judgeth fairly of his actions by
comparing them with thelawof God, his mind will
approve or condemn him, this knowledge or con-
fcience may be both an accufcr and a judge. Stvift.

2. Juftice ; the eftimate of confcience ;
the determination of confcience ; ho-
nefty. This is fometimes a ferious, and
fometimes a ludicrous fenfe.

This is thank-worthy, if a man, for corfcience
toward God, endure grief. i Peter, ii. 19.

Now is Cupid a child of confcience; he makes
reftitution. Shakeffeare's Merry fVivei offVindfor.

He had, againit right and confcience, by Ihameful
treachery, intruded himfelf into another man's
kingdom. KnoUes.

What you require cannot, in confcience, be de-
ferred beyond this time. Milton,

Her majedy is obliged in confcience to endeavour
this by her authority, as much as by her praftice.

Sivifl.

3. Confcioufnefs ; knowledge of our own
thoughts or aftions.

Merit, and good works, is the end of man's
motion ; and eonfcieice of the fame is the accom-
pli(hment of man's icft. Bacon.

The reafon why the (implcr fort are moved with
authority, is the confcience of iheir own ignorance.

Hooker,

The fwceteft cordial we receive at UH,
Is corf-ience of our virtuous aftions pitt, Denham,

Hcdlor was in an abfolute certainty of death, and

deprelTcd with the confcience of being in an ill caufe.

. _ Pofe.

4. Real fentiment ; veracity ; private
thoughts.

Doft thou in confcience think, tell me, JP.na\\i,
That there be women do abufc their hulbands
In fuch grofi kind ? Stakeffeare'i Othello,

They did in their confcitneei know, that he was
not able to fend them any part of it. Clarendon.

5. Scruple; principle of aflion.

We muft make a confcience in keeping the juft
laws of fupcri'iurs. Taylor 1 Holy Living.

Why (hnuld not the one make as much confcience
of betraying for gold, as the other of doing it for
a cruft } L'Efirtinge.

Children are travellers newly arrived iu a ftr.ingc
Country ; we (hould therefore make confcience not
to iniflead them. Locke,

6. In ludicrous language, reafon; reafon-
ablenefs.

Why doft thou weep ? Can'ft thou \he confcience
lack,
To think I fliall Uck friends .' Shakeff, Tmon,

CON

Half a dozen fools are, in all confcienn, as r ■ , »

as you ftiould require. 67; rjjk^

Conscie'ntious. ac/J. [from confcience. '^^
Scrupulous ; exaftly jntt ; regulated by
confcience.

Lead a life in fo corfcient'ioui a probity, as in
thought, word, and deed, to make good the cha-
rafter of an honed man. L'Eflrange,

Conscie'ntiously* ad'v. [from cen/ci-
en/ious.] According to the direftion of
confcience.

More (ircfs has been laid upon the ftriflneA of
law, than confcientioufly did belong to if. L' Efiran,

There is the erroneous as well as the li^jiitly
informed confcience ; and, if the confcience hap-
pens to be deluded, (in does not therefore ceafe to
be (in, becjufeaman comtnitted it cotfcientioujly .

South,

Conscie'ntiousness. n. f. [from cen-
fcientious.'] Exaftnefs of juftice ; tender-
nefs of confcience.

It will be a wonderful confcicnt'icufnefs in them,
if they will content themfelves with lefi, pro(it than
they can make. Loc'kc,

Co'nscionable. adj, [from confcience.]
Reafonable ; juft ; according to con-
fcience.

A knave, very voluble ; no farther confcionalle
than in putting on the meer form of civil and
humane feeming. Shakefpeart.

Let my debtors have confcionable fatisfaftion.

Wotton,
Co'nscion ableness. n, f. [from con-
/cionable.l Equity; reafonableuefs. DiS.
Co'nscionably. adu, [from confcion^
abk.'\ In a manner agreeable to con-
fcience ; reafonably ; juftly.

A prince muft be ufed confcionahly as well as ■
common perfon. Taylor' t Holy Living,

Co'nscious. at//, [confcius, Latin.]

1. Endowed with the power of knowing
one's own thoughts and aftions.

Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not
confcious of its own evidence. BentLy's Sermons.

Among fubftances, fopoe are thinking or con-
fcious beings, or have a power of thought.

IVatts's Logick.

2. Knowing from memory ; having the
knowledge of any thing without any
new information.

The damfel then to Tancred fent.
Who, confcious of th' occafion, fear'd th' event.

Dryd.n.

3. Admitted to the knowledge of any
thing : with to.

The reft ftood trembling, ftruck with awe divine j
>Eneas only, confcious to the (ign,
Prefag'd th' event. Drydcn't Mneii.

Kofcs or honey cannot be thou^hc to fjiiell of
tafte their own fwcetnef?, or an organ be confcious
to its mufick, or gunpowder 10 its dalhing or noife.
Bentley's Sermons.

4. Bearing witnefs by the diftate of con-
fcience to any thing.

The queen had been folicitous with the king on
liis behalf, being confcious to hcrl^lf that he had
been encouraged by her. Chrctidon.

Co'nscious LY. ad-v. [from confcious. "[
With knowledge of pnc's own aftions.

If thcfc perceptions, with their confcioufnefs,
alw.nys remained in the mind, the fime thinking
thing would be always confcioufly prefent. Lockt,

Co'nsciousness. tt.f. [{tomco>!/cious.'\
I. The perception of Vr-hat pafles in a
man's own mind, Lockt.

If fpirit be without thinking, I have no idea of
any thing left j thcieforc confcioufnefs muft be its
eQ'cntial attribute. - ffetts't Logiek,

t D 2. In.

CON

* Internal fenfe of gailt, or inflocence.
No min doubts of a Saprcme Being, until,
from the cmfthufrtji of his proTocitions, Ic be-
come his iatcrell there diould be none.

Gtvcrnmtnt eflht Tongue.
Such ideas, no doubt, they would have Bad,
had not their cmfchufnefi to themfelve', of their
ignorauce of them, kept them from fo idle an at-
tecipt* Lvcke.

An honeft mind is not !n the power of a diflio-
neft : co break its peace, theic muft be foroc guilt
or confdoufttefi* Vo^'

Co'nscript. adj. [from fow/Z-r/'/'ff, Lat.]
A term afed in fpeakine; of the Roman
fcnators, who were called Patres con-
fcripti, from their names being written
in the regifter of the fenate.

CoNSCRi'pTiON. ti.f. [con/criptio, Latin.]
An enrolling or rcgiftering. Di^.

To CO'NSECRATE. v. u. [confecro, Lat.]

1 . To make facred ; to appropriate to fa-
cred ufes.

Enter into the holieft by the blood of Jefus, by
a new and living way which he hath ccnftcralcd for
us. Htb. X. zo.

Shall I abufe this anficrtted gift
Of fticngth, again returning with tny hair ? Mill.

A bifhip ouglit not to confeerate a church which
the patron has built for filthy gain, and not for
true devotion. A^Vtffe.

2. To dedicate inviolably to fome particu-
lar purpofe, or perfon : with to.

He ftall onfccrett unto the Lord the days of
his feplration, and (hall bring a lamb of the firft
year for a trefpafs ofF;:ring. Numb. vi. 12.

3. To canoni7,e.
Co'nsecrate. adj. [from the verb.]

Confecrated; facred; devoted; devote;
dedicated.

The water ccnficrati for facrifice
Appears a'l black. TfaVer.

Siiouldil thou but hear I were licentious ;
And rhnt this body, cor.fecrsu to thee,
By ruffian luft fhould be contaminate.

Shaktjptare i Coimdy of Erreurs.

The cardinal, {landing before the choir, lets

tJiem know that they were alTembled in that ron-

ficrate place to fing unto God. Bacori'i Henry Vil,

Into thcfe fecrct fhades, cried ihe,
How dar'd thon be fo bold

To enter, canfecrate to me ;
Or touch this hallow'd mold ? Drayton's Cynthia.

Co'nSECR ATOR. «. / [from confccrate.'\
One that performs the rites by which
»ny thing is devoted to facred purpofes.

Whether it be not againft the notion of a fa-
crament, that the conjecraior alone fhould partake
of it. Atterhury.

Consecra'tion. n. f. \^xaTs\ tottfurate.'l

4. A rite or ceremony of dedicating anil

devoting things or perfons to the fervice

of God, with an application of certain

proper folemnities. AyUffis Par.

At the ertftion and eonficraihn as well of the

tabernacle as uf the temple, it pleafcd the Almighty

to give a fign. lloiker.

The tenfeerat'ion of h'.s God is upfln his heaJ.

Numi. vi. 7.

We mult know that eonfecraian makes not a

place facred, but only folemnly declares ic fo : the

g'ft of :he owner to' Cod makes it God's, and

confe^uentiy facieJ. South..

8. The aft of declaring one holy by ca-
nonization.

The calendar fwclls with new tenftcrttiom of

faints. //«/f.

CO'NSECTARY. adj. [from confeaarius,

Lat] Confeqaent ; confcquential ; fol-

iewin^bjT confcquence.

CON

From the Inconfiftent md contrary determina-
tions thereof, eonjeaery impieties and conclufions
may arife. Brown.

Co'NSBCTARy. n.f. [from the adjeftive.]

Deduftion from premifes; confequence;

corollary.
Thefe propoGtions are confiffarlet drawn from

the obfervations. fVoodiuarA's Natural Hijloh/.
Consecu'tion. «./. [ccn/ecudo, Latin.T
1. Train of confequences ; chain of <Ie-

duftions; concatenation of propofitions.

Some confrcutions are fo intimately and evidently
cotinexed to or found in the premifes, that the
conclulion is attained, and without any thing of
ratiocinative progrefs. HaJt.

z. SuccefTion.

In a quick confmikr. of the colours, the im-

preflton of ever)- colour remains in the fenforium.

NetatQn's Oftich.

3. In aftronomy.

The month of coirficulhn, or, as fome term it,
of progreffion, is the fpacc between one conjunc-
tion of the moon with the fun unto another.

Brtnvn's Vulgar Errours.

The mooh makes four quarterly fcafont within
her little year, or month of confecution. Holder,

CONSE'CUTIVE. adj. [co>i/icuti/, Fr.]

Following in train ; uninterrupted ;
fucceffive.

That obligation upon the lands did not come
into difufe but by fifty conjtcui'me years of exemp-
tion. Arbuthnci 'in Coi':3.

2. Confequential ; regularly fucceeding.
This is feeming to comprehend only the aftions
of a man, cofifnuthie to volition. Lovke.

Conse'cutively. adv. [from confecu-
ti've.\ A term ufed in the fchool phi-
lofophy, in oppofition to antecedently,
and fometimcs to effeai'jely or caufally.

Diil.

To Conse'minate. f. a. [con/emino, La-
tin.] To fow different feeds together.

Conse'nsion. n. /. [con/ert/io, Latin.]
Agreement ; accord.

A great number of fuch living and thinking
particles could not poffibly, by their mutual con-
taft, and prcffing and ftriking, compofe one greater
individual animal, with one mind and undcrftand-
ing, and a vital cinfenjion of the whole body. Btnilty.

CONSE'NT. n.f. [ccn/en/us. Latin.]

1. The aft of yielding or confenting.

I am far from excufmg or denying that compli-
ance ; for plenary conjent it was not. King Cfarliu.

When thou canft truly call thefe virtues thine,
Ee wife and free, by heav'n's eonfent and mine.

Dry Jen' t Per/.

2. Concord ; agre?ment ; accord ; unity
of opinion.

The fighiing winds would ftnp there and admire.
Learning «»/«»/ and concord from his lyre.

Cotvt. DaviJeis.

j. Coherence with; relation to; corre-
fpondence.

Demons fpund
In fire, air, flood, or under ground,
Whofe pnwfr hath a true cf>nfent
With planet, or wilh element. Milion.

4.. Tendency to one point ; joint opera-
tion.

Such is the world's great harmony, that fprings
From union, order, full rt»/fi(» of things. Pofe.

5. In phyfick.

The perception one part has of another, by
means of fome fibres and nerves common to them
both ; and thus (he (lone in the bladder, by velli-
cating the fibres ihert^ will aflirft and draw them
fo into (pafms, as to aficil the bowels in the fame
manner by the tBterfflcdiatim 0/ nervous tikreids,
{

CON

and C1U& a colick ; and extend tbeir twiches fdine'
times to the ftomacb, and occafion vomitings.

^iney.

To Cokse'wt. v. ft. [con/entio, Latin.]

1 . To be of the fame mind ; to agree.

Though what thou tell'ft fome doubt within me
move.
But more defire to hear. If thou eonfent,
The full relation. Milton,

2. To co-operate to the fame end.

3. To yield ; to give eonfent ; to allow ;
to admit : with to.

Ve comets, fcourge the bad revolting ftarj
That have cmfented unit Henry's death.

Shattrffrtre't Henry VI.

In this we eonfent unto you, if ye will be as we be.

Genefis,

What in deep thou didft abhor to dream.
Waking thou never wilt eonfent to do. Mi/ton,

Their num'rous thunder would awake
Dull earth, which does with hcav'n eonfent
To all they wrote. Waller.

Consenta'neous. adj. [ eoitfentaneus,
Lat.] Agreeable to ; confiftent with.

In the piQure of Abraliam facrificing his fon,
Ifaac is defcrJbed a little boy ; which is not eon-
fenijneoui unto the circumftance of the text.

Brown's Vtilg4r Eircurs,
It will coft no pains to bring you to the know-
ing, nor to the praQice ; it being very agreeable
and confentaneous to every one's natuie.

Hammond's Praliica! Cateehifm.

Consenta'neously. adv. [from confen-
taneous.1 Agreeably; confidently; fuit-
ably.

Paracelfus did not always write fo confcntaneoufly
to himfelf, that his opinions were confidently to be
collefled from every place of his writings, where he
fcems to exprefs it. Boyle,

Consenta'neousness. n. f. [from «»-
fentancous.'] Agreement ; confiftence.

Dia.

Conse'ntient. €iJj. [eonfent ietis.'L^un.']
Agreeing ; united in opinion ; not dif-
fering in fentiment.

The authority due to the confentient judgment
and pradicc of the univerfal church.

Oxford Reajons agairji the Covenant.

CO'NSEQUENCE. ». /. [ confejuentia,

Latin.]
I . That which follows from any caufe or

principle.
8. Event ; efFeft of a caufe.

Spirits that know
All mortal confequences have pronounc'd it.

Sbakeffteare's Macbeth,
Shun the bitter eorfequen'e\ for know,
The day thou eateft thereof, thou (halt die.

Milton, ■

3. Propofition colleftcd from the agree-
ment of other previous propofitions j
deduftion ; conclufion.

It is no good confijuence, that feafon aims at
our being happy, therefore it foibids all voluntary
fulfeiings. Decay of Piety.

4. The laft propofition of a fyllogifm : aj,
tuhat is commanded by cur Saviour is our
duty ; prayer is commanded-, conf. tberefort
prayer is our duty.

Can fyllogifm fct things right ?
No, majors foon with minors fight;
Or, both in friendly confort join'd,
The eonfquence limps falfe behind. Pr'ttr,

5. Concatenation of caufes and effefts ;
confecution.

Sorrow being the nataral and dirciS offer of fin,
that wljich firft brought fin into the world, muft,
by BecciTary covfequetce, bring ia forrow tgo. South.

1 fcl(

CON

CON

...CON

I felt
Tint I muft after thee, with tliis thy fon !
Such fatal consequence unites us three.

M:lion'i Farntiifr hoji.

%. That which produces confequences ; in-
fluence ; tendency.

Aflerted without any colour of fcripturc-proof ;
it is of ver^' ill c^rftquence to the fuperftfudling of
good life. HammmJ.

7. Importance; moment.
The ioftrumeat, of dtrknefi
Win us wi th h^jneil criHe^, to 1 e:ray us
In deepeft cunjetjueme, Shahfpeitre's Machctb*

The anger of Achilles was of luch ctnjrjuince,
that it embroiled the kings of Greece.

jiJiliUn^i SpeEiator.

Their people are funk in poverty, ignorance, and

cowardice ; and of as little Cinfc(^uence as women

and children. Sivift,

Co'KSEqj-'ENT. eu/J. [confiquens, Latin.]

1. Following by rational deduftion.

2. Following as the effeft of a caufe : with
10.

It was not a power poflible to be inherited, be-
eaufe the right was conftftieni 10, and built on, an
aft perfeflly perfonal. Locke.

3. Sometimes with upon.

This fatisfaflion or difTatisfadion, tmjejueni
upon a man's acting fuitablr cu- unfuitably to con-
fcience, is a priiiciple not e.>lily u be worn out.

South.
Co'nseqjjent. n.f.

1 . Confequence ; that which follows from
previous propoiitions by rational deduc-
tion.

Doth it fallow that they, being not the people
of Cod, arc in nothing to be tuUawed ? This
cen/equent were good, if only the cullom of the
people of God is to be nbferved. Iloiier.

2. Effedl; that which follows an ailing
caufe.

1 hey were ill paid ; and they were ill governed,
which is always a conffjuent of ill payment.

Da-vies on heljnd.

He could fee cDnfefuents yet dormant in their

principles, and effedls, yet unborn. South.

Conseque'ntial. aJJ. [ from confequent. ]

1 . Produced by the neceffary concatena-
tion of effeds to caufes.

We fomi:times wrangle, when we fliould debate j
A tonjtqueni'tal ill which freedom draws ;
A bad ef^d, but from a noble caufe. Prhr,

2. Having ths confequences juftiy connect-
ed with the premifes ; conclufive.

Th>ugh thcfe kind of arguments may fecm cb-
fcurc i yet, upon a due confideration of tiicm,
they arc highly confejuenlhl and concludcnt to my
purpofe. ^ Ha!e't Origin c/Maniii.J.

CONSECiUE'KTI ALLY. «</.!;. [from CO/t/e-
quenlia/.'j

1. With juft deduftion of confequences ;
with right connexion of ideas.

No body writes a book without meaning fomc-

thing, though he may not have the faculty of

writir,g confijuential/y, andcxpreffing hi* meaning.

j^ddijans IVhig Exumher.

2. By confequence ; not immediately ;
eventually.

This relation is fo ncccflary, that God himfelf
cannot difchargc 3 rational creature from it ; al-
though conjrrjuentwlly indeed he may do fo, by the
annihilation of fuch creatures. Sctib.

3. In a regular feries.

Were a man a king in his dreams, and a beggar
awake, and dreamt Cinfrqumiially, and in continued
unbroken fchemes, would he be in reality a king
or a beggar ? Mdifon.

CoNSE(y;E'NTiALNEsa. n.f. [from con-
fiqiieniial.] Regular confccution of dif-
courfe. Diii.

Co'njeQjjBNTi.Y. Wa*. [from ct)ti/eqtient.'\
I. By confequence; neceffariJy ; inevita-
bly : by the connexion of effeds to their
caufes.

In the moft perfeft poem a perfeft idea was re-
quired, and confe^tdcittly all poets Ought rather to
imitate it. Drydtti.

The place of the fcvcral forts of tcrreftrial mat-
ter, fuftiincd in the fluid, being contingent and
unceitain, th:ir intermixtures with each other are
£Oiifegucrt/y fo. H^oodtvard.

z. In confequence ; purfuantly.

There is ccvjtquemly, upon this diftJnguilhing
principle, an inward fatisfaSion or diflitisfaftion
in the heart of every man, after good or evil. South.

Co'nseqj/enTness. n. /. [from «»/?-
ya<r«/.] Regular connexion of propor-
tions ; confecution of difcourfe.

Let them examine the i-sfr/cyMtnrw^ of the whole

body of the doctrine I deliver.

Dighy on the Soul, Dedication.
Conse'rvable art)', [from conjir'vo, Lat.

to keep.] Capable of being kept, or

maintained.
Conse'rvancv. n.f. [from canfervans,

Lat.] Courts held by the Lord Mayor

of London, for the prefervation of the

fifliery on the river Thames, are called

Courts of Confervancy.
Conserva'tion. n.f. [ct»ifervatio,lAt.'\

1 . The aft of preferving ; care to keep
from perilhing ; continuance ; protec-
tion.

Though there do indeed happen fome alterations
in the globe, yet they are fuch as tend rather to
the benefit and confervjticn of the earth, and its
productions, than to the diforder and deftruftion
of both. ff'iodtvard'i Natural Hijlory.

2. Prefervation from corruption.

It is an enquiry of excellent ufe, to enquire of
the means of preventing or ftaying of putrefadlion ;
for therein confideth the means of confcrvati'jn ot
bodies. ' Bacon^s Natural liijlory.

Conse'rvative. adj. [from confer'va, La.-
tin.] Having the power of oppofing
diminution or injury.

The Iphcrical figure, as to alt heavenly bodies,
fo it agreeth to light, as the moft perfect and con-
fer'vjtive of all others. P-eacham.

Conserva'tor. n.f. [Latin.] Preferver;
one that has the care or office of keeping
any thing from detriment, diminution,
or extindtion.

For that you declare that you hjvc many fick
amongft you, hp was warned by the cotifervator of
the city, that he fhould keep at a diflance.

Bacon 3 New jitlantis.

The lords of the fecret council were likewjle
made ecnjcr-uatori of the peace of the two king-
doms, during the intervals of parliament. Clarcr.d.

Such Individuals as are the fingle corfervaton of
their own fpecics. Jiale's Origin of Mankind.

Conse'rvatorv. n. f. [from confer'vo,
Lat.] .A place where any thing is kept
in a manner proper to its pccaliar na-
ture, as, fifh in a pond, corn in a gra-
nary.

A cor.jtrvatory of fnow and ice, fucb as they ufe
for delicacy to cool wine in fummer.

Bacon' I Natural llijiory.

You may fct your tender trees and plants, wirh
the uiiidowb and doors of the greenhoufcs and
eonjir ualoritt open, for eight or ten days before
April. E-jflyn^i KaUrttar.

The water difpenfod to the earth and. atmolphsrc
by the great abvfi, that fubterranean confer-ualory,
is by that meant leftored back.

ff'u'dtvjrd'l Nftturttl Ujjiory.

Conse'rvatorv. aJj. Having a prefer-
vative quality. Dia.

To CONSE'RVE. -r. a. [conftrnjo, Latin.]
I. To preferve without lofs or detriment.

Nothing was loft out of thcfe ftores, fince the
art of can/cvcing what others have gained in know-
ledge is eafy. ' TfirjU:

They will be able to conferve their properiiei
unchanged in pafiing through feverai mediums;
which is another condition of the rays of I'ght.

NiWIoii's Opii'.h.

%. To candy or pickle fruit.
Conse'rve. n.f. [from the verb.]

1. h fweatmeat made of the infpiirated
juices of fruit, boiled with fugar till
they will harden and candy.

Will 't pleafe your honour, tafte of thefe con-
ferves f Spfkejfeare.

They have in Turky and the Eafl certain con-
fedlions, which they call fcrvcts, which are like to
candied cottj'er'vesj and are made of fugaf and le-
mons. Bacon* s Natural Hifiory.

The more co(t they were at, and tiie more
fweetsthey bellowed upon them, the more their foe-
fer-jes Hunk. Dennn.

2. A confervatory or place in which any
thing is kept. This fenfe is unufual.

Tuberofes will not endure the wet of this fej-
fon i therefore fet the pots into your cotrferve, and
keep them dry. E-jilyn's Kateudar.

Conse'rver. n.f. [from conferve.^

1 . A layer up ; a repofiter ; on^ that
prcferves any thing from lofs or dimi-
nution.

He hath been moft induftrious both colledlor
and confcrver of choice pieces in that kind.

Ilayicard.

In the Eaflcrn regions there fcems to have been
a general cuftom of the ptiells having been the per-
petual confervcri of knowledge and llory. Temple.

2. A preparer of conferves.
Conse'ssion. n.f. Ico/ifJ^OyLiUa.] A

fitting together.
Conse'ssor. n.f. [Latin.] One that fits

with others, Di^.

To CONSl'DER. -v. a. {confidero, Latin.]

1. To think upon with care ; to ponder ;
to examine ; to fift ; to ftudy.

At our more conftdcrd time we'll read,
Anfwer, and think upon this bufinefs.

Sbakefpeare' t Httvtht.

2. To take into the view ; not to omit in
the examination.

It fcems necclfiry, in the choice of perfons far
greater empl-.yments, to covjider their bodies as
well as their minds, and ages and health as well as
their abilities. "-TctnpU,

3 . To have regard to ; to refpefl j not to
defpife.

Let us confider one another to provoke unto love,
and to good works. ^ Ihhn-ws. x. 24.

4. Jn the imperative mood it is a kind of
interjedion ; a word whereby attention
is fuininoned.

Corjlthrf
Thy life hath yet been private, moll part fpcnt
At home. Miltoii'i Paradife Regained.

5- To requite ; to reward one for his
trouble.

Take away with thee the very fen-ices t'lou ha4
done, which if I have not enough conjidercd^ to be
more tliankful to thee rtiall be my ftuJy.

Shjkcjpeare'i Hunter's tali.

To Consi'der. v. II.
I. To think maturely j notw judge haftily
or raflily.

None t'^n/dirctb in hi: heart, ncttlier is there
knowledge DOC under/landing, IJaiaii, xliv. 1.

3 D 2 z. Ta

CON

2. To deliberate ; to work in the mind.

Widow, we will ccrjultr of your fuit ;
. And come Come other time to know our mind.

■Sbjifff^are*s Henry VI.

Such a treatife might be coniultej by jurymen,

before they ttr.Jid<r o( their verdiA. Swift,

3. To doubt; to hefitate.

M^iny max'd eati/jturings did throngs
Andprtrs'd in with this caution. Stai.H.VlU.

'Twas grief no more, or grief and rage were one
Within her foul ; at lalt 'twas ragi? alone j
Which, burning upwards, in fuccenian dries
The te .rs that Itood arfijcring in her eyes.

Dryiicn^i Fjbfit*

CbNsroERABtE. at(/. [from lonfiJcr.]

1. Worthy of confideration ; worthy of
regard and attention.

I Eternity is infinitely the moft ccnJUeraile dura.

ti«n. liJUffon.

It is arJiiltraHe, that feme urns have had in-

fcriptions on them, exsr^fling that tlie lamps were

burninj. jynyim.

2. Refpeftable ; above negleft j deferving
notice.

■Men nrifidcrable in all worthy profcflions, emi-
nent in many ways of life. Sfratt'i Strmons.

I am fo cofjidcrablt a man, tliat ] cannot have
lefs than forty fliiUingi a year. Miilf. Frctbuldir.

3. Important ; valuable.

Chrift, inftead of applauding St. Peter's zeal,
upbraided his abfurdity, that could think his mean
aids cmfdcrabli to him, who could command Ic-
gions of angels to his refcue. Dicay cf Piety.

In painting, not every aQion, nor every perfon.
Is ccitfidirablt enough to enter into the cloth.

DrydtrCi Dufrefr.oy.

Many can make thcmfelves maftcrs cf as ccn-
JiJcrtbU cftates as thofe who have the grtateft por-
tions of land. Addij'cti.

4. More than a little. It has a middle
fignification between little and great.

Many brought in very eotifidtrabU fums of mo-
J5cy. C/arfrrdott,

Very probably a cmfiJtrabJe part of the earth is
jTt unknown. H^ilkins.

Thofe earthy particles, when they came to be
colledled, would conflitute a body of a very «»-
Jidtrable thickncfs and folidity.

Burnet's Thecry of the Earth.
Every cough, though fevere, and of fome con-
Jiderable continuance, is not of a confumptive na-
ture, nor prefagcs dilTolucion and the grave.

Blacltmi>re.
Consi'derableness. n.f. [from conji-
tlerahle.'\ Importance; dignity; mo-
ment ; value ; defert ; a claim to notice.

We mull not always meafure the ccnfiderableneJ!
of things by their mod obvious and immediate
ufefulncfs, but by their (itnefs to make or contri-
bute to the difcovery of things highly ufeful.

Bcyh.
Their moft flight and trivial occurrences, by
being theirs, they think acquire a cmfderahleneji,
and are forcibly impofed upon the company.

Gcvcratnent of the Tongue.

Consi'dehablv. aJv. [from conftdtr-

aHt.-\
I. In a degree deferving notice, though

jiot the iugheft.

And Europe fltll cortfidcrahty gains
Both by their good example and their pains.

^tf common.

«. With Importance ; importantly.

I defire no fort of favour fo much, as that of

ferving you more anfidcrably than I have been

yet able to do. Pope.

Consi'derance.' «. / [from ccnjtiier.']

Confideration ; refleflion ; fobcr thought.

After this cold confidereKce, fentence me ;
And, 3s you ate a king, fpeak in your Hate
Ttut 1 liave duac that milbccame my place.

Sbakefpiare's Httiry IV

CON

CoNSi'ocilATE. adj. [cenJiJeratui, Lat.]

1 . Serious ; given to confideration ; pru>'
dent ; not rafh ; not negligent.

I will converfe with iron-witted fools,
And onrefpcilive boys : none are for me,
That lojk into me with conJiJerale eyes.

Sbakeffeart'i Richard III.

iEneas is patient, eonjidoale, and careful of hii
people. Diyden'i Fablet, Preface.

I grant it to be in many cafes certain, that it is
fuch as a confde*-are man may prudently rely and
proceed upon, and hath no ju{l caufe to doubt of.

Tillolfon.

The expediency, in the prefent junfiure, may
appear to every conf derate man. Mdif.n.

2. Having refped to ; regardful. Little
ufed.

Though they will do nothing for virtue, yet
they may be prefumcd more conftjerate of praife.

Decay of Piety.

3. Moderate ; not rigorous. This fenfe is
much ufed in converfation.

Consi'derately. adv. [from conJiJe-
rale.'\ Calmly; coolly; prudently.

Circumflances are of fuch force, as they fway
an ordinary judgment of a wife man, not fully and
confidcratcly pondering the matter.

Bacon's Colours of Good and Evil.

Consi'derateness. n. f. [from conji-
dirate.'\ The quality of being confi-
derate ; prudence. Di£l.

Consider a'tion. n.f. [from f«»^d'?r.]

1 . The aft of confidering ; mental view ;
regard ; notice.

As to prefent happinefs and mifery, when that
alone comes in confideration^ and the confequenccs
are removed, a man never chufcs amifs. Locke,

2. Mature thought; prudence; ferious
deliberation.

Let us think with eonfidcralion, and confider with
acknowledging, and acknowledge with admira-
tion. Sidney,

The breath no foonerleft his father's body.
But that his wildnefs mortified in him ;
Ccnjideralion, like an angel, came,
And whipt th' oifending Adam out of him.

Slatejfeare'i Henry V.

3. Contemplation ; meditation upon any
thing.

The love you bear to Mopfa hath brought you
to the confideration of her virtues, and that con-
fideration may have made you the more virtuous,
and fo the more worrhy, Sidney.

4. Importance ; claim to notice ; worthi-
nefs of regard.

Lucan is the only author of confderation among
the Latin poets, who was not explained for the
ufe of the dauphin; becaufe the whole Pharfalia
would have been a fatire upon the French form of
government. Addijon's Freeholder.

5. Equivalent; compenfation.

We are provident enough not to part with any
thing fcrviceable to our bodies under a good confi-
deration, but make little account of our fouls.

Ray on the Creation,

Foreigners can never take our bills for pay-
ment, though they might pafs as valuable confide-
raticns among our own people. Locke.

6. Motive of aftion ; influence ; ground
of conduft.

The confideration, in regard whereof the law
. forbiddeth thefe things, was not becaufe thofe na-
tions did ufe them. Hooker.

He had been made general upon very partial,
and not enough deliberated, c^nf deration!, Clarend,

He was obliged, antecedent to all other confide-
rati'.ns, to fearch an afylum. Dryden,

The world cannot pardon your concealing it, on
the fame corfideratien, Dryden.

CON

7. Reafon ; ground of concluding.

Not led by any commandment, yet movtd with
fuch confderations as have been before fet down.

Hooker,

Ufes, not thought upon before, be reafonable
caufcs of retaining that which other confiderations
did procure to be inllituted. Hooker,

8. [In law.] Confideration is the material
caufe of a contrail, without which no
contraft bindeth. It is either exprefled,
as if a man bargain to give twenty
(hillings for a horfe ; or el(e implied, a«
when a man comes intoi an inn, and
taking both meat and lodging for him-
felf and his horfe, without bargaining
with the hoft, if he difcharge not the
houfe, the hoil may Hay his horfe.

Co^vell.
Cohfsi'DERER. n, /, [{wm con/der,^ A
man of refleftion ; a thinker.

A vain applaufc of wit for an impious jeft, or
of reafon for a deep confd.rer.

Government of the Tongvf^

Consi'derinc. [This is a kind of con-
junftion : it had been more grammati-
cally written confidered ; -vu, French ;
but confidering is always ufed. j If allow-
ance be made for.

It is not poflible to aft otherwife, confdering
the weaknefs of our nature. SpeSlarcr,

roCONSI'GN. 'V. a, [configno, Lil.)

1. To give to another any thing, with the
right to it, in a formal manner ; to
give into other hands ; to transfer :
fometimes with /o, fometimes over to.

Men, by free gift, confgn over a place to the Di-
vine worfliip. South,

Muft I pafs
Again to nothing, when this vital breath
Ceafmg, confgns me o'er to reft and death ? Prior,

At the day of general account, good men are
then to be ccnjigmd vuer to another Ai^x, a ftate of
everlafting love and charity. Atterlur-^.

2. To appropriate ; to quit for a certain
purpofe.

The French commander ctm/lgned it to the ufe
for which it was intended by the donor.

Drydtn's Fables, Dtdicalion,

3. To commit ; to entruft.

The four evangelifts confgned to writing that
hiftory. Md'ijon.

Atridcs, parting for the Trojan war,
Conjign'd tha youthful confort to his care.

, Pofe'sOdyfTey.

To CONSI GN. V. n,

1. To fubmit to the fame terms with an-
other. This is not now in ufe.

Thou haft linilh'd joy and moan ;
All lovers young, all lovers muft
Confign to thee, and come to duft. Shakeff, Cymi.

2. To fign ; to confent to. Obfolete.

A maid yet rofed over with the virgin crimfoa
of modefty : it were a bard condition for a maid
to conjgn to. Shakefpeare.

Consiona'tion. n.f, [from <■<?«/%«.]

1. The aft of configning ; the aft by
which any thing is delivered up to an-
other.

As the hope of falvation is a good difpofition
tpwards it, fo is defpair a certain con/ignation to
eternal ruin. Taylor.

2. The aft of figning.

If we find that ve incrcafe in duty, then we
may look upon the tradition of the holy facra-
mcntal fymbols as a direft conjignaiion of pardoA.

Taylor's tyortby Communicant,

CoNSi'cNMENT. ff.y. [from ««/%«.]
I. The aft of configning.

z. The

CON

CON

a. The writing by which any thing is con-
figned.

Consi'milar. <2^'. [from cd»/tmilis, La-
tin.! Having one sommon refemblance.

Dia.

To CONSI'ST. v. n. icotifipo, Latin.]

1 . To fubfift ; not to perifli.

He is befoie all tWiigs, and by him all things
cmfiji. . CdJ'wvi.

2. To continue fixed, without diffipatjon.

Flame doth not mingli with flame, as air doth
with air, or water with water, but only remaineth
contiguous; as it Cometh to pafs betwixt corfifilng
bodies. Bacon's Natural Hijicry.

It is againft the nature of water, being a flexible
and ponderous body, to ci>i:Jjfi and ftay itfelt', and
not fall to the lower parta ab jut it.

Brerivuxd en Lannaga.

3. To be comprlfed ; to be contained.

1 pretend not to tie tbc hands of artiils, whofe
Ikill {nfps only in a certain manner which they
have aflfcfled. Drydcn.

A great beauty of letters does often corjlft in
little paiTages cf private comxrfation, and refe-
rences to particular matters. tf'eljh,

4. To be compofed.

The land would cuvjiji of plains, and vallies, and
mountains, according as the pieces of this ruin
were difpofed. Burrct.

5. To have being concurrently ; to co-
exift. ••

Neccflity and elcQion cannot ccv/tft tjSjether in
the fame aft. Bramlall <i^»%* Ihbiis.

6. To agree ; not to oppofe ; not to con-
tradict; not to counteradl: itYizs ivith
before the thing compared, or coexiftent.

Hii majelly would be willing to conf-nt to any
thing that could ciiffji ■with his confcicnce and
hunour. C/ciritta'.n.

Nothing but what may t*Si\y4tn/J} tvilh your
plenty, your profperity, if reijuclled of you.

Sj>rart't Sermons,

You could not help bellowing more than is
emfiftirg tvith the fortun ; of a private man, or with
tiie will of any but an Alexander.

Dryilen's Talks, Diiicathr.,

It cannot rtii/^ lUj/A the Divine Atitii.utes, that
the impious man*8 joys lliould, upon thr whole,
exceed thofe of the upiight. Aiterbury.

Health ctmfifis •with teir.ferance alone. Ptft.

The only way of fecuring the conllitution wlU
be by lelTening the power of domeftick advcrfaries,
as much as can corfif lu'ilb lenity. Sviift,

CoNsi'sTENCE. la. /. [coiijtjlentia, low
Co N s I's T E N c Y . 3 Latin.]

1. State with rcfped to material exigence.

Water, being divided, maketh many circles, till
it reftore itfelf to the natural eon/flenci,

Baccti't Natural Hrjicry,

The onjiftncin of bodies are very divers : denfe,
rare, targible, pncumatical, volatile, Hxed, deter-
minate, indeterminate, hard, and foft.

Bacon's Natural HlJIory.

There is the fame necefliry for the Divine in-
fluence and regimen, to order and govern, conferve
and keep together, the univerfe in that confijience it
hath received, as it was at firft to give it, ijefore it
could receive it. Hales Origin of ManHnd.

I carried on my enquiries farther, to try whether
this rifing world, when formed and liniOied, would
continue always the fame, io the fame form, ftruc-
ture, and tmfiftency. Burnet.

2. Degree of dcnfencfs or rarity.

Let the expreflcd juices be boilei into the cott-
fjlenee of a fyrup. jlrhuihmt cnAlimems.

3. Subftance ; form ; make.

Hi* friendfliip is of a noble make, and a laftir,-
ewfifiercj' 6'oa/i'i Sertnons.

4. Durable or lading <l.'\te.

Meditation will confirm rcfoluiionsof good, and
give ihem a durable cinfijicnce in the foul, hiatnmonj.

Thsfe are fundamental trutiis that He tt the
bottom, the bails upon which many others reft,
and in which they have their cmjijienciti teeming
and rich in flore, with which tliey furnifli the
mind. Locke.

5. Agreement with itfelf, or with any
other thing; congruity ; uniformity.

That unlijiency of behaviour, whereby he in-
flexibly puifues thofe mcafures which appear the
moft juft and equitable. AMfin's FrecbiUer.

6. A Hate of reft, in which things capable
of growth or decreafe continue for fonie

-time at .1 ftand, without either; as the
growth, confijhnce, and return. Chamb.
Con si's TENT. adj. \j:onftJiens, Lat.]

1. Not contradiiElory ; not oppofed.

With reference to fuch a lord, to terve, and to be
free, are terms not corjijieni only, but eijuivalent.

Scittth.
A great part of their politicks others do not
think canjijlinl with honour to piaftife.

AJJiJn en Italy.
On their own axis as the planets run.
Yet make at once their circle r und the fun ;
So two I'jnfjient motions afl tlie foul.
And one regards itfelf, and one tiie whole.

Pope's EJfays.
Shew me one that has it in his power
To aft ccnjtjlenl with himfelf an hour. Fope.

Tlie fool corfP^nt, and the fallc fincere. Pofi.

2. Firm; not fluid.
Peftilential miafms Infinuate into the humoral

and ccmfjlir.i parts of the body.

Harvey on Confumptions.

The fand, contained within the ftell, becoming

folid and coK/tftent, at the fame tiiiie that of the

ftratum without it did. H^wduiard's Nat. Hjf..

CoNSl'sTENTLY. adv. [ftom confiJicnt.'\

Without contradidlion ; agreeably.

The Phcenicians are of this charafter, and the

poet defcribcs them cmji^ently with it ! they are

proud, idle, and efl'eminate. Brume.

Consisto'rial. adj. [from confijiorj.']

Relating to the ecclefialtical court.

An ofticial, or chanccliir, lias the fame carjijlo-
rial audience with the bilhop himfelf that dt-putes
him. Ayliffc's Panrgon.

CO'NSISTORY. «./ [coKfyhrium, Lat.]

1. The place of juftice in the court Chrif-
tian. Coive/l.

An offerwas made, that, fcreveryone mitiifter,
tlierc (hould be two of the people to fit and give
voice in the cccleliailical confiJl:ry. Hooker^ VrcJ.

Pius was then hearing of caules in eonfijiory.

Bacon.

Chrift himfelf, in that great eonfijlory, (hali
deign to ftcp down from his tlirone. South.

2. The aflembly of cardinals.

How farl''.e proceeded,
Or how far further fhall, is warranted
By a cummiflion from the co?t/fJhry,
Yea the whcle cBnJiJi'ry of Rome. Shak. II. VIII.
A late prelate, of remarkable xeal for the
church, were religions to be tried by lives, would
have lived down the pope and the whole ccnjijlory.

jitlerbury.

3. Any folemn aflembly.

In mid air
To council fummons all his mighty peers
Within thick clouds, and dark, tenfold involv'd,
A gloomy ccnfjiory, MihorCs Paradife Regained.

At Jove's aflcnt, the deities around
In folemn llate the confijiory crown'd.

Pope's Slalius.

4. Place of refidcnce.

My other felf, my counfel's rimj!jhry, my oracle,
1, as a child, will go by thy direction.

Shakefpeare's Richard 111.

CoNSo'ciATE. ». /. [from fo/i/'oao, Lat.]
An accomplice ; a confederate ; a part-
ner.

CON

Patrldge and Stanhope were condemned as een-
ficialcs in the cunfpiracy ol Som -ffct. liuyward.

To CONSO'CIATE. -v. a. [cottfocio.hzu]

1. To unite ; to join.

Generally the belt outward (hapes are alfo the
l-kclicrt to be confiiioted with good inward facul-
ties, ff^eiion on Education^

2. To cement ; to hold together.

The ancient philofophers alwajs brought in a
ftipcmatural principle to unite and cot/ociate the
parts of the chaos. Burnet*

To CoKso'ciATE. 'V. n. To coalefcc ; to

unite.

If they cohered, yet by the next confliS with
other atoms they raiijht be fcparaced again, with-
out ever conjocialirg into the huge condenfc bodies
of planets. Bcnf ley's Sermons.

CoNsoci a'tion. n./. [from ton/ociate.]

1. Alliance.

There is fuch a confociation of offices betNveen
the prince and whom his favour breeds, that they
may help to fuftain his power, as he their know-
ledge. Ben 'jonpjn's Difccveries*

2. Union; intimacy; companionlhip.

By fo long and i\i various conji^jiation with a
prince, he had now gotten, as it were, two lives in
his own fortune and greatnefs. ^ iVoiton.

Conso'lable. adj. [{xoxa confole.'] That

which admits comfort.
To Co'nsolate. -v. a. [con/olor, Latin.]
To comfort ; to confole ; to footh in
mifery. Not much ufed.

i will be gone,
That pitiful rumour may report my flight.
To confolate thine ear.

Sbakfff tare's jiiri well that ends -welh
What may fomewhat conjolate all men that
honour virtue, we do not difcover the latter fccno
of bis mifery in authors of antiquity.

Brown's fulgar En ours.
Consola'tion. »./. [ccnjhlatio, Latin.]
Comfort ; alleviation of mifery ; fuch
alleviation as is produced by partial re-
medies.

Wt, that were in the jaws of death, were now
brought into a place where we found nothing but
eon/olations. Bacon,

Againft fuch cruellies,
With inward ccn/olaiions recompens'd ;
And oft fuppnrted fo, as (hall amaze
Their proujeft perfecytors. Milton's Paradije Lcfl.

Let the ilj^hcoous perfevcre with patience, fup-
ported with this conj'olatien, that their labour (hall
not be in vain. Rogers,

Consola'tor. «./. [Lat.] A comforter.
Conso'latoky. n./. [fTomcon/olaie.'\ A

fpeech or writing containing topicks of

comfort.

Confolatories writ
With fludied argument, and much perfuaflon

fought.
Lenient of grief and anxious thought.

Milton's Agonijles.
Conso'latory. adj. [from confolate.^

Tending to give comfort.
To CONSO'LE. 11. a. [cett/olcr, Lat.] To
comfort ; to cheer ; to free from the
fenfe of mifery. .

Others the fyren fifters compafs round.
And empty heads confole with empty found.

Pope's DunciaJ.

CONSO'LE. n.f. [French.] In architcc
ture, is a part or member projedling in
manner of a bracket, or fhoulder-piece,
ferviiig to fupport a cornice, buft, vafe,
beam, and frequently ufed as keys of
arches. Chambers.

Conso'ler. n.f. [ftom con/ole.] One that

gives comfort.

Pride

«. To grow firm.

CON

Pride once more jppeirt upon the ftsgf, as tht
grtat tnjtltr of the mifcrics of mair.

CcmwcKt, en FaJ>**i BJJay on Man*

C O N s o' L I D A N T . aJj . [ fro m coiifolidalc, ]

That which has the quality of uniting

wounds.

To CONSOLIDATE. i'. a. [con/oliJer,

Fr. khdus, Latin.]
I . To form into a compaft and folid body ;
to harden ; to ut(ite into a folid mafs.

The )vor<l maybe rendered, eitlicr he ftretchrd,
or he fixed and tcnjMani, the earth above the
WJters. Burnt' i Tbtcry.

The eSeft of fpirits in flopping hemorrhajjcs,
and ctrjilidalivg the fibres, is well known to chi-
rurgeons. Arhuthnot.

z. To combine or unite two parliamentary

bills into one.
To Conso'lidate. v.

hard, or foJid.

In hurts ar.d ulcers in the head, dryncis maketh
thcai more .npt to cnJMate. Bactn s Nat. Hifiory.

The fandy, fparrj , and flinty matter was then
fofr, and lufccptlblc of any form in theft (helly
moulds J and it cotJoliJaUtl and became hard after-
wards. TP^oodivard^ i Nat. Hi/Jwy,
Consolida-'tion. It./, [from con/olidale.'\

1. The aft of uniting into a folid mafs.

The confcl'idathn oi the marble, and of the Hone,
did not fall out at random, ffvulward^ Nat. H!/!.

2. The annexing of one bill in parliament
to another.

3. In law, it is ufcd for the combining and
uniting of two benefices in one. Coivell.

Conso'lio ATivE. adj. [from co>t/olidalt.'\
That which has the quality of healing
wounds. Di^.

Co'nsonance. In./. [ cottfonance, P'r.

Co'nson ANCY. J cen/onanSf'LaX..']

1. Accord of found.

The two principal cmfonanca that mod ravifli
the car, are, by the content of all nature, the fifth
and the o&ave. H^nnn.

And winds and waters fiow'd
In ccnfttnana. Tbomfon^i Spring.

Z, Confiftency ; congruence ; agreeable-
nefs.

Such dccifions held confonancy and congruity
with refolutions and dccifions of former times.

HaiVs Laiu cf England.

I have fet down this, to Ihcw the perfeft anfo-
Tottcy of our pf rfecuted church to the doftrinc of
fcripture and anti<juity. Hammond en Fundamentals.

3. Agreement ; concord ; friendftiip. A
fenfe now not ul'ed.

Let me conjure you by the rights of our fellow-
ihip, by the cmjomsncy of our youth.

Sba/uffcare's Hamlet.
CO'NSONANT. adj. {confinans, Lat.]
Agreeable -, according ; confident : fol-
lowed by either vuith or to.

Were it confinani unD reafun to divorce thefe two

fentenccs, the former of which doth (hew how the

latter is TCdraioed. tiKktr.

That where much is given there ihall be much

required, is a thing confon.m -witk natural equity.

Dttay of PUly.

Religion looks eenfnattt to itfelf. Duay of Puly.

He Jifcovers how confsnant the account which

Mofei hath left of the primitive earth, is 10 this

from nature. lyesd'ward.

Co'ksonant. «./. [ton/onani, Latin.] A
letter which cannot be founded, or but
imperfeilly, by itfelf.

In all vowels the pafl'agc of the mouth is open
and free, without any appullcof an organ of fpccch
to another : but in all eonf/nants there is an appulfe
ef the organs, fomctioics (if you abllraft the

CON

einfen.inli from the vowcli) wholly preclu<t!ng all
fiund i and, in all of them, more or Icfs checkjii;;
and abetting it. llMr's Eln:(nr>ofSf:c.L'

He confiJered thefc at they bat a jrcitcr mix-
ture of vo«tls or eon/marls, and accordingly em-
ployed them aj the vcrfe required a greater frnooth-
ncfs. I'oje'i Fflhy em iloir.tr.

Co'nsonantlt. ad-v- [from con/cnant .]
ConfiHeiuly ; agreeably,

1 his as cQnJfnantly it preacheth, teachetli, and
dclivercih, as if but one tongue did fpcak f >r all.

Hooler,

Ourfch'c'i are formed according to tliat mind

which frames things corjmantly to their refpeftive

natures. Glan^ilU" i Si\pfi,

If he will {ptik confinamff to himfelf, he mu.1

fay that happened in tlie original couftitution.

TiL'otfin.

Co'nson antness. n.f. [horn con/onaiit.'\
Agreeablcnefs ; confiftency. Di<li.

Co'nsonous. ad/, \confome!, Lat.] Agree-
ing in found ; fymphonious.

CoNsopi a'tion. n.J'. [(rom. cov/opio, La-
tin.] Theaftof laying to ileep. Little
in ufe.

One of his maxims is, that a total abftinence
from intemperance is no more philofophy, than a
total confijiiatkn of the fenfes is rcpofe.

Dighy to Poje.

CO'NSORT. »./ [cofi/crs, Latin. It had
antiently the accent on the latter fylla-
ble, but has it now on the former. Milton
has ufed them both.]

1. Companion; partner; generally a part-
ner of the bed ; a wife or hulband.

FellowHiip,
Such as I feek, fit to participate
All rational delight ; wherein the brute
Cannot be human ccnfort. Milton.

Male he created thee, but thy confort
Female for race : then bicfs'd mankind, and faid,
Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth.

Milton"!, Puradife Lofi.

Thy Bellona, who thy conjt^rt came
Not only to thy bed, but to thy fame. Denbam.

He fingle chofe to live, and fliunnM to wed.
Well pleas'd to want a confort of his bed.

Drydcn'i Fabla.

His warlike amazon her hoft invades,
Th' imperial conjorl of the crown of fpades. Pofe.

2. Anaflembly; a divan; aconfultation.

In one confort there fat
Cruel revenge, and rancorous defpite,
Difloyal treafon, and heart-burning hate. Fairy S^

3. A number of inftruments playitg toge-
ther ; a fymphony. This is probably a
miftake for concert.

A conjijrt of mufick in a banquet of wine, is as
a fignct of carbuncle fet in gold. Ecclus. xxxii. 5.

4. Concurrence ; union.

Take it lingly, and it carries an air of levity ;
but, in ccnjorl with the reft, has a meaning quite
different. • AiurLury.

To Conso'rt, v. n. [from the noun.] To
aifociate with ; to unite with ; to keep
company with.
What will you do ? Let's not confort with them.

Hbaktf/earc.
Which of the Grecian chiefs confora with thee ?

Dryden.

To Conso'rt. <v. a.

1. To join; to mi.t ; to marry.

He, with his ccnfoitcd Eve,
The ftory heard attentive. Aiilion't Paradife LcJI.
He begins to confort himfelf with rrvcn, and
thinks himfelf one. Loike on Educatiun.

2. To accompany. Not ufed.

I'll meet wfth ynu upon the mart.
And afteiwaid anfori you till bed time. Sbekefj^.

CON

Conso'r TABLE, atfj, [froiH conjirt.] To
be compared with ; to be ranked withj
fuitable. Not ufed.

He was (o'lj'-rieiU to Charles Brandon, under
Hei:ry VIII. who was equal to him. IVutten.

Conso'rtion. ». /. [coiifortiOf Latin.]
Partnerlhip ; fcUowfiiip ; fociety. Diet.

Cons? e'ct ABLE. adj. [from confftSm,
Latin.] Eafy to be feen. Did.

CoNSPECTu'iTy. ». f. [from coe/ptilus,
Latin.] Sight; view; fenfe of feeing. '
This word is, I believe, peculiar to
Shake/peare, and perhaps corrupt.

What harm can your biflbn ccnfj-e^iuiiies glean
out of this character ? Sbakefpcirc'i Ccriolanui,

Conspe'rsiok. n./. [co/i/perfio, Lat.] A
fprinkling about. Dii3.

CoNspicu'iTV. tt. /. [from cottjpicuous.j
Brightnefs ; favonrablenefs to the fight.

If this definition be clearer thin the thing de-
fined, midnight may vie for coajficuiiy with noon.
ClaitviJIe's Sce^Jis.

CONSPl'CUOUS. adj. [con/picuus, Lat.]

1 . Obvious to the fight ; feen at a diftance.

Or come I \^h conjpicuous ? Or what change
Abfents thee ? MUton'i Paradife LoJ},

2. Eminent; famous; dilUnguifiied.

He attributed to each of them thafvirtuc which
he thougiit moH confyicuoui in them.

Drydenz ^uvenaly Dedication.
Thy father's merit points thee out to view,
And fc s th*'e in the faireft point of light.
To make thy virtues or thy faults confpiaious.

yTddifon'i Cato.
The heufe of lords,
C'ifpicuous fceoe ! Pope's Epift. of Horace,

Co N s p I'c uous L V . ad-v. [from con/ficuous.'\

1. Obvioufly to the view.

Thefe methods may be preferved confpicucujly,
and intirely diftinfl. Walls's Logickt

2. Eminently ; famoufly ; remarkably.
CoNSPi'cuousNESs. ti. f. [ffom con/pi-

cuous. ]

1 . Expofure to the view ; ftate of being
vifible at a diftance.

Looked on with fuch a weak light, they appear
well proportioned fabricks ; yet they appear lb but
in that twilight, which is rcquifite to their ctij'pi.
cuoujncfs. Boyle's Proem. Pjjay,

2. Eminence; fame; celebrity.
Their writings a^trad more readers by the au'.

thor's anffuucufncjs. Boyle on Colours,

Conspi'racy. n.f. [coit/piralio, Latin.]
I . A private agreement among fcveral

perfons to commit fome crime ; a plot;

a concerted treafon.

O cenfpiracy !
Sham'ft thou to (hew thydang'rous brow by night,
W hen evils are moft free ? SbatcJ'p. Julius Cafar,

1 had forgot that foul conspiracy
Of the beaft Caliban, and his confed'rates,
Againlt my life. Shakejpeari's Temfcfl,

When fcarcc he had efcap'd tlie blow
Of faftion and aufpiracy.
Death did his promis'd hopes deftroy. Drydea,

;. In law, an agreement of men to do
any thing ; always t-iken in the evil
part. It is taken for a confederacy of
two, at the leaft, falfely to indidl one,
or to procure one to be indiftcd, of fe-
lony. Co-ivcl/.

;. A concurrence ; a general tendency of
many caufes to one event.

When the time new came that mifery was ripe
for him, there was a confpira.y in all heavenly and
earthly things, tu frame tic occaGens to lead him
unto it. Sidnry.

The

CON

Th« tJr appearing fo malicious !ri this mortjific
ccnffiracy, exails a more particular regard.

Har-vey on C'jrjumptions,

Conspi'rant. adj. [con/pirans, Latin.]
Confpiring ; engag )g in a confpiracy
or plot ; plotting.

Thou arc a traitor,
O"!^/™*/ 'gainft this high illuftrious prince,

Shakcfpeare"! King hear.

CoNSPiR a'tion. Tt.f. [coi/firaliii, Lat.]
An agreement of many to one end.

One would wond:r how, from fo differing pi-c-
mifes, they fliould infer tiie fame concluiion, v.-ere
It not that the ccnjpiration of intercft were too po-
tent for the diverlity of judgment. Decay cf PJc'v
Co.vspi'r ATOR. i:./. [from con/piro, La
tin.] A man engaged in a plot ; one
who has fecretly concerted with others
commilSon of a crime ; a plotter.

Achitophel is among che cmjpirtton with Ab-
falom. I Samud.

Stand back, thou manifeft cenfpiranr %
Thou tliat coQtrtv'ft tt> murder our dread lord.

Sbakcfftarci Henry VI.
But let the bold eovfpir^ltr beware ;
For beay'n makei princes its peculiar care.

, Drydm's Sfanijh Friar.

One put into his hand a note of the whole con-
fpiracy againft him, together with ail the naines of
the cin/f^irar^rt. Scutb,

To CONSPI'RE. v. n. [conJ}iro, Lat.]

1 . To concert a crime ; to plot ; to hatch
fecret treafon.

Tell me what they deferre.
That do nnffire my death with devili/h plots
Of damned witchcraft. &haktj. Richard III.

What was it
That mov'd pale CaHius to rorfpire?

Shaiiffean'i Ar.f.ny and CUifatra.

They took great indignation, and anfpind ajainft

th- king. ' Ap'!-.ryph.i.

Let the air be excluded j for that undermineth

the body, and eon/pinlh with the fpirit Of the body

to diflblve it. Baem,

There ia in man a natural poffibility to deftroy

the world ; that i$, to ionjpire to know no woman.

Bn-wi't I'ulgar Ernur:.

Th; prefs, the pulpit, and the .lagc,

Cctijfire to ccnfurt and expofe our age. Rojam-mn,

2. To agree together : as, a// ll/ings con-
fpire to make him hapfy.

So moift ar.d dry, when fhoebas fhinn,
Cm/piritig give the plant to grow, Hiigh.

Conspi'rer, «. / [{torn con/pire.'\ A
confpirator ; a plotter.

Take no care,
Who chafes, who frets, and where c'jrjpirfn are :
Macbeth (hall never vanijtilh'd be. Siai. Macb.

Conspi'ring Ponu&s. [In raechanicks.]
All fuch as aft in direftion not oppofite
to one another. llnrris.

Co N s p u R c a't I o.v. a. y. [from con/purco,
Latin.] The acl of defiling ; defile-
ment ; pollution.

CaNSTABLE. a./ Icomti ftabuli, zi\t
if fuppofed.]

I, Lord high conJlabU is an ancient officer
of the cro-.vn. The fonftion of the (on-
_/?aiAf of England confiHed in the care of
the common peace of the land in deeds
of arms, and in maiters of v.ar. To
the court of the conjiabh and marlhal
■belonged the cognizance of contr.iils,
deeds of arms without the realm, and
combats and blafonry of arms within it.
The firil cenflabU of England was creat-
ed by the Contiucror, and the office coii-
tinaed hereditary till the ihiri«cnth of

CON

Henry VIIL when it was laid afide, as
being fo powerful as to become trouble-
fome to the king. From thefe mighty
magiftrates are derived the inferiour con-
Jlables of hundreds and franchifes ; two
of whom were ordained, in the thir-
teenth of Edward I. to be chofen in
every hundred, for the confervation of
the peace, and view of armour. Tiiefe
are now called high conjiabks ; becaufe
continuance of time, and increale both
of people and offences, h<tve occafioned
others in every town of inferiour autho-
rity, called petty conflables. Belides
thefe, we have conftMes denominated
from particular places ; as, conjlable of
the Tpwtr, of Dover Caftle, of the Cajile
of Carnarvon : but thefe are properly
cafl:llani, or governours of cafiles.

Ccivell. Chambers.

When I caitie hither, I was lord high c^r^flable.

And duke of Buckingham ; now psor Edward

Bohun. Sbakcfpcarc.

The knave conJlMe had fet me i' th' ftocks,
i' th' common ftocks, for a witch.

Shahff earl's Merry PKives of JVindfcr.

The eonjtable being a fobcr man, and an enemy
to fedition, went to obferve what tiiey did.

Clarend'^n.

2. To over-run the ConsTk^hT.. [perhaps
from conteftable, Fr. the fettled, firm,
and Hated account.] To fpend more
than what a man knows himfelf to be
worth : a low plirafe.

Co'kstableship. //./. \irom conjlable.']
The office of a conftable.

This keeperihip is annexed to the conjlahlfjhif
ai the caftle, and that granted out in leafe.

^ Carezj's Survey of Ojrnivall.

Co'kstancy. n.f. [conJlantia.'Lzlm.]

1 . Iminut.-ibility ; perpetuity ; unalterable
continuance.

The lavvs of God himfelf no man will ever deny
to be of a ditferent conftitution from the former,
in refpeft of the one's ccmjlncy, and the mutabi-
lity of the other. Hooker.

2. Confiflency ; unvaried ftate.

Incredible, that corjlancy in fuch a variety, fuch
a muldplicity, /hould ix che rcfult of chance.

Rayon the Creation.

3. Refohtion ; fif-mnefs ; fleadinefs ; un-
Ihaken determination.

In a fmall ille, amidft the wideft Teas,
Triumphant ahjiuncy has fix'd I\cr feat ;
In vain the fyrens fing, the tempers bear. Prioi.

•I-. Lafliiig afteftlon ; continuance of love,
or friendiliip.

Cirfiancy is fuch a ftabiliry and firmnefs of
friend/hip, as ovi-rl)jks a:id piflis by Idibr fai-
lures of kindncfs, and yet ftill retains the fjine
habitual good-will to a friend. South.

5. Certainty; veracity; reality.

But all the (lory of the right told ov6r,
More witneffeth thiii fancy's images.
And grows to fomeihirg of great cot.Jiancy,
Bjt, however, (Irangeand admirable. Sbatifprare.

CO'NSTANT. adj. \_co,,Jlan,, Latin,]

1. Firm; fixed; not fluid.

If y.iu t.-ikc highly teaiiied fpirit of wine, and
d-jiiilegmed fpirit of uiiue, and mix them, \ou
may euro ttcfe two fluid liquors into a cunfiant
body. Boylii llifiiry of rirtnr.cfi.

2. Unvaried ; unchanged ; immutable ;
durable.

The '.vorld 's a fcenc of change:, and to be
CenJIaat, in nature were imronftancy. dw.'ey.

CON

3 . Firm ; refolute ; determined ; immov-
able ; unihaken.

Some ihrewd contents
Now fteal the colour from Baifanio's check :
Some dear friend dead ; clfe nothing in tlie world
Could turn fo much the conftitution
Of any conjlant man. Shakcjp. Mirchatit ofyciiice.

4. Free from change of affedion.

Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained
cciiflant friends, Sidney.

5. Certain ; not various ; fteady ; firmly
adherent : with to.

Now through the land his care of fouls he
ftretch'd.
And like a primitive apoftle preach'd ;
Still cheerful, ever ccnftant to his call ;
By many foUow'd, lov'd by moft, admir'd by all.

Drydtn.
He Ihewed his firm adherence to religion, as
modelled by our national conftitution j and was
cenjlani to its offices in devotion, both in pablick,
and in his family. Mdifon! Freeholder.

Co'nstantly. adv. [ itom, conftant.l
Unvariably ; perpetually ; certainly ;
fteadily.

Ic is ftrange that the fathers fliould never ap.
peal ; r.ay, that they ffiould not cor.Jlantly do it.

TiHotfiit.
To CONSTE'LLATE. v. «. \_conJlcllat,is ,
Latin.] To join luftre ; to Ihine with
one general light.

The fevcral things which engage our afl'jftlons,
dn, in a tranfcendent manner, ffiine forth and ctm-
flelJatt in God. Boyle.

To Constk'llate. v. a. To unite fe-
veral lliining bodies in one fplendour.

Great conftitutiors, and fuch as are conf.eliateJ
into knowledge, do nothing till they outdo all.

Broivn'l y'ulgar Errours.
Thefe fcattc:ed perfeflions, which were divided
among the feveral ranks of inferiour natures, Wi.-e
fummcd up and conftellated in ours.

CUnvilU'sScepJit.
Constella'tion. ti.f. [From co/t/l.'llaie.}

1. A clufterof fi,xed ftars.

For the ftars of heaven, and the roKjleHutktt
thereof, fliall not give their light. Ifaiah, xiii. lo.

The earth, the air, refounded j
The heav'ns and all the conjlt'latims rung,

Milton' i Paradife Left.
A cottfteltaliin is but one ;
Th)ugh 'tis a train of ftars. Dryiicn.

2. An aflemblage of fpendoufs, or excel-
lencies.

The condition is a corftellation or conjunflure of
all diofe gofpcl graces, Jaith, i.opr, charity, felf-
denial, repentance, and the reft.

HaimKiid s PraBical Cateetifm.
Consterna'tion. n.f [horn conjlertto,
Lat.] Aftonifhment; amazement ; alie-
nation of mind by a farprize 5 furprizfij
wonder.

They find the fame holy ccnfternatiort upon rhrm-
felves that Jacob did at Bethel, which he called ihe
gate of heaven. South.

The natives, dubious whom
They muft obey, in confternation wait
Till rigid conqucft will pronounce their liege.

PtM\p%.

To CO'NSTIP.4TE, v. a. [from conjl,po,

Latin.]
1 . To crowd together into a narrow room j
to thicken ; to condenfe.

Of cold, the property is to condenfe and «/i/?;.
t't'- Bacon.

It may, by amafting, cooling, and conftiputir.t
of waters, turn them into rain. Ray intheCreat.
Taerc might nrifc fomc vertiginous morions or
whirlpool; in thit mj'ter of the chaof, wi.-.'cb'y
the aH'Mi miglit be tluuft aud crowded to the

middle.

CON

roidJIe of cliofe whirlpools, and there confifati ant

another into great folid globes. Sntley.

T. To ftuft" up, or flop by filling up the
palTagcs.

It is not probable that any aliment fhouM have
tho quality of intirely tci^ipat'mf or fliutting op
the capillaty vcflels. jfrtjtfhnot en Al'menti.

3. To bind the belly, or make coftive.

Omitting honeys which is laxative, and the
powder of fomc lo:idltones in this, doth rather ci:n-
jP'ifaU and bind, than purge and loofea the belly.

Brcwn^i P^ulgar Errcun*

Constipa'tion. n.f. [from canfiifatt.'\

1. The aft of crowding any thing into lefs
room; condenfation.

This worketh by the detention of the fplrits,
•nd ccnftifatkn of the tangible part .

Saccn'i Natural hjftory.

It requiies either abfolute fulnsfs of matter, or
a pretty clofe conftifaihn ai.d mutual contad of its
particles. Benlliy.

2. Stoppage ; obftruflion by plenitude.

The inaftivity of the gall occafions a tonjiipalion
of the belly. yirbuthmi en-AUmenlt.

5. The ftate of having the body bound.
Consti'tuent. atij. [conjinuens, Lat.]
That which makes any thing what it
is ; neceflary to exiftence ; elemental ;
eflbntial ; that of which any thing con-
fiils.

Body, foul, and reafon, are the three parts nc-
ccflarily conjliiucnt of a man. Dryden'i Du/rcfnoy.
All animals derived all the con/iitueat matter of
their bodies, fucceflively, in all ages, out of this
funo. JVo^uinvardt

It is impoflible that the figures and fizes of its
ecriftilufnt particles, Ihould be fo juftly adapted aa
to touch one another in every point.

Bat/ej/'i Sermons.
Coksti'tuent. tt./.

1. The perfon or thing which conftitutes
or fettles any thing in its peculiar ftate.

Their firft compofurc and origination requires a
higher and nobler conjliluent than chance.

Hale^s Origin of Manhinii,

2. That which is neceflary to the fubfift-
ence of any thing.

The obrtrudion of the mcfentery is a great
impediment to nutrition; for the lymph in tijofc
glands is a necelTary cmjiitucnt of the aliment.

j^rkuthnot on ji/imrnts.

3. He that deputes another ; as, the re-
prefentatives in parliament difregard
their coijlitutnts.

To CO'iMSTITUTE. 1;. a. [lonpluo, La-
tin.]

1. To give formal exiftence ; to make
any thing what it is ; to produce.

Prudence is not only a moral but chriAian vir-
tue, fuch at it necelTary to the cottjiiiuiing of all
others. Vupy o/Pieiy.

2. To erea ; to eftabli(h.

We mull obey laws appointed and csnfliluted by
lawful authority, not againft the law of God.

Ttiyhr^i Holy Living,

It will be neceflary to confider, how at lirll thofc
feveral churches were nnftituled, that we may un-
derhand how in this one church they were all
united. Pearfon.

3. To depute ; to appoint another to an
office.

Co'nstituter. n.f. [from conjlitute.']

He that conftitutes or appoints.
Con$titu'tiOn. n.f. [from conjli tut e-l

1. The aft of coiiftituting ; enafting ;
deputing ; eftabliftiing ; producing.

2. State of being ; particular texture of
parts : natural qualities.

G O N

Thii It more bencAcial than «ny other emjlltu-
tisn. Brmtty*

This light being trajeded through the parallel
prifms, if it fuffered any change by the refvaftion
of one, it loft that impreflion by the contrarj*
refradion of the other ; and (o, being rellorvd to
its priftine conjii'utii/nj became of the fame condition
as at firft. Nnuion't Of licks.

3. Corporeal frame.

Amongft many bad efJcfts of this oily corftiiu-
tiony there is one advantage ; fuch who arrive to
age, are ftot fubjcft to ftriflure of fibres.

yiriuthncl onjiUmenls.

4. Tempe^ of body, with refpeft to health
or difeaf^.

If fuch men happen, by their native nnjtitutim:,
to fall inW the gout, either they mind it not at
all, having no leifure to be fick, or they ufc it like
a dog. temfle.

Beauty is nothing elfc but a juH accord and
harmony of the members, animated by a healthful
ccnjlitution. Drydcfi.

5. Temper of mind.

Dametas, according to the conjiitution of a dull
head, thinks no better way to Ihevv himfelf wife
than by fiifpefting every thing in his way. Si^Kfy.

Some dear friend dead ; elfe nothing in the world
Could turn fo much the conjiitution
Of any confiant man. Shak. Merchant of yenict.

He defended himfelf with undaunted courage,
and lefs pafiion tlian was expeded from his conjii-
tution. Clarendon.

6. Eftablifti^d form of government ; fyftem
of laws and cuftoms.

The Norman conquering all by might.
Mixing our cuftoms, and the form of right.
With foreign conJUiutior.s he had brought. Daniel.

7. Particular law ; eftabliftied ufage ; efta-
bliftiment ; inftitution.

We lawfully may obferve the politive conJUtutitns
of our own churches. Hooker.

Conflitulion, properly fpeaking in the fenfe of the
civil law, is that law which is made and ordained
by fome king or emperor; yet the canonifts, by
adding the word faereJ to it, make it to (ignify the
fame as an ecclehaftical canon. Ayliffe,

Constitu'tiOnal. atij. [from ccnjlitu-
tion. ]

1. Bred in the conftitution ; radical.

It is not probable any fOB^if/zficBtf/illnefswill be

communicated with the fmall-pox by inoculation.

Sharp's Surgery,

2. Confiftent with the civil conftitution ;
legal.

Constitw'tive. tzcfj. [from cenflitute.]

1 . That which conftitutes any thin'g what
it is ; elemental ; eflential ; produftlve.

Although it be pl.'\ccd among the non-naturals,
that is, fuch as, neither naturally conjtiiulivc nor
merely deftruftive, do preferve or deftroy.

Brortvn^s P^u/gar Errours.

The elements and confiiiuiive parts of a fchifma-
tick, being the efteem of himfelf, and the con-
tempt of others. Decay of Piety.

2. Having the power to enaft or eftablim.
To CONSTRA'IN. -v. a. [ccnjirainilre, Fr.

ccnjiringo, Latin.]

1 . To compel ; to force to fome aftion.

Thy fight, which {hould
Make our eyes fiow with joy,
Ctiiijlra'ins them weep. Shakcfftare't Coriolansi.

Namur fubdued, is England^s palm alone;
The reft befieg'd, but we u/njlrain^d the town. Dry.

2. To hinder by force; to reftrain.

My fire in caves conftrains the winds.
Can with a breath their clam'rous rage appeafe ;
They fear his whiftle, and forfake the feas. Dryd.

3. To neceflitate.

The (cars upon your honour, therefore, he
Does pity as conjirained blcm: flies,
Nothing dcfcrv'd. SLakeff. Antony and Cleopatra.

CON

When to Ms Inft yEgyfthus gave the rein.
Did fate or we th' adult'roui a£l cenftrain f

Kope's Odyfy,

4. To violate ; to ravifh.

Her fpotlefs chaftity.
Inhuman traitors I you corjiraind and forc'd.

Shakejpeire'i Titus Andrmidiu

5. To confine ; to prefs.

When amidft the fervour of the feaft,
The T) rian hugs and fonds thee on her bread.
And with./wcet kifles in her arms conjlraini.
Thou may'l> infufe thy venom in her veins. Dryd*
How cfae llrait ftayi the flcnder wafte conftrain.

Gtf,

6. Toconftringe.

When winter frofts eonjl rain the field withcoM,
The fcanty root can take no fteady hold. Drjdeti,

7. To tie ; to bind.

Scarce the weary god had dos'd his eyes.
When rufliing on with ihouts, he binds in chains
The drowfy prophet, and his limbs conjirains,

Drydtx,

8. To imprifon.

Conftrain'd him in a bird, and made him fly
With party-cotour'd plumes, a chattering pye.

Dryden,

9. To force ; to produce in oppofition to
nature.

In this northern trafl our hoarfer throats
Utter unripe and ill conjirained notes. ff^aller,

10. To reftrain ; to withhold.

The foft weapons of paternal perfuafions, after
mankind began to forget the original giver of life,
became overweak to rcfift the firft inclination of
evil : or after, when it became habitual, to ccn-
Jirain it. Raleigh.

Constrai'nable. adj. [from conftrain.'\
Liable to conftraint ; obnoxious to com«
pulfion.

Whereas men before flood bound in confcience
to do as reafon teacheth, they are now, by virtue
of human i3w,conJlrainaii'cj and, if they outwardly
tranfgrefs, punifliable. Hioker,

CoNSTR A'iNEDLY.a</'Z'. [from conJ}rain,'\
By conftraint ; by compulfion.

What occafion it had given them to think, to
their greater obduration in evil, that through a
froward and wanton defire of innovation we did
eon/trained^ thofe things, for which confcience was
pretended. Hooker*

Co N s T R a'i N e R . », /, [ from conjirain. ]
He that conftrains.

Con ST R a'i NT. n.f. \contrainte, French.]

1. Compulfion ; compelling force ; vio-
lence ; aft of overruling the defire ;
confinement.

I did fuppofc it fhould be on conftraint \
But, heav'n be thank^kjt is but voluntary.

Shakefpeare's King yobn.
Like you, a man ; and hither led by fame.
Not by conftraint, but by my choice, I came.

Dryden'' s Hdian Emperour*
The conftant defire of happinefs, and the con-
ftraint it puts upon us to ail for it. no body, I
think, accounts an abridgment of liberty. Locke*

2. Confinement. Outofufe.

His limbs were waxen weak and raw.
Thro' long imprifonmcnt, and hard corftraint,

Spenfer*
To CONSTRI'CT. t/. a. [conflringo, con-
jlriaum, Lat.]

1. To bind ; to cramp ; to confine into a
narrow compafs.

2. To contraft ; to caufe to flirink.

Such things as ccnftrill the fibres, and ftrengthen
the folid parts. Arhuihr.ol on Diet.

CoNSTRi'cTiON. n, f. [ from conJlriB. ]
Contraftion ; comprcffion ; forcible con-
traftion. CompreJJion is from an out-
ward force, coiiftriSim from fome qua-
lity J

CON

Jity ; as the throat is comprefled by a
bandage, and conftringed by a cold.

The 4ir, which thefe receive into the lungs, may
ftrve to render their b ies eijuiponderar.t to the
water; and the coiijlrifiim or dilatation of it, mav
probably aflift them to afccnd or defceiid in the
water. Ray en lit Crcatkn.

CoNSTRi'cTOR. n.f. \cottfinaor, Latin.]
That which comprefles or contrafts.

He fuppofed the conJinSlon of tlic eye-lids muH
be ilrengthened in the fuperciliuus.

Arbuthn^it and Pcpn's Mart. Scnb,
To CONSTRl'NGE. i;. a. [ conftringo,
Lat.] To comprefs ; to contrad ; to
bind ; to force to contraft itfelf.

The dreadful fnout,
Which fhipmen do the hurricano call,
Ctiiflr'trg'd in mafs by the almighty fun.

Shuke/peart's Troilus anj Crejjiila-

Strong liquors, efpccially inflaminatory fpirits,

intoxicate, ttnjlr'mgt, harden the fibres, and coa-

^late the fluids. jjrkuthnu.

Con ST Ri't< GENT. adj. [conftringms, Lat.]
Having the quality of binding or com-
prefling.

try a dc«p well, or »■ confervatory of fnow,
where the culd may be more cotiftrirgnt.

Biltongs Natural Ihjiury*
Winter binds
Our ftrengtben'd bodici in a cold embrace
Ciifflringttii. Tbontpit't IKinta-

Ti CONSTRU'CT. «. a, [canfiruaus.
Latin.]

1. To build; to form; to compile; to

conditute.

Let there be an admiration of thofe divine attri-
bates and prerogntives, for whofe manifefting he
*is pleafed to conjirul} this vaft fabrick.

Boyle I Vftfuhtfi tf Nciural Pbihfipby.

2. To form by the mind : a$, he (onjlrna-
td a new fyftera.

CoNSTRu'cTlON. n.f, [confiruBit, Lat.]

1. The aft of building, or piling up in a
regular method.

2. The form of building ; ftrnfture ; con-
formation.

There's no art
To fliew the mind's cerjlruflim in the face. Sha!:.
The ways were made of feveral layers of flat
ftones and flint: the cmfir-ufHon was a little vari-
ous, according to the nature of the foil, or the
materials which thpy found. Arbutinot.

3. [In grammar.] The putting of words,
do!y chofen, together in fuch a manner
as is proper to convey a complete fenfc.

darkens Lalin Grammar.

Some particlea conftantly, and others in certain

eotiJIruRwni, have the lenfe of a whole fentcnce

contjincd in theoi. Locke.

4. The aa of arranging terms in the pro-
per order, by difentangling tranfpofi-
tions ; the ail of Interpreting; e.xpla-
natlon.

This label, whofe containing
Is (^ from fcrfe in hardncfs, tha' 1 can
Make BO coUedion of it j let him (hew
His flcill in the c'^rflruflkn. Staktf//. CjnMht.

5. Thefenfe; tnc meaning; interpreta-
tion.

In which fenfe although we' judge the apoftle's
wnr.ls to have been uttered, yet hereunto we do
not icqijlre them to yield, tMt think any other
onJiruOhn more found. Hooitr.

He that would iive at cafe, fliould always put th'c
bcft cor.flruSSoK on bulinefs and convcrfation.

Collier on the Spleen.

Religion, in its own nature, produce g..od
«il! towards men, and puts the miidcll {mflruHkn
Itfon evety accideac tliac bcf^ls -tJlcm. SjuSator.

Vol. 1,

CON

6. Judgment 5 mental reprefentatlon.

It cannot, therefore, unto reafonable conjlrue-
tkr.s frem flrange, or favour o{ finguiarity, chat we
have examined this point. Brvwns Vul^. Erroun.

7. The manner, of defcribing a figure or
problem in geometry.

8. CoKSTRUcTiON ef Ejttatiofn, in al-
gebra, is the method of reducing a
known equation into lines and figures,
in order to a geometrical demonlLation.

CoNiTRr'cTURE. ti. /. \Jtoia cenjlru& ."]
Pile ; edifice ; fabrick.

They fliall the earth's canjlntffiire clofely bind,
And to the centre keep the patts conHn'd.

B/jcRmire.

To CO'NSTRUE. -v. a. [ceirjtruo, Latin.]
I . To range words in their natural order ;
to difentangle tranfpofition.

I'll teach mine eyes, with iricek humility,
Love-lcatned letters to her eyes to read ;
Which her deep wit, th«t true heart's thought can

fpcU,
Will foon Conceive, and learn to conflrue well.

SpenfiT.
Cirftrur the tiroes to their necellities.
And you (hall fay, indeed, it is the time.
And not the king, that doth you injuries.

Shakefperre^t Henry IV.

a. To interpret ; to explain ; to Ihew the

meaning.

I muft crave that I be not fo underftood or eon-

^ftrueJ, as if any fuch (fling,- by virtue thereof,

I could be done without the a'ld and afliftance or

Cod's moft bltU'ed fpirit. Hooker.

I Virgil is fo very figurative, 'that he require* (I

• may ahnoft fay) a grammar apart to conjlmt him.

Drydcn.
' Thus we are put to (Onfirae and paraphrafc our
own i^ords, to free ourfelves cither from the igno-
rance or malice of our advcrfaries. ' SlilUn^feet,
When the word is eenfirued into irt idn, the
double meaning vanilhes. /tjdif. enjimitntMidnh.
T",, CO'NSTUPRATE. -j. a. \_co„Jiupro,
Lat.l To violate ; to debauch ; to de-
file.
Constupra'tion. n.f. [from conjlu-

prate.] Violation; defilement.
CONSIJBSTA'NTIAL. a^j. [con/uhjlan-
tialis, Latin.]

1. Having the fame en*encc cr fubfiftence.

The Lord our Cod is but "ne God ; in which
indivifible unity,- notwithftanding we adore the
Father, as being altogether of himfeif, we glorify
that iorfuh/ijniia! Word, which is the Son ; we
blefs and magnify that co-ert"ential Spirit, eternally
proceeding from both, which is the Holy Ghod.

Hooker.

2 . Being of the fame kind or nature.

It continueth a body con/ub/fantial vfith our bo-
dies ; a body of the fame, both nature and meafure ,
which it had on earth. H':'.ker.

In their conceits the human nature of Chrilt
was not nnfuljiantial to ours, but of another kind.

Brcrevi^od.

Conjubstantia'lity. n.f. [from eoii-

fubjlnntial.'\
I. Exiftence of more than oiie, in tlie
fame fubftancc.

'i'he eternity of the Son'i generation, ;)nd his
co-ctcrnity and confubjianiiartiy Wirfi the Father,
when he came down trom heavL-n.

Hammond on Fundamentalt.

z. Participation of the fame nature.

fo Consuesta'nti ATE. -v. a. [from cvt:

ind ful/ia/ilia, Lat.] To unite in one

common fubftanco or nature.
Cons u B ST A NT I a'tion. »./. [from ccn-

/uijlantiafe.] Ths Uftion of ths body of

CON

our blefled Saviour with the facramei|tal ■
element, according to the Lutherans.

In the point of corfubflantiation, toward the latte/
end of his life, he changed his mind, ^iterbury. -
CO'NSUL. n.f. [corful, cpnfulendoi Latin.]

1. The chief magiftrate in the Romaa
republick. •

Or never be fo noble as a conful.
Nor yoke with him for tribune. Shak. Conolar.its,

Onfuh of mod'rate power in calms were made} '
When the Gauls came, one fole dictator iVay'd. i

Dryden.

%. An officer commliHoned in foreign parts
to judge between the merchants of his
nation, and proteft their commerce.
Co'nsular. adj. [re'r/a/am, Latin.}
t . Relating to the conful.

The conftilar power had only the ornaments,
without the force, of the royal authority. SfcBaior. '

2. CoNs'jLAR Af<j«, One who had been,
conful.

Rofe not the eenfufar men, and left their placed.
So foon as thou fat'ft down ? Bmyonfon's CatVinr.

Co'nsui.ate. fi. f. [confulatus, Latin.J
The office of conful.

His name and conjulate were effaced out of all
public legifters and infcriptions. Mdifmonhaly.

Co'nsulship. n. / [ftoni ttnfuL'^ The
office of conful.

' The patricians ihould do very ill,
To let tlie conJ::!jfyip be fo defil'd.

Ben yonjon% C^ulint*'^
The lovely boy, with his anfiiicious face,
' Shall PoU'io's eorfuljhip and triumph grace. Dryd.

To CON'SU'LT. v. H. [confulto, Latin.]
To take counfel together ; to deliberate
in common ; it has iKtiih before the per-
fon admitted to confultation.. j

I Every man.

After the hideous ftorm that follow'd, was
I A thing infpir'd ; and, not eonfa/tiitg, broke
Into a general prophecy, that this tcmpeft,
Dafliing the garment of this peace, abrided '

The fiidden breach on 't. Shakefp, Henry VHI»
A fcnate-houfe, wherein three hundred itti
twenty men fat eovjuhing always for the people.

1 Mac, viii. 15.
C-^rfult not iiiitb the flothfol for any work.

Etcluu KXl^viJ.

He f?nt for his bofom friendsy •cd'ifh whoVn he

_ moft- c-tnfidently corfulted,' and' i^ewcd the pap^r -

to theol, th« contents whereof he could not cftn"^!

ceive. ClarendoHm

To CoNsu'tT. ni, a,

1. To afk advice of: as, he confultcd his
friends ; to con/ull an author.

2. To regard ; to aft with view or refpeft
to.

We arc, in the firft place, to confab the necef-
fities of life, rather than matters of ornament afiJ
d'-'iight.' L'EJh'aige.'^

The fmate owes it? gratitude to Cato,
Who with fo great a foul confuiti its fat'cty,
And guardi our lives, while he ncglcds itis owh.

Addijon,

3. To plan ; to contrive. j

Thnu haft confulud Ihame to thy houfc, by
, cutting -off many people. ' Hdi. i\.'to.

Many things were th--re corfulfed for the ftit'^rc,
yet nr tiling was pofitively tel.lvejl, darcydon, '

Co'nsult. «./. [from the verb. It ]*•
variouily. accented.] , .^

1. The aft of confuiti ng.

Yourfi-lf' -n pc-.!"o-i head or;e choCen half.
And raa.ch t' opprcfs the faQion in confulf
With d,liig Dorax. Drydcn'tjim Stbap'iaa,

2. The effeft of confuiting ; determinij-
tion.

3 E He

CON

Hf f>M, tnd roft thf firft ; the eeoncil fcrok* } I
And all their grave mvjultt dilTolT'd in rmoke'

Drytien^s Fahlft,

3. A cooncil ; a number of perfons affem-
bled in deliberation.

Diven meet.ng« and cenfulit of our whole num-
ber, to conlider of the former labours. Bacon-

A etKjult of co<}uets below
Wu call'd, to tig him out a beio. Stvifr.

Consulta'tion. »./. [from cen/ule.]

1 . The aft of confulting ; fecret delibera-
tion.

The chief priefti held a cmfiiltatKn with the
elders »nd Icribcs. Mjrk, xv. 1.

2. A number of perlons confulted together ;
a council.

A ccnJuUaiion was called, wherein he advifed a
falivation. H^ljiiruni nf Atfctfiu

3. [In law.] CaH/altaiie is a writ, whereby
a cauie, being formerly removed by pro-
hibition from the ecdeiiaftical court, or
court chriiUau, to the king's court, is
returned thither again : for the judges of
the king's court, if, upon comparing the
libel with the fuggeuion of the party,
they do find the fuggelUon falfe, or not
proved, and therefore the caufe to be
wrongfully called from the court chriU
tiau ; then, upon this confultation or de-
liberation, decree is to be returned
again. C<nvell.

Cohsu'lter. h./. [from con/uh.'\ One
that confults, or »&s counfel or intelli-
gence.

There Ihall not be found among you a charmer,
•r a con/ulttr with familiar fpirits, or a wiznrd.

Dtut. xvili. II.

Consu'mable. a<^". [from «»/««*.] Suf-
ceptible of deilrudion ; pofFtble to be
wafted, fpent, or deftroyed.

Albcftos dues truly agree in this common quality
afcribod unto both, of being incombu{Vible, and not
nnjumabh by fire j but it doth contra£t To much
fuliginous matter from the earthy parts of the oil,
though it was tried with fome of the pureft oil,
that in a very few days it did choak and extinguilh
the flame. If^ilkini't Mathaiulual Marict.

Our growing rich or poor depends only on, »-nich

IS greater or lefs, our importation or exportation of

ccnfumahie commodities. Lock*.

To CONSU'ME. v. a. [coti/uma, Latin.]

To wafte ; to fpend ; to deftroy.

Where two raging fires meet together.
They do eenfuwu the thing that feeds their fury.

Shatitffeartt

Thou flialt carry much feed out into the field,
and fhalt gather but tittle in ; for the loculls Ihall
ten/time it. Dcui. xxviii.

Thus in foft anguilh (he rmfumei tht day.
Nor quits her det-p retirement. Thtmfin'i Sfrin~.

ST> Consu'me. t;. «. To wafte away ; to
be exhaafted.

Thefe violent delights have violent ends,
And !n their triumph die ; like fire and powder,
•Which, as they raeeb emtfitme. Stai.Rcm.aiulJul.
Consu'mer. ». /. [from con/ume.l One
that fpends, wailes, or deftroys any
thing.
Money miy be conlideccd as in the hands of the
_^tcitfamrr, tr of the nrrcjiant who buys the com-
■ itiodity, when made to export. Lech-.

y« CONSU'MMATE. -v. a. [confommtr,
¥t. ron/ummare,hAX..'\ To complete; to
perfeft ; to finifh ; to end. Anciently
accented on the firft fyllable.

Yourfelf, myfelf, and other lords, will pafs
To ctn/umiualt thiii buiinefs happily.

Stakcjfcere'i King "Jibti.

CON

There dial] we cmjtinman our fpouW ritet.

Shakcjfttri,
The perfon was cunning enough to begin the
deceit in the weaker, and the we;ikcr fufKcient to
nnjummatt the fraud in the Wronger.

frofcin'i l^vlgar Emiirt.

He had a mind to ccufumiiate the bappinefs or

the day. Tatlcr_

Consu'mmate. a.'//, [from the verb.]
Complete ; perfect ; finiftied : omnibus
numerii ah/olutus,
I do but ftay till your marriage be cmfummatt,

Shiikefpurt,
Earth, In her rich attire
CcnjummatCy lovely fmil'd. AiUftHtU Farjdijt hoji*
Gratlan, among his maxims for raifing a man
to the moll ccnfummaie greatnefs, advifes to per-
form extraordinary actions, and to fccurc a good
hlllorian. ' MdiJfin'iFraboldir,

If a man of perfe£t and eorfummate virtue £alls
into a misfortune, it raifes our pity, but not our
' tcrrour. Aldifon*s Sj>i^atvr,

CoNSUMM a'tion. »./. [from con/ummate.']

1. Completion ; perfedtion ; end.
That juft and regular proccfs, which it muH be

fuppofird to take from its original to its cmjumma-
ti K. Mdifm's Sfcflalor.

2. The end of the prefent fyftem of things ;
the end of the world.

From the firll beginning of the, world unto the
lad ceyijutnmatkn thereof, it neither hath been, nqr
can bCj otherwife. Hooker,

3. Death; end of life.

Gholl, unlaid, forbear thee !
Nothing ill come near thee !
Quiet confiimmat'wn have,.
Uniemoved be thy grave ! Sbak. CymieHnei

Consu'mption'. n./. [con/umptio, Lat.]

1. The aft of confuming ; wafte ; deftruc-
tion.

In commodities, the value rlfea as Its quantity
Is lefii and vent greater; which depends upon its
being preferred in its conjumfftion* Locke,

2. The ftate of wafting or periftiing.

Etna and Vefuvius have fent forth flames for
this two or three thoufand years, yet the moun-
tains themfelves have not fu^ered anyconfiderable
diminution or confumftion \ but are, at this day,
the highell mountains in thofe countries. H^oodiv.

3. [In phyfick.] A wafte of mufcular
flefti. It is frequently attended with a
heftick fever, and is divided by phyft-
cians into feveral kinds, according to
the variety of its caufes. putney.

Conjumptton fow
In hollow bones of man. Slake/feare't Timon.

The ftoppage of women's courfcs, if cot looked
to, fets them into a confumfittorif dropfy, or other
difeafe. Harvey.

The encntial and dlAinguilhing charafler of a
confirmed confumjitkn, is a wafting of the body by
reafon of an ulcerated ftate of the lungs, attended
with a cough, a difcharge of purulent matter, and
a heOick fever. Blackmore.

Consu'mptive. adj. [from con/ume.]

1. Deftruftive ; wafting ; exhaufting; hav-
ing the quality of confuming,

A long confumplrve war is more likely to break
this grand alliance than difable France.

jiddifin Ml the War.

2. Difeafed with a confumption.

Nothing taints found lungs fooner than Infpiring
the breath of confumpt'rve lungs.

Harvey on Confumbtiom,
The lean, eofifumfiive wench, with coughs de-
cayed,
It call'd a pretty, tight, and (lender maid. Dryden.
By an exadl regimen a conjamptive perfon may
hold out for years. jirhuthnot in Diet.

Consu'mptiveness. «. /. [from (on-
/umftivf,] A tendency to a confumption

CON

C0N5u'T!LI.4f<<r. [..-tHfulilit.LH.] TV»t

is fewed or ftitched together. Diff.

To CONTA'BULATE. v. a. [contabulo,

Latin.] To floor with boards.
Contabula'tion. «. /. {contahulatlt,

Latin.] A joining of boards together ;

a boarding a floor.
CO'NTAC T. n. f. [ contaaus, Latin. ]

Touch ; clofe union ; jundture of one

body to another. ■

The Platonilts hold, that the fpirit of the lover
doth pafs into the fpirits of the perfon loved, which
caufeth the defite of return into the body; where-
upon followcth that appetite of entail and con-
junftion. BacoiCi Natural Hijiory.

When the light fell fo obliquely on the air,
which in otlier places was between them, as to be
all refliifled, it fcemed in that place of toHtaa to
be wholly tranfmitted. Ntv/ion'i Opiicks,

The air, by its immediate ccnrali, may coagulate
the blood which flows along the air-bladders. ■,

Arhulhn'A on DieK '

CoNTA'cTto^. «. / [contaittn, Latin.]
The aft of touching ; a joining one body
to another.

That deleterious it may be at fome diftance, and

I dcftruflivc without corporal ctniadkn, there is no

high impr'ibability. Bromn"! Iful^ar Errours,

(j:ONTA'GION. »./ \_contagio, Latin:]

1. The emiftion- fr&ro body to body b^
which diieafes are communicated.
■ .If we two be one, and thou play falfe,
! I do digeft the poifon of thy flelh.
Being (trumpeted by thy contagion.
• Shaktjfiare'i Comedy of Errours,

In infeflion and contagkn from body to body, at
the plague and the like, the infection is received
; many times by the body palTivc ; but yet is, by the
j fttength and good difpofition tliereof, repulfed.

Sttcon*

2. Infeftion ; propagation of mifchief, or
difeafe.

Nor will the goodnefs of intention excufe the
fcandal and emM^o/i of example. Kw^Cbarln,

Down fell they, ,
And the dire hifs renew'd, and the dire form
Catch'd by rmlagion, Milton's Parad'.Je L'fl,

3. Peftilence ; venomous emanations.

Will he fte.il out of his wholcfonx bed.
To dare the vile conlagion of the night ?

Shakeffeart'i yuliui Cafar.

Codta'cious. adj. [from rt«//ifJo, Lat.}
Infeftious ; caught by approach ; poi-
fonons i peftilential.

The jades.
That drag the tragick melancholy nighty
From their mifty jaws
Breathe foul, contagious darknefs In the air.

Shakefpeari's Henry VI.
We ficken foon from her contagkus care,
CrieK for her forrows, groan for her defpair.

Prior.

Conta'oiousness. »./. [from ctmagi-

ous.'] The quality of being contagious.
To CON TA'IN. <v. a. [coniineo, Latin.]

1. To hold as a veffel.

There are many other things which Jefus did, :
the which if they (hould be written every one, I
fuppofe that even the world itfelf could not tintam
the bonks that (hould be written, ^obn, xxi. 15.

Gently inftru£led I (hall hence depart.
Greatly in peace of thought, and have my (ill
Of knowledge what this veffel can contain. ]Uillo».

What thy ftores contain bring forth, and pour
Abundance. Milton.

2. To comprehend ; to comprife.

What feem'd fair in all the world, feero'd now
Mcani 01 in iia fuotm'd up, in her fntain'd.

M'l"n,

Tht

CON

The earth,
ThoTigh In comparifon of heav'n fo fmall,
Nor glift'ring, may of fcliij good contain
More plenty than the fun, that barten <hines.

Miltm.

3. To comprife, as a writing.

Wherefore alfo it it cmtainid ia the fcripture.

I Fet. ii. 6.

4. To reftrain ; to withhold j to keep with-
in bounds.

AH men (hovild be covtainai in duty ever after,
without the tertour of warlike forces.

Sfcnfir on Ireland.
Their Icing'* perfon nntaht the unruly people
from evil oee ifions. Sfenfer.

1 t(-*ll you, firs.

If you tkcvM fmile, he grows impatient.

vFear not, my lord, we can cmia'm ourfelves.

Sbakej'peare.

TeCovrs'itt. <v.n. To live in continence.

1 felt the ardour of my pallion increafe, till 1
could no longer c9rfaht, Mrbutbnot and Poj}e,

Co N T a'i N A B L I . atfj. [from contain. ] Poi-
fible to be contained.

The M,conia\ttMi within the cavity of the coli-

p'k, amounted to eleven graint. Bv)U.

Tv CONTA'MINATE. v. a. [contamino,

Lat.] To defile ; to pollute ; to corrupt

by bafe mixture.

Sl:aU we now
Cmtimnauatu fingers with bafe bribet?

Sbaiijfurii Julius Cttfar.
A bafe pander holds the chamber-door,
Whilft by a flave, no gentler than a dog.
His faiteft daughter ii nntjminated,

Stattffran'i Henry V.

Do it not with poifon ; ftrsngle her in her bed,

£veainthe bedlhchathi.'i7rr!77n:fri7ff</. Shak< OtbelU.

I quickly Ihed
Some of hii baftatd blood, and in difgrace
Befpoke him thus t contom'matedy bafe.
And milbegotten blood I fpill of thine.

Sbakeffeare't Hemy VI.
Though itbeneceiritated, by its leiation toflefb,
to a terredrial convcrfe j yet 'tit, like the fun,
without c^niemrMUnz its beams. Glanville't Afil.
He that lies with another man's wife, propa-
gates children in another's family for him to keep,
and coMMmnata Che honour thereof as much as
in him lies. Ayliffe'i Panrgan.

CoNTAMiN a'tion. ».y^ [A'Om tontami-

naie.] Pollution ; defilement.
Court MlKAT tn.at/J. [contemeratus , La-
tin.] Violated ; polluted. Did.
To CONTE'MN. -j. a [contemno, Latin.]
To dcfpile ; to fcorn ; to flight ; to dif-
regard ; to negleft ; to defy.

Yet better thu^, and known to be contemned.
Than ftill eonltmired and flattered. Sbak. King Lear.

Eve, thy contcmj't of life and pleafure leems
To argue in thee fc.mcthing more fublime
And excellent than what thy mind conlemni. Milt.

Pygmalion then the Tyrian fceptre fway'd.
One who c^ntimn'd divine and human laWs ;
Then ftrifc enfued. Drydens VirgiVt j^neid.

Conte'mner. »./. [from con/emti.] One
that contemns ; a dtfpifer ; a fcorner.

He counlels him to perfttutc innovators of wor-
Hiip, not only 31 contcmncri of the gods, but diituib
crs of the ftjtc. S-nttb.

To CONTE'MPER. -v. a. [conUmpere, La-
tin.] To moderate ; to reduce to z
lower degree by mixing fomething of
oppofite qualities.

The leaves qualify aAd eontanftr the beat, and
hinder theevaporationof mi)ifture.J!<i)i on tbe treat.

CoNTe'mPER AMENT. »./ [from fJ/I/COT-

fira, Latin.] The degree of any quality.

There is nearly an equal itntempiramint of the
warmth of our bodies to that of the hutteft par' nr
{tie atiBofpbere. Derbam.

CON

To Conte'mperate. f. a, [from eon-
temper. "^ To diminifh any quality by
fomething contrary j to moderate ; to
temper.

The mighty Nile and Niger do not only moiften
and ontemperate the air, but refrelh and humeflate
the earth. Brown.

If blood abound, let It out, regulating the pa-
tient's diet, and conumperating the humours.

fyifejnan''t Surgery,

Contempera'tion. h./. [from contem-
perate.']

1. The aft of diminifhing any quality by
admixture of the contrary ; the adl of
moderating or tempering.

The ufe of air, without which there is no conti-
nuation in life, is not nutrition, but the contempera-
tion of fervour in the heart. Brovvn^s l^ulg. Err.

2. Proportionate mixture ;^ proportion.

Thcie is not greater variety in men's faces, and
in the contemperationi of their natural humourv,
than there is in their phantalies*

Hale'i Origin of Mankind.
raCONTE'MPLATE. -v. a. [contimplor,
Lacin. This feems to have been once
accented on the firft fyllable.] To con-
fider with continued attention ; toftudy ;
to medicate.

There is not much difficulty in confining the
mind to contemplate what we have a great defire to
know. Waits.

To Conte'mplate. v. ». Tomufe; to
think fludioufly with long attention.

So many hours muft 1 tak': my relt ;
So many hours muft 1 contemplate, Shak. Henry VI.

Sapor had an heaven of glafs, which he trod upon,
contemplating over the fame as if he had been Jupi-
ter. Peacbem.

How can I confider what belongs to myfcif,
when I have been fo long contemplating on you ?

Dryden's Juvenal, Prcftice.
Contempla'tion. n. /. [from contem-
plate.^

1. Meditation; lludious thought on any
fubjeft ; continued attention.

Huw now ? what ferious contemplation are you
in ? Sbakefpiure,

Contemplation is keeping the idea, which is brought
into the mind, for ibme time afiually in view.

Locke,

2. Holy meditation ; a holy exercife of the
foul, employed in attention to facred
things.

I have breath'd a fecret vow
To live in prayer and ct/ntcmplation,
Only attended by NerifTa here.

Shiikcipeare^i Merchant of Venice,

3 . The faculty of itudy : oppoled to the
power of aftion.

There arc two functions, contemplation and prac-
tice, acording to thjt general divifion of objcfts ;
fame of which entertain our fpeculation, ntl.er;
employ our anions. South.

Conte'mpla riVE. adj, [from contem-
plate.'\

1 . Given to thought or ftudy ; iludious ;
thoughtful.

Fixt and antempltuive their looks.
Still turning over nature's books. Denbam.

2. Employed in ftudy ; dedicated to ftudy.

I am no courtier, nor vcifed in rtate allairs ;
my lite hath rather been eonlemplaiive than a^ivc.

Bacon.

Contemplative men may be without the pleafure of
difcovcfing the fecrets of ftate, and men of adion
are commonly witiiout the pleufure of tracing the
fecrets of divine art. Grnu'i Cofmolog:a.

3. Having the power of thought or medi-
tation.

CON

So many kinds of creatures might be to exercife
the contemplative faculty of man.

Ray OK tbe Creation.
Conte'mplativelt. aJv. [from con-
temflafi've.} Thoughtfully ; attentively ;
with deep attention.
Contempla'tor. n. /. [Latin.] One
employed in ftudy ; an enquirer after
knowledge ; a fludent.

In the Perfian tongue the word magut imports
as much as a conlemplator of divine and heavenljr
fcience. Raleigb^t Hi/lory^

The Platonick contemplaton rejeft both thefc
defcriptions, founded upon parts and colours.

Brovfn's l^ulgar Errourz,

CONTE'MPORARY. adj. [contempQram ,

French.]
I. Living in the fame age ; coetaneous.

Albert Durer was contemporary to Lucas.

Dryden't Dufrejny,

«. Born at the fame time.

A grove born with himfcif he fees.
And loves his old contemporary trees. Cowley*

3. Exiiling at the fame point of time.

It is impolfible to make tlic ideas of yefterday,
to-day, and to-morrow, to be the fame j or bring
ages paft and future together, and make them
contemporary. Locke.

Conte'mporarv. n. /. One who live*
at the fame time with another.

All this in blooming youth you have achiev'd ;
Nor are your foil'd contemporaries griev'd. DryJen.

As he has been favourable to me, he will hear
of his kindncfs from our contemporaries; for we
are fallen into an age illiterate, cenforious, and
detrailing. Drydens Juv, Prefate.

The adlive part of mankind, as they do moft
for the good of their contemporaries, very defervcdljr
gain the greateft fiiare in their applaufes.

Mdifoni Freeholder,

To Conte'mporise. f. a, \^con and tern-
pus, Latin.] To make contemporary ;
to place in the fame age.

The indift'crency of their exiftences, contemporifcd
into our a&iont, admits a farther confideration.

Brown^s Vulgar Errours*

CONTE'MPT. »./. [con'temptut, Latin.]

1. The aft of defpifing others j flight re-
gard ; fcora.

It was neither in contempt nor pride that I did'
not bow. EJlhtTm

The ftiame of being miferable,
Expofes men to fcorn and bafe contempt,
Even from their ncareft friends. Denbam,

There is no a^ion, in the behaviour of one man
towards another, of which human nature is more
impaticntthan of contempt; it being an undervaluing
of a man, upun a belief of his utter ufelelTncfs and
inability, and a fpiteful endeavour to engage the
rc/l of the woild in the fame flight eAeem of him.

South.

His friend fmil'd fcornful, and with proud run*
t^mpt
Rejeds as idle what his fellow dreamt.

Bryden^i Fables.

Nothing, fays Longinus, can be great, the eon-
tem[>t of wliich is great. AJdiJon,

2. The ftate of being defpifed ; vilenefs.

The place was like to come unto contempt.

1 Mac. iii. iS.

Conte'mpt iBi-E. adj. [from contempt,'\

1. Worthy of contempt ; deferving fcorn.

No man truly knows himfelf, but he groweth
daily more contemptible in his own eyes.

Taylor^s Guide to Devotion.
From no one vice exempt,
Anil moft conlempiitle to fhun contempt. Pope's Ep.

2. Defpifed ; fcorned ; neglefted.

.There is not fo contemptible a plant or animsl, that
does not confound the tiioH enlarged undorflaudirg.

Uike.

3 £ 2 3. Scorn*

CON

' 'j. Scornful ; apt to defpife ; contemptnous.
1 ills is no proper uic.

*t flic iliouU n)a>:a trnJ^-r of her Ion, 'tis very

p..irii>klio'l; Icom it J for the man hath tartiiiiif ■

' iiMc i'uiii'.. ^hakijfrati.

Co.K.rB'MPTiBi.kNHS8. n. f, {from «*-
fcm/tiiU] *r he Hate of being contemp-
tible ; the ftate of being dcfpifed ; mean-
nels ; vilenefs ; bafenefs ; chcapnefs.

V\ ho, by a ftcddy praifkice I't" virtur, comes to
difccrn the (auiinftibkncji of baits wherewith he
allures us. D'cy •/" Pi"y-

Conte'mptibly. ad-v. [from eontempti-
6ie.] Meanly ; in a manner deferving
contempt.

Know'ft thoa not
Their language, and their ways ? They alfo know,
And rcjfon no: {ottiniy.hiy. MiluiCt Par. Left.
Conte'mptuous. a<!j. [from conlempt.']
Scor.iiul ; apt to defpife ; nfmg words
or anions of contempt ; infolent.

"To nsglefl God ail our lives, and know th^t
we fttj:le<l him '; >« ""end God voluntarily, aijd
tTioiv tt'.at we ofiend liim, rafting our hopes on
t)i* peace which we tmft to make at parting, is ho
other tiian a rebelUous prefumption, and even a
icr.umpiucui laughing to ("corn and deriding ci
■• GiSt, 1>is Itvw, and precepts, i

Raltigh-i HiJIory of the mrli.
t Some much avetfe 1 found, and wond'rous harft,

CnnttmftuMis, proud, fet on revenge and fpite.

Mihoni Agtinijies,

Rome, the proudeft part of the heathen world,

entertained the moft amcmftuius opinion of thr

jews. Asltrhuij.

Con tb'mftttotjslt. adv. [fromcentemp-
( t«ous.'\ With fcorn ; with defpite ;
fcorhfully ; defpitefally.

1 throw my name againft the bruifing (lone,
Trampling <ontmftutyj1y on thy diadem. Shakcff.
The apoftles and moft eminent Chriftians were
poor, and ufed mutmfttitivjly. Taylor's Hah Living.
' If he governs tyrannically in youth, he will be

treated contimptu'.ujly in age ; and the bafer his
enemies, the more intolerable the affront.

VEftrtnge.

A wife man would not fpeak cmittrnpiMufy ot a

prince, though out of his dominions. Tilimjsm.

Conte'mptuousness, n. f. [from con-

temftuaus.] Difpofition to contempt;

infolence. Diii.

To CONTE'ND. v. n. [canuudo, Latin.]

• 1 . To drive ; to ftragglc in oppoficion.

Heflor's foreheal fpit forth blood
At Grecian iv(iTi% rinttrii'tri. Sbakefp. C^hlanus.

His wonders and his praifes do contend
Which (h'luld be thine or his. Shakeff, Macbeth.

Dc^th and nature do conrend about them,
Wlierher they liri! or die. l^balrfpcare'i Macbeth.

Diftrefs not the Moabltcs, neither centind with
tt«m in battle J ict I will not give thee of their
Ur.d. Diui. ii. 9.

• 2. To vie ; to a£> in emulation.

Von fit aliove, and ue vain men beiow
CeninJ for what j.u only can bellow. Dry Jen.

■ 3. it has/er before the ground or caufe of

contention.

The <]ueftion which our author would contend
fci , i: he did not forge: it, is, what pexibcs have a
righl ID be obe)ed. Locke.

■ 4. bometimes aitut.

He will find that many thiags he fiercely ««-
- lenM abTUt were trivial. Decay of Piety.

5. It has tv/'/A before the opponent.

This baitle fares like to the morning's war.
When dying clouds tontend tuiib growing light.

Sbakeffeare's Henry VI.

Tf we confider him at our Maker, we tannci
cortcnd tvitb Wtm. tiinpie.

6. Sometimes agalnfl.

i^C O N

In ambitious ftrcogth I diJ
Cintmd aguir/! thy valour. ^hahh. CorUlanm.

To CoiiTE'.ND. V. a. To diipute aijy
thing; to conteft.

Their uiry limbs in <partt they exercife.
And on the giesn c.attnd the wreftler's prire.

DryHen't MneU.
A time of war at length will come,
' When Carthage Oiall comcrd the world with Rome.

Dryden.
Thus low we I'e,
Shut from this day and that fiff/M:fr<f fky. Dryden.

Cokte'ndent. n,'/. [from contend.'] An-
tagoniA ; opponent ; champion ; com-
batant. Not ufed.

In all notable changes and rcvolations, the eon-
ter.dents have been ftU! made a prey to the third
party. L'F.flrangc.

Conte'nder. »./. [from contend.'] Com-
batant ; champion.
The contenders tut it look upon it as undeniable.

Lxke.
Thofe difputes ofren arife in good earnefl , where
the two contenders. iry really believe the ditf'etcnc
propofitions which they fupport.

ffttts on the Mind.
CONTETVIT. adj. {ccntentus, Latin.]

1, Satisfied, fo as not to repine; eafy,
though not highly plcafed.

Born to the fpacious empire of the Nine,
One would have thought Hie Should have been ecntent
To manjge well that mighty government. Dryden.

Who is content, is happy. Lode.

A man is perfectly cortent with the .late he is in,
when he is perfeflly without anyuneafinefs. Lcckt.

Foe to loud praife, and friend to learned eafe.
Content with fcience in the vale of peace.

Pope-t EpiJIla.

2. Satisfied, fo as not to oppofe.

Submit you to the people's voices^
Allow their oihcers, and be content
To fuffer lawful cenfure. Shakefpeare'! Coriolanas.

TeCoNTE'NT. If. «. [from the adjeftive.]

1 . To fatisfy, fo as to ftop complaint ; not
to offend ; to appeafe, without plenary
happinefs or complete gratification.

Content thyfelf with this much, and let this
Citisfythee, that I love thee. Sidney.

Great minds do fometimes content themfelves to
threaten, when they could dellroy. Tillotjcn.

Do not content yourfelves with obfcare and con-
fufed ideas, where clearer are to be attained.

lyatts'sLogick.

2. To plcafe ; to gratify.

Is the adder better than the eel,
Becaufe his painted (kin conttnts the eye ? Sbakefp.

It doth much content me.
To hear him fo indin'd. Shakefpeare's Hamlet.
If a man fo temper his adions, as in fome one
of them he dotli content every fa^ion, the mufick
of praife will be fuller. Bacon.

Wheat is contented with a meaner earth, and
contenting with a fi:itable gain. Careiv's Cornwall.

CoNTE NT. «./. [from the verb.]

I. Moderate happinefs ; fuch fatisfaftion

as, though it does not fill up defire, ap-

peafes complaint.

Nought 's had, all 's fpent.
Where our define is jot without content.

Shakefpeare's Macbeth.
One thought content the good to be enjoy'd ;
This every little accident deftroyed. Drytten.

A wife content his even foul fecur'd ;
By want not (haken, nor by wealth allur'd.

Smith on Philips.

z. Acquiefcence ; fatisfa6Uon in a thing
unexamined.

Others for language all their careexprefs,
And value books, as women men, for drefs ;
Their praiie is ftlll— the ftilt is excellent j
The Icufc (hey humbly Ukc upon content.

Poft't Epijiles.

CON

3. [From eententut, contained.] That which
IS contained, or included, in any thiag.

I'hough my htart's r ;« tent firm love dothbear.
Nothing of tbat (hall from mine eyes appear,

Shakefpeartt

Scarcely any thing can be determined of the par*
Xicui^j contents of any finglc mafs of ore by mere in«
fpe^oiu Wi.tkoard,

Experiments are made on the blood of healJiy
animals: in a weak babic ferum might afford
other eomenit, Arbuthnm,

4. The power of containing ; extent ; ca-
pacity.

This ((land had then fifteen hundred ftrong
(hips of great content. Bacon,

It were good to know the geometrical content,
figure, and fituation of ail Uie lands of a kingdom,
according to natural bounds. '

Crannt's Bills of Mortality,

5. That which is comprifed in a writing.
In this fenfe the plural only is in ufe.

I have a letter from her.
Of fuch contents as you will wonder at. Sbakefp,
I fliall prove thefe writings not counterfeits,
but authentick ; and the contents true, and worthy
of a divine original. Crew's Cofmol»ia.

The contents of both books come before thole of
the firft book, in the thread of tiie (lory.

jiddifon's Speftattr,
Contenta'tion. n. f. [from content,^
Satisfadlion ; content. Out of ufe.

I feek no better warrant than my own confci-
ence, nor 00 greater pleafure than my own con-
tentation. Sidney.

Fourteen years fpace, during the minority of
Gordianus, the government was with great ap-
plaufe and contcntation in the hands of Mifitheus,
a pedant. Bacon.

The (hield was not long after incrufted with a
new rulV, and is the fame, a cut of which hath
been engraved and exhibited, to the great contenta-
t'lon of the learned. Arhuthnot and Pope.

Conte'wted. participial adj. [from con~
tent,'] Satisfied; at quiet; not repin-
ing ; not demanding more ; eafy, tho*
not plenarily happy.

BarbarolTa, in hope by fufTerance to obtain an«
Other kingdom, feemed conttmed with the anfwer.
Knolles's Hiftay.
Dream not of other worlds.
Contented that thus far has been reveal'd.
Not of earth only, but of highelt hcav'n.

Milton's Paradife Lojt,
If he can defcry
Some nobler foe approach, to hint he calls,
And begs his fate, and then contented falls.

o. ,•« Denbam,

To diftant lands Verturanus ncrer roves.
Like you conttnted with his native groves. Pope,

Conte'ntedness.w./ [from. coitttftted.}
State of fatisfaftion in any lot.

Angling was, after tedious ftudy, a calmer of
unquiet thoughts, a moderator of paffions, a pro-
curer of ccntentedneft. tfalton's Angler.

Conte'ntion. m./. [contentio, Latin.]
1 . Strife ; debate ; conteft ; quarrel ; mu-
tual oppofition.
Can we with manners alk what was the difle-
rence .'
' Safely, I think; 'twas a conter.tien in publick.

Shakefpeare,

Avoid foolilh qucftions and genealogies, and

contentioni and ftrivings. Tit. iii. 9.

Can they keep themfelves In a perpetual content

t'ton with their eafe, their reafon, and their God,

and not endure a Ihort combat with 3 (infulcuf.

torn .' Duay of Piety.

The ancients made contention the principle that

reigned in the chaos at firft, and then love ; the

one to cxprefs the diviSons, ana the other the

union of all parties in the middle and coromoa

bond, Burtufs Theory' of the E^rtb.

2, Emulation;

ki'o^

'cPcPn-

^cPgPn

a. Emulation ; endeavour to excel.

Ions mi brother at a ftrife !
Wha: 15 your qjirrtl ! howTiegan it firft ?
Ko qulrtci, bat i Twtet contcrtlm.

Shpkrffcare'sITiJtryYl.

2^. Eagernefs ; z^ ;' ardour j vehemence
*' of endeavour.

Your own earneftnefs and ccntnticn to »ffeR
what you are about, will contioually.W^gtft to you
feye;al artifices. ^. . Bcldtr.

This is an end, w^ich at firtf TJew appears
worthy cur utmofl avthithn to ol)taj'n> Rcgers,

Co N T e'n t ious, aJJ. [from confeitJ.'] Quar-
rellbme ; given tp debate ; perverfe ;
not peaceable.

Thou thi.ikeft much that this enilititiius ftotm
InvaJes us to the (kin. Shai'/pmrc's KhgLctA:

There are certain csiUetituus humours that ate
never to be pleafed. _ ' L'EJirarge.

Reft made them idle, idlenels made them curi-
ous, and curiofityrMi.rfii*!. . Decay of Piit^.

Cost itiT\o\3% Jun/tiiaim. [Inlaw.] A
court which has a power to judge and
determine differences between contend-
ing parties. The lord chief juftices,
and judges, have a contentious jurifdic-
tion ; bat the lords of the treafury, antl
the commiffioners of the cuftoms, have
none, being merely judges of accounts
and tranfaftions. Chamber^.

Conte'ntiously. adv. [from conten-
titui. ] Perverfely ; quarrelfomely.

Wefl>alinot{OH/fi:..';aJ<j/ lejoin, or only lojuftify
our own, but to applaud and confirm bis maturer
aiTertiom. Sroiot.

Conte'ntiouskess. «. /. [from cc/itea-
tious.'\ Pronenefs to contell; perverfe-
nefs ; turbulence ; quarreHbmenefs.

Do not ctmletiiioulnefi, and cruelty, and ftudy of
revenge, feldom fail of retaliation ?

Bentlty^t Sermon^,

Covte'wtless. at/;, [from content,] Dif-
contented ; diffatisfied ; uneafy.

Bert ftases, coiiiir.thft.
Have a diftraflcd and moft wrerclied being,
Worfe than the worfl, content. Sbakejfiarc'i Tims*.

Conte'ntment. »./. [from conttntt the
verb.]

1, Acquiefcence, without plenary fatif-

fa£lion.

Such men's cntmmnit muft bewrenghtbyftra-
Cagem : the ufuai method of ^re is not for them.

li'.'oker.
Sabmiflion is the only rcafoning between a
creature and its Maker, and conterimcr.f in his will
is the b«ft remedy we can apply to misfortunes.

Tmplt.
Cfnintmtnl, withotit external honour, is humi-
lity ; Without the pleafure of eating, temperance.
Grtiu*s C'fmt>l*gia»
Some place the blifs in afiion, fome in cafe }
Tbole call it pieaiure, and cmicnimttit thefe.,

Pjpet EJfaf.
Btit now no face dirine {tmlftmnt wears,
*Tis all blank fadnefs, or continual tears. P3/4.

2. Gratification.

At Paris the prince fpent ona whole day, to give
his mind foroe cimtentmcnt in viewing of a famous
city. Wilton.

Conte'rminous. adj. [conUrmi'ius, La-
tin.] Bordering upon ; touching' at tht
boundaries.

This conformed fo many of them, awnt ccn-
tenaiiout to the coloniof and garrifjDS, to '.Ite Ro-
man laws. IlaU,

Contehra'neous. adj. [ conterraneus,
Lat.] Of the fame country. Di^.

To CONTE'ST. t». a. [fome/ler, French,
probably from (onira te/luri, Latin.] To
7

** "diiffute ; to controvert'; fb Htlgate ; (o
call in queilion.

'Tis evident upon what account none have pre-
fumc3 to contcji the proportion of thcfe ancient
pieces. Drydiif's Dufr^n'.^..

To Conte'st. nj. n.

I . To ftrive j- to -tentend : followed ' by ■

•with. " ' . , ' •

• T'lie difBcuttyof in argumeht adds to'thfe plef-
furc of cQMcJiir.g isi^h II, when there arc hopes of
viflory. , . Burnet.

z. To vie ; to emulate.

1 do cutitejt
As liotly and as nobl)- ««* thy love,
Ai ever in ambitious ftrength'l did
Contend againlt ihy valt>ur. ShjJi^J^. Ccrkhnu:,
Of man, who daraa in pomp w^i' Jove cesii^t
.Uochang'd, immortal, ana luprcmeiy l>lei>? j

Co'ntest. n. f. [from tlie verb, it Is
now accented oa the firft fy liable.] Dif-
pute ; difference ; debate'.

This ofold.no iels coniijii did move,
Thira when feriHobier's birth ltr»'ji cities ftrovej
•■ . '^ • ' ji . • '.k- J : Dtrhaiii.

A definit^B is th^ oifljiinajr'whqTebyltbe mean-
ing of word:i can be kaowiv, vii^ovt k^^vin^ roojn
for anujl about it. huat.

Leave all noify etntefls, all immodeft daVnouns,
and brawling language. IVaitf.

Conte'stabib. adj. [from eoMejt.'\

That may be contelled j difputable ;

controvertible.
Contk'stableness. »./. [frotA ctntejla-

blt.} Poffibilityofconteft. Dtil.

Contest.\'tion. n. /. [ from reiff/e/?. ]

The aft of contefting J debate ; Ihife.

Doors (hut, vifits forbidden, and, which w»s
worfe, divers cmtiJiatiiAit even with the queen hcr-
felf, JVoltOf.

After years fpent in domeftick, unfociabk cat-
tejiations, fhe found means to withdraw. ChrcntJok.,

To CONTEX V. a. .[ccnttxo, Lat.] To
weave together ; to unite by interp»ft^
tion of parts. This word is not in ufe.l

Nature may ccnrtx a plant, though that be ^ per-
feOly mixt concrete, without having all the ele-
ments {•.cviuuHy prefcnted to hci to com^ouisl it
of. Bcyfc.

The fluid body of quickfiKcr is ccnttscd with
the faits i; carries up in fubliniacion. Bcy/t.

Co'ntext. »./. [(oijiext us, Luin.] Ihe
general feries of a difcoarfe; the parjs
of the difcourfe that precede and follow
the fentence quoted. , ; ■ ,/ .

That chapter is really a rcprcfeuta<>oa^f; onf,
which hath only the knowledge, not pradlice^ if
his duty } as is maniftft from the ccniexi. ; ' '
Hammof!t{ on yurrdhmftittt/l .

Conte'xt, adj. [from ceniex.1 Knit to^
gcther ; firm.

Hollow and thin, for lightneft) but Withal en -'
««/ and firm, fot ftrength.

Dtrham'i. Ebyjm-Tbah?^.

Conte'xture. «./. [from (i9n«.>r.J '^I'he
difpofition of parts or.c amongJl others S
the compofitioa of arty thing out bffe-
parate parts ; the fyllem ; the conliitu-
tjon ; the manner in which any thing is
woven or formed.

He was nut'of any delicate cmtexiart; his limbs
rather rturdy than dainty.^ : ' H^tiin.

tvery fpecies, atrerv...r.!s e-- ' pro.

duced froui that idc^ fining ''' /Tn.

lexiure of created beings.' i, j"". . ^^./jifmy.

Hence 'gan relax
The ground-'s conttxiurt ; hence Tartarian dregs,
Sulpl;ur and nitrous fpume, cnkindiing fierce,
BcUow'd within tiieur daiklomc ca'.es. I'bUifs.

Th'sapt, (fiT5^*tft «»&.'V«'of the fea, '''■
Makes it the fliips, driv'n by the winds, obey;
Whence hardy merchants fail from ftiore to fhore. ■

" B^ockmore.

Contigna'tion. n.f. [contignatU, Lat.]

1 . A sframe of beams joined together 5 a
Aory. . . - . ■

We mean a porch, or cloiftcr, or the like, of one
ccntigtratkn, and not in ftoricd, buildings. ,

, . ^niiw.'i ArcbiteBure.

Whece more of the i>rders thaii ui.e ihall he fee
in fevcral 'itories or ccntigvaikm, there muft be an
exqulfite care to place the columns one over an-
other. Walton,

2. Tjie aft of framing oi joining a fabrick
of wood. . ,

CoNTiGu'iTY. ». f. [from contiguous. "^
. AcHial contaft ; fituation in which two
bodies or countries touch tipori c!».ch
other.

He defined magnatlcal altraflion to\e a natural

imitation and dilpofition conforming unto mnti-

gulfy. Bi'Civn*

The immediate emigti'iiy ofthat icnvtt. were a

real fpace. li a! tU Origin sf Mtnkind,

GONTrCUOUS. adj. [contlgmts, Latin.^

1. Meeting fo as to touch ; bordering upon
-.teach other ; not feparate.

•Flame doth not mingle with flame as air doth
with air, or water with water, but only remaincth
tsK/ipims J as it cometb to pafs betwixt confifting.
bodies. Bacon I Natural hijii^ry.

The loud mifrule ^

Of chaos far rempv'd ; lell riercc extremes,
C'jrtigiKiis, might diftemper the whole frame. Milt,

The Eaft and Weft,
Upon the globe, a mathematlck point '
Only divides: thus happlnefs and mirsfy.
And all extremes, are ftiU coinigtcu!.

Dcnham's Sofhy,.

DirtingTtifli them by the dhninotion of the lights
anvl Aiadows, joining the CMti^itoai objefts by the
partici(^tion of their colours. Diydeni DitfreJ^oy,

When 1 viewed it too near, the two haltji o£
the paper did not appear fully dividsd from one
antfthSr, hot fccmed contiguats at one 'of their
anjlss. NcoHen'/ Ofiich,-

2. It ha's fometimes nxiith.

Water, hz'in^ 'ccrtiguous ivltb air, cobleth it
but moiflc'neth it not. Bacon's Natural Hiftory.

Con Ti'c nous Lv. ad-v. [fromfc^/y^aicaj.].
Without any intervening fpaoes.

Thus difembroil'd, they take their proper place.
The next of kin cr.nti^ucujiy embtacej '
And foes are funder'd by a larger fpace.
1 ' Drydtn\ OviJi

Conti'guousness. n./. [from contigu-
oiu."] Cloft connexion ; coherence. Dm,

Co'nTI NENCE. -7 r ■ i 1

Co'NT-.NENCV.r--/- i""'""""^' »-«.]

,1., ReRraint ; command of one's felf.
■ii-i, He knew what to lay; he knew alto when- to
, )*»ve.ptf, a cotitimnce which is pradliii'd by few
writeri. IJryJet.'s Fahi,i, Ereftci,

2. Forbearance of lawful pieaiure.

Content without lawful venery, is coirr/fffffV/;
without unlawful, chaflity. Grcw'i Cijmi/iigiat

3. Chaftity in general.

Vt/iiere is he ?—
—In her chamber, making a Icrmon of con!:-
nency to her, and rails, and fwears, and ratco,

t'baltifptwei Tatning of the 6br(w» ■
Sufler not dllhonour to approacii
Th' imperial feat; to virtue confecratc,
.Ta<ju(Uc<^.C(:»/;«i»i'ir, and nobilhy.
Vji :, , , ' Shat:</frarg\'2'itusj4nelr0mi'ul,'

4.. Moderation in lawful pleafurcs.

Chaftity, is either aLftmPncc or continence: ab-

ftinejice is that of viryins or widows j continence;

oT inariied perfons. T.-ylor,

5. Continuity J.

CON

5. Continuity ; uninterrupted courfc.

Anrwen ought Co be mide before tlte fame
judge, before whom the dcpofitionswere produced,
left the ctntaaict of llie courfe Ihould be divided ;
or, in other terms, left there diould be a dlfconti-
nuanee of the caufe. Ayliffci Parrrgcn.

CCNTINENT. oJj. [continem, Latin.]

1. Challe; abllemious in lawful pleafurei.

Life
Hath been as cmlinmt, u chafte, as true.
As 1 »m now unhappy. Sbjkeff. ff^inta-'i 7aU.

2. Reftrained; moderate; temperate.

I pray you, have a cwiineni forbearance, till the
fpeed of his rage goes Qoner. Sbakrfp. KingLear,

3. Continuous ; conneded.

The north-eaft part of Afia, if not nni'mmi
with the weft fide of America, yet certainly is the
Icaft disjoined by fea of all thatcoaftof Afia.

SrtrneooJ on Langua^a,

4. Oppoiing; reftraining.

My defire
All etmtiiunt impediments would o'erbear,
That did oppofe my will. Staktfptart.

Co'ntikent. n.f. [contineni, Latin.]
I. Land not disjoined by the fea from
other lands.

Whether this portion of the world were rent
By the rude ocean from the contw^nt.
Or thus created, it was fure defign'd
To be the facred refuge of mankind. tfallrr.

The declivity of rivers will be fo much the lefs,
and therefore the ctnl'mintt will be the lefs drained,
and will gradually increafe la humidity.

Be»!lty*s Sermom.

X. That which contains any thing. This
fenfe is perhaps only in Shake/feare.

O cleave, my fides \
Heart, once be ftronger than thy ctmtinmi ;
Crack thy frail cafe. Shak. jinttny and Cltopatn.

Clofe pent-up guilts
Ritevour contending (oritinertts* Sbijk. King Lear,

To CdNTI'NGE. v.tt. [co»ii»so, Lat.]

To touch ; to reach ; to happen. Di3.

Conti'ngencb. I »•/• [from eontingenf.]

Conti'ncency. 5 The quality of being

fortuitous ; accidental poflibility.

Their credulities alTent unto any prognofticks,
which, confidering the contingency in events, are
only in the prefcience of God. Brcnun's fulg. Err.
fox once, O heav'n ! unfold thy adamantine
book;
If not thy firm, immutable decree,
At leaft the fecond page of great contingency.
Such as confifts with wills originally free. Drydcn.
Ariftotle fays, we are not to build certain rulei
upon the contingency of human a£tions. S'^ath.

Conti'ncent. adj. [contiiigem, Latin.]
Falling out by chance ; accidental ; not
determinable by any certain rule.

Hazard naturally implies in it, firft, fumcthing
fcture j fccondly, fomething contingent. South.

I firft informed myfelf in all material circum-
ftances of it, in more plac&i than one, that there
might be nothing cafual or contingent in any one of
thofe circumftaneet. JVooJinard.

Conti'noent. n.f.

1. A thing in the hands of chance. ,

By contirgenli we are ro underOanJ th >fc things
which come Co pafs without any human forecaft.
Greiv^t CoJ'mohgia.

His underftanding eoalJ almoft pierce into fu-
ture contingenti, his conjeSures improving even to
prophecy. Soutb'i ScrrncnM.

2. A proportion that falls to any perfon
upon a divifion : thus, in time of war,
each prince of Germany is to furnifh
his ceiuingent of men, money, and mu-
nition.

Conti'kcently. adv. [from contingent. ]
Accidentally ; without any fettled rule.

C O .N

It is digged out of the earth cemingcvtlj, and le-
difftrently, as the pyrita and agates.

fVotdwari't t^atural Uijlay.

CoNTi'vCENTNESS. n.f. [froffl contin-
gent ."^ Accidentalnefi.
Conti'nual. adj. [«»/;«*«/. Latin.]
I. InceiTant ; proceeding without inter-
ruption ; fucceffive without any (ipacc of
time between. Continual is uiedof time,
and cuntinuaus of place.

He that is of a merry heart, hath a eontinaal
feaft, Frtvcrit, xv.

Other care perhaps
May have diverted from continual watch
Our great foibidder. IdiltoH.

'Tit all blank fadncfl, or tonlinual laai. Pope.

z. [In law.] A continual claim is made
from time to time, within every year
and day, to land or other thing, which,
in fome refpeft, we cannot attain with
out danger. For example, if I be dif-
feifed of land, into which, though I
have right into it, I dare not enter for
fear of beating ; it behooveth me to
hold on my right of entry to the beft
opportunity of me and mine heir, by
approaching as near it as I can, once
every year as long as I live ; and fo I
fave the right of entry to my heir.

Co-tvell.

3. It is fometimes ufed (or perpetual.

ContTnually. adv. [from continual.']

I. Without paufe ; without interruption.

The drawing of boughs into the infide of a
room, where fire is continually kept, hath been
tried with grapes. Bjcon.

z. "Without ceaflng.

Why do not all animals continually increafe in
blgnefs, during the whole fpace of their lives ? .
Bcntley^i Sermons.

Conti'nuance. n./. [frota eontiaite.]

1. Succeflion uninterrupted.

The brute immediately regards his own prefer-
vation, or the continuance of bis fpecies.

yiJdifin't SpefJalor.

2. Permanence in one (late.

Conlir.uance of evil doth in itfelf increafe evil.

Sidney.

A chamber where a great fire is kept, though
the fire be at one ftay, yet with the continuance
continually hath its heat incrcafcd. . Sidv.y.

Thefc Romi(h cafuifts fpcak peace to the cnn-
fcienccs of men, by fuggcfting fomething which
fliall fatisfy their mind', notwithftanding a known,
avowed continuance in fins. South.

3. Abode in a place.

4. Duration ; laflingnefs.

You either fear his humour, or my negligence,
that you call in qiieftion the continuance oflii?-
love. Sbak,Jfeare's Tivelfrh Night.

Th<;ir duty depending up-m fear, the one was of
no greater {oniinuance than the other. Hayviurd.

Thatplcalure is not oi ^xvi'^er continuance, whicli
aiifes from tiK prejudice or malice of its hearers.
jUdiJon's FrahclJcr.

5. Perfeverance.

To them who, by patient centinuanet in well-
doing, feek for glory, and honour, and immorta-
lity, eternal life. Rowiani, ii. 7.

6. Progreflion of time. ••• |

In thy bonk aU my members were writteni
which in Cjntinaance were faftiioned.

Pfjlm, c<xxix. 16.

7. Refiftancc to feparation of parts ; con-
tinuity.

Wool, tow, cotton, and raw filk, have, hefides
the defire of continuance in regard of the tenuity
of their ckrcad, a freedinefs of moiilurs. Bacon.

Conti'nuate. adj. Wontinuatus, Latu).]

I. Immediately united.

We are of him and in him, even ai though
our very ficfli and bmes fltould be made ctntinuaH
with hii. Hooker,

Z, Uninterrupted ; gnbroken.

A moft incomparable man, breath'd, ai it Were,
To an untirable and ctntii.uate goodnefs.

Stakrffeare'i Thncr.

A clear body broken to fmall pieces produceth

white j and bccometh moft black while it ii ton-

tinuate and undivided, 15 we fee in deep waters and

thick glalTes. Peacbfm.

Conti'nu ATEi.Y. adv. [from contltiu-
ate.] With continuity; without inter-
ruption.

'Ihe water afcends gently, and by intermiflions ;

but it falls coniiauately, and with force. mkini,

Continua'tiON. a.yl [from continuate-}

Proti-iftion, or fucceflion uninterrupted.

Thefe things muft needs be the works of Pro-
vidence, for The continuation o( the fpecies, and
upholding the world. Ray,

The Roman poem is but the fecond part of the
Ilias; a rofitini/nriofi of the fame flory. Drydin,

Conti'nuative. n,/. [from continuete.J
An expreflion noting permanence or
duration.

To thefe may be added ctntinuatitin i as, Rome
remains to this day) which includes at leaft two
propofitions, vi», Rome was, and Rome is.

ffaiis'i Lngiilk'
Continua'tor. n./. [from continuate.]
He that continues or keeps up the feries
or fucceflion.

It feems injurious to Providence to ordain a viray
of produAion which fliould dcftroy the producer,
or contrive the continuation of the fpecies by the
dcrtruilion of the continuator, Brotvnt t^ulg% Err,

To CONTI'NUE. V. n. [continuer, Fr. «»-
tinuo, Latin.]

1. To remain in the fame (late, or place.

The multitude continue with me now thiee days,
and have nothing to eat. Mattbe^v, xv. 32.

The popular vote
Inclines here to continue, and build up here
A growing empire. Milton,

Happy, but fur fo happy ill fecur'd,
Long to continue, Milrcnt

He (ix days and nights
Continued making. Alifimt

2. To laft ; to be durable.

Thy kingdom Hiall not continue.

I Samuel, x!ii. 14.
For here have we no continuing city, but we
feck one to come, H<ir:tcs, xiii. 14.

They imagine that an animal of the longeft du-
ration (hou'd live in a continued motion, without
that rcll whereby all others ctmriitiir.

Brown't fulgar Errouri,

3. To perlevere.

If ye «nfiii« in my word, then are ye my dif.
ciples indeed. yobn, viii. ji.

Down rulh'd the rain
Impetuous, and continued till- the earth
No more was fecn. Mittm,

To Com \'n\iic.. V. a,

1 . To protraft, or hold without interrup-
tion.

O continue thy loving kindnefs unto them.

Pj..!m xxxvi. io.

You know how tt make yburfelf happy, by
only continuing fuch a life as you have been long
accullomed to lead. Pope.

2. To unite without a chafm, or interven-
ing fubftance.

The ufe of the navel is to continue the infant
unto the mother, and by the vei1i:ls thereof to
convey its alimeuts and fuftenance.

Brown'} fulrar Errouru
Th«

CON

The dailt abj fs, whofc boil!n» gulph
Tamely endur'd a bridge of wDnd'roas length,
From hell ccnt'inued, read^ ig the utmofl orb
or this frail world. Milan's Farajife Ltji.

Here Priam's fon, Deiphobus, he f^und,
TVhofe face and limbs were one continued wound ;
T^iilioneft, with lopp'd arms, the youth appears,
Spoird of his nofe, and Ihorten'd of his cars.

Drydcn's ^neid*
Where any motion or fucceflion is fo flow, as
tliat it keeps not pace with the ideas in our minds,
there the feries of a crjnftantiortw»i-J fucceflion is
loll ; and we perceive it not but with certain gaps
of reft between. hwkc.

Conti'nuedly. ai-u. [from continued.']
Without iaterruption ; without ceafing.

By perieverancc, I do not underOand a ctmti-
muaily uniform, equal courle ai obedience, and
/iich as is not interrupted with^elcaft a^ of fm.

Nirril.

CoNTi'mjER. »./. [from <««//>«(-.] Hav-
ing the power of ped'evcrance.

I would my horfc liad ihe fpced of your tongue,

and fo g-')od a coKfinuer. ■ ^ ■ -■

- • Shakefpicri' i Much adc ahouf N'jfhirg.

CoNTlNu'axY. «./. [cBntinuitas, Li^n,]

I. Connexion uninterrupted ; cubeiien ;

clofe union.

It is certain, that in all bodies there is an appe-
tite of union, and evltation of foluticn of conti-
Muity. Bjccn't Natural Hijhry.

Alter th«, great lights th.^e mu* be great ftj-.
^ws, which we c»ii iTpofc« j betaofe in irjlity
the fight would be tired, if jf fiae ^tCra^rd by >
«jirini(i/jf of glittering objeflsy . / .X^Qujra.

. It wraps itfelf about the flame, nr^ ' - i/i-
awtfy hinders say air Or aitre from ' "

'^Au. , ....•- ..-..•.Ji.

3. Tft phyfick. - - '

_ That lextgre or coheiiooiof- the parti of, an
animal body^ upon the deftrujtion qf which there
is faid to be a^fuluttpn of (tniimij^, l^uincf.

As m the natural body a wou/id'Or; fuiution of
ntitlnuity is woiie than a fprrupf huwfur, (To in the
<P«'tual. ■ JBacif;', Zpyu

The foj<d,fiarta may be contracted by diflulviog
their fwir/irairy ; for a fibre, cut through, cor.trafls
"tfelf. • ' • ■ ' ■ .'- Arbuthmt.

Conti'muou*.' j^j.' f«a^//r«Jni, Latin.]
Joined together without the intervention
of any fpace. .i r , : i'„ = r ; , .

As the breadth of every ring it thus augnKnijd,
th« dark intervals muft be diminjjhed, unti) ^he
neighbouring rings beconi* (ontinms, and, are
Wended. Ncuilaii'i Ofticli^-

To whofe dread cxpanfe,
Citt'tMuiiyt depth, and wond'roos length of courfe.
Our floods are rills, TUmJon's Summer.

Tt CONTO'RT. rv. a. [contortus, Latiu.]
To twiil ; to writhe.
The vertebral arteriea are varioofly nnuriid.'

Say.
Air feems to confift of fpires ccnlorled into fmall
fpheres, through the interftices of which the par-
ticles of light may freely pafs. Chryne.

CoKTo'RTiOK.«./[fromffl»/«r/.]Twift;
wry motion ; flexure.

Difroption they would be In danger of, upon a
great and fudden ilictch or contcrti'yii.

Ray on thtOeatkn.

How can (he acquire thofe hundred graces and
motions, and airs, the contortioiti of every mutcular
motion in the face ? Sinifi

CONTC/UR. n./. [French.] The outline ;

the line by which any figure is defined

or terminated.
Co'ntra. a Latin prepofition, ufcd in

compofition, which fignifies againjl.
CO'NTR ABAND. adj. [courabando, Ital.

contrary to proclamation.] Prohibited ,-

illegal ; unlawful.

CON

1/ there happen to be found an irreverent expref-

fion, or a thought too wanton, in the cargo, let

them be flaved or forfeited, like contrabavd goods.

Drydtn's Fai/esi Preface.

To Co'ntr ABAND. "J. a. [from the ad-

jeftive.] To import goods prohibited.
To CONTRA'CT.-c;. a. [contraauj, Lit.]

1. To draw together into lefs compafs.

' Why love among the virtuci is not known ;
It Is, that love cjittrat?! them all in one. Donne.

2. To leffen ; to make lefs ample.

In all things defuetude docs contraSi and, narrow
our faculties. G'virnment of the 7<.ngue.

3. To dravy the parts of any thing together.

To him the an,;?! with comiaSi-d brow. Milton.

4. To make a bargain.

On him thy grace did liUerty beftow j
But firft cortraBed, that, if ever found.
His head Ihould pay the forfeit. Vrjdcti't Failei.
J. Tq betroth ; to affiance.

The truth i% fljc and J, long lince contraBed,

: Are now fo fure that nothing can dilTolve us.

\ Sbakefpearc.

She was a lady of the higheff condition in that

country, mi tthtraHl-HH.0 a faiaii df merit and <j'a3-

. IJtyJ I ;■ . ■■ .-•■-• I , ratl&.

6. To procure; to bring-; to incur; to
draw ; to get.

Of enemies he could not but coBfrac? good (lore,
while' moving m fo high a fphere. King Chattel.
He that but conceive! a crime in thought, i . ,;
{ Contrufh tht danger of an adlual fault.

'' . , Dryden's ytvtital.

i Uce friendly colours^ found them both unite,

i And ejsh fjopi each fOB/Mif?. new ftrength and light.
:'■ . ., Fife.

■ Soell kha^l^urisi ^Mrrit^ ' by having much
' conwiftd with perfons of high ftations. Siufi.

j. To Ikorten : as, life was contraded.

8. To epitomife ; to abridge.

f'o CoNT« a'ct. f . «. '

i. Ta ftirink up ; to grow Ihort.

! 'Vi^Datevei empties the yefTels, gives room to the
' ffbres to f m/fW; jirbutbmt on Alimentt.

2. To barg'ain : as, W contraft/or a quan-
tity of prowijuns.

Contra'ct. furt.adj. (from the verb.]
Affianced ; contrafted. . ;.. . c , i /
.,• ,. firft was he ircsirfli'? to lady T,n«j'j
YoBc mothei fives a witnefs to that vow.

; ' , ShsktJpcareiUicbar'ii'iW.

Co'ntract. tt.f. [from the verb. Anci-
] ently accented on the lafl.]

1 . An adl whereby two parties are brought
together ; a bargain ; a compadl.

The agreement upon oicjrri, by mutual ccn/raff,
vvlth the confcnt to execute them by common
(VsT't'lhi <^'y make the rife of all civil guvtrn-
rtitnts'i ' • ' ■ • Temple.

Shall Ward -draw €mtral}i with a (latefnian's
(kill ?
Or Japhet pocket, like his gmee, a will ? Pope.

2. An aft whereby a man and woman are
betrothed to one another.

.Touch'd you the baltardy of Edward's chil-
, . drrn ?— •
—I J'l !. '.vlth fiis ctnlr^iB with lady Lucy,
.'■traQ by deputy in France.

Sbakefpeare'i Richard \\i.

3. A writing in which the terms of a bar-
gain are included.

CoNTR a'ctedness. n. f. [from contrail-
ed.] The ilate of being contrafted ;
contradlion. Di<!i.

CONTRACTIBl'l,lTY. tt. /. [frOm CO/t-

tra(fiiile.'\ Poflibility of being contraft-
ed ; quality of fuffering contraftion.

By tnis continual contraflibiHiy and dilatability
by different degrees of beat, the air is kept in a
conilant raotioot jirbuibnot.

CON

Contra'ctible. adj. [from (a»traS.1
Capable of contraftion.

Small air bladders, dilatable and eentrafiiile, are
capable to be inflated by the admiflion of air, and
to fubfide at the expulfion of it.

Arbitthnot on Aliments.
CoNTR a'ctibleness. ». /. [from con-
iraaible.] The quality of fuffering con-
traftion. Dia.
Contra'ctile. adj. [ from contraa. ]
Having the power of contraftion, or of
fhortening itfelf.

The arteries are elaAick tubes, endued with a
conira^ile force, by which tliey fquceze and drive
the blood ftill forward. Arbuthnot on Alimenl$m

CoNTR a'ction. fi./. [contraaio, Lat.]

1. The aft of contrafting or fliortening.

The main parts of the poem, fuch as the fab!«
and fentimcnts, no tranllator can prejudice but by
omiflions or contra^ions. Fope's Ejfay on Homer*

2. The aft of Ihrinking or Ihrivelling.

Oil of vitriol will throw the ftomach into invo-
luntary contrarians. Arbuthnot &n A'iments.

3. The ftate of being contrafted, or drawn
into a; narrow compafs.

Some things induce a contraSiion in the nerves,-,'

placed in the mouth of the ftomach, which is a

great caufe of appetite. Bacon,

Comparing the quantity of contraffion and dila-

, tation made by all the degrees of each colour, I J

^ j found it greateft in the red. Nenvton's Opticks*

'4. [In grammar.] The reduftion of two .
' vowels or fyllables to one.
5. Any thing in its ftate of abbreviation
. or contraftion : as, tbe turiting isfull tif

contraftions.
Contra'ctor. »./. [from contraa.] One.

of the parties to a contraft or bargain.

■Let the meafure of your aflirmation or denial
be the, undeiftanding of your contraHor ; for he
that deceives the buyer or the feller by fpeaking
what is true, in a fenfe not underftood by the
other, is a thief. Taylor's Rule of Living Holy*
All matches, fricndihips, and focicties, are dan-
gerous and Inconvenient, where the contraSors are
not equals, j . , i L'EJirange.

To CONTRADl'CT. <». a. Xcoutradico,
Latin.]

1 . To oppofe verbally ; to aflert the con-
trary to what has been afferted.

I It is not lawful to contradiB a point of hiftory
j which is knuwn to all the world, as to make
: Hannibal and Scipio cootemporarics with Alex-
ander. Dryden*

2. To be contrary to ; to repugn ; to op-
pofe.

I No truth can contradiB any truth. Hookit.

! fi.'- t,) 1 £-(»i/<-«</ifl your banes !

' If you >wU marry, make your loves to me.

,. J. ,, S bat ffpcare't King Lear*

CoNTRADi'cTER. n.f. [i'rom ccniradia.'\
One that contradifts ; one that oppofes j
an oppofe r.

If no coniriidiller appears herein, the fuit will
furvly be good. Aybiffe^s Farergon*

If a gentleman is a little fincere in his reprefen-
tationt, he is lure to have a dozen eontradiffers,

Siuif's yientf of Ireland,

Contr ADi'cTioN. n.f. [from fffB/raaVV?.]

1 . Verbal oppofuion ; controverfial affer-
tion.

That tongue,
Infplr'd with confradiBien, durft oppo(e
A thiiJ part of the godl. Milttn'sFaradifeLofi,

2. Oppofition.

Canfidvr him that cndurcth fuch contradiHion
of finacts againtt himfclf, left ye be wearied.

Jieircivl, xii. 3.

3. Incon-

CON

3.tI»co.ofiftency with iifelfj incoogruUy
in words'or thoaghts.
C :.. V ; ,' > That were

l^u:.:.:.. , .1. .-,-u.-n:

■Ot weajcnrfsj not of pow'r, Mihtii't Pit. J^ifi-
The Ipoftle'j idvice, to be anury and iin not,
was a emtroitlKtm irt their phitofopby. '

5, Soulb't StnKni.
\( truth be once perctrvca, we do thereby aUb
J«i*ciV!: whaUbci et i« falfc in ccrrrailiil'nn t/^ it.

Grrtv'i Cofmoto^ja*

4. COTifraricri', in^thou^ht or effeA. '

AH icnrraJiOhm grow m thofe mindi, wh?ih

neither abfohRsly ciimb the rock ot virtue, -nor

fri-ely fink into chefea of vanity. SklHef.

Laws human muft be made without ttntraiii^hon

unm any poricive law iri fcripture. • Huokir^

CoNTRABi'ff isius. adj. [ftcaa foatra-

did.} ■■',■■' _,.!. ;' ■

j.T'Filledwithcontradiaions; inconfiiteht.

'The tairv of decency, of" gov«rtim«nt, of jufti<e
itrdt', aie fo ditterfnt in on - -' - ' — in wl «t tUcy .
acshi anatlicr, lb pitty-civ -.iraiiifiiau:,

that o»6 nKiuld think th- . , . men altered
»l»)r4biSV>. their climates. ,; . | ^J ■ • j C«Vjfr.

2. Inclined to contradift ;, given to caifij,;

3.. Opjpoihe to ivinconfilkiit with.

i Jfchereiiie »&.'» unmanly, ind. the expeSatMtn
immital, ot coyitr.iilclkui tatheatttifewtes of Qoii,
euahopes-wtfoa^t never ta^«ci>'SA Cafl/i''-

.. 1 . .'■•■ .■:i' r^ f: .17 ;.■ .•■■v

L'-Iiiconiillency ;'cott*ai4?iH;'t*1tftJfC I •

'J'his opinion wa3,ftr'>K ahiXi^tjailditiifriiAV-
Sotjitfi, u'tpiiwrthjicof^l&dxeeuei fpirit nf'Fiata.

^^ :\i i -. •.v\-:i ~:«, /;.,•.■ . . : .fr^i-

2. Difpofition to cavil ; difpataj^ws tejn.-

„d?^ r.^*-.".'^- - "-rM > .., . -«-, ■. T r , I,'

fioiucij' to otner>,

r-Shchevkive dikouited l»e)**,hov»fei4i«r/ej5f,
eojitrjUly, <»t cmtradiH ri/y ici'iy^te^ theaifelvet,
thatm iiAta\iUvtiiom ttcnce i.»kt leipijoably
dflductd. - i ■ . , ■• : ■■■■-■..- tiLi.f^SV"'

CJP«t1tj\ttl'cTORtWB»» *•/• [from re».
i^yiaory^ Oppofitiqn in the higheft

CoNTRADi'«;Toit.Y. ^Jj; [coniroIUJliHui ,
HaiTin.'J J^''-.'^' ' ■ /' '■''''!•"' ■''

1. Qppofite toi'ftt^iort'iiftentiWA:^' '"

ThVJcWs hold, that in cafe two r^tSWes IhtuU

happen to contradift ontf »noth<'r, they were yet

bound toljeUeve the rMfadiacAf -aflertions of both.

Soari's ^ermimu

.The <ch«#«>f iKoft g<n^e*M» airet.'fiBoft -ab-
furd, and conirjJinory to common fenfe. .
.-,;;■ . ,, . yiJUifiii'l FifcboltHr.

2. tTnl(wWc)-That whick is in the fuUefl
oppofitton', where both the te»m» of one

'propolltion are pppofite to thofe of an-
other. - ■ -j • I • i J "■
Co K T «L * i«'cT<fri<-ii«.--»r/' '■ A ^opofition
which oppofes another in all its terms ;
contrariety; inconfiftency.

Jt is conimonVitU princes to will irtrttrnJu'lvie! ;
fof it is tfae folccifm of po^cr to thiiJe to com -
roiin4 the co^ and yet not to eridure the means.

Ba:cn,

To aferiksunto him a power of aleftion, not

. to chu^p ^n or .t)>at inditferent^, ii tp make tlic

fame thing to be determined to 01^, and to be not

detcrmijied to one, whicli arc ^ortraJifloriei,

Brinnbjlti An^cr tp HM(s.

CoKTRADii^i'iJCTioN. tt. /. [hUta'ciri-
ti'aJijiinguiji.] Diftinai'on by oppofite

qualities.

We muft trace the f»«l to ih* w»y» of '"M'-
leAuai aitiwti, wlicicby w «iy come to tlie dif-

in fwirr*;

CON

• rf "hat It meant by 'm»sInJtlon,
I imt other, powei-s.

Clanvi/li'i $ctfjii'

Th*f there are fuch things a's fins of tnflrmity,

I !u nr.irail'p'"'lUpa to thofe of jirrfumption, ia, a

' tniA not !0 be qiicftloncd. SQulh.

To CONTRADISTI'NGUISH. v. a.
[from centra and dijiinguijh .'\ Todirttfi-
guifti not fimply by differential but by
oppofite qualities.

The primary iJ-'as we have peculiar tp body, a<.

CO., ■ ■' ' ' ' ■ , -rdkhecohJltOnpffoJid,

I ar , parrs, and a poweV cf

. cc. . . ; impuifc. ' Z-arV*

"plcX ideas of foi/l an<J body,

as I I. ; 1 . LocU.

Co.vTKAFi'ssuiiis. */. [from r»«*rf« ahd
Mure.]- ■ ■ V

' CiiT.ii.fions, when great, do ufually product i
j fiffnreor craikDf (he fcuU, either in thefaw'^ psrt
I where the bKiW was-inflidledj and then iPit called
' firtUre; ocln' the conmry part, ia which flafc it

obtains the ntlme of cpnrr^J/itrt, H^Jtman,

p CONTRAITvDICAT£.,5?, «. {^"t^ra
apd-.^yfeft i-at.},.', JP pqRt.piit fopie
peculiar or incidental fymptom or me,
thodef cure, solitary Jto jvhacthe gone-.
ral tenour of the malady rwgiiresi

, Vofnitsi have thdc ute in this mHlady ) but the
! ageanJ fci of the-jpotionrior otJ.er i;rgcoto» fo»*
; rrowi^jca/ifl^tfj'abptoms, naarftiK-okferileiiii
1 X::i. . ■• , .u.UamguMdljvkfHm'ii

S^tiWTItjkl'w^jdA'TION. >!./. [from Ci.,:-

1 i^aiMlrare.] A'li jHdicitioh'oiT;

whicK'forbids tliat to' Be dori'e u - -

, inainffope of a dif«afe points wt at
|.firil..' .,,..;.:■.. • - ' «'-"-

( I eaUmnmtD give the ktvril: f;m,iir

diftcmper, and, jm*,^gaer, diet :. -!;i: .

ithe complicationsof the Jtft, or i
tothefecinj. , " ' 'An>i

OKTR
Infor

'■./.[mifKct/i'/'f, r'rtnch. J

, is an diat-waj/.(>i''lt aBpij^t

the npi,l).Wf^<l?f ^ (^fyr; : , :;^A'?7'^-'- :

Co N T R A N i't E K c Y . n. /..{(tOm (cutiti and

vittnrs, lEiit.-J) 1 1 p.e»aion i. 'a rcultency/a-

gainll preifure. .u:: .:■ h', , . v J)iS.

Co N T R A ptwji'T'roif . ». fi ■ [from icutra

and^£^4'(!«'.] A plating ovef-agafnft?''"

Co N.T R A ft ^ o, ij V a'r i.t*"', ''\J\ [frpni ('"'■■>

/r«'and r<f;f/i»;*)'.]'',G(J>ttrariety : :'-.

It is not only it's riot prbiSio'ti;ig, but
or at leaftifs natviVsl aptncfs te oppofc, ;,v ,,.^-.^1
and beftvof end* j fo thai it is not fo properly an
irregularity as a uatrarcguiar'ity. fftirtis.

CoNTR a'riant'. iidj. [ccntrnrlant, from
: fOK/r-anVr, French.] Iriconfifteirt ; Cofl-
tradifSory; 3 t|tr{n <?f iavy- : , ..- ■,

The very depolitions of witneflfes (jiemfelves
befog falle, *ario«»r«»f*'r»i«r,:fi»8to, 'oconclud-
ent, ; . n r ■' ^jfiffc'lPar'Tgon.

Co'ntr ARi Ks. »./. [from contrary.'] In
logkk, prapofuions which dcllroy each
other, biu of which the falfehood of one
does nofeft''^'-"^ -"iC triith of the other.

>ilf two#ni. .n (pjjnty, they are con-

Irivitf-y.^i, I J -^^lyirie, nt vim ii arra.

'Tlicre fiin never be boUi'irue together, but th^y

may be both fflCc. ' Watii'i Lcgkk.

CpNT«Aiti'EtT. «./ [frOBI cmrariet^Si

Latm;] ' '

I. Repugnance; oppofition.

The will abo\jt one and the feuve thing may, in
contiary rcfpefls, have conttai? inclinations, and
that^iffithout (»irriM'/<y(- . UkUt.

flaking a ron-'rarM/y the place of my memory,
in lior foulncfs i beheld Pamda's falrnefs, flill
looking on .Moj'fa, bat thinking on l^auieia. 6Vji.

CO N

He which will perfeAly recover t lick, tai rt*

ftorc a difeafed, body unto' health, muff not eniici-

, voar 10 much to bring it to a ftate of (imple csntta-

rieti, as of fi: proportion in ctntrarieij unto thol^

evils which are Vo be cuied. lh:itr.

It principally failed by late fetting out, and ly
fome cmtrer:fty of we:itbcr at fea, tVmur^

Their rcli jion had more than negative ctatraritiy

to virtue. ' Defoy »f P'ifij,

I There i» a eentrar'itty between thofe things that

coilfcience inclines to, anj tliofe that entertair^ the

fcnfes. , , _ Somk.

Tliefe twd interell?, if is to be feared, cannot
be divided ; but they will aHb prove oppofite, and,
not rcftins; in a bm diverfity, quickly rifc inio a
forrtrarirtj. '' ' ^ Sourb.

Thefe is notliins oiDre eoinioon than tmtraritty
of opinians ; nothing more obvious (lun that 01^
man wholly dilbelieves what another only doubts
of, and * thitd ftedfallly believes and drmly ad.
heres to. Lucht

i. Inconfiftency ; qaality Or pofiticn d^--^
I ftruftive of its oppofite. '

He wilt he-hcre, and yet he is not here ;
How can tliefe «»fr«r;rti« agree ?■ • . ;«

•;• ' ■ ^' Khaiefleare't Henry W,,_

(fcoKt'RA'«itY. Ad-v, [from rtwrrar)-.] • '' '
; ftj^a manner contrary. ' *

j Many of th m confpire to one and the ftme

I action, asii all' tliis r<»«riiT/^ to the laws cf fptci'

fick gravity, iiit whatever -polhuq the body be

i'ocmed. /■- 1 Kay m tht Crtalint.

;;. different Wa • ' ' ■ " ^'ins.

'Thoi/ghWln AiU»

t.SiAj th>!rti fo •C'rr /!• ^ of

th*fO 4o what is evih cUt

^d'rVt R A'R'i.NtSS. 'I- J^f .^truiii ceniraryf^

Coji.tr^rie.^y ; oppoiition. Di3.

•^ON T R a'r lou s . a.ij. [from ccitrmy.l <[Jp-X

'pofitc; repn^nam'theoiw to the other.

'' - ' . li

i <'r err:." .;'■;-:>',

! 1\ DioVidencettlrooghhTsaiortcotWl??

pj'N'TitA'.RrtJ'^sKV. <iife.;.'[fTrW' ctahrn-
' ,r/«i(i.] Oppofheiy ;' contrarily.

I Many things, having lull reference ,

' Ttrone confent',' may work r(?»!/riiTi*j^J^.

f :..;.. .... "i. . ...i .Sbihijpiart't Hittry^.

ontra'riwise. adv. \^ceatrary and
•»!;//&.] '
Converfely.
, Divers medicines in greater quantity move flool,
; aiiS in fAalfei' lirinej and fo, contrarkvifr, fome
! in greater quantity move urine, and in finjillcr
^ (lopl. Ba:on'i Natural BJIirf.

F.vcry thing that afts upon the fluids, mull, at.
the fame time, hSi uypn the follds, and ccnirarkBi/t.
I . 'J ^buthnu on yiitmenii.

J2. Oppofltely*i!./j i ii- ' " "-

r . ai'.e matter of fSth is conftaot; the matter,
' fM(/r<ir>if^, of a<H«ns daily changeable, f/coktr.
I This reqoeft vf as never before made by any other
lords; but, tcnfi.rriTOf/'f, they were humble fuitors
to have the benefit »ai ptoteAion of the Jingliili-
laws. Diivici on Ir.lund.

,The fijn may fet and rife ;
•''But we, csntrjr'r.oi^e.
Sleep, after ou'r ifiort light, ' " *

One evcrtailing night. .r ^._ ,.rU

■ ,Ra!rigb':HiJI}iyc/tbcWl>r^'
CCNTRARY. adj. [coitlrarius, Latin.)
I. (Oppofite,; eoturadiftpry ; not fimpl/
dift'ereiit, or not ali!c,e, but repugnant, (o
that one dellroys or obftrutts the other.

■ Perhaps fome tiling, ffpugn«at ti her kind.
By ftciip tile C)ul may kill ;

But ■ cntr^tj to the mind.

Which i _..t.,iUniries ia conoiW Aiil f- '■•

!. Inconfiifcnx ; difagfe^io£.

Bevies,

' He

CON

,H» that belie»et it, and yet lives ur.trjry to it,
knovfs that he hath no reafon for what he does.

The vafiouj and cmtrary choices th«t men make
in the world, do not argue that they do not a!:
purfue good j but that the fame thing is not good
to every man alikp. Lockt.

3. Adverfe ; in an oppofite direflion.

The (hip was in the midft of the iea, tolfcd with
the waves j for the wind was co»rrflrv.

MiUlb. xiv. 24.

Co'ntrary. »./ [from the adjeftive.]

1. A thing of oppofite qualities.

^o contraries hold more antipathy.
Than I and fuch a knave. Sbahff. King Lear.

He fuilg
Why entrants feed thunder in the cloud.

Ccwfey^l Davitfris.
Honour (honld be concern'd in honour's caulc ;
That is not to be cur'd by ccrtrarirt.
As bodies are, whofe health is often drawn
From ranlieft poifons. Southerns Oreomh.

2. A propolition contrary to fome other;
a fid contrary to the allegation.

1 he inibnces brought by our author are but
. iknder proofs of a right to civil power and domi
nJOD in the firll-born, and do rather flisw ihc

contrary. i^ocke.

3. On theCoKT*.\KY. In oppofition ; on
the other fiie.

He pleaded ftill not guilty ;
The king's ^tornejr, or. the ciir,trjty,
Urg'd on cxamirations, proofs, confefllons.
Of diverfe witjielfes. Sbair/feare's HtttryVUl,
If jurtite .lood on the fide of the fingic perfun,
it ought to g'.vc good mrn pieafure to fee that ligh:
ihoiild t.ilc; phc- ; bar when, on ihi eonirary, the
commonweil of a whole nation is ovciborn by
private intereft, what giod man but moft lament ?

Siuift.

4. 7» /*? Contra RV. To a contrary
purpofe ; to an oppofite intent.

They did ic, not for want of inJlru^ion to the
• ctntrari. Stillingjieel.

To Co^NTRARy. -v. a. [corttraritr, Fr.]
To oppoie ; to thwart ; to contradift.

When I cam; to court, I was advifcd not to con-
trary the Icing. Latimer.
Finding in him the force of it, he wo'ild no
further ontrary it, but employ all his fervlce to
me^cine it. Siilney.

CaNTRAST. «./. [contrafie, Fr.] Op-
pofition and difllmilitude of figures, by
which one contributes to the viiibilityor
effeft of another.

To Co.ntha'si. -u. a. [from the noun.]

1. To place in oppolitiow, fo that one
figure ihews another to advantage.

2. To (hew another figure to advantage by
\ti colour or fituaiion.

The figures of the groups muft not be all on a
li le, thai is, with their faces and bodies ail rtirnc^l
the lanieway ; but muil »«r«/?each other by their
feveral pofitioni. liryden.

CojjTR avalla'tion. tl. /. [from contra
and vaUo, Lat.] The fortification thrown
op by the belicgers, round a city, to
hinder the fallies of the garrifon.

"When the late cz.ir of Mufcuvy fiill acquainted
hiinf:!f with niath':madcal leainiug, he p rail! ft
aM the rules of circurnv^llition and eantrava/Ltin
at tic fiege of a town in Livonia.' tVaiii'i L-j/Jc,

ToCONTRAVE'NE. v. a. [contra and

■venii, Lat.] To oppofe ; to obilrucl ; to

baffle.
Co N- r R A V e'n E R . n.f, [from contravene. ]

Me who oppoles another.
Co.<T R avs'ni lo.v. n.j. [French.] Op-

polltion.
Vol. f.

CON

If ChrHllanity did not lend its name to ftand in
the gap, and to employ or divert thcfe humours,
they muft of necelh-.y be fpent in contramitiior.s to
the lawb of the land. S-tvifi-

Contraye'rva. n. /. [contra, againit,
and yerva, a. naine by which the Spa-
niards call black hellebore ; and, per-
haps, fometimes poifon in general.] A
fpeciesof birthwort growing in Jamaica,
where it is much ufed as an alexiphar-
mick. M'l^"-.

CoktrBCTa'tion. n.f. [contre^atio, La-
tin.] A touching or handling. Difl.

Co N T R i'b u T A R Y . adj. [from ccn and tri-
butary.'\ Paying tribute to the fame fo-
vereign.

Thus we arc engaged in the objefts of geometry
and arithmeiick ; yea, the whole mathematicks
muft be ccntritutoty, and to them all nature pays
a Qjbfldy. GhrvilU'! S:,fjh.

To CONTRI'BUTE. -v. a. [contriiuo, La-
tin.] To give to fome common ftock ; to
advance towards fome common defign.

England contributes much more than any other
of tlie allies. jidJ-pii on the fyhr.

His mafter contributed a great fum of money
to t'-.e Jcfuitj church, which it not yet quite
tinilhed. Aidijon on Italy.

To Co N T R i'b tJ T E . v. II. To bear a part ;
to have a (hare in any aft or effed.

"Whatever praties may be given to vAoiks of
judgment, there is not even a (ingle beauty in them
to which the invention mull not catiiiutc.

?Qpi*s £JJ'ay on Hunter.
CoNTE ibu'tiOK. n./. [from contribute.^

1. The aft of promoting fome defign in
conjunftion with other perfons.

2. That which is given by feveral hands
for fome common purpole.

It hath pleafcd them of Macedonia to make a
certain centribuiion for the poor faints. Rom. zv. 26.

Parents owe their childnrii not only material
fubfiHence for tlicir body, but much m&refpirituai
ccniribul'ioni ios their mind. Di^oy.

Beggars are now maintained by voluntary contn-
butsoss, Graunt's Bills of Mortality.

3. That which is paid for the fupport of
an army lying in a country.

The people 'twi«t I'hilippi and this ground
Do Hani but in a forc'd afi'eflion ;
For they have grudg'd us contribution,

Sbatefpeare*s yuliusCafar.

Contri'butive. ae/J. [from contribute.]
That which has the power or quality of
promoting any purpofe in concurrence
with otiier motives.

A; thr value of the pr-vmifes renders them moft
proper intcntives to virtue, fo the manner of pr?-
pofing we Iha'l find alfo highly coniributive to the
fame end. '' ' ' Decay f Piny .

Contr i'butor. n.f. [from contribute.]
One that bears a part in fome common

, defigti ; one that help, forward, or ex-
erts his endeavours to fome end, in con-
juiiftion with others.

1 pro.nis'd we would be cemtriluforSf
And bear his charge of wcjoing, whatfoe'er. Shalt.

A grand C(.nirit>uijr 10 our dilleutions is pjlhori.
Veeay of Piety.

Art thou a true lover of thy cnuntiy ? zealous

■ for its/eligiou! and ci\il libertie< ? and a rhearfiil

c'jttrihul^r to all thnlit public expenccs which have

been thought nccellary to fecure them < Aticrbury.

The whole people were witneli'es to the building
of tlie ark and tabernacle j they were all contributors
to it. Forbe!.

Contri'butory. adj. [from contribute ]
Promoting the fame end ; bringing a(-

C O N

fiftance to fome ioint defign, or increafc
to fome common flock.

To CONTRI'STATE. «;. a. [contrip,
Latin.] To fadden ; to make forrowful;
to make mel.ancholy. Not ufed.

Ciackncls and darkneis are but privatives, and
therefore have little or no adivity : fomewhat they
do ccvlrifate, hut very little. Bacon's Nat. Uiflcry.

CoNTRiST a'tion. n.f. [from contri^ate.]
The aft of making fad; the ftate of
being made fad ; lorrow ; heavinefs of
heart ; fadnefs ; forrowfulnefs ; gloomi-
ncfs ; grief; moan ; mournfulnefs ; trou-
ble ; difcoiuent ; melancholy. Not ufed,

Incep.fe and nidorcus fmells, fifch as were <it
facrifices, were thought to intoxicate the bialni
aod to difpofe men to devotion; which they may
do by a kind of fadnefs and coittri/l-ation of the
'fpirits, and partly alfo by heating and exalting
them . Bacon's Natural H:Jl»y.

CONTRI'TE. adj. [eor.tritus, Latin.]

1. Bruil'ed ; much worn.

2. Worn with forrow ; harafled with the
fenfe of guilt ; penitent. In the books
of divines, contrite is forrowful for fin,
from the lovi; of God and defire of
pleafmg him ; and attrile is forrowful
for fin, from the fear of punifhment.

1 Richard's h;dy have interred now;
And on it have bciVowed more contrite tears.
Than I'lOm it ifl'ucd forced drops of blood.

Stakeffeare's Henry V,
With tears
Wat'ring the.ground, and with our fighs the air
Frequenting, fentfrom hearts crnfrite, in fign
Of forrow unfeign'd, and humiliation meek.

Mi/lm.

The contrite finner is reftored to pardon, and,

through I'aith in Chrift, our repentance is entitled

to falvation. Rogens.

Contri'teness. n.f. [from contrite.}

Contrition ; repentance. Di^,

Contri'tion. n./ [from contrite.']

1. The aft of grinding, or rubbing to
powder.

Some of thofe coloured powders, which painter*
ufe, may have their colours a little changed, by
being very claboiately and finely ground ; where I
ftc not what can be juftly pretended for thofe
changes, befides the breaking of their parts into
Ufs parts by that contrition. Nituicns Ofticis.

2. Penitence ; forrow for fin : in iheftrift
fenfe, the forrow which arifes from the
defire to pleafe God ; diilinguirtied from
attrition, or imperfeft repentance pro-
duced by dread of hell.

What is lorrow and cor.iriiion for fin ? A being
grieved with l\\i confcience of lin, not only that
we have tliercby incurred fuch danger, but alfo
that we have lo unkindly grieved and piovokcd fn
good a'God. Hiimmoitd': Praflica! Catechifm.

Fruits of more pleafing favour, from thy feed
Sown with contrition in his hcait, than thofe
Which, his own hand manuring, all the trees
Of Paradifc could have pioduc'd. Mitt. Par. LoJI.

Your faftijig, contrition, and mortification, when
the church and ftate appoints, and that efpecially
in times of greater riot and luxury.

Spratt's Sermons.

My future days fhali be one whole contrition j
A chapel will 1 build with large endommenc.
Where every day an hundred atjcd men
Shall all bold up their wither'd hands to heav'n.

DryJen*

CoNTB I'vABi.n. fl(^'. [from contrive.] Pof-
fibie to be planned by the mind ; poffi-
ble to be invented and adjufled.

It will hence appear how a perpetual motion
lOay fecra caiily contrivable. lyUkiitl'l Dadalus.

J 3 F Com-

CON

ConTiit'vAiiCE. »./. [from eoHtrivi.'^
1. The aft of contriving; excogitation;
the thing contrived.

Tkere is no work itnpoffible to thcfe emtri-
I'lif.iu, but tliere mis be as much i€ltd by thU art
•s can be fancied by imagination.

H^Vkhi'i AUtbcmaticjl Magk.
laftniAed, you'll «p1ore
TiWiM aulr'nitnic, asd a God adore.

B'stkmtre^l CrfdticH.

£. Scheme ; plan ; difpofition of parts or
caufes.

Uur bodies arc mad; according to the moft cu-
rious artifice, and orderly ccnirivance.

Glamiille't Sciffs.

3. A conceit ; a plot ; an artifice.

Have 1 not niaiiag*d my contrivance well.
To try your love^ and make you doubt of mine ?

Drydcn.
There might be a feint, a conirivuncc in the
matter, to draw him into fame fecrct ambulh.

jiticrhry.

Ta CONTRI'VE. -J. a. [controuver, Fr.]

I. To plan out ; to excogitate.

One that flept In the cantiivUg luft, and waked
to do it. Siakfjfiarc'i King LiJr.

What more Ukdy to coniri-at this admirable
fame of the univcrte than iniinite wiidom i

TilUtfon.

Our poft has always fome beautiful defign,

vhich he 5rfl riUbliihet, and then coturivet the

means which will naturally conduct him to Iris end.

VryJen.

Z. To wear away. Out of ufe,

I'iirce ages, fuch as mortal men cDntrive,

Fairy S^un.
Pleafe ye, we may untrivc this afternoon.
And quaff caroufes to our miHrcfs' hcaltli. Sbtil.
To CoNTRi'vE. 1;. ti. To form or defign;
to plan ; to fcherae ; to com plot.

Is it enough
That nufting habits, and a tnrrow'd name.
Contrive to hide my plenitude of fhame ? Prior.

CoNTRi'vEMENT. ». /. [from contri've.\

, Invention. Dia.

Go N T R. I'v £ K . n. /. [ from co>itri've.'\ An

jnventer ; one that plans a defign ; a

fchemer.

1 , the miftrefs of your charms.
The clofe contriver of all harms.
Wis never cnll'd to bear my part. Shai. Macbeth.
£petts, who the fraud's antri-vcr was. Denham.
Plain loyalty, not built on hope,
J leave to your contriver. Pope :
None loves his king and country better.
Yet none was ever lefs their debtor. Siii/t.

Scenes of blood and dcfolatiun, I had painted
as the common eft'cfts of thofe dcftruftive ma-
chines; wheieof, hefaid, fome evil genius, enemy
to mankind, mull have been the firit contriver.

Siuift^s GtJliver's Travels.

CONTRO'L. n.f. {controh, that is, coittre

role, French.]
1. A regifter or account kept by another

officer, that each may be examined by

the other.
Sp Check ; reftraint. \

Let parti >< fpirits flill aloud complain,
Think themlclves injur'd that they cannot tcign ;
And own no liberty, but where they may,
V/itUout mMrcl, upon their fellows prey. WalUr.

He fhall feel a force upon himfelf from within,
and from the control of hit own principles, to engage
jiim to do worthily. South,

If the fiuncr fhall win fo complete a viftory over
liii confcience, that all thsfc conliderations (hall be
able to flrike no terrour into liis mind, lay no re-
ftrrtint upon his lufts, no control M^n his appetites,
Iw ii ccruinly Cou fuoog for the means of grac;.
Sntb'i Stniini.

CON

- Sptak, what Phoebus has infpir'd thy foul
For comait)n good, znd fpcak without control.

Ihjilen'i Homer,

3. Power ; authority ; fuperintendence.

The beads, the filhes, and the winged fowls,
Are their males' fubjefts, and at their controh,

Shaktjpeare,

To Contro'l. "u. a. [from the noun.]

1. To keep under check by a counter
reckoning.

2. To govern ; to reftrain ; to fubjeft.

Authority to convent, to toxtrol, to punifli, as
far as with excommutiication, whomfoever they
think worthy. Hooter.

Give me a ftaff of honour for mine age ;
But not a fccpcre to ctnirst the world.

Shaktjfeare'i Titut ^ndronicus.

Who (hall control me for my works ? Eccl. v. 3.

I feel my virtue llruggling in my foul ;
But ftronger paifion does its pow'r control.

Drydin's Aurengxche,

With this be did a herd of goats control.
Which by tlic way he met, and flily dole ;
Clad like a country fwain he pip'd and fung,
And playing drove his jolly troop along. Dryien.

O, dearelV Andrew, fays the humbU droll.
Henceforth may I obey, and thou control. Prior,

.3 . To overpower ; to confute : as, he con-
trolled all the evidence of his ad'verjary.

As for the time while he was in the Tower,
and the manner of his brother's death, and his own
efcape, ftie knew thy were things that a very few
could control. Bacon'i Henry VII.

Contro'llable. ttdj, [from control. 1
Subjeft to control ; liibjeft to command ;
fubjcft to be over-ruled.

Paflion is the drunkenncfs of the mind, and
therefore, in its prefent workings, not contnllahk
by rcafon. South,

Contro'ller. n,/, [from control.] One
that has the power of governing or re-
Itrairiing ; a fuperintendent.

He does not calm his contumelious fpirit.
Nor ceafc to be an arrogant controller.

Sbakefpcare^s Henry VI.
The great nntroUer of our fate
Dcign'd to be man, and liv'd in low eltate. Dryd.

CoNTRo'LLERSHip.w.y^ [from Controller,]

The office of a controller.
Contro'lment. n.f. [from control.]

1 . 'I'he power or aft of fuperintending or
reftraining.

2. The ftate of being reftrained ; reftraint.

They made war and peace with one another,
without controtment. Vavies on Ireland.

3. Oppofition; confutation.

Were it rcal'on that we fliould fuft'er the fame
to pafs without nntrolmint, in that current mean-
ing, whereby every whf.re it prevailcth. Hooker.

4. Refiftance ; hoftility.

Here have we war for war, and blood for blood,
Coiitrolmcnf for controlment. Shukejp. King "John.
Controve'rsi AL. adj. [from cotttro'ver-
fy.] Relating to difputes ; difputatious.

It happens in ccntrovcijial difcourfes" as it docs
in the all'aulting of towns, where, if the ground
be. but firm whereon the batteries are erefted, there
is no farther ciiqulry whom it belongs to, fj it
affords but a fit rife for the prefent purpofc. Locke.
Co'ntroversy. 11,/. [confrover/ia, Lat.]
1. Difputc; debate; agitation of contrary
opinions : a dii'pute is commonly oral,
and a controver/y in writing.

How Cometh it to pafs that we are fo rent with
mutual contentions, and that the church is fo
much troubled ? If men had been willing to learn,
all thcfe comrovrrjiei might have died the very day
they were firft brought forth. Hooker,

Without ccnirovirjy great is th: myflcry of god-
liocfs. I Timothy,

CON

Wild OHfretrofy then, which long hid flept,
Into the prefs from ruin'd cloifters leapt. Denhatn.

This left no room for controvert about the titl#,
nor for encroachment on the right of others. Locltct

2. A fuit in law.

If there be a coniroverjy between men, and they
come unto juflgmcnr, that the judges may judge
them, then they fhall juftify the righteous and con-
demn the wicked. Deuteronomy, XXY. I,

3. A quarrel.

The Lord hath a coiitrcverjy with the nations.

Jer. XIV. jr.

4. Oppofition; enmity. This is an un-
ufual fenfe.

The torrent roar'd, and we did buffet It
With lufty linews j throwing it afide.
And ilemming it with hearts of contrcverjy.

Shakefpeare'i Juliui Ctfar,

To CO'NTROVERT. -v. a. [contro-veno,
Lat.] To debate ; to ventilate in oppo-
fite books ; to difpute any thing in writ-
ing.

If any perfon (hall think (it to controvert them,
he may do it very fafcly for me.

Cbeyne's P hihhfticat Principles,

Hooker kems to ufe the word contm-
'verfe, if it be not an erratum.

Perfuafion ought to be fully fettled in men's
hearts, that, in litigations and controverfed caafej
of fuch quality, the will of God is to have them to
do whatfocver the fenunce of judicial and final dc-
cifion (hall determine. Hooker.

Controve'rtible. adj. [from contro-
i/ert.] Difputable; that may be the
caufe of controverfy.

Difcourfing on matters dubious, and many cm.
trovertiile truths, we cannot without arrogancy
intreat a credulity, or implore any farther atTcnt
than the probability of our rcafons and verity of
our experiments. Brown's Vulgar £rrors.

Controve'rtist. w. /. [from contrc-
njert.] Difputant ; a man verfed or en«
gaged in literary wars or difputations.

Who can think himfelf fj coniiderahle as not
to dj-cad this mighty man of dcmonftration, this
prince o( eoniro-veriijis, this great lord and poiiiiiror
of firft principles ? Tilktfon.

Contuma'cious. adj. \^cont untax, halia,]
OblUnate ; perverfe ; ftubborn ; inflexi-
ble.

He is in lavf faid to be a contumacious perlbn,
who, on his appearance afterwards, departs tho
court without leave. yl/!iffe's I'arerron.

There is another very efficacious method for tub-
duing the moft obftinate ccntumacious fmner, and
bringing him into ttie obedience of the faith of
Ohrift. Hammond's Fundamentals,

Contuma'ciouslv. adv, [[rom contuma-
cious,] Obrtinatcly; ftubbornly ; inflexi-
bly ; perverfely.

CoNTU M a'ciousness. It./, [ftom Contu-
macious.] ObiHnacy ; pcrverfenefs ; in-
flexibility ; ftubbornnefs.

From the dcfcription I have given of it, a judg-
ment may be given of the difticultj and contuma-
cioujntjs of cure. IViJeman.

CO'NTUMACY. n.f. [from conttMacia,
Latin.]

1. Obftinacy; pcrverfenefs; ftubbornnefs;
inflexibility.

Such aSs
Of contumacy will provoke the hlgheft-
To make death in us live. Milion't Paradife LtJI.

2. [In law.] A wilful contempt and dif-
obedience to any lawful fummons or ju-
dicial order. Ayhjfl's Parergon.

Thcfe certificates do only, in the generality,
mention the party's contumacies and difobedience.
jiyliffcs Partrgon.
CONXU-

C ON

Coktumb'liovs. adj. [contumtlie/us, La-
tin.]

1. Reproachful; rude; farcalHck ; con-
temptuous.

Wiih fcofft and fcorns, and ctntumilkus taunts,
In open market-place pro4uc'd they me
To be a publick fpeaaclc. Sliakefji. liatry VI.

In all the quarrels and tumults at Rome, though
the people frequently proceeded to rude ccmumiHom
language, yet no blood was ever drawn in any po-
pular commotions, till the tim? of the Gracchi.
T !• ^ Swift.

2. Inclined to utter reproach or praitjfe
infolts ; brutal ; rude.

There is yet another fort o( covtumeRaut perfons,
who indeed are not chargeable with that circum-
ftince of iU employing their wit; for they ufc
none of i t, Govirr.mer,'. cf tht Tongite ,

Giving our holy virgins to the ftain
Of iontame/ious, beaftly, madbrain'd war.

Sbakijpcarc's Timnt.

3. Produftive of reproach ; fhamefiil ; ig-
nominious.

A% It is in the hijheft degree Injurious t« them,
(o it is coniamtir.us to hire. Decjy of Piery.

Contume'liously. adv. [from contu-
melious.] Reproachfiilly ; contemptuouf-
ly ; rudely.

The people are not wont to. taju^fo great of-
fence, when they are excluded from, honours and
o^ces, as when their peribos ate. ciiiuumtlkujly
trodden upon. U^olur,

Fie, lords! that you, being fupreme magiftratcs.
Thus contumiriiufiy fliould brcjk the peace.

^ Sbakrfftar/'i Himy Vf.

Coktume'liousnkss. «./ [{rom. contu-
melious.'] Rudenefs ; reproach.
CP'NTUi\IELy. «./ [con,u,nelia.Lvit.]
- Rudenefs; contemptuoulnefs; bitternefs
of language ; reproach.

If the helm of chief government be in the hands
of a few of the wealthieft, then laws, providing
for continuance thereof, muft make the puniiTi-
mcnt o( amumtly and wrong, offered unto any of
the common fort, Aarp and grievous, that fo the
evil niay be prevented. Hooktr.

Th' opprelfor's wrong, the proud man's cin-
tumely^
The pang ot defpij'd love, the law's delay.

Shttiejfearc't Hamht.

It was undervalued and deprelfed with fome

bltterncfa and contumely. Clarendon.

Why Ihould any man be troubled at the con.

tum-rm of thofe, whofc judgment defervcs not to

'**"'"'=•',■ , rUkfov.

tternal nniumily attend that guilty title, which
claims exemption from thought, and arrogates to
Its wearers the premgative of brutes.
rr- ^^%.rr^.-„ ~ Addifon'% Guard'iav.

7i CONTLTSE. -v. a. [contufu,, Latin.]

1. To beat togetlier ; to bruife.

Of their roots, barks, and feeds, coniuftd toge-
ther, and mingled with otjier earth, and well wj.
tcred with warm water, there came tbrth herb-
4 much like the other. B.ian.

2. To bruife the fle(h without a breach of
the continuity.

The ligature «n/a/« the. lip«. in cutting thrni,
fo that they require to be digcftcd before tiie-* can
unite. Mr,'

CONTU siON, ». f [froin conlujio.]

1. The aft of beating or bruiflng.

2. The ftate of being beaten or bruifcd.
_ Take a piece of glif,, ..nd reduce it t« p.^wdcr.
It acquiring by «««>«•= multitude of minute
furfaces, from a diaphanous, degenerates ir.to a
white body, /?,,/, r 1

3. A brmle ; a compreflion of the fibres,
diftinguilhed from a wound.

Tliat winter lion, who In raj(e forgets
>iged amufmi, and all bruife cf time.

Sbahffwi'i Utiirj VI,

The bonei, in (harp colds, wm btiftfc ; ait* all
carJu/hm, in hard weather, are more hard to cure.

Bacor,
Cotiv.Mc'scENCE. lit./, [from con-va-
ConVale'scency. J /^o, Latin.] Re-
newal of health ; recovery from a dif-
eafe.

Being in a place out of the re.ich of any alarm,
fl>e recovered her fpirits to a reafonable convaitf-
ccncc. Claraidon.

CONVALE'SCBNT. adj. [cott^alefcens ,
Latin.] Recovering ; returnii.g co a
ftate of health.

Conve'n.\bl.e. adj. [corfjenable, Fr.]

1 . Confillent witli ; agreeable to ; accord-
ant to. Not now in ufe.

He is fo meek, wife, and mcrciable.
And with his word his work is comienabk,

Sfaifcr's Pujkreh,

2. That may be convened.

To CONV'E'NE. 'V. ti. [cotfvettio, Latin.]

1. To come together; to affociate ; to
unite.

The 6re feparatcfi tlie aquegua parts from tlie
others, wherewith they were blended in the con-
crete, and brings them into the receiver, wliere
they convene into a liquor. Boyje.

In ihort-fighted men, whofe eyes are too plump,
the refraaian being too great, the rays converge
ami ccnicne in the eyes, before they come at the
•""torn. Newton's Opt-cks.

2. To affemble for any publick purpofe.

There are fettled periods of their coni:emn^, or a
liberty left to the prince for convoking the iegif-
lature. ^ if,,ke.

To Conve'ne. f. a.

1 . To call together ; to affemble ; to con-
voke.

No man was better pleafed with thf comenhg of
this parliament than myfelf. Kkg Cbarhs.

All the fiaious and fthifmatical people would
frequently, as well in the night as the day, (in-vinc
themfclves by the found of a bell. Clarendon.

And now th' almighty father of the gods
Coavtna a council in the bleft abodes.

Pope''} Stal'ws.

2. To fummon judicially.

By the papal canon law, clerks, in criminal and
civil caufes, cannot be convened before any but an
ecclefiaftical judge. .^y/iffi

Co N V e'n I E N c E . 7 «. / [cottvttiietitia, La-
Conve'niency. J tin.]

1. Fiinefs ; propriety.
a«Tf»ifBcj. is, whi n a thing or aflion i? fo fitted

to the circuml>anccT, .md the circumiljnccs to it,
that thereby it becomes a tiling convenient.
, ^. Pc-kw:

Inthings not commanded of God, yet lawful,
becaufe permitted, the queliion i-, wh.it light Hall
rtiew us the conwmncy which one hath al.ove an-
°*"-' . licokic.

2. Commodioufnefs ; eafe ; freedom from
difficulties.

A;man putting all his pleafurej intoone, is like

a tra«BllM-b putting all i,is goods into one jewel •

the value IS the fame, and the ic»^Y»;.«r greater.

Smth^t Sermans.

Every maq m.oll want fimifthing for the conve-

niencj, of his 1.1c, for which he mull be oblircd to

. "'•crs.. CiWj-.iV, ,;.,,.

. there is another convinUnce in this method,

'. during your waiting.

Stmft's DirccJiofi ti the ro-Amjn.

3. Caufeofeafe; accommodation.

It It have nor fuch a convcmcnct, voyages mud be

, very uncomfortable. mtkinsU MMhtm. Magkh.

A man alreis his mind as the work proceed;,

and will have this or th.it conTtniencc more, of

■ which he had not thought when he began.

Drsdrn'i Fjtki, Preface.
There wm a fair of fp':4U<Kii; a pvekct ifct-

C O N

(>e{Hre,, and (everal other little cmvenkndes, Pi!4;
not think myfelf bouM i 11 honour to difcover.

Swft't Guliivcr'i TiiMvefs,

4. Fitnefs of time or place.

Ufc no farther means ;
But, with all brief and plain ccn'jcnkr.ry^
Let me have judgment. Siektjp. Merxh. ofVenUc„

CONVE'NIENT. adj. [co,fvenie„s, Lat.]'
1. Fit; fuitable; proper; well adapted';
commodious.

The. leaft and moft trivial epifodes, or under
aftions,. are either necqiiary or cotm-niert- ; either
fo necelTary, that without them the poem muft be
|mpert«ft; or fo convement, that no others can be
imagined more fuitable to the place in which- tlicy
"■"• _ _ _ Drydens Dedication to the Aiveid,

Health itfelf is but a kind of temper, gotten .ind

preferycd by a convenient mixture of contrarieties.

J^rbutinol on AHments,

2. It has either U or for before the follow-
ing noun : perhaps it ought generally
to have /ar before perfons, and to before
things.

Give me neiriier poverty nor riches, feed me

with food convenient for me. Prov, xxx. 8«

_ There are fome arts that are peculiarly conve.

nier.t to fome particiil.ir nations. lilktfm.

CoNVE'.MENTLv.art'i/. [from coiKvenieat.]

1. Commodioufly ; without difficulty.

I this morning know
Where ws Ihall find him moft conveniently-..

Shakefpeare's Hamlet,

2. Fitly; with proper adaptation of part
to part, or of the wliole to the effedl
propofed.

It would be worth the experiment to enquire,
whether nr no a failing chariot might be more
conveniently framed with moveable fails, whofe
force may be imprelTed from their motion, equi.
valcnt to thofe in a wind-millt IVilkins,

CO'NVENT. tt.f. [conventus, Latin.]

1 . An ajlembly of religious perfons ; a«
body of monks or nuns.

He came to Leiceftcr ;
Lodg'J in the abbcj-, where the reverend nbbot.
With all his convent, honourably receiv'd him.

. . Shakc/pearet

2. A rehgidus houfe j an abbey ; a mo.,
nailery ; a nunnery.

One fcldom finds in Italy a fpot of ground more

agreeable than Ordinary, that is not coicrcd with

3 convent. ^ Aidjfin.

To Conve'wt. v. a. [co/fvoiio, Latin.]

To call before a judge or judicature.

He with his oath
By all probation will make up full clear.
Whenever he 's convened. Sl^ak. Mcaf. for Meaf.
They fent forth their precepts to attach men,
and convent them before thcmfelves at private
^onUs. Bacon's Henry VII.

Conve'nticle. n.f. [cotivetiticulutn, La-
tin.]

1 . An affembly ; a meeting.

They arc commanded to abilain from all csn-
■uentiehs of men whatfoever j even, out of the
church, to have nothing tvj do with publick bufi-
"''«• .e^yf.ffeS Parergon.

2. An affembly for worfhip. Generally
ufed in an ill fcnfe, including herefy or.
fchifni.

It behovcth, that the place where God (hall be
fcrvcd by the vvholc church be a publick place, for
the avirding of privy conveniieles, which, covered
with pretence of religion, may ferve unto danger-
ous praaices. Hooker.

Who, (arfrnm ftecplcs and their facrcd fiuiici.
In fields their fullen conventicles found. Dryder,

A fort of men, who are content to be ftiled of

the church of England, who perhaps attend it»

fen-ice in the morning, and go with tfldir wives

' t9 i Citiverdiik In the afteriiooiu Snvifr.

3 t' « $.' A

CON

3. A fecret affembly ; an affembly where
confpiracies arc formed.

Ay, all of you have laid your htads together
(Myfcir had notice of your emvtntkln)
And ill to make away my guiltlcfs liic.

Sbekcfptcri'i Henry VI.

1. An affembly, in contempt.

If he revoked this plea too, 'twas becaufe he

found the expeSed council was dwindling into a

anventicte, a packed iflTembly of Italian bifliops;

not a free convention qf fathen from all quarters.

' jitlirhury.

Conve'nticler. a./ [from ccHventicle.]
One that fupports or frequents private
and unlawful affemblies.

Another crop is too like to follow 5 nay, I fear,
it is unavoidable, if the carvtnticleri' \x. pe- mittrd
ftiU to fcatter. DryJn.

Conve'ntion. n.f. [con<ventio, Latin.]

1. The aft of coming together; union;
coalition ; juntHon.

They are to be reckoned amongll the moft ge-
neral atfeftions of the tcnvenihm, or alTociations,
of fcveral particles of matter iflto bodies of a.^y
cettam denomination. Meyit.

2. An affemblyt I

Publick utK.tr.li<m> are liable to ill the infirmi-
ties, follies, a:iJ vices of private men. Syj'ift.

3. A contraft ; an agreement for a time,
previous to a definitive treaty.

Conve'ntional. adj. [from coawnlien.]
Stipulated ; agreed on by compaft.

Ccnviniknal fcrvices refcrved by tenures upon

grants, made out of the crown or knights fcrvke.

Halt I Common Law,

Conve'ntion ART. oJJ. [from con'ven-
//'«».] Afting upon contraft; fettled
by ftipulations.

The ordinary covenants of moft nnvenlKnaiy
tenants are, to pay due capon and due harycll
journeys. ' Carnvi Survey.

Conve'ntu AL. aefj. [con-ventutl, French.]
Belonging to a convent ; monaftick.

Thofe are called cemvenlual priors, that have the
chiisf ruling power over a monaftery.

Ayltff^i Parergon.

CoNVE'NTWAt. n, /. [from coei'tttt.} A
monk i a nun ; one that lives in a con-
vent.

1 hjve read a fermon of a ccr.vivtni'l, who laid
It down, that Adam could not laugh before the
fa!;. yfddijor'i Sfedatir.

To CONVETIGF.. -v. n. {con'vergo, Lat.]
To tend to one point from different
places.

Where the rays from all the paints of any ob-
jedt meet sgain, after they have been made to
tin-verge by reflexion or reftaftion, there they will
make * pidure of the objcd upon a white body.
Newton's Oftitki.
Enfwcepirig fiift
The lower (Vies, they all at once etinvrrge
High to the c.-own of heaven. Thurfon's Autumn.

Conve'rgbnt. 7 "^^ [ from converge. ]

Convk'rcjnc, J Tending to one point
from different pares.

CoNTERCi HO 5fr/>/. See Series.

Cohve'rsable. adj. [from cort-verfe. It
is fometimes written con-vcrjible, but im-
properly ; converfant , ton-uerfation, con-
ti^ffMt.^ Qualified for converfation ;
fit for company ; well adapted to the
reciprocal communication of thoughts ;
communicative.

That fire and levity which makes the young
ftarce convtrfibU, when tempered by years, m.ikes
a ga] uW age. Md^fm.

CON

Conve'rsablsness. «./. [from «ni/«--
fablt.'] The quality of being a pleafing
companion ; fluency of talk.

Conve'rsabiy. ad-v. [from CBH-ver/aUe.]
In a converfable manner ; with the
qualities of a pleafing communicative
companion.

Conve'rsant. adj. [eenver/ant, French.]

1. Acquainted with ; having a knowledge
of any thing acquired by familiarity and
habitude ; familiar : with in.

The learning and ncill which he had by being
fofwrrjinr /» their books. Hozker.

Let them make fome towns near to the moun-
tain's fide, where they may dwell together with
neighbours, and b« cifirverfant in the view of the
world. Spenjer's State of Jre/arJ,

Thofe who are eenverfant in both the tongues,
I leave to make their own judgment of it.

Dryderti Dufrefnoy.

He ufes the different dialefts as one who had
been ccnverjant with them all.

Pofe's EJjay on Ho-ntr.

2. Having intercourfe with any; acquaint-
ed ; familiar by cohabitation or fellow-
fliip ; cohabiting : with among or ivith.

All that Mofcs commanded, Jofhua read before
all the congregation of Ifrael, with the women,
and the little ones, and the ftrangers that were
nnverfant anting them, yoj. vlii. 35.

Never to be infeftcd with delight.
Nor converfant tvitl eafe and idleness.

Sbakefl>eare's King ychn.

Old men who have loved young company, and
been ccnverjant continually ivitb them, have been
of long life. Baton.

Gabriel, this day by proof thou flialt behold,
Thou, and all angels ecntierfant on earth
With man, or men's affairs, how I begin
To verify that folemn mefl'age. Mili.n's Par, Reg.

To fuch a o;ie, an ordinary coffeehoufc gleaner
of the city is an arrant ftatcfman, anl as much
fuperi^ur too, fis a man -oimerfant about Whitehall
and the court is to an ordinary ihopkeepcr. Locke.

3. Relating to ; having for its obieft ;
concerning : with about, formerly tn.

The matters wherein church polity is con<verJant,
arc the publick religious duties of the church.

Hoiker.
If any think education, becaufe it is tontjerf^nt
about children, to be but a private and domellick
duty, he has been ignorantly bred bimfelf.

H^otton on EJueaticn,
Difcretion, cnnfidered .both as an accompliih-
menr and as a virtue, not only as eonverfan> ahut
worldly affairs, but as regarding our whole ex-
iftcnce. Addifon's Sfeflalcr.

Indifference cannot but be criminal, when it is
converfant about objects which are fo far from be-
ing of an indifferent nature, that they are of the
higheft imporcance to ourfelves and our country.
Addifons Freeholder.
Conversa'tion. n.f. [co'fver/atio, Lat.]

1. Familiar difcourfe ; chat; eafy talk:
oppofed to a formal conference.

She went to I'amcla's chamber, meaning to joy
her thoughts with the fwcet tonverjation of her
filler. • Sidney.

What I mentioned fome time ago in anverja-
ficir, was not a new thought, juft then ftartrd by
accident or occalion. Sivift.

2. A particular aft of difcourfing upon
any fubjeft ; as, tvs bad a long converfa-
tion on that quefi'ton.

3. Commerce; intercourfe; familiarity.

The knowle tge of men and manners, the free-
drm of habitudes, and tonverjation with the b:ll
company. Dryden.

His appirent, open guilt ;
I mc^n his (tnverjiititn with Shore's wife.

Stak'ffcart't Ricla/d IJI.

CON

4. Behaviour ; manner of afting in com' '
mon life. <

Having yoar tntverjalicn honeft among the Gen-
tile». I Peter. '

5. Fraftical habits; knowledge by long
acquaintance.

1 fet down, out of long experience is bufinefs
and much converfation in books, what J thought
pertinent to this bulinefs. Baeort.

By experience and converfation with thefe bodies,
a man may be enabled to give a near conjedure at
the metallic ingredients of any mafs. K^codviard.

Conve'rststivb. adji [from conrjcrfe.'] .
Relating to publick life, and commerce
with men ; not contemplative.

Finding him little iludious and contemplative,
Ihe chofe to endue him with convtrfative qualities
of youth. ffotteiu

To CONVE'RSE. v. n. [con'vir/er, Fr.

con<verfor, Lat.]
i. To cohabit with; to hold intercourfe

with ; to be a companion to : followed

by ttrith.

By approving the fentiments of a perfon luisb
whom he eonverfcd, in, fuch particulars as were juil»
he won him over from thofe points in which he
was miffaken. Addifon's Treeholdtr.

For him who lonely loves i

To feek .the diffant hills, and there converfe
}Viih nature. Tbcnfon's Summer.

2. To be acquainted with ; to be familiar
to aftion.

I will converfe •with iron-witted fools.
And unrefpcOivc boys : none are for me,
That look into me with confiderate cjes.

Shaiefyeari's Richard III.

Men then come to be furnifhed with fewer or
more fimple ideas from without, according as the
objetls they converfe •uiilb afford greater or lefs
variety. Locki,

3. To convey the thoughts reciprocally in
talk.

Go therefore half this day, as friend tviib friend,

Converfe •with Adam. Milton's Paradije Loft.

. Much lefs can bird tuitb bead, or fi(h voith fowl.

So well converfe. Milton's Paradil'e Loft.

4. To difcourfe familiarly upon, any fub-
jeft : with on before the thing.

We had eonverfed fo often on that fubjeft, and
he had commiinicated hi thoughts of it fo fully
to me, that I had not the leaft remaining difli.
culty. Dryden'i Dufrefnoy.

5. To have commerce with a different fex.

Being afked by fome of her fex, in how long a
time a woman might be allowed to pray to the
gods, after having convirfed ivitb a man ? If it
were a hufband, fays (he, the next day ; if a
(i ranger, never. Guaidicn.

Co'nverse. n. f. [from the verb. It is
fometimes accented on the firft fyllable,
fometimes on the laft. Pope has ufed
both : the firft is more analogical.]

1 . Converfation ; manner of difcourfing
in familiar life.

His converfe is a fyftem fit
Alone to HI! up all her wit. Sviift.

Gen'rous conxerfe, a foul exempt from pride.
And love to praife with rcafcn on his fide. Pope.

Form'd by thy converfe happily to (leer
From grave to gay, from lively to fevere. Pope,

2. Acquaintance ; cohabitation ; familia-
rity.

'rhough it be nece/Titated , by its relation to
flefb, to a terrcftrial converfe; yet it is, like the
fun, without contaminating its beams.

Gianville's Afol,
By fuch a free converfe with pcrfffTis of diffisrent
fcOs, we (ball find that there are perfons of good
fenle and viituSj perfons of piety and worth.

/#-'«« «» tie Mind.

3- [In

CON

3. [la geometry ; from ceKver/us.] A
propofition is iaid to be the cott-vtr/e of
another, when, after drawing a conclu-
f:on from fometh'ng firfl propofed, we
proceed to fuppofe what had been before
concluded, and to draw from it what
had been fuppofed. Thus, if two fides
of a triangle be equal, the angles op-
pofite to thofe fides are alfo equal : the
converfe of the propofition is, that if two
angles of a triangle be equal, the fides
oppofite to thofe angles are alfo equal.

. Chambtrs.

Conve'rsely. adn}. [ from ccn'-jtr/e.']
With change of order ; in a contrary
order ; reciprocally.

Conve'rsiOn. It./, [coniuer/io , Latin.]

1 . Change from one ftate into another ;
tranfmutacion.

Artificial fjTronyEwiof water into ice, is the work
of a tew hours ; and this of air inajr be tried by a
month's fpace. BiHon.

There are no fuch natural gradations, and an-
vtrfioni of one meul and mineral into another, in
the earth, as many hsv" fancied.

Woodtoard' > Katural Hijiory.

The csmierfan of the aliment into fat, is not
properly nutrition. Artuihnot on jilimmti,

2. Change from reprobation to grace,
from a bad to a holy life.

3. Change from one religjon to another.

They paflid through Pheuicc and Sa.-naria, de-
claring the cemicrfun of the Gentiles. Alix xv' <(..

4. The interchange of terms in an argu-
ment ; as, no virtue is -vice ; no -vice is
•virtue. Chambers.

5. Conversion of Equations, in algebra,
is the reducing of a frafUonal equation
into an integral one.

Conve'rsive. adj. [^(xQta <on'ver/t.'\ Gon-

verfable ; fociable.
?« CONVE'RT. -v. a. [lonwr/o, Latin.]

1 . To change into another fubllance ; to
tranfmute.

If the whoie atmofpbere wai tmvarted into wa-
terj It would malcf no more than eleven yards wa-
ter about the earth. Burnet.

2. To change from one religion to another.

Auguiiinc is cenvcriidby St. Ambrofe's fermon,
when he came to it on no fuch dcfien. IJammond.

3. To turn from a bad to a good life.

He which tcni^ertech the lioner from the errour
of his way, Ihall fave a foul from dnth, and Siall
hide a multirude of fins. Jumts, v. 20.

Then will 1 teach tranfgrefTnrs thy ways, and
Tinners ihall be convirttd unto thee. PJalm li. 13.

4. To turn towards any point.

Cryft.il will callify into electticity, and convert
the needle freely placed. Brnvn't Vulgar Erreuri.

5. To apply to any ufe ; to appropriate.

The abundance of the A-a thi'A be convened unto
cliee, the forces of the Gcaules Ihall come unto
thee. J/mah,lx. 5.

He acijuitted himfetf not Itlee an honefl man ;
for he Cfirverred the prizes to his own ule.

.4rburknct on C^'tm.

6. To change one proportion into another,
fo that what was the tubjcft of the ftrft
beiTomes the predicate of the fecond.

The papin-. cannot abide this propofition e$n-
nierted : all fin is i tranfgrclfi^n of the law; bui
«ery tranfgrcflion o( the law is fin. The ap'/rtl:
there 10 e lurnj it for us ; all ui li^hteoulntfs, fays
he, is fin ; bu' every tranrgrcflion of the U>v s
unrightcu^f^c^i, fiys Au^in, upftr. the place. Hj/,'.

yb Convb'rt. v. n. To undergo a
change ; to be tranfmoted.
2

C O 1^

The lore of wicked friends eonvtrtt to fear j
That fear, to bate. Staiefoeare' s Richard H.

They rub out of it a red dult which ccnvertnh
into worms, which they kill with wine.

Satidys's Tra-aels.

Co'nvert. n. / [from the verbi] A
perfon converted from one opinion or
one practice to another.

The Jefuits did not perfuade the converts to lay

afide the ufe of images. Stillingfett^s Defence

tf Dlj'cmirje on Rom. Idol.

When Platonifra prevailed, the ccrwerls t"
Chriftianit) of that fchool interpreted Holy Writ
according to that phiiof^phy. Lode.

Let U3 not imagine cliat the firft converts only of
Chriftianity were concerned to defend their reli-
gion. Ragtn.

Conve'rter. «./. [{torn convert. "] One

that makes converts.
Convertibi'lity. n. /. [from cortiier-

tib/e.] The quality of being poflible to

be converted.
Conve'rti BLE. aJ/. [fiom convert. "l

1. Sufceptible of change ; tranfniutable ;
capable of tranfmutation.

< Minerals are not convertible into another fpecies,
though of the fame genus j nor reducible into an-
other genus. Harvey.
The gall is' not an alkali j but it is alkalefcent,
conceptiblc and cotntrtitte into a corrofive alkali.
Arhatbnot on Aliments-

2. So much alike as that one may be ufed
for the other.

Though it be not the real effence of any fub-
ftance, it is the fpccifick eifence, to which our
name belongs, and is convertible with it. Locke.

Many, that call themfclves Proteilants, look
upon our worlhip to be idolatrous as well as that of
the P^piAs ; and put prelacy and popery together,
as terms convirtible, Hivift.

Conve'rtibly. adv. [ frotn convertible. ]
Reciprocally; with interchange of terms.

Theie never was any perfc;n ungrateful, who was
not alfo proud ; nor,, convrrtib/y, any one proud,
who was nut equally ungrateful, ^outh^i Hermons.

Co'nvertite. n. /. [converti, French."]
A convert; one converted from another
opinion. Not in ufe.

Since you arc a gentle convertite.
My tongue (hall hufli again this fturm of war.

tibakej'peare^s King yohr.

Nor would 1 be a convertite fu cold,

As not to tell it. Donne.

CO'NVEX. adj. [co»ve.vus, Latin.] Rifing

in a circular form ; oppofite to concave.

It is the duty of a painter, even in this altb, to
imitate the convex inirrour, and to place nothing
which glares at the border of his picture.

Dryden^i Dufrefncy.
An orb or ball round its own axis whirl j
Will not the motion t" a dlftince hurl
Whatever duft or fand you on it place,
And drops of water .V om its convex face }

Bluckmore on :be Creation.

Co'nvex. «■/. A convex body; a body
fwelling externally into a circular form.

A comet draws a long extended blaze ;
From eaft to weft burns thro' th' ethereal frame,
And half heav'n's convex glitters with the Aame.

Ticket.

CoiiVt'xf.O. farticif. adj. [from convex."]
Formed convex ; protuberant in a cir-
cular form.

Uolohins are ftratght; nor have they their fpin:
convexedf or more confiderably embowed 'han ei-
ther (harks, porpoifes, whales, or nthei cenc-ous
animals. Brvwn^i Vulgar Errouri.

Conve'xedly. adv. [from coavexed.] In
a coavex form.

CON

They be drawn convexcdly crooked in one piece f
yet thedolphin, that cairieih Arion, is concavoully
inverted, and bath its fpine depre(red.

Brotvn's Vulgar Errours.

Conve'xity. »./ [from convexi] Protu-
berance in a circular form.

Convex gl illcs f ipply the dcfefl: of plampnefs>
in the eye, and, by increafing the refraflion, make
the rays converge fooncr, fo as to convene dif-
tinftly at the bottom of the eye, if the glafs have '
a due degree of convexity. Newton i Ofticks^

If tlie eye were So piercing as to defcry even
opake and little objefls a hundred leagues o(F, ic
would do us little fervice ; it would be terminated"
by neighbouring hills and woods, or, in the largeft
and eveneft plain, by the very convexity of the
earth. Bentlcy.

Conve'xly. adv. [from convtx."] In a-
convex form.

Almoft all, both blunt and (harp, ixe-'convtxly ■
conical ; they are all along convex, not only/«r
amiituK, but between both ends. Crew's Mu/eeum.

Conve'xness. n.f. [frora convex."] Sphc--
roidical protuberance ; convexity.

Con VEXO-CON CAVE. ar^". Having thehol--
low on the infide correfponding to the
externa! protuberance.

Thefe are the phenomena of thick convexo-
concave plates of glafs which are every where Of ■ ,
the fame tliickncfs. Ne-wlon,

To CONVE'Y. V. a. [convebo, Latin.]

1. To carry ; to tranfport from one place
to another.

Let letters be given me to the governours be-
yond the river, that they may convey me over till
1 come into Judea. A'ri. ii. 7..

1 will convey them by fea, in floats, unto the
place thou (halt appoint me. 1 Kings, V. 9.

2. To hand from one to another.

A divine natural right could not be com'ryed
down, without any plain, natural, or divine rule •
concerning it. Lake.

3. To remove fecretly.

There was one conveyed out of my houfe yefter-
day in this balket. Shak. Merry fVivisoffVindfcr.

4. To bring any thing, as an inllrument
of tranfmiflion ; to tranfmit.

Since there appears not to be any ideas in the
mind, before the fenfes have conveyed any in, I
conceive that ideas in the underftanding are coeval
with frnfation. Lode,

5. To transfer ; to deliver to another.

The ear! of Dcfmond, before his breaking forth .
, into rebellion, conveyed fecretly all his lands to
feoffees in truft, Sf infer.

Adam's property or private dominion could not
conviy any fovereignty or rule to his heir, who, not
having a right to Inherit all his father's polTelTiens,
could not thereby come to have any fovereignty
over his brethren. _ Locke.

6. To impart, by means of fomething.

Men fill ■ e another's heads with nolle and
founds, but eotniey not thereby their thoughts.

Locke.

That which ufes to produce the idea, though
conveyed in by the ufual irgan, not being taken
notice of, there follows 10 lenfation. Locke.

Some finglc imperceptible bodies muft come
from them to the eyes, and thereby convey to the
brain foroe motion which produces thofe ideas.

Locke.

They give energy to our expreflfions, ar.d convey
our thoughts in more ardent anl mtenll phrafes»
than anv in our own tongui. j-lddifon s SfeiiatoT'^

7. To impart ; to introduce.

What obfcured light the 1;.. ,v'ns did grant.
Did but convey unt'i lur fearful m'l ds
A doubtful warrant or immediate death.

Shaktfpeare' s Comedy of Errours.

Others convey theinfelvcs iow the mind by more
fenfc! than one. LiKke.

8. Tq

ro N.

|. To manage with privacy.

I will cMviy the bulirwfs as I fhall find m«Jns,
«nd acq^iaint you Vitlui. Shaitjpcfn's King Liar.

Hugli Capst .ilfo, who ufurp'd the crown,
To line hij ti:^c with fome jhcws of truth,
Ckutfjiihimfflf as htir to tk"iiidy'L-.ngarc.

Shatt^f>tpri.

Comve'vance. n. /. [hem convey.^

1 , The aft of removing any thing.

Tell her, thou m.id'A away her uncle Clarence,
Her urde Rivers ; *ay, and for her fake,
Mad'ft quick iwug'ano'wfth her good aunt Ann.
Sbakeffmrc's RUlard III.

2. Way for carriage or tranfportation.

Following the river downward, there is convy-
ttice into the countries named in the text.

Ra.'/igti's H:J!cry of lie fTorlii.

Ifon works, ought to beconlined to places where
tkefe is nof«*w>>M;irt for timbet^o plaics Of vent,
fo 3i to quit the co!l of ihc carriage; ■ ' Tevlflc.

f. The method of removing fecretly from
' one place to another.

Ynur hulbin'd 's hare at hand ; bethink you of
fomc omefohcc : in the houle you cahnot hide
him. Shii.^<.//>iai\.

4. The meaiDS 0/ inftrument hy which any
thing is co.oyeyed.

We po.u upori the morning, are unapt
To give or to furjivo ; tut when wc 've ftufTd
Thcfc pipes, and thefc cumiejance! of blood,
With wine and feeding, we have lupplcr fouls.

Stahfftari's Corhlanus.

Hbw fuch » variety of motioos fliould be n-gu-
larlj coiiduC^;d, in fuch a %yild(;rnefs of pillages
and dillinft avcnuC5, by mere impellents and ma-
terial ^Ttvtjenceitl have not the lead Conjeflurc.
' •" ' "'■ ■ ^ " ■ ""■■ " ■ G/an.San.Vog.

5. Tranfmiffion ; delivery from one to
another.

Our author has provided for the defccnding and
cmvcyanci down of Adam's monarchical povvei-, or
paternal dominion, to pofterity. L^ckc.

6. Ad of transferring property ; grant.

Uoth not the afl of the parents, in any lawful
grant or ccnviyancff bind their heirs for ever thcre-
\,nto? Spenffr on JrchnJ.

7. Writing by which property is tranf-
ferred.

The very (ettviyancei of Jiis lands will hardly
Jie in tliis bo«; and muft the inheritor himfe:f
have no more ? ' Sbahfpure^ t HamJa.

This b^^ot a fuit in the Chancery before tlic lord
Coventry, who found the convtyamcs in law to be
fo ntm, that in juftice he mijll dQctee the land to
the carl. Cltrimlor.

8. Secret management; juggling artifice ;
private removal ; fecfet lubjTUtutjpn pf
one thing for another.

It coaicih herein to pal's wltli men, unadvifedly
fallen into error, as wiih them whofe ftatc hath nu
ground to uphold it, but only the help which, bj
I'ubtile (jrnvjencr^ they draw out of cafual events,
ariung from dly 10 day, till at length they be dean
Ipcnt. Huikir.

Clofe cenveya'ce, and each.pra^ice ill
Of collnage and knave y. Sfin/ir's JIuh, Talc.

I am this day come to furvey the Tower;
Since Hcnrj'j death, I fear, there is ectn/iyance^
Sbakijpure't Henry VJ.
Can they not juggle, and with llight
C'Mvejance play with wrong and right ? Hvd'ibms.
Conve'vancer. n.f, \i'K)mconveyance.'\
A lawyer who draws writings by which
^property is transferred.
Conve'yf.r. ti. /. [from cm'vey.'] One
who carries or tranfmlts any thing from
one place or perfon to another.

The cimeytrs uf waters of thcle times conjtent
themulves with one inch of fall in fix hundred
je';r, ' Sren^ti'soit on Ztar.guttgeu

'I'hofe who ftand before earthly princes, in the
Kuclt degree ot apprvacb, wIm uc the difpcufcrs

«0. N'

of t,b»ir faKOjjrt, and ctnvrftn of tWr will, to
otiierj, do, on that very account, chaJl(U>gs I4^h
honours lo thcmfelvcs. Atlcrbury^

To CONVrCT. nj. a, [(BTPvittca, Latin.]

1. To prove guilty ; to deteft in guilt.

And they whicE heand it, being ami-ffid by
their own coiil'cicnce, went out one by ono.

J'tH, viii. 9.

ThingSj that at the firft rticw fecrocd ppfilble,
by rifplng up the performance of thenj, have bsfn
cmviiiij of impojfibility. Ji.rccii'i W,'y War.

2. To confute; to difcover to be falfe.

Although not only the realon of any head, but
experience of every hand, may w^ll ttnvilt it, yet
will it not by dlv.-r be rqe^d. Brctvn'i VulgiEj-r.

3. To fhew by j^roof or evidence.

If there be iim luchrjiiijg apparent upon record,
they ijo As ifonc lAould demand a legacy b; virtue
of fomc written tell.iment, wherein there biang no
fuch'thing fpecilied, he plcaJcth tjiat there it mufi
needs be, and bringeth arguments from the lovi
which altvays the reftator tore hinv ; imagining
that thefe proofs will cmtuct a teftameVit to have
that in it, wliidl other men caii no where by read-
lijg'iiad. ' , " ' ■ litakcr.

CoNvi'cT. aefj. [rather the parti cipli oi
the verb. } Convided ; detefted in
guilt.

Before I be cenvifi by courfe of law,
To threaten me with death, is mod unlawful.

!iLiikiJi:eare''iRuhjrd\\\.
'By the civil law, a perfon camnB, of conft/Ting
his own crime, cannot appeal. Ayliffe's Parerz'r.^
Ccnvici a papill he, and 1 a pocri

Popci Efiijl. of Horticc.

Co'nvict. «./. [from thp verb.] A ppr-
fon call at the bar ; one found guilty ot
the crime charged againil him ; a cri-
minal detefted at his .trial.

On the fcorc of humanity, the civil law allows

, a certain fpace of time both to the convjH and to

perfnns confclTing, in ofdcr to fatisfy th' j*V\s-

rnent. yij/ijf<;'s Panrgan.

CoNvi'cTiON. u. f. [from conviil,]

I. Deteiilion of guilt, which is, in law,

either when a man is outlawed, or np-

pears and confefles, or elfe is found

guilty by the inquelh Cowell.

The third bell abfent Iscondemn'd,

I Canvift by Hlght, and rebel to all law ; .

1 CoirviSkn to the ferpent none belongs.

\ " ' Mi/m's Paradife LJI.

<z. The aft of convincing ; confutation ;
the nfl of forcing others, by argument,
to allow a pofition.

■V/hen therefore the apoftle requiretl) habijity
to convia hereticks, can wc think he judgeth ita
thing unlawful, a:id not ratlier needful, to ufe the
principal_in(lrumei)t o(, lUw niiviii'ioa, the light of
rcafon » Hwka.

j The manner of his c^nyiUm was defigncd, not
as a peculiar privilege to Jiirij, but as a llajidjiig

! miracle, a lifting argument tor the rciroifl/on ol
others, to the very end of the World. An(rbury.

3. State of being convinced.

Their wifdom is only of this world, to put
falfe colours upon things, M call good evil, anJ
evil good, againft the anvicfhn ot their own con-
fcienccs. ■ . * ' Swift.

CoNVi'cTiVE. rt/^'. [from fa«x'/<?.] Hav-
ing the power of convincing.
To CONVrNCE. 1'. a. [convinco. La;.]
I. To force any one to acknowledge a
contellqd pofition.

Tiiat whichJ have all thia while been endea-
vouring to ii,r.iince men ir", and to pcrfuaJe thera
to, is no other but what God himlclf doth parti-
cularly rccomrticnd to us, as proper for human
conljderjtion. Tilkifin.

CON

^ut, having fliifted ev'ry form to 'ftape,
C»((«/(«'</ of copqueft, he lefum'd hia fliape,

Qrj/den't fufH.

HJIory is all the light vft have i^ many c^fes 5
and vie receive from it a great part of the il'ful
truths we have, with a erinvinihg endenc(^ Liktr
, Toconvitl; to prove guilty of. '

To coji/iii-c all that are ungodly anotang them,
of all tluit ungodly dec^is, J*dt, 15.

The difeovery of a truth, formerly, uolsnoivn,
doth rather ic/wwcf man of ignordn«e, than t)ature
oferrour. Hitkigh,

Q fcek not to citminu me of a crimt,
WJ>i^ \ «n v.V .repeat, noi can you. pardon. •

D'r^dlK.

. To envince ; to prove ; to inanil«lt ij
to vindicate. Npt in i^fe.

Your 1 taU contains nonQ (i> acconjplillv^d .a cour'a

tier, to i6in,(n.-f the honour of my mlftret. ,

Sbakcjpirare's Cymltctine^

Thislftterjiipftsid.of a con&itacion, only urgethi

mc to prove divers paflagcs of my fermpn, which

^ M. Cheynci's p.irt was to f£;;w;n«. Dr.Hfa'rr.

;4. To overpower j to furpiouat. This
fenfe is now obfolete.

There are a crew of wretched fouls
That (lay his cure; their malady cannimtt
The great elVay of art. itbaicjfeare'i Maditt.

Knaves be fuch abroad.
Who having, by their own importunate fuit.
Or voluntary dotage of fomc miftrcfi,
I CinviKi d or liipplcd them, they cannorchufe
j But they mull blab. ' iihfk'fp''"t'OtbcU(i.

WJjea Duncan, Is a»l«yp, his twu ch,»inbeilajnj f
Will I with wine and walicl fo emvinie,
j That memory, the ttardct of the brairi,
j Shall be a fume. ' Staiijfeqiys. Mactitiy

■jCoNvrNcsM.Ei^T^ >fi./^ [fion^^coxtsiitfctj
i Convi,Sion.

j If that bi: notce/jjikj^ijij/.^ugh, let hin^
j weigH the other alfo. Deciy'ofPit/j,-

;CoNvi'NoiBt,E. afj. [from cov-viace-l
li, Capable of cotividion..
'.2. Capable of being evidently. difpr.o\;pd
' or detc-fted.

l''pon what nncertalnties, and alfo cciivir,(ikU
fallitios, they often ercited fuch emblem's, we havo'
delivered, Bnttrr.

CoNVi'NCiNCLy. ntf-v. [from ccniiaccl
In fuch a manner as to leave no room
for doubt or difpute ; fo as to. prodjicft
conviction.

This he did fo particularly and cerlvinciiirly,
that thofc of the parlianjej|t »v*fc in great confu^
fion, CUreMdm.

The rcfutrcflion is fo ccuviitciag/y attelled by
fuch perfons, with fuch cirtumftanccs, t)>at th?y
who confrder and weigh the tellimony, at what
diftancc foever they o^e placed, cannot entertain
, any more doubt of the rcfurrcdUoa than tjie cruci,^
finion of Jefus. Atlcrl/uiy.^

IConvi'nc.incness. n.f. [from coiiviac'
\ i>ig.'\ The power of convincing.
jTo CONVrVE. V. a. l^convivo, Latin.]
^ To entertain ; to feaft. A word, I be-
lieve, not elfewhere ufed.

t irlt, all you peers of Greece, gq to my te^t^ ■
There in the lull cor.vive you.

Sliajttjycare'i Trsilus end Crij/~da,

CoKVj'vAL. lf<iJ. [cori'vi'viaJh, Latin.]
CoNvi'vtAL. J Relating to an entertain-
ment ; fellal ; fecial.

I was the f.rlt who let up feftivals ;
Not with high talies our appetites did force.
But fiU'd with convcrfarion and difcourf*? ;
Which fcalU, CiKvivijl meetings we dij n.am?.

Your focial and ror.iii-jijl fpirit is fuch, that it
is ahappiacfs to live aud coovcrle with you.,

Dr.^Ntivton,

'.' Conu'mdrum.

CON

Conu'ndrum. n.f. Alowjeft; a quib-
ble ; a mean conceit : a cant word

Mean time he I'moaks, and Uughs at merry talc,
Or pun ambiguous, 0 onumirum quaint, Pbilips,

To CO'NVOCATE. -v. a. [convoco, Lat.]
To call together i to fumraon to an al'-
fembly.

Convoca'tion. fi./. [ctm-voca/ie, Latin.]

1. The aft of calling to an aflembly.

Diaphantus, making a general can'v-uaiknt Ipal'c
to them in this manner. Shhty.

2. An aflembly.

On the eighth day fhjll be an holy ccrmocatitn
unto you. Lev, xxiii. 20.

3. An aflembly of the clergy for confulta-
tion upon matters ecclefiailical, in time
of parliament : and, as the parliament
confills of two dilHnfl houfes, fo does
this ; the one called the upper houfe,
where the archbifhops and bi(hops fit
feverally by themfelves; the other the
lower houfe, where all the reft of the
clergy are reprefented by their deputies.

Coiue/I,
I have made an offer to his inajefty.
Upon our fpiritua! ccnvMHtkn,
As touching France, to give a greater fum
Then ever at one time the clergy yet
Did to his predcceffors part withal. Shak< H. IV.
This is tlie declaration of our church ahout it,
made by thofe who met in convocat'icn, StyfingjUift,

To CONVO'KE. -v. a. [ccv-vocc, Latin.]
To call together ; to fummon to an ai'-
fembly.

AlTembliet exercife their legillature at the times
that their conftitution, or their own adjournment,
appoints, if there be no otlicr way prefciibcd to
nmnke them* Loch,

When next the morning vfirms the purple cart,
dnvrit the peerage. Pefc'i OHyJcy.

The fenatc Originally confided all ot* nobles, the
people being only itnv^ked apoA luch occalloni as
tell into their cognizance* S'auft.

To CONVO'LVE. 'V. a. [nmvah>o, Lat.]
To roll together ; to roll one part upon
another.

He writh'd him to and fro ccttinlv'J, MUton,
It is a wonderful artifice h<v* newly hatched
maggot!, not the parent animal, bccanfe (he em';;s
no web, nor hath any tcxtrir.c art, can £in^-:!-ve
the lluhborn leaf, and bind it with the thread it
weaves from its body. Dcrlam,

Us'd to milder fcents, the tender race
By thoufands tumble from their honey*d domes,
Convolvd and agonizing in the dull.

Tb'jiftjon'i j^utunn,

Co'nvoluted. part, [of the verb I have
found no example.] Twilled; rolled
upon itfelf.

'I'hii differs from Mufcovy-giafs only in this,
that the plates of that are Aat and plain, whereas
tbeCe are convcluttd and infletited.

H^(X,dwarJ on F'jjfili.

Convolu'tiok. It./, [fon'vo/utio, Latin.]

1 . The aft of rolling any thing upon itfelf;
the ftate of being rolled upon itfelf.

Oblerve the tonnjiiut'wn of the faid librcs ijl all
Other giands, in ihe lame or fome other manner.
Crrw'i OjffiaJbgia.
A thouftnxl fectef, fubtile pipes bellow,
From which, by num>ou> iinvoh:iotis wound,
Wrapp'd with th' attending nerve, and twilled
toa-.ti. iilackmun .

2. The ftate of rolling together in com-
pany.

And tofs'd wi<e round, *

CTtt the calm fe:>, in cnvo/mhn (wift
Tbeftrtbct'd cJdy floats. Ibunjin'i^tumn.

CON

To CON\'0'y. T. a. [toH'voyei-, Fr. from
connjiare, low Latin.] To accompany
by land or fea, for the fake of defence :
as, he •was convoyed by pips of miar.

Co'rvOY. ti.f. {from the verb. Anciently
the accent was on the lall fyllable ; it is
now on the firft.]

I . One attending on the road by way of
defence.

Had not God fet peculiar value upon his tem-
ple, he would not have m.tJe himfdf hU people's
anvy to fecure them in their paTHtge to it.

My foul grows hard, and cannot death eriJurc ;
Your ccrfvoy makes the dangerous way fecure.

Convy (hips accompany their merchants, till
they may prolecute the voyage without dangei .

Drydtns Pref. Dufrefry.

z.. The aft of attending as a defence.

Such fclljws will learn you by rote where fcr-
vices were done ; at fuch a breach, a: luch a rin-
•voy. Shakejji^are''i Hinry V.

Swift> as a Ip.irkle of a glancing liar,
I (hoot from heiv'n to give him fjl'e foniy.

Miltan^s ParoHiJe R.gg'.ncd.

3. Coiivcyance. Not now in ufe*

Sifter, as the winds give benefit.
And ct'Tfjoy is adiHanf, do not ficep,
But let me hear from you, * Shakeff^ean,

Co'nusance. rt. /. [^conofjpince , French.]
Cognizance; notice; knowledge* A
law term.

To CtpNVU'LSE. f. a. [convulfus, Lat.]
To give an irregular and involunt.vy
motion to the parts of any body.
Follows the loofenV, aggravated roar,
Enlarging, deepening, mingling peal on peal,
Crufii'd honible, tUBvui/ing heaven and earth.

' , Iboajpr:.

CoNvo'tsi'oN. n.f. [cotfvuljso, Latin".]
I. A toifjiilfion is an involuntary contrac-
tion of the fibres and mufcles, whereby
the body and limbs are preternaturally

diilorted.

(uiiicy.

It my hand l»e put into motion by a cott'vuljwn^
the indi^crcncy of that operative faculty is taken
away, Lccke.

z. Any irregular and violent motion ; tu-
mult ; commotion ; diliurbanee.

All have been Ii.bjeiJl to I'omc concufli.^ns, and
fall under the fame convuljians of Ilate, by diflcri-
fions or invafions, limbic.

Convu'lsive. adj. Sjon'vulftf, French.].
That which produces involuntary moti-
on ; that which gives twitches or fpafms.

They arc irregular and car'vu'f.'ve mocions, or
(Irugglings of the fpirics. UjU^ i Origin of Matik'inii.

Shew mc the flying-foul's coTiv:iyitj^ (Irife,
And all the ungiiiih of departing life,

DrydcrCl Aui er.g-z,;hc.
Her colour chang'd, her face was not the fame,
And hollow groans from her deep fpirit came ;
Her hair ftcod up; convulfive rage po(rt:ri.'d
Her trembling limbs, an^ hcav'd her hb'ring
bteaa, D'yJeiu

In fileD* weep,
And thy convuljive lorro.vs inward keep. PriC'-.
CONY. a. /'. [ini/fri. Germ, cotinil or con-
tiin, Fr. cuniculus, Lat.] A ribbit ; an
animal that burroughs in the ground.

With .\ ihoit-lcgg'd hen,
Lemons and wine for I'auce ; to iheft a eony
It tiiit to be delpalKd of, for our money.

//.'« ytrtjoni Epi^arrs.

The huibandman fufTcrs by hares and coiyt,

wliich eat the corn and trees. Miriir.nr'i HuJI>.

Con Y-B9R0UCM. ri. JT A place where
rabbits nziJce th'ci/ holes xa ih« ground.

COO

To Co'nyc.^tch. f, n. To catch a cony,
IS, in the old cant of thieves, to cheat j
to bite ; to trick.

I have matter in my head againft you, and
againft your cojiycatching rafcals.

iskakeffeaie's Merry jViiics of Hundfcr,

Co'nycatcher, K./. A thief ; a cheat ;

a ftiarper ; a tricking fellow; a raical.

Now obfolete.
To Coo. 'V. n. [from the found.] To cry

as a dove or pigeon.

Th; flrtckdove only through the foreft aoes.
Mournfully hoarfe. TbomJ'.ni Suvirreft

COOK. n.f. \_coqi4us, Latin.] One whofe
profeffion is to drefs and prepare viftuals
for the table.

One miilrefs Quickly is in the manner of hij
hurCe, or his dry-nurfe, or his cotsi, or his laundry,
his wafher, and his wringer.

Siakf /scare's Merry fflves of Windfort
The new-born b.ibe by nurl'cs overlaid.
And the csoi caught within the raging (ire he made.

Drydcn*
Their eocki could mjke artificial birds ai(d
(ilhes, in default of the real ones, and which ex-
ceeded them in the exquilitenefs of the tafte.

yirhuth'iot on CoirtSt

Cook-maid. n. f. [rao/t and maid.'\ A
maid that drefles provifions.

A friend was complaining to me, that his wife
had turned off one of the bell scok-maids in Eng-
land. Addijon,

Cgok-jjoom. n. f. \_ack and room-l A
room in which piovifions are prep.ired
for the fhip's crew. The kitchen of a
ihip.

The commodity of this new cook-room tha
merchants having found to be fo great, as that in
all their (hips the cook-rooms are built in their
fore-caftles, contrary to that which had been an-
ciently ufcd. Riilcigh's Ejj'jys.
To Cook. f. a. [cojuo, Latin.]

1 . To prepare vidtuals for the table*

Had either of tlie crimes been cooked to their pa-
lates, they might have changed nicfTcs,

Decay ofPiity,

2. To prepare for any purpofe.

Hanging is the word. Sir; if you be ready for
that, you arc well cookr. Sbakcjpcare^i Cymbc/tnc,

Coo'k E R V. a. f. [from cook.'l The art of
drefling viftuals.

Some man's wit
Found th' art of cook'ry to delight his fenfc :

More bodies are confum'd and kiil'd with it,
Thau with the fword, famine, or peftilencc.

Va^i'IeSt

Ev'ry one to cookery pretends. King's Cnokfyyt

Thrfe are the in;;rcdients of plants bt rore^tlii'tf

are prr'parcd by coohry. A.hui'hnot on Allij>iii.}s,

COOL. ac/J. [koelen. Dutch.]

1. Somewhat cold; approaching to cold.

He fet his leg in a pail-full, as hot ai he could
well ehdure it, renewing it ua it grew tv^/. Tetf:ple,

2, Not zealous ; not ardent ; not angry ;
not fond ; without paffion ; as, a coo/
friend ; a cool deceiver.

Cool. «. /. Freedom from heat ; foft and
refrefiiing coldnefj*

But fee where Lucia, at her wonted hour,
Amid the res/ of yon high marble-arch,
linjoys the noon-day breeze. Addifons C.Jta

Piiilander was enjoying the cool of tht morning
among the dews that lay on every thing about him,
and that gave theair a frcfho'.-ls. Addijon on Med.

To Cooi,. 1). a. [Jkeclc/i, Dutch.]
I, To make cool ; to allay heat.

Snow they uff in Naples inlhad of ice, he- •
caufe, ai they fay, it iult <fl congrals any liquor
(ouncir. A^d'f'n m luly.

Jelly

coo

Jrlljr.of currintt, or the jelly of iny ripe Aibjcld

fruitj It cmting, and very agree;ible t) tfie/Voroach.

• jirburhr.ot on Did*

«. To quiet paffion; to calm anger-, to
moderate zeal.

Wy lord Northumberland will fooobe cMtd.

Stattjftart'i tlcury IV.
He will keep his jealoufy to himfelf, and repine
. jn private, becauie he will be apt to fear fome ill
tflecl it may produce in acHitg your love to him.

Had they thought they had been fighting only
other people's guarrelf, perhaps it might have ccM
their jeal. Sari/'t.

^0 Cool. v. n. -

1 . To grow lefs hot.

2. To grow lefs warm with regard to paf-
fion or inclination.

My humour (hall not cool; I will incenre Ford

to deal with poifon ; I will polTci's him with yel-

luwnefs. Sbahfpeart.

You never eml while you j-ead Honger. Orydtn.

1 'm impatient till it be done; I will not £ive

myfeif liberty to think, left I fliould <•«/.

Cortgnvt'i OU BiKhikr.
'Co'oLER.. »._/ [frOfflfW.]

*. That which has tbe power -of cooling
the body.

Ciulcn are of two forts ; firft, t)iofe which pro-
duce jn immediate Jenfc of cold, which arc futli
as have their parts in lefs motion than thole cf
the organs of feeling ; and fecondly, fuch as, by
paiticular vifciditj, or groffnefs of parts, give a
greater conliftence to the animal fluids than they
had befoie, whereby they cannot move fo fall, and
theiefore will have lefs of that intelVme force on
which their heat depends. The former are fruits,
all acid liquors, and common water; and the Ut-
ter arc fuch as cucumbers, and all <^ubftances pro-
ducing vifcidity. ^incy.

In dogs or cats there appeared the fameneceflity
for a loJtr at in man. Harvey ok Cottfumfi'urt.

Acid things were ufed only as cooitri.

Arlutbmt en jiUmaili.

2, A veflel in which any thing is made
cool.

Your firft wort being thus boiled, lade off into
«ne or more coolen, or cool-backs, in which leave
■ the fuUage behind, and let it run off fine.

^ Mortimer's Hujbandry,

Coolly, adv. [from ««/.]

1 . Without heat, or (harp cold.

She in the gelid caverns, woodbine wrought.
And frclh bcdew'd with ever-fpouting ftreams.
Sits coolly calm. Ti-imjin'i Summer.

2. Without paffion.

Motives that addrefs themfelves coo/ly to our rea-
fon, are fitteft to be employed upon reafonable crea-
tures. Jitterbury.

Co'aLNEts. n.f. [from coil.'\
I . Gentle cold j a foft or mild degree of
cold.

This difference confifteth not in the heat or

• totir.cjt of fplriti ; for cloves and other fpiccs, nap-

tha, and petroleum, have exceeding hot fpiircs,

hotter a great deal than oil, wax, or tallow, but not

inflamed. Bac-n'i Natural Hijiory.

The toad loveth ihade and cocheji.

Bacon's fJatwal Hifioty.
Yonder the harvell of cold mootht laid up,
•Gives a freflj eoohrjs to the royal cup ;
There ice, like cryftal, firm and never loft,
Tempers hot July with December's frofl. ff^aller.
The (hecp enjoy the cottntft of the (hade.

Dryden's Virgil.

t. Want of aftciflion ; difincli nation.

They pytedwitli (nchcoolnefi ;.jward5 each other,
» if they fcarcc hop<rd to meet .igjin. Clarendon.

3. Freedom from pailion.
CooM. n.J. [ecama, French ]

f . Soot that gatners ov*r an aven's mouth

COO

2. That matter that \v0rk5 out of the
wheels of carriages. BaiUy,

3. It is ufed in Scotland for the ufeleft dull
which falls from large coals.

Coomb, or Comb. n.f. [ctmtle, Ft. cu-
mulus, Lat. a heap, Siinner.] A meafuie
of corn containing four bulhels. Baihy.

COOP. «. /. [kujpe, Dutch.]

1 . A barrel ; a vefl'el for the prefervation
of liquids.

2, A cage ; a pennfor animals, as poultry
or (heep.

Gracchus was (lain the day the chickens refufed
to eat out of the coop ; and Claudius Pulcher un-
derwent the like fucccfs, when he contemned the
tripudiary augurations. Brcivn.

There were a great many crammed capons toge-
ther in a coop. L'Ejlmrgc.

To C00P.1;. a. [from the noun.] Tofhtjt,
up in a narrow compafs ; to confine ; to
cage ; to imprifon : when it is ufed ab-
folutely, it has often, perhaps always,
the intenf.ve particle up.

That pale, that white-fat'd ihore,
Whufe foot fpurnsback the ocean's roaring lidcs,
And coopi from other lands hci if.anders.

abaktjpcare's King yobn.

The Englilhmen did coof up the lord Raven-
flein, that he ftirred ;nit ; and iikcwife held in
ftrait fiege the town. ' ''','. Bacon.

In the taking of a to\v'ft the p6or efcape bettt-r
than the rich ; for the on^ is let gt», and the otliei
is plundered and cooped up. L'BJirarge.

Twice conquer*d cowards, now your (hame is
(hown,
Cxip'd tip a fccond time within your town !
■Who dare not illue forth in open field.

Dryden's ^neid.

One world fuffic'd not Alexanders mind ;
Cotp'd up he feem'd, in earth and leas confin'd.

Dryden^s yuvcnal.

Coop'd up in a narrow iflc, obferving dreams
With flattering wiaards. Dryden's yuvenal.

The Trojans, roof '(/within their walls lolong.
Unbar their gates, and iffuc in a throng.

Dryden's j^n'ciJ.

The contempt of all other knowledge, as if it
were nothing in comparifon erf law or phyfick, of
aftrology or chymiftiy, coops the underllanding up
within narrow bounds, and hinders it from look-
iPj^ ..broad into other provinces of the intelledlual
w.>rld. Loiki.

They are cooped in clofe by the laws of, their
countries, and the fliiift guards of thofe whole
intcred it is to keep them ignorant. Locke.

What ! eo^p whole armies in our walls again I

Pope.

Cooph'f. n.f. [coufe, French.] A motion

in dancing.
Co'opER. n. /. [from eoej).] One that

makes coops or b.irrels.

Societies of artificers and tradefmcn, belonging
to fome towns corporate, fuch as' weavers and coo-
pers, by virtue of their charters, pretend to privi-
lege and jurifditVion. CliJd.

Co'oPERACE. «. /. [from coepfi:'] The

price paid for cooper's work.
n COO'PERATE. xr. n. [con and efera,

Latin.]
I. To labour jointly with another to the

fame en J: it hasT-v'/i before the agent,

and to before tlie cnd.j

It puzzleib and perplexcth the conceits of many,
that perhaps would ox}\cc\\\ie cooperate "zvith h'lin,
and makes a man walk alraott alone to his own
ends. ., ■ Bacon.

By giving man a free will, he allows man that
highefl fatisfrition and piivilc^e ot eocfcraiing to
his owu-fdlclty. ' ' Byle.

C OP

2'. To concur in producing the fame effeft.

His ir.erty will hot forgive offenders, or his be-
nignity eeoptratt tt their convcrfions.

Brown's Vatgar Errours*

All thcfe caufcs f M/rerjfi/!^, muft, at laft, weaken
their motion. CteynCi PbUoj'ophieal Principles.

The fpecial afts and Imprcflions by which the
Divine Spirit introduces this charjje, and how far
human Ifbeity coo{i4^atei iviib it, ate fubjedls beyond
our compiThenlion. Rogers*

Coopera'tion. rt. /. [from cooperate.']
The aft of contributing or concurring to
the fame end.

We might work any effefl without and againll
matter ; and this not holpen by the ctoptratim of
angels or fpi'iu, bat only by tiie unit) and har-
mony of nature. Bacon's Natural Hijiory.

Coo'pER ATIVE. ItilJ. [from cooperate.]
Promoting the fame end jointly.

Coopera'tor. n.f. [from cooperate."] He
that, by joint eiidcavours, promotes the
fame end with others.

Coopta'tion. «. /. l^cooptt, Latin.]
Adoption; aflumption.

COO'RDINATE. adj. {con and ordinatus,
Latin.] Holding the fame rank ; not
being fijbordinate. Thus Iheil-fifli may
be divided into two coordinate kinds,
cruftaceous and tellaceous ; each of
which is again divided into m.iny fpe-
cies, fubordinate to the kind, but coordi-
nate to each other.

The word Analj lis li^'nlfies the generJI and par-
ticular heads of a difcou1'f<S U*]lh their mutual con-
nexions, both coordinate ^ni fubordinate, drawn cut
into one or more tables. Watts.

Coo'rdi k atelv. adv. [from coordinate.]
In tlie fame rank ; in the fame relation :
without I'ubordination.

Coo'rdin ATENESS. n. f. [from Coordi-
nate.] The Hate of being coordinate.

Coo'rdi nation, n.f. [horn coordinate.]
The Hate of holding the fame rank j of
ftanding in the fame relation to fome-
thing higher ; collateralnefs.

In this high court of parliament there is a rare
coordination of power, a wholefomc mixture betwixt
monarchy, optimacy, and democracy.

. Hoviel's Pre-eminence of Parriament.

When thefe pretty intrigues of a play are fo ill

ordered, that they have no coherence with the

other, 1 muftgran^that Lyfidius h.TS reafon to tax

that want of due connexion ; for coordination in a

, play is as dangerous and unnatural as in a flate.

Dryden on Dramatic Poej'ym

Coot. ». / [maer-ieet, Dut. cotee, Fr.J
A fmall black water-fowl, feen often in
fens and maifhes.

A lake, the haunt
Of ctots, and of the filhing cormurant.

Diyden's Fables,

COP. n.f. [Jtop, Di:t. cop, Sa.x.] The
head; the top of any thing; any thing
rifmg to a head : as, a cop, vulgarly coci,
of hay ; a cob-caftle, properly cop-cajlle,
a fniail callie or houfe on a hill ; a cob of
cherry- ftones, for cop, a pile of llone? one
laid upon another j a tuft on the head
of birds.

Co'pAL. n.f. I'he Mexican term for a
gum.

Co^a'rceN'a RV. n.f. [ho'm coparcener.]
Joint fucceflion to any inheritance.

In defccnt to all t'. ' ' in ccpai c.nttry ,

for w.int of fons^ the ; . allotted to the

eldelt dkughter. I'... . :. ..■> f C-.mmcn I.avi.

COPA'R.

c o j»>.

COPA'RCENER. „./ [from «» and /.ir-
• ticeps, Lat.]

_ Cc;.arffrrrs are oth-rwlfecaUcd parceners; and,
in common law, are fuch as have equai portion in
the inheritance of .uk anceftor. Co-mcll.

This great lordihip '-.js broken and divided, and
partition made bcnvren the five daughters : in every
of thefe portions, the Kfarcctmi Ccverally exercifed
Hie fame jurifdiflion royal, which the' carl mar-
flial and his fons had ufed in the whole province.
-, , Davits -17 hcUmi.

t-oPA RCENY. «./ An equal Hiarc of co-
parceners. Phillips's World oflVords
•COPA'RTNER. ,. / [,„ and Ut^erA
One that has a fliare in forae common
flock or affair ; one equally concerned ;
a fharer ; a partaker ; a partner. Mil-
ton has ufed it both with yand in.

, Our faithful friends,

Th aflbciatej and copartners 5/ our lofs.

Milton's Faradife Loll.
Shall I to him make known
As yet my change, and give him to partake
Foil happinefs with me? Or rather not;
But keep the odds of knowledge in my powV,
Without cofartvir f Milton's Paradijt Lcji.

- . Rather by them

•1 gam d what I have gain'd, and with them dwtll
Lofartncr in thefe regions of the world.
„ , Milan's Paradife Rtraind.

tq^A RTNERSHip.«./ [horn copartnir.]
The Hate of bearing an equal part, or
poflefling an equal fliare.

Jn cafe the father left only daunhters, the daugh-
ters equally fuccceded to their father as in c^art-

CopATALV.^^. [from«/.] Highraif-

Oh, fin. villain ! a filken doublet, a velvet hole,
a Icarlet cloke, and a cpaiain hat.

^ SbahfftaresramingoftbtShrtto.

«0PA TV A. »./. [It is fometimes written
capt-vi, copiw, capay-va, cofayva, at-
fay-va, ctipayia.] A gum which diftils
from a tree in Brafil. It is much ufed
m diforders of the urinary paffaees

Cope. «./ [See Cop.]

1 . Any thing with which the head is co-
vered.

2. A facerdotal cloak, or veftment worn in
facred miniftration.

3. Any thing which is fpread over the
head ; as the concave of the fkies ; any
archi^rk over a door.

Mr- I.- A". '^''' '•"'"P' '''" ="« contained
With n this g^dly t,ft, both moft and leaft,
1 iicir bcmg h«e, and daily are incrcaft. Sprnftr.
r>rc J .Ov'-rhendthedifmalhiis '^ ''
Ut fiery d.irts in Aiming vlleys flrw,
Arl flyin,- vaulted eit'irr hoft with fire •
•y ccf(, together ruA'd '
.lain. Mi/tin: PjraJi/t Uli.

1 .:c Kru lar bclKvcs thctt is no mm under fhe
tc/f of heaven, who u fo knowing as his maimer.

fe Cope. t/. a. [from the noun.] '^'"''

1. To cover, as with a cope.

A very lar^e bridge, that is all made of wood,
and rc*rrf over he jd. d u r 1 ,

2. lo contend With; to oppofc.

' , Know my name is left,

J./ trcifon s tooth bare gnawn. and caaker-bit J
V or :.m I noble as the advcrfary

,,, r": • itbatrrf fare's Kmg I.cht.

3. I o reward ; to give in return.

•J . .,.' Jjnd my friend

Have, by your wifdom, been this dayacruittcd
Of grievous renalt.es i in lieu whei^of.
Three thoofjnd ducat;, due unto the lew.
We freeJy cf, your ceurteous pa-i., wiUial. Shah.
VOL. i.

CQ P^

\ To Cope. ■». a.
I. To contend; to flruggle ; to ftrlve. It
has -with before the thing or peribn op-
pofed. [In this fenfe it is a word of
doubtful etymology. The conjedure of
Junius derives it Oom lioopen, to buy, or
fome other word of the fame import ; fo
that to cope with fignilies to interchange
blo--Mi, or any thing elfe, with another.]

Let our trains
March by us, that we may pcrufe the men
We fliould have cofd uiiha!. Sbak, Hmy IV.

It is likely th<^ wilt undertake
A thing, like death, to chide away this Ihame,
ihat tofes tulib death itfclf, to'fcape from it.

Shakcfpcarit
But Eve was Eve;
This far his over-match, who, fclf-deceiv'd
And ralh, befoichai\d had no better vreigh'd
The ftrength he was to c^pe tvitb, 01 his own.

Ti r „ Milton.

1 hey perfcfJly underUood both the hares and

the encjny they were to c.fc mithal. Vh'.jlrangc.

On ever)- plain,
Hoft cop dviitb hoft, dire, was the din of war.
„. .' , , Pbilips.

i neir generals have not been able to cope loitl
the troops of Athens, which I have concUicted.
,. , ... Jiddifon's JVhig Examiner.

If the mind apply itfelf firft to caher (uljeds,
and things near a -kin to what is already known :
and Uen advance to the more remote and knotty
parts of knowledge by (low degrees, it will be able,
in this manner, to ape vinb great difficulties, and
prevail over them wlith amazing and happy fuccefi.
IVatts on the Mind.

2. To encounter; to interchange kindnefs
or fentiments.

„, „ Thou frefli piece

Of excellent witchcraft, who offeree muft know
he royal fool thou cop'fi .with. Shah, mntcrs Talc.
_ Thou art e'en as ju(t a man,
As e er my converfation cop'd withal.
rr r> ™ Shaiefpeare's Hamlet.

lo Cope. 'v. e. To embrace. Not in ufc

_ I will make him tell the tale a.iew;
Where, how how oft, how long ago, and when,
"e tiath, and is again to cope your wife.

Shahejpeare's Othello.

CopESMATE. ;,./ [perhaps for fa/>«/^,
a companion in drinking, or one that
dwells under the fame cope, for houfe 1
Companion ; friend. An old word.

Ne cvcrflaiJ in place, ne fpake to wight,
i 111 that the fox b:ii copefmate he hid found.
, Huhberd'sTalc.

Copier, n.f. [from «/>]

1 . One that copies ; a tranfcriber.

A coin is in no danger of having its ch.iraaers
altered hy copiers and tianfcribers. Mdifin on Coins.

2. One that imitates; a plagiary ; an imi-
tator.

Without invention a ralnter is but a c-pier, and
a poet but a pLigiaryof others. Dry den's £,/„/„,,.

Let the faint «;!.«r, on old Tiber's Ihore,
Nor mean the talk, each breathing buft oxn|„re =
Line after line with painful paticnc^ffac-,
l^his R',man grandeur, that Athenian grace. Tickel.

Co'piNo. „./ [from cope.] The upper
lire of mafonry which covers the wall

All thefe were of coftly ftones, even frcm the
foundation unto the coping. , Kings, vii. o .

Ihccopmg, the modillions, or dentils, make a
noble fliew by their graceful projeflions.

jiddifon's Freeholder.
CO'PIOUS. adj. [copiu, Latin.] '
I. Plentiful; abundant; exuberant; in
great quantities.

Rofe, aa in dance, the ftately trees, and fpread
* heir branches hung wilh copious (s<t\i. MUnn.

COP

Full me-ifare only bsandi
Fxref., b,f.,re the all-bounteousking,who IhowV*
V^^'h copious hand, rejoicing in their joy. Af,/f,„.
T his alkahne acrimony indicates tits copious ufe
of vinegar and acid^ fruits. Arbuthnot oil Aiimems.
. , , . 'I'he tender heart is peace,

And>kindly pours its copious treaiures fordi
In various converfe. Tkontjon's Spring.

2. Abounding in words or images 5 net
barren ; not confined ; not concife.

^u"u'l' l°" "'' ^°'*' ^"'°"'' °'' ">=" '■ tliy nanw
:>tiall be the copious matter of my fong

Henceforth, and never (hall my harp thy praife

torget, nor trora thy Father's prail';; disjoin.

(-■„' . , ,- Miltoit.

<-o PIOUSLY, adv. [from copious.]

1. Plentifully; abundantly; in great quan-

2. At large; without brevity or concife-
nels; diffufely.

Thvfe feveral remains have teen fo (:o«;i).v/?y de-
icribed by abundance of travellers, and other wri-
ters, that it IS very difficult to make any newdif.
covcr.cs on lb beaten a fubjeft. Addifots.

COPIOUSNESS, n.f. Ihom copious.]

1. Plenty; abundance; great quantity j
exuberance.

2. Diffufion ; exuberance of ftyle.

The Roman orator endeavoured to imitate the
copioujrefs of Homer, and the Latin poet made it
his buiinefs to reach the concifenefs of Demof.
tncnes. r^ j

(-OPIST. n./. [from copy.] A copier; a

tranfcriber ; an imitator.
Co'pLAND. n.f. A piece of ground in

which the land terminates witli an acute

r^'"^''- .. rr ^'^•

Co PPED. adj. [from cup.] Rifing to 3
top or head.

It was broad in its bafis, and rofe copped like a

fugar.loaf. m/eman's Surgery.

A galeated efchinus being copped ini fomewhat

r^""" r rrr^.- . ff'^^'i-^'-'-J.-

Co ppEL. n.f. [This word 15 varioufl»

fpelt ; as copel. cupel, ctiple, and cupple ^

but I cannot find its etymology.] An

inftrument ufed in chymiftry, in the

form of a dilh, made of afljes, well

walhed, to cleanfe them from all their

fait ; or of bones thoroughly calcined.

Its ufe is to try and punfy gold and fil-

vcr, which is done by mingling lead

with the metal, and expofing it in the

coppel to a violent fire a long while.

The impurities of the metal will then

be carried off in drofs, which is called

the litharge of gold and iilver. Th«

CO'PPER. „./ Uoper, Dutch ; cuprum,
l.atin.] One of the fix primitive metals.

Copper is the moll duftile and malleable metaL
after (jold and filvcr. Of a mixture of copper anS
lapis calaminaris is formed brafs ; a compofition of
copper and tin makes bvll-metal ; and c,pper and
brals, melted in equal quantities, produces what the
trench call broiuc, uleJ for figures and rtatucs.

r .. • ■L. ■ , . Cbambcrs.

Copper IS heavier than iron or tin ; but liKhter

than (liver, lead, and gold. Hill on FoiJH,.

1 wo vellels of enc copper, precious as gold.

/■■> ' ,. . _ . Exra, viii. 27,

Co ppER. «./ A vefTel made of copper -
commonly ufed for a boiler larger than
a moveable pot.

They boiled it in a copper to the half, then
they poured It into earthen vcifels. Hac.I'i,, Hill

Copper. NOSE. n.f. topper and noli. l A
red nofe. ■'

3 G H,-

COP

C O P

COP

H< havlni colour enough, and the other higher,

Is too (laming a praife for a good complexion : 1

had as lieve Helen's golden tongue had commended

Troilus for a ttffcr-n:ft' Sbilrffiart.

G4itta rnfacea arilethin little hard tubercles, af-

fefling the face all over with great itching, which,

keing fcratched, looks red, and rifej in great welks,

«n(lering the viCage fier)' j an4 malcet ccfftr-Kc/,i,

as we generally exprefj them. Wifman.

C^orPER-PiATE. n.f. A plate on which

piftures are engraven for the neater im-

preflion, diftingailhed from a wooden

cut.

Copper-work. «._/. [cop f er i^nA •work.']

A place where copper is worked or ma-

nufaflured.

This it like thoft wrought at co/fer-vnirti.

Co'pPERAS. n.f. [hpperoefe, Dut. eoupe-
rcii/t, Fr. fuppofcd to be found in copper
mines only.J A name given to three
forts of vitriol ; the green, the bliiifh
j[reen, and the white, which are pro-
duced in the mines of Germany, Hun-
gary, and other countries. But what is
commonly fold here for copperas, is an
artificial vitriol, made of a kind of
Aones found, on the fea-lhore in Effex,
Hampthire, and fo weftward, ordinarily
called gold ftones from their colour.
They abound with iron, and are expofed
to the weather in beds above ground,
and receive the rains and dews, which
in time breaks and diffolves the ftones :
the liquor that runs off is pumped into
boilers, in which is firft put old iron,
which, in boiling, diffolves. This fac-
titious copperas, in many refpefts, agrees
witli the native green vitriol.

Chambers. Hill,
It may be qucftloned, whether, in this opera-
tion, the iron cr cafftrai be rranfmuted, from the
cognation of cifferas with copper, and the iron
remaining after converfion. Breiun.

Co'pPERSMlTH. n.f. [copper zni.fmith.y
One that manufaAures copper.

Salmoneus, as the Grecian tale is,
Wa» a mad ttffcrjmith of Elis ;
' Up at his forge by morning peep. Sivift,

Co'ppERWORM. n.f. [teredo, Latin.]

1. A little worm in ftiips.

2. A worm that fretteth garments.

3. A worm breeding in one's hand.

Ainfixjorth,
Co'miiY. adj. [ftom copper."] Contain-
ing copper ; made of copper.

Some fprings of Hungary, highly impregnated
Krlth vitriolick fa^ts, diflolve the body of iron put
into 'he fpring, and depofita, in lieu of the irony
particles carried off, coffcrj particles brought with
the water out of the neighbouring copper-mines.
IVxuiivarii en Fcjils.

CO'PPICE. »./ [coupeaux, Fr. from cou-
per, to cut or lop. It is often written
coffe.'] Low woods cut at Rated times
for fuel ; a place over-nm with brulh-
wood.

A land, each (lit whereof was bounded both
with high timber trees, and eofjet of far more
tumble ^-rowth. SiJny.

Upon the edge of yonder ccpfke,
A (land, where you may have the faireft (hoot.

Stak^/ptari,

In ri>/i/ic< woods, if you leave ftsddles too thick,

they run to bu(hes and briars, and have Utile clean

under wood* Sattn

The willows, and the hatel ctp/n grttni
Shall now no more be feen
Fanning their joyous leaves to their foft lays.

Milicn.

Raife trecsin your feminarles and nurfrries, and
you may tranfplant them forcefpin ground, walks,
or hedges. Aiortiwur^t Hujhaneiry.

The rate of cofpite lands will fail upon the
difcovery of coal.minc&. Locke,

Co'ppLE-DusT. t:./. [probably for fi)//f/,
or cupel duji.] Powder ufed in purifying
metals, or the grofs parts feparated by
the cupel.

It may be alfo tried by incorpsrating powder of
(leel,. or ctiffh-dujl, by pouncing into the quick-
filver. Bacon.

Copp I. E -STONES are lumps and fragments
of ftone or marble, broke from the ad-
jacent cliffs, rounded by being bowled
and tumbled to and again by the adion
of the water. Woodiuard.

Co'ppLEn. adj. [from <■«/.] Rifing in a
conick form ; rifing to a point.

There is fame difference in this (hape, fome
being flatter on tlie top, others more coppled.

fVoodioard on Fc£iii.

Copse, n.f, [abbreviated from coppice.]
Short wood cut at a certain growth for
fuel ; a place overgrown with (hort wood.

The eaft quarters of the (hire are not dcditute
of copfe woods. Carrw^s Survey ofCornivatL

Oaks and brambles, if the copfe be burn'd.
Confounded lie, to the fanjeafhes turn'd. Waller.

But in what quarter of the copfe it lay,
His eye by certain level could furvey.

Drydtn's Fah/es.

7« Copse, "v. a. [from the noun.] To
preferve underwoods.

The neg'efl of copjtng wood cut down, hath been
of very evil confequence.

S'wift*! jtldrefs to Parliament.

CO'PULA. n.f. [Latin.] The word which
unites the fubjeft and predicate of a pro-
pofition ; as, hooks are dear.

The apiila is the form of a propofition ; it re-
prcfents the aii of the mind, affirming or denying.

Walls's Logick.

To CO'PULATE. f. a. [copulo, Latin.]
To unite; to conjoin; to link together.

Jf the force of cuftum, fimple and feparate, be
great, the force of cudom copulate, and conjoined,
and collegiate, is far greater. Bacon.

To Co' TV I. AT v.. -v. n. To come together
as different fexes.

Not only the perfons fo cofuUting arc infefted,
but a!fo their children. WJcman's Surgery.

Copula'tion. ft./, [from ctpulate.] The
■congrefs or embrace of the two fexes.

Sundry kinds, even of conjugal copulation, are
prohibited as unhonelt. Hooker.

Co'puLATiVE. adj. [copulativus, Latin.]
A term of grammar.

Copulative propofitions arethofe which have more
fubjcfts or predicates connefted by a(iirmative 01
negative conjunctions : as, riches and honours are
temptations to pride j Caefar conquered the Cauls
and the Britons ; neither gold nor jewels will pur-
chafe Immortality. , Wuttt's Logick.

CO'PY; »./ [copie, Fr. fopia, low Latin;
fuod cuipiam faila eft copia exfcribcndi.
Junius inclines, after his manner, to
derive it from xott®-, labour ; becaufe,
fayj he, to copy another's writing is very
painful and Uborious,]

I . A tranfcript from the archetype or ori-
ginal.

If virtue's felf wen lo(f, we might
From ywK fair mind new (tpitt wtftc Waller.

I hiT» not the vanity to think my ctfy equal t»
the original. Denbane^

He ftcpc forth, not only the copy of God's hands,
but alfo the cc^^of hisperfe^ions, a kind of image
or rcprefcniation of the Deity in fmall.

Soutb't Sermonu

The Romans having fent to Athens, and the
Greek cities of Italy, for tepiet of the bell laws,
chofe ten legidators to put them into form. Siuift,

z. An individual book ; one of many books :
as, a good, or fair copy.

The very having of the books of God was a
matter of no fmall charge, as they could not be had
otherwifc than in written ctpiet. Hooker*

3. The autograph ; the original ; the ar-
chetype ; that from which any thing ic
copied.

It was the copy of our conference;
In bed he dept not, for my urging it;
At board he fed not, for my urging it.

Sbniefpeare'i Comedy of Errmrs*
Let him firft learn to write, after a copy, all the
letters in the vulgar alphabet.

Holder^ I Elemmtt of Speeeb,
The firft of them I have forgotten, and cannoC
eafily retrieve, becaufe the ctfy is at the prefs.

Dry dee,

4. An inftrument by which any convey-
ance is made in law.

Thou know'd that Banquo and his Fleance lives;
But in them nature's copy 's not eternal.

Sbakefpeare's Macbeth,

5. A pi(3ure drawn from another pidlure.
Copy-BOOK. n.f. [copy and book.] A

book in which copies are written for
learners to imitate.
Copy-HOLD. n.f. [copy and hold.] A
tenure, for which the tenant hath no-
thing to fhew but the copy of the rolls
made by the (leward of his lord's court :
for the Reward, as he enrolls other
things done in the lord's court, fo he
regiflers fuch tenants as are admitted in
the court, to any parcel of land or tene-
ment belonging to the manor ; and the
tranfcript of this is called the court roll,
the copy of which the tenant takes from
him, and keeps as his only evidence.
This is called a bafe tenure, becaufe it
holds at the will of the lord ; yet not
fimply, but according to the cuftom of
the manor : fo that if a copy-holder break
not the cuftom of the manor, and there-
by forfeit his tenure, he cannot be turned
out at the lord's pleafure. Thefe cuftoms
of manors vary, in one point or other,
almoft in every manor. Some copy-holds
^re finable, and fome certain : that
which is finable, the lord rates at what
fine or income he pleafes, when the
tenant is admitted into it ; that which
is certain, is a kind of inheritance, and
calkd iu many places cuftomary ; be-
caufe the tenant dying, and the hold
being void, the next of blood paying the
cuftomary fine, as two ftiillings for an
acre, or fo, cannot be denied his ad-
miftion. Some copy-holders have, by
cuftom, the wood growing upon their
own land, which by law they could not
have. Some hold by the verge in an-
cient demefne ; and though they hold
by copy, yet arc they, in account, a
kind of freeholder ; for, if fuch a one
commit felony, the king hath annum.

COR

diem, and 'uaftum, as in cafe of freehold.
Some others hold by common tenure,
called mere copy-hold; and, they com-
mitting felony their land efcheats to
the lord of the manor. Ct.'welL

If a cuftomr.ry cenant di.e, the widow fliall liav?
what t'le law calls her free ber.ch in all his cop^.
*"''» '»"<'«• AJd&n.

Copy-HOLDER. »./ [from (opyhoU.] One

that is poffefled of land in copyhold.
To Co'pY. -v. a. [from the noun.]

1. To tranfcribe; to write after an ori-
. ginal : it has fometiraes out, a kind of

pleonafm.

He who hurts a harmlcfs neighbour's peace,
Who loves a lye, lame /lander helps about.
Who writes a libel, or who cjfki oui. Popi: F-l'ilh.

2. To imitate; to propofe to inutation {
to endeavour to refemble.

"' He that borrows other men's experience, with

this defign ai ctipymg it out, poffelfes himfelf of one

of Che greatell advantages. Decay of Piety.

Set the examples, and their fouls inflame j

To ccfy tut their great ferefathers fame. t

Dryderfi King ArtbuK

To co/y her fev/ nymphs afpir'd.

Her virtues fewer fwains admir'd. S-uiifu

To Co'py. <v. n.

I . To do any thing in imitation of fome-
thing elfe.

Some imagine, that whatfoerer they find in the
piflurt of a mafter, who has acquired teputatioil,
xnuft of ncceffity be excellent ; and never fail,
when they crjfy, to follow the bad as well as the
good things. _ Dry Jen's Dufrrfmy.

t. It has fometimes from before the thing
imitated.

COR

C O R

When a painter ccfnis fran the life, he has no
privilege to alter features and lineaments, under
pretence tiiat his pifture will feck better. Dryden.
3. Sometimes after.

Several of our countrymen, and Mr. Dryden "in
particular, feem very often to have copied after it in
tlieir dramatick writings, and in their poems upon
'•"'!; , Addifin'! Speclaior.

To Coquet, -v. a. [from the noun.]
To entertain with compliments and amo-
rous tattle ; to treat with an appearance
of amorous tendernefs.

You arc cojuettlng a maid of honour, my lord
lookiiig on to fee how tlie gamefters play, and I
railing at you both. Swift.

To Co(iy e't. -v. n. To ad the lover j to
entice by blandifliments.

I'hyilis, who but a month ago
Was married to the Tunbridgc beau,
I faw ctjuenin^ t" other night.
In publick, with that odious knight. S'.nifi.
CoQUE'TRr. n. f. [coqtuterie, French.]
Affeftation of amorous advances ; dcfire
of attrafting notice.

I was often in company with a couple of charm-
ing women, who had all the wit and beauty one
cobid defire in female companions, without a daft
of oquelry, that from time to time gave me a great
many agreeable torments. Addifn's Steaaictr.

COQUE'TTE. «./. [coquette, ?r. from
coqufirt, a prattler.] A gay, airy girl ;
a girl who endeavonrs to attraft notice.

'I he light coquettes in fylphs aloft repair.
And fport and flutter in the fields of air. rope.
A cojueiu and a tinder-box are fparkltd.

A'buihmt and Pcpc.

Co'racle. n.f. ffwrow^/f, Wellh, pro-
bably from corium, leather, Lat.] A
boat ufed in Wales by fifliers, made by
drawing leather or oiled cloth upon a
frame of wicker work.

CCRAL. It./. [corallium,L!H\a.-]
I . Red coral IS a plant of as great hardnefs
and ftony nature, wliiie growing in the
water, as it has after long expofure to
the air. The vulgar opinion, that coml
is foft while in the fea, proceeds from
a foft and thin coat, of a cruftaceous
matter, covering it while it is growing,
and which is taken off before it is packed
up for ufe. The whole coral -pUnt grows
to a foot or more in height, and is va-
rioufly ramified. It is thickell at the
ftem, and its branches grow gradually
fmaller. It grows to ftones, without a
root, or without any way penetrating
them ; but as it is found to grow, and
take in its nouriftiment, in the manner
of plants, and to produce flowers and
feeds, or at leaft a matter analogous to
feeds, it properly belongs to the vege-
table kingdom. Hilt's Mat. Med.

In the fea, upon the fouth-weft of Sicily, much
coral IS found. It is a fubmarine plant ; it hath no
leaves 5 it brancheth only when it is under water.
It IS foft, and, green ot' colour; but being brought
into the air, it becometh hard and mining red, as
*' Jf^."^; Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.

This gentleman, defirous to find the nature of
coraJ, caufed a man to go down a hundred fathom
into the lea, with exprefs orders to take notice
whether it were hard or foft in the place where It
groweth.. Bro^un', ru/gar Errours.

"«"«"» t°' crackling found of coral woods.
And fees the fccret fource of fubterranean floods.
DryJen't Virgil.
A turret was inclos'd
Within the wall, of alabaftcr white.
And crimfon coral, for the queen of night,
Who takes in Sylvan fports her chafte delight.

_ . , , , . Dryden,

Or where s the fenfe, direfl or tnoral.
That teeth are pearl, or lips are coral f Prior.

z. The piece of coral which children have
about their necks, imagined to affift
them in breeding teeth.'

Her infant grandame's coral next it grew ;
The bells /he gingled, and the whiillc blew. Pope.

Co R A L-T R E E . «. / [corallodcndro/t , Lat.]

It IS a native of America, and produces very

beautiful fcarlet flowers ; but never any feeds in

the European gardens. Miller,

Co'ralljne. adj. [f«fa//»»w, Lat.] Con-
fifting of coral; approaching to coral.

_ At luch time as the lea is agitated, it takes up
into_ itfelf terreftrial matter of all kinds, and in
particular the coralline matter, letting it fall again,
as It becomes calm. JVocdivard.

Co'ralline. n.f. [from the adjedive.]

Coralline is a fea plant ufed in medicine; but
much inferior to the coral in hardnefs, fometimes
greeni/h, fometimes yellowl/h, often reddifh. and
frequently white. Hill

In Faloiouth there is a fort of fand, or ratlier

coralline, that lies under the owfe. M„riim. Ihjb.

Co'r a L LOi D . 7 adj. [no^oc>},cuh,.] Re-

v_o RAHoiDAL. j feinbling coral.

No'.v that plants and ligneous bodies may indu-
rate under water, without approachment of air, «c
have experiment in coralKne, with many coraUoidal
concretions. g^^^^^

1 he pentadrous, columnar, coralloid bodies, that
are compofed of pl..te.. fet lengthways of the body,
and pafling from the furface to the axis of it.

Pf^oodmard on Fojfils.

Cora'nt. »./ [courani,Vrtnch.] A lofty
fprightly dance.

It is harder to dance a corant well than a jigg;
fo in converfation, even, eafy, and agreeable, more
than poiati 0/ wi t. Temple.

I would ai foon believe a widow in great grief
for her hu/band, becaufe I faw her dance a. corant
about his coffin. Wtillb,

Co'rban. n.f. [mp.] An alms-ba&et ; ,
a receptacle of charity; agift; ai^alnvj.

They think to fatisfy all obligations to duty by
their c'jrlan of religion. King Charles.

Corian (lands for an o/Tering or gift made to God,
or his temple.. The Jews fometimes fwore hy corian,
or the. gifts offered unto God. If a m.m made all
his fortune corian, or devoted it to God, he was for-
bidden to_ ufe it. If all that he was to give hig
wife, or his father and mother, was declared corian,
he was no longer penr.itted to allow them neceflary
fubfillence. Even debtors were permitted to defraud
their creditors, by confecrating their debt to God.
Our Saviour reproaches the Jews, in the Gofptl,
with thefe uncharitible and irreligious vows. By
this word fuch pcrfonswere likewife meant, as 4e-
voted themfelves to tlie fervice of God and his
temple. Corian fignifies alio the treafury of the
temple, where the offerings, which were made in
money, were depofited. Caln-.et,

Cor BE. adj, [courie, French.] Crooked,

For fiker thy head very tottie is,
So thy corie Ihoulder it leans amifs.

Spenfer's PajtcraU,

Co'rbeils. n, f. Little balkets ufed in
fortification, filled with earth, and fet
upon the parapet, to ihelter the men in
firing upon the befiegers.

Co'rbel. «. / [In architediure.] The,
reprefentation of a baflcet, fometimes
placed on the heads of the caryatides.

Co'r BEL. \ .

Co'rb.l. I "■■'•

1. A fhort piece of timber flicking out
fix or eight inches from a wall, fome-
times placed for ftrength under the femi-
girders of a platform.

2. A niche or hollow left in walls for
figures or ftatues. Chambers,

CORD, n.f [cort, Welfh ; chorda, Latin ; .
corde, Fr.]

1. A rope; a firing compofed of feverail
ftrands or twills.

She let them down by a cord through the win-
"•o;^- jof. ir. 5.

Form'd of the (ineft complicated thread,
Thefe num'rous cords are thro' the body fpread.

Blackmore,

2. The cords extended in fetting up tents,
furnifli feveral metaphors in fcripture.

_ Thine eyes fliall fee Jerufalem a quiet habita-
tion, * tabernacle that fliall not be taken down ;
none of the flakes thereof fliall ever be removed,
neither Aall any of the cords thereof be broken.

//u/iri, xxxiii. JO.

3. A quantity of wood for fuel, fuppofed
to be meafured with a cord ; a pileeight
feet long, four high, and four broad.

Cord. MAKER, w./ [cord &nd taaJie.] One

whofe trade is to make ropes j a rope*

maker.
CoRD-wooD. «./ [cord tind 'Wood.] Wooci

piled up for fuel, to be fold by the cord.
To Corp. "v, a. [from tlie noun.] To bind

with ropes ; to fallen with cords ; toclofe

by a bandage.
Co'rdage. n,f, [from cord.] A quanuty

of cords ; the ropes of a (hip.

Our cordage from her /lore, and cables, fliouW
be made.
Of any in that kind mo/l /it for marine trade.

Drayton,
They faftened their /hips, and rid at anchor
with cables of ir»n chains, having ncidier canvas
nor mdage. Raleigh.

3^2 Spuia

COR

COR

COR

•pain fumid.eiJ a fort of ruft called fpartum,
■fet'ul f«r ccfJa^e anJ other parts of /hipping.

^rhutinr>t on Cc'int.

Co'rbed. mJj. [from cord.'\ Made of
ropes.

This night h« meaneth, with a fcrrffi/ ladder,
To climb celeftiahSilvia's chamber windjw. Shak.
Cordeli'er. n.f. A Francifcan friar:
fo named from the cord which ierves him
for a cin£ture.

And who to aiHft bur a grave corjelitr. . Pritr.

CCRDIAL. «. / [from car, the heart,
Latin.)

1. A medicine that increafes the force of
the heart, or quickens the circulation.

2. Any medicine that increafes llrengtli.

A etrtiiaty properly fpeaking, is not always what

increafeth the force of the heart ; for, by in-

crealing tliat, the animal may be weakened, as in

' inilammator>' diTeafes. Whatever increaliith the

natural or animal ftrcngth, the force cf niavinf:

Ui- Aaids and mufctes, i:> a cordial: thtle .trc fucfi

fubftasces as bting the ferum of the blood into the

prupcrcA condition t»r circulation and nutrition j

, ■ as broths made of animal fubAanccs, millc. ripe

fruits, and whatever is endued witn a wholefam'e

-■ but not pungent tafte. j4riuihfioron Alhntins.

' ji' Any thing that comforts, gladdens, and
exhilarates.

Then with fome eerdlah feek for to appeafe, I
The inward languor of my wounded heart, '

And then my body {hall have (hortly eafc;
Eut fuch fweet rcrrf.v/> pafs phyficians art. Sfex/er.
CorHiah of pity give me now, j

For I too weak for purges grew* Cvwlty,
Your warrior offspring that upheld the crov\"n,
The fcarlet honour of your peaceful gown.
Are the mo{l picafing obje^s 1 can find.
Charms to my fight, and cordials to my mind.

DryHcif.
Co'rdiai. aJj.
■ I. Reviving ; invigorating ; reftorative.
It is a thing I make, which hath the king
Five times redccm'd from death : 1 do not knuw
What is more cordial. Sbahefpeare'i Cymbeltne,

He only took cordialwucxs, in which we infufed
fometimes pu.gatives. iVifemart^s Surgery.

2. Sincere ; hearty ; proceeding from the
heart ; without hypocrify.

DoAtines are infufed among chriHians, wh:ch
•re apt to obftruft or intercept the rwrfij/ fupcr-
iiruAing of Chriftian life of renovation, where the
foundation is duly laid. Hammojid.

He, with looks of cordial love,
Hong aver her enamourM. Milton.

Cordia'lity. «./. [froTO.- cor Jial.J

1, Relation to the heart.

That the antlents had any fuch rcfpefts of cor-
diality, or reference unto the heart, will much be
doubted. Braiun,

2. Sinccf iry ; freedom from hypocrify.
t'o'RDJALLY. otiv. [from forrt'/a/.] Sin-
cerely ; heartily ; without hypocrify.

Whire a flrong inveterate love of fin has made
any doflrine or propofition wholly unfuiiable to the
heart, no argument, or demonstration, no nor
miracle whatfuever, (hall be able to bring the heart
rondially to dofe with, and receive it. South's Scrm.
Co' R DINER, n.f, [coriioumcr, French.] A
fhoemaker. It is fo ufed in divers fta-
tntcs.
CORDON, ti.f. [Fr.] In fortification, a
row of Hones jutting out before the ram-
part and the bafis of the par.ipet.

Chamhtrs.
CO'RDWAIN. n. f. {Cordovan leather,
from Cordova in Spain.] Spanifti lea-
ther.

Her ftraight legs troft bravely were embay'J
In golden buflcins of cofti) wijuixn. Fairy S^ctn.

Cordwa'iner. It./, [uncertain whether
from Cordoiran, Spanilh leather, or from
cord, of which (hoes were formerly made,
and are now ufed in the Spaniih Well
Indies. Tieojoux.] A Ihoemakcr.

CORE. 11./. [ceeur, French; tor, Latin.]

I . The heart.

Give me that man
That is not pafTion's Have, and I will wear him
In my heart's corii ay, in my heart of heart.

Shatefpiere's Uamlil,

js. The inner part of any thing.

In the fire bf the fquare Ihe raiftd- a tijwer of a
furlong high. Ralrigh's Hi/lcrye/ibityirJd.

Dig uut ciic c^-cs bcJow the furface*

Mirtinur't Hiifiaiidry.\
They wafteful eat.
Through buds and bark, into the blacken'd rore.

Thomfon.

3 . The innenpartof a fruit which contains
the kernels. .. .<; (, . : ,i i .

It if rspjrted that trees, watCfeJ pet^et'i.i'.Jy
with v/^rni water, will make a fruij with litte or
no i'sri* or flonc. Bacon.

4. .Tke. matter contained in a boil or iorc.

I.aunce the fore,
And cut the K-adj for, till the txre be found.
The fticrct vice is fed, and gathers ground.

Drydeti's Virgil,

5. It is ufbd by Bacon for a body or col-
le^ion. [from corps, French, pronounced

' core.l >. ■ .

He W.1S more doubtful of the raifing of forces
to rclift the rebels, tha.i of the refifiance itfelf ; for
that he was in a core of people whofe ufftrdlions he
fufpcfted. Bacon's Henry VII.

Coria'ceous. act/, [coriaceus, Latin.]

1 . Confifting of leather.

2. Of a fubllance rcfembling leather.

A ftron^er projeftile motion of the blood muft
.occafioQ greater fecretions and lofs of liquid parts,
and from thence perhaps fpilTitude and coriaceous
concretions. jirbulhuo: on yj/i,trals.

Coria'nder. tt. /. [coriandrum, hadni"]
A plant. !

Tile fpccies are, i . G reatcr coriander. 2. Smaller
tefticulated coriander. The firil is cultivated for
the feeds, which arc ufed in medicine : the fccond
fort is feldom found. Miller.

Ifracl called the name thereof manna ; .ind it
was, like fonaTa'rr feed, white. Exodus, xiii. 31.

CO'RINTH. n. / [from the city of that
name in Greece.] Afmall fruit, com-
monly called cur runt.

Now will the corintbs, now the rafps fupply
Delicious draughts. i'hilijK.

The chief riches of Zant ccnfiA in corinihs,
which the inhabitants have in great quantities.

Broome.

Cori'nthian Qrthr, is generally rec-
koned the fourth, but by ibme the fifth,
of the five orders of architefture ; and
is the moft noble, rich, and delicate of
them all. Vitruviiis afcribes it to Cal-
limachus, a Corinthian fcuiptor, who is
faid to have taken the hint by pafling by
the tomb of a young lady, over which a
bafket with fome of her playthings had
been placed by her nurfe, and covered
with a tile ; the whole having been
placed over a root of acanthus. As it
fprung up, the branches encompafled
the bafket ; but arriving at the tile,
bent downwards under the corners of it,
forming a kind of volute. Hence Cal-
limachus imitated the baflcet by the vafe
of his capital, the pie in ihe abasus, and

the leaves in the volute. Villalpandm
imagines the Corinthian capital to have
taken its original from an order in the
temple of Solomon, whofe leaves were
thofe of the palm-tree. The capital is
adorned with two rows of leaves, be-
tween which little ftalks arife, of which
the fixtecn volutes are formed, which
fupport the abacus. Harru,

Behind thefe ftgtires are large columns of the
Corinthian order, adorned with fruit and flbwers.

Drjdeti,

CORK, n./. [for/^*-, Lat. /(sff*, Dutch.
Hie dies, anno redeimte, ft/lus
rCorticem a/irillum pice dimo-jehit
Amphora /umum bibert in/litula

Con/uli Tullo, Hor.]

1. A glandiferous tree, in all refpeds like
the ilex, exxepting the bark, which, in
the ccrk tree, is thick, fpongy, and foft.

' MtlUr,

The cori trcegfows near tlie Pyroieit) hills, ai:d

in fevcral parts of. Ita|y, and the jio^tjt of New

England. , , .Aiorrimer,

2. The bark of the cork tree ufed for Hop-
ples, or burnt into Spaniih black. It is
taken off without injury to the tree.

3. A piece of cork cut for the flopple of
a bottle or barrel.

I.pr'ythcc take the r^ri out of thy mouth, that
I may drink thy tldintiS. Sbateff. As you like it,

hz fire, nay very lure, thy cork be gocd j
Then future ige» Inall of firggy tell,
That nymph that brew'd and [lottled ale fo well.

King.

Nor flop, for one bad cork, his butler's pay. Voj.e,

Corking-pin. n./. A pin of the largefl
fize.

When you put a clean pillow-cafe on your lady's
pillow, be fure to faften it well with three corking-
fins, that it may not fall ofiin the night.

S':ui/:'s Dire^ions to the Chainhcrmaid ,

Co'rky. adj. [from feri.] CouUllingof
cork ; refcmbling cork.

Bind fill his corky arms. Sbaitff, King Lear.
Co' R MORA NT. >i. /. [ Cormorant, Fr. from
corvus tnarinus, Latin.]

1. A bird that preys upon fi(h. It is
nearly of the bignefs of a capon, with
a wry bill and broid feet, black on his
body, but greenifh about his wings. He
is eminently greedy and rapacious.

Let fame, th.i: all hunt after in their lives.
Live regifter'd upon our brazen tombs ;
Wlien, fpite of cormorant devouring time,
Th' endeavour of this prefent breath may buy
That honour which ihall 'bate his fcythe's keen
edge. Stakeffea-e.

Thofe called birds of prey, as the eagle, hawk,
put^ck, and cormorant. Ptacham on Drawing.

Thence up he flew, and on the tree of life
Sat like a cormorant. Milan's Paradifi Loft.

Not fartVoni thence is feen a lake, the haunt
Of coots, and of the filhing eormorant. Dryd. Fat.

2. A glutton.

CORN. n,/. [copn. Sax. korn. Germ. It
is found in all the Teutonick dLilcfts ;
as, in an old Runick rhyme,
H/tgiil er kalda/}ur corna.
Hail is the coldeft grain.]
I . The feeds which grow in cars, not in
pods ; fuch as are made into bread.

Except a com of wheat fail into the ground and
die, it abideth alone. John, xii. 15,

Tiw people cry ysu mock'd them ; and, of late.
When Mta was given then gratis, you repin'd. .

Shake/ttare. .

2, Grain.

COR

COR

COR

2. Grain yet unreaped, {landing in the [
field upon its ftalk.

All the idle weeds th.it prow
In our fuAaining cornm. Shakfjpeare' t King hear.
Landing his men, he burnt the earn all there-
sboutSy which was now almoft rip«.

KnMciS tiljiory of tbt Turhs.
Still a murmur runs
Along the fofc inclining fields of urn.

Thomfr.ns Autumn.

3. Grain in the ear, yetunthre(hed.

Thou ilialt come to thy grave in a full age,
like IS a ihock. of tvrn comech in his feafnn.

Job, V. 56.
^. An excrefcence on the feet, hard and
painful ; probably ft) called from its
ihrm, though by fbme fuppofed to be
denominated from its cornmus or horny
fubltance.

Ladies, that have your feet
UnplaguM with fcriri, weMl have a bout with you.

Sbakejpeare.
The man tliat makes hl^ toe
What he his heart ibould make,

Shall of n corn cry woe.
And turn his deep to wake. Sh, King Liar,
Even in men, aches and hurts and lomi do cn-
grieve either towards rain or towards frort.

Bacon I Natural IVijiory,

The hardeft part of the corn is ufually in tiie

middle, thiafting itfelf in a nail ; whence it has

the Latin appellation of clavh. H':Jcmiin.

He firft that ufcful fccrct did explain,
That pricking cornt foretoli the gath'ring rain.

Gay*: Piijtor.ili.

It lonks as there were regular accumulations

and gatherings of humours, growing perhaps in

fjme people as r^irj. Arluthnot,

Thus Lamb, renown'd for cutting corns.
An oiTerM fee fiom Radcliff fcorns. S-wift,

Tf Corn. t/. a. [from the noun.]

1. To fait; to fprinkle with fait. The
word is fo ufed, as Skinner obfc/ves, by
the old Saxons.

2. To granulate.
Corn-field, ff.yl A field where corn is

growing.

It was a lover and his laf~.
That o'er che green com-jicld did paff.

51 it' ' A^ \su ttke it.

You may foon enjoy th-^ . o{ armies,

encampment', and ilandarJ^ c -' your bro-
ther's ctrnf.dds. Popt.

CoRN-FLAo. »./ [fDrmnd^ag.'] Aplant-
Miller enumerates eleven fpecies of
this plant, fome with red flowers, and
fome with white.
Corn-floor, n./. The floor where corn
is llored.
Thou haft loved a reward upon nay corn -jlcor,

Hof, ix. I.
GoR!»-PLOWER. ». /, [from corn and
Jhiuer.^

There be certain com-fowers, which come fel-
dom or never in other places, unlefs they be fct,

I Itnew a nobleman in England, that had the
greatcft audits ai any man in my time ; a great
graljer, a great jheep-niafter, a great limber-man,
a great culller, a great corn-n.ajiir, and a grc.-.t
ieadman. Bacon.

Corn-marigold, n.f. [from com and

marigold. '\ A flower.
Corn-mill, n.f, [corn and mill.'\ A

mill to grind corn into meal,
Save the more laborious work of beating of

hemp, by making the axle-tree of the corn-milU

longer than ordinary, and placing pins in it to railc

large hammers. Mortimer.

Corn-pipe. n.f. [from torn and /j/^.J

A pipe made by flitting the joint of a

green ftalk of corn.

Now the (liriH lOr jj-f'ipis, echoing loud to arms.
To rank and file reduce the ftraggling fwarms.

Tickil,
CoRN-ROCKET. n, f. [ from corn and

rociet.] A plant.
Corn -ROSE. n,/. A fpecies of poppy.
Corn-s.4llad. n. /? \_fiom corn anifal-
lad.] "*

Cornfallad is an herb, whofe top-leaves are a
fnllet of thcm(clvcs. Mortimer i H:ijhjnclry,

Co'rnage. n. /, [from fflr«^, Fr. cornu,
Latin.] A tenure which obliges the
landholder to give notice of an invafion
by blowing a horn.
Co'r nchandler. n.f. [corn and chand-

ler.] One that rct.^ils corn.
Co'r n c u tt e r . «. /; [from corn and cat.]
A man whofe profeflion is to extirpate
corns from the foot.

The nail was not loofe, nor did fcem to prefs

into the ficrti ; for there bad been a corncuttcr, who

had cleared it. ff^ijeman.

I have known a corncutter, viho, with a right

education, *vould have been an excellent ph)ncian.

Sfeflalor,

Co'r N EL. 1 r T T . 1

f> , > n.f. \cornus^ Lat. 1

CORNE LIAN-TREE. j •' ■• ^

The cornel-trii bcareth the fruit commonly
called theror«/ or cornelian cherry, as well from
the name of the tree, as the coinclian ftone, the
colour whereof it fomewhat reprefcnts. The wood
is very durable, and ufcful for wheel-work.

Mortimer.
Take a fcrvicc-tree, or a corneiian-tree, or an
elder-tree, which we know have fruits of harfli
and binding juice, and fet them near a vine or fig-
tree, and fee whether the grapes or figs will not be
the Iwcctcr- Bacon* t Natural Hijiory.

A huntrefs ilTuiiig from the wood,
Rccllnirg on her cornel fpear fhe flood. Drydcn,

Mean time the goddefs, in diUain, bellows
The maft and acorn, brutal food! and ftrows
The fruits of cornii, as they feaft around.

Pope's Odyffey.
On wildings and on ftrawbcrries they fed j
Cornels and bramble-beirles gave the rclt, ^

And falling acornt fumifh'd out a feaft.

Dryden's Ovid.

Corke'lian stone. See Carneli a n.

but only amongft corn ; as the Olue-bottle, a kind CO'RNEMUSE. n.f. [French. 1 A kind

of yellow maiygold, wild poppy, and furmitory.

Bacon s Natural HiJioTy.

Corn-fi&wers are of many forts ; fnme of them

flower in June and July, and others in Auguft.

The feeds Ihould be fown in March : they require

a good foil. Mortimer.

Corn-land. ».y; [cern and land.] Land
appropriated to the produaion of grain.

Pafturcs and meadows are of fuch advantage to
hulbandry, that many prefer them to comJandi.
Mortimer s Uufhandry.

Corn-master, n.f. [nir« and mnfier.]
One thai cultivates corn for falc. Not
in ufe.

of ruftick Ante
Co'rneous. adj. [orneus, Lat.] Horny;
of a fubflance refembling horn.

Such as have corneous or horny eyes, as lobfl-ers,
and crti^aceous anifflaii» are generally diir.fightcd.

Biotun.

Tfie various fubmarine (hrubs are of a corneous

or ligneous conftitution, conllfUng chicHy of a

fiSrons matter. H^codwasd.

CO'RNER. n.f. [(ornel.WeKh ; ctfrnier,

French.]
I. An angle; a place inclofcd by two

walls or liaesj.' which would intafeift

each other, if drawn beyond the point
where they meet.
. A fecret or remote place.

There's nothing I have done yet, 0' my con-

fcience,

Deferves a corner. Staiefpeare's Henry Vni»

It is better to dwell in a corner of a houfe top,

than with a brawling woman and in a wide houfe.

Provtrb:, xxv. 24.

I am perfuadcd that none of thefe things are

hidden from him ; for this thing was not done in

i corner. Ads, xxv'l. z6.

All the inhabitants, in every corBifr of the ifland,

have been abfolutely reduced under his immediate'

fubjeftion. Davix.

Thofe vices, that lurk in the fecret corners of

the foul. _ Mdifon.

3. The extremities ; the utmoft limit ::
thus every corner is the whole or ewery
part.

Ml^t I but through my prifon, once a day,
Behold this maid, all corners elfe o' th' earth
Let liberty make ufe of. Shakefpeare' s Tenpeft.

I turn'd, and tried each corner of my bed.
To find if fleep weretheve'j but flcep vfras loft.

Dryden,

Corner-stonb. n.f. [corner andy?»«f.]

The ftone that unites the two walls at'

the corner ; the principal ftone.

See you yond' coin 0' th* capitol, yond' cornft..

Jsone f Shakeffcare,

A mafon was fitting a corner-Jlone.

HowePs * 'ocal P.crejt.

Corner-teeth of a Horfe, are the fore
teeth between the middling teeth and
the tuflies ; two above and two below,
on each fide of the jaw, which ffioot
when the horfe is four years and a half
old. Farrier'' sDia.

Co'rnerwise. adv. [corner and ivife!.^
Diagonally ; with the corner in front.

Co'r NET. n.f. [VDr»«/^, French.]

1. A mufical inftrumcnt blown with the
mouth : ufed anciently in war, probably
in the cavalry.

Ifrael played before the Lord on pfalteries, and
on timbrels, and on cornets. 2 Sam. vi. 5,

Other wind inflruments require a forcible'
breath ; as trumpets, cornets, and hunters horns.

Bacon's Natural Ilijf.~ry, .
Cornets and trumpets cannot reach his car j
Under an aftor's nofe, he 's never near.

Dryden's Juvenal , ■

2. A company or troop of horfe ; perhaps
as many as had a cornet belonging to^
them. This fenfe is now difufed.

Thefe noblemen were appointed, with fome
cornets of horfe and bands of foot, to put them-
ftlves beyond the hill where the rebels were en-
camped. Bacon. -

Seventy great horfes lay dead in the field, and
one cornet was taken. Hayward.

They difrerncd a body of five cornets of harfc
very full, ftanding in very good order to receive
them. Clarendon.

. The officer that bears the ftandard of a
trcop.

. Cornet o/'a^STor/J', is the loweflpart of
his partem, that runs round the coffin,
and is diltinguiilied by the hair that
joins and covers the upper part of the
hoof. Farrier's DiSl.

A fcarf anciently worn by doilors. Diil,

Dia.

is defcribed by
Skinner to be a cap of paper, made by
retailers for fmall wares.

Cc'rnettsr,

6. A head drcfs.

7. Cornet of Paper

COR

Co'nifiTTiii. tu /. [from comet.] A
blower of the cornet.

bu great was.ilic rabble ortrumpetterSi umntn,
and olhiT muHcians, that nrcn Claudius himrdr'
nrght have heard them. ti-iknvUl ta Prtn'ifitnce.

iCo'rnice. <i./. [«rn;V^f, French.] The
highell projeftionof a wall or column.

'ihe n-nict of the Pa. CO Fatnefe, which
nuk.'S To beautiful «n cf)c£t beloW) when viewed
mo.e nearly, will be found not to hate its jud
meafutes. Drjiutt Dufrrfnoy.

The walU were mafTy bnifs, the carmct high
Blue metalt crown 'd, in colours of the Iky.

Pifis OJylfey.

Cornice Ring. [In gunnery.] The next
ring from the muzzle backwards.

Chamhers.
Co'rnicle. «./. [from «r»», Latin.] A
little horn.

Tl ere will be found, on cither fide, two b!ack

filament], or membranous ftrings, which extend

unto the long and ihorter ctrnUUf upon protrufion.

BrczvfCs Vulgar Errturt.

ConKicvLK-tt. adj. [from cornu, Lat.]
A term in botany.

Cornkulttte plants are fucb as produce many dlf-
lanCt and horned pods ; and csrnUulate flowers are
fuch hollow flowers as have on their upper part a
kind of fpur, or little horn. Chamhtn.

CoRNi'piCK. adj. [from ccrnu axiA facia ,
Lutin.] Frodudive of horns ; making
horns. Di6l.

CoRKi'cEROUs. adj. [cornigef, Latin.]
Horned ; having horns.

Nature, in other comigeroui animals, hatli placed
the hoins higher, and reclining j as in bucks.

Srcwn^s f^ulgar Errouru

CORNUCC/PIjE. «./. [Lit.] The horn
of plenty ; a horn topped with fruits
and flowers in the hands of a goddefs.

To CeRNu'TE. f. a. [cernutuj, Latin.]

To bellow horns ; to cuckold.
■Corni;'ted. «i^'. [cornufus, Lit.] Grafted
with horns ; horned ; cuckolded.

CtiRNu'ro. n.f. [from carnutus, Latin.]
A man homed ; a cuckold.

The peaking cornuto, her hulband, dwelling in a
continual larum of jcaloufy.

Shaktjbtart^ t Merry H^rvej of H^mtifor.

Co'rny. adj. [from rornu, horn, Latin.]

1. Strong or hard like horn ; horny.

Up {tood the c(/niy reed,
Embattel'd in her field. Milmn's Parad'ijt Left,

2. [from rem.] Producing grain or corn.

Tell me why the ant.
•Midft fummer's plenty, thinks of winter^ want j
By canflai>t journeys cmeful to prepare
Her ftores. and bringing home the corny car. Pricr.

3. Containing corn.

They lodge in habitations not their own, *
By their high crops and ccray gitzards known.

VrytJ^n,

Co'roll ARV. H./. [cm-ollarium, Lat. from

corolla ; jinii coronal opus : corollair, Fr.]

1. The conclufion : a corollary feems to
be a conclufion, whether following from
the premifes neceflarily or not.

Now finoc we have confidered the malignity of
this fin of detraOion, it is but a natural lorellnry,
that we enforce our vigilance againil it.

Ca'vernmeiit cf the Torgye.

As a onllary to this preface, in which 1 have

.done jufhce to others, I owe fomewhat to myfclf.

Drydint Ftilii, Preface.

2. Surplus.

Bring a uriUary^
Rather than want. Slake/feari', Teirpc/l.

CORO'NA. n. / [Latin.] A large Hat
member of the cornice, fo called becaufc

COR

it crowns the entablature and the'whole
order. It it called by workmen tht
drip. ' Chambtrs.

In a tornice the gola or cymatlum of the c?-
ma, the coping, the modillions or dentelli, make
a noble ibew by their graceful pro}e£tions.

I Sfeliaror,

Co'rokal. «. / [corona, Latin.] A
crown ; a garland.

Crown ye god Bacchus with a rerstitl.
And Hymen alio crown with wreaths of vine.

Sfenfer.

Co'ronal. adj. Belonging to the top of
the head.

A man of about forty -five years of age came to
me, with a mund tubertle between the fagittil and
ai-cnal future. fViJmar..

Co'rON ARY. adj. [coronarius, Latin.]

1. Relating to a crown; feated on the top
of the head like a crown.

The bafililk of older times was a proper kind
of ferpent, not above three palms long, as I'ome
account; and difteteoced from other Icrpents by
advancing his head, and fome white marks, or
coronary fpots, upon the crown. Broivn.

2. It is applied in anatomy to arteries;
which arc fancied to encompafs the heart
in the manner of a garland.

The fubftance o( tlie heart itfelf is moft cer-
tainly made and nouriflicd by the blood, which is
convened to it by the coronity arteries.

BentUy's Sermons.

Corona'tion. n./ [from foro/w, Latin.]

1. The aft or folemnity of crowning a
king.

Fortune fmiling at her work therein, that a
fcaffoid of execution fliould grow « fcatl'old af coro-
natm. Sidney.

Willingly I came to Denmark,
To flievf my duty in your coronation.

Shakeffieare^s Hcar.let.
A cough, Sir, which 1 caught with ringing in
the king's aS'airs upon his corcnati-jn day.

Shaiijpcare' i Henry IV.
Now emprefs f.ime had publilh'd the renown

Of Sh 'a coronation through the town.

Dryjcn's Marfl.

2. The pomp or affembly prefent at a co-
ronation.

In penfive thought recal the fancied fcene.
See coronations rile on ev'ry green. Pope.

Co'roner. n.f. [[torn corona.] An officer
whofe duty is to enquire, on the part of
the king, how any violjjnt death was oc-
cafioned ; for which purpofe a jury is
impannelled.

Go thou and feek the coroner, and let him fit
0" my uncle ; for he 's in the third degree of
drink ; he 's drowned. Sbaktfpeare.

Co'ronet. n.f. [coronetta, Ital. the di-
minutive oi corona, a crown.]

I. An infer'our crown worn by the nobi-
lity. The coronet of a duke is adorned
with ftrawberry leaves; that of a mar-
quis has leaves with pearls interpofed ;
tnat of an earl raifes the pearls above
the leaves ; that of a vilcount is fur-
rounded with only pearls ; tiiat of a ba-
ron has only four pearls.

In his livery
Walk'd crowns and coromts; realms and illands

were
As plates dropt from his pocket.

Skakeff>/art's Aiiionj and C/eofialra.
All the reft are counteffcs.

Their coronets fay fo, Shakijp. H«ry VUl.
Nor could our nobles hope their bold attempt.
Who ruin'd crownsj would cormM exemf t. Drji^

COR

Teen and dulcet, and all their fwecpiog train,
And garters, ftars, and coronets appear. PcpL

2. An ornamental head-drefs, in poetical
language.
The rcit was drawn into a coronet of gold, richly

fct with pearl. Sidiy.

Under a annel his flowing hair.
In curls, on either cheek play'd. Milton's Tar. Lofi,

Co'r po R K\..n. f. [corrupted from caporal,
French.] The lowed officer of the in-
fantry, whofe office is to place and re-
move the fentinels.

The cruel corp'ral whifper'd in my ear.
Five pounds, if rightly tipt, would fct me clear.

Gaj.

Coxvotiki. of a Ship. An officer that hath
the charge of fctting the watches and
fentries, and relieving them ; who fcea
that all the foldiers and failors keep
their arms neat and clean, and teaches
them how to ufe them. He has a mate
under him. Harris.

CO'RPORAL. adj. [corferel.Fr. corpus,
Latin.]

1. Relating to the body; belonging to
the body.

To relief of latars and weak age,
Of indigent faint fouls pall rcr^trtf/ toil,
A hundred alms-houfes right well fuppiied.

Stakefpearc's Henry V,

Render to me fome corporal fign about her.
More evident than this. Shakefpcarc's Cymbel'.ne.

That God hath been otherwil'e feen, with cor.
fora! eyes, exceedeth the fmall proportion of my
underftanding. Raleigh,

Beads enjoy greater fcnfual picafures, and feel
fewer corporal pains ; and are utter ftrangcrs to all
thofe anxious and tormenting thoughts, which per-
petually haunt and difquiet mankind. A:tcrhury.

2. Material; notfpiritual. In the prefent
langu.tge, when body is ufed philofophi-
cally in oppofuion to fpirit, the word
corporeal is ufed, as, a corporeal being ;
but other wife corporal. Corporeal is,
having a body ; corporal, relating to
the body. This dillindion feems not
ancient.

Jir'hither are they vanifh'd ?
air; and what feem'd corporal
Melted, as breath, into the wind.

Shakefpeare* s Macbeth*
And from tbefe »r/icro/ nutriments, perhaps.
Your bodies may at laft turn all to fpirit.

Milton's Paiadife Lsji.
Corpora'lity. n.f. [from corporal.]
The quality of being embodied.

If this light be not fpiritual, yet it approacheth
neareft unto fpirituality ; and if it h.rve any cor.
pirality, then, of all other, the moft fubtilt snJ
pure. Raleigh's H':Jiory»

Co'rporally. ed'v. [(com corporal.] Bo-
dily.
The fun Uctrforally conjoined with bafilifcus.

Bro".vn.

CO'RPORATE. adj. [from corpus, Lat.]

1. United in a body or community; en-
abled to aft in legal procefTes as an in-
dividual.

Breaking forth like a fudden temped, he over-
run all Munfter and Connaught, defacing and
utterly fubverting *W corporate towns thai were pot
Arongly walled. Spenjer on Jrclaiid*

The nobles of Athens being not at this tim: a
corporate atTembly, therefore the refentment of tlie
commons was ufually turned againft particular
pcrfons. Sv/ft,

2. General ; united.

They anfwer in a joint and corporate voice.
That BOW tkey ate at fall. Sbaktfpeare' s Tmon.

Co'rfo-

G O R:

COR

COR

Co'rpohateness. »./. [fmn eorprate.]
The ftate of a body corporate ; a com-
munity. Di<3.

CoRPOR a'tion. ft./, [from corpus, Lat.]
A corporation is a body politick, authorized by
the Icing's charter to hare a common leal, one
head officer or more, and members, able, by their
common confcnt, to grant or receive, in law, any
thing within the compafs of their charter : even
as one man may do by law all things, that by law
be is not forbidden j and bindeth the fucceflbrs,
as a finglc man binds his executor or heir. Coweli.
Of angels we are not to confider only what they
are, and do, in regard of their own being ; butthit
alfo which coiicemeth them, as they arc linked
into a kind o( ccrporation amongft themfelves, and
of fociety with men. Hooker,

Of this wc rind fome foot-ftcps in our law.
Which doth her root from God and nature take j

Ten thoufaiid men ihe doth together draw.
And oi them a'l one corporat'wn make. Daviti*

Co'rporature. »./. [iromcorfus, Lat.]
The ftate of being embodied. Z)/<S.

Corpo'real. adj. \_a>rporeus, Latin.]

1. Having a body ; not immaterial ; not
fpiritaah See Corporal.

The fwiftncfs of thofe circles attribute^
Though number Icls, to hi omnipotence,.
That to ctrforcal fuDitances could add
S{^ed aimoli fpirituai. Milt.rCi ParaiTtfe Lofi,

Having furveycd the image of God in the foul,
we are not to omit thofc characters that God
imprinted upon the body, as mu£h as a fpirituai
fubilaace could be pi6lured upon a cvportaL

South^i Sfrmons,

God being fuppofed to be a pure fpirit, cannot
be the objedt of any corporeal fenfe. TiHotJln,

'J'he courfe is lintih'd which thy fates decreed.
And thou from thy corporeal prifon frce4.

Dryden't Fahlei.

Fix thy corptreal and internal eye
On tlie young gnat, or new engender'd fly. Prior.
Z. It is ufed by Siwi/i inaccurately for cor-
pora/.

1 am not in a condition to make a true Rep
even on Aimlbury Dr>wns j and 1 declare, that
a corpcrtal falfe (lep is worfe than a political one.

Svjift.
Corpore'ity. »./. [from corporeus, La-
tin.] Materiality; the quality of being
embodied ; the ftate of having a body ;
bodiiinefs.

Since philofophy aflirmeth, that we are middle
fubdanccs b'. tween the foul and the body, they
muft admit of fome corporeity, which fuppofeth
weight or gravity. Brrwn.

It is the faying of divine Plato, that man is
nature's horizon, diTiding betwixt the upper he-
jsifphcre of immaterial intelle€ti> and this lower
of corporeity. GlartvilleU Scepjli.

The one attributed arfereity to Cod, and the
Other (hape and figure. Siil/irgjleet.

Corforipica'tion. »,/ [from cerpori-
/}.] The aft of giving body or palpa-
bility.
Vo Corpo'rify. v. a. [fromcorpus, Lat.]
To embody ; to infpiffate into body.'
Not ufed.

A certain fpiritnoos fubftance, exirajled out of
i^ it millaken for the fpirit «f the world corptrified,

Boyle.

Cor psE. \ "'^ {.""P'' ^^' f-"-/"'. Latin.]

1. A body.

That lewd ribiuld
Laid firft his filthy hands on virgin cleene,
To fpoil her dainty corfe, (o fair and Oieene,
Of chaftity and honour virginal. Spenfcr.

2. A body, in contempt.

Though plenteous, all too little fecnit
To ftuJT this maw, tlui vaft uohidc-boand cr,rfi.

Mi.ltn.

He lix)ks as man was made, with face erefl.
That fcorns his brittle corfs, and feems afham'd
He 's not all fpirit. Drydtni Don Hehajiian.

3. A carcafe ; a dead body ; a corfe.

Not a friend
Greet my poor corps, where my bones (hall be
thrown. Siakejpeare.

There was the murdcr'd corps in covert laid.
And violent death in thouland Ihapes difplay'd.

Dryden'i Failles.
See where the mrpt of thy dead fon approaches.

Mdijin.
The rcr^^ was laid out upon the floor by the
emperor's command : he then bid every one light
his flambeau, and Hand about the dead body.

jiddtj''ns Guiirdian.

4. The body, in oppofition to the foul.

Cold numbnel's ftreight bereaves
Her ccrps of fenfe, and th' air her foul receives.

Vcnbam.

5. A body of forces.

Co'rpulence. 7 /• r j. t ,■ r .... i
ry ' >n.J.\corpuientia,\j9X.\

Corpulency. 5 '''•/- j

1, Bulkinefs of body ; fleihinefs ; fulnefs
of fle(h.

To what a cumberfeme unwieldinefs.
And burdenous corpulence, my love had grown.

0onne.
It is but one fpccies of corpulency ; for there may
be bulk without fat, from the great quantity of
mufcular fleib, the cafe of robuH people.

Arbutbnot on Alimenli.

2. Spiflitude ; groflhefs of matter.

The mufculou^i fleih lerves for the vibration of
the tail ; the heavinefs and cerf/ulency of the water
requiring a great force to divide it.

Ray on tkt Creation.
Co'rpulent. atij. [corpulentus, Latin.]
Fleftjy ; bulky ; having great bodily
bulk.

We fay it is a flefliy ftile, when there is much
periphrafis, and circuit of -words ; and when, with
more than enough, it grows fat and corpulent.

Ben "Jonfonl Dijcvoeries.
Excefsof nouri/bment is hurtiul j for itmaicetli
the child corpulent, and growing in breadth rather
than in height. ^ Baccn.

CCRPUSCLE. «./. [corpu/cu/nm, Lat.]
A fmall body ; a particle of matter ;
an atom ; a little fragment.

It will add much to our fatisfadlion, if tbofe
ccrpuJcUi can be difcovered with raicrofcopes.

Netuton^s Of-^tich.

Who knows what are the figures of the lit.le
ctrpujckt that compofe and diftinguJIh diflfcrent bo-
dies ? fyaiii's Lcgici.

Corpu'scular. \adj. [from eerpu/.
CoRPuscuL a'ri AN. j cu/um, Lzt.^ Re-
lating to bodies ; comprifing bodies.
It is the diftinguiihing epithet of that
philofophy, which attempts the rational
folution ot all phyfical appearances by
the action of one body upon another.

As to natural philofophy, 1 do not cxpedt to fee
any principles fropofcd, more comprehcnfive and
intelligible than the corpufcularian or mechar:i. 3!.

Bojie.
This may be faid, that the modem corpuJci.!a-
riani talk, in mod things, more intelligibly than
the psripaleticks. Beniley,

The mechanical or for/lB/i-aiir philofophy, though
peradventurc the eldefl, as well as the beil in the
world, had lain dead for many ages in contempt
and oblivion, Bcr.tley.

Co'rraci. E. See Corricle.

To CoRR A'DE.ii.n. [conWe, Latin.] To
rub off; to wear away by frequent rub-
bing ; to fcrape together.

Corradi a'tion. n. f. [con and radius,
Latin.] A conjunftion of rays in one
poiat.

The impreflion of colour worketh not but bjr
a cone of direft beams, or right line?, whereof
the bafis is in the objeiS, and the vertical point
In the eye ; fo as there is a corradiation, and con-
junftion of bf.ims. Bacon's Natural Hijiory,

To CORRE'CT. -v. a. [ctrrigo, correaum,
Latin.]

1. Topunifh; tochaftife; to difcipliae.

Sad accidents, and a itateof afflidliDn.ij a fchool
of virtue; it ccrrcSh levity, and interrupts the
confidence of finning. Tav/or.

After he has once been coire^ed for a lye, 'you
muft be fure never after to pardon it in him.

Loflte on Educationm

Children being to be reftrained by the parents
only in vicious things, a look or nod only oui;ht
to corrcCI them when they do amifs.

Locke on Education.

2. To amend; to take away faults ia
writings, life, or things.

This is a defedl in the firll: make of fome men's
minds, which can fcarce ever be corrcSlcd after-
wards, either by learning or age.

Burnet's Theory, Preface,

drreffing Nature, from what aflually Are is in
individuals, to what flic ought to be, and what flie
was create,!. Dry den. .

I writ, becaufe it am»fed me ; I corrtBtd, be-
caufe it was as pleafant to me to correli as to
write. _ Pope's Preface.

The mind may cool, and be at leifure to attend
to its domcrtick concern : to confider what habit
wants to be torrefied, and what inclination to be
fubducd. Bogirt.

3. To obviate the qualities of one ingre-
dient by another, or by any method of.
preparation.

U happy mixture ! wherein things contrary do
fo qualify and correci the one the danger of the
other's excefs, that neither boldnefs can make us
prefume, as long as we are kept under with the
fenfe of our own wrctchcdnefs.; nor, while we truil
in the mercy of God through Chrift Jefus, fear be
able to tyraanize over us. Hooiter*-^

As, in habitual gout or ftone, .

The only thing that can be done,

Is to correfi your drink and diet.

And keep the Inward foe in quiet. Prior. .

In cafes of acidity, water is the proper drink :

its quality oi relaxing may be correhed by boiling

it with fjme animal fubttances ; as ivory or hartf-

horn. Arbutbnot on Aliments.

4. To remark faults*.

Corke'ct. adj. [fcrr?<f7«.f, Latin.] Revlfed^
or fiuifhed with exaftnefs ; . free from
faults.

What verfe can do, he has perform'd in this.
Which he prefumcs the moft cotrefl of his.

Uryden's Aur. Pro!.

Always ufe the moft^orrrff editions : various ;
readings will be only troublelome where the fenfe
is complete. Felion^.

Corre'ction. n.f. [fiom coma.']

1. Puniftiment ; dil'cipline ; chaftifement; .
penalty.

Wilt thou, pupil like, .
Take thy correRiiis mildly, kifs the rod ?

Shakifi>care's Rhiardil^.
An oS'.iifivc wife,
Th:it hath enrag'd him on to oft'er flrokes,
As h;: is flriking, holds his infant up.
And hangs rcfolv'd cornflion in the arm
That was uprear'd to execution. Sbak, Henry IV. .

We are all but children here under the great
mafler of the family ; and he is plcafed, by hopes
and fears, by mercies and correHions, toinftruiS us
in virtue. IVatt:.

One fault was too great lenity to her fcrvants, to
whom Are gave good counfel, bur too gentle 'Cor*
refli<in. Arb:itlmot. ..

2. Alteration to a better ftate ; the adl of ,
taking away faults; amendment.

AaoUiet fO( t,in anoUier age, may take the f:**,

libi»t)t ;

COR

Irtierty with my writings ; if, at Icaft, th.-y live long
enough to dcfervc corrf^iort, Dryjen^i I-'ah^ Trtf.

3. That which is fubftitutcj in the place
o( any thing wrong.

CorreSiiins or improvcmentJ (houM be adjainet),
by way of" note or commentary, in their prapcr
places. ff^atti,

4. Reprehenflon ; animadverfion.

They proceed with judgment and ingenuity,
cftjbliming theit affertions not only with great
folidity, but fubmitting them alfo unto the icr-
reflim of future dlfco»cry. Breiun.

5. Abatement of noxious qualities, by the
addition of fomething contrary.

To make ambitious, wholefome, do not take
A dram of country ^s dulnefs ; do not -add
Corrcdkn, but as chymills purge the bad. Dixnt.

Corre'ction BR. n.f. [from corte^ion,]
One that has been in the houfe of cor-
reftion ; a jail-bird. This feems to be
the meaning in Shake/peare.

I will have you foundly twinged for this, you

blue-bottle rogue ! you filthy famifhfd corrtSlkner !

Shatefpeari'i Ilerry IV.

Corre'ctive. a<^'. [from correS.] Hav-
ing the power to alter or obviate any
bad qualities.

Mulberries are peroral, ctniU'ive of bilious al-
kali. yi/iuihnoti

Corre'ctive. »./.

1 . That which has the power of altering
or obviating any thing amifs.

The hair, wool, feathers, and kales, which al!
animals of prey do fwallow, are a feafonabic and
BCcelTary orrtBive, to prevent their greedinefs from
filling tliemfclves with too fucculent a food.

Ray on thi Crtatka.

Humanly fpeaking, and according to the me-
■thod of the world, and the little correflhvei fupplicd
by art and difciplinc, itfeldom fails but an ill prin-
ciple has its courfci and nature makes good its
blow. Soulb's Sirmpm,

2. Limitation ; reftriflion.

There feems to be fuch an inllancc in the regi-
men which the human foul excrcifeth in rela-<
tion to the body, that, with certain ccrjt^'fves and
exceptions, may give fome kind of explication or
adumbration thereof. Halt' 1 Origin cf Mantml.

•Corre'ctly. ad-v. [from correS.] Ac-
curately ; exaftly ; without faults.

There are ladie , without knowing what tcnfes
and participles, adverbs and prcpofitions are, fpeak
as properly and as corrcBly as mod gentlemen who
have been bred up in the ordinary methods of
grammar fchools. Loike ca Eduiation*

Such lays as neither ebb nor How,
Corre£fiy cold, and regularly low.

Popii Bjpty on CrUicifm.

Co R R e'c T N E s s . «. / [ from corrcX,] Ac-
curacy ; exaftnefs ; freedom from faults.

Too much labour often takes away the fpirit
by adding to the polilhing ; fo that there remains
nothing but a dull arrt£}r,tfs, a piece without any
coofidcrable faults, but with few beauties.

DryJtn't Dvfrefnvy.

The foftnefs of the flefh, the delicacy of the

Aiapc, air, and i>ofture, and ihcnrrcflnifs of defign,

in this Aatuc, are incxprellible. Addijon on Italy.

, Late, very late, eorriBncJi grew our care,

When the tir'd nation breath'd from civil war.

Pope.

Thofe pieceshave never before been printed from

the true copies, or with any tolerable degree of <or-

riUnefi. Stvift.

Corre'ctor. It./, [frorn corred."]

I. He that amends, or altersi by punilli-

ment or animadverfion.

How many docs real urge rathel to do jullice on
fome fins, than to forbear all fin! How many
xatber to be cerreiltn than pradlifTS of religion.

COR

With all his fault*, he fer< up to be an unU'cr-

fa! reformer and toneBir ut abules, and a remover
cfgrievinccs. Stvift.

z. He that revlfes any thing to free it from
faults'; as the i-orrir^^or of the prcfs, that
amends the errours committed in print-
ing.

1 remember a perfon, who, by his ftyle and
literature, feems to have been the corridur of a
hedge prefs in Little Britain, proceeding gradually
to an author. Swift.

3. In medicine.

Such an ingredient in a compofition, as guards
againfl or abates the force of another; as the lixi-
vial falts prevent the gri-^vous vellications of rc-
finous purges, by dividing their particles, and pre-
venting their adhefion to the inteflinal membranes ;
and as fpices and carminative feeds allill the ope-
ration of fome catharticks, by diHipating wind.
In making a medicine, fuch a thing is called a
comftor, which deftroys or^diminifiies a quality
that could not otherwife be difpenfei with ; thus
turpentines are comflcri of quickfilver, by de-
fraying its fluxility, and making it capable of
mixture. ^incy.

To CO'RRELATE. <w. n. [from fanand
relatus, Latin.] To have a reciprocal
relation, as father and Ton.

Co'rrf.late. 7t./. One that Hands in
the oppofite relation.

It is one thing for a father to ceafe to be a fa-
ther, by calling off his fon ; and another for him
to ceafe to be {vf by the death of his fon t in this
the relation is at an end for want of a correlate.

South.
Corre'lative. adj. [con and rdativus,
Latin.] Having a reciprocal relation,
fo that the exiftence of one in a parti-
cular Hate depends upon the exillence
of another.

Father and fon, hu(band and wife, and fuch
other arrtlatitje terms, feem nearly to belong one
to another. South.

Giving is a relative aAion, and fo requires a
for«/tfrif ^ to anfwer it : giving, on one part, tranf-
fers no property, unlcfs there be an accepting on
the other. Scutb.

Corre'lativeness. n.f. [from correla-
ti've.'\ The ftate of being correlative.

Corre'ption. n.f. \corripk, correpium,
Latin.] Objurgation ; chiding ; repre-
henflon ; reproof.

If we mult b2 talking of other people's faults,
let it not be to defame, but to amend them, by
converting our dctraftion Into admonitio^i and fra-
ternal corrtption. Gwernmcnt of the Tongue.

To CORRESPO'ND. i/. n. [con and re-
fpondeo, Latin.]

1. To fuit ; to anfwer; to be propor-
tionale.; to be adequate to ; to be adapt-
ed to 5 to fit.

The days, if one be compared with another fuc-
ceflively throughout the year, are found not to be
equal, and will not jufily correjpcnd W\^'\ any arti-
ficial or mechanical equal meai'ures of time.

Holder on Time.

Words being but empty founds, any farther
than they are figns of our ideas, we cannot but
afleat to them, as they corrrfpond to thofe ideas we
have, but no farther than that. Loehe.

2. To keep up commerce with another by
alternate letters.

Correspo'n DENCE. !»■/. [from eorre-
Correspo'n dencv. J J'pond.'\
I. Relation; reciprocal adaptation of one
thing to another.

Between the law of their heavenly operations',
and :hc adiions of men in this our llit« of mor-
uli;y, fuch correjpondtttu there is as makcih it ex-

COR

pedient to know in fome fort the one, fur the
other's mote perfeft direflion. hi.oi.er.

Whatever we fancy, things keep their courfc ;
and their habitudes, CDrrefpi.ndenciesy and rclatiors
keep the fame to one another, Locke.

2. Intercourfe ; reciprocal intelligence.

I had difcovcrcd thofe uniawful correjpotidenciet
they had ufed, and engagements they had made to
embroil my kingdoms, f^i'g Cbarla%

Sure the villains hold a eorrefpondcnce
With the enemy, and thus they would betray us.

Derham.

It happens very oddly, that the pope and I fbould
have the fame thought much about the fame time :
my enemies will be apt to fay, that we hold a cer-
refpindence together, and aft by concert in this
matter. Addijor..

3. Friendfliip; interchange of offices or

civilities.

Let fuch military perfons be afTured, and well
reputed of, rather than faflious and popular; hold-
ing alfo good eorrefpondcnce with the other great
men in the ftate. Bacon,

Correspo'n DENT. adj. [from correfPond.]
Srftable ; adapted ; agreeable ; anfwer-
able.

V/hat good or evil is there under the fun, what
aftion eorrefpcndent or repugnant unto the law
which God hath impofed upon his creatures, but
in or upon it God doth work, according to the
law which himfelf bath eternally purpofed to keep.

Hooker.

And as five zones th* etherial regions bind,
Five correfptndent are to earth aflignM, Oryd. Ovid.

Correspo'n DENT, n.f. One with whom
intelligence or commerce is kept up by
mutual meflages or letters.

He was pleafcd to command me to fend to him,
and receive from him all his letters from and to
aM his correfpondentt at home and abroad.

Denbam's Dedtcation,
Correspo'nsive, adj. [from correj}ond.'\^
Anlwerable ; adapted to any thing.

Priam's fix gates i' th' city, with niaily liaples,
And correfponfve and fulfilling bolts,
Sperre up tile fons of Troy.

Sbakifpcare's Trcilui and Crefjida*

CO'RRIDOR. n.f. [French.]

1 . [In fortification.] The covert way lying
round the wholfe compafs of the fortifi-
cations of a place.

2, [In archiiediure.] A gallery or long ifle
round about a building, leading to fe-
veral cJiambers at a dillance from each
other, Harris.

There is fomething very noble in the amphithe-
atre, though the high wall and corridi-rs that went
round it are almaft intircly ruiilcd. Addijon on Italy.
Co'rrigible. adj. [from corrigo, Lat.f

1 . That which may be altered or amended.

2. He who is a proper objeft of puniih-
ment ; puniihable.

He wa» taken up very fliort, and adjudged corri-
gible for fuch prefumptuous language,

H.tml s Vocal Forifi.

3. Correftive ; having the power to cor-
reft. Not proper, nor ufed.

Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our
wills are gardeners ; fo that. If we will either have
it ileril with idlenefs, or manured with induftry,
the power and corrigible authority of this lies in
our will, Shakifpearc' s Othello.

CoR R I'v A L. n.f. [con and ri'vaJ.} Rival ;
competitor.

They had govcrnoure commonly out of the two
families of the Gcraldincs and Butlers, both ad.
verfarics and corrivals one agaiuft the other.

Sptnfcr on Ireland.
He, that doth redeem her thence, might wear
Without lorrivalM her dignities. Shakefp. H. IV.
CoRRl'vALRy.

COR

CoRRi'vAr.Rr. h. /. [from cim-val.]

Competition ; oppofition.
Cbrro'borant. a,/j. [from eorniorate.]

Having the power to give ftrength.

There be d:\cri forts o* bracelets fit to comfort
»he fpirits; and they be of three intentions, refri-
gerant, corrshnram, and aperient. Bacon' t Nat. Ill/l.

To CORRO'BORATE. ^v. a. [con and
ri>boro, Latin.]

1. To confirm ; to eftabli/h.

Machiavel well noteth, though in an ill-favoured
in/lance, there ib no trufting to the force of nature,
nor to the bravery of words, except it be corroborote
-bvcuUom. ^^„„,

2. To ilrengthen ; to make flrong.

To fortify imagination there be three ways ; the
authority v^he^ce the belief is derived, means to
quicken and cirnhorait the imagination, and means
to repeat it and refrefli it. Baan.

It was faid that the prince himfelf had, by the
Kvgay. of foreign courts, and obfcivation on the Jif-
J'erent natures of people, and rules of government,
much excited and awaked his fpjriu, and amia-
tarid his judgment. Wtmn.

As any limb well and duly exercifcd grows
ftronger, the nerves of the body are carrUioraitd
thereby. fy^„,^

Corroboration, n. /. [from corrobo-
rate.'] The aft of fticngtheningor con-
firming; confirmatioa by fome addi-
tional fecurity ; addition of ftrength.

The lady herlelf procured a bull, for the better

etrrtioratiim of the marriage. Bacan't llcitry VII.

Cor Ro'borative. at^'. [from corroborate.]

H.iving the power of incrcaftng ftrength.

In the cure of an ulcer, with a moift intem-
perics, as the heart is weakened by too much hu-
midity, you are to mix corrdoraikiei of an aftrin-
gent faculty j and the uiccr alfo ncquircth to be
<'"«'• tr.J.man, Surgtr}.

To CORRO'DE. -v. a. [corrodo. Latin.]
To eat away by degrees, as a men-
ftruura ; to prey upon ; to confume ; to
wear away gradually.

Statefmeii jurgc vice with vice, and irny corrode
The bad with bad, a fpidcr with a toad ;
For f™ ill thralls not them, but they tame ill,
And make her do much good againft her will.

,y^. ''?'"' '*'^' aqua-fortij currcdmg coppcrj
which IS It that gives the colour to verdigreafe, is
Ws>nt to reduce it to a green-blue folution.

_, ^ . Boyh an Cclcurs.

The nature of mankmd, left to itfcif, would
fnon have fallen into diflojution, without the in-
ceflant and cirrodtng invafions of lo long a time.

„ ., , , „ ^^''■''' "''i™ '/MankM.
Hannib.i| the Pyreneans part,
And itrepy Alps, the mounds that nature call •
^ And with cirroit'wg juices, as he went,

A paflage through the living lock he rent.

vn. .« . . . DryJcn'i ytivcnaU

^ Fiflies, Which ECithcrchew their meat, nor grind
It m their ftomachs, do, by a diflblvcnt liquor there
provided, ccrrcde and reduce it into a chylus.
_. . . R^y "<• the CreaiKti.

1 he blood turning acrimonious, corr.dri the
vcfTels, producing almoft all the difeafes of tlie
inflammatory kind. ^rbuthn.,.

5>hooM jealoufj its venom once ditVulc,
Cwrodhg cvjry thought, and blading all
Love's^paradife. 1k,mJ,n-f Sf^h^.

Cokio'dekt. er.^j. [ from corrotfe. ] Ha v -
ing the power of corroding or wafting
any thing away.
CoRROBiBi'MTy. tt./. [from corrodihle.\
'I he quality of being corrofible ; poffi-
bility to be confuiiied by a mcnftruum.
Co R R o' D I B L E . adj. [ from corrode. ] Poffi.
ble to be coiifuraed or corroded.

COR

Metal;, although ecrroJihU by Waters, yet will
not fuftcr a liquation from the powerfulleft heat
communicable unto that element.

Brc-wn's Vulgar Errcurs.

Co'rrody. n./. [from corrode, Latin.] A

defalcation from an allowance or falary,

for fome other than the original purpofe.

Belides thefe floating burgelies of the ocean,
there are certain flying citizens of the air, which
prefcribe for a corrojy therein. CarLiv.

In thofe days even noble perfons, and other
meaner men, ordered cirnJks and penfioni to their
chaplains and fervants out of churches.

j^yliffp'i Parcrg'^n.

CoRRo'siBLE. adj. [from corrode.] Poilible
to be confumed by a menllruum. This
ought to be corrodihk.

CoRRo'siBLENESs. n. J. [itom corroftble.]
SufceptibiJity of corrofion : rather cor-
rodibility. Diet.

CoRRo'sioN. »./ [ra/vWij, Latin.] The
power of eating or wearing away by
degrees,

Carrofion is a particular fpecies of dilTolution of
bodies, either by an acid or a filine meniVruum.
It is almoft wholly deligneJ for the refolution of
bodies moft ftrongly compared, as bones and me-
tals ; lo that the mcnftruums here employed
have a confiderable moment or force. Thefe li-
quors, whether acid or urinous, are nothing but
falts diflblved in a little phlegm ; therefore thefe
being folid, and' confcquently containing a confi-
derable quantity of matter, do both attraft one
another more, and are alfj more attrafted by the
particles of the body to be diflblved : fo when the
more folid bodies are put into faline menftruums,
the attraflion is ftronger than in other folutions ;
and the motion, which is always proportional to
the attraftion, is more violent : lo that we may
calily conceive, when the motion is in fuch a man-
ner increafcd, it fljould drive the falts into the
pores of tlie bodies, and open and loofen their
cohefion, though ever fo firm. xh'in.y,

A kind of poifon workcth either by ctrr-:Jim, or
by afecret malignity and enmity to nature.

Btiov'! Natural HiJIcry.
• ~\m corrojtcn and dllTolution of bodies, even toe
moft folid and durable, which is vulgarly alcribcd
to the air, is caufed merely by the aftion of water
upon them j the air being lo far from injuring and
preying upon the bodies it environs, that it con-
tributes to their fecurity and ptefcrvation.

fVoothvard.

COR

Such fpeeches favour not of God in fc!m' that
ufcth them; and unto vu-tuoudy difpofed minds
they are grievous coyrafivii. Hookfr,

Away ! though parting be a fretful corrcfive.
It IS applied to a dcathful wound. Siakeff, H.VU

Care is no cure, but rather ecrro/ve,
For things that are not to be remedied.
„ , ShaW/pean's HerryVI,

(..ORRo siVELY. ad-v. [from corrofive.]
I. Like a corrofive.

CoRRo'siVE.ai^', [from forra^ff, Latin. It
was anciently pronounced with the ac-
cent on the firft fyllable, now indiffer-
ently.]
1. Having the power of confuming or
wearing away.

Gold, after it has been divided by corrofive li-
quors into invilible parts, yet may preliaitly be pre-
cipitated, fo as Co appear again in its own form.
_, Grnu's Cofmokgia.

7 ha facred fons of vengeance, on whole courlc,
Corrofive famine waits, and kills the year.

. Thomfin't Spring.

2. Having the quality to fret or vex.

It the maintenance of ceremonies be a corrofive
to fuch as oppugn them, undoubtedly to fuch as
maintain them it can be no great pleafure, when
they behold that which they reverence is oppugned.

Hioicr,
CORRO'SIVE. n. /.

1. That which has the quality of wafting
any thing away, as the flefti of an ulcer.

He meant his corrofives to apply.
And with ftria diet tame his ftubborn malady.

F^iry S^ucen,

2. That which has the power of fretting,
or of giving pain.

At firft it tailed fomewhat corrofniely.
„,.. , , Boyle on Saltpelre,

2. With the power of corrofion,
CoRRo'siVENEss. n.f. [{tovti corro/tve.]

The quality of corroding or eating

away; acrimony.
We do infufe, to what he meant for meat,

Corrofivcntfi, or interne cold or heat. Dcnne.

Saltpetre betrays upon the tongue no heat nor

corrofivcrfi at all, butcoldnefs, mixt with a fome-

what languid rclifli retaining to bitternefs. Boyle.
C 0 R R u c A N T . adj. [ from corrugate. ]

Having the power of contrafting into

wrinkles.
To CO'RRUGATE. <v. a. [cormgo, Lat.]

To wrinkle or purfe up, as the fltin is

drawn into wrinkles by cold, or any

other caufe. %«fy.

The cramp Cometh of contraftion of finevvs : it
Cometh either by cold or drynefs ; for cold and
drynefs do both of them contraft and corrugate.

Bacon's Natural iiijlory.
Corruca'tjon. n.f. [from corrugate.'^
Contrat'tion into wrinkles.

_ The pain of the folid parts is the corrugation or
violent agitation of fibres, when the fpirits are irri.
tatcd by Iharp humours. Floyer on the Humours,

To CORRU'PT. It. a, [corrumpo, corrupt
lus, Latin.]

1. To turn from « found to a putrefcent
ftate ; to infeft.

2. To deprave ; to deftroy integrity j to
vitiate ; to bribe.

I fear leaft by any means, as the ferpent beguiled
Eve through his fubtilty, fo your minds Ihould be
corrupted hom the fimplicity that is in Chrift.

*, i CorinihianSf xi. 3.
Evil communications corrupt good manners.

I Cirinthians,xv, 33,
All that have mifcarried
By underhand, corrupted, foul injuftice.

Shakefpeare's RichardUl.

1 have heard it faid, the fitteft time to corrupt

a man's wife, is when flic 's fallen out with her

huftiand. '■ Shakcj^carc s Cotii/anut.

But ftay, I fmell a man of middle earth }
With trial fire touch me his ftnger-end ;
If he be chafte, the flame will back defcend.
And turn him to no pain j but if he ftart,
It is the flefl) of a anupted heart.

f^kdkejpeares Merry mves (fIVmlJir.
Language being the conduit whereby men con-
vey their knowledge, he that makes an ill ufe of
it, though he does not corrupt the fountains of
knowledge, which arc in things, yet he flops tha
?'?<•«• Locke.

Hear the black trumpet thro' the world pro-
claim,
That not to bf corrupted is the (liaime. P'opt,

3. To fpoil ; to do mifchief.
Ti CoRRu'pT. 'v.n. Tobcccme putrid;
to grow rotten ; to putrefy j to lofe pu-
rity.

The aptnefs or propenfion of air or wat<'r ta
corrupt or putrefy, no doubt, is to be found before
it break forth into manifeft efll<l» of difcalcs,
blafting, or the like. Ban.

CoRRu'pT. adj. [from To corrupt.]
I. Spoiled; tainted; vitiated in its qon-
lititi. I

3 H Ceaite

COR

Coarfc hoary mnuldcJ brcaJ the foldicrs thruft

. upon the points of their fpears, railing againft

FciJinand, who with fuch caruft antl pcftilcnt

biead wouU feed them. Kn}!hi.

2.,Unfound ; putrid.

As luiKitluous flrfli did rot,
Air.enJment icady iHll at hand did wait,
To pluck it out with p'ntcis fiery hot,
Thit foon ia him w js Icl't no ctrruft jot. Spcrfer.

I. Vuious ; tainted with wickedneis ;
without integrity.

Lst no ccrt'jfii commurication proceed out of
your mouth, but tlut whitli is good to the ufc of
edifjing. Efbffinni, iv. ij.

Corrupt, nrruft, and tainted in deiiic. Sbjkejf>.
Thtfe kind of knaves 1 know, which in tliis
pbinr.cfj
Harbour more craft, and more (errufter ends,
Than twenty filky ducking obfcrvants.

Hbah/feare't King I.ar.

Some, who have been cerrupl in their morals,

have yet been infinitely folicltous to liavc theit

children pioufly brought up. Siulb's Scrmtm.

CoRRu'pTER. n. / [from corrupt.] He
that taints or vitiates ; he that leffens
purity or integrity.

Away, away, ccrru/ftrj of my faith! SbaUf/j.

From the vanity of the Greeks, the arruftcis

of all truth, who without all ground of certainty

vaunt tlieir antiquity, came the errour firll of all.

Raltigb'i Hjflcry e/ibt JVoHd.

Thofe great corrupters of Chriftianity, and in-
deed of natural religion, the Jefuits. Addifon.

Co R R u P T 1 B j'l. 1 T Y . ». /. [from corrupti-
ble.] Poflibility to be corrupted.
CoRRu'pTtBLE. aiij. [from carrw//,]
I. Sufceptible of deftruftion by natural
decay, or without violence.

Our ctrruft'tbU bodies could never live the life
they fhall live, were it not that they arc joined
with his body whicli is incorruptible, and that his
is in ours as a caufc of immortality. Hc^ier.

It is i devouring corruption of the cflential mix-
ture, which, confiding chiefly of an oily moillure,
ia nrrufiHU through dlffipation.

Harvey on Conjumptions.

The fcveral parts of which the world confifts
leing in their nature rcrruftiile, it is more than
pri>b^le, that, in an infinite duration, this frame
uf things would long fince have been difl'ulved.

TllUtfon.

», Sufceptible of external depravation ;

poffib* to be tiiinted or vitiated.
CoKRti'PT! BLENEss. n./. [from corruf-

tibh."] Sufccptibility of corruption.
CoRRu'pTlBi.Y. ailv. \_iram. corriipttbh\'\

In fuch a manner as to be corrupted, or

vitiated.
It is too late ; the life of all h-s blood

Is touched corruptibly. Sbaiefpeare^s King Lear,

CoRRu'pTiON. «./. [cerruptio, Latin.]
I . The principle by which bodies tend to

the feparation of their parts,
a, Wickednefs ; perverfion of principles ;

lofs of integrity.

Precepts ot morality, bcfidcs the natural cor-
ruption of our tempers, which makes us averfc to
tbem, are fo abftradted from i-icas of fenfe, that
they feldom get an opportunity for defcriptions and
images. Mdijcn on tbe CcorgUki.

Amidft corruption, luxury, and rage,
Still leave (bme ancient virtues to our age. Pope.

3. Putrel'cence.

The wife contriver, on his end intent.
Careful this fatal enour to prevent,
And keep the waters from corrupii'.n free,
Mix'd them with fait, and fcafon'd all the fea.

BiMkmore.

4. Matter or pus in a fore.

5 . The tendency to a worXe ftate.

COR

After my death I wifli no other herald*
No other fpeaker of my living aflions.
To keep mine honour from corruption.
But fuch an hoaeft chronlckr as Griffith.

ShaKeJfcjre's HenryVWl.

i. Caufe, or means, of depravation.

The region luth by cor.queft, and corruption of
other languages, received new and diftcring names.
R'j.'eigb's Uijiory.
AU thafe four kinds of corruption are very com-
mon in their language; for which reafons the
Greek torguf is become much altered.

Breretvood on Languages .

7. [In law.] An infeftion growing to a
man attainted of felony, ortreafon, and
to his iffue ; for as he lofeth all to the
prince, or other lord of the fee, fo his
iffue cannot be heir to him, or to any
other anceilor, of whom they might have
cLiimed by him ; and if he were noble,
or a gentleman, he and his children are
made ignoble and ungentle, in' refpeft
of the father. Con/jell.

CoRRu'pTivE. fl<^'. [from corrupt.] Hav-
ing the quality of tainting or vitiating.

Carrying a fettled habitude ujito the corruptive
originals. Brcwni yulgar Errcuri.

It fliould be endued with an acid ferment, or
fome corruptive quality, for fo fpcedy a dlU'ululion
of the meat and preparation of the chyle.

Kay on tbe Creation.

CoRRu'pTLESs. «i//. [from corrupt.] In-
fufceptible of corruption ; undecaying.

All around
The borders with corrupikfs myrrh are crown'd.

Dryden.
CoRRu'pTL^-. citfv. [from corrupt.]
1 . With corruption ; with taint ; with
vice ; without integrity.

O that cllatcs, degrees, and offices.
Were not deriv'd crruptly ! that clear honour
Were purchased by the merit of the wearer. Sbak.
V/e have dealt very corruptly againll thee, and
have not kept the commandments. Nehemiab, \. 7.

z. Vitioufly ; improperly ; contrary to
purity.

We have corruptly contraQed moft names, both
of men and places. Carr.den^s Rtmaim.

Cor Ru'pT NESS. n.f. [from corrupt.] The
quality of corruption ; putrefcence ; vice.

CO'RSAIR. n. /. [French.] A pirate j
one who profeffes to fcour the fea, and
feize merchants.

Corse, n.f. [«;•//, French.]

1. A body. Not in ufe.

For lie was ftrong, and of fo mighty cerfe.
As ever wielded fpear in warlike hand. Spenfer.

2. A dead body; a carcafe : a poetical
word.

That from her body, full of filthy fin,
He reft her hateful head, without rcmorfe;
A ftream of coal-black blood forth gufiied from
her cor/e. Spenfer.

Set down the cor/e ; or, by faint Paul,
I'll make a ccrfe of him that difobcys.

Shjitfpeare's Richard l\l.
What may this mean .'
That thou, dead cor/e, again in complete ftcel
Revifit'ft thus the glimpfes of the moon.
Making night hideous ? Shakefpeare's Hamlet.

Here lay him down, my friends,
Full in my fight, that 1 m?y view at leifure
The bloody rcr/.-, and count thofe glorious wounds.

JJdifon.

Co'rselet. ». / [cor/eUt, French.] A
light armour for the forepart of the
body.

Some (hlrts of maile, fome coafs of plate put on,
Somi: dju'd a cuiiMc, lonie a eorjlei bright. Fair/'.

' COS

They lafli, they foin, theypafs, they ftrjve totorc
Their cor/lets, and their thinneil pans explore.

Drjdtn.
But heroes, who o'crcomc or die.
Have their hearts hung extremely high j
The firings of which, in battie's heat,
Againft their very cor/etett beat. Prior,

CO'RTICAL. atij. [cortex, bark, Lat.J
Barky ; belonging to the outer part ;
belonging to the rind ; outward.

Their lail extremities form a httle gland (>U
thefe little glands together make the cortical part
of thetrain), terminating in two little vcfl'ek.

Cheyne'i PHlo/ophical Principlel,

Co'rticated. at/J. [from ccrticatut, La-
tin.] Refembling the bark of a tree.

Th'S animal is a kind of lizard, a quadruped
corticated and depilous ; that is, without wool, fur,
or Jiair. Brovm.

Co'rticose. aJj. [from corticefus, Lat.]
Full of bark. DiB.

Corve'tto. n.f. The curvet.

You muft draw the horfe in his career with
his manage, and turn, doing the corvetto a.nd leap-
ing. Peacbam en Dranving,

CORU'SC.^NT. adj. [ «rir/?e, J.atin. ]

Glittering by flafhes ; flafliing.
Cori'sca'tion. «./." [ccru/catio, Latin.]
Flafti ; quick vibration of light.

We fee that lightnings and coru/catiom, which
are near at hand, yield no found.

Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.
We may learn that fulphureous lleams abound
in the bowe'.s of the earth, and ferment with mi-
nerals, and foroetimes take fire with a fuddcn co-
ru/cathn and explofion. Ntivton't Opiieks,

How beat and moillure mingle in a mafs.
Or belch in thunder, or in lightning blaze ^
Why nimble coru/catior.s ftrikc tl^e eye.
And bold tornados biufter in the ficy.

Garth's Dijpen/iitorf,
Cory'mbiated. adj. [corymLui, Latin.]
Garnifhed with branches of berries.

Dia.

Corymbi'ferous. aJj, [from corjntius
and fero, Lat.] Bearing fruit or berries
in bunches.

Coiymhifenus plants are di/tinguiflied into fuch
as have a radiate flo%ver, as the fun-flt wcr ; and
fuch as have a n.iked fiower, as the bemp-agri-
m")ny, and mugwort : to which are added (bofc
a-kin hereunto, fuch as fcabijus, ccaf.*I, tlvltir,
and the like. Quincy.

CORY'MBUS. n.f. [Larin.]

Amorgil the ancient botahilh, it was ufed to
exprcfs the bunches or cluftcrs of berries of ivy ;
amongft modern botanifts, it is ulcd for a cam-
pounded difcous flower, whofc feeds are not pap-
pous, or do not fly away in down ; fuch ar« th«
flowrrsof daifies, and common marygold. Sjiiticy,

Cosci'nom ANCY. tt. /. [from xctrxUor, a
fieve, and jiavTSM, divination.] The art
of divination by means of a fieve. A
very ancient praftice, mentioned by
Theocritus, and dill ufed in fome parts
of England, to find out perfons un-
known. Chambers,

Cose'cant. n.f. [In geometry.] The
fecant of an arch, which is the comple-
ment of another to ninety degrees.

Harris.

Co'sHEHiNC. n.f. [Irilh.]

C'/hcrings were Vifitations and progrefTcs made
by the loid and his followers among his tenants ',
wherein he did eat them (as the Knglilh proverb
is) out of houTe and home. Davits,

Co'stER. n.J', [from coufer, old French,

to few.] A botcher. Hanmer.

Uo ybu make aa alchoufe of oiy laay's hoofe,

that

COS

COS

COT

tkat ye fqaeak out your cojier catches, without any
nicigation or remorfc of voice .'

StaUJftare'i T-xdftb Night.

Co'siNE. »./. [In -eometry.] The right
fine of an arch, which is the complc- 1
ment of another to ninety degrees.

Harris.

Cosme'tick. adj. [koo'/xiitikc?.] Having
the power of improving beaoty ; beau-
tifying.

No better cofmaicks than a fevere temperance
and parity, mudefly and humility, a gracious
• temper and calmnefs of fpirit ; no true beauty
without the fign-iturc! of thefe graces in the very
countenance. Ray on ibt Criaticn.

Firit, rob'd in white, the rymph intent adores.
With head uncover'J, the rofirnuk pow'rt. Pcft.

CO'SMICAL. adj. [xoVfi©..]

1 . Relating to the world.

2. Riftng or fetting with the fun; not a-
cronycal.

The n/rrical afccnfun of a ftar we term that,
when it arifeth together with the fun, or in the
fame degree of the ediptitU wherein the fun
abideth. Brncn't Vulgar Erroun.

Co'sMiCAiLY. adv. [from co/micaL]
With the fun ; not acronycally.

From the riiing of this ftar, not ccjfmkaHy, that
is, with the fun, but heliacally, th^t is, its emer-
fion from the rays of the fun, the ancients com-
puted their canicular days. Brmvn.

CosMo'coNY. ». / [xi^iA^' and yom]
The rife or birth of the world ; the cre-
ation.

Cosmo'grapher. n./. [Koo-f^d* and y^a-
pu.] One who writes a dcfcription of
the world ; diftindl from geographer,
who defcribes the fituation of particular
countries.

The ancient cufmipafhtrt do plate the divlfion
of the call and weAern hemifpticrc, that is, the
firft term of longitude, in the Canary or Fortunate
Iflands, conceiving thefe parts the extreme^ ha-
bitations weftwatd. Bniun'i Vulgar Erroun .

Cosmocra'phical. adj. [from cofmogra-
fhy.'\ Relating to the general defcrip-
tion of the v/orld.

CoJMocR a'i-hically. adi). [from cof-
mographkal.^ In a manner relating to
the fcience by which the ftru(flure of the
world is difcovcred and defcribed.

The terrella, or fphcrlcal magnet, t'ojMi'graflii-
talhj fct out with circles of the globe.

Brvion^t Vulgar ErrBurj.

COSMO'GRAPHY. «./. [«oV^.». and
y^a^u. ] The fcience of the general
lyftem or afTeflious of the world : dif-
tii»ft from geography, which delivers
ttte tituation and boundaries of parti-
cular countries.

Here it mijhc fee the w^rld without travel ; it
Win; a klTer I'chemc of the creation, nature con-
tttCtci, a little t^'migrafhy, or map uf the uni-
Tfgie. Sautt.

Cosmopo'litan. I rt./. [»icrft'&- and tsro-
Co?Mo'poLiTB. 3 ^irn;.] A clti/.en of

tlv: world ; one who is at home ia every

place.
Co'ssF.T.fl./. A lamb brought np without

tlic dim.

l!' thou wilt bewail my wwful te'-n,
I iSall thee rive yonJ' cyjei for thy pa.n. Sftn'rr.

COST. n./. [i<j/, Dutch. As this word is
found in the remoteft Teutonick dialcfts,
even in tltc Iflandtck, it u not probably
derived to U5 from the Latin caujio ;

though it is not unlikely that the French
coujicr comes from the Latin.]

1. The price of any thing.

2. Sumptuoufiiefs ; luxury.

The city woman bears
The c'jfi of princes on unw^irthy ihoulders. Shah.
Let foreign princes vainly boaft
The rude effefts of pride and ajl
Of vafter fabricks, to which they
Contribute nothing but the pay. Waller.

3. Charge ; expence.

While he found his daughter maintained with-
out his coflf he waa content to be deaf to any noife
of infamy. Sidnty.

1 laall never hold that man my friend,
Wliofe tongue (hall alk me for one penny ct^.
To ranfom home revolted Mortimer. Shak.H.lV.

Have we eaten at all of the king's <-^? or hath
be given us any gift { i Samuel, xiz. 42.

And wilt thou, O cruel boaft !

Put poor nature to fuch ccji ?

O ! 'twill undo our common mother.

To be at charge of fuch another. Cra/haiu.

It is Grange to fee any eccldiaftical pile, not
by ecclefiadical rcfi and influence, rifing above
ground j efpecially in an age in which men's
mouthi are open againft the church, but their
hands ftut towards it. Scutb*i Sermcrs.

He whofc talc is beft, and pleafes moif,
Should win his fupper at our common ccjf.

DryiUn'j Fables,

Fourteen thoufand pounds arc paid' by Wood for
the purchafe of his patent : what were liis other
viliblc ">P't I know not ; what tus latent, is va-
rioufly conje^ured. Szvift.

4. Lois ; fine ; detriment.

What they had fondly wi/hed, proved after-
wards to their rcy?j mer true.

KrMi's II fiery rf tbe Turks.

To Cost. v. n, pret. ccft ; particip. re/?.
\cotiJier, f r.] To be bought for ; to be
had at a price.

The dagger and poifon are always in readinefs j
but to bring the aftion to extremity, and then re-
cover all, will require the ait of a writer, and rc^
'him many a pang. Dryden.

Co'&T K\.. adj. [(-«/?<!, Lat. a rib.] Belong*
ing to the ribs.

Hereby are excluded all cetaceous and cartilagi-
nous fiihes ; many peftinal, whofe ribs are it£b-
lineal ; and many r^j/, which hive their ribs em-
bowed. Brcwns Vulgar Etriujs.

Co'sTARD. n. /. [from cofier, a head ]

1. A head.

Take him over the eijlard with the belt of thy
fword. Sbaieffcarc'i Rkbard H\,

2. An apple round and bulky like the head.

Many country vicars are driven to ihifts ; and
if our greedy patrons ho!d us to fuch conditions,
they will make us turn ecjiard mongers", grafiets,
or IcU ale. Burton on Mt!ai:chdy.

CO'STIVE. adj. {conjlipatus, Lat. t6n-
/ifii.Fr.]

1 . Bound in the body ; having the ex-
cretions obftruftcd.

When the palfag; of the gait becomes obftruftcd,
the body grows njhve, and the excrements of ihf
\My white. Brt/wiu

While faftcr than hij ee/live brain indites,
Philo's quick h.and in flowing letters write;;
His cafe appetrs to me like honcft Teague's,
When he wa» run away with by his k^i. Prior,

2. Clofe ; unpermeable.

Clay in dry Icafnns is [ojltvif hardening with the
fim and wind, till unlockcU by induiUy, fo .is tu
ad.-nit of the air and heavenly influences.

Afortimer'i Hujbandry .

Co'jTivENES?. »./. [from cojii've J The
Aate of the body in which excretion is
obftruflcd.

{.Afiiv^r.ijt fiifpcrfcs maligfl putrid fumes out of
the gutt aQd mcf<:nteiy into all parts of tlic body.

occalioning head-aches, fevers, lofs of appetite, and
dii^urbancc of concof^ion. harmry.

Coftminefs has ill effeils, and is hard to be dealt
witli by phjfick ; pu-.ging medicines rather increaf-
ing than removing the evil. Lech on Educati-^ji.

Co'sTLiNEss. n.f. [from riy?/)'.] Sump-
tuoufnefs ; expeiifivenefs.

Though not with curious cofUlnrfs, yet with

cleanly fufficiency, it entertained nie, Sidney.

Nor have tiie frugaller fons of fortune any rca-

fon to objeft the cojiyirwj:^ j fince they fiet^ucntly pay

dearer for Icfs advantageous pleafures.

G lawille" s Scefjist

Co'sTLY. ad/, [from fc/?.] Sumptuous ;
expenfive ; of a high price.

C'Jily thy habit as thy pujle can buy.
But nut expreft in fancy j rich, not gaudy ;
For the apparel oft proclaims the man.

Sbakejpeares llamlst.

Leave for a while thy ccjily cuuntry-f;:at j
And, to be great indeed, forget
The naufeous pleafures of the J* eat. Drydir.

The chapel of St. Laurence will be perhaps th^
mo!i ujl/y piece of work on the earth, when com-
pleted. Addijon.

He is here fpeaking of Paradifc, which he re-
prefents as a moft charming and delightful placp ;
abounding with things not only uleful and con-
venient, but even the moit rare and valuable, the
moll coftly and defirable. IVadivard's Nat. HiJI.

Co'sTMARY. ».yr [refills, Lat.] An herb.
Co'sTREL. n./. [fuppofed to be derived

from ccjler.] A bottle. Skinner.

Cot. T At the end of the namesof places.
Cote. > come generally from the Saxon
Coat, j cor, a cottnge. Cibjhn,

COT. «. /. [cot. Sax. cii-t, Welili.] A

fmall houfe ; a cottage ; a hut ; a meaa

habitation.

What lliat ufage meant.
Which in her cot Ihc daily pradtifcd. Fairy ^..cen.

Bcfldes, his ror, his flocks, and baunds of feed.
Are now on falc ; and at our ih^ep lot now.
By rcafon of his abfcnce, there is nothing
That you will feed on. Slakcjjieare's A: ycu lihe if.

Hezekiah made himfelf iiaib for all manner of
beafls, and cui for flocks. 1 ChronicUif xxxii. 28*

A ftately temple flioots within the fiiics j
The crotchets of their est in columns rife ;
The pavement, polifli'd marble they behold ;
The gates with fculpture grac'd, the fpires and
tiles of gold. Dryd, Baucis and Philemor:.

As Jove vouchfaf'd on Ida's top, 'tis faid,
At poor I'iiilennn's cot to take a bed. I'eviiti,

Cot. n./. An abridgment of fo/f»f<7».
Cota'noent. »./ [In geometry.] The

tangent of an arch which is the comr

plejnent of another to ninety degrees.

Hitrris.
Tc Cote. v. a. This word, which 1 have

found only in Chapman, feems to fig-

nify the lame as To leave libind, Tt

overfaj's.

Words her worth had prov'd with deed*,

Had more ground bc';n allow'd the race, and c»:ci

far his fteeds. Ch.ipmani Iliads.

Cote'mpor AR Y. adj. [ctn and Umpus,

Latin.] Livit\g at the fame lime ; coe-

taneous ; contemporary.

What would not, to a rational man, coter^*.-

rary with the firil vuuc!\cr, have appearc3 prol-a-

ble, is now ufcd as crrtain, becauic levetal have

lince, from him, faid it one after another. I.o:ir.

Co'TtAND. n.f. [cot and land.] Land

appendant to a cottage.
Co'TCiUEAN. «. /. [probably from. r«-
jiiin, French.] A man who bufies him-
felf with women's all'ajrs.

Look to the bak'd nieacs, good Angelica ;
Sp;u"C not for colt. '

3 H » — — G«,

COT

■ 1 1 Co, go, you titquun, go ;

Get you to bed. Skaktjftarc'i KeiKti tnjyurirl,

A ftatdVvotnan is as ridiculous « cmnire as u
ittjunu: each of the frxcs Ihould keep «ithin its
bounds. y14Jif:r.

You liave given us a lively piSure of hufbinds
hen-pecked i but you have never touched upon one
of clia quite different charaAcr, and who goes b)
the natiK of cttjuean. Addiku-

Co'ttace. n. f. [from <•(!/.] A hut; a
mean habitation ; a cot ; a little houfe.

The fca coaft ihali be dweUijig^ and t^ttagei foi
Aepherds, and folds for flocks. ?,tpk. ii. 6.

They were right glad to take fome corner of a
poor ctttage, and there to fcrve God upon their
knees. Hukcr.

The felf-fame fun that fliines upon his court.
Hides net his vif;Agc from our cDUagtt but
- Looks on both alike. Shakejf (art's Pt^inlcr's Tali ■

Let the women of noble birth and greit fortunes
nurfe their children, look to the affairs of the
koufe, viCt poo? nttagtj, and relieve their necef-
Cties. Tayhr't Hc/y J/miitg.

It is difficult for a peafant, bred up in the ob-
fturities of a cottage, to fancy in his mind the
fplendora of a court. Seutb

Beneath our humble eettage let us halte,
And here, uncnvied, rural dainties tallt.

Pcpe'i Odyffcy.

Co'ttager. n.f. [from ro/fa^e.]
1, One who lives in a hut or cottage.

Let us from our farms
Call forth our eoltagers to arms. S'wift.

The mod ignorant In/h ccitagtr will not fell his
cow for a groat. Swift's Addr,fi to Parliament.

3. A cottager, in law, is one that lives on
the common, without paying rent, and
without any land of liis own.

The huAandmen and plowmen be but as their
work-folks and labourers j or elfc mere ecttagersj
which a«-e but houfed beggars. Baccn's Uenry\l\,

The yeomenry, or middle people, of a condition
between gentlemen and eeitagers.

Saccit's Henry Vll.

Co'ttier. n./. £from «/.] One who in-
habits a cot. DiiS.

CO'TTON. ft./, [named, according to
Skinner, from the down that adheres to
the mala cetonea, or quince, called by the
Italians cotogni ; whence coitone, Ital.

• eot/on, French.]

I . The down of the cotton-tree.

The pin ought to be as thick as a rowling-pin,
and covered with cciim, that its hardiiefs may not
le offenfive. tyifcman.

a. Cloth made of cotton.
Co'tton. n.f. A plant.

The fpccics are, i. Shrubby alton, i. The mod
excellent American cMtPii, with a greenilh ieed.
3. Annual (hrubby utiim, of the illand of Provi-
dence. 4. The tree catm. 5. Tree cef/m, with
• ■ yellow flower. The firft fort is cultivated plen-
tifully in Candia, Lemnos, Cyprus, Malta, Sicily,
and at Naples ; as alfo between Jcrufalcm and
Damafcus, from whence the cuiinn is brought an-
nually into thefe northern parts of Europe. The
tttttn is the wool which inclofes or wraps up the
feeds, and is contained in a kind of brown hulk,
or feed-velfel, growing upon this (hrub. It is from
this fort that the vaft quanticics of tclin arc taken,
which furnffli our parts of the world. The fccond
and third forts are annual : thefe are cultivated
in the Weft Indies in great plenty. But the fourth
and fifth forts grow in Egypt : thefe abide many
years, and often arrive to be trees of great magni-
«ide. Miller,

To Co'tton. 'u.n.

t. To rife with a knap.

z. To cement; to unite with: a cant
word.
A i|uarrtl will end in oo« 9f you being turned
10

c o u

ofT, in which cafe it will not b« cafy M cttttn with
another. Sv/ift,

To COUCH. T. ». [couJjer, French.]

1 . To lie down on a place of rcpofe.

If 1 court more wan\efl, you '11 caici wl:h more
men. Staitjjieere.

Doth not the gentleman
Deferve as full, as fortunate a bed.
As ever Beatrice ihall CDidch upon ? Shairffiare,
When love's fair goddefs
Coarii'(/with her hulband °ui his golden bed.

Drydcns j^rtdj.

2. To lie down on the knees, as a beaJl
to reft.

Trees bent their beads to hear him fiog his
wrongs,
Fierce tygecs ceuch'd around, and loli'd their
lawning tongues. Drydcn't yirgil.

Thefe, when death
Comes like » rufhing lion, covih like fpaniels,
With lolling tongues, and tremble at the paw.

Dryden.

3. To lie down in fecret, or in ambufh.

We '11 ciucb V th" callle-ditch, till we fee the
light of our fairies. Sbak. Merry ff^i-ves cf lyir.dfor.

The earl of Angus ccuihed in a furrow, and was
palTed over for dead, until a horfe was brouijht tjar
his efcape. Htywafd.

4. To lie in a bed, or ftratum.

Bleircdef the Lord be his land, for the dew, and
for the deep that coucbelh beneath. Diut. xxxiii. j 3.

5. To ftoop, or bend down; to lower in
fear, in pain, in refpeft.

Thefe tcuchings, and tiielc lowly curteHes,
Might ftir the blood of ordinary men.

iibakcffyeare's Julius Cajar.

IITachar is a ftrong afs dueling down between
two burdens. Ccnejis, xlix. 14-

To Couch, it, a.

1 . To repofe ; to lay on a place of repofe.

Where unbruis'd youth, with unftuft'd 'brain,
Doth toueh his limbs, there golden ilecpdoth reign.

Sbakejfeare.

2. To lay down any thing in a bed, or
ftratum.

If the weather be warm, wc immediately ctucb
malt about a foot thick ; but if a hotter feafoii
require it, we fpread it on the floor much thinner.
Mortimer's Hujhandry.
The fea and the land make one globe ; and the
waters couch ihemfelves, as clofe as may be, to the
centre of this globe, in a fpherical convexity.

Burnet's Tbeory of the Earth.

3. To bed ; to hide in another body.

It is at this day in ufe at Gaza, to cvarZr pot-
Iherds, or velfels of c-irlh, in their walls, to gather
the wind from the top, and to pafs it down in
fpouts into rooms. Bacon's Natural Hi/loiy.

4. To involve ; to include ; to comprife.

But who will call thofe noble, who deface.
By meaner adts, the glories of thcirracc ;
Whofc only title to. their fathers' fame
Is coutb'd in the dead letters of their n.ime }

Drydcn's Jtivtnjl.

That great argument for a future ftate, which
St. Paul hath couched in the words I have read to
you. jiiierkury's Sermons.

5. To include fecretly ; to hide: with
under.

The foundation of all parables, is fome analogy
or fimilitude between the topical or alluflvc part of
the parable, and the thing couched tinder it, and
intended by it. South.

There is all this, and more, that lies naturally
couched under this allegory. L'Eftrange.

The true notion of tlie inftitution being loit, the
tradition of the deluge, which was couched under
it, was thereupon at length fufpended and loft.

Wi.odioarJ^s Natural Hifiory.

6. To lay clofe to another.

And over all h braaeii fcales was arm'd.
Like plated co.it ^ ftcel, fo (ouiLedojidiXp
That nought might pierce. S^cnjer.

J. To fix the fpear in the reft, in the
pollure of attack.

The knight 'gan fairly «ai4 his fteady fpear.
And fiercely ran at him with rigorous might.

Sfenfer.
Before each van
Prick forth the aery knights, and couch their fpears.
Till thickeft legions clofe. MUion's ParadifeLcJl.

The former wav'd in air
His flaming fword ) iSneas couch'd his fpear.

Dryden's ^neii,

8. To deprefs the condenfed cr)'ftal line-
humour or film that overfpreads the
pupil of the eye. This is improperly
called couching the eye, for couching the
catccraSt : with equal impropriety they
Sometimes fpeak of couching the paticttt'

Some artift, whofe nice hand
Cmcbei the cataracts, and clears bis light.
And all at once a.flood of glorious light
Comes rulhing on his eyes. Dennis*

Whether the cataract be wafted by being fcpa-
rated from its vcfli.l., 1 have never known poli-
tively, by dilTefling one tliat had been couched.

Sbarji,

Couch, n.f. [from the verb.]

1. A feat of repofe, on which it is common
to lie down lirefled.

So Satan fell ; and ftraight a fiery globe
Of angels on full fail of wing flew nigh,
Wlio on their plumy vans receiv'd him foft
From his uncafy ilation, and upbore.
As on a floating couch, through the blithe air.

Milton's ParaJI/e Regain'd.
To loll on couches rich with citron ftcds.
And lay their guilty limbs in Tyrian beds.

Dryden s Firgil's Georgiets.

0 ye immortal pow'rs, that guard the juft.
Watch round his couch, and foftco his repofe!

Addifon's Cato.

2. Abed; a place of repofe.

Let not the royal bed of Denmark be
A couch for luxury and damned inceft.

Shakefpearc's Hamlet.
Dire was the tolling, deep the groans I defpair
Tended the fjck, bufieit from couch to couch.

Milton's Paradi/e Loft.
This gentle knight, infpir'd by jolly May,
Forfook his early couch at early day. Dryd. Fables,

3. A layer, or ftratum.

This heap is called by maltfters a eouch, or bed,
of raw malt. Mortimer's Hujhandry.

Co'ucHANT. ae(/. [couchant, French.]
Lying down ; fquatting.

if a lion were the coat of Judah, yet were it aot
probably a lion rampant, but rather couchar.t or
dormant. Br<nv»»

As a tiger, who by chance hath fpy'd.
In fome purlieu, two gentle fawns at play,
Straight couches clofe ; then rifing, changes oft
His oMchant watch. Milton's Paradife Lcfi,

CO'UCUEE. n. /. [French.] Bedtime ;
the time of vifiting late at night.

None of her fylvan lubjeela made their court;
Levees and ceuchecs pafs'd without refort. Dryden,

Co'ucHER. ;/. /. [from couch.] He that
couches or deprefles catarafts.

Co'ucHFELLOw. N./. [couch ind/el/otu.J
Bedfellow ; companion.

1 have grated upon my good friends for three re-
prieves for you, and your coiicbfellow, Nim ; or
clfc you Itad looked through the grate like a ge-
miny of baboons. Sbakrjpeare..

Co'ucHGRASs. n.f. A weed.

The coucbgrajs, for the firft year, infenfibly robi
moft plants in fandy grounds ape to graze.

Mortimer's Ha/hatidry,
COVE. n.f.

1 . A fmall creek or bay.

2. A Aiclter; a covcj-,

CO'VENANT.

C O V

CO'VENANT. n.f. [caniKtiant.'Prenck;
coifventum, Latin.]

1. Acontraft; a ftbulation.

He makes a coventm nevsr to dcrtroy
The earth again by fliKKi ; r"r let the fci
■ S'jrpafs his bounds. Milton i ParjJiJc Left.

The Englift make the occin their abode,
. Whofe readj fails with CY'ry wind on fly.
And make a cov'mmi with th' inconftant Iky.

Some men live as if thcv have made a co^cti,im
with hell : let divines, tathers, friends, fay what
they will, they ftop their car^ againft them.

L'EJIra'^ge.

2. An agreement on certain terms ; a
compact.

A ctKHnent is a mutual compaft, as we now
tonfidcr it, betwixt God and man ; confiding of
reercies, on God's part, made over to man ; and
of conditions, on man's part, required by God.

Harmar.J's PmHizalCaTKhljn:.

3. A writing containing the terms of
agreement.

I (hall but lend my.diamond till your return j
let there be ccjcxcnts drawn between vjs.

Sbakcfpiarc' s Cymbehri.

To Co'vENANT. v. n. [from the noun.]

1 , To bargain ; to iHpulate.

His lord ufed commonly fo to nvrnant with him,
which if at any time the tenant difliked, he might
freely depart at his pleafure.

Sfnfa't Stan tf Ireland.
It had been coitnanicd belvtta him and the
king of England that neither of them Ihould treat
of peace or truce with the French king.

Haywjrd :« £ diver d VI.
By word) men come to know one another's
minds ; by tbefe they crvenaat and confederate.

Scurh.

Jupiter ccviramtd with him, that it fliould be

hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or windy, as the

tenant fliould dircft. VEJirar.-^r.

2. To agree with another on certain
terms: with /or before either the price
or the thing purchafed.

Thsy crotnamtd with him for thirty pieces of
fijver. MaUktw.

Pointing to a heap of find,
Fur ev'ry grain, to live 1 vtar demand j
But, ah! unmindful of tb' cffift of time.
Forgot to cmenemtfcr youth and prime.

Cartb^i O-vid.

Covenante'e. «./ [from covenaat.] A
party to a covenant ; a ftipulator ; a
bargainer.

Both of them were refpefliye rites of their ad-
miiTion into the fcveral covenants, and the cove-
vantai become thereby entitled to the rcfpeftive
priwleget. ^I'<ff''> Porirgm.

Covena'kTER. n. f. [from co'vtiiant.']
One who takes a covenant. A word
introduced in tl>« civil wars.

The covnuint-.ri (hall h..ve no more alTurance
of inutti4 affiftance each ftonri other, after the
taking of the covenant, than they hid before.

Oxfsrd Stujont tgainft ibc CeVirmnt.

Co'vEHOWs. aJJ. [from rei'/V;.] Fraud'j-
lent; collufive ; trickiQi.

1 wifli fome mcani 'ievifcd for the rertraint of
thefe'inordinaie and ccvenovs lcaf:z of lands, boiden
in chief, for hundreds or tlioufan:: of years.

Sacon'i Ojfiic of juknatkrt.

To CCVER. 1/. a. [cowvrir, French.]
I. To overfpread any, thing with fome-
thjng elfe.

The pafturcs are doathcd with flocks, the valleys
alfo arc coverid over with corn* PJolm Ixv. 1 3.

Sea nver'd fea.
Sea without fliorc. Miltm.

The flaming mount appcar'd
In Djtlun civir'd with a cima of 6j». MiU'r:-

COY

Ob to thy fellows, bid them cover ttie table,

ferve in the meat, and we will come in to dinner.

StuUfftara's Merchant of Vemce.

2. To conceal under fomething laid over.

Nor he their outward only with the (kir.s
Of bcails, but inward nakcdnefs, much more
Opprobrious, with his robe of rijliteoufnefs
Arraying, cover'd from his father's light.. Miitcn.

Ctvtr rac, ye pines !
Ye cedars with innumeriible boughs
Hide me, that 1 may ncva- fee them more. Milt.

In life's cool vale lee my li^w fcene be laid.
Cover me, gods, v\ith Tempe's thitkeft fliade,

Cmvley.
Or lead me to fame follt.'.ry place,
Asd <9ver my retrea: from human race.

Dryder's Virgil.

3. To hide by fuperficial appearances.

4. To overwhelm ; to bury.

Raillery and wit ferve only to f«vrr nonfenfc
with fliamc, when rcafon has firft proved it to be
mere nonfenfc. Watti.

5. To conceal from notice or punilhment.

Charity fliaU c»ttjr the multitude of fins.

iP.(.r,iv. 8.
Thcu may'ft repent.
And one bad aft with many deeds well done
May'rt Ciller. MiltoB.

6. To Ihelter ; to proteft.

His calm and blamelefs life
Does with fubftantial Weffednefs abound.
And the foft wings of peace cover him round.

Cnuley.

7. To incubate ; to brood on.

Natural hi.'lorians obfenc, that only the male
birds have voices j that their fongs begin a little
before breeding time, and end a little after; that,
whilft the hen is covering her eggs, the male
generally takes his ftand upon a neighbouring
bcugh within her hearing, and by that means
amufes and diverts her with his fongs during the
whole time of her fitting. Addijimt SfeBator.

8. To copulate with a female.

9. To wear the hat, or garment of the
head, as a mark of fuperiority or inde-
pendene ■.

The king had conferred the honour of grandee
upon him, which was of no other advantage or
fignification to him, than to be covered in the
prelence of that king. Dryden.

Co'vER. n. /. [from the verb.]

1 . Any thing that is laid over another.

The fecundine is but a general cover, not fliap»d
according to the parts; the ikin is fhaped according
to the parts. Bacon.

The fountains could be ftrengthened no other
way than by making a lirong cover or arch over
them. Burnet'i Theory.

Oreftes* bulky rage,
Unfatisfied with margins dofely writ,
f oam» o'er the averi, and not finifli'd yet.

Drydt-ns Juvenal.
With your hand, or any other cover, you flop
the veffei fo as wholly to exclude the air.

Ray oil the Creation.

2. A concealment ; a fcreen ; a veil ; a
fuperficial appearance, under which
fomething is hidden.

The truth and reafon of things may be artifi-
cially and eft'edtually infinuated, under the cover
either of » real fait ot of a fuppofed one. /- Eflr.

As the fplcen has great ineonvtniencies, fo the
pretence bf it is a hanJfome cover for impe rtec-
tions. Collier on the Splein.

3. Shelter; defence from weather.- '

In the mean Ufni, by being compelled to lodge
in tlic lieU, wh^i-h grcvV now to be 'very coM,
whilft his army was under cover^ they might be
forced to retire. Chrcndon.

C0VER-SHA.ME. H./. [ctmer zni Pame.]
Some appearance uled to conceal in-
famy. '■•

C O V

Does he put on holy garments for a eover-Jhame
of IcwJnefs ? Drydens Spanifh Friar.

Co'vERiNG. n.f. [itom cover.'] Drefs j
vefture ; any thing fpread over anorher.

The women took and fpread a covering over the
well's juauth. 2 5am. xvli. 19.

Brinj feme covering for this naked foul,
, ■V^'hom I'll intreat to lead me. Skak. KingLear-

Through her flelh methinlcs is feen
The brighter foul that dwells within ;
Our eyes the fubtle covering pafs.
And lee the lily through its glafs. Conlef,

Tlicn from the floor he rais'd a royal bed,
"With cov^ringi of Sidoni an purple fpread.

Dry den' I Fables*

Sometimes Providence cafts things fo, that truth
.ind intcreft lie the fame way ; and when it is wrapt
up ill this covering, men can be content to follow
jt. South.

Co'vERLET, n. /. [cowvreliil, French.]
The outerinoft of the bedclothes ; that
under which all the reft are concealed.

Lay her in lilies and in violets.
And filkcn curtains over her difplay,
Andodour'd (heets, and Mtis coverlets, ^enftev

This done, the hoft produc'd the gcnla! bed^
Whicli with no coftly coverlet they fpread.

Dryden': Fahhs.

I was, for want of a houfe and bed, forcfd to lie

on the ground, wrapt up in my coverlet. Stvift.

Co'vERT. n.f. [from cover; cou-verf, Pf.}

1. A ftielter ; a defence.

Let mine outcalfs dwell with thee, Moab ; be
thou a covert to them from the face of the fpoiler.

IJaiah, xvi. 4..

There Ihall be a tabernacle for a ihadow in the
day-time from the heat, and for a place of refuge,
and for a coven from ftorm and rain. Jfaiah, iv. 6.

They are by fudden alarm, or watch-word, to
be called out to their military motions, under (ky
or covert, according to the feafon, as was the
Roman wont. Milton on Education.

It was the hour of night, when thus the Son
Commun'd in filent walk, then laid him dovva
Under the hofpitable covert nigh
Of trees thick interwoven. _ RTiUon.

Now have a care your carnations catch not too

much wet, therefore retire them to covert. ,

Evclyn'i KiiUndar,

2. A thicket, or hiding place.

Tow'rds him I made j but he was 'ware of mf.
And ftole into the cwcrr of the wood.

Shakefpeari't Romeo and Juiit.
I fliall be your faithful guide.
Through this gloomy covert wide. Afi4c».
Thence to the coverts, and the ccnfcious groves.
The fcenes of his pad triumphs and his loves.

Denhamr
Deep into fome thick covert wroulj I run.
Impenetrable to the ftars or fun.

Drydrn't Stae ej Inntcrnce.
The deer is k>dg'd ; I vc track'd her to her co-
vert: ■ ' , "
Be fure ye mind the word ; and when I give it,
Rufh in at once, and ftize upon your picy.

Mdifon't Calo,

Qo'vtE RT, a^. [coti'vert, French.]
1'. Sheltered ; not open ; not expofed.

You art, of either file the green, to plant 3
covat alley, upon carpenter's work, about twelve
foot in lif ight, by which you may go in fliade into
the garden. '. . . •^'"■'"'*

The fox is a bead alfo very prejudicial to the
hulbandman, efpeciJly in places tli.it are near
foreft-woods and co^-eri places. Mortm:, liujbaiiiry.

Togetlie> let us 'oeat this ample field.
Try what the open, what the rt.«ir( yield.

Fobe's EJfiyt.

2. Secret ; hidden ; private ; infidious.

And let us prtfcntly go fit in council.
How tovert mittcrs may be beil <lifclos'd,
Aiki open perils furcft anfwered.

, !>liaieJi':art'sy»li»i<i/efar,

. »1

C O V

By wlut beft vvf,
Vriiethtt of open war, or cn-rri guile,
Wc now debate. Mifcjn'i VaraJtft Ltfl-

Co'vEKT. aJj. [eeuvert, French.] The
flate of a woman (heltered by marriage
uudtr her hu{band ; as cwetT" baron,
feme crjtrt. ,

Instead ct' her being under eov<rt baron, to be
Mnict covirt tcme myfelf! to have my body dif-
abled, and my head fortified '• Dryd. Sfamplr'uir.

CovfiRT-WAV. n. /. [from covtrt and
ouiiy.]

It is, in fortificttion, a fpace of ground level
with the field, on the elge of the diah, three or
tflur fathom broad, ranging quite round the half
inaons, or otht:r works toward the cot^ntry. One
of the greatert difficulties in t fiege is to make a
lodgment on tlie c:~jtn--way, becaufe ufualljr the
belieged paltifade it along the middle, and under-
mine it on all fides. It is fometimes called the cor-
ridor, and fometimes the counterfcarp, tecaufe it
is on the edge of the fcarp. Harrit.

Co'vERTLY. adv. [from eivert.'] Se-
cretly; dofelyi in priviUc; with pri-
vacy.

Yet ftill Aragnol <fo his ht was hight)
I.ay lurking, ccvertlj him to furpiife.

' How can'ft thou crofs this marriage ?—
•-Mot honeitly, my lord j but fo ccvcitly, that
no dilhoneily mall appear in me.

Shaktffijrt' s Much aik ahfjt VitVtng.

Amongft the p ets, Pcrfius cn'cnly ftrikts at

Nero ; fome of whofe verfes he r:cites with fcorn

and indignation. Drydtn,

Co'VEJLTNEES. »./. [froiD «Wr/.] Sc-

crecy ; privacy. DUl.

Co'vERTURE. It./, [from rBwr/.]

1. Slielter ; defence; not expofure.

It may be it is rather the ihaJe, or otlier cvutr-
lure, that they take liking in, than the virtue of
the herb. Bacim'z Natural Hiftcry.

He faw their Qiame, that fought
Vain cmeriura. M:lt!!n's Paradifc Lcji.

The winds fecinj fo fierce, and fo feverc, as
BOt to fuflFcr any tiling to th'ive beyond the lieijjht
of « Oirub, in thofiiflanj!, unlefs protcfleJ by
walls, or other like aixrlurt. fVooi-wirJ.

2. [In law.] The eftate and condition
of a married woman, who, by the laws
of our realm, is in potejfate "uiri, and
therefore difahled to contraft with any,
to the prejudice of herfelf or her huf-
band, without his allowance or confir-
mation. Cciuell.

The infancy of kin^ Edward VI. and the ro-
vtrivrt of queen Mary, did, in fait, difable them
«a accompbOt the conqiKft of Ireland.

Oavus ett Jrtfaiki,

To CO'VET. f. a. [con'oaiter, French.]
I. Todefire inordinately ; todefire beyond

due bounds.

If it be a fin to eovH honour,
I am the inoft offending man alive, Stak. Hin, V.

I am yet
Unknown to viorfian ; never was forfworrTj
Scarcely have cevrlti what was mine own ;
fit ni time brokr my faitb. Sha\tff. AfMitih.

O father ! can it be, that fouls f i*lime
Rstura to vtfit our tcrr«liri«l clkne ^
And that tlie fcn'rous mind, rckas'd by d<:ath.
Can {rvrl laiy limbs and mortal breath >

Vwydin^t ^nt'ij.

Z. To defirc earneilly.

All tilings etvfimg as much ai may be to be
like onto God in being ever ; th»t which cannot
hereunto attain perfonally, doth fcfk to coat uue
itfetf »iother way, by oft>pting and propagation.

liltktr.

But i»atfear«eftly the bcil gifts, i Cn. «ii. 31.

c o u

To Co'viT. V. ti. To have a ftrong defire.

The love of money is the root of all evil, which
while fome aveieJ iiftir, they ha»e «rred from
the faith. t Tim. »i.

Co'vETABiE. /r<i''. [from cwef.] To be
wilhed for ; to be coveted. Di^I.

Co'vETlSE. a. /. [eoavoiti/e, French.]
Avarice ; covetoufnefs of money. Not
in ufe.
Mod wretched wight, whom hothing might
fuffice,
Whofi: greedy luft did lack in greateft ftore ;
Whofc need had end, but no end coveii/e. Fairy ^

Co'vETous. aiij. [co/niciteux, French.] ,_
J . Inordinately defirous ; eager.

While cumber'dwith my dropping cloaths I lay.
The cruel nation, ecvrtait of prey,
Stain'd with my blood th' unhof|,. -ble coaft.

Dryden'i JEndi.

I. Inordinately eager of money ; avari-
cious.

Ail heart they haw extrcifed with eayetcut prac-
tices. * f""'! "'• '4-

What lie cannot help in his nature, you muft
not account a vice in him : you muft in no ways
fay he is ri-vttous. Sbahcjpcare.

Let never fo much probability hang^on one fide
of a ewcltus man's rcifoning, and money on tlic
other, it is eafy to forefce which will outweigh.

3. Defirous; eager: in a good fenfe.

Sheba vyas never
More tn'itous of wifdom and fair virtue.
Than this fair foul (hall ix. Sbukeffi. Ilcitry VIII.
He that is envious or angry at a virtue that is
not his own, at the perfection or excellency of bis
neighbour, is not covetom of the virtue, but of its
reward and reputation ; and then his intentions air
polluted. Taylor' i Rule of Living Ihly.

Co'vETOtTsL Y. W-u. [ffom fe^t/w.] A-
varicioully ; eagerly.

If he care not for "t, he will fiipply us eafily ; if
\it cswtiujly referve it, how fliall 's get it ?

Shalicfpeart.

Co'vETOusNEss. »./. [from covetous.']

1. Avarice; inordinate defire of money ;
eagernefs of gain.

He that takes pains to ferve the ends of eovetcuf-
tiffs, or mihifters to another's luit, or keeps a (hop
of impurities or intemperance, is idle in the worfl
fcnfc. Tayltr's Holy Limri^.

Cmil^ufntfs dcbafcth a man's fpirit, and finks it
into the earth. TUlcrfcn.

2. Eagernefs ; defire : in a neutral fenfe.

When workmen drive to do better than well.
They do confound their (kill in ecvtloufneff.

Shakefptan^s King y<ihn.

Co'vEY. «•/ [nuvis, French.]

1. A hatch; an old bird with her ynung
ones.

2. A number of birds together.

A flight of wafps and covey of partridges went
to a farmer, and begged a fup of him to iioench
their thirft. VEflrar.ge.

A tovey of partridges fpringing in eur front, put
our infantry in difmtrr. AMijt,ns f'rcitcUtr.

There w;)i«ld be no walking in a Ihady wood,
without fpringing a tavey of toafts.

AiMan'i Guartlian.

COUGH, ft./, [hub, Dutch.] A convul-
fion of the lung«, vellic.ited by fome
(harp fcrolity. It is pronounced csj'.

Ill C-'iifu.nptiii'5 of the lungs, when natuic can-
not expel the cM/h, men fall into fluxes of th>-
beJly, and then they die. BMini Natural Hijlury.

For his dear fike Ion,; reO.lefir nights you bore.
While rattling ccughi lis heaving vefiels tore.

Smth.

To Couch. i>. n. [iucie/i, Dutch.] To
h»ife the lungs convulted ; to make a

c o u

Hoife in endeavouring to evacaate the
peccant matter from the lungs.

Thou didit drink
The ftalc of borfei, and the gilded puddle
Which beatU would cngh at.

Sitkeffearr' I Ailxiy and Cleofatrel,
Thou haft quarrelled with a man for caighirg
in the ftrcct, bccaufe he hath wakened thy dog
tliat hath lain aflccp in the fun.

Sbakrjfeare'i Rimec and Juliet.

The firft problem enquireth why a roan doth

ceugt, but not an ox or cow ; whereas the contrary

is often oblerved. Brcnvn.

If any humour be difcharged upon the lungs,

they have a faculty of calling it up by coughing.

Ray on the Creation.
I cudgb like Horace, and tho' lean, am fltart^

Pope't Efifltn,

7ff Couch, -u. a. To ejeft by a cough ;
to expeftorate.

If the matter be to be difcharged by cxpeflora-
tion, it muft fird pafs int> the fuWlancc of the
lungs i then into the afpera artcria, or weafand )
and from thence lie C}ugkcd up, and fpit out by
the mouth. IViJrman^l Surgery,

Co'uGHiR. »./ [from fsa^*.] Onethat
coughs. Dm.

Co'viN. ")»./. A deceitful agreement

Co'viNE. J between two or more, to tlie
hurt of another. Ccwdl.

Co'viNC. n./. [from cei't.l A term in
building, uiedof houfes thatprojed over
the ground-plct, and the turned pro-
jefture arched with timber, lathed and
plaftered. Harris.

Could, [the imperfeft preterite of can.
SeeCAK.] Was able to ; had power to.

And if I ha\e djne well, and as is fitting the
ftory, it is that which I defired J but if flenderly
and meanly, it is that which I isuli! attain untu.
1 Mac. XV. 38.
What if he c^id not all the ill he cmM f
Am I oblig'd by that t' afiiit hit rapines.
And to maintain his murders ^

VryJeni Sfenhh Friar.
Co'uLTER. tt. /. [culler, Latin.] The
fharp iron of the plough, which cuts the
earth perpendicular to the (hare.

The liraelites went down to iharpcn every man
his (hare, ^nd his (0;</ti'r, and his ax, and his mat-
tuck. I Samuel, xiii. 20.

Literature ia ttie'giandftone to Jharpcn the csul-
icrt, to whet tiieir natural faculties.

Hanmor.d on FunitamentaU.

Theplough for fil^ clays is long and broad ; and
the ctjilttr long, and very little bending, with a
very large wing. Mortimer.

CO'UNCIL. »./. ^concilium, Latin.]

1 . An alTembly of perfons met together in
confultation.

The chief priells, and all the eounci/, fought falfe
witnefs. Matthew, xxvi. 59.

The Stygian coun.U thus dirtblv'd ; and fortii
In order came the grand infernal peers. Atillcn.

In hifturics compofcd by politicians, they are
for drawing up a perpetual fchemc of eaufes and
events, and prefcrving a comtant correfpondcncc
between the camp and the auneil table.

Mdijtn's Sfeftattr..

2. Aft of publick deliberation.

The fceptcr'd heralds call
To ccuncil in tho city gates ■. anon
Grey-headed men and grave, with warriors m'x'd,
AtTenble, ,ind harangues arc htard. Miiim.

3. An aftimbly of (hvines to deliberate
upon religion.

Some boriow all {heir religion from the fathers
of the ChrilKan church, or from their fynods or
ceuiuih. ff'atti.

4. I'erfons called together to be confulted

Ion any occaiion, or to give advice.
They

c o u

TJity being thus afTsmblcd, arf more properly a
rcuncil 10 the king, the great council of the king-
dom, to advife his inajcfty in thofe thing- of
weight and dilliculf . walub concern both the king
and people, than a court. Baar'! Adv. ti VillUrs-

5. The body of privy coanfellors.

Without the knowledge
Either of king or aur.cil, you made bold
To carry into Flanders the grc:it feal.

Sbaiefffure-i Henry VIII.

CoOHCit-BOARD. tt. /. [council and
taarcf.] Council-table ; table where
matters of Hate are deliberated.

He hath commanded.
To-morrow morning to the counc'tl-hoard
He be convened. Stuhffcare's Hetiry VIII.

When ihip-money was tranlafied at the cour.cit-
hcarJ, they looked upon it as a work of that power
they were obligtd to trufl. Clartndin.

And Pallas, if (he broke the laws,

Mul"^ yield her foe the ftrongcr caufe ;

A Ihame to one fo much ador'd

For uifdom at Jove's covncil-hoard, Sicift.

CO'UNSEL. «./. [coxJlUum, Latin.]
-I. Advice; direftion.

Tl.^rc is as much difference between the counffl
that a friend giveth, and that a man giveth him-
felf, as there is between the ntmfel of a friend ana
of a flatterer. Bacon.

The beft emrtfil he couU give him was, to go to
his parliament. C/artaJcn.

Bereave me not,
Whereon I live, thy gentle looks, thy aid.
Thy coujffclf in this utceimoft dirtrefs. Miifoti.

2. Confultaticn ; interchange of opinions.

1 hold as little counfei with weak fear
As you, or any Scot rhat lives. Shah. Benry I V.

3. Deliberation; examination of confe-
quences.

They all confefs, therefore, in the working of
that firft caufe, that cminftl is ufed, reafon fol-
lowed, and a Wiy obferved. hosier.

4. Prudence ; art ; machination.

O how comeiy is the wlfdom of old racp, and
undcrflanding and counfei to men cf honour.

Ecclus. XXV. 5.

There is no wifdom, nor underllanding, ncr
counfelj againll the Lord. Pr:v. xxi. 30.

5. Secrecy ; the fecrets entrulied in con-
fulting.

Theplayen cannot kccpc«i</</; they'll tell all.
■ Sbakejpeare.

6. Scheme; purpose; defign. Notiri ufe.

The ciunfcl of the Lcrd (l.indcth for ever, the
thoughts of his heart to all gencrationT*.

Pjtlm xxxiii. II.
O Cod, from whom *ll holy defircr, all good
counjilsy and all jufl works do proceed.

Cojrmcn Pra\'er.

7. Thofe that plead a canfe ; the coan-
fellors. This feems only an abbreviature
ufual in converfation.

Vour hand, a covenant ; we will have thefc
things fct down by lawful caunfti. Shak, Cymheilne.
For the advocates and ccunfti that plead, pa-
tience and gravity of -learning is an efl'cntial part
ofjufiicc; and an ovrrfpeaking judge is no we'J-
tuncd cymbal. Bacon,

What fays mycounft/ learned in the law ? Pifi.
TtfCo'oNSEL. 1'. a. [ccnjiltor, Latin.]
I. To give advice or ccunfel toanyperfon.
But Uy, Lucrtta, now we are alone.
Would' rt thou then counfei me to fall in love ?

Sk^ii/^cart,
Truth Ihall nurfe her ;
Holy anil heav'niy thoughts rti!l aunfel her.

Staieff^art; Henry VIU.

There is danger of being unfaithfully counfclUJ,

and more for the r-ood of them that sounfel th m for

hioi that in counjellid, Baait.

Ill fortune nccr crufhitd that man whom good

fortune decen'td not ; 1 thcicf«re have (tuifciUd

c o u

my friends rerer to trull to her fairer fide, though
flic feemed to make peace with them.

Ben jfonfoni DifcO'.eriet.
He fupports my poverty with his wealth, and 1
counfei and inflruQ him with my learning and ex-
perience. Teyhr.

z. To advife any thing.

The left had been our (hame.
The lefs his counfeWd crime which brands the
Grecian name. Dryden't f^'klcs.

Go'uNSELLABLE. aiij. [ from coun/tLI
Willing to receive and follow the advice
or opinions of others.

Very few van of io great parts were more cour-
fellaUe than he ; fo that he would feldom be in
danger of great errours, if he would communicate
his own thoughts to difquifition. Clarendon.

Co'uNSELLOR. n.f. [fiom cDun/el. This

ftiould rather be written coun/eller ."]
1. One that gives advice.

His mother was liis counfellor to do wickedly.

%Chron. xxii. 3.

She would be a counfellor of good things, and a

tomfort in cares. H^ifJom, viii. 9.

Death of thy foul ! Thofe linen cheeks of ihine

Are courfelhis to fear. Stoieffearc't Macbeth.

z. Coitfidant ; boibm friend.

In fuch green palaces the firft kings rcign'd, '
Slept in their fhades, and angels entcrtain'd \
With fuch old covnfelhri they did advife,
And b\ frcquentinK facred groves grew wife.

WJler.

3. One whofe province is to deliberate and
advife upon publick aiTair."^.

-Vou are a ccunftllorf
And by that virtue no man date accufe you.

Shaicfpcare'tUesryVin.
Of counfello-t there are two loits: the firft,
conjSiarii nali, as I may term them ; fuch are the
prince of Wiles, and others of the king's fons :
but the ordinary fnrt of coi/nfellors are fuch as the
king, out of a dae confideration of their worth
and abilities, and withal of their 'fidelity to hit
pcrfon and to his cr<jwn, callcth tn be of council
with him, in his ordinary government.

Bticons Adflcc to VUlieri.

4. One that is confultcd in a cafe of law ;
a lawyer.

A ctur.fcllor bred up in the knowledge of the
municipal and ftatute laws, may honeftly inform a
juft prince how far his prerogative extends.

Drydent "Juvenjlf Dedication.
Co'lTNSELLORSHir. ti. /. [from counfel-
lor.] The office or poft of a privy coun-
fellor.

Of the great offices and officers of the king-
dom, the moft part are fuch as cannot well be
fevered from the counfellor fhip.

Bacon's AJi'ice to t'llliert.
To COUNT, t/. a. [compter, fx. cemjiu-
tare, Latin.]

1. To number; to tell.

Here thro" this grate I can count every ore.
And view the Frencnmen. Shakefpeare'i Henry VI.
The vicious count their years; virtuovis, their
afls. ycbnfon.

For the preferments of the world, he that wuuld
reckon up all the accidents that tbcy depend upon,
may as well undertake to count the lands, or to fum
up infinity. South.

When men in ficknefs lingering lie,
1 hey count the tedious hours by months and years.

Dry den.
Afgos now rejoice, for Thebes liea low ;
Thy llaughtcr'd fons now fmile, and think they

won,
When they can count more Theban ghofts than
theirs. DrydcK.

2. To prefcrve a reckoning.

Some people in America counted their years by
the conung of certain birds amon^it them at their
certain fcaf ms, a.id Icavirjj them at others, Locke.

c o u

3. To reckon ; to place to an account.

He believed in the Lord, and he courted, it to
him tor righccoufnefs. Ccncfisf xv. 6.

Not barely the plowman ''s pains Js to be counuj
into the vbrcad we eat ; the labjur ot thofe who-
broke the oxen, muft all be charged on the ac-
count of Jab )ur. Lochc,

4. -To efteem ; to account ; to reckon ;
to confider as having a certain charac-
ter, whether good or evil.

When once it comprehended any thing above
this, as the differences of time, affirmations, nega-
tions, and contradictions in fpeech, we then court: it
to have fome ufe of natural realbn. Hooker,

Count not .thine handmaid .for- a daughter of
Belial. I Sam, u

Nor fhall I count it heinous to enjoy
The publiclc marks of honour and reward
Conferr'd upon me»- .Alilton'i AgorA^.a^

Vou wjuld not wifh to count this m^ti a iot 1
In frlendlhip, and in hatred, obilinate.

ThiHpiU Britom,

5. To impute to ; to charge to.

All th* impoiTi bill ties, which p^ets
Count to extravagance of loofc dcfcription,
Shall fooner be. Reiuc's Amhitious Stepmother*

To Count. «z;. ff. To found an account or
fcheme : with upon,

I think it a great errour to ft«n?r/^c» the genius
of a natiuii, as a llandiag argument 111 all ages*

Siviff*
Count, n.'f, [comfte, French; com^uiusa

Laiin.]
J. Number.

That wc up to your palace*; may mount,-
Of biclTcd faints for to incrcafe the count,

Spenjer\ E^ithaU

z. Reckoning ; number fammed.

By my count,
I was your mother much upon thefc years. Shak*

ijince I faw you laft,
There is a change upon you.——"

•~- Well, I know not

What cQunti hard fortune cafts upon my face.

Sbakefpfarg,

Count, n. /. [comte, Fr. row^j, Latin.]
A title of foreign nobility, fuppofed
equivalent to an earl.
Co'uNTABLE. acfj . [ffom count.l That
which may be numbered.

The evils which jou dcllre to be recounted are
very iTrany, arui ulni -iJ <<.ur.f^h'c with thjfc which
were hidden in the b:;(kct of Vandora.

Sffcnj'er^s JreUrd,

COUNTENANCE. «. / [ccnUnance,
French.]

1 . The form of the face ; the fy ftem of the
features.

2. Air ; look.

A made ccuntenajuc about her mouth, between
fiiiipcring and imiling \ her head, bowed fomewh.it
down, feemed to langt-ilfi withovci-muchidlcnfls-

Sidncy*

Well, Sufluik, yet thou fhalt not fee me blulh,
Nor change my countenjncc for this arrcit ;
A heart anfpotted is not callly daunted*

hhakefpcarii Henry VJ,

S J fpakc our fire, and by his £ount'' nance rem'd
E.itcring on ftudiou? thoughts r^ilrufc. Mi'tct,

To whom, with tount^nur.iC calm, and Ami f-'djtc,
Thus Turnus. Diyd^n'xj^./uid,

3. Calmnefs of look ; compofure of face.

l;ht (.iiU'd fcvcrcj nor With a troubled look.
Or tr-^mbling hand, the fun'ral rrel'rnt took j
Ev'n kept her ccunt^nancct whrn the lid lemov'd
Dilcloi'd the heart unfortunately lovM.

Mryde'i's Fjbkt*

The two great maxims of any great man at

court arc, always to keep his ccuntenar.cti and nc v?r

to keep hia wurd. S-.i'/t,

4. ConiidciKe

c o u

4. Confi|lence oF mien ; afpeft of a/Tur-
ance : it is commonly uied in thcfe
phrafes, in countenance, ana tut tf coun-
tenance.

The night beginning to perfu3dc fome retiring
place, the gentlewoman, even mt of cautiinancc be-
fore (he began her fpcech, invited me to lodge tliat
night with her father. Sidney.

We will not make y oat cdrniteitanei to fall by the
«nfwer ye fliall receive. Barm': Nnu Ailar.iii.

Their beft friends were cut of ci>urier,anii, bccauft;
they found that the imputations, whicli their ine-
tnies had laid upon them, were well grounded.

Clcrttid'in.

Yoor examples will meet it at every turn, and
put it Mt of countir.ance in every place ; even in
private comers it will foon lofe confidence.

Sfratfs Serjnoni,

If the outward profefiion of religion and virtue
were once in praflicc and coummance at court, a
good treatment of the clergy would be the neccf-
firy confequence. Sieifi.

If thofe preachers would look aboat, the}' would
find one part of tlieir congregation oui of counie-
nanct, and the otlier afleep. . S-!uifi.

It is a kind of ill manners to ofter objedlions to
a fine woman, and a man would be cut of iounu-
rtance that Aiould gain the I'upcriority in fuch a
conteft : a coqocttc logician may be rallied, bu>
not contiadided. Mdijini FrtthiliUr.

It puts the learned in coumtnanccy and gives
them a place among the faOiionable part of man-
kind. _ AJdifin't Fmbotder.

5. Kindnefs or ill-will, as it appears upon
the face.

Vet the ftout fairy, 'mongft the middeft crowd.
Thought all their glory vain in knightly view.
And thatgre.it princels too, exceeding proud.
That to flrange knight no better countenance al-
low'd. Sfenfer.

6. Patronage ; appearance of favour ; ap-
pearance on any fide ; fupport.

The church of Chrift, which held that profefiion
which had not the publick allowance and counte-
fia«« of authority, could not ufe the excrcilc of
the Chriftian religion but in private. Hooker.

His majefty maintained an army here, to give
ftrcngth and countenance to the civil magiftratc.

Davies on JreUnd.
, Now then we 'II ufe

•His countenance for the battle ; which being done.
Let her who would be rid of hir.i devife
His fpeedy taking off. Stak^ffcre's King Lear.
_ This is the magiftrate's peculiar province, to
give countenance to piety and virtue, and to icbukc
vice and profancnefs. Ailcrbury.

7. Superficial appearance ; fliow ; refem-
blance.

The election being done, he made countenance of
great difcontent thereat. Ajcham's Schoolmafter.

Oh, you bleflcd minifters above !
Keep me in patience, and with ripcn'd time
Unfold the evil, which is here wrapt up
In countenance. Shalteffeare'i Meajurefor Miafure,

Bianca's love
Made me exchange my ftatc with Tranio,
While he did bear my countaiauce in the town.

Sbakeffeare.

7« Co'uNTENANCE. V. a. [from the
■oun.]

1. To fupport ; topatronife ; to vindicate.

Neither /halt thou counicname a poor man in his
c»ak. Excdus.

This conceit, though countenanced by learned
men, is not made out cither by experience or rea-
fcn. _ Brciun.

This national fault, of being fo very talkative,
looks natural and graceful in one tJiat h.is gny
hairi to countenance it. Adjifon.

2, To make a fhow of.

Each to thefc ladies love did countenance.
And to his miftrcfs each himfcif ftrovc to advance.

Sfenfer.

CO tj

3 . To aft fuitably to any tiling ; to keep
up any appearance.

Malcolm ! Banqu") t
As from your graves rife un, and walk like fprites.
To t'ovnterantc this horrour. Shjkeff. Macbeth.

4. To encourage ; to appear in defence.

At the firll defcent on tliore he was not immured
with ^ wooden vefiel, but he Hi ^ountcnjnct the
landing in his long-boat. Wotton.

Co'uNTENANCER. «. /. [froffl counte-
nance ■'[ One that countenances or fup-
ports another.
Co'uNTER. ff./ [from <■«!««/.]
I.. A falfe piece ef i&oney i;^e4 as a means
of reckoning.

Will jou with rati^iT fum

The valt proportion of his infinite ? Sbaieffrare.

Though thei'e half-pence are to be received as

money in the Exchequer, yet in tiaJe they arc no

better thin counHrs. Suift'i Cinjid. oa Wood's Coin.

2. Money, in contempt.

When Marcus Brutus grows. fo covetous.
To lock fuch rafcal csurteri from his frierids,
Be ready, gods I with alt your thunder-bo^ts
U.ilh him to pieces. Sbakcjpvarc'i yul]ut Cafat*^

3. The table on which goods are viewed,
and money told, in a lliop.

A fine gaudy minx, that robs aat countert every
night j and then goes out, and fpcnds it upon our
cuckold-makers. Dryden.

In half-whipt muHin needles ufelefs lie.
And ibutUecocks acrofs the counter Ry.

Gay'iTriv'ia.
Sometimes you would fee him behind HJ^eaumer
felling broadcloth, fometimcs mcafuring linen.

A)-buibnot.
\V'hcther thy counter fliine with fums untold.
And thy wide-grafping hand grows black with
gold. Swift.

4. Counter c/'"^ //i;r/<, is that part of a
horfe's fore-hand that lies between the
(houlder and under the neck. Far. Diil.

Co'u N T E R . adv. [con/re, Fr. contra, Lat.]

1. Contrary to; in oppofition to: it is
commonly ufed with the verb run, per-
haps by a metaphor from the old tour-
naments.

Shall we ereft two wills in Cod's, and make the
will of his purpofe and intention ruti aur.ier to the
will of his approbation? S:utb.

The profit oi the merchant, and the gain of the
kingdom, are fo far from being always parallels,
that frequently they run counter one to the other.

Child on Trade.

He thinks it brave, at his firfi fetting out, to
fignalize himfeU in tunning counter to all the rules
of virtue. Locke.

2. The wrong way ; contrarily to the right
courie.

How cheerfully on the falfe trail tbey cry.
Oh, tJiis is counter, you falfe Danilh dogs!

Sbakeffearo'i llamlct.

3. Contrary ways.

A man, whom I cannot deny, may oblige me to
ufe perfuafions to anethcr, which, at the fame
time I am fpeaking, I may wiili may not prevail
on him ; in this cafa, it is plain, the will and the
defirc run counter. Locke,

4. The face, in oppofition to the back.
Not in ufe.

They hit une another with darts, as the other do
with their hands, which they never throw counter,
but at the back of the flyer. Sandys s 'J.-urnal.

5. This word is often found in compofi-
tion, and may be placed before either
nouns or verbs ufed in a fenfe of oppofi-
tion.

1'hat delign was no fooner known, but others
of an oppofitc party were appointed to let a counter.
petition on foot. Cla'cnditi.

c o u

To Countera'ct. "v. a. [counter and
a^}.] To hinder any thing from its effeft
by contrary agency.

In this cafe we can find no priitciple within him
Urong enough 10 counteraU that piinciplc, and to
relieve him. South.

To CountErba'lance. v. a. [counter
and balance. "l To weigh againft ; to aft
againft with an oppofite weight.

There was lb much air drawn out of the vefl'cl,
that the remaining air was not able to counterba-
lance the mercurial cylinder. Hoyle.

Few of Adam's children are not'bom with feme
bias, which it is the hufincfs of education either to
take off, or counterbalance. Lock**

Counterba'lance. n. f, [from the
verb. ] Oppofite weight ; equivalent
power.

But peaceful kings, o'er martial people fet.
Each other's poife and counterbalance arc.

Dryden's An. Mirah,

Money is the counterbalanei 10 all other things
purchofcable by it, and lying, as it were, in the
oppofite fcale of commerce. Locke.

To Counterbu'fp. v. a. [from counter
and buff.] To impel in a direftion op-
pofite to the former impulfe ; to ftrika
back.

The giddy (hip, betwixt the winds and tides
f orc'd back and forwards, in a circle rides,
Stunn'd with the different blows j then /booti

amain.
Till counterbuff'd fhe flops, and deeps again.

, Diyden.

CouNTERBU FF. w. /. [counfer And buff.]
A blow in a contrary diredlion ; a ftroke
that produces a recoil.

He at the fecond gave him fuch a counterbuf,
that, bccaule Fhalantus was not to be driven from
the laddie, the faddlc with broken girths was driven
from the horfe. Sidney,

Go, captain Stub, lead on, and fhow
What houfc you come trt, by the blow
You give Sir Quintin, and the cuf}'
You 'Icape o' th' fandbags couniabuff. Benjonfon.
Co'untercaster. n. /. [from counter^
for a falfe piece of money, and ca/ier.]
A word of contempt for an arithmeti-
cian ; a book-keeper i a cafter of ac-
counts ; a reckoner.

I, of whom his eyes had fecn the proof
At Rhodes, at Cyprus, muft be let and calm'd
By debtor and creditor, this countcrcafter.

Staielpcare's Othello.

Co'unterchance. ;;.y: [counter and
change.] Exchange; reciprocation.

She, like harmlcfs lightning, throws her eye
On him, her brothers, mc, her malUr, hittliig
Eich objcfl with 3 joy. The counicrchjngi
Is fcvVaily in all. Shakcfpcare's Cyn:beline.

'To Co'unterchance. v. a. To give
and receive.

Countercha'r.m. n. /. [counter and
charm.] That by which a charm is
diflblved ; that which has the power of
deftroying the efiefts of a charm.

Now touch'd by countcrcbarmj they change agtin.
And ftand nvijefiick, and rccall'd to men,

■fo Co u N T E R c H A R M . v./z. [from Counter

and charm.] To deftroy the eifed of an

enchantment.
Like a fpell it was to keep us invvlnci-aUc, and

fo ciuntircbarm all our crimes, that they Jhould

only be aftive to ple:ife, not hurt us.

, Decay of Piety.

To Co u N T E R c H e'c K . ■«. <r. [counter <ind

eheci.] To oppofe ; to flop with fudden

oppofition.

COUKTER-

c o u

^JCouNTERCHE'cit. It. f. [from the Verb.]
' Stop J rebuke.

If again I faid his beard was not well cut, he
would fay I lye: this is called the teurtercbecl
quarrelfome. - Sbaktffearc.

■7a Counter dra'w. v. a. [from counter
and dra'w.'] With painters, to copy a
defign or painting by means of a fine
linen cloth, an oiled paper, or other
tranfparent matter, whereon the ftrokes,
appearing through, are traced with a
pencil. Chamber!.

.Countere'vidence. n./. [counter and
e^idence.'\ Teftimony by which the de
pofition of fome former witnefs is op
pofed.

Senfe itfelf detefls !ts.motc palpable deceits by a
nutitfr- evidence, and the more ordinary impofturcs
fddom outlive the experiments.

ClamiilU'i Stipfn.

We have litlle reafon to queftion his tellimony

in this point, feeing it is backed by others of good

credit i and all becaufc there is no ccunierciiidence,

nor any witnefs, that appears againft it.

BurMt'irheorj of the Earth.
To CO'UNTERFEIT. ^. «. [contrefaire,

Fr.]
1. To copy with an intent to pafs the copy
for an original ; to forge.

What art thou,
That f OBBffr/'ciri the perfon of a king?

Shakrffrare't Henry IV.

ft came into this prieft's fancy to caufc this lad
to cisunierfe'it and pcrfonate the fecond fon ol Ed-
ward IV. I'uppofed to be murdered.

Bacon' 1 Hmry VII.

There have been fome that could countirfca the
diftance of voices, which is a fecondary objeft of
bearing, in fuch fort, as, when they (land faft by
you, you would think the fpeech came from afar
off in a fearful manner. Bacon i Natural WJlory.

Say, lovely dream, where couldft thou find
Shadows to ctunlerfrit that face .' H^allir.

Jt happens, that not one fingle line or thought
is contained in tbu impollure, although it appears
that cliey who aumerfeited me had heard of the
true one. _ S-wlft.

a. To imitate ; to copy >- to refemble.

And.oh, you mort:il engines! whofe rude throats
Th' immortal Jove's dread clamours eaunierfeir,
*■»««■=" ' Sbjhffeare-i Oikelh.

O 1.VC ! in evil hour thou did'ft give ear
To that falie worm, of whomfoevcr taught
To cunterfat man's v .ice. MHin's PuraMfe LoJI.
To cnntcrf.it, is to put on the l.k nr-fs a.id ap.
peirance of fome real excellency : Briftol-ftoncs
would not pretend to be diamonds, if there never
had been diamonds. Ttllotfcn

Co' u N T E R F E I T. adj. [from the verb. ]
I. That which is made in imitation of
another, with intent to pafs for the ori-
ginal ; forged ; fiftitious.
I learn
Now of my own experience, not by talk,
^ Huw ctiunlirfc'ii a coin they are, who friends

Bear in their fuperfcription ; in profperous days
Thrry fwarm, but in adverfe withdraw their :.cad.

Milttn.
General obfervations drawn from particulars,
are the jewels of knowledge, comprehending great
ftore in a little room ; but they ate therefore to be
mit^e with the greater care and caution, left, if we
take c'Mnterfeii for true, our Ihamc be the greater,
when our ftock comes to a fevcre fcrutiny.

2. Deceitful ; hypocritical.

True friends appear Icfs mov'd thin courterfelt.

Counterfeit. «./. [from the verb.]
One who perfonatss another ; an im-
pollor.
Vol. I.

c o u

I am no fsvntrfeit ; to die is to be a etunitrfiit ;
for he is but the cttunttrfcU of' a man, who hatli
not the life of a man. Shaiefpeare.

This pried, being utterly unacijuiinted with the
true perfon, according to whofe pattern he fliould
(hape his ccunterftit, yet could tiiink it polJble for
him to inftrudt his pi iyer, either in gellure or
falhions, or in fit anfweis to queftions, to come
near the rcfemblance. Bacor.

But truft me, child, I 'm much inclln'd to fear
Some counterfeit in this your Jupiter. Addil.O-uid.

i. Something made in imitation of ano-
ther, intended to pafs for that which it
refcmbles ; a forgery.

My father was I know not where.
When I was ftampt. Some coiner, with his tools.
Made me accunterfcit; yet my mother fce.-n'd
The Dian of that time. Shaie/feare'i Cymbilinc.
There would be no counterfeits but for the fake
of fomething real ; though pretenders feem to be
what they really are not, yet they pretend to be
fomething that really is. Tdktjon.

Co'uNTERFEiTER. »./ [from counter-
feit.'] A forger ; one who contrives co-
pies to pafs for originals.

Henry the Second altered the coin, which was
corrupted by counterftiten, to the great good of the
commonwealth. Camden.

c o q

Co'uNTERFEiTLY. <ra«if. {{rom ctunttr.
feit.] Falfely; fiftitioufly ; with forgery.

Since the wifdom of their choice is rather to
have my cap than my heart, I will praflife the in-
finuating nod, and be off to them moft cour.ter-
f"'h' Shakef/ieare't Cor'iolar.ut.

Counterfe'rment. n.f. [counter and
ferment.] Ferment oppofed to ferment.

What unnatural motions and countcrfemunii
muft a medley of intemperance produce in the
body ! When I behold a falhionable table, I fancy
.1 fee innumerable diftempers lurking in ambufcadc
among the diflies. Mdi/onS Sfeaator.

Counter fe'sance.w./. [ctntrefaifance,
French.] The aft of counterfeiting;
forgery. Not in ufe.

And his man Reynold, with fine counlerfcfance.
Supports his credit and bis countenance.

. . . , , Hukhard; rale.

buch IS the face of falfehooJ, fuch the fight
Of foul Dueffa, when her borrow'd light
Is laid away, and csuntirfefjnce known. Fairy S.

Co'ukterfort. ff./. [from counter anti
fort.]

Coualerfortt, buttrefles or fpurs, are pillars ferv-
ing to fupport walls or terralTej fubjcft to bulge.

Cha.nlers.

Counterga'ge. K.f. [from coiwier and
goge.] In carpentry, a method ufed to
meafure the joints, by transferring the
breadth of a mortife to the place where
the tenon is to be, in order to make
them fit each other. Ch^xmbers.

Countercua'rd. n.f [from counter
and guard.] A fmall rampart, with pa-
rapet and ditch, to cover fome part of
the body of the place. Military Dia.

Counterli'cht. ;;./ [from ««/;/fr and
light.] _ A window or light oppofite to
any thing, which makes it appear to a
difadvantage. Chambers.

To Counterma'nd. ti.a. [contremander ,
French.]

I. To order the contrary to what was
ordered or intended before ; to contra-
dift, annul, or repeal a command.

In ft.ttcs nororioully irreligious, a fecrct and
irrcfiftifcle poacr coun.irmaudi their dcepvft pro-
jedls, and faiitti their poUciqs )»iUi frullration and
a «utfc. 5j»,i.

2. To oppofe ; to contradift the orders of
another.

For us to alter any thing, is to lift up ourfctvei
againll God, and, as it wete, to countermand him.

llcaker,

3. To prohibit.

Avicen cjuniermandt letting blood in choleric!:
bodies, becaufe he efieems the blood a bridle of
'"'P'''"- llar-oei.

Counterma'nd. »./ [contremand, Fr.']
Repeal of a former order.

Have you no countennand for Claudio yet.
But rauft he die to-morrow ? Stai. Mcc:J.jcr Mmf.

7» Cou N t e R M a'r c h . t;. «. [counter and
march.] To march backward ; to march

, in indiredl ways.

Counterma'rch. n.f. [from ths verb. J

1 . _ Retroceffion ; march backward ; march
in a different direftion from the former.

How are fuch an infinite number of things
placed with fuch order in the memory, notwitli-
ftanding the tumults, marches, and coiiniermarclcs
of the animal fpirils ? Calliir on Thouglt.

2. Change of meafures ; alteration 0/
conduift.

They make him do and undo, go -forward and

backwards by fuch countermarches and retra£liohs,

as we do not willingly impute to wifdom. }

Burnet's Theory of the Earth.

Counterma'rk. n.f. [counter Sind mar}.]

1 . A fecond or third mark put on a bale
of goods belonging to feveral mer-
chants, that it may not be opened but
in the prefence of them all.

2. The mark of the goldfmiths company,
to (hew the metal is ftandard, added to
that of the artificer.

3. An artificial cavity made in the teeth
of horfes, that have outgrown their na-
tural mark, to difguife their age.

4.. A mark added to a medal a long time
after it is ftruck, by which the curious
know the feveral changes in value which
it has undergone. Chamber/.

To Counterma'rk. v. a. [counter and
mark.]

A horfe is faid to be eountermarkrd, when hi*
corner teeth are artificially made hollow, a falfe
mark being made in the hollow pl.ice, in Imitation "
ot the eye of a bean, to conceal the horfe's age.

^ ^ Farrier's Dili.

Countermi'ne. ;;./ [counter and mine. ]

I. A well or hole funk into the ground,

from which a gallery or branch runs out

under ground, to feek out the enemy's

mine, and difappoint it. Military Did,

After this they rained the w./.ls, laid the pew-
der, and rammed the mouths ; but the citijens
made a countermine, and thereinto they poured fuch
a plenty cf water, that the wet powder could not
^ fi'f'i' Uaytvard.

2. Means of oppofition ; means of coun-
teraftion.

He thinking himfelf contemned, knowing no
countermine .-igainft contempt but terror, began to
let nothing pafs, which might bear the colour of
a faulr, without (harp punifliment. Sidney,

3 . A (Iratagem by which any contrivance
is defeated.

The matter being brought to a trial of (I-.ill, tlie
countermine was only an adt of felf-prcferv.itiun.

L'F/!range.

To Countermi'ne. v. a. [from the
noun.]

I. To delve a pafiage into an enemy's
mine, by which the powder may eva-
porate without mifchief.

3 Jt 2. To

c o u

Z, To counterwork ; to defeat by fecret
jpeafures.

Thus infallibly it muft be, if Cod do not mira-
Culoufl) ciunlirmiiu us, and do more for us than we
cin do againft ouifclvcs. Dicay nf Piity.

Countermo'tion. »./. [counter and mo-
tion.'] Contrary motion ; oppofition of
motion.

That refinance i« a cnuMirmotwti, or equivalent
to one, is pUin by this, that any body which is
prefled muft needs prcfs again on the body that
ptclfes it. Digh 0" 't' Scul.

If any of the returning ffirits (hoilld happen to
fall foul upon others which arc outward bound,
thefe cikntirmaticiu would oveifct them, or occalion
a later arrival. Collier.

Povntermu're. n. /. [contremur, Fr.]
A wall built up behind another wall, to
fupply its place.

The great fliot flying through the breach, did
beat down houfes j but tl-x cJunurir.urey new built
againft the breach, ftinding upon a lower giound,
it feldum touched. Kr.ollo.

Counterna'tx/rai. adj. [counter and
natural.'] Contrary to nature.

A confumf.ti-n is a ccunUrnaturai hefiick ex-
tenuation of the body. Harvryoti C^njlmfthns.
Co u R T E R N o'l s E . »./. [couKtcr and noi/f.]
A found by which any other noife is
overpowered.

They endeavoured, either by a conftant fuccef-
fioD of fenluaJ delights to chirm and lull aflecp,
or elfe by a caintemtije of reyellings and tictou'-
exccflTet to dtowa, the fofter vhifpers of tjieir
confciencc. Calnmy'i Sermon.

CoOKTERo'pENlNG. «. / [counter and
opening.] An aperture or vent on the
contrary fide.

A tent, plugging up the orifice, would make the
matter tecur to the part Jirpoi'ed to receive it„an«]
maik the place for a c(^iiierofir,'mg.

Sharp's Surgery.
Cownterpa'ce. n.f. [counter &ni. pace.]
Contrary raeafure ; attempts in opppfi-
ion to any fcheme.

When the leail ccuti:crfacii are mjije to thcfr
olurions, it will then be time enough for our
TOal"conten:s. A'v/f.

Co'unterpaNE. »•/. [contrepoint, Fr.]
A coverlet for a bed, or any thing elle
woven in fijuares. It is fometimcs
written, according to etymology, coun-
terpoint.

In ivory coffers I have ftufTd ray crowns;
Jn cypnisthclls my arras c'iunttrpaniii. Shakefpearc.
.CounteRPa'rt. n.f. [counter AttA part.]
The correfpondcnt part ; the part which
anfwers to another, as the two papers
of a contr.ift ; the p.irt which fits ano-
ther, as the key of a cypher.

li fome th Rgs the laws of Normandy agreed

with tht lawj of £nglanJ ; io that they frcm to

be, 13 )t w«ie, copies or auunrferit one of another.

little's L.IW ^J England.

An old fellow with a young wench, may pafs

for a ctuntirfurl of thi» fable. L'EJIrange.

Oh counUrpat t
Of our foft fex ; well are >cu made our lords :
So bold, fo great, (o god-like are you.form'il,
How can yon love fa filly thmgs as women? Dryd.^
He is to confider the ihoughrof his author, an<|
his words, anJ to find out the cijMnterpart to each
in another lanfuage. Dyden,

In the difco»eiy, tlie twp different plots look like
emnlerpartt and copies of one another.

/IJifipn's Spe^ator.

CouNTKRPi. e'a. n./. [froai counter and

plea.] In law, a replication : as, if a

ftranger to the afUon begua dz&te to be

c o u

admitted to fay what he can for the fafe-
guard of his eflate, that which the de-
mandant allegeth againft this requeft is
called a counterplea. Coaue/L

To Counterplo't. "v. a. [counter and
plot.] To oppofe one machination by
another ; to obviate art by art.

Counterplo't. n.f. [from the verb.]
An artifice oppofed to an artifice.

The wolf that had a plot upon the kid, was
confounded by a caumarpht of the kid's upon the
wolf j and fuch a cnunicrplot as the wolf, with all
his fagacity, was not able to fmell out. L'Epratige.

Co'unterpoint. ».yr A coverlet woven
in fquares, commonly fpoken counter-
pane. See Counterpane.

To CouNTERPo'isE. T. «. [countcr z.x\ii
poife.]

1. To counterbalance ; to be equi-ponde-
rant to ; to aft againil with equal weight.

Our fpoils we have brought h»iT)e
Do more than coumerpeijc a full tl^ird part
The charges of the anion. Stakefprare's Cariolanus.
The force and the diftance of weights counter-
foijir.g one another, ought to be reciprocal.

Dighy on thf Scul.

2. To produce a contrary adion by an
equal weight.

The beavlnels of bodies muft be ccunttrpafid by
a plummet faftened about the pulley to the axis.

mikir.s.

3. To aft with equal power againft any
perfon or caufe.

!>a many freeholders of Englilh will be able to
beard and to c oiinrrr^oi/e the reft. Sptnfcrai Ireland.

Co'uNTERPOiSE. n.f. [itovn couttterini

pcife.]

1 . Equiponderance ; equivalence of weight;
equal force in the oppofite fcale of the
balance.

Take her by the hand.
And :cU her file is thine ; to whom I proroife
A ccumcrpoift, if not in thy eftate,
A balance more replete.

SlaUJpfure': All's luell sbat ends v:ell.
Faftcning thit to our exa£t balance, we put a
metalline coniitirfoife into the oppofite fcale.

Boyle's Spring ef the Air.

2. The ftate of being phrced in the op-
polite fcale of the balance.

Th' Eternal hung forth his golden fcalcs,
Wherein ail things created firft he Weigh'd,^
Tile pendulous round eaith, with balanc'd air
In counlcrpoi/e. Milton's Puradije Lifi.

3. Equipollence ; equivalence of power.

The lecond nobles are a counterpoife to ihe higher
nobiiity, that they grow not too patent. Bacon.

Their generals, by tlieir credit in the army,
were, with the magiftrates and other civil officers,
a fort of counterpoije to the power of the people.

Swift.

CountBrpo'ison. n.f. [counter ind poi-
fon.] Antidote ; medicine by which the
effefts of poitbn are obviated.

Ciuntcrpoijcns muft be adapted to the caufe; for
example, in poifun from fubiimale corrofive, and
arl'enick. Arbiiibr.it.

CountErpre'ssure. n.f. [counter and
preffure.] Oppofite force ; power afting
in contrary direftions.

Does it not all mechanick heads confound.
That troops of atoms from a'l parts aiound.
Of equal number, and of equal force.
Should to this finglc point dircdt their courfc;
That fo the ctiunitrpr;jfurc ev'ry way,
Of equal vigour, might their nnj^tions flay.
And by a fteady poifc the whole in quiet lay ?

"^ £l»(i3»'.re.

c o u

Counterpro'ject. n.f. [uutttet and
project. ] Correfpondcnt part of a fcheme.
A deax reafon why they ne^ cr fent any forces to
Spain, and why the obligation not to enter into a
tieaty of peace with Frar.cc, until that entire mo-
narchy was' yielded as a preliminary, was ftruck
out of the ccuolerfryti'i by tbe Dutch. Stvift.

To Counterpro've. v. a. [from counter
and pro've.] To take off a defign in
black lead, or red chalk, by palung it
through the rolling-prefs with anoUier
piece pf paper, both being moiftened
with a'lponge. Chamhtrt,

To COUNTERRO'L. <i/. a. [counter and
roll. This is now generally written as
it is fpoken, control.] To preferve the
power of detefting frauds by another ac-
count.

Counterro'lmbnt. n.f. [from counter-
rol.] A counter account ; controlment.

Thi'! manner of exercifing of this ofEce, hath
many teftimonics, interchangeable warrants, and
ctunterrolmeiitSj whertof each, running through the
hands, and refting in the power, of many fereral
perfons, is fufficient to aigue aj;d convince all man-
ner of falfchood. Bacon.

Co'untersc ARP. n.f. [fxom cotinter xad.
fcarp.] That fide of the ditch which is
next the camp, or properly the talus that
fupports the earth of the covert-way ;
although by this term is often under-
ftood the whole covert-way, with its
parapet and glacis : and fo it is to be
underllood when it is faid the enemy
lodged ihemfelves on the ccunterfcarp.

Harris,

To Countersi'cn. t;. a. [from counter

and fign.] To fign an order or patent

of a fuperiour, in quality of fecretary,

to render it more authentick. Thus

charters are figned by the king, and

counterfigned by a fecretary of ftate, or

lord chancellor. Chambers.

Counterte'nor. n.f. [from counter

and tenor.] One of the mean or middle

parts of mufick ; by called, as it were,

oppofite to the tenor. Harris.

i am deaf: this deafnefs unqualifies me for all

company, except a few friends with countertenor

voices. Sv^ift,

Counterti'de. n.f. [counter and irile.']
Contrary tide ; fiuftuations of the water.

Such were our ci-untertides at land, and fo
Prel'aging of the fatal blow,
In your prodigious ebb and flow. Dryden,

Counterti'me. n.f [counter axA time;
contretemps, French.]

1. The defence or refiftance of a horfe,
that intercepts his cadence, and the
meafure of his manage. Farrier'' s Did.

2. Defence ; oppofition.

Let checrfulnels on happy fortune wait,
And give not thus the countertlme to fate.

Dryden's Aarenpseke.

•Countertu'rn. n.f. [counter and turn.]
The cataftifis, called by tjic Romans ftatus, the
height and lull growth of the play, we may call
properly the cc^ntertiirn, which dcftroy^ that cx-
pe£latiun, embroils the aOion in new difficulties,
and leaves you far diftaut from that hope in which
it found you. Drylcn on Bramtitick Pocfy.

To COUNTER VA'IL. -v. a. [conha and
-valco, Latin.] To be equivalent to ; to
have equal force or value; to aft againft
with equal power.

Jn

c o u

In fome men there may be found fuch quali-
ties as art able to countervai! thofe exceptions
which might be taken againft cbcm, and Tuch nen's
authority is not likely to be ihaJccn eft'. haskin

Aud therewithal h^ Aercely at him flew,
And with important outrage him afTaii'd;
.Who, foon preparM to field', bis fword forth
drew,
And him with equal valour ccuntirvairj.

Fairy S^uefn,
The outward dreams, which defcend, mull be
of fo much force as to' ccuntervj'il all that weight
whereby the afcending fide does exceed the other.

\Vc arc to compute, that, upon balancing the
account, the profit at lall will hardly ccunter-vail the
inconveniencics tliat go along with it. L^FJirar.ge.
Counterva'il. n.f. [from the verb.]

1. Equal weight ; power or vaine fuiiicient
to obviate any cSeEL or objeftion.

2, That which has eqoal weight or value
with fomething elle.

Surely, th:: prclent pleafurc of a finful aft is a
poor csunnr-zv'tl tor the bittemefs of the rcvieif ,
wnich bifint where the action ends, and IjlU fo,
ever. Smlbi Strnctu,

Countervib'w. b./. [counter and viiiv.]

1. Oppofition ; a poilure in which two
perlbos front each other.

Mean while, ere thus via iinn'd and judg'd on
earth.
Within the gatea of bell fat fin and death.
In cour.urvirw, AH'tyn^t PaiaJi/c Lofi.

2. Contrali ; a pofition in which two diffi-
milar things illuftrate each other.

I have drawn fome line: of Llngtr's charafter,
on purp>f« to place it in cimniervinii or conttalt
with that of the otlier company. Sivifi.

To Counts rwo'rk. v. a. [counter and
•u;cri.'\ To countcraft ; to hinder any
effeft by contrary operations.

But heav'n's great view is one, and that the
whole :
That f«fr«rw*rh each folly and caprire;
That difappoints th'cfted of ev'ry vice. Pcpt.
Co'uNTESS. tt./. \_iomitiJfa,L3.X.. comtrjfe,
French.] The lady of an earl or count.

1 take it, fhe that carries up thj train,
Ii that old noble lady, the duchefs o( Norfolk.
—It is, and all t!.c rell are ccumiffei,

Sbahjfeart'i Hairy VW.

It is the peculiar happinclj of the nutitifi ot
Abingdon to ha.c been fo truly loved by you while
fhe was living, and fo gratefully honoured afttr
fhe was dead. Dryden.

Co'uNTiNC-HousE. ti.f. [count and
ht>ufe.'\ The room appropriated by traders
to their books and accounts. '

Men in tr;ide feldom think of laying out money
upBii bind, till the'r profit has brought chem in
more than tfeir tr.ide can well imploy; and tiieii
idle bagsc'jniberini,' their cnnring-houfit, put them
upon enip'/''"g them. LotL:

Co'tJWTLESS. aifj. [from couirt.'] Innu-
merable ; without number ; not to be
reckoned.

Ay, tear f ;r 'ear, and loilng kifs for kifs,
Thy brMhci Marcus tcndrs »n thy iips :
O were the fum "( thefe rliat I (Tiouli pay
CsurtUji ai d infiriite, yet would I pay tliem. ShaK

Bu; oh, her mind, that orcus which includes
L^ioni of roifchief, ctuntUfi multitudes
Of firmer cu. ft s. Domn.

By one ir*r>tfji fum of woes oppreft.
Hoary will', ere;, and igno,-antof reft,
We find the vital fpringi relax'd and worn;
Thus, thro' the round of age, to childhood we re-
< ,, '"■■"• P,hr.

I fee, I cried, h.s woes, a cmniUfi train ;
Ifee his iticAds o'erwhelia'd beneath the mj;n.

Pot it Oiijff,y.

G O U

CO'UNTRY. n.f. [conlree, Fr. cantrata,
Low Latin ; fuppoled to be contrafted
fi-om conterraia.^

1. A trail of land; a region, as diillnguifti-
ed from other regions.

They require to be examined concerning the
defcriptions of thofe countries of which tiiey would
be informed. Spran.

2. The parts of a region diftant from ci-
ties or courts ; rural parts.

Would I a houfe for h-ippinefs creft.
Nature alone fhould be the architcil ;
She 'd build it mrire convenient than great,
And doubtlef«in the cMnrrychufe her feat. CmiiUy.

1 (ee them hurry from country to town, and then
from. the town back ajjain into the country. Sfefl.

3. The place which any man inhabits, or
in which he at prefent refides.

Send out more hortes, ficirre the couriry round,
Hang thole that talk of fear. Skakeff. Macbelh.

4. The place of one's birth; the native
foil.

The king fc' on foot a reformation in the orna-
ments and advantages of our couelry. Span.

0 favc my ccuetry, beav'a 1 fliali be your Mt.

Pofc.

5. The inhabitants of any region.

All ihc couti.'ry, in a general voice,
Cried hate upon him; all their pray'rs ar.d love
Were feton Hereford. Sbakcffeaii Henry IV.
Co'uNTRY. adj.

I. Ruftick ; ruraJ ; villatickj

Cannot a country wench know, that, having
received a fhiUing from one that owes her three,
and a (hilling alfo from another that owes her
three, the remaining debts in each ol" their hands
arc c^iual ? tceie.

1 never meant any other, than that Mr. Trot
fhould confine hjmfelf to roi/iioy dances. Hfeffator.

He comes no nearer to a poiitive, clear idea of a
pofitive infinite, than the ccutitry fellow had of the
water which was yet to pafs the channel of the
river where be flood. . l.oclt.

Talk but with country people, or young people,
and you ihall find that tiie notions they apply this
name to, are fo odd, that nobody can imagine they
were taught bj a rational man. Locke.

A country gentleman, learning Latin in the
u.^ivcrfity, removes thence to his maaCon-houfe.

Itocke.

The low mechanielcs of a country town do lorae-
what outdo him. Locke.

Come, we'll e'en to our country feat repair,
T. e native home of innocence and love. Norrii,

2. Of an intcreft opposite to that of courts :
as, the country patty.

3. Peculiar to a region or people.

She laughing the cruel tyrant to fcorn, fpaltc
in her country language. 2 Maccabin, vii. ay.

.4. Rude; ignorant; untaught.

Wc. make a y^t^r.try man dumb, whom we will
not allow to fpeak but by the rules of grammar.

Dryiicns Dufrefny.

CO'UNTRYMAN. t, . /. [frOHl COUttt ry TiXlA
mait.'\

1. Opc bom in the fame country, or trai^
of ground. Locke.

6cc, who comes hae ?
My countryman ; but jet I know Mm not.

Sl'jixffcare': Maciuh.
Hr.mer, great bard 1 fo fate oroaln'd, ar.ife j
And, bold as wore his cmmrymen in fight, '

S .atch'd their fi^railinns from degrading profe.
And fee tiiclr battles in eierual hgii:. Prior.

The Bricifh I'olJii-rs adtwith greater vigour un-
der the conduct ,ot one whom ihey dnnotconfider
only as their leader, but as their oumryman.

yiil.Hftm on the Jf'ar,

2. A rullick J one that inhabits the rural
parts.

c o u

All that have bufinefs to the court, and all

coiimrymca coming up to the city, leave their wives
in the country. Craunt.

3. A farmer ; a hufbandman.

A cour.lrymati took a boar in his corn. L'EJIr,
Co'vNTY. n.f. [comte. Fr. comitatut,Lz.

tin.]
I. A fhire; that is, a circuit or portion
of the realm, into which the whole land
is divided, for the adminillration of
juftice ; fo that there is no part of the
kingdom but what lieth within feme
county. Every county is governed by a
yearly officer, called a IherifF, who puts
in execution all the commands and judg-
ments of the king's courts. Of thefe
counties four are termed county-pala-
tines, as that of Lancafter, Chefter,
Durham, and Ely. A county-palatine
is a jurifdidion of fo high a nature,
that the chief governors of thefe, by
fpecial charter from the king, feut out
all writs in their own name, and did
all things touching juftice as abfolutely
as the prince himfelf, only acknowledg,
ing him their I'uperior and fovereign.
But this power has, by a ftatute in
Henry Vlll. his time, been much a-
bridgcd. There are likewife counties
corporate, which are certain cities or an-
cient borough? upon which our princes
have thought good to beftow extraordi-
nary liberties. Of thefe London is one,
York another, the city of Chefter a
third, and Canterbury a fourth. And
to thefe may be added many mote ; as
the county of the town of Kinglloli upon
Hull, the county of the town of Haver- -
fordwert, and the coitn/y of Litchfield.
County is, in another fignification, ufed
for the county-court. Coive/l.

Dilcharge your powers unto their feveral cotirtiis.
As wc will ours. Shehfjxart'i Henry IV,

He cnught his dcith the laft cour.iy (eflinns,
where he would go to fee juilice done to a poor'
widow-woman, and her fjtherlefs children.

Mdifon's SfeStator*

2. An earldom.

3. [Compte.l A count; a lord. Now wholly
obfolfiie.

The gall.int, young, and/ noble gentleman.

The county Paris. Slai/ptjr^'s Romeo andji.liet.

He mai!e Hujh Lupu? county pjlatinc of Cherter,

and gave tint earldom to him and his heirs, to hold

, the fame ita libcre aigladsum,Jicut rex l.miiit /Ing-

/'ifi^ ad or'jnam. Dviviet. *

COVPE'E. n. /. [French ] A motion in
dancing, vvh.-'n one leg is a little bent
and fufpcndcd from the ground, and with
the other a motion is made forwards.

Chatahirs.

CO'UPLE. n.f. [coupL; Fr. copula, Lat.]

1. A ciuin or tie that holds dpgs together.

I'll keep my ftablc-fland where
I lodge my wifi ; Jil go in ««/■/« with hor.
Than when 1 feel and fee no further trij^ her. '

Shc:k'cfpeur€.,

li is in fome fort with friends ns it is w\ih dogs

in couflcs i they fhould be of the fanie'fine aril

humour. ,, VEjlranyt.

2. Two ; a brace.

He was taken up by a tcufU of fhepberi|,;^<l
by rl.em brought to iifc again. ti^nn.

A fchoclmafter, who fhall teach my ton and

y urs, I will provide; yea, though thu three Jo aift

me a »u/>/e of hundred pounds. ' jifrhmi,

3 I * . A pi«e

c o u

A piece of cTiryftal inclofcd a caij>U of drops,
<nhuh looked like water when they were Oiaken,
• though perhaps Uiey ve nothing but' bubbles of air.

••»■ By adding one to one, we have the complex idea
.•fan..;.//. X-ticki.

3. A male and his female.

, So fljall all the coufUi three,

(Eyer true in lo»ing be. Shak. ATidf. Nhbt't Dr.

Oh! alas!
1 loft a ccufle, that 'twixt heaven and earth
•Might thus have ftood, begetting wonder, as
You gracious caijJi do. Hhaiejf. fyiuicr'i TaU.
1 hive read ol a feigned coainionwcakh, where
the married oufit are permitted, before they con-
'tniQ, to fee one another naked. Bac. Nnv jitlaiilh.
- He faid : the careful ccxfle join their tears,
. And then invoke the gods with pious prayers.

DryJtH.
All fucceeding generations of men are the pro-
geny of one primitive ccufle. Bent/ey's Scrmcm.

To Co'upLE. <t». a. [copula, Latin.]
1 . To chain together.

Huntfman, I charge thee, tender well my hounds;
And CiufU Clowder with the deep-mouth'd Brach.
■ . . Shattffrart.

^, To join one to another.

What greater ills have the heavens in ftorc,
To coB/./^ coming harms with forrow paft. Sidiiiy.

And wherefoe'er we went, like Juno's fwans,
Still we went auflid and infeparable.

Sbakefftare'sAiyou Hie !l.

Put the tacbes into the loops, and ccuf/e the tent
together that it may be one. Exodus, xxvi. 11.

They behold your chafte converfation coupled
«"* 'ti"-- I Peter, iii. i.

Their concernments were fo coupled, that if
nature had not, yet their religions would have
made them brothers. Scuih.

1 hat man makes a mean figure in the eyes of
reafon, who is meafuring fylbbks and ci'upting
Thimes, when he fliould be mending his own foul,
and fecuring his own immortality. Pcpe.

3. To marry; to wed ; to join in wedlock,

1 ftall rejoice to fee you fo coupled, as may he
. fit both for your honour and your fatisfadlion.

Sidney.

I am juft going to aflift with the archbifliop, in

degrading a parfon who couplet all our beggars, by

which 1 Ihall make one happy man. Swift.

TeCo'cpLE. I'.n. Tojoin inemtraces.

Waters in Africa being rare, divers forts of
beafts come from fcveral parts to drink ; and fo
being refrcflied, fall to coaple, and many time with
fcveral kinds. e^„«.

■ Thou, with thy lofty crew,

Caft wanton eyes on the daughters of men,
And ciupted with them, and begot a race.

_ Milton': Paradife Regain'd.

That great variety of brutes in Africa, is bv

reafon of the meeting together of brutes of fcvcra'l

fpec ics, at water, and the promifcuous couplings of

niaJcs and females of fevcral fpecies.

Hate's Origin tf Mankind.
After this alliance.
Let tigers match with hinds, and wolves with

Oieep,
And every cteatore nuplt with his foe,

Dryden's Sfanijh Friar.
Couple. BEG CAR. n. f. [couple znA beg.
gar.'\ One that makes it his bufinefs to
marry beggars to each other.

No coupteOtggiir in the land
E'er joln'd fuch numbers hand in hand. S-xift.

Co'upLET. «./. [French.]

1. Twoverfes; a pair of rhimes.^

Then wo^ld Ihey caft away their pipes, and
holding hand in band, dance by the only cadence
<«£ their voices, which they would ufc in finjing
foaie flicrt ctufltis, whereto the one half begin-
ning, the other half fiiould anfwer. iutn/y.

Then at the laft, an only etuflit fraught
W(U» iacaz unmeaning thing they call a tUought ;

G O U

A needlcfs Alexandrine ends the £>ng.

That, like a wounded fnakc, drags its (low length

along. P(^e.

In Pope I cannot read a line.

But with a figh 1 with it mine;

When he can in one cciplet fix

More fenfe than 1 can do in fix.

It gives me fuch a jealous fit,

I cry, pox take him and hit wit ! Szvift.

2. A pair, as of doves.

Anon, as patient as the female dove,
Ere that her golden couplets are difclos'd,
His filence will fit drooping. Sbakelpeare's Hamlet.
CO'URAGE. n.f. [courage, Fr. from cor,
Latin.] Bravery ; aftive fortitude ; fpi-
rit of enterprize.

1 he king.btcoming graces.
Devotion, patience, courage, fortitude,
I have no rcliih of them. Shatcjpeare's Macbeth.

Their difcipllae
Now mingled with their courage. Shak. Cymieline.
Hope arms their courage ; from their tow'rs
they throw
Their darts with double force, and drive the foe.

Dry den.
Courage, that grows from conftitution, very often
forfakes a man when he has occafion for it ; and
when it is only a kind of inftinft in the foul, it
breaks out on all occafions, without judgment or
difcretion. That courage which arifes from the
fenfe of our duty, and from the fear of oft'ending
Him that made us, afts always in an uniform
manner, and according to the didiatcs of right rea-
fon. Addifons Guardian.
Nothing but the want of common courage was
the caufe of their misfortunes. Sicift,
Coura'geous. aiij. [from courage.]

1 . Brave ; daring ; bold ; enterprizing ;
adventurous ; hardy ; ftout.

And he that is courageous among the mighty,
(hall flee away naked in Siat day. Amos, ii. 16.

Let us imitate the courageous example of St.
Paul, who chofe then to magnify his office when
ill men conlpired to Icd'en it. Atterbury.

2. It is ufed ludicroufly by Shakefpeare for
outrageous.

He is very courageous mad, about his throwirig
into the water. Shakefpeare.

Coura'ceously. adv. [from courageous.]
Bravely ; floutly ; boldly.

The king the nexcday prefented him battle upon
the plain, the fields there being open and cham-
paign: the earl louro^fcj^ji came down, and joined
battle with him. Bacon's Henry Vi I.

Coura'geous NESS. ti. /. [from coura-
geous.] Bravery ; boldnefs ; fpirit ; cou-
rage.

Nitannr hearing of the manlinefs and the coura-
geoufnefs that they had to fight for their country,
durft not try the matter by the fworJ.

2 Maccabees, xiv. 18.

Coura'nt. In./, [couraoie, Fr.] See
Coura'kto. 1 Corant.

1. A nimble dance.

I'll like a, maid the better, wliile I have a
tooth in my head : why, he is able to lead her a
ccuranlo. _ Shakefpeare.

2. Any thing that fpreads quick, as a pa-
per of news.

To CouRB. '■J. n. [courber, French.] To
bend ; to bow ; to ftoop in fupplication.
Not in ufe.

In the fatnefs of thefe purfy times.
Virtue itfelf of vice muft pardon beg.
Yea, courb and woo, for leave to do it good.

SLakeJpeare's Hamlet.
Co'uRiER. n.f. [courier, French.] A
meflenger fent in halle ; an exprefs ; a
• runner.

I met a worirr, one mine ancient friend.

Shakefpean't THicn,

c o u

This tWng the wary balTa well perceiving, by

fpecdy couriers advertifed Solyman of the cnemy'i

purpofe, requefting him with all fpeed to repair

with hi; army toTauris. Knolles's Hiftcry,

COURSE. »./. [cour/e. Ft. eurjus, Latin.]

1 . Race ; career.

And Come (he arms with finewy force.
And fome with fwlftnefs in the courfe. Cowley^

2. Paflage from place to place ; progreis.
To this may be referred, the courfe of a

r'fver.

And when we had finilhed our courfe from
Tyre, wc came to Ptolemais. Afis, xxi. 7.

A light, by which the Argive fquadron fteers
Their filent courfe to Ilium's well known (hore.

Dinham,

3. Tilt ; aft of running in the lifts.

But this hot knight was cooled with a fall, 1
which, at the third courfe, he received of PhaUn-
tut. S'tdney. .

4. Ground on which a race is run.

5. Track or line in which a Ihip fails, or
any motion is performed.

6. Sail ; means by which the courfe is
performed.

To the courfts we have devifed ftudding-fails,
fprit-fails, and top-fails. Raleigh's EJ'ays. .

7. Progrefs from one gradation to another ;
procefs.

Wh-n the (late of the controvecfy it plainly
determined, it muft not be altered by another
difputant in the courfe of the difputation. kVatls.

8. Order of fuccei&on : as, every one in :
his courfe.

If any man fpeak in an unknown tongue, let it
be by two, or at the moft by three, and that by
courfe; and let one interpret. 1 Cor, xiv. 17.

9. Stated and orderly method, or manner. .

If (he live long.
And in the end meet the old courfe of death.
Women will all turn monfters. Sbak. KingLeeir,

The duke cannot deny the courfe of law.

Shakefpeare* .

If God, by his revealed declaration, fir.'t gave
rule to any man, he, that will claim by that title, ,
muft have the fame pofitive grant of God for his '
fuccclTion ; for, if it has not directed the courfeof
its defccnt and conveyance, no body can fucceed to
this title of the fiift ruler. Locke.

10. Series of fucceffive arid methodical
procedure.

The glands did refolve during her courfe of
phyfick, and (hscontinieth very well to this day,
ff^feman's Surgery,

1 1.. The elements of an art exhibited and >
explained, in a methodical feries. Hence
our cour/cs of philofophy, anatomy, chy-
miftry, and mathcmaticks. Chambers.

12. Conduft ; manner of proceeding.

Grittus perceiving the danger he was in, began
to doubt with himfelf what courfe were heft for
him to take. Kmlla.

That worthy deput)' finding nothing but a com- .
mon mifery, took the beft coarfeht polTibly could
to eltablifls a -commonweahh in Ireland,

Davies on Ireland,

He placed commiflioners there, who governed
it only in a courfe of difcretion, part martial, part
civil. . Davies en Ireland.

Give willingly what I can take by force ;
And know, obedience is your fatcft courfe.

Dtydens Aurengxebe,

But if a right courfe be talccn with children,
there will not be fo much need ai common rewards
and pnnidiments. Locke,

'Tis time we lliouU decree
WhatfOTT^to take. Addrfim't Cato. .

The fenate obfcrving how, in all contentions,

they were forced to yield to the tribunes and pco.

pie, thought it their wifeft courfe to give way alfo

to time, Sijift,

!3. Method :

C 6 "O^

c o u

c o u

13., Method of life ; train of a£Hons,

A woman of fo workin£.a-nrin*, and fo vehe-
, inent fpirits, as it was ' ippy (lie took a good coarjc;
or othcrwift it would have been tenible. Sitliiy,
His addiSion was to courfei vain ;
'His companies unletter'd, rude, and iliallow;
His hours fili'd up with riots, banquets, fports.

A; the dtx)pfy-man, the r. i.-e he drinks, the
drier he is, and the more he fVill dcfiiei to drink j
evea fo a finner, the mote he fins, the -apter is he
to fin, and mote defirous to keep (till a coarfe in
wickednefs. . Pcrkint.

Men will fay,
That beauteous Emma vagrant ccarfes took.
Her father's houfe and civil life forfook. Pjia-.
14. Natural bent; uncontrolled will.

It is bell to leave nature to hct cburje^ who is the
fovereign phvfician in moft difeafes. temple.

So every fervant took his courfty
And, bad at firft, they all grew worff. iViV.

13. Catamenia.

The ftoppage of women's ccarfeSi if not fuddenly
looked to, fets them undoubtedly into a confump-
tion, dropfy, orfome other dangerous dlfeafe.

Harvty en Ccmfumptioitt,

16. Orderly ftrnftnre.
The tongue derileth the whole body, and fetteth

on fire the courfe of nature. Jamtiy iii, 6.

17. [In architefture.] A continued range
of ftones, level or of the fame height,
throughout the whole length of the build-
ing, and not interrupted by any aper-
ture. Harris.

1 8. Series of confequences.
19.- Number of difhes fet'on at once upon

the tuble.

Worthy Sir, thou bleed'ft:
Thy excrcife hath been too violent
For a fecond courft of fight. Sbaiejf. Ccrhhnu!.

Then with a fecond covrfc the tables load.
And with full chargers offer to the god. Dryd. ^n.

-You are not to waih your hands till after you
have fcnt up your fecond ccurfe.

Snvift^i DireSiims to the Cook.

So quick retires each nyingr^&r^^, you'd fwear
Sancho's dread do^or and his wand were there.

2C. Regularity ; fettled rule;

21. Empty form.

Men talk as if they believed in God, but they
i;^ as if they thojght there wai none j their vows
and promifcs arc no more than words of courfe,

L'EJirangi,

22. 0/coHr/e. By confequence.

Vi ith a mind unprepuirelTed by doflors and com-
mentators of any led, whofe reafonings, interpre-
tiiion, and language, which J have been ufcd to,
will t/fcar/i make all chime that way ; and make
another, and perhaps the genuine meaning of the
author, fcem harlh, (trained, and uncouth to me.

Uckc.
25. Of courfe. By fettled rule.

Scafe is of courfe annex'd to wealth and power;
No mufc is proof agaiod a golden (hower. Garib,

Neither (ball I be fo far wanting to myfelf, as
not to dcfirea patent, granted of cturfrto all ufeful
pr.jeaor-. Sivi/t.

To Course. i>. a. [from the nDan.]

1. To hunt ; to purfue.

The big round tears
Ccuri'd one another down his innocent nofe
In piteous chafe. Shakiffieare't Aiyoit like it.

The kicg is bunting the deer ; I am ccurfing
myfelf. Shjkeffeare'i Love'% Labour Lafl,

Where 's the thane of CawiJor .'
WerwrrVhim It the heels, and had a purpofe
To Lc his purvjvor. Sl.aitffeart's Macbeth,

2. To purfue with dogs that hunt in view.

U would be tried ;il(o in (lying of hawks, or
Uijourji'fg of a deer, or hart, with greyhounds.

Jiatin'i Neiural Jhfi-ry.

I am continually ftarting hares for you to narft :
we were certainly cut out for one another ; for
my temper quits an amour jull whc/e thine takes
it up. Csngrfue's Old Bitehekr.

3. To put to fpeed ; to force to run.
When they have an appetite
To venery, let them not drink nor eat.
And Ciurfe them oft, and tire them in th'; heat.

May^s yirgil.

?"o Course, ti. «. Torun; toroveabout.

Swift as quickfllver it courfa through
The nat'ral gates and alleys of the body.

Shakefpcare^i Hamlet.

The blood, before cold and fettled, left the liver

white and pale, which is th: badge of pufillanimity

and cowardice; but the (herris warms it, and makes

it ccurfe from the inwards to the parts exireme.

'Shjkefpcarc*s Henry IV,
She did fo courfe o'er my exteiiours, with fu.h
a greedy intention, that the appetite of her eye did
feem to fcorch me up like a burning glaA.

Shakcjpeare's Merry fViiiei of ff^mjfor.
Ten brace and more of greyhounds, fnowy fair.
And tall as ftags, ran loofe, and coun'd around his
chair. Dryden,

All, at once
Rclapfing quick, as quickly re-afcend
And mix, and t'nwart, cxtinguiih, and renew,
All ether caurfwg in a maze of light.

Tbotrtjon' 1 Autumn,
Co'uRSER. n, f. [from courfe; courfier,
French.]

1 . A fwift horfe ; a war horfe : a. word
not ufed in profe.

He proudly pricketh on his courfer (irong,
And Atin ay him pricks wWi Ipurs of (hamc and
wrong. Sfenfer.

Then to his abfent gueft the king decreed
A pair of courferSf born of he av'niy breed j
Who from their noftrils breath'd etherial fire.
Whom Circe ftoh from her celeftial fire.

Drydev't Mneid.

Th' impatient courfer pants in every vein,
And, pawing, feems to beat the dillant plain ;
Hills, vales, and floods appear already crofs'd.
And, ere he ftarts, a thoiifind fteps are loft, Fcpe',.

2, One who purfues the fport of courfing
hares.

A lea(h is a leathern diong, by which a fal-
coner holds his hawk, or a courftr leads his grey-
hound. Ifanmer.
COURT. »./. [cour, Fr. hert, Dut. curtis,
low Latin.]

1. The place where the prince refides ; the
palace.

Here d<»you keep a hundred kniglits and fquires,
^^en n> difordwly, fo dcbauch'd and boldj
That this our court, infeCled with their manners,
Shews like a riotous inn ; epicurifm and luft
Make it more like a tavern, or a brothel.
Than a grac'd palace. Shakeffeare'i King Lejr.

It (hall be an habitation of dragins, and a court
for owls. Ifaiuh, xx% i. 1 3,

His exaftnefs, that every man (hould have Kis
due, was fuch, that you would think he had never
San i court : the politencfs with which thisjufticc
was adminiftered, would convince you he never
had lived out of one. Prior' 1 Dedication,

A fuppliant to your royal court I come.

Pofe's Odvjfiy.

2. The hall or chamber where juftice is
adroiniHered.

Are you acquainted with the difference
Tlut holds this prcfent quellion iu the court ?

Sbakd'pcart.

St. Paul being brought unto the higheft court in
Athens, to give an account of the doftrine he had
preached concerning Jelus and the rcfurreftion,
ukV occafion to imprint on thofe ma^irtratcs a
future ftatc. Atlcrbury,

3. Open fpace before a houfe.

You mull have, before you tome to the front,
'biw (iuril j a grew tour! jiain^ wisil a'i\.Ul iLci:t

It ; i feeond court of the hm^, but more garnilhed*
with little turrets, or other embellilhmcnts, upon
the wall; and a third court, to fquare with the
front, not to be built but inclofed with a naked
wall. Bacon.

Suppofe it were the king's bedchamber, yet the
meaneft man in the tragedy muft come and difpatch
his bufinefs, rather than in the lobby or court yard
(which is fitter for him) for fear the ftag: (h <uld
be cleared, and the fcenes broken. Dryden,

4. A fmall opening inclofed with houfes,
and paved with broad ftones, diftinguifh-
ed from a llreet.

5. Perfons who compofe the retinue of a
prince.

Their wiflom was fo highly efteemed, that'
fome of them were always employed to follow the
courts of their kings, to advife them. temple.

6. Perfons v/iio are aflembled for the ad- 1
miniftration of juftice.

7. Any jurifdiftion, military, civil, or ec-.'
clefiaftical.

If any noife or foldier you perceive
Near to the wall, by fomc apparent fign
Let us have knowledge at the t-owrf of guard.

Sbakifpeare's Henry VI, ■ .
The archbilhop
Of Canterbury, accompanied with other
Learned and reverend fathers of his order.
Held a late court at Dunftable. Skak, Henry VIII,

I have at laft met with the proceedings of the
court baron, held in that behalf. SpeBat'jr, .

8. The art of pleafnig ; the art of infmua-
tion.

Him the prince with gentle court did board.

Spcnfer» .

Haft thou-been never bafe ? Did love ne'er bend
Thy frailer virtue, to betray thy friend ?
Flatter me, make thy««rr, and fay it did ;
Kings in a crowd-would have their vices hid.

Dryden'i Aurengztbe, .

Some fort of people, placing a great part of
theirhappinefsin ftrong drinlc, are always forward
to malce rcftrr to my young mafter, by odering that ■■
which they love beft themfelves. Locke,

I have been confidering why poets have fuch
ill fuccefs in making their court, fince they are
allowed to be the greateft and beft of all flatterers!
the dcfeiS is-, tliat they flatter only in print or in
wrltiYif. ' Stvift to G^rji

9. It is often ufed in compofition in molt
of its fenfes.

To Co u R T . i^. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To woo ; to folicit a woman to marriage.

Follow a (hadow, it flies vou ;.
Seem to fly ir, it will purfue :
So cmrt a millreff, flic c-e^iiei; you ;
Let her alone, (he will court you. Bcr. Jonf. Fonfh

Fir'd with her love, and with ambition led.
The oeighb'ring princes aurt her nuptial bed.

Drydiu'i ALi.iid.. ■

Alas ! Sempronius, wouldft thou talk of love
To Marcia, whilft her father's life '3 in danger.'
Thou might'd as we llroi/rr the pale'trembling veftaJ,
While (he beholds the holy flame expiring.

jiddifon's Cal^J .

Ev'n now, when filc'nt fcorrt is all they gain,
A thoufand court you, though thcv court\n vain.

2. To folicit ; to feck.

Their own eafc and fatisfa£lion would quickly
teach children to court commendation, and avoid
doing what they found condemned. -

Lochc on Education,

3. To flatter ; to endeavour to pleafe.
CouRT-cnAei»iN. n.f. {^court and chap'

Iain.] One who attends the king to >
celebrate the holy offices.

The maids of honour have, been fuUy<;oom'-f J

by a famous court -ihapliiin. .5w./>.

Cot/RT-DAY. a. f. [court ATttl Jay. ^ Uay

on whichju;tjce is folvniBly admiojiltvcd.

The .

c o u

The iua« took time to deliberrt*, mi then"*

<,un.Jiy he fpoke. ^ i«ffe..' '-J Pf-

CoURT-DRESSER. «./[««'•' a^d'''"#^-J

One that drefles the court, or perfons ot
rank ; a flatterer. , . ^ r

There are many ways of fallacy ; tuch art* ot
giving colours, appearances, and refcmblances, by
thh ciurt.drefir, fancy. X-oc**.

Court-favour. «./ Favours or bene-
fits beftowed by princes.

We part with the bleflings of both worlds for
rieafures, «»r//av<wrj, and commillions ; and at
laft, when we Save fold ourfeWcs to our luft., we
grow fick of our bargain. ^ £««,,«.

Court-hand. «. / [^curt and W.]
The hand or manner of writing uled in
records and judicial proceedings.

He can make obligations, and miv: C'fri-hi-r.d.

Shaktjfeart.

CouRT-LADV. ». /. [eouri and lai/y.] A
lady converfant or employed m court.

The fame ftudy, long continued, is "^ 'ntole-
rablc to them, as the appearing long in the lame
clothes or fafhion is to a cnrt-Udy. Lm^'-

Co iig-T^ovs. adj. [iTOJovo;/, French.] Ele-
gant of manners ; polite ; well-bred ;
fullofaftsofrefpeft.

He hath dcferved worthily of his country ; and
his afcent is not by fuch eafy degrees, as thofe who
have been fupplc and ctuneoui to the people.

Shakcjf cares Concltnui,

They are one while covrti.ut, civil, and oblig-
ing; but, within a fm»U time after, avc luperci-
lious, (harp, troublefomc, fierce, and extept.ous^.^

Co'URTEOUSLY. /J//f. [from cmrtttus.]
RefpedlfuUy ; civilly ; complaifantly.

He thought them to be gentlemen of much
mo e worth than their habits bewrayed, yet he let
then. n»rf«..y;j> pafs. »''■'•"'■

■Whilft Chrift was upon earth, he was not onl;

eafy of accefs, he did not only courmujly receive

all that addreffcd thcmfelves tu him, but alio did

not difdainhimfelf to travel up and down the coun-

Calamy'i Sermom.

Alcinous, being prevailed upon by the glory of
his name, entertained him courlcoujiy. Broome.

Co'uRTECUsNESS. »./. [from courteous.]

Civility ; «omplaifance.
Co'uRTESAN. \n. f. {corti/atia, low La-
Co'uRTEZAN. J tin.] A woman of the

town ; a proftitute ; a ftrumpet.

•Tis a brave night to cool a courtezan.

Sickefpeare's Kin^ Lor.

'with them there are no ftcws, nodiffolute noojVs.

jio amriefiim, nor any thing of that kind ; nay tlicy

wonder, with deteftation, at you in Europe, which

permit fuch things. BaccfCi NcviAihm.

The Corinthian is a column lalcivioun) decked

like a esuTlenan. _ fraiiir..

Charixu-i, thr brother of Sappho, in love with

Rhodope the «ar/«<i«t, ^ent his whole eftate upon

her. ^''•^''■

Co'uRTEsy. »./. [fokrtei/ie, Fr. corlefi<>,

Italian.] .

I. Elegance of manners ; civility ; com-
plaifance.

Sir, you are very welcome to our howfe :
It muft appear in other ways than words.
Therefore I fcant this breath: ng cemtejy. •

Stalefp'-aret Mercbunt cj Icm c.

•Who hive fetn his' cAate, his hoffitality, his
fW»,/> to llrangers. Fea.h^w.

He, who was compounded of all th* -lemCTits
of affability and feurltfy towatds all kind ol pt»ple,
Vought himfelf to a habit of nrgtea, and even
of nidenefs tooards the <|ucen. Cljreidcii.

Courlrfy is fooncr found in lowly (hades
-With f^noky latrers, thin in tap llry halls.
And courts ol ptmccs, *rt>eace i: 6rft was njrn d.

C O U

So geatle of condition was he knowDi
That througli the court bis csurlefy was blown.

Drydcn'i Tahiti,

. Aa aft of civility or refpeft.

You fpurn'd me fuch > day ; another time
You call'd me dog ; and, for thefc csurtt/iet,
I'll lend you thus much money.

Shakeffeare'i Merchant cf Venice.
Repofe you there, while I to the hardhoufe
Return, and force their feinted cortcjy.

Shttejftant King Ltar.
When I was laft at Exeter,
The mayor in «i<rrr^ (hew'd me the caftle.

Shakiffeiirc'! R'ubard III.
Sound all the lofty inftruments of war,
And by that mufick let us all embrace j
For heav'n to eirth fome of us never (hall
A fecond time do fuch tiCDurttfy.

Shdkefptare's Henry IV.
Other ftites, affuredly, cannot be juftly accufcd
for not (laying for the firft blow ; or for not ac-
cepting Polyphcmus's cnirt^y, to be the lall that
fliall be e.iten up. Bacon.

3. The reverence made by women.

Some couirry girl, fcarce to a lOBr/yji bred.
Would I much rather than Corn-iia wed j
If, fupercilious, haughty, proud, and wain, .
She brought her father's triumphs in her tram.

Dryden'i Juvenal.

The poor creature was as full of auriefiei at \t
I had been her godmother : the truth on 't i';, 1
endeavoured to make her look forr^thing Chnf-
tian-like. Congreve' i Old Bachelor

4. A tenure, not of right, but by the fa-
vour of others; as, to hoU upon ccurtefy.
;. Courtesy o/£«^/flW. A tenure by

..hich, if a man marry an inheritance,
that is, avvomanfeifedof land, and get-
teth a child of her that comes alive into
the world, though both tjie child and
his wife die forthwith, yet, if (lie were
in poffeflion, Ihall he keep the land dur-
ing his life, and is called tenant per
legem Anglia, or by the courte/y of Eng-
land. Coiuell.
To Co'uRTESY. f. ». [from the noun.]

1 . To perform an aft of reverence : it is
now only ufed of women.

Toby approaches, and cairt'fia there to me.

Sbakef^iare.
The pretty traffickers,
That couri'lf to them, do them reverence. Sh^k.

2. To mate a reverence in the manner

of ladies.

If 1 (hould meet her in my w^iy,
Wc hardly court j'y to each other. fr.sr.

Co'uRTiER. »./ [from ««r/.]
I. One that frequents or attends the courts
of princes. !

He hath bceo a ccurlier, he fwears. ~ I

If any man doubt-; that, let him put me to mj'
purgation. I have trod * meifure; 1 have flatreroi'
aladyi Ih.ivefceen politick with ray friend, fmooti^
with m-ni: enemy ; I have undone three taylors ; I
have had four quaiteU, and like to have fongh"
one. Siak^Jfcare's /Isytulike It.

You are a fiittering boy j now, I fee youM b: a
courtier. Sbak/ffeareS Kferry Tt^ives cf H'trdjcr.
You know 1 aiii no courtier, nor vetfed ia..ftatc.
affairi.' ., ^f'

The principal figure in a piaure, is like a kin^
among htsrMW.-Iiri, who ought to dim the luftrc il
his attendoBts. i).->v/.-«.

. One that courts or folicits the favovr of

another.

What
Made thee, all honout'd, honcft Roman Brutus,
With the aim'd lefl, coun'i.is of beauteous freedom.
To drench tli< capitol ? Sljke/f. Jntony and Claf.
There «a! not among all our princes a greater
cevrtier of the people than Richard UI.j '"ot out
of ti.ir, but wifdom. Suckhnf.

COW

Co't/RTiMi. See CURTAIN.

Co'uRTLiKB. eiJJ, [court and Wi*.] Ele-
gant ; polite.

Our Engiifli tongue is, I will not fay as fjcred
as the Hebrew, or as learned as the Greek, but as
fluent as the Latin, as courteous as the Spanilh, as
courilike as the French, and as amorous is the
Italian. Camden'i Rev^ainu

Co'uRTLiKESS. »./. \itom couftly .^ Ele-
gance of manners ; gtace of mien ;
complaifance ; civility.

The llightefi part that you excel in, is courilinrfs.
Lird Digly it Sir Ktnelm Digby.

Co'uRTLiKC. »./. [from court."] Acour-
; tier; a retainer to a court.

Cjurtling, I rather thou (hould'ft utterly
Difpraife my work, than praife it ftoftiiy.

Ben jfon/on,

Co'vKTtY.ac/J. [from court.] Relating or
retaining to the court ; elegant ; foft ;
flattering.

In our own time (excufe (oxne courtly ftrains)
No wliiier paje than Addifjn's remains. Pofe.
Co'uRTLY. Wf . In the manner of courts ;
elegantly.

They can produce nothing fo courtly writ, or
which eiprefies fo much the converfation of a
gentleman, as Sir John Suckling.

DnJen on Dramatici Poetry,

Co'uRTSHiP. n.f. [fromcourt.]

1 . The aft of foliciting favour.

He paid his co:/rifhip with the crcwd, , .
As far as niod;-Jl pride allow'd. Sn<\ft,

2. The felicitation of a woman to mar-

riage.

Be merry, and employ ypur chlcfeft thoughts
To ccurftiip, and fucli fair oftent? of love.
As rtiall conveniently brcnme yoj there.

Shakejf tare's Merchant of Venke.
In tedious eour'Jhif we dcclari- our pain,
• And ere we fcindncls find, firft meet difdain.

Vryden's Indian Emfercr,

Every man in the time oi court/hip, and in the

firft entrance of martiage, puts on a behaviour like

my corrcfpondent*s holiday fuit. Addifon's Guard,

3. Civility; elegance of manners.

My cour:Jhip to an uiiiverlity.
My modcrty I give to foldierr haie j
My patience to i gamcfter's (hare. Demii.

CO'USIN. n./. {cotiftn, Fr. con/angtiincus,

Lat.]
I. Any one collaterally related .iiore re-
motely than a brother or fitter.

Mncbeth unfcam'd him.
O valiant eoufin ! worthy gei.tkm^n ! Shakefpierr.

Tybalt, my co'/in ! O my brother's child 1
Unhappy light ! alas, the iil .od is fp li'd
Of my dear kinfman. Sbjk'Ip. Riv^en and 'Juliet.

Th'^u art, great lord, my father "i filler's (on.
And aiifn gcrman to C'ca; Priam's I'rd.

Shakti'f art's Tniui aKdCrJfida.

i. A title given by tiie king to a noble-
man, particularly to thofe of the council.
COW. n. /. [in the plural anciently kiiie,
or krtn, now commonly ccvis ; cu. Sax.
/{oc, Dutch.] The female of tlie bull.;
the horned auiraal with cloven feet, kept
for her milk and calves.

Wc fee that the liorns of oxen and c«ws, for
the moft p.iit, arc larger th;\n-tlie bull's; whith is
cjulfd by abundance of moirture, which in the
horns of the bull i.^ileth. Baicn.

After the lever is diminished, ad'es and g >a:s
milk may be neciiTafy ; yt.i, a diet nf «wj milk
alone. hy.man^i Surgery.

Then, leaving in the fields bis.gtaxii* cctvt,
He fought himlelf fome ho pi table houfe :
Oood Cretan cntc-laia'd his j^odlike gueft.

Vryd.n's Fable!,

To

cow

To Cow. V. a. [from coward, by contrac-
tion.] To deprefs with fear ; to opprefs
with habitual tim' lity.

Macduff' was from his mother's womb

Untimely ripp'd.

Accurfcj be that tongue that tells me foj
For it hatjj cmxi'd my better part of man.

Shdhffcart' i Machtth.

By rcafon of their frequent revolts, they have

drawn upon themfclves the preflures of w«r fa

often, that it fccm;» to have fomcwiiat co^urd their

fyirits. Htrjid'iVocalForep,

For when men by their wives are ccfiv^d,

' Tlieir horns of courfc are underltood. Uudihras.

'Cow- HERD. fi./. [ceTU, and hypfe. Sax. ^
keeper.] One whofe occopation is to
tend cows.

Cow-HOUSE. ft, f. [ffltu and houfc.'\ The
hoafe in which kine are kept.

You mull houlc your milch-cows, that you give
hay te, in yjur nrM-bnuU all night. Mertmrr,

Cow-LEECH. n. /. [ca'M and htch."] One
who profeffes to cure diftempered cow«.

To Cow-leech, v. ». To profefs to cure
Cows.

Though there are many pretenders to the art of
fanieting and efw-lrtciing, yet many of tlicm art
very ignorant, efpeciaJiy in the country.

M'yrtimer^s Hujhjndry,

Cow-weed. n. f. [cow and njntui.^ A

fpecies of chervil.
Cow-wheat, n. /. \ccnj13 vAfuheat.^ A

plant.
CO'^VARD. »./. [couarJ, Fr. of uncertain

derivation.]

1. A poltroon ; a wretch whofe predomi-
nant paflion is fear.

Pyroclcs did fuch wonders, beyond belief, as was
able to lead Mufidnrus to courage, though he had
been born a cnvard, SiJ/sH,

There \a3s a loldier that vaunted, before Julius
Carfar, of the hurts he bad received in hii facii.
Czlar, knowing him to be but a cKosrd, rold hia).
You were beft take heed, next time you run away,
how you look bjck. Bacoif.

Some are brave one day, and cvtoards iputher,
as great captains iiave often told me, from their
own experience and obfervation. Timpli.

A citvard docs not always efcape with difgrace,
but fometimesallb he lofes his life. Smti.

Tremble ye not, oh frieads ! and ctmjrdi Ry,
Doom'd.by (he ilern Telcmacbus tp die !

Pe;e't Odijty.

2. It is fometimes ufed in the mariner of
an adjcclive.

Havmg mote man than wit about me, I drew ;
And rais'd the houfe with loud and cvmari cries.

Sbitkfjpeart.

Invading fears repel my reward ]oy.
And ills firefecn the prel'ent blifi deilroy. Prior.

Co'wARDicE. «./, [(torn cmuarJ.] Fear;
habitual timidity ; pufillanimity ; want
of courage.

Certes, Sir kr.ight, ye been too much to blame,
Thus for to blot tlic l;rnonr of the dead ;
And with foul ccnuardice his carcafe fhame,
Whofe living hands immoiutiz'd Jus name.

Fairy Sltteu.

Gallant and fcarlefi courage will turn Into a
na'.ive and hcrolck valour, and make tht-m h^te
the ««ar</;«of doirg vr"- ■. '^■'■?i on Education.

None was dif^rac'd ; , „^ fliame,

Ar.d nvftrdiit alone 1« i

The wnt'ioua knight is fi„.Ti tl.e faddle thrown,
But 'tis the fault of fortune, not hh owiu

. Dry Jin': Fjbltt.

This great, this holy, this terrible Being, i . pi.7-
frnt to all our tfkOAom; f-.-ej evefy tr«ichero<is
Inclination of our heart to def-rt bis frrvice ; and
treafures up, itgalnft the day of hia utraih, the fe-
«tet ifuiardin which iictcr3 uj ftem afftitijig bis

COW

caufe, which prevails on us to compliment thr
vices of the great, to applaud the libertine, :ind
laugh v/ith theprophane. Rsg^n's Sermon!,

Co'WARPLINESS. n. /. [{toju cotuatiii!).]
Timidity ; cowardice.

Co'wARDLV, ad/, [from cmvefrd."]

1. Fearful; timorous; pufillanimous.

An Egyptian foothfayer made Antonius believe
that his genius, otherwife brave and confident, was
in theprefence of Oflavius poor and cnvard/y.

Bacon's Natural Hi/lory.

2, Mean ; befitting a coward ; proceeding
from fear.

I do find it cowardly and Vile,
For fejr of what might f/fl, fo to prevent
The time of life. Shaktjfcare'i Julius Ctrfar.

Let all fuch as can enlarge their cttnlcicnces like
hell, and ftyle a cc-ujardly (ilence in Chrift's caui'c
difcretion, know, that Ciiriil wilt one day fcorn
them. Stutht

Co'wARDLY. ad'v. In the manner of a
coward ; ineaniy ; vilely.

H« (hitf ly reproved thcra as men of np courage,
who had moft cnoardly turned their backs upon
their enemies. KkzIUs,

Co'wARDSHip. n.f. [from c<i'warJ.'\ The
character or qualities of a coward ;
meannefs ; a word not now in ufe.

A very paltry boy, and more a coward than a
hare : his dllhonefty appears in leaving his friend
here in neccfTity, and denying him ; and for his
tywardjhif, aflt Fabian. Shukcfpeare.

To Co'wER. 'V. 71. [civrrian, Welfh ;-
tcurier, Fr. Or perhaps borrowed from
the manner in which a coiu finks on Jier
knees.] To fink by bending the knees ;
to ftoop ; to Ihrink.

Let the pail be put over the man's hfad above

water, then he cower dawa, and the pail be pre/Ted

down with him. Bacm.

The fplitring rocks co^o'r'd in the (Vnking fanda,

And would not dalh me svith their ragged fides.

Staifffieere.
As thus he fpake, each bird add beaft beheld.
Approaching two and two ; thefe c</iv'ring low
With bUndifhment, eaclibird floop'd on his wing.

Afi/toti.
Our dame (its cnv'ring o'er a kitchen fire;
I draw frefli air, and nature's works admire. Dryd.
Co'wisH. adj. [from To cow, to awe.]
Timorous ; fearful ; mean ; pufillani-
mous ; cowardly. Not in uie.
It is the ccnuijh terrour of his fpirit.
That dares not undertake ; he'll not feci wrong.
Which tie him to an anfwer. Shakiff. King Lear.
Co'w KEEPER, n./. \_ctnu and keefer.\ One
whofe bufmel's is to keep cows.

The terms ctnukceper and hogherd are not to be
ufed in our poetry ; but there are ao finer worjs
in the Greek language.. Broome.

COWL. », /. [cujle, Saxon ; cucullui,
Latin.]

1. A monk's hood.

You may imagine that Francis Cornfield did
fcratch his elbow, when he had fwcetly invented,
to fignify hi: name, faint Francis with his fricry
few/ in a cornfield. Cair-dHn.

What differ more yon cry, than crown and co^c! f
I'll till you, friend, a wife man and a fool. Fife.

2. [Perhaps from coo/, conler, a veflel in
which hot liquor is fet to cool.] A veflel
in which water is carried on a pole be-
tween two,

CowL-sTAFP. »./ [fctu/andy?/?^] The
ftaff on which a veflel is fupported be-
tween two men.

Mounting him upon a cnsl-Jlaff,
Which (tolling him fomethicg hijh)
He apprchcoUed to be Pegatusi Snikliig-

COY

The way by a cctvl-J!aff\s fafer ! the ItafT muft
have a bunch in the middle, fomewhatwcdgc-like>
and "covered with a foft bolfter. }Vi(tmant

Co'wSLip. n.f. [faralyjis ; cu)-hppe. Sax.
as fome think, from their refemblance
of fcent to the breath of a cow ; perhaps
from growing much in pafture grounds,
and o'ten meeting the cciv's /;/.]

Cotvjlip is alfo called pagil, grows wild in the
meadows, and is a fpecies of primrofe. Miller^

He might as well fay, that a ecwjlif is a$ white
as a lily. Sidney^

Where the bee fucks, there fuck I ;
In a coivfitf's bell I lie. Shakeffeare's Temp^^

Thy little fons
Permit to range the paf^ures : gladly they
Will mow the cowyj/f polies, faintly fweet. Philips,

Cows-LUNGWoRT. ti. /, A fpecies of

Mullein.
Coxcomb, n.f. [cock and f»«^, corrupted

from cock'i cornl>.^j

1. The top of the liead.

As the cockney did to the eels, when fhe put
them i' the party "live ; (he rapt them o' th' cox-.
comhs with a Aick, and cried, down, wantons^
down ! Sbahfpeare's King hear,

2. The comb refembling that of a cock,
which licenfed fools wore formerly in
their caps.

There, tal e my coxcomb : why, this fellow has
baniflied two of his daughters, and did the third a
blcfling againft his will : it' thou follow him, thou
muft needs wear my coxcomb. Shakejpeare,

3. A fop ; a fuperficial pretender to
knowledge or accomplilhments.

1 fent to her,
By this fame coxcotub that we have i' th' wind,
Tokens and letters, which fhe did refend. Sbakefp,

1 Icorn, (juoth (he, thou coxcomb lilly,
Quarter or council from a foe. HucTtbras.

It is a vanity for every pretending coxcomb to
make himfclf one of the party ItiU with hia
betters. VEJhrange,

They tn'crflowed with fmart repartees, and were
only diflinguiihed from the intended wits by being
called coxcombs, though they dcferved not io fcan-
dalous a name. Dryden,

Some arc bewilder'd in the maze of fchools.
And fome made coxcombs, nature meant but fools.

Pope,

4. A kind of red flower.
Coxco''micai-. adj. [from coxcomi."] Fop-

pifli ; conceited : a low word, unworthy
of ufe.

Bccaufe, as he was a very natural writer, and
they were without prejudice, wit'nout prepolTeflion,
without affeilaiioii, and without the influence of
coxcomica/, feiifclefs cabal, they were at liberty to
receive the imprefnons whicli tilings naturally made
on their minds. Dennis,

COY. adj. [coi, French ; from quietus,
Latin.]

1. Modeft ; decent.

JaCon is as ccy as is a maide ;
He loi/ked pitcoufly, but iiou)>bt he faid. Chjuetr,

2, Referved ; not accefiible ; not eaiily
condefcending to familiarity.

And Vain delight Ihe faw he light did pafs,
A foe of folly and rmmodeft toy ;
Siill folcn.n hi, or ftill difdainful cty, Spevfcr,

Like Hhcebus fung the no lefs am'rous boy :
Like Daphne fhe, a:' lovely and as coy. Walter,
At this fcafon every Imile of the fun, like the
f.-nile of a coy tady, is asi dear as it is uncommon.

Pope,
The Nile's cot fource. Graingir.

To Cov. IT. n, [from the adjeftive.]
I . To behave with referve ; to rejeft fa-
miliarity.

What, coying it again I
No more ; but make me nappy to tny gufl-,
Th»t U, wirhuiit youf ftf iSgling. Pryd, K, Jirthtir.

Kctircl

c o z

-Rrtire ! I beg yon, leave me.— — «
—Thus to CO] it !
With one who knows you too ! ^viot^i y. Shore*

2. To make difficulty ; not to condefcend
willingly.

If he csy'J
To hear Comioius fpeak, I'll keep at home.

Shaiefprare*t Cvriohnus.

y*(7 Coy. <v.a. [for dtay.'^ To allure. Not
in ufe.

I'll mouatebank their tores,
Cny their liearts from them, and come honiG be-
loved
Of all the trades in Rome. Shahfp.Corktamt.
Co'v/.Y. adv. [from coyJ] With referve ;
with difincliaation to familiarity.

This iui, his hand he ccyly fnatch'd away
From forth Anttnous* hand. Chapman^ sOdy [fry.

Co'vNESs. »,/. [fromcoy.'l Refervej un-
willingaefs to become familiar.

When the fun hath warmed the earth and water,
three or four male carps will follow a female ;
and <he putting on a Teeming cynift, they force her
through weeds and flags. ffalton.

Wbcft the kind nymph would coymft feign.
And hides but to be found aga'n. Drydcn.

Co'ystrel. n.f. A fpecies of degenerate
hawk.

One they might truft, their common wrongs to
wreak :
The mufquet and the coyflrtl were too weak,
Too fierce the falcon. Dryiln'i Hind and Pjnibcr.

Coz. n. f. A cant or familiar word, con-
tra^ed from coufin.

Be merry, ax ; fince fudden forrow
Serves to fay thus, fame good thing comes to-
morrow. Shatefpturi.

To CO'ZEN. -v. a. [To co/e is in the old
Scotch dialeft, as Junius obferves, to
chop or change ; whence cozen, to cheat ;
bccaufe in iuch< traffick there is com-
monly fraud.] To cheat ; to trick ; to
defraud.

Let the queen pay never fo fully, let the mufter-
mafter view them never fo diligently, let the de-
puty or general look to them never fo exaflly, yi^t
they Cin ccxin them all. Sptvf-r.

Coring loved no man fo well but that he would
ccxcn him, and expofe him to publick m'rth for
having been «r<«,/. Ctarei.dov,

He thjt fjffcrt a government to be abufcd by
oreldTnefs or negkdt, does the fame thing with
iu^i that maliciouHy and corruptly fcts himl'cif to
«*'» it. L'FJIrangc.

You are not obliged to a literal belief of what
the poet fays ; but you arc pleafcd with the image,
without be ng cuiuiud by the fifHon. Diyden.

What if 1 picafe to lengthen out his date
A day, and take a pride to rtzfa/ate.

Dryden'i jiureitgxehe.

Children maybe ccKcr.rd'mto a knowledge of the
letters, and be taught to read, without perceiving
it to be any thing but a fport. Lstkt on Education.

Co'zENACE. n.f. [ham coxen.'] Fraud;
deceit ; artifice ; fallacy; trick; cheat;
the pradicc of cheating.

They fay this town is full of ctxtnage.
As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye,
Difguifed chratcts. Shahfptarc.

Wildom without honefty is meer craft aiid ccx-
tntgf ; and t!;erefore the reputation ofhoneftymiift
fittt be gotten, which cannot be but by living well :
a good lite is a main argument. Bi.ii ytinf, Dijc.
There's no fuch thing at that we beauty call.
It is mecr roxrnage all ;
For thiiugh fomc long ago
Lik'd certain colours mingled fo and fo,
Tiiat doth not tic me now from chufing new.

Suckling.

Imaginary appearances offer themfelvcs to our

impatient minds, which entertain thefe countcr-

• .fcitSi vrithoul the lead fufpicion of their coxinagt.

GhiivUlc'', Si'fjit.

C R A

Strange rw'rr«{e .' none would live paA yttrs
again.
Vet all hope pleafure in v.lnt yet remain;
And from the dregs of lite think to receive
What the firft fprightly lunning could not give.
Dryjn'i jlaaai^zih.
But all thefe are trifles, if we confider the fraud
and cmunage of trading men and (bopkeepcrs.

Swi/f.

Co'zENER. «./ ffrom cexen.l Acheater;
a defrauder.

Indeed, Sir, there ire .eaentrs abroad, and
tlierefore it behoves mcr. to be wary.

Sbekcfjfxare's Winter's Tate.

CRAB. «. / [cpabba. Sax. iraiie, Dut.

1. A cruftaceous fi.(h.

Thofc that ca!l their (hell are, the lobfter, the
crah, \\\z crawlilh, the hodniandad or doiman,
and th^ tortfife. The old (hells are never found ;
fo as it is like they fcale off and crumble away by
degree:.. Bacon's Natural Hijiory,

The fox catches rrai fifh with his tail, which
Olaus Magnus faith he himfelf was an eye-witnefs
of. Derham.

2. A wi'.d apple ; the tree that bears a
wild apple.

Noble (Vock
Was graft with rrrfi-tree flip, whofe fruit thou art.

Sbakejfeme.

Fetch me a doeen rrai-trce (taves, and itning
ones i thefe are but fwitches. Sbak. Henry Vlll.

When roalted crabs hifs in the bowl.
Then nightly fings the (l-iring owl. Sbaktffeare.

Tell why a graft, taking nouri(hmcnt from a
erah (lock, (hall have a fruit mote nibble than its
nurfc arid parent. .. ■ ^aykr.

3. A peevifh morofe perfon". •

4.. A wooden engine with three claws for
launching of Ihips, or heaving them in-
to the dock P/jillifs:

5. The fign in the zodiack.

Tlien p.irts the Twins and C/ai, the Dog divides,
And Argo's keel, that broke the frothy tides.

Crcccb.

Crab. adj. It is ufed by way of contempt
for any four or degenerate fruit ; as, a
crab cherry, a crab plumb.

Better gleanings their worn foil can boaft
Than the crab vintage of tlie neighb'ring ciall.

Dryden.
Cra'bbed. adj. [from crab.]

1 . Peevifli ; moroie ; cynical ; four.

A man of years, yet frelh, as more appear.
Of fwarth complexion, and o{ crabbed hue,
That him full of melancholy d.d £icw. , Sfenfcr.

O, (he is
Ten times more gentle, than her father's crabbed;
And he's compcfed of hatlhncls. Sbak,Tc»ifeJi,

2. Harlh ; unpleafmg.

Tliat was when
Three crabbed months had four'd chemfeivcs to

death,
Ere I could make thee open thy white han(<,
And clepe thyfclf my love. iihak. Winter's Tale.

How charming is divine philofophy 1
Not har(h and crabbed, as dull (iools fuppofe.
But mulical as is Apollo's lute.
And a perpetual feaft of neftar'd fweets, '
Where no crude furfeit reigns. Mi/ltn.

3. Diflicult ; perplexing.

BcBde, he w<u a (hrewd philofophcr,
And haJ read ev'ry text and glofs over }
Whatc'cr the crabbidrjl author hath.
He undcrllool b' implicit faith. Hudibrai.

Lucretius h!td chol'en a fubje^ naturally rru^'^i^.

Dryden.

Your crabbed rogues that read Lucretius
Are againft gods, you kuow. Prior.

Cra'bbedly. adv., [from crabbed. "^ Pee-

viflily ; morofely ; with perplexity.
Cra'bbedness. It./. [ixQfa (raibed.'\
I , Sournefs of tafte.

C R A

2. Sournefs of countenance; afperitj' of
manners.

3. Difficulty; perplexity.

Crabber, n. f.

The poor (i(h h«ve enemies enough, befide fuch
unnatural ti(hermen as otters, the cormorant, and
the crabtr,, which fomc call the warer-rat.

fValton's Angler t

Cr abs-eyes. «. /. Whitifh bodies, round-
ed on one fide, and deprefled on the
other, heavy, moderately hard, and
without fmell. They are not the eyes
of any creature, nor do they belong to
the crab, but are produced by the conv-
mon crawfiih ; the flones are bred in
two feparate bags, one on each fide of
the ilomach. They are alkaline, ab-
forbcnt, and in fome degree diuretick.

Hill.

Several {lerfona had, in vain, endeavoured to
{lore themfelves with crabs-eyes. Bcyie^

CRACK. ». / [kraeck. Dutch.]

1. A fudden difruption, by which the
parts are feparated but a little way from
each other.

2. The chink, filFure, or vacuity made by
difruption ; a narrow breach.

Contufions, when great, do ufiially produce a
filTure or cr/ick of the (kuU, cither in the fame p.'irt
where the blow was indited, or in the contrary
part. ffiJemtLi.

At length it would crack in many places ; and

thofe cracks, as they d;l;Ued, would appear of a

pretty good, but yet obfcure and dark, (ky-coloor.

Nnuton's Opticks,

3. The found of any body buriling or fil-
ing.

It I fay footh, I muft report they were
As carAnons overcharg'd with double cracks,

Sbakcfpeare's Macbeth^
Now day appears, and with the d.ny the king,
Whofe early care had robb'd him of his reft :

Far oft' the cracks of falling houfes ring.
And (bricks of fubjefls pierce his tender bread.

Dryden.

4. Any fudden and quick found.

A fourth ? — ftart eye !
, What will the line ftrctch out to th' crack of d*om ?

Shake/peare.
Vulcan was employed in hammering out thun-
derbolts, that every now and then (lew up from the
anvil with dreadful cracks and fla(hes. ^^iddi/cn,

5. Change of the voice in puberty.

And let us, Paladour, though now our voices
Have got the maniii(h cratk, (ing him to th'
ground. Sbake/pearc

6. Breach of chaftity.

1 cannot
Believe this cmck to be in my dread midrcfs,
So fovcrcignly being honourable. Sbak.fyint.TaU*

7. Crazincfs of intelle£l.

8. A man crazed.

I hive invented projeAs for railing mMlions,
without barthening the fubjeft ; but cannot get
the parliament to lillen to me, who look upon me
as a crack and a projeftor. AddijMt

9. A whore, in low language.

10. A boaft.

Lcafmgs, backbitings, and vain-glorious (rjcks.
All tliofe agaiiift that fort did bend their batteries.

Spenfer.

1 1 . A boaller. This is only in low phrafe.
Te Crack, -v. a. [iraecien, Dutch.]

I. To break into chinks; to divide the
parts a little from each other.

Look to your pipes, and cover them with frelh
and warm litter out of the iiablr, a good thick-
nefs, iett the ttoft ir«f* them. Mortimer,

«. To

^c%

X

2. To break ; to fplit.

O, madam, my heart is track' J, it's crack' J.

Shakcj^care,

Thou wiltquaAl with a man for cracking nu:s,
having no other reafon but becaufe thou haft hazel
ey«. _ _ Siakfffeare,

Should fome wild fig-tree take her nativefient.
And heave below the gaudy monument.
Would craci the marble titles, and difpcrfc
The charjfters of all the lying verfc. DryJ. Juv.

Or a« a lute, which in moift weather rings
Her knc'.l alone, by cracking of her ftrings. Dontie.

Honour is like that glally bubble.

That finds philofophert fuch trouble ; ■

.Whofe-leail pajt crack' d, the whole docs fly, '

And wits are cracked to find out viiiy. Htdibrai.

J. To do any thing with quickneis or

fmartnefs.

Six Balaam now, he lives like other folks;
He takes his chirping pint, he crackt his jokes.
T" L Pope.

4. Tq break or deftroy any thing.

You'll crack a quart together \ Ha, will ysju not ?
■ • Sb^kijptare,

LovecooU, fiiendfliip falls off, brothers divide:
.10 dtici, mutinies; in countrUs, difcord ; in pa-
laces, treafon ; and the bond cracktd'x\l\t.\. fm and
father. Shaktjfc^rt't King Lear.

5. To craze ; to weaken the intelleft.

I was ever of opinion, that the philofopher's
Aone, and an holy uar, were but the rendezvous
of cracked brains, that wore their feather in their
heads. Bac':ns Hcty War.

He thought none poets till their brains were
crackl. Rofccmmon.

To Crack, v. n.

t. To burrt ; to open in chinks.

. By miiforiune \tcrackrd\n the cooling, whereby
we were reduced to make ufe of one part, which
Was ftmight and intire. Bylc.

2. Tp ftll to ruin.

The i.^dit not only ofbankj,butof exchequers,
cracki when little comes in, and much goes out.

Drydcn.

3. To nttPr a loud and fudden found.

I vrili bDard her, though Ihc chixle as loud
As thunder, when the clouds in autumn crack.

, Hhakcfpeare.

4. To boaft : with of.

To look like her, ate chimney.fwcepcrs black.
And fince her time are colliers counted bright,

And Ethiops cf their fwret complexion crack :
Dark needs no candles now, for dark is light.

Shahfpearc.
Crack-brained, adj. [crack and iraJn-
"^ Crazy; without right reafoa.

We have fent you an anfwer to the ill-grounded
fophifms of th fe crack-trained fellows.

j4i butbnol and Poft.

Crack-hemp. n.f. [crack and hemp.] A
wretch fated to the gallows ; a crack -
rope : ftn-cifer.

Come hither, <rack-bttnp
J hope 1 may chufe. Sir.
^Coinc hither, yna rogue:
What, have you forgot me ?
. ^ Shai'fpeari'i Taming tftht Shrew.

Crack-rope. n.f. [craci mA ropt.] A

fellow that deferves hanging.
Cra'cker. n.f. [hom crack.]

1. A noify boafting fellow.

Vihu cracker is thii fame that dcafs our ears
With this ab indancc of fuferfluous bre.ith (

^buke'peare'lKiigJrhn.

2. A quanuty of gunpowder confined fo as
to burft with great noife.

The bladder, at its breaking, gave a great re.
port, almoft like a cracker. Boyle.

And when, for furious hafte to ran.
They durft not (lay to fire t gun.
Have done 't with bonfires, and at home ,
Ma.V fqu:i;4 and crackers overcome. iudihai.

Vol, I.

C Ti A

Then furious he begins his march,
Drrvet rattling o'er a brazen arch.
With fquibs and crackers arm'd, to throw
Among the trembling crowd below. Sivife.

ToCra'ckle. t;. ». [from craci.] To
make flight cracks ; to make fmall and
frequent noifes ; to decrepitate.

All thefe motions, which we faw,
Are but as ice which crackles at a thaw. Dcnne.

I fear to try new l.jve,
As boys to venture on the unknown ice
That crackles underneath them. Dryjen^

Caught herdilbcveli'd hair and rich attire;
Her croivn.and jL-wels crackled in the fire. .

Drydens Mne'id.

Marrow is a fpeciSck in that fcurvy which oc-

cafions a crackling of the bones ; in which cafe'

marrow performs its natural funftion of moiHen-

ing them. jfrhsilbna on Aliments.

Cra'oknbl. n.f. [from crack.] A hard
brittle cake.

Albee my love he feek with daily futi,
His clownilh gifts and curtefics I difJain,
His kids, his cracknels, and his early fruit. Spenjcr.

Pay tributary cracknels, whith he fells ;
And with our oi^'crings help to T-a>i> liis vai's.

Drydcn' s Juvertl.

CRA'DLE. n.f. [cnabel, Saxon.]
I . A moveable bed, on which children or
fick perfons are agitated with a fmooth
and equal motion, to make them fleep.

She had indeed, Sir, a fon fir her cradle, ere /he
had a huiband for her beJ. Shakefp. King Lear.

No jutting frieze,
Euttrice, nor coigat of vantage, but this bird
Hath made his pendant bed and ptocreant credit.

Shake// eare.

His birth, perhaps, [<tme paltry village hides.
And fets his cradle out of fortune's way. Diydtn.

A child knows Iiis nurfe and his cradle, and by
degrees l;hc playthings of a little more advanced
'S<^- Locke.

The cradle and the tomb, alas, fo nigh !
To live is fcarce diftinguifli'd from to die. Prior.

Me let tl)c tender oliice long engage.
To rock the cradle of repofing age;
With lenient arts extend a mother's breath.
Make languor fmile, and fmooth the bed of death.

Pcft.

2. It is ufed for infancy, or the firft part
of life.

He knew them to be inclined altogether to war,
and therefore wholly trained them up, even from
their cradles, in arms and military excrclfcs.

Speafer's Ireland.

The new duke's daughter, her coufin, loves

her i being ever, from their cradles, bred together.

Sbakefpeare't ylsyou like it.

They diould fcarcely depart from a form of
worfhip, in which they had been educated from
their cradle. Clarcrdcn.

3. [With furgeons.] A cafe for a broken
bone, to keep off preliure.

4. [Withfliipwrights.] A frame of timber
raifed along the outfide of a lliip by the
bulge, ferving more fecurely and com-
modioufly to help to launch her. Harris.

To Cra'dle. t/;(7. [from the fubftantive.]
To lay in a cradle; to rock in a cradle.

He that hath been craciltd in ni.ijelly, will not
leave the throne to play with bcggara.

planvillc's .^ptlhnius.

The tears ileal from oiir<\c8, when in the llrtet
With fome betrothed vir^iii's bcrfe wc nsect; • •
Or infant's fun'ral, from the chcitcd woinb
Convey'd to carthj and craiUcd in a tomb, ^lyjen.

He (hall be cradled in tiiy ancient (hield, '((j^s.
mous through the univerlitics. Arluthnm ..n,! Pope.

Cradle-clot HIS. n, /. [irom cradle
and clothes.] Bcd-clothes belonging to
a crudjc.

C R A

O could it be prov'd
Tliat fome night-tripping fairy had excKing^d,
In cradle-clcaths, our children, v;heie they lay.
And call mine Percy, his Plantagenet;
Then would I have his Harry, and he mine. Shak.

CRAFT. >i.f. [cjaspt. Sax. crefi, in old
Welih.]

1. Manual art; trade.

I hear an objedlion, even from fome v,-ell-mean-
ing men, that thefe delightful crafts may be divey
ways ill applied in a land. Wotton's Architeaute.

2. Art ; ability ; dexterity.

A poem is the work of the poet; poefy is his
(kill or craft of making, llie very (iftion itfelf of
the work. £„, Je«j'.n.

3. Fraud ;, cunning ; artifice.

Th' offence is h"ly that (he hath committed;
-And this deceit lofes the name oi craft.
Of difobcdience, or unduteous t.tie. Shakejfeare.

This gives us a full view of wonderful ait and
craft in raifing fuch a ilruilure of [ower and ;ni-
S"ify- Altjfe.

4. Small failing veflels.

Ti Craft, 'v. n. [from the noun.] To
play tricks ; to praftife artifice. Now
out of ufe.

You *ve made fair hands.
You and your crafts! You 'vc <ra/;irf fair.

Shakej'pcare's Coriolanus.
Cra'ftily. adv. [from crafty.] Cun-
ningly ; artfully ; with more art tjiaa
honelly.

But that which mod impaired his credit,.was
the common report that he did, in all t'niigs, la-
voi'r the Chrillinns ; and had, for thiit cjui'e,'
craftily perfuaded Solyman to take in hand che
unfortunate Perfian war. XnsUes.

May he not craftily infer

The rules of fricndlhip too fevere,

Which chain him to a hated tnift ;
Which make him vvrctclicd to be jurt ? Prior.
Cra'ftiness. n.f. [i:rom crafty.] Cun-
ning ; flratagem.
He tjketh the wife in their ov.n craftinefs. Joh.
Cra'ftsman. «./. [craft &v\d ffian.] An
artificer ; a manufacturer; a mechanick.

That her became, as polifii'd ivory.
Which cunning craftjman'% hand hath ovijrlaid
With fjir vermilhon. Ste'nfer.

What reverence he did throw away on (laves.
Wooing poor crafljrr.en with the craft of fmilcs.

Sbaktfviare.
What a refembtance this advice carries "to the
oration of Demetrius to his tellow crafjmcn!

Decay of Piety.
Cra'ftsmaster. n.f. [craft and majier.]
A man flcilled in his trade.

He is not his crafifmajla; he doth not do it
"&}!'• . Shahjpeart.

There is art In pride; a man might as foon

learn a trade. Thofc wlio wne Hot brought up to

it, feldom prove their craffnujler. Ccllieron Pride.

Cra'fty. adj.^[hova craft.] Cunning;

artful ; full of artifices j fraudulent ; fly.

Nay, you may think my love was cra/'ty love.
And call it cunning. Shuicfpeare's Kmg Jftu.

This oppreffinn did, of force .ind nc „ity
mcke the Iri(h a crafty people; for fv.J„ as a're op!
prclicd, and live in (lavery, iirirver put to their
"""'; ^ . Da-viesonleland.

Before he came ;„ fight, the crafty god
His wings dififlifs'd, but ftill rctaiii'd his rod.

• i I Dryden.

_.»* body was ever fo cunning as to conceal their
being fo; and every body is (hy and diflruftful of
crafty men. 2,„^,,

CRAG, n.f

I. Crag is, in Britifli, a rough fteeprock;
and is ufed in the fame ieak in the
northern counties at this day. Gibfoa.
3 K i, Th«

C R A

C R A

C R A

il. The rugged protuberances of rocks.

And as moxint Etna vomits fulphur ouC|
With clifo o<' burning tragi, and fire and (Vnolc;.

Fairfax.

Who hath difposM, but thoUi the winding way,
Where fprings down from the fteepy crags do heat.

A lion fpicd a goat upon 'the crag of a h'gh
rPck. VEfirargt.

3. The neck.

Thcj- looken bigge, as bulls that been bate,
And bcaren the crag fo ftiff and fo ftate. Sftnfir.

4. The fmall end of a neck of mutton : a
low word.

C R a'g c E D. adj. [from crag.^ Full of in-
equalities and prominences.

On a huge hill,
Craggcd and H»ff, truth (lands. Crajhaiv.

C R a'c c e d n e ss. n./. [from craggtd.'\ Ful-
nefs of cr.igs or prominent rocks.

The craggcdntfi or llecpnefs of that mountain,
maketh many parti of it in a manner inaccelTiblc.

Brcmviod-

Cra'cginess. »./. \JTom craggy. 1 The

ftate of being craggy.
Cra'cgy. adj. [from crag.'\ Rugged;

full of prominences ; rough to walk on,

or climb.

That fame wicked wight
His dwelling has low in .in hollow cave.
Far undrrncath a craggy clift ypighr.
Dark, dolffu!, dreary, like a greedy grave. Sj>cnfer.
It wai imp^lfibU Co pals up the woody and
flaggy bills, without the iofs of thcfe commanders.
Raliigt's EJ/ays.
Mountaineers that from Severws came,
And fiom the craggy clitt's of Tetrica. DryJen.
The town and republick of St. Marino ftands
on the top of a very high aad craggy mountain.

AddxJ^n cti Italy.

To CRAM. t;. a. [cfiamman, Saxon.]

1. To ftafF; to fill with more than can
conveniently be held.

As much love in rhyme.
As would be crantrn'd up in a fhc^.i of paper,
Writ on both Gdcs the leaf, margent and atl. Shak,

Being thus cratrmtd in the baflcet, a couple of
Ford's knaves were called. Shak. M. W. oflVind.

Thou haft fpoke as if thy eldcrt fon fliould be a
fool, whofe (kull Jove cram with brains.

Shake/peart i lioelftb Night.

Cram not in people by fending too faft company
after company ; but fo as the number may live
well in the planUtion, and not by furcharge be in
penur)-. Bac^n.

2. To fill with food beyond fatiety.

You'd mollify a judge, would cram a fquire;
Or clfe fame fmiles from court you may defire.

King.
I am fure children would be freer from difeafes,
if they were not crammed to much as they are by
fond mothers, and were kept wholly from flefli the
firft three years. Lackt.

As a man may b« eating all day, and, for want
of digeftion, ii never nouriflied ; fo thcfe endlefi
readers may cram themfelves in vain with intel-
Icflual food. ffatts on the Mind.

But Annius, crafty feer,
Catoc cramn'd with capon from where Pollio dines.

Pupc.

3. To thruft sa by force.

Yuu ctam thcfe words into mine ears, againft
The ftnroach of my fcnfe. Sbakrjpiarc's Tcmptft.

Huftcr, quoth Hudibras, this fwird
Sh;iU down thy falfe throat cram that wct<

Fate has crtmm'd us all into one leafe,
And that even now expiring. Dryden's Clamenu

In another printed p.ij)er it i» roundly expreni:d,
tiiat be will trim hit Inaft down out throats.

Sv'ijt-

To Cram. f. a. To eat beyond fatiety.

The godly dame, who flefhty failings damns.
Scolds with her maid, or with her chaplain iramu

Tcfi.

Cra'mbo, n. f. [a cant word, probably

without etymology.] A play at which

one gives a word, to which another finds

3 rhyme ; a rhyme.

So Mxvjus, when he drain'd hit flcuU
To celebrate fome fuburb trull.
His limilies in order let.

And ev'ry cramho he could get. Sivift.

CRAMP. »./ [iramfe, Dutch; crampe,
FreiKh.]

1. A fpafm or contradlion of the limbs,
generally removed by warmth and rub-
bing.

For this, be fure, to-night thou (halt havecr<i»i/>i,
Side-ditches tliat (hall pen thy breath up.

Sbakfjptare' I Tcmptfl.

In a retreat he outruns any Uojuey ; marry, in
coming on, he has the cramp. Siaktfpcarc.

The cramp cometh of contraAion of fmcws ;
which is manifed, in that it cometh either by cold
or drynefs. Bacon's NaturjIHifliry,

Hares, faid to live on hemlock, do not make
good the tradition ; and he that obferves what
vertigoes, cramps, and convulfions follow thereon,
in thcfe animals, will be of our belief.

Bryivn's Vulgar Errcurs.

2. A redridlion; confinement; obftruc-
tion ; (hackle.

A nairow fottune is a cramp to a great mind,
and lays a man under incapacities of ferving his
friend. L'EJlr.ir:^e.

3. A piece of iron bent .it each end, by
which two bodies are held together.

To the uppermoft of thcfe there (hould be faf.
tened a (harp graple, or cramp of iron, which may
be apt to take hold of any place where it lights.

JTMrts.

Cramp, adj. Difficult; knotty: a low

term.
To Cramp, -v. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To pain with cramps or twitches.

When the ^ojUraSed limbs were cramp'd, ev'n
tliea
A wateri(h humour fwcil'd, and ooz'd again.

Dryden's I'ir^iu

2. To reftrain ; to confine ; to obftruft ;
to hinder.

It is impolTible to conceive the number of in-
conveniencies that will enfue, if b»rrowing be
cramped. ^acui.

There are few but find that fome companies be-
numb and cr.tmp them, fo that in them they can
neither fpeak nor do any thing that is handfome.
Glam-iiU't Scepjis.

He who ferves has ftill reftraints of dread upon
his fpirits, which, even in the midft of aflion,
crairps and ties up his aciivity. Soatb's Samons.

Dr. Hammjnd loves to contrail and cramp the
frnfe of prophecies. Burnet's Ttcry.

The antiquaries are for cramping their fubjcds
into as narrow a fpace as they can, and for reducing
the whole extent of a fcience into a few general
maxims. Mdifon m Italy.

Marius ufed al^ endeavours for depre(ring the
nobles, and railing the people, particularly for
cramping the former in their power of judicature.

Shiift,
Ko more
Th" expanfive atmofphere is cramp'd with cold,
Bat full of life, and vivifying foul,

Tbcmfoni Spring.

^. To bind with crampirons.
Cra'mpfish. n./. [from cramp and /J/j.]

The torpedo, which benumbs the hands

of tliofc that touch it.
Cra'mpiron. «./. [from fr«/w/ and ;>«».]

See Cramp, isaie }.

Cr a'nace. »./ [cranaglum, low Latin.]
A liberty to ufe a crane for drawing up
wares from the veffels, at any creek of
the fea or wharf, unto the land, and to
make profit of it. It fignifies alfo the
money paid and taken for the fame.

Coxvell.

CRANE. »./ [cpan. Sax. iraen, Dutch.J

1. A bird with a long beak.

Like a crane, or a hvailow, fo did I chatter.

If a tab*
That fmall infantry warr'd on by cranes. Miltcti,

2. An inftrument made with ropes, pullies,
and hooks, by which great weights are
raifed.

In cafe the mould about it be fo ponderous 1;
not to be removed by any ordinary force, you may
then raife it with a crane. Mortimer.

Then commerce brought into the publick walk
The bufy merchant, the big warehoufe built,
Rais'd the Acting crane, Thomftrn's Autumr.

3 . A fiphon ; a crooked pipe for drawing
liquors oiit of a cafk.

Cranes-eill. n.f. [from fr«ae and W/.]

1. An herb.

2. A pair of pincers terminadng in a
point, ufed by furgeons.

CRA'NIVM. 71. f. [Latin.] The flcuU.

In wounds made by contulian, when the era-,
nium is a little naked, you ought not prefently to
crowd in dolTils; for if that contufed (jeih be well
digeftcd, the bone will incarn with the wound
without much diHiculty. WifemaiCs Surgery,

CRANK, n.f. [This word is perhaps a
contraftion of crane-neck, to which it
may bear fome refemblance, and is part
of the inftrument called a crane.']

1. A crank is the end of an iron axis
turned fquare down, and again turned
fquare to the firft turning down ; fo that
on the laft turning down a leather thong
ii flipt, to tread the treddle-wheel about.

^oxon,

2. Any bending or winding palTage',

1 fend it through the rivers of your blood.
Even to the court, the heart, to th' feat o' tli' braia ;
And through the cranks and offices of man.
The (IrongclV nerves, and fmall inferiour veins.
From me receive that natural competency.
Whereby they live. Shakejpeare' s CoriolanaU

3. Any conceit formed by twifting or
changing, in any manner, the form or
meaning of a word.

Hafte thee, nymph, and bring with thee
Jelt and youthful jollity.
Quips and cranks, and wanton wiles.
Nods and becks, and wreathed fmiles.
Such as hang on Hebe's cheek.
And love to live in dimple fleck.

Crank, adj. [itooi tnkranci,
Skinner. 1

1. Healthy; fprightly : fomctimes
rupted to cranky. Not in ufe.

They looken b'rgge, as bulls that been bate.
And bearen the crag fo ftiff' and fo ftate
As cockl: on his dunghill crowing cranke. Spenfer,

2. Among failors, a (hip is faid to be
crank, when, by the form of its bottom,
or by being loaded too much above, it
is liable to be ovcrfet. [from kranck,
Dutch, fick.]

To Cra'nkle. -v.' It. [from crank, as it
fignifies fomething bent.] To run in
and out ; to run in flexures and wind>
ings.

Se«

Millcrt.

Dutch.

cor-

C 11 A

C R A

C R A

See Iiow this river comes me tranllhg In,
And cuts me from the beft ot aN my land
A huge half moon, a monftrous cantlc out.

Sbaltffeare'i Henry IV.

^oCra'nkle. v. a. To break into un-
equal furfaces ; to break into angles.

Old Vaga's ftream,
Forc'd by the fudden /hock, her wonted track
Forroolc, and drew her humid train aflope,
Crank/ing her banks. Phillfs.

Cra'nkles. »./ [from the verb.] In-
equalities ; angular prominences.
Cra'nkness. «./. [from frcwi.]

1. Health ; vigour.

2. Difpofition to overfet.
Cra'nnied. adj. [from cranny.'] Full of

chinks.

A wall it is, as I would have you think,
That had ia it a eragnuJ hole ot chink.

Sbakcjfdri;
A very fair fruit, and not unlike a citron ; but
famcwbat rougher chopt and crsrmtdi vulgarly
conceived the marks of Adam's teeth.

Brtytvni VuJgar Ernun,

CRA'NNY. »./ [cren, Fr. crena, Lat.]
A chink ; a cleft ; a fifTure.

The eye of the underftanding is like the eye of
the fcnfc; for as you may fee great objcfts thro'
fmall crannUi or holes, fo you may fee great axioms
of nature through fmall and contemptible in-
llances. Baccit'i Natural lliflur^.

And therefore beat and laid about.
To find a cranny to creep out. lluJilrJS,

In a firm building, the cavities ought not to be
filled with rubbifli, but with brick or ftone, fitted
to the crartnui, DryJcn.

Within the forking of water and fprings, with
ftreams and currents in the veins and crannia.

Burnetii Theory,

He /kipped from room to room, ran up ftairs
and down ftalrs, from the kitchen to the garrets,
and be peeped into every cramy,

jlrtulbmt't John Bull.

Crape, n./. [f^/;?, low Latin.] A thin
fluff, loofely woven, of which the drefs
of the clergy is fometimes made.

And pr'jud Roxana, fir'd with jealous rage,
With fifty yards of craft (hall fwcep the ftage.

Swift.

To thee I often call'd in vain,

Againd that ad'aflin in craft, Stvift.

*Tis from high life high charaOcrs are drawn {

A faint in crafi is twice a faint in lawn. Pofe,

Cr-*'pulence. n. f. \crapula, a furfeit,
Lat.] Drunkennefs ; ficknefs by intem-
perance. DiSl.

Cra'puloi/s. adj. [crafuk/m, Latin.]
Drunken ; intemperate ; fick with in-
temperance. DU/.

To CRASH. v. n. [a word probably
forAed from the thing. ] To make a
loud complicated noife, as of many
things falling or breaking at once.

There (hall be a great crsjhirg from the hills,

Zrft. 1. 10.
When convulfioni cleave the lab'ring earth,
Before the difmal yawn appear?, the ground
Tremblet and heaves, tlie nodding houfes cra^.

Smith.

7b Crash, v. a. To break or bruife.

My mafler is the great rich Capulet ; and if
you be not of the houfe of Montague, I pray you
come and cra^ a cup of .wine. Sbair/ftarc.

Mr. IVurburton has it, crujh a cup of
•vjine.

To crajh, fays Hanmer, is to be merry ;
a cr^Jh being a word ftill ufed in fome
counties for a merry bout. It is furely
b«tt«r to read cruck. See Crack.

Crash. ». /. [from the verb. J A loud
fudden mixed found, as of many things
broken at the fame time.

Senfclefs Ilium,
Sccm'ng to feel this blow, with flaming top
Stoops to hii baTc ; and, with a hideous crajh.
Takes prifoner Pyrrhus' ear. Shakcff. Hamlet.
Moralizing fat I by the li,iz;ird-table: I looked
upon the uncertainty of richer, the decay of beau-
ty, and the craJh of world!, with as much con-
tempt as ever Plato did. Pcfe.

CRJ'SIS. n. /. [r.^Sia-ti.] Temperature ;
conftitution arifing from the various
properties of humours.

The fancies of men arc fo immediately dlver-
fified by the iuduidual crjjis, that every man owns
fomething wherein none is like him. Glar.vUU.

A man may be naturally inclined to pride, lud,
and anger ; as thefe inclinations are founded in a
peculiar crajit and conditution of the blood and
fpirits, S'^mb.

CRASS, adj. [crnftu, Latin.] Grofs ;
coarfe ; not thin ; not comminuted ; not
fubtle ; not confifting of fmall parts.

Iron, in aquafortis, will fall into ebullition,
with noife and emication ; as alfo a craft and
fumid exhahition, caufed from the combat of the
fulphur of iron with the acid and nitrous fpirits of
aquafortis, Bra^vn^t Vulgar Errours.

Metals are intermixed with the common ter-
redrial matter, fo as not to be difcovcrable by hu-
man induftry ; or, if difcoverable, fo dirl'ufed and
fcattered amongd tlie craj/er and more unprofitable
matter, that it would never be poflible to feparate
ajid cxtraft it. }f^osJ^rarti's Niitural H;fory.

Cra'ssitude. n. /. {crafjitudo, Latin.]
Grofihefs; coarfenefs ; thicknefs.

They mull be but thin, as a leaf, or a piece of
paper or parchment ; for, if they have a greater
crajfiiudt, they will alter in their own body, though
they fpcnd not. Bacon.

The Dead Sea, which vomiteth up bitumen, is

of that crajfiiuile, as living bodies, bound hand and

foot, cafl into it, have been born up, and not funk.

BacoT:'s Natural Hiflory.

The terreftrial matter carried by riven into the
fea, is fullained tlu:iein partly by the greater cr,f~
fitudt and gravity of the fea-water, and pai-tly by
its condant agitation. Wood-ward.

Crastika'tiok. n.f. [from eras, Latin,
to-morrow.] Delay. Di£l.

Cratch, n.f. \creche, Fr. crates, Lat.]
The palifaded frame in which hay is
put for cattle.

When, being expelled out of ParaJife by reafon
of fin, thou wcrt held in the chains of death; I
uas inclofed in the virgin's womb, I was laid in
the cratcb, 1 was wrapped in fwathling-cloatlis.

Halmuill on Providcr.cc.

Crava't. n.f, [of uncertain etymology.]
A neckcloth ; any thing worn about the
neck.

Lefs delinquents have been fcourg'd.
And hemp on wooJcn anvils forg'd ;
Which others for cravan have worn
About their necks, and took a' turn. IluJibras,

The redriftives were applied, one over anotlicr,
to her throat : then we put her on a crjv.it.

JJ^jJeman't Surgery.

To CRAVE, -v. a. [cra'p-in, Saxon.]
I. To a(k with earneftnefs ; to a/k with
fubmiflion ; to beg ; to entreat.

What one petition is there found in the whole
Litany, whcn-of v;e (hill ever be able at any time
to fay, that no man livlnj; ncedeth the grace or
benciit therein trarr.l at Cod'-; hands ? Hooter.

As for my nobler l>it;iid':, I crai>£ their pardons j
But for the mut.iLlc rank-fcented many.
Let them regard roe as I do not flatter.

Stakffejre^i CcrioIariNS,

The poor people, not knowing where to hide
themftlvcj from U>e fury of their enemies, nor of

whom to crave help, fled as men and wom»n i'C-
mayed. KkoIUs.

1 would crave leave here, under the word aiAion,
to comprehend the forbearance too of any action
propofed. Locks,

Ench ardent nymph the riling current cra'va.
Each fliephcrd's pray'r retards the parting waves.

Prior,

2. To aflc infatiably.

The fuhjefts arin'd, the more their princes gave^
Th' advantage only took the more to craic.

De«hnm,

Him do(t thou mean, who, fuite of all his (lore-.
Is ever craving, and will ftill be poor ?
Who cheats for halfpence, and who dofrs his coat
To fave a farthing in a ferry-boat > Dryd. Peifiu.,

3. To long; to wiih unreafonably.

Levity pu(hes us on from one vain defire to an-
other, in a regular viciflicude and fucce/Tion of
cravings and fatiety, L'EJIrange,

He is aflually under the power of a temptation,
and the fway of an iaipetut,us lult j b'lth hurrying
him to fatisfy the cravings of it by fome wickcH
aSion. South.

4. To call for importunately.

Beftow
Your needful counfel to our bufineffes.
Which crave the imiant ufe. Shahej'f. King Lear,
The antecedent concomitants and efi'efts of
fuch a conftitution, are acids, taken in too great
quantities ; four eruftations, and a craving appe-
tite, efpecially of terreftrial and abforbent fub-
(lances. Ariuthnol on Alimtnts.

5. Sometimes with/cr before the thing
fought.

Once one may crave for love,
But more would prove
This heart too little, that too great. Suckling.
Cra'ven. n.f. [derived by 5/(/««fr from
crave, as one that craves or begs his
life : perhcips it comes originally from
the noife made by a conquered cock.

1. A cock conquered and dlfpirited.

What, is your creft a coxcomb !*

A comblefs cock, fo Kate will be my hen.
—No cock of mine} you crow too like a craven.

Shakfpeare.

2. A coward ; a recreant ; a weak-hearted
fpiritlefs fellow.

Is it fit this Ibld.er keep his oath ?
He is a craven and a villain elfe. Skjk. //. Vi

Cra'ven. adj. Cowardly; bafe.

Upon his coward bread
A bloody crofs, and on his cravrn cred
A bunch of hairs difcolour'd diverlly. Sf infer.

Whether it be
Beftial oblivion, or fome craven fcruple.
Of thinking too prccifely on th' event ;
A thought which, quarter'd, hath but one pait

wifdom.
And ever three parts coward. Shakcff care's HamieU

Yet if the Innocent lome mercy tind.
From cowardice, not rinh, did that proceed ;

His noble foes durll not his crav:n kind
Exafpcratc by fuch a bloody deed. Fairfax.

To Cra'ven. i>. a. [from the noun.] To
make recreant or cowardly.

'Gainft felf-flaughter
There IS a prohibition fo divine.
That cravens my weaJt hand. Shakcjf. Cymltcline,

Cra'ver. n./. [from cra've.] An infati-
able afker. It is ufed in ClariJ/a.

To Craunch, 1/. a. [/chrantfai, Dutch;
whence the vulgar fay more properly to
fcraunch.l To crulh in the mouth. The
word is ufed by Sivi/t.

Craw. tr.j'. [;{roir, Danifh.] The crop or
firfl ftomach of birds.

In birds there is no maillcation or comminution

of _lhe meat in the mouth j but, In fucSi as a.c

ijot carnivorous, it is Immediately fw.TlloweJ into

the crop er crgtii, or at lead int'J a kind oi anie-

3 K 2 ftomach,

C R'A

Jlomach, which I haTC obfcrved in many, efye-
ciilly pifclvorous birdi. Kaj c» the Creaiien.

Cra'wfish. n. /. [ fometimes written
(rayfijb, properly crtvice ; in French,
tcrevij/e.'\ A (mall cruftaceous fi(h found
in broolcsj the fmall lobfter of fre(h
water.

Tbofe that caft their flirll are the lobfter, the

crab, the craviffi), the hodmandod or dodman,

and tlie tortoife. Baitn.

• Let me to crack live c»-<«y^rtcommfnd. Pi>f(.

The common crt^vfifb, and the large fea crmv-

fjh, both produce the ilones called crabs eyes. Hill.

To CRAWL. <v. n. \krielen, Dutch.]

1 . To creep ; to move with a flow motion ;
to move without rifing from the ground,
as a worm.

r faw them under a green mantling vine.
That cratu/t along the fide ot' yon fmall hill.

Millcn.
That er^fwling infcO, who from mud began ;
Warm'd by my beams, and kindle^ inta man !

DryAcn.
, The ftreams, but juftcontain'd wHhin their

bounils.
By How degrees into their channels craivl ;
And earth incrcafcs as the waters fall. Dryiin.
A worm finds what it fearchej after, only by
feeling, at it cravih from one thing to anotiier.

Gretv^s Caftjioiogia.
The vile worm, that yefterday brgan
To iraw/j t' y felljw-creature, abjffl man. Prhr.

2. To move weakly and flowly, or timo-
roufly.

'Tis our firft intent
To Ihake all cares and bufmefs from our age.
While we unburthen^d cratul tow 'id death.

ShaJtifpeare^i K;fig Lrar.

They like tall fellows crept out of the holes ;
and fecrctly crmolmgMp the battered walls of the
fort, got into it. KmIIci.

For the fleets of Solomon and th» kings of
Egypt, it is very apparent they went with great
Icifure, and crato/ej clok by theihore-nde.

//-:>■.>>:.

A look fo pale no qnartane ever gave ;
Thy dwindled legs feem craviling to a gr.-ive.

Vrytien'i JuniertiU
• He was hardly able to craivl about the room,
far left to look a;ter a troublefomp bnfincfs.

jiriuthnot^s Join Ball.
Man is a very worm by birth.

Vile reptile, weak and vain !
A while he craivh M\~in the earth,

1 hen ihrinks to earth again. P<ft.

It will be very necelTary for the th:-caiibate

gownman, and every child who can cruvil, to

watch the fields at harveft-time. Sviift.

3. To advance flowly and flily.

Cranmer
Hath craviti into the favour of the king.
And is his oracle. Shukeffeart't Henry VIII.

4. To move about hated and defpifed.

K ^'Q. u; on that litt':r of abfurd opinions that
trazcl about the world, to the difgrace of reafon.

Smth.

How will the condemned fmner then cra-wl
forth, and appear in his fikfa, before that undefined
tribunal f South.

BehbU a rev'rend fire, whom want of grace
Has made the father of a namelefs race,
Craivl thr>ugh the ftreet, fiiov'd on, or rudely

prcfs*d
By liij own (i>i\s, that '^ifs him by unblefs'd ! Pcfe.

Cr a'wi.er. w.T". [from traou/.] Acrecper;

any thing that creeps.
Cr a'y FiSH. »./. [See Crawfish.} The

river lobllcr.
1 h: cure of the muriatick and armoniack fait-

nefs recjuircs fiimy meats j as faails, tortoifes,

jelUes, aud crayfijhut Htyrr.

C, R E

Cra'yon. n.f. [frajow, French.]

1 . A icind of pencil ; a roll of pafte to
' draw lines with.'

Let no d.>y pifs over you without drawing a
line; that is,' to fay, without working, without
giving fome fttokes of the pencil or the crayon.

Drjiir'i D:ifrtfnoy.

2. A drawing or defign done with a pencil
or crayon.

To CRAZE, -v. a. \ecrafer, French,"to
break to pieces.]

1 . To break ; to crufti ; to weaken.

In this confidcration, the anfwcr of Calvin unto
Farrel, concerning the children of popifli parents,
doth fccm craxid. Haiin

Relent, fwcet Hermia ; and, Lyfandcr, yield
Thy irazitl title to my certain right. Sbatifpccrc.

Till length of years.
And fedentary numbnrfs, craxc my limbs. Milton.

Then through the fiery pillar, and the cloud,
God looking forth, will trouble all his hoft.
And craxe their chariot wheels. Milton.

2. To powder.

The tin ore pafleth to the craxing mill, which,
between two grinding ftones, bruifeth it to a fine
fand. Carrw't Survey.

3. To crack the brain ; to impair the in-
telleft.

I lov'd him, friend.
No father his fon dearer, true, to tell thee.
That grief hath crax'd my wits. Shak. K. Lear.
Wickednefs is a kind of voluntary frcnay, and
a cliofen diftraflion ; and every finner does wilder
and more extravagant things than any man can
do that is traced and out of his wirs ; only with
thisYad difference, that he knows bitter what he
does. Tillotfon.

Cra'zedness. n.f. [horn crnzed.'\ De-
crepitude ; brokennefs ; diminution of
intelleft.

The nature, as of men that have fick bodies, fo
likewitif of the people in the cr<ja!.rfnt_/} of their
minds, pofiefled with didike and difcontentmcnt
at tViings prefcnt, is to imagine that any thing
would help them. Hooker.

Cra'zikess. n.f. [hom crazy."]

1. State of being crazy ; imbecility ;
weaknefs.

Touching other pLiccs, (he may be faid to
hold them as one (hould do a wolf by the ears ;
nor will I fpcak now of tbi'eraxinefi of her title
tJ many of them. Hcvicl's fecal ForeJI.

2. Weaknefs of intelleft.
Cra'zv. aiij. \ecrax.e, French.]

1. Broken; decrepit.

Come, my lord.
We will bcftow you in fome better place.
Fitter for ficknefs and for craxy age.

Shaiejpeare't Henry VI.

When people are craxy, and in difordtr, it is

natural for them to groan. VEfirange.

2. Broken-witted ; fliatteredintheintelleft.

The queen of night, whofe large command
Rules all the f:a and half the land,
And over moift and craxy brains,
In high fpiing-tides, at midnight reigns. Hudihat.

3. Weak ; feeble ; fliattered.

Phyfick can but mend out craxy ftate,
Patch an old building, not a new create. Dryden.

Were it pofllble that the near approaches of eter-
nity, whether by a mature age, a craxy conftitu-
tion, or a violent ficknefs, Ihould amaze fo many,
had they truly confidered, tyake.

Creacht. n.f. [An Irirti word.]

In thefe faft places, they kept their creaghti, or
herds of cattle, living by the milk of the cov,
wirhout hulbandry or tillage. Davits on Ireland.

To Creacht. v. v.

It was made penal to the Englifh to permit the
Irilh to crcagbt or grnze upon their lands, or prefcnt
them to ecclcliallical beseficcs. Vaviet en JnLird.

:C R E

To Creak, v. n. {corrupted from crack."]

1. To make a harih protraftel noife. ''

Let not the creaking of flioes, nor the ruftling
of filks, betray thy poor heart to women.

Sbakeffcart's King Lear.
No door there was th' unguarJed houfe to keep.
On creating hinges wrn'd, to brrak his flcep.

brjJtn.

2. It is fometimes ufed of animals.

The creaking locufts with my voice confpire,
They fried with heat, and I with fierce defire.

Dryden,

CREAM, n.f. [cremor, Latin.]

1. The unfluous or oily part of milk,
which, when it is cold, floats on the
top, and is changed by the agitation
of the chura into butter ; the fljwer of
milk. ■

It is not your inky browrs, your black filk hair.
Your bugle eye-balls, nor yourcheelf of cream.
That can entame my fpirits to your worfliip.

Stakeffeare.

I am as vigilant as a cat to fteai cream.

Skatefjteare's Henry IV.

Cream is matured and made to rife fpeedily, by
putting in cold water j which, as it fcemeth,
getteth down the whey. Bacon's Nufaral liy}:ry.

How the drudging goblin fwet,
• To earn his crcam-boviX duly fet ;
When in one night, ere glimpfe of mom.
His ihadowy flail hath threfli'd the com. Milton.

Let your various creams incirled be
With fweiling fruit, juft ravilh'd fiom the tree.

. . '^'•'£-

Milk, (landing fome time, naturally fcparatcs
into an oily liquor called cream j'2nd a thinner,
blue, and more ponderous liquor, called (kimmed
milk. j^rbutbnot on j^iiments.

2. It is ufed for the bed part of any thing :
as, the cream if a jtft.

7c Cream. 1;. «. [from the noun.] To
gather cream.

There are a fort of men, whofe vifages
Do cream and mantle like a (landing pond ;
And do a wilful ilirthcfs emertain.
With purpofe to be drcft in an opijaon
Of wifdom, gravity, profound conceit.

Sbakefpcar^'s Afercbant nj Venice.

7« Cream, -v. a. [from the noun.]

1 . To take off the cream.

2. To take the flower and quinteflence
of any thing : io ufed fomewhere by

Crf A M-FACED. aJj . [cream and faceJ.}
Pale ; coward-looking.

Thou- f(¥<nn-/ic'</ lown.
Where got'ft thou that goofe-look ?

Shaiefpearc's Macbelbf

Cre'amy. aJj. [from cream.] Full of
cream ; having the nature of cream.

CRE'JNCE. n. J. [French.] Is, in fal-
conry, a fine fmall line, faftencd to a
hawk's leafli when flie is firft lured.

CREASE, n.f. [from creta, Latin, cjjalk.
Skinner,] A mark made by doubling any
thing.

Men of great parts are unfortunate in bufincfs,
becaufc they go out of the common road : I once
dcfired lord Bolingbroke to obferve, that the clerks
ufed an ivory knifi:, with a blunt edge, to divide
paper, which cut it even, only requiring a ftrong
hand j whereas a (harp penknife would go out of
the creaje, and disfigure the paper. S-wift^

To Cre'ase. -v. a. [from the noun.] To
mark any thing by doubling it, fo as'to
leave the imprelTian.
To CREA'TE. -v. a. [creo, Latin.]
I . To form out of nothing ; to caufe to
exiA.

Tn

C R E

CiR E

C R E

In the beginning God trtattd the heaven and
the earth. [Getitfu.

We having but imperfeft Ideas of the operations
of our minds, and much imperfefter yet of the
operations of God, run into great difficulties about
free crialid agents, which reafoo cannot well ex-
tricate itfelf out of. Lade.

2. To produce ; to caufe j to be the occa-
iion of.

Now is the time of help : your eye in Scotland
Would create foldiers, and make women fight.

Shakefpeare*

His abilities were prone to create in him great

confidence of undertakings, and this was like

enough to betray him to great errours and many

enemies. ^^'^ Cbarlts.

They edipfe the cleareft truths by difficulties o/

their own creating, or no man could mifs his way

to heaven for want of light. Decay of Piety.

None knev.', till guilt created fear.

What darts or poifon'd arrows were.

Rofcommoit,
Mufl 1 new bars to my own joy create,
Re/ule myfelf what I had forc'd from fate ?

Drydeni Aurengxebe^

Long abdinence is troublefome to acid confTi-

tutions, by the uneallnefs it creates in the flomach.

Arburbnct.

3. To beget.

And the lITue there create
Ever Ihall be fortunate. Shaieffeare^

4. To inveft with any new charafter.

Arife, my knights o' th' battle : 1 create you
Companions to our perfon, and will 6t you
With dignities becoming your eftares.

Sbakefpeare's Cyminrtne.

5. To give any new qualities ; to put any
thing in a new ftate.

The beilBritilh undertaker had but a proportion
of three thoufand acres for hinifelf, with power
to freate a manor, and hold a courc-baron.

Danjiei.cn Ireland.
Crea'tion. n./. [from create.']

1 . The aft of creating or conferring exift-
ence.

Copfidcr the immenfity of the Divine Love,
expreflVd in all the emanations of his proiidcnce ;
ia his creation, in his confervation ci us. Taytor,

2. The aft of inverting with new qualities
or charafter : as, the creation of peers.

3. The things created ; the univerfe.

As fubjccti ihcn the whole creaticn came,
And from thcu natures Adam them did name.

Der.bam.
Such wjis the fiir.t, who flione with ev'ry grate,
Refledliag, M, fa-like, his mailer's face !
God faw his image lively was exprefj'd,
And hi» own Wjrk a» his creation blefs'd.

Dry Jen'' t Fab/et.
Nor could the tender new creation bear
Th" excedive heaw or coldnefj of the year.

Dryden's Virgil,
In dayi of yore, no matter where or when.
Before the liiw creaiicn fwarm'd with men. rarncl.

4. Any thing produced, or caufed.

Art thou not, Tutji vitioq, fenlible
To feeling as n fli;!.t ? Or art thou but
A dagger of the mhij, a falfc crcaiun.
Proceeding from the heat-oppreffed brain ?

Slaliejfeate'i Macbeth,
Crea'tive. adj, [from creaie.1

1 . Having the power to create.

But come, ye generous minds, in wbofe wide
thought,
Of all hi! wirks, creative beauty burns
With warmest beam. Ttomfon'i Spring.

2. Exerting the aft of creation.

To trace the outgoings of the ancient of days
in the firft inftance, and of his creative power, is
a refearch too great for mortal enquiry. S-^utb.

Crea'tor. n, /, [creator, Latin.] The
being that bcdowt exiltence.

Open, ye heavens, your living doors ; let in
The great creator, from his work return'd
Magnificent ; his fix days work, a world. Milton,

When you lie down, clofe your eyes with a fiiort
prayer, commit yourfelf into the hands of your
faithful creator; and when you have done, truft
him with yourfelf, as you muft do when you are
dying. Taylor s Guide to Devotion.

Cre'ature. n,/, [r«a/Br^, low Latin.]

1 . A being not felf-exiftent, but created by
the fupreme power.

Were thefe perfons idolaters for the worship they
did not give to the creator, or for the worihip they
did give to his creatures ? Stillingjlect-,

2. Any thing created.

God's fii (I crcaiun was light. Bacon s New At!.
Imperfr^ the world, and all the creatures in it,
mull be acknowledged in many rcfpcds to be.

Tillotfin,

3. An animal, not human.

The queen pretended fatisfa^tion of her know-
ledge only in killing creatures vile, as cats and dogs.
Shakefpeare' s Cymbeline.

4. A general term for man.

Yet crime in her could never creature i\ni^
But for hii love, and for her own felf fake,

She wandcr'd had from one to other Ind. Spenftr.

Mod curfed of all creatures under iky,
Lo, Tantalus, I here tormented lie.' [Sperfer,

Though he might burll his lungs to call for help,
No creature would affiil or pity him. Rofcommon.

5. A word of contempt for a human being.

Hence ; home, you idle creatures, get you home \
Is this a holiday .' , Shakefpeare' s Julius Cafar.

He would Into the (leivs,
.And from the common creatures pluck a glove.
And wear it as a favour.. Shakefp. Richard \ll.

I've heard that guilty creatures at a'play.
Have, by the very cunning of the fcone.
Been ftruck fo to the foul, that prefeiitly
They have proclaim'd their m.t:efa£tion?.

Shakefpeare' s Hamlet.

Nor think to-night of thy ill nature, ,

But of thy follies, idle creature. Prior,

A good poei no fooner communicates his works,
but it is imagined he is a vain young creoturCi
given up to t'lic ambition of fanie. Pope,

6. A word of petty tendejaefs. .

And then, Sir, wuuld he gripe and wring my
hand ;
Cry, Ob fweet creature, and then kifs me hard.

Shakelpean,
Ah, cruel creature, whom.flon; t]i : :
The^gods, to live in woods, h-ive Ic.

1-, ^d._

Some young frM(Kri;i have learmtneirle:ters and"
fyllabiet by having tliem palled upon little tablets..

If'/atts,

7. A perfoa who owes his rife or his for-
tune to another.

He fent to colonel Maflcy to fend him men,
which he, being a creature ai EiTex's, refufeJ.

Clarendon.

The duke's creature he dcfired to be cllecmed.
■~ Clarendon,

Great princes thus, when favourites they raifc,
'Tojuftify their grace, their rre<7/ur« praiff,- Dryd.

The defign was diicoyered by a perfon whom
every body knows to be the creature of a certain
great man. Swift.

Cre'aturely. adj, [from creature.]
Having the qualities of a creature.

The feveral parts of relatives, or creaturcly in-
finites, may have finite proportions to one another.
Cheyne'i Philofopbical Principles,

C R e'b R I T u D E . It. /. [from creier, fre-
quent, Latin.] Frequentnefs. Di£l.

Cre'brous. ac{/. [from creier, La,t,] Fre-
quent. Z>/V?.

CRE'DENCE. »./. [from credo, Lat. cre-
dence, Norman Fr.]

I. Belief J credit.

Ne let him feem that credence this exceeds.
For he that made the fame was known right well

To have done much more admirable deeds j
It Merlin was, Spenfer,

Love. and wifdom,
Approv'd fo to your majefty, may plead
For ample credence. Shakefpeare.

They did not only underhand give out tlratthis
( was the true earl j but the friar, finding fome cre-
dence In the people, took boldnefs in the pulpit to
declare as much. Bacon.

2. That which gives a claim to credit 01
belief.

After they had delivered to the king their letters
of credence, they were led to a chamber richly fur-
nifhcii. Haytvard.

GMEDE'NDJ. n.f. [Latih.] Things to
be believed ; articles of faith j diftin-
guifhed in theology from agenda, or prac-
tical duties.

Thefe were the great articles and credenda of
Chriftianlty, that fo much ftartled the world. South,
Cre'd&nt. adj. [credens, Latin.]
I . Believing ; eafy of belief.

Then weigh what lofs your honour may fuftain.
If with too credent ear you lift' his fongs.

Shcriejpeare's Hatnlee.

z. Having credit j not to be queftioned.
Lefs proper.

My authority bears a credent bulk.
That no particular fcandal once can touch,
But it confounds the breather. Sbak. Meaf. for M.

Crede'ntial. tt.f. [from fr^rfV^j, Lat.]
That which gives a title to credit ; the
warrant upon which belief or authority
is claimed.!

A few perlbns of an odious and defplfed country
could not have filled the world with believers, had
they not fliown undoubted i-;vA«/;a/j from the Di-
vine Fcrfon who fent tliem o.n fuch a mefl'age.

Addifon tin the Chrifiian Religitm.

Credibi'litv. n. /. [from credible.']
Claim to credit; pollibility of obtaining
belief; probability.

The firfV r,f thofe opinions I (hall fliew to be
alto.gcther incredible, and the latter to have all the
credibility »ad evidence .of which'.*' thing of that -
nature is capable. Ti'lotfon.

Calculate the feveral degrees of credibility and
conviction, by which the one evidence furpall'eth
the.r>ther. Atieriury.

.Cre'dible. a<^'. [credeiilis, L^t.] Worthy
of credit ; deferving of 43elief j having
a juft claim to belief.

The ground of credit is the cre'jibility of things
credited ; and things are made credible, either by
the known condition and quality of the uttercr, or
by the manifeft likelihood of truth in themfelves.

}Uoker.

None can dcmonftrate to me, that there is fuch
an iiland as Jamaica j yet, upon the teiHmony of
credible perfons, 1 am free from doubt. Tillotfon.
CRE'orBLENESs. )!. /. [from credible,]
Credibility; worthinefs of belief; juil
claim. to belief.

The crediblenfs of a good part of thcfe nar.
raclvcs has been confirmed to me by a praitifer of
phyfick. Boyle.

Cre'diblv. ad'v. [from credible.] In a
manner that claims belief.

This, with the lofs of fo few of the Engli/h
as is Icarce credible ; being, as hath been rather
confidently than credibly reported, but of one man, I
thouj^h n<it a few hurt. c . ■ Bacu*^ .

CRE'DIT. n.f. [credit, Frencli.]
I. Belief of; faith yielded to antither.

When the people heard thcfe wordy, they gavC; •
no credit unto them, nor received chcin.

I Mae. X. 46. ''
I may give i^rcdd to tc^QXUt. Adiiijm's SpeeUtor^!^

Some

C R E

Some fecret truths, t'rom learned pr'iJe concetl'd,
Tn ina'tds alone and children arc reveaPd ;
l^^ii though no rrr</.'r doubling wits may give,
Th( lair and innocent Ihall ItiU believe. P^fe.

2. Honour ; reputation.

] publiflied, becaufc I was told I might pleafc
fiich as it was a crcjii to plcafe. /*«/><■.

3. Efteem ; good opinioB.

'I'herc is no decaying merchant, or inward beg-
gar, bath fo many tricks to uphold the criJit ol
their wealth, as thefe empty perfons have to main-
tain the creJit of their fufficiency. Baan.

His Larning, though a poet faid it.
Before a phiy, would lofe no crctitt* • Swift*

Yes, while I live, no rich or noble knave
Shall walk the world in credit to his grave.

Pcfi'i Jhraci.

4. Faith i telUmony ; that wliich procures
belief.

We are contented to take this upon your credit,
and to think it may be, Hocker.

The things which we properly believe, be only-
fuch as are received upon the credit of divine telli-
mony. Hooker*

The author would have done well to have left fo
great a paradox only to the credit of a fingle alfer-
tion. Locke.

5. Truft repofed, with regard to property :
correlative to Mt.

Credit is nothing but the ezpe£tation -of money,
within fome limited time. Lecie,

6. Protnife given.

They have never thought of violating the •pub-
lick credit, or of alienating the revenues to other
ufes than to what tbcy have been thus aflijned.

Mdifei.

7. Influence; power not compulfive ; in-
tcrelK

She employed his nttermoft credit to relieve us,
which was as great as » beloved fon with a mother.

Sidney.
They fenthimlikewife a copy of their fupplica-
tlon to the king, and defircd him to ofe his credi:
that a treat)' might be entered into. Clarendcn.
' Having credit enough with his maAer to provide
for his own intereft, he troubled not himicif for
that of other men. Clarendon.

T^o-Cre'dit. 'v.a. [rr;</0, Latin.]

1 . To believe.

Now I change my mind,
And partly credit things that do prcfage.

Sbakejpcare''i 'JuViut Ctpjjr.

To cruBt the unintelligibility both of this union

and motion, we need no more than to confider it.

Glanville*

2. To procure credit or honour to any
thing.

May here her monument Hand f>>.
To credit this rude age ; and Ihnw
To future times, that even we
Some patterns did of virtue fee. fyh/fer.

It was not upon defign to credit thefe papers,
nor to compliment a fociety fo much above flattery.

G/ar.vi/it.

At prefcnt you credit the church as much by

y«ur government, as you did die fchool formerly

by your wit. South.

3. To trull ; to confide in.

4. To admit as a debtor.
Cre'oitable. a/fj. [from tree/it, "]

1. Reputable; above contempt.

He IctticJ him in a good crediuthU wayof living,
h.tVing procured him by his intexft one of the beft
placci uf the ouiitry. Arbutbnot'i'jftbnBuli.

2. Honourable ; eftiraable.

The conieniplacicn of things, that do not fervo
to promote our happincfi, ii but a more fpccious
fort of idlencfs, a more pardonable and credi:ai>/t
kind of ignnrancr. Tilinfor,

Cre'ditableniss. »./ [from cicdita-
ile.] Rcputation-j clcimation.

C RE

Among all thcfe fnarrs, there is tlone fliwre

entangling than the creditahlencji and repute of

cuftjmary vices. Decay of Piety.

Cre'ditabi.y. eidn.'. [from cret/ita/>/e.]

Reputably; without difgrace.

Many will chufc rather to iie^Ieft their duty

fafely and crediiahly, than to get a broken pate in

I the church's fervice, only to be rewarded with that

' which will break their heart; too. ' S'yufb*

Cr e'd 1 to r. rt.f. ■ [frrJiior, Lfttin.]

1 . He to whom a debt is owed ; he tliat
gives credi